ML20112E401
| ML20112E401 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Comanche Peak  |
| Issue date: | 03/19/1985 |
| From: | Ellis J Citizens Association for Sound Energy |
| To: | Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel |
| References | |
| CON-#185-217 LBP-84-54, OL, NUDOCS 8503260539 | |
| Download: ML20112E401 (34) | |
Text
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3/19/85 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
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BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD
- ;ai :25 r
In the Matter of l
Docket Nos. 50-4450' l
and 50-4460 P TEXAS UTILITIES ELECTRIC 1
COMPANY, et al.
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(Application for an (Comanche Peak Steam Electric l
Operating License)
Station, Units 1 and 2) l CASE'S 3/19/85 SUPPLEMENT TO CASE'S 1/7/85 MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION OF BOARD'S 12/18/84 MEMORANDUM (CONCERNING WELDING ISSUES) (LBP-84-54)
In CASE's 3/16/85 Supplement to CASE's 1/7/85 Motion for Reconsideration of Board's 12/18/84 Memorandum (Concerning Welding Issues)
(LBP-84-54), CASE stated that some of the new and significant information which CASE expects to receive shortly was attached (page 2, last sentence of paragraph at top of page, and footnote 1, bottom of page 3).
However, as CASE advised the Board Chairman and the parties (either by speaking personally by phone or by leaving telephone messages) yesterday (3/18/85),
that information (which CASE just received Saturday, 3/16/85, and did not have sufficient time to include with our mailing of 3/16/85) was not attached. We needed to obtain copies of some portions of the ASME and AWS codes to attach; we have now made copies of those portions and they are attached in support of some of the following information, where indicated.
Pages 9, 31, 69-71, of Board's 12/18/84 Memorandum, re: Credibility of Applicants' Witnesses:
All of the following are relevant and material to the Board's statements at pages 9 and 31 regarding the " credible'and consistent 8503260539 850319' PDR ADOCK 05000445 G
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(See also pages 5-9 of CASE's 3/16/85 Supplement to CASE's 1/7/85 Motion for Reconsideration of Board's 12/18/84 Memorandum (Concerning Welding Issues) (LBP-84-54).)
Page 65 of Board's Memorandum, Re: Method of repair welding of misdrilled holes
-(see also discussion on pages 27-30 of CASE's 3/16/85 Supplement, re: Page 67, bottom of page continued on page 68 of Board's Memorandum, re:
acceptable structural strength of plug welds):
The Board stated at page 65 of the Board's Memorandum:
" Applicants testified that welding of a misdrilled hole is a relatively simply procedure (Applicants Exhibit 177 at 42; Tr. 11623)."
And Mr. Baker testified regarding the method of repair welding of misdrilled holqs (pages 35 and 36 of Applicants' prefiled testimony, Applicants' Exhibit 177, received into evidence at and bound in following Tr. 9976):
"If a hole is misdrilled in a support, such as referred to in Darlene and Henry Stiner's testimony, the welding technique to fill the hole is very simplistic and not at all difficult. It would entail (in overview fashion) welding one side of the hole and letting this cool. After flipping the plate, the slag in the hole from the initial welding would be removed by either a pencil grinder or a chipping hammer... Next, the second side of the hole would be welded...
"This precise technique is properly described by Darlene Stiner in her testimony (Tr. 4151).
In that testimony she states that she welded one side of the hole, chipped the slag out using a hammer, and then welded the other side of the hole... This technique is used by virtually every welder in the plant and is simply standard practice."
(It should first be pointed out that at Tr. 4151, Mrs. Stiner was not even talking about plug welding -- she was discussing weave welding. The proper transcript citation is 4154-4155, excerpts of,which were quoted on page 15 of CASE's 3/16/85 Supplement.)
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The technique described by Mrs. Stiner and by Applicants is very similar to the technique for welding Plug Welds as discussed in AWS D1.1-80, 1980StructuralWeldingcode-Steel,PageG,4.28PlugWelds/1/,copyof which is attached (similar wording is contained in the 1981 revision):
"4.28.1 For welds to be made in the flat position, each shall be deposited around the root of the joint and then deposited along a spiral path t.o the center of the hole, fusing and depositing a layer of weld metal in the root and bottom of the joint. The arc is then carried to the periphery of the hole and the procedure repeated, fusing and depositing successive layers to fill the hole to the required
~ depth. The slag covering the weld metal should be kept molten until the weld is finished. If the are is broken or the slag is allowed to cool, the slag must be completely removed before restarting the weld.
"4.28.2 For welds to be made in the vertical position, the are is started at the root of the joint, at the lower side of the hole, and is carried upward, fusing into the face of the inner plate and to the side of the hole. The arc is stopped at the top of the hole, the slag is cleaned off, and the process is repeated on the opposite side of the hole. After cleaning slag from the weld, other layers should be similarly deposited to fill the hole to the required depth.
"4.28.3 For welds to be made in the overhead position, the procedure j
is the same as for the flat position, except that the slag should be allowed to cool and should be completely removed after depositing each successive bead until the hole is filled to the required depth."
It is CASE's understanding that one of the differences between plug i
welding (as used in the AWS Code) and the repair welding of misdrilled holes is that plug welds are made intentionally (as specified by the engineer, to join two pieces together and to perform the function intended by the engineer), whereas a misdrilled hole was not made intentionally but was simply put in the wrong place.
It is also CASE's understanding that (depending upon what is called for by the engineer and based upon the size of the hole and the function which the engineer expects to be performed)
/1/ There is no section in the code of record, AWS D'1.1-75, which corresponds to the 4.28 section in the 1980 and 1981 revisions; section 4.28 in AWS D1.1-75 has to do with Workmanship.
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plug welds (as defined by AWS) may or may not be completely filled in (i.e.,
a properly performed plug weld may be partially hollow).
CASE submits (despite Applicants' rhetoric regarding " plug welds" more properly being called the repair welding of misdrilled holes) that Mr. and Mrs. Stiner were correct in their terminology all along and what wac actually being performed at Comanche Peak (if it had been done correctly) was plug welding under the definition of AWS, and that this is why Mr. and Mrs. Stiner had picked up the commonly-used site terminology of " plug welding."
This would also explain the fact that there was no procedure in place at' Comanche Peak for the repairing of misdrilled holes on pipe supports (see Board Memorandum, bottom of page 69 continued on page 70; see also Baker at Tr. 11765/18-11766/14 and 11968/15-11969/21).
And, since there was no procedure, welders were performing plug welds outside of procedure to repair misdrilled holes on pipe supports.
In addition, it is especially important to note the similarity between what Applicants have referred to as the repair welding of misdrilled holes and the technique for plug welding discussed in AWS 4.28, because of new and significant information contained in the 1984 revision of the code, AWS D1.1-84, under 3.7 Repairs, page 39, 3.7.7 Welded Restoration of Material with Mislocated Holes f2,/:
"3.7.7 Welded Restoration of Material with Mislocated Holes. Except where restoration by welding is necessary for structural or other reasons, punched or drilled mislocated holes may be left open or filled with bolts. When base metal with mislocated holes is restored by welding, the following requirements apply:
f2/ As stated in the Preface (page xi, also attached,) of the 1984 revision, this is a change in code requirements, as indicated by the double Se vertical line in the margin immediately adjacent to the paragraph i
affected.
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"(1) Base metal not subjected to dynamic tensile stress may be restored by welding provided the contractor prepares and follows a repair welding procedure specification. The repair weld soundness shall be verified by the appropriate nondestructive tests, when such tests are specified in the contract documents for groove welds subject to compression or tension stress.
"(2) Base material subject to dynamic tensile stress may be restored by welding provided:
"(a) The Engineer approves repair by welding and the welding repair procedure specification;
"(b) The welding repair procedure specification is followed in the work and the soundness of the restored material is verified by the NDT method (s) specified in the contract documents for examination of tension groove welds or as approved by the Engineer...
"(4) Weld surfaces shall be finished as specified in 3.6.3."
Additional significant information is provided in the Commentary to the 1984 revision f3,/ (also attached) under 3.7 Repairs (page 273):
"3.7.7 Restoration of Unacceptable Holes by Welding. The technique for making plug welds set forth in 4.28 of this Code is not satisfactory for restoring the entire crossection of the base metal at mislocated holes.
Plug welds are intended to transmit shear from one plane surface to another and not to develop the full cross section of the hole. One method of restoring unacceptable holes is to fill one-half the depth or less with steel backing of the same material specification as the base metal, gouge an elongated boat-shaped cavity down to the backing, then fill the cavity by welding using the stringer bead technique. After the first side is welded, gouge another elongated boat-shaped cavity completely removing the temporary backing on the second side, and complete by welding using the stringer bead technique." (Emphases added.)
It is CASE's understanding that the reason for this change in code requirements by AWS was because of a concern regarding the ability of the repaired item to perform its intended function, and to help assure that the completed repair would be structurally as similar as possible to the f3/ As stated on page xi of the Preface (attached),'"The Commentary is not intended to supplement Code requirements but only to provide a useful document for interpretation and application of the Code."
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original base metal; and that, although the technique suggested in the
. preceding is not necessarily the only proper and acceptable method of such repair,_some sort of backing should be used which would accomplish these goals. There is nothing in the record to indicate that this has ever been done at Comanche Peak when repair welding misdrilled holes.
This new and significant information again calls into serious question the Board's conclusion that the plug weld would provide acceptable structural strength.
(See also discussion at pages 27-30 of CASE's 3/16/85 Supplement.)
Further, this calls into question the adequacy and structural integrity of all repaired misdrilled holes at Comanche Peak, including each of the 463 cable tray hangers in the cable spreading room regarding which Applicants' witness Mr. Baker testified he had obtained inspection reports (Tr. 10038/4-10; see also Board's Memorandum at page 63, first full paragraph).
It also calls for the requirements of 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix A, Criterion 1 (regarding adequacy of generally recognized codes and standards), to come into play.
In addition, the question must now be asked: How is it that Applicants' experts did not know about this? After all, it is not CASE's job to have to ferret out every new change in code requirements; it is Applicants and their agents who are designing and constructing this nuclear power plant, not CASE. A companion question must also be asked: Applicants (and all subscribers to AWS) would probably have received the 1984 revision of the AWS Code about March or April of 1984 or shortly thereafter; did Applicants, in fact, know about this information, but,did not inform the Board?
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l Pages 71-77, re: Preheat Requirements:
There are several aspects of preheat requirements which we will be addressing in an additional supplement which we will be filing soon.
However, there is one aspect to which we call the Board's attention at this time, which has to do with some of the Board's conclusions, culminating in the Board's stat,ement (bottom of page 76, continued top of page 77):
"In sum, the Board finds that even if Mr. Stiner had failed to preheat some weld joints as alleged, there is reasonable assurance that this would not have resulted in an adverse impact on plant safety.
The principle impact in this proceeding would be ono the Board's opinion of whether Applicants have conscientiously applied their procedures."
There was considerable testimony by Applicants' witnesses Messrs. Baker and Muscente regarding the effects of excessive heat input, the need or lack of need for preheat, interpass temperature, brittleness, ductility, etc.
(Tr. 9997-10035, 11811-11838, for example). Some of this testimony was aimed at convincing the Board that heat input has no effect on the materials-welded on at Comanche Peak (specifically A36 and A500 steel). For example, Mr. Muscente (Applicants' only expert metallurgical witness), testified (Tr.
9997/22-9998/15):
"(WITNESS MUSCENTE) The Stiners weld (sic) on what in the industry --
the terminology is low carbon steel. That means that the carbon content of this material is below.3 percent. The other alloy elements in this material would be manganese and silicon. This is a relatively middle strength steel.
It means it's somewhere around 58,000 psi.
It's an extremely ductile material. That means it's not susceptible to cracking, it's not susceptible to embrittlement. Heat input has essentially no effect on the strength of this particular material...
" JUDGE BLOCH:
I'm sorry. That was unqualified in any way. Do you mean, when you say heat input does not affect the strength at all, are you talking within ranges that would normally be --
" WITNESS MUSCENTE:
No, I'm not.
I'm talking about over any range.
That the heat on this material has no effect on the metallurgical structure of the material and therefore has no e'ffect on the strength of the material... "
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And at Tr. 10000/12-10001/2:
"(Witness Muscente) The type of heat it will be exposed to under the conditions we are talking about, welding heat, I just can't imagine any way that the heat would get to such a point that it would have any effect on the material anyway.
"Q:
[By Mr. Reynolds] Does it follow, therefore, that any heat input would be caused by excessive weave beading, would have any structural integrity effect on the material?
"A:
Not at all. Just normal welding, if we would even exceed our parameters of a four-bead diameter, I don't feel you can heat the material to a temperature that would have any effect on the strength of the material.
" JUDGE BLOCH: I infer from your testimony the same would be true if the metal were cold when you started as well as being warmer.
" WITNESS MUSCENTE: That's right."
A reading of the record makes it obvious that the primary thrust of Mr.
Muscente's testimony in this regard was to attempt to convince the board that there is no problem.
And at Tr. 11828/7-10, Mr. Muscente testified:
" WITNESS MUSCENTE: There is a zone that's an admixture of the weld and the base metal, right adjacent to the weld, very tightly adjacent to the weld, which is referred to as the ' heat-affected zone'."
(Emphasis added.)
This statement by Mr. Muscente is not supported by either the AWS or ASME code. Contrary to Mr. Muscente's testimony, the heat affected zone consists entirely of the base metal; it is not an admixture of the weld and the base metal. The actual definition is:
" HEAT AFFECTED ZONE -- That portion of the base metal which has not been melted, but whose mechanical properties or microstructures have been altered by the heat of welding or cutting." (Emphasis added.)
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.s:
This is the' definition in:
ASME Section IX, 1974 Edition, Welding and Brazing Qualifications-
'(the code of record for' Comanche Peak), page 4-9-2 (copy attached);
" heat-affected zone. that portion of the' base metal which has not been melted, but whose mechanical properties or microstructure have been altered by the heat of welding, brazing, soldering, or cutting... "
(Emphasis added.)
This is the definition in:
AWS D1.1-75,.Strutural Welding Code (the code of record for Comanche Peak), Appendix I: Terms and Definitions, page 155 (copy attached).
AWS A3.0-80, Welding Terms and Definitions, page 13 (copy attached); see also Figure 20G, which illustrates the heat-affected zone.
AWS D1.1-84, Structural Welding Code -- Steel, Effective April 1, 1984, Appendix I, page 227.
Thus, applicable codes contradict the testimony of Applicants' only metallurgical witness, Mr. Muscente. This calls into question the credibility and/or competence of Mr. Muscente -- not only regarding this one matter, but regarding other matters about which he has testified.
' CASE also believes it is important for the Board to know that the basic information regarding this was provided to CASE by CASE Witness Henry Stiner, who undertook some investigat. ion into this matter on his own initiative. This raises the question: How is it possible that Mr. Stiner, 9
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with his limited educational background and lack of metallurgical expertise hp-
/4/, apparently understood this particular matter better than Appifcants' expert metallurgist? How is it that Mr. Stiner was concerned enough to check the code to see what the actual facts were, whereas Applicants were not (the alternative to this would be that Applicants knew what the codes i
stated and deliberately attempted to mislead the Board, a possibility which is even more alarming)? CASE does not want to get into the motivations of Applicants regarding this; however, in'one manner of speaking, it does not matter -- the damage is just as great to Applicants, whether the problem is credibility or competence.
Page 65 of Board's Memorandum, first full paragraph, re: difficulty and/or impossibility of welding over unacceptable slag deposits:
With further reference to CASE's 3/16/85 Supplement, at pages 24 and 25, regarding Mr. Baker's testimony at Tr. 10021/19-10022/2 that "We welded on it continuously for 37 minutes, stopping only long enough to change electrodes": For completeness of the record, it should be noted that at Tr.
10025/5-12, Mr. Baker (in response to a leading question by Mr. Reynolds) stated that they did clean the weld.
(It should also be noted, however, i
f that if this were the case, then Applicants' test was not representative of the worst-case conditions which would have been necessary to simulate the i
j conditions discussed by Mr. Stiner at Tr. 10591-10594.)
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/4/ See Tr. 10774/1-10779/6, 11047/1-14, 11054/1-11555/22. See also Board's Memorandum at page 5, first full paragraph.
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As mentioned previously, CASE will be filing additional information (some of which we believe will be new and significant), but we thought these were especially important to get into the hands of the Board right away.
1 Respectfully submitted,
(
26,5)
J LJ
[ CASE (CitizensAssociationforSound Mfs.) Juanita Ellis, President
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Energy) 1426 S. Polk Dallas, Texas 75224 214/946-9446 S
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- AWS D1.1-75 O
4 Structural Welding Code
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AMERICAN WELDING SOCIETY, INC.
2501 N.W. 7th Street, Miami, Fla. 33125
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Terms and Definitions l155
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faying surface. That surface of a member which is in heat-effected zone. That portion of the base metal contact or in close proximity with another mem--
which has not been melted but whose mechanical ber to which it is to be joined.
properties or microstructure have been altered by -
Aller metal. The metal to be added in making a weld.
the heat of welding. brazing, soldering or cutting.
_ ed. brazed. or soldered joint. See electrode, welding horizontal fixed position.
md, backing filler metal, brazing filler metal, diffu-pipe welding - The position of a pipe joint son aid, and solder m AWS A3.0.
wherein the axis of the pipe is approximately flat position. The positionpf welding wherein welding horizontal and the pipe is not rotated during is performed from the. upper side of the joint and welding. See Figs. 5.8.la. 5.8.Ib. and 5.8.1.2.
the face of the weld is approximately horizontal.
g;,g Aux cored are welding (FCAW1. An arc welding filler wc/d - The position of welding wherein process wherein coalescence is produced by heat-welding is performed on the upper side of an ap-i ing with an arc between a continuous filler metal proximately horizontal surface and aFainst an (consumable) electrode and the work. Shielding is approximately vertical surface. See Figs. 5.8.la, obtained from a flux contained within the elec-5.8.lb, and 5.8.1.3.
trode. Additional shielding may or may not be ob-groove wc/d-The position of welding wherein tained from an externally supplied gas or gas mix-the axis of the weld lies in an approximately ture.-
horizontal plane and the face of the weld lies in an approximately vertical plane. See Figs.
- fusion type discontinuity. Signifies slag inclusion, in-5.8.la, 5.8.lb. and 5.8.1.1.
complete fusion. incomplete joint penetration, and similar discontinuities associated with fusion.
horizontal rolled position.
fusion. The melting together of filler metal and base pipe wc/ ding - The position of a pipe joirgt metal. or of base metal only, which results in wherem weldmg is performed in the flat post-coalescence. See Depth of Fusion.
[g"IfI t ng the pipe. See Figs. 5.8.la, and 5.
fusion zone. The area of base metal melted as de-horizontal reference line (UT). A horizontalline near termined on the cross section of a weld.
the center of the ultrasonic test instrument scope to which all echoes are adjusted for db reading.
g
- hot spot strain trubular structure). The cyclic total range of strain which would be measured at the gas metal are welding (GMAW). An are welding point of highest stress concentration in a welded process wherein coalescence is produced by heat.
connection. When measuring hot spot strain, the ing with an arc between a continuous filler metal stram gage should be sufficiently small to avoid (consumabic) electrode and the work. Shielding is averaging high and low strains in the regions of obtained entirely from an externally supplied gas, steep gradients.
or gas mixture. Some methods of this process are called mig or CO, welding.
g gas pocket. A cavity caused by entrapped gas.
souging. The forming of a bevel or groove by material indiention (UT). The signal displayed on the oscil.
removal. See also back gouging, are gouging, ox, loscope sigmfying the presence of a sound wave ygen gouging.
reflector in the part bemg tested.
groove angle. The total included angle of the groove I"diC8'I'" I"el (UT). The calibrated gain or at.
between parts to be joined by a groove weld.
tenuation control reading obtained from a refer-ence line height indication from a discontinuity.
- groove angle, 4 (tubular structures). The angle between opposing faces of the groove to be filled indication rating ('JT). The decibel reading in relation with weld metal, determined after the joint is fitted to the zero reference level after having been cor-rected for sourgd attenuation.
t up.
. groove face. That surface of a member included in the inert-gas metal-are welding. See preferred term gas groove.
metal are welding, groove weld. A weld made in the groove between two intermittent weld. A weld wherein the continuity of the members to be joined.
weld is broken by recurring unwelded spaces.
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AMERICAf4 WELDING SOCIETY.INC.
2501 N.W. 7th Streat, Miami, Fla. 33125
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Plug andSloe it' elds
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4 4.27.9 Acceptance. For a manufacturer's stud twe armi are Stud diam shield combination to be qualified, each stud of each gruup
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f ijs4 of 30 studs shall, by test or retest, meet the requirements prescribed in 4.27.7. Qualification of a given diameter of j
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&d Pipe ometry, matenal, flux, and are shield.
g 7 q for tire of stud 4.27.10 hfanufacturer's Qualification Test Data. The data shallinclude the fo!!owing.
n 4.27.10.1 Drawings that show shapes and dimensions e 7 2
with tolerances of studs, are shields, and,if used, sheet
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.d 4.27.10.2 A complete description of materials used in s
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4.27.6.2 Thirty test specimens shall be welded consec-4.28 Plug Welds
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The technique used to make plug welds when using
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shielded metal arc welding, Fas metal are w elding(except 4.27.7 Tests short-circuiting transfer), and flux cored arc welding pro.
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4.27.7.1 Tension Tests. Ten of the specimens welded cesses shall be as follows.
in accordance with 4.27.6.1 and ten in accordance with 4.27.6.2 shall be subjected to a tension test in a fixture 4.28.1 For welds to be made in the flat position, each sumlar to that shown in Fig. 4.23.2, except that studs shall be deposited around the root of thejoint and then de.
without heads may be gripped on the unwelded end in the posited along a spiral path to the center of the hole, fusing jaws of the tension testing machtne. A stud base shall be and depositing a layer of weld metal in the root and bot.
tom of the joint. The are is then carried to the periphery consdered as qualified if all test specimens have a tensile equal to or above the nununum specified in of the hole and the procedure repeated, fusing and de.
p sit ng successive layers to fill the hole to the required n
4.27'7.'2 Bend Tests. Twenty of the specimens welded depth.The slag covenng the weld metal should be kept
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m lien until the weld is finished. If the are is broken or in accordance with 4.27.6.1 and twenty in accordance w iththe slag is allowed to cool, the slag must be cornpletely 4.27.6.2 shall be bend-tested by being bent ahernately 30 deg from their original axes in opposite directions until fail.
emoved before restarting,the weld.
ure occurs. Studs shall be bent in a bend-testing device as 4.28.2 For welds to be made in the vertical position, the shown in Fig. 4.27.7.2A, except that studs less than 1/2 in. arc is staned at the root of the joint, at the lower side of (12.7 mm) diam, optionally, may be bent using a device asthe hole, arid is carried upward, fusing into the face of the i
shown in Fig. 4.27.7.2B. A stud base shall be considered inner plate and to the side of the hole.The arc is stopped at as qualified if, on all test specimens, fracture occurs in the the top of the hole, the slag is cleaned off, and the process plate material or shank of the stud and not in the weld or is repeated on the opposite side of the hole. After clean.
heat affected zone.
y slag from the weld, other layers should be similarly 4.27.8 Retests, if failure occurs in a weld or heat.affected deposited to fill the hole to the required depth.
zone in any of the bend test groups of 4.27.7.2 or at less 4.28.3 For weld's to be made in the oserhead position, than the specified minimum tensile strength of the stud inthe procedure is the same as for the flat position, etcept any of the tension test groups of 4.27.7.1, a new test group that the slag should be allowed to cool and shoulJ be (specified in 4.27.6.1 or 4.27.6.2 as applicable) shall becompletely removed after depositing each successive prepared and tested. If such failures repeat, the slud base bead until the hole is filled to the required depth.
shall fail to qualify.
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.. - ;.h. C /} u,: ~ ' ~ ~. ~'._, I g Oi7f7% 1. c... .~ N :; ANSUAWS D1.1 -. ~. - 4 An American National Standard Approved by Arnerican National Standards institute February 13,1984 Structural Welding Code-Steel Eighth Edition Superwfine AWS DI.183 Prepared by AWS Structural Welding Committee Under the Direction of I AWF Technical Activitics Committee Approsed by ~ AWS Board of Directors Effectise April 1.1984 l l l l ^ \\ AMEillCAN WELDING SOCIETY,INC. 90 %.nh I eIrune Hit slumi. I I 1i126
1 Foreword in 1928 the first edition of the Code for Fuuon Weldmg and Gas Cuttmg m Hmiding Constru,1 on was published by the American Weldmg Society Smee then, mne other editions of the Code hase been published. During the latter part of July 1934, a. committee was appointed to prepare spacificanons f or the ..,sr.,. w design, construction, alternation, and repair of hi w U ntil 1963 there w cre two committees, one for ihe Buildmg Code and y,,f.f~; edition of the specifications was published in 1936, followed bysesen oth'er ' editions,, itionU.8l These two major committecs recognited the community'ofinterest m estabinhing.: betier in cl 01 uructural 2, w. /* r welding standardization in the industry and had been cooperatmg for some time. In June 1963, these two '~ i committees were abolished and the Structural We!Jmg Cori mittee w'as"organised.16e com'mittee,is t , concerned with the preparation of standards and the promulgation of sound practMi s f5r'ihelipplidation'o'I',,- /," 'w elding to the design and construction of structures. Since its organization. the commitsee has prepared Ihe,. N,4 9,c Building Code and the Bridge Specifications. 3 it The 1972 edition was prepared to cover structural welding in general, along with specific requjrements for buildings, bridges, and tubular structures. This consolidation eliminated the duplication inipresious - editions by combining the Code and the Specifications into a single document. The 1975 edition published, C l :,, revisions, errata, and editorial changes. The present edition of the Code includes additions and changes necessary to keep it current with the practices of and the requirements for structural welding. o, Sections I through 7 and i1 constitute a body of rules for the regulation of welding in steel structures. Sections 8,9 and 10 contain additional rules applicable to specific types of structures-buildings, bt'i'dg'es,. ? and tubular structures-and should be used as a supplement to the first seven sect ons. For generalstructural' i welding of statically loaded structures where'no specific hode or specification'is applicable', Serlian $"is e"',cc, [the { n,g, recommended.
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certain types of joints, have been tested by users and hase a history of satisfa Certain shielded metal arc, submerged arc, gas metal arc, and flux cored ard welding ptoce nce. These' procedures and joir.ts are designated as prequalified, may be employed without presentation of further ,'t evidence (1.3), and include most of those that are commonly used. However, the purpose'of defining ' preyualified procedures andjoints is not to prevent the use of other procedures as they are develop:d. When other procenes, procedures, orjoints are proposed, they are subject to the applicable provisions of Sections' 2,3, and 4 and shall he qualified by tests in accordance with the requirements of Section 5. In the same section, the requirements for the qualification of welders, welding operators, and tackers are also given. 'I his Code does not concern itself wit h such design considerations as the arrangement of parts, loading, and the computation of strenes for proportioning the load-carrying members of a structure and their connection Such consideratium, it is auumed, are coscred elsew here in a general code or specification such as a limidmg Code, AISC Specification for the Design, l'abrication and Erection of Structural Steel for limidings American Aoociation of State liighway and Iramportation Officials Standard Speci6 cations for liighway litidgn, American 1(ailway Engineering Anociation Specifications for Stect Railway Bridges. or other specificatiom prescribed by the owner. 1 atigue Intmg has demomtrated that any abrupt discontinuity of section and stren path is a factor ads casely allectmg ihe strength of memberuuhject to cyclic loading. Gradual rat her ihan sudden tramitions of settmm should be employed, and f or the same reason, welds in butt joints are preferable to fillet welds. In the case of ohl strutturn, material of questionable weldability ruay base been used (including u rought iron or high. strength structural ulicon or nickel stects). Accordingly,it is admable w hen making sepans to nn old strutture to nblain sampin ol the matetial and to make laboratory tests for de clopingthe propel writhng pim edure and wcId satun t mmnenti or mipniin peitaimng to ilm t ode air welcome. I hey should be addreued to Secretary, Stemtuent Weidmg Umnmitter, Ametican Weldmg Socirt),5.m N W. I c.lcune Rd., Miami. I I.411.'6. is
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r~vfe .n,..n, ; 4,s , 9.t, n, , e, .3 s .m, g, , 7. ; w.). g t .. ~ Preface ~.~ : u. The 1984 Edition of the Structural Welding Code-Steel represents the continuing AWS policy to issue the Code annually in a single bound volume. The Committee is continually striving to keep pace with advances in construction technology as well as..h with the many states and federal regulatory bodies. 'l The 1984 Code contains new provisions. revisions of current material, and some rearrangement of material from the 1983 Code. Some of the more important aspects are outlined in the following paragraphsg.. Changes in Code Requirements. Where changes have been made in old reliulreihents; a double;verticht M i,, - line appears in the margin immediately adjacent to the paragraph affected. Major editorial'cha'nges in ' " material will be indicated by a single vertical line in the margin of the paragraph affected. This style continues the style and format that has been used in previous editions of the Code. '8 Revised Tables. Eleven tables have been revised.The revised Tables are indicated by a single verticalline ~ New Tables. Several new Tables have been added w hich include new requirements or improve the clarity in the margin (the outside margin where possible). and usefulness of the current text. New Tables are indicated by a double verticalline in the margin. Revision of Prequalified Joint Detalls Figs. 2.9.1 and 2.10.1. All of the sketches and tables in Figs.- 28.1.. and 2.10.1 have been thoroughly reviewed and revised. In Fig. 2.9.1 six details have been deleted, and in Fig. '- 2.10.1 one detail has been eliminated. The dimensional tolerance text of 2.9.2 and 2.10.2 has been thoroughly revised. Also the welding symbols used on the sketches have been revised in keeping with the AWS A2.4 Symbols for Welding and Nondestructive Testing. Drawings.There are three new figures and several others have been revised. Figures of all reference blocks except the llW block have been moved to Appendix L. New figures are indicated by a double verticalline in. the margin adjacent to the figure heading. Revised Figures will be similarly indicated with a sing,lc v,c,rt,ical . - ~s .tv - I ne. Appendix Rearrangement.The ultrasonic equipment qualification forms in Appendix E. Part C have been moved to a new Appendix L. Part C.Several of these forms have been resised. Also in Appendix L a new quali6 cation and calibration of ultrasonic units with other approved reference blocks is shown in Appendix L. Part A. This resulted from the Committee's decision to move the qualification and calibration of all reference blocks other than the llW block to Appendix L. Ultrasonic equipment qualification procedure has been moved from Section 6, Part C to Appendix L. Part B. Guide for Speelfication Writers, Appendix M. A new Appendix M has been placed in the Code to cover the optional provisions available in the Code and iypical specification requirements that should be added Io contract documents when these options are speci6ed. Guidelines for Preparation of Technicallnquiries, Appendix N.These guidelines have been placed in the Code to give Code users wishing to make inquiries an explanation of the procedures that Code interpreta-tions must follow. These guidelines are for use of both the users and the Committee. Persons desiring interpretations of the Code should review these guidelines before preparing their technicalinquiries, Commentary. The Commentary on the Structural Welding Code has,been revised to reflect current interpretation of requirements in the 1984 Code. Changes are indicated by a single verticalline in the margin. The Commentary is not intended to supplement Code requirements but only to provide a useful document for interpretation and application of the Code. None of its provisions are binding. The Commentary is bound together with the 1984 Code and ihe Committee intends to follow this practice with future Codes and i to update the Commentary with each new edition of the Code. si l
WorLman.shupl39 4 mot lease reinforcement that caeceds i 32 m. Howeier, particle mspection. d>e penetrant inspection, or other all remioscemens muss be renosed = here he weld iorms equally poutne means; remmt the craeL and sound metal pari of a fa)ing or contact surface. Any reinforcement 2 ina 5011 m m) be) ond each end of the crack, and reweld. must blend smoothl) inta the plate surfaces =nh trarm-3.7.3 M embers distorted by welding shall be straightened y J tion atcas free ieom undercut. Chipping may be used by mechanical me.1ms or by carefully supervised applica-prm aled is a followed b) gnndmg. Where surface finish-ison of a limited amount oflocalized heat. The tempera-c3 a required. its roughness s alue* shall not exceed 250 ture of heated areas as measured by approved methods pin. f 6 3 um) Surf aces finahed io salues of oser 125 pin. shall not exceed 1100* F 1590* C) for quenched and 13 2 pm) through 250 pin. shall be finahed parallel to the tempered steel nor 1200* F(650* C)(a dull red color) for direction of pnmar) stress. Surfaces finished Io salues of other stects. The part to be heated for straigh*ening shall 125 pm or Icw may be finished in any direction. be substantially free of stress and from external forces.. d 3.6.3.1 Ends of buttjomts required to be flush shall be except Ihose stresses resultin'g' fro,m thew' mechanical finished soas not o reduce the width be)and thedetatted.. straightening method used in conjun'etiohAith the a ' ' 'O ' cation of heat.' oidth or the actual width furnished.w hichever is greater, 3.7.4 Prigr ap, proval of the Engineef shall b I ' akie., e,..r.'. by more than 18 in. (3 2 mm) or so as not to lease. i reinforcement at each end that exceeds l ' 8 in. (3.2 mm);as / repairs to base metal (o1fier than those lequirhd by'l.2) Ends of welds in butt joints shall be faired to adjacent repair of major or delayed cracks, repairs to ele s plate or shape edges at a slope not to exceed I in 10. and electrogas welds with internal defects, or for a 3.6.4 Welds shall be free from overlap. revised design to compensate for deficiencies. ' y 3.7.5 The Engineer shall be notiGed before improper ,. J, A i'4 fitted and welded members are cut apart. 3.7 Repairs 3.7.6 If.arter an unacceptable weld has been made, work" s '^ is performed which has rendered that weld inaccessible 3.7.1 The removal of weld metal or portions of the base or has created i.ew conditions that make correction of metal may be done by machining, grindmg. chipping
- the unacceptable weld dangerous or ineffectual, then the.
g oxygen gouging, or air carbon are gouging. It shall be original conditions shall be restored by removing welds ' ~ done m such a manner that the remaining weld metal or or members or both before the corrections afe;made. If O *' F base metal is not nicked or undercut., Oxygen gouging,..
- this is not dong, the d'efic'iency shall be*dordpennted f"oru O
shall not be used m, quenched and tempered steel. Unac. by additional' work performed accordingio an approsed" ceptable portions of the weld shall be remosed without revised design. 4' substantial removal of the base metal. Additional weld 3.7.7 Welded Restorata,., of Material with hiislocatede metal to compensate for any deficiency in size shall be lloles. Except where restoren by welding is necessary ' deposited using an ciectrode preferably smaller than that for structural or other reasons, punched or drilled mislo; used for making the original weld, and preferably not cated holes may be left open or filled with 1 olts. When' 2 more than 5/ 32 in. (4.0 mm) in diameter. The surfaces base metal with mistocated holes'iirestned byiwelding. shall be cleaned thoroughly before welding. the following requirements apply: 3.7.2 The contractor has the option of either repairing an (1) Base metal not subjected to dynamic tensite. stress ~ unacceptable weld or removing and replacing the entire may be restored by welding prosided JIMonjrdetp'r weld, except as modified by 3.7.4. The repaired or prepares and follow s a repair welding p'rocedure speciti-replaced weld shall be retested by the method originally cation. The repair w eld soundness shall be s crified by the used, and the same technique and quality acceptance appropriate nondestructise tests, when such tests are criteria shall be applied. If the contractor elects io repair specified in the contract documents for grome welds the weld,it shall be corrected as follows: subject to compression or temion streu. 3.7.2.1 Overlap or Excessive Consesity, itemove (2) llase material subject to dynamie temile sticu msy excen weld metal-be restored by welding provided: 3.7.2.2 Exceulve Conensity of Weld or Crater Under* la) I he Engineer apprm es repair by wcIding and the sl e Welds. Undercutting, l'repare surfaces (see 3.11) welding repair procedure specineation; (b) l'he welding repair procedure speci6 cation is and depmit additional weld metal-3.7.2.3 Excessive Weld Pormity, Excenive Sla g Inclu-followed in the work and the soundnen of the restored slom. Incomplete ilusion itemove unacceptable por-material is serdied by the NI)I method (s) speci6ed m tiom ince ).7.1) and reweld. the contract documents for esamination of termon 3,7.2.4 Cracke ln Weld or Rue Metal. Ascertain the groove welds or as apprmed by the Engineer. essent of the crack by u e of acid etching, ningnetic (3) ln addition to ihe requirements of( ll and t h. w hen g holes ir Q & l'stech are restored h> weldmg: y (a) Appropriate filler metal. heat input,and post wcid heat treatment twhen PWilI is required) shall be used t A%l 1l461. Surf ace Icature, in microinches (um )
de C oa t w.wiens. (b) \\amph Mbi$n s)ha!! he IEbenhe uteAg same DdJang eggggggtge$ 6,me ihg gewgynitte el hoendntisaks sgt irgiefgg rePa'8 Peacedvet specification % chard pu. ate *bte not be psamesid until attes mehling has Ic) Radiographes lesteng 08 he umpee wus shu bwa sumparted aW the =eu wreint setd) that wid soundness coalo# sets to the requies somenes of 9 25 21. Id) One reduced occuon tenule int I wkl seict.:u.o 3.12 Weld Terivninatiori side bend tests (wkt metal) and three Charp> V. notch (CVN) impact iesti of the heat affetted a,oac (ioarse, 3.31.3,w cido shall be artminanni at ihe end of aYiunt in ab U.' grained area) removed it,orn sampid weldishall be used [mapsice that,willceduriIouril Widu% hen to demonstrate that the mechanical properten of the sar). thn shall be Jdne M use hl'esten'anin*NaYand I',e - 0ejh. ~j'. repaired area conform to the specified requiremeats of ' runoff plates ,A-the parent material. required b(the. :,y'N "N "*""E ' "I #"" '" * "#' (4) Weld surfaces shall be finnhed as specified m 3 6.1 plates need not be remmed unM'"". ' *e at en ' ; ;.a Engmece. 3.12.31n bruise consiructmn.eitensi2 badnd rEfi. 3.8 Peening plates shall be remmed upon completion and cooyn'g'of.. 3.8.1 Peening may be used on intermediate weld lasers the weld, and the ends of the weld shan b*e pade smooth, for control of shrinkage stresses in thick w elds to pre { ent and flush with the edges of abutting parts. t$ cracking. No peening shall be done on the root or surface layer of the weld or the base metal at the edges of the weld 3.13 Groove Weid Backing,L.f. 4 i, ". except as provided in 10.7.5(3). Care should be taken to .,' 5. ; prevent overlapping or cracking of the weld or base 3.13.1 Groove welds made with the ust of steel backing metal. . shall have thegweld metal thoroughly fusedgw'ith the '. I *" d ' ' i.W d" W' 3.8.2 The use of manual slag hammers. chisels, and.i backing.
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t* ll ~... g #.*. - e lightweight vibrating tools for the removal of slag and 3.13.2 Steel backing shall be made continuobs for the full, spatter is permitted and is not considered peening. length of the weld. All necessaryjoints in the steel ba'ck'. ing shall be complete joint penetration welds in, butt / .l. joints meeting all the workmanship requir'eme Ats o'f SecO, vi ' 3.9 Caulking tion 3 of this Code. .,, :. t.... Caulking of welds shall not be permitted. 3.13.3 Backing Thickness. The suggested minimum nominal thickness of backing bars. provided that the-1 backing shall be of sufficient thickness to prevent melt-3.10 Arc Strikes thru, is show n in the following table: Thicknes's, mi:n Arc strikes outside the area of perraanent welds should Process n m. mm be avoided on any base metal. Cracks or blemnhes SMAW 3 16 i 4.8 - caused by arc strikes shall be ground to a smooth con-GMAW l 4 ' 6.4 tour and checked to emurc soundness. FCAW (without gas shielding) l4 6.4 I CAW (with gas shic! ding) 38 9.5 S^* 38 '5 3.11 Weld Cleaning 3.13.4 Drldge Structures. On bridge structures. steel 3.11.1 In. process (leaning, llelote welding over pre-backmg of welds that ate trannerse to the dirwtion of vomily depnuted metal, allilag shallbe temmed and Ihe computed stresuhall be remm ed and the tomtuhall be weld and adiarent base incial shall be bitnhed clean ground or finnhed smooth. Steel backing et welds that Ihn erymiement shallupply non imly to surreunc lap nee parallet to the ihies tion oi sticu or are not subica to rei hut alw to suircune heads and to the stater asca computed streu nced not be nemmed. unleu wpceitint when urkhng n ersumed after an) intersuptmn it shall by the I:ngmeet. emt, honnes, restent the wehhng of plug and slot welds Whete the steel bxkmg ol icngitu Imal welds m in anotilante with 4 !! and 4 22 bndpe situnutes n esternath atiuhnt tothe bair metal M nMing. tush yie!Jmg shall be contmumn toe the t il 3 (leaning of ( nmpleted Melds. Slag shall be length of the bakmg g semmed loom all completed melds and the wehl anil aillaient bair metal shalli ilsantilin in unh.ng os othes .).l.).3 Itulldings and 1uhular Struttures. Neel1 si " s k imiehir me.n lighets adherent tralles semammg altre of wehti used m bmt.hngs on tubulai stininoes need nd the eltamng opes atmn u atiertable imless iti temm al n be umoted. unten seqmini bs the i ngmcri
\\ L Appendix f/227 I flat position.The welding position used to weld from the horizontal fixed position (pipe welding).The position of upper side of the joint and the face of the weld is a pipe joint in which the axis of the pipe is approxi-J approximately horizontal. mately horizontal, and the pipe is not rotated during welding. See Figs. 5.8.1 A. 5.8.1B and 5.8.1.2. flus cored are welding (FCAW). An are welding process which produces coalescence of metals by heating *
- horizontal position.
i them with an arc between a continuous filler. metal fillet weld. The position in which welding.is per-(consumable) electrode and the work. Shielding is formed on the upper side of an approximatV!y horizes.t provided by a flux contained within the tubular elec-ontal surface and against an approximately3ertical trode. Additional shielding may or may not be ob-surface. See Figs. 5.8.l A. 5.8.18. and 5.8.1.3. tained from an externally supplied gas or gas mixture. groove weld. The position of weiding in which the axis of the weld lies in an approximately horizontal fusion. The melting together of filler metal and base P ane and the face of the weld lies in an approximately l metal (substrate), or the melting of base metal only. vertical plane. See Figs. 5.8.1 A. 5.8.lB and 5.8.1.1. which results in coalescence. See depth of fusion. horizontai referenceline(UT). A horizontalline ncar the Cfusion type discontinuity. Signifies slag inclusion, center of the ultrasonic test instrument scope to which incomplete fusion,incompletejoint penetration, and all echoes'are adjusted for dB reading. similar discontinuities associated with fusion. . );*
- o fusion zone.The area of base metal melted as determined horizontat rolled position (pipe welding).The position of A rig 4 a pipe joint in which the axis of the pipeis approx @d > c on the cross section of a weld.
m,ately horizontal, and welding is performed in the, g-3 t.. * ' flat position by rotating the pipe. See Figf: 5:8.lp'. D it '. 5.8.1 B and 5.8.1.2,..r',,. of.M k f @ C.; i.a O .hotIpot,'s'Esin '(tubufar sti ekures);, i yciic'th:al(
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gas metal are welding (GS1 AW). An are welding process t. t which produces coalescence of metah.by heating .., -ange of strairi whic'h would be measured at thFpomt b.. them with an are between a continuous filler metal of highest stress concentration in a welded connee f' ~. (consumable) electrode and thd hork. Shieldmg is tion. When measuring hot spot strain.the strain gage h obtamed entirely from an externally supplied gas or shouW be sufficiently small to avoid averaging high F gas mixture. Some variations of this process are called and low strains in the regions of steep gradients. nbl.- mig or CO welding (nonpreferred terms). 'l .v,Cn}d :f. gas metal are welding-short circuit are (GM AW.S). A S: gas metal arc wc! ding process variation in which the ' c consumable electrode is deposited during repeated,,,, ,,.'. ; f,.,.. sl.,,,,i p q 7 i -i. short circuits. Sometimes this process is referred to as ' i MIG or CO welding (nonpreferred terms). [,' mage quality indientor (lQl) A device w htise image m a radiograph is used to determine radmgraphie qual. 2
- gas pocket. A cavity caused by entrapped gas.
ity lesel. It is not intended for use in judging the stic "Of.I"'. establishing acceptance limits of dis-gouging.The forming of a bevel or groove by material contmunies. removal. See also back gouging, are gouging, and q, gouging. Indication (UT).T he signal displa) ed on ihe meilloscope signifying the presence of a sound wase tellector m groove angle. t he total included angle of the groove the part bemg tested. between parts to be joined by a groove weld. Indiention level (t!T). l'he calibrated gain or attenuation
- groote angle. H (tubular struttures).The ang!c betw een control readmg obtained for a reference hne height oppming faces of the groove to be filled w.th weld indiention from a discontmu ty.
metah, determined after the jhint is fitted up. groove face.~lhal surface of a member included in the indication rating (UT).'t he decibel readmg m telation to the tero referenee les cl nt'ter harmg been corrected for gro m e. sound attenuation. groove weld. A weld made in the grome between two inert gas metal are welding.See preferred term gas metal members to be joined, are welding. H Intermittent weld. A weld in which the contmuity is broken by recurtmg unwelded ipaces, heat.affected one.That portion ofIhe base metalwhich h has not heen melted. hut w hme mechanical properties Interpass temperature. In a multiple. pan weld, the or miermtructure have been altered by the heat of temperature (miminum or maumum as specifiedi of w eldmg. brating. soldermg. or cutting. the depouted weld before the nest pau o started
l f Commentary on Structural Welding {.iCode.w},s;:g'N(?j g, 's
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~. WorkmensMp/273 due cogensasse should be sahen at the deits i dage of ihe p g eWcr elonpied boat-shaped cavity completely removsag Ihe teroperary backing on the second side, and elfees of a=st on the abably ao erect the strucsure, the size cosapiese by weldmg using the stringer bead technique. ofIhe etsament, and Ihe use of connectaan detaals that will accommodass Imist. 3.s.s.7 The combia.d warpsse and tih (.u to the 3.10 Arc Strikes flange of welded beams and girders is unessund as shoe n Are strikes resuh in heating and very rapid cooling. in Fig C3.S.I.7. In the Committeet judgement, this When located outside the intended weld area, they may tolerance is easice to uw than the ASTM A6 specinca. result in hardening or localized eracking. and may serse tion ersteria, although both sets of tolerances are in as potential sites fer initiating fracture. reasonable agreement. 3.11 Weld Cleaning 3.6 Weld Profiles The removal of slag from a deposited weld bead is 3.6.1 The 1932 edition changed the fillet weld convexity mandatory to prevent the inclusion of the slag in any '.',p* requirements in such a way that the maximum convexity following bead and to allow for visual inspection.' Y M weld. but also to the width of an individual bead on the 3.12 Weld Termiriation,.N ** h.' ' Oft.? Y formula applies not only to the total face width of the face of a multipass weld. This was done to eliminate the t,, t - t. g,,. possibility of accepting a narrow "ropey" bead on the The termination, start or stop, of a groove we!d tends. > 'b.- face of an otherwise acceptabl: weld. The new formula, to have more discontinuities than are gen'erativ found w hich is based on the" width of face." provides the same elsewhere in the weld. This is due to the mecha'nism of convexity requirement as the previous formula which starting and stopping the arc. Hence, run-off plates or T was based on " leg s,ze." extension bars should be used to place these zones out-i side the finished, functional weld where they can be i removed as required by 3.12.2 or 3.12.3. Run-off plates will also help maintain the full cross section of the weld 3.7 Repairs throughout its specified length. It is important that they be installed in a manner that will prevent cracks from 3.7.2 The Code permits the contractors at their option. forming in the area where the run off plate is joined to to either repair or remove and replace an unacceptable weld. It is not the intent of the Code to give the lnspector .. 5 F,..) f./j,f. 7 ; 4)i (,,, the member. I authority to specify the mode of correction. 3.13 Groove Weld Bacidngs:,, ', x 1.,, " 3.7.3 Application of localized heat is permitted for straightening members; ho hever, this must be done care-All prequalified complete jomt penetration Froose ' fully so as not to esceed temperature limitations that welds made from one side only, except as, permitted for would adversely affect the properties of the steel. tubular structures are required to have complete fuuon Quenched and tempered steels should not be heated of the weld metal with a steel backing. Other bacLing. above 1100' F (595' C) because deterioration of me, such as listed in footnote 6 of 3.3.1 may be used. il chanical properties may possibly result from the forma, qualified in accordance with 5.2. When steel backing is tion of an undesirable microstructure when cooled to used. it shall be continuous for the entire length of the room temperature. Other steels should not be heated weld (see 3.13.2). When not continuous, the unucided above 1200* F (650' C) to avoid the possibdity of unde, butt joint of the backing will act as a stress raiser that eirable transformation products or grain coarsening, or may initiate cracking.
- both, 3.13.2 It is imperative that steel backing be continuous 3.7.7 Restoration of Unacceptable Holes by Welding.
for the fulliength of the wcid. Experience has show n that The technique for making plug welds set forth in 4.28 of a tightly fitted. but unwelded square butt jomt in steel this Code is not satisfactory for restoring the entire backing constitutes a severe notch that potentiall.s leads crossection of the base metal at mislocated holes. Plug to transvene cracks in the w eld. Such cracks w ill m most welds are intended to transmit shear from one plane cases propagate into the base metal. surface to another and not to develop the full cross section of the hole. One method of restoring unaccepta. 3.13.5 Steel backing transverse to apphed siren forms a W holes is to fill one. half the depth or less with steel point of stress concentration and may be a source of backing of the rame material specification as the base fatigue crack initi*ation in cychc loaded st ruct ures T here-metal gouge an clongated boat. shaped cavity down to fore, the provisions of 3.13.4 require the remmal of the backing, ther. fill the cavily by welding using the backing that is transverse to the direction of computed attinger bead Ischnique. After the first side is welded, strtss in bridges.
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'..t, t 'a 4. AWS Committee on Definitions and Symtvis ,,,l...', l Und:, ii.e Direction of ~ ' e ! " ', AWS Technical Activitics Committee i-Apprmed by AWS Iloard of ihrectors. August 15.1979 l AMERIC AN WEL. DING BOCIET Y 2till N W 7th.% tent. Miami. l l.1112%
gas welding-high pulse current 13 tungsten are welding process variation in which the gun. See preferred tenus are we! ding gun. clectrun current is pulsed. See also pulsed power welding, beam gun, resistance welding gun, soldering gun. and thermal spinying gun. I gas weldm.g. See preferred term ox) fuel gas welding gun extension (thermal spraymgt the estensam tube (OFW). attached in front of the thenaal spraying device to globular transfer (are weldm.g). De transfer of molten permit spraying with.m contined areas or deep recesses. metal from a consumable electn>de across the are.m large droplets. (See Fig. 32A.) gouging. The forming of a bevel or groove by material removal. See also back gouging. are gouging, and y I1 oxy gen gouging. hammer welding. See preferred temw forge welding and grudated conting. A therm.d sprayed deposit composed of mised materials in succes ive layers which progres. cold welding. sively change in composition from the constituent mate. hand shield. A protective device, used in are weldm.g.for g J. l iali$f the substrate to the surface of the sprayed deposit. shielding the eyes, face, and neck. A hand shfehr l*s ,*r.# c equipped with a suitable filter plate and is designed 15 6 ' *'l grit. See prefer red term uhrasive, he held by hand. l. n.. s grinne. An olvning or channel.m the surface of.a part or hardfacing. A particular form of surfacing in which a tytween twn components w hich provides space to con, coating or cladding is applied :o a substrate for the main * ' tam a wehl purpm.e ol reducing wear or loss of, material by abra; / grmne und rntury roughening ithermal spraying). A ion, impm. emsion galling, and c n station. See cost ' 'd ' 8 s-meth.sl s.1 surlace soughemng m whish grooves are ing. eladding. and surfacing. b,1,ip p., enade an.1 the ongmal sustate souphened and spread. hard solder. A term erroneou ly used to denote silver. 'r
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,.,.ts - ss N ASME ASME Boiler, E, an Ame canNati na S and rd welding and brazing qualifications
ge g ss O [ CBT 025300 Y77523857 ASME BOILER AND PRESS' R 621.1545 N0005112 067 An American Nation: A512A Anta S0C Or MECHANICAL ENGINEER 1974-9 ASnE BOILER AND LS-SS PRESSURE VESSEL COD DALLAS PUBLIC LIBRARY SECTIO'_, - BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY Quali3 cation Stancard For Welcing And Brazin'g Procedures, Welders, Brazers, And We ding And Brazing Operators 1974 EDITION July 1,1974 Public Library DEC -51977 Dallas Public Library Dallas, Texas DEC 41974 Order Department c ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL COMMITTEE SUBCOMMIITEE ON WELDING THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS UNITED ENGINEERING CENTER 345 EAST FORTY-SEVENTH STREET, NEW YORK, N.Y.10017 3
i QW-492 SECTION IX - PART QW WELDING hrt obtained from a concentrated beam composed Square Groove Weld primarily of high velocity electrons impinging upon Single-Vee Groove Weld th; surfaces to bejoined. Single Bevel Groove Weld ELECTROSIAG IVELDING(ESIV)-A welding Single U Groove Weld process wherein coalescence is produced by molten Single-J Groove Weld slag which melts the filler metal and the surfaces of Double-Vee Groove Weld th; work to be welded. The weld pool is shielded by Double-Bevel Groove Weld this slag which moves along the full cross-section of Double-U Groove Weld th; joint as welding progresses.The conductive slag is Double-J Groove Weld mcintained molten by its resistance to electric current HEAT AFFECTED ZONE-That portion of the pr ssing between the electrode and the work. base metal which has not been melted, but whose Consumable Guide Electroslag Irelding-A me-mechanical properties or microstructures have been thod of electroslag welding wherein filler metal is altered by the heat of welding or cutting. supplied by an electrode and its' guiding member. INDUCTION IVELDING (llVJ-A welding proc-FILLER.ifETA L-Metal to be added in making a ess wherein coalescence is produced by the heat w;ld. obtained from resistance of the work to the flow of FILLET IVELD-A weld of approximately tri-induced electric current, with or without the ap-angular cross section joining two surfaces ap-plication of pressure. pt::ximately at right angles to each other in a lap joint. INTERPASS TE.t/PERATURE-In a multiple-te2 joint,or cornerjoint. pass weld, the temperature (minimum or maximum as FORGE IVELDING f FOlVI-A solid state welding specified) of the deposited weld metal before the next process wherein coalescence is produced by heating pass is started. and by applying pressure or blows sufficient to cause JOINT PENETRA TION-The minimum depth a permanent deformation of theinterface. groove weld extends from its face into a joint, FULL FILLET IVELD-A fillet weld whose size is exclusive of reinforcement. equal to the thickness of the thinner memberjoined. IJP JOINT-A joint between two overlapping FUSION-The melting together of filler metal and members. base metal, or of base metal only, which results in .t/ACHINE IVELDING-Welding with equip-coilescence. ment which performs the welding operation under GAS META L-A RC IVELDING(G.t/A IVI-An arc the observation and control of an operator. The i welding process wherein coalescence is produced by equipment may or may not perform the loading and hnting with an electric arc between a filler metal unloadingof thework. (consumable) electrode and the work. Shielding is M.INUAL IVELDING-Welding wherein the en-obtained from a gas, a gas mixture (which may tire welding operation is perfo:med and controlled by contain an inert gas) or a mixture of a gas and a flux. hand. (This process has sometimes been called MIG OVERLAP-Protrusion of weld metal beyond the Welding.) toe or root of the weld. GAS TUNGSTEN-A RC IVELDING (GTA IV) OXYACETYLENE IVELDING (OAiV)-A gas -An are welding process wherein coalescence is welding process wherein coalescence is produced by produced by heating with an arc between a single heating with a gas flame or flames obtained from the tungsten (nonconsumable) electrode and the work. combustion of acetylene with oxygen.with or without Shielding is obtained from a gas or gas mixture. the application of pressure and with or without the use Pressure may or may not be used and filler metal may of filler metal. or may not be used. (This process has sometimes been OXYGEN CUTTING-A group of cutting proc-l called TIG Welding.) esses wherein the severing or removing of metals is GAS IVELDING (FGIV)-A group of welding cffected by means of the chemical reaction of oxygen processes wherein coalescence is produced by heating with the base metal at elevated temperatures. In the with a gas flame or flames with or without the case of oxidation-resistant metals, the reaction is application of pressure and with or without the use of facilitated by use of a chemical flux or metal powder. l filler metal. OXYHYDROGEN IVELDING (OHIV)-A gas GROOVE IPELD-A weld made in the groove wekling process wherein coalescence is produced by between two members to be joined. The standard heating with a gas flame or flames obtained from types of groove weld are as follows: combustion of hydrogen with oxygen, without the ~ 492
r e..e. b.A.ifE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ' '5 $l QO BEFORE THE ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD If ~ ~ h' " X Le In the Matter of }{ 3d }{ TEXAS UTILITIES ELECTRIC }{ Docket Nos. 50-445-1 COMPANY, ei aj.. }{ and 50-446-1 (Comanche Peak Steam Electric }{ Station, Units 1 and 2) }{ CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE By my signature below, I hereby certify that true and correct copies of CASE's 3/19/85 Supplement to CASE's 1/7/85 Motion for Reconsideration of Board's 12/18/84 Memorandum (Concerning Welding Issues) (LBP-84-54) 5 have been sent to the names listed below this 19th day of March ,198 _, by: Express Mail where indicated by
- and First Class Mail elsewhere.
- Administrative Judge Peter B. Bloch
- Nicholas S. Reynolds, Esq.
U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Bishop, Liberman, Cook, Purcell 4350 East / West Highway, 4th Floor & Reynolds Bethesda, Maryland 20814 1200 - 17th St., N. W.
- Judge Elizabeth B. Johnson Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Geary S. Mizuno, Esq.
P. 0. Box X, Building 3500 Office of Executive Legal Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 Director U. 3.. Nuclear Regulatory
- Dr. Kenneth A. McCollon, Dean Commission Division of Engineering, Maryland National Bank Bldg.
Architecture and Technology - Room 10105 Oklahoma State University 7735 Old Georgetown Road Stillwater, Oklahoma 74074 Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- Dr. Walter H. Jordan Chairman, Atomic Safety and Licensing 881 W. Outer Drive Board Panel Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D. C.
20555 O h l
'saoo Chairman Renea Hicks, Esq. Atomic Safety and Licensing Appeal Assistant Attorney General Board Panel Enviranmental Protection Division U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Supreme Court Building Washington, D. C. 20555 Austin, Texas 78711 Mr. Robert Martin Anthony Z. Roisman, Esq. Regional Administrator, Region IV Trial Lawyers for Public Justice U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 2000 P Street, N. W., Suite 611 611 Ryan Plaza Dr., Suite 1000 Washington, D. C. 20036 Arlington, Texas 76011 Mr. Owen S. Merrill Lanny A. Sinkin Staff Engineer-3022 Porter St., N. W., #304 Advisory Committee for Reactor Washington, D. C. 20008 Safeguards (MS E-1016) U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Comcission Washington, D. C. 20555 Dr. David H. Boltz 2012 S. Polk Dallas, Texas 75224 ' Michael D. Spence, President Texas Utilities Generating Company Skyway Tower 400 North Olive St., L.B. 81 Dallas, Texas 75201 Docketing and Service Section (3 copies) ' Office of the Secretary U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D. C. 20535 klO de ~.s.) Juanita Ellis, President ASE (Citizens Association for Sound Energy) 1426 S. Polk Dallas, Texas-75224 l 214/946-9446 2}}