ML20102C116

316(b),Demonstration for VC Summer Nuclear Station for South Carolina Dept of Health & Environ Control & Nrc

ML20102C116
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Site:	Summer
Issue date:	03/31/1985
From:	DAMES & MOORE
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ML20102C113	List: ML20102C112 ML20102C116
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RTR-NUREG-1437 5182-108-09, 5182-108-9, AR, NUDOCS 8503050256
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g 316(b) DEMONSTRATION FOR THE g

VIRGIL C. SUMMER NUCLEAR STATION FOR THE SOUTH CAROLINA DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIRONMEKIAL CONTROL AND THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION MARCH 1985 I

Dames & Moore e

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES................................................

ii LIST OF FIGURES...............................................

iii INTRODUCTION..................................................

1 OBJECTIVES OF THIS 316(b) DEMONSTRATION..................

1 STUDY APPROACH...........................................

1 V.C. SUMMER GENERATING STATION DESCRIPTION....................

4 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING.........................................

6 IMPINGEMENT...................................................

7 RESULTS..................................................

7 INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS..............................

10 AVAILABLE FISH COMMUNITY.................................

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IMPACTS OF IMPINGEMENT ON THE ADULT FISH COMMUNITY.......

14 ENTRAINMENT...................................................

16 INTRODUCTION.............................................

16 STUDY APPROACH...........................................

17 STUDY RESULTS............................................

17 DISCUSSION...............................................

20 CONCLUSIONS..............................................

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SUMMARY

25 26 REFERENCES....................................................

APPENDIX A - SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR LARVAL AND ADULT FISH....

A-1 APPENDIX B - AVERAGE INTAXE AND DISCHARGE TEMPERATURES, AVERAGE FLOW, AND GROSS THERMAL POWER............

B-1 APPENDIX C - ORGANISMS IMPINGED AT Tile V.C. CUtLMER NUCLEAR STATION I NTAKE S C REENS...........................

C-1 APPENDIX D - ECOLOGICAL SUMMARIES OF IMPORTANT FISil SPECIES D-1 APPENDIX E - LIFE HISTORY INFORMATION OF IMPINGED FISH........

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I LIST OF TABLES I

Table

Page, 1

Standing Crop of Fish in Monticello Reservoir 29 2

Fish species collected at Station M by electro-30 fishing and gi11 netting 3

3 Mean Density of Larval Fish (no./100 m ) at 31 stations in Monticello Reservoir 3

4 Mean monthly densities of larval fish (no/100 m )

32 at stations in Monticello Reservoir 5

A comparison of larval fish mean densities at 38 Stations I, L, and M for the dates indicated I

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LIST OF FIGURES I

Figure Pg 1

Collecting Stations 39 2

Intake Structures 40 3

Plant Layout of Monticello Reservoir 41 4

Total Number of Fish Collected During the Study 42 Period.

5 Species of fish, including percent occurrence and 43 weight, collected during the study.

6 Number and length of fish impinged during October 44 1983 through September 1984. Four species are presented.

7 Impingement of gizzard shad by month.

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Impingement of yellow perch by month.

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Impingement of white catfish by month.

47 10 Impingement of bluegill by month.

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INTRODUCTION I

OBJECTIVES OF THIS 316(b) DEMONSTRATION I

Sectica 316(b) of the " Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments o f 19 72" (P.L.92-500) requires that the " location, design, construc-I tion, and capacity of cooling water intake structures re flect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environmental impact" (USEPA, 1977).

What constitutes "best technology available," however, must necessarily be determined on a case-by-case basis, since environ-mental conditions and plant operating characteristics vary widely from location to location and combine uniquely to create different tech-nological requirements at any one site.

For new power plants, design studies and ecological assessments are used to provide direction as to the best intake technology for that site, and constitute the demonstra-tion required under 316(b).

The Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Station (VCSNS) was designed and built by South Carolina Electric & Gas (SCE5G).

The plant began operation as it relates January 1,1983 for purposes of regulatory requirements to the studies described herein.

This was af ter the 1972 enactment of P.L.92-500.

The objectives of this demonstration are to obtain sufficient information on the VCSNS intake structure; determine the re lationship of facility operation with the fish community, and I

determine whether the technology selected by SCE&G constitutes the best technology available for minimizing adverse impacts.

STUDY AP/ROACil I

The detailed impact assessment of the water body associated with the VCSNS and its biological communities, uses an evaluative approach combining quantitative data with qualit at ive observations and interpretations.

The aquat ic system under investigation is the 6800 I

acre Monticello Reservoir.

This water body provides the once through condenser cooling water for the Summer station, as well as power I

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generation associated with the Fairfield Pumped Storage Hydroelectric Station.

I Fish were selected as the representative biotic group for the 316(b) demonstration under conditions established in the Study Plan.

This plan is part of the requirements in the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit issued by the South Carolina Depart-ment of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC, 1978).

These organisms were selected for the following reasons:

1.

Fish are at the top of the food web.

Their abundance and diversity depend in large part, on the characteristics of the ecosystem, therefore serving as an excellent indicator of the I

reservoir's conditions.

2.

Fish are more easily studied than other aquatic biota because of their large size, and because more data are available on their life histories, i.e., preferred habitats and spawning and feeding characteristics.

I 3.

Fish are important for recreational fishing.

I Sampling of impinged organisms at the intake structure began in October 1983, and continued at two week intervals through September 1984.

The data collected on the impinged fish included the species identification, number impinged, weight, length, and incidence of parasites.

A detailed description of this methodology is described in Appendix A.

I Ichthyoplankton were collected during this same period of time at seven stations in Monticello Reservoir (Stations 1-0), to show distribution I

of larval fish in the reservoir.

Sampling of three stations (1, L, and M) were specified in the Study Plan to meet the entrainment require-ments of Section 316(b).

Station M was located in front of the VCSNS I I

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intake structure, Station I was farthest from the VCSNS and served as a control, and Station L was near the FPSF Intake (Figure 1).

The approach to impact assessment is re flected in the organization of the remaining sections of this report, as follows:

I This section describes the

• Generating Station Description plant operating data, cooling water requirement, and intake I

structure, of the VCSNS, and the environmental setting of the reservoir.

• Impingement - This section provides results and analysis of the data from fish collected at intake traveling screens.

This section provides results and analysis of

• Entrainment larval fish studies conducted at selected locations in Monticello Reservoir.

I For clarity of presentation, all tables and figures are at the end of I

the narrative portion of this document.

Additional supporting techni-cal data have been placed in appendices as follows:

Appendix A - Sampling Procedures for Larval and Adult Fish Appendix B - Average Intake and Discharge Temperatures, Average I

Flow and Cross Thermal Power Appendix C - Organisms Impinged at the V.C. Summer Nuclear Station Intake Screens Appendix D - Ecological Summaries of Important Fish Species Appendix E - Life llistory Information of Impinged Fish I

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V.C. SUMMER GENERATING STATION DESCRIPTION I

The Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Station (VCSNS) is a 900 megawatt facility located in Fairfield County approximately 26 miles northeast of Columbia, South Carolina.

The station is situated on Monticello Reservoir, which supplies all necessary cooling water for the plant.

Personnel from SCE&G provided data related to the operation of the VCSNS, including the average intake and discharge temperatures, average flow of circulating water through the plant, and gross thermal power.

This information was tabulated by month and appears in Appendix B.

The circulating water system is designed to remove 6.67 x 109 Btu /hr I

of heat from the main and auxiliary condensers as well as the turbine auxiliaries.

When operating at full capacity, cooling water is 3

withdrawn from Monticello Reservoir at a rate of 2030 m / min (534,000 gpm), passed through the system, and ultimately returned to Monticello Reservoir through a discharge canal.

The intake structure, located along the south shoreline of the reservoir, has three pump bays, ea r.n with two entrances.

Each entrance is 4 m (13 f t) wide and 7.8 m (25.5 ft) high, extending from the bottom of the pump house [ elevation 119 m (390.0 ft)} to the bottom of a skimmer wall (elevation 126.5 m (415.5 ft)].

The entrances are each equipped with two sets of trash racks, and conventional vertical traveling screens (mesh size 0.4 x 0.35 in).

I The velocities within the intake structure for specific reservoir levels with all pumps operating are as follows:

Emergency Normal low Normal high drawdown level level (elevation (elevation (elevation 127m (418ft)1 128m (420.5 ft))

129.5 m(425 f t))

Approach velocity measured midway between traveling 0.17 (0.55) 0.16 (0.51) 0.13 (0.44)

I screen and trash rack, m/sec (fps) I

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Emergency Normal low Normal high drawdown level level I

[ elevation

[ elevation (elevation 127m (418ft)]

128m (420.5 ft)]

129.5 m(425 ft))

I Velocity through the screen, m/sec (fps),

when screens are 100% clean 0.38 (1.24) 0.34 (1.13) 0.30 (1.00)

I 75% clean 0.50 (1.65) 0.46 (1.51) 0.40 (1.32) 50% clean 0.76 (2.48) 0.69 (2.27) 0.60 (1.98)

Further design details of the intake structure are shown in Figure 2.

I The heated water is returned to Monticello Reservoir through a dis-charge canal.

Circulating water is delivered through a 12-foot-diam-eter concrete pipe, to a semi-enclosed basin created by the dam for the service water pond.

The outlet canal for this basin is a canal that

jetty, discharges the water to a sidearm of the reservoir while a 792.5 m (2600 feet) long, inhibits recirculation of the heated water.

A plan view of the power plant, its intake structure, and discharge canal is shown in Figure 3.

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I ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING I

Monticello Reservoir was formed in the Frees Creek drainage area, reaching the full pool level during February of 1978.

The water I

sources of the reservoir are as follows:

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• The Broad River, with an average annual flow of 173 m 7,,e (6100 cfs), reaches Monticello Reservoir through the Fairfield Pumped Storage Facility, located on Parr Reservoir (Figure 1).

• The runoff from Frees Creek drainage basin into Monticello Reservoir.

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• Direct rainfall.

Biological monitoring has been conducted on Monticello Reservoir since June 1978, and data have been collected at stations shown on Figure 1 through December 1984.

This information has been compiled in annual and two semi-annual reports (Dames & Moore, 1978, 1979, 1979a, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983).

The sampling results have shown that Monticello Re servoir 's fish community is composed largely of centrarchids (sunfish, bass, and crappie) and gizzard shad (Dames & Moore, 1983).

Sixty-eight species

!I have been identified from Monticello Reservoir and other areas of the Broad River watershed (Dames & Moore, 1983).

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IMPINGEMENT I

RESULTS The objective of this portion of the study was to collect data on the species, number, length, and weight of fish impinged on the traveling I

screens.

A detailed tabulation of the twice monthly sampling results are provided in Appendix C.

In addition to showing the numbers of species and their length and weight, Table C-12 shows damaged specimens that were impinged. Ecological summaries of the important fish species are presented in Appendix D.

Life history information, including pre ferred habitat, spawning sites and temperatures, and egg types of all impinged fish species, is presented in Appendix E.

The total number of fish coller.ted during the study was 5,140 (Figure I

4) which can be projected to an estimated 85,000 fish / year (days / year

[365] t days sampled [22) x numbers or weight of fish collected.)

The total weight collected was 31 kilograms (kg) which amounts to 515 kg/yr or 0.47 percent of the 1984 estimated standing crop (110,500 kg) of Monticello Reservoir (Table 1).

The greatest number of fish were impinged during January through March 1984 (Figure 4).

No direct correlation can be made between the number of fish impinged and the Monticello Reservoir water level.

There is a greater velocity at the intake screens when the reservoir level is lowered dramatically below I

the normal pool level of 425 ft. elevation (Figure 2).

The largest total number of fish were impinged during January 1984 when the pool level elevation was 424.8 feet.

The high number of fish (primarily probably attributed to cold clupeids) collected during that time was shock, and the fish were already in a moribund condition or were stunned when they reached the intake screens.

The water temperature measured at the VCSNS intake during December 1983 through March 1984 ranged from a high of 56.3*F on 12/13/83 to a low of 45.8'F on February 6, 1984. The average during the four months was 49.7'F.

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fish were represented by 17 species belonging to six families E

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(Figure 5).

The family Clupeidae was by far the most abundant.

The Clupeids were represented by gizzard shad (82.63 percent) and threadfin shad (0.76 percent).

Second in abundance was the family Percidae, comprising 7.57 percent of the sample and represented by a single species, yellow perch.

Even though the sunfish (Centrarchidae) are represented by 8 species in the reservoir, this family comprised only 4.61 percent of the sample and ranked third in abundance, of the impinged species.

I Nearly all the fish impinged were small and an analysis of their lengths shows them to be predominantly young-of-the year or first year class fish (Figure 6).

This observation has been noted previously in other studies (Dames & Moore, 1977) (Loar, et al.,

1978, McFadden, 1977, and McClean, etc., 1981).

I A discussion of findings relative to the most commonly impinged and most important species (gizzard shad, yellow perch, white catfish, I

bluegill, and largemouth bass) follows.

Life history information for these species is presented in Appendix D.

I Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) - Gizzard shad were by far the most abundant fish collected from the intake screens (82.6 percent, Figure 5).

However, nearly all of these were impinged during December through March with the greatest number (2,834) occurring in January (Figure 7).

The large number impinged during this time indicates the possible influence of cold stress or cold kill, on this species. This theory is was encountered during supported by the extremely cold weather which this period. The average water temperature during the month of January I

was 47.9'F.

Although, no unusual numbers of dead or dying shad were noted in Monticello Reservoir during this time, the cold stress may have resulted in impaired swimming response making them unable to avoid impingement.

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The gizzard shad in the impinged samples were almost consisimtly fish of the young-of-the year class fish (Figure 6).

Similar findings have been reported in other studies (Dames & Moore, 1976).

Jester and Jensen (1972) also indicate that young-of-the year fish are more susceptible to shock and cold kill, than older adults.

It is unlikely that the VCSNS had an adverse effect on the gizzard shad population, since this species has an extremely high reproductive capability and the generating station removes almost exclusively young-of-the year I

fish rather than reproducing adults.

Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) - Yellow perch was the second most abundant species of fish impinged, comprising 7.6 percent of the fish collected (Figure 5).

The greatest numbers were impinged during January (139) and March (121) (Figure 8).

The fish collected were either young-of-the year or first year-class fish (Figure 6).

Since yellow perch are not very strong swimmers and are found in large wandering schools (McClane, 1974) it is expected that they would be impinged en masse.

However, like other forage species, this species has little recreational value and has high fecundity and fertility, I

that should offset losses associated with impingement.

White Catfish (Ictalurus catus) - Wh it e cat fish are common in Monti-cello Reservoir and are quite prevalent around riprapped areas such as occur near the intake structure.

White catfish ranked third in abundance of the impinged fish and represented 2.4 percent of the total collection (Figure 5).

Unlike the other major species collected the white catfish impinged did not demonstrate a correlation between age or size (Figure 6) nor seasonal distribution of fish collected I

(Figure 9).

These data indicate that the white catfish are impinged with little relationship between avoidance ability and age class.

Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) - Standing crop estimates indicate that bluegill are the most common fish in Monticello Reservoir (Table 1);

however, they account for a total of only 1.3 percent of the impinged I

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I fish collected (Figure 5).

The greatest numbers were collected during December (Figure 10) and included mostly young-of-the year and first year class fish (Figure 6).

The low percentage of impinged fish for this species may result from their habitat preference which appears to be in the littoral zone and in the riprapped area of the shoreline.

In addition, like most other sunfish, bluegill are prolific breeders (Douglas, 1974) and impingement should result in minimal impact to the bluegill population of Monticello Reservoir.

I Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) - The collection of impinged largemouth bass was limited to one individual, comprising only 0.02 percent of the total number of impinged fish (Figure 5).

This low number illustrates this important sport species is not being impacted by the VCSNS intake screens.

Although largemouth bass are common in the vicinity of the intake structure, their sedentary nature and a highly developed sensory system enhances their avoidance of the intake screens.

INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The previous section indicates that, although fish are being removed from Monticello Reservoir by impingement, these losses should result in minimal impact to the resident adult fish community.

The following section expands this thesis by discussing these issues:

1.

The perturbation to the fish community caused by the intake structure.

I 2.

The characteristics of the fish community potentially affected by the intake structure, as illustrated by:

A composite description of the fish community in Monti-a.

cello Reservoir, based on electrofishing and gillnet data, standing crop estimates, and impingement studies.

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Life history data on important fish species, emphasizing preferred habitats, spawning time, and location.

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The results of impingement on the available fish community, to include:

a.

Community stability, evaluated using previous studies on I

Monticello Reservoir (Dames & Moore, 1983).

b.

Impairment of ecological function.

c.

Reduction in optimum sustained yield of sport fish or other important species.

I d.

Unmitigable loss to the ecosystem.

I Following the examination of the above issues: A rationale is provided for predicting continued etability in the fishes community of the Monticello Reservoir, and the effect of impingement of this community is evaluated.

I The Perturbation Produced by the Intake Structure. - In assessing the impact of intake structure on fish communities it is important to understand the nature of the action of these structures on individual populations, whien, as McFadden notes (1977), can be compared to predation:

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"Most of the current environmental awareness is built on public recognition of these two classes of problems wholesale destruction of environmental resources and the release of exotic toxic substances.

A third class of population of man-caused problems - the imposition on a increased mortality that takes a form similar to natural I

has an entirely different effect on most predation species.

This is the kind of impact to which the I - - _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _

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population has bean adapted by thousands or millions of years of evolutionary experience. The agent of mortality I

- predatory fish, commercial or sport fishermen, or power plants - is an indif ferent matter from the standpoint of population response.

When the population is reduced in I

numbers, the survival rate or reproductive rate among the compensating remaining members tends to increase; a respense is generated."

Furthermore, the effect of predation by the VCSNS is limited primarily to the populations of young-of-the-year fish, as shown in a previous section.

Therefore, the following assessment is a characterization of the adult fish community that results from predation by the generating station on the young-of-the-year fish in Monticello Reservoir.

I AVAILABLE FISH COMMUNITY Electrofishing and Gi11 netting - Sampling adult fish on Monticello Reservoir by electrofishing and gi11 netting has been per formed since 1978 (Dames & Moore 1978, 1979, 1979a, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983).

This sampling was performed in shoreline (littoral) areas and was thus biased against open water fishes.

These data demonstrated a community comprising 35 species, 28 of which were collected in the immediate vicinity of the plant intake during the impingement study. The results I

of the 1984 (Dames & Moore, 1985 Biological Monitoring Report, in press) collections near the VCSNS intake (Station M) are shown in Table 2.

The most abundant species collected were bluegill and gizzard shad, although sport and pan fish such as largemouth bass, white catfish, channel catfish, and yellow perch were common in the area.

Standing Crop - Annual standing crop estimates have been from 1978 through 1984 (Dames & Moore 1978, 1979, 1979a, 1960, 1981, 1982, 1983).

These estimates were made by applying rotenone near Stations I and K in Monticello Reservoir.

Although neither station is in proximity to the intake structure of the VCSNS, the figures from these two sites are I

considered representative of the reservoir an a whole and, the re fore,

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I are of value in assessing the impact of impingement on the fish community of the reservoir.

Standing crop estimates for 1984 are presented in Table 1.

Impingement - Impingement studies were performed at the VCSNS from October 1983 through September 1984.

These studies indicate impingement was selective for certain species (i.e., gizzard shad and I

yellow perch, Figure 5), and certain size classes of fish (i.e.,

young-of-the-year and first-year class fish, Figure 6).

These findings are similar to those reported in previous studies (Dame s ' & Moore, 1977).

Fishes which have more sedentary behavior (i.e.,

sunfish, bu11 heads) come in contact with the intake structure less than the more active specie s (i.e.,

gizzard shad, yellow perch, white catfish).

Also, more active specie s of fishes usually occur in large schools (i.e., gizzard shad, yellow perch) and, therefore, are more likely to be impinged in great numbers.

The sedentary species, on the other I

hand, are of ten solitary or occur in small schools and are likely to be impinged in fewer numbers.

Summary - The results from the individual sampling programs discussed above demonstrated a difference in the dominant fish populations.

The active sampling programs, use data from electrofish, gillnet, and standing crop studies, indicated that bluegill were most abundant, followed closely by gizzard shad, while yellow perch were very low in density.

However, the passive sampling data obtained by analysis of I

impinged fish, resulted in much higher numbers of gizzard shad and yellow perch than of bluegill.

However, the habits of these taxa appear to explain these skewed differeaces.

As noted above, gizzard shad are very susceptible to cold shock, while yellow perch typically occur in large schools, both species thereby becoming more susceptible to intake currents.

Bluegill, however, tend to remain in the littoral area along the shoreline, resulting in fewer individuals being impinged by the intake.

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IMPACTS OF IMPINGEMENT ON THE ADULT FISH COMMUNITY I

Effects on Community Stability - On the basis of data presented in past Dames & Moore reports (1978, 1979, 1979a, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984) it seems likely that the fish in Monticello Reservoir are representa-tive of a stable ecosystem.

This stability has occurred through pre-adaptive responses of the community to the artificial perturbations associated with the VCSNS operation. Additional stresses, such as high temperature and low dissolved oxygen in the summer, introduced during critical time periods may af fect this stability and result in seasonal mass mortality of sensitive forage fish species such as gizzard shad.

I Effect on Ecosystem - Due to the relatively low percentages of fish being impinged and the apparent stability of Monticello Reservoir, the impingement of organisms appears to have little impact on the aquatic ecosystem of the reservoir.

I Sustained Yield of Sport Fish or Other Important Species - As illus-trated in Figure 5, the numbers of sport fish impinged per year is minimal. These findings indicate that there is no reduction in optimum sustained yield of sport or other important fish.

I Unmitigable Loss to the Ecosystem - The highest percentage of the fish populations being impinged are those species with the highest reproduc-tive potential.

There fore, there appears to be no unmitigable loss to the ecosystem due to impingement.

Explanations for Projected Phenomena - The numbers of fishes impinged so as to have minimal effect on by the VCSNS appear suf ficiently low the fish community.

The numbers of fish being impinged could probably I

be greater and still have little significant effect.

The basis for these projections are-I I

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The action of intake structures is similar to predation, a

process to which most natural fish populations are preadapted I

to schstand.

2.

The majority of the fish affected by impingement are young-of-the year.

The effect of removing young-of-the year fish was discussed by McFadden (1977) as follows:

"It turns out that the question whether it is I

different (possibly worse) to kill young fish than to kill older fish was answered more than 20 years ago by Ricker (1954, p. 607):

Exploitation that takes fish at an age when natural mortality is still compensatory means, I

for practical purposes, a fishery for young during the first year or two of their life -

the earlier the better.

The removal of such young is at least partly balanced by increased I

survival and/or growth of the remainder.

...it is clear that any general prejudice I

against exploiting young fish is unsound."

This theorem is applicable to the removal of fish by impinge-particular ment in that the loss of some individuals of a year / age class can increase the survivorship of those remain-ing, thus, minimizing the effect of impingement on the stability of the adult community.

In Monticello Reservoir, where gizzard shad and yellow perch are the species most heavily affected by the intake structure, the abundance of adult populations should remain constant or increase. Adapta-tion for survival of these species is expected, considering the naturally high mortality rate of newly hatched fish, and the fact that the generating station is removing these fish during the first year of life, a period of naturally high mortality.

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ENTRAINMENT INTRODUCTION Entrainment is used in this study to describe the passage of organisms through an intake screen into the cooling water system of a generating station.

Entrained organisms generally suffer very high to total mortality.

Of particular concern are fish, which have long reproduc-tive cycles and delicate life stages.

Smaller organisms and life are generally more subject to stages with limited swimming ability entrainment.

Phytoplankton and zooplankton are entrained in cooling I

systems, but their loss is generally of minimal importance compared to larval fish (ichthyoplankton) because of their high abundance and relatively rapid reproductive cycle.

In addition, the amount of water used daily for condensor cooling at the VCSNS represents only 0.5 percent of the total Monticello Reservoir volume (SCDHEC, 1978),

further minimizing substantive impacts to these communities.

I In conventional intake systems, screens allow passage of fish eggs, larvae, juveniles, and the adults of small species.

All species of I

fish in Monticello Reservoir produce eggs and larvae of a size that can be entrained through such systems. Larval fish, which are suspended in I

the water column, become entrained when the water which they inhabit is drawn into the plant. The fishes may either be planktonic (free float-ing) or actively swimming but unable to overcome the water velocity at the intake.

Therefore, the entrained loss of fish is more a function of their availability than plant operational features.

The primary means of reducing the number of organisms entrained by conventional intake syetems include:

(1) locati1g the intake in an area where the numbers of org.snisms available for entrainment are lower I

(generally of f shore, away from more productive nearshore areas); and (2) reducing the approach velocity by reducing intake water volume requirements or by intake design modifications.

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STUDY APPROACH I

The objective of the entrainment monitoring program was to demonstrate utilization of the best technology available by evaluating the ichthyo-plankton community in Monticello Reservoir. The monitoring program was established following the approach specified in the study plan issued by SCDHEC, 1978.

No samples were taken inside the VCSNS to determine the number of organisms that passed through the intake screens, but rather collections of ichthyoplankton were made at selected locations (Stations I,

L, and M) in Monticello Reservoir (Figure 1).

This I

approach assumed all fish available in the water column would be lost by entrainment and, there fore, provided a conservative estimate of the larval fish community affected.

Station M in Monticello Reservoir was the closest sampling station to the VCSNS intake and Station I at the extreme northern section of Monticello Reservoir served as the control station.

Station L was located near the intake for the Fairfield Pumped Storage Facility, and was included in the study to assess distribution of larval fish in this I

area of the reservoir.

Samples were collected at the stations during the same time period (usually within I hour of each other) and, at Stations I and M, samples were collected approximately one-half hour af ter sunset.

In addition to sampling at Stations I,

L, and M to address the entrainment section of the 316(b) study, larval fish also were sampled at Stations J, K, N, and O.

The purpose of sampling at these latter locations was to determine if the distribution of larval fish was uniform throughout Monticello Reservoir.

The sampling procedure for ichthyoplankton is de' scribed in Appendix A.

STUDY RESULTS I

The results of the ichthyoplankton collections throughout the study period are presented in Tables 3 and 4.

Table 3 summarizes the total I

I densities for each station throughout the study period, while Table 4 shows the density distribution by months among the sampling locations.

Table 5 provides a statistical comparison of the mean total densities at Stations I,

L, and M.

This sampling program resulted in the I

collection of nine taxa that represented six families.

The clupeid family probably consisting mostly of gizzard shad was the most dominant taxon collected at all the stations (both surf ace and mid-depth), and the white bass was the next most abundant organism.

The greatest density of larval fish from surface collections occurred at Station M, located in front of the intake structure of the VCSNS.

The highest density values from mid-depth collections occurred at the control area, Station I, located at the northern end of the Monticello Reservoir (Figure 1).

I Station I.

The total density of larval fish both at the surface 3

3 (18.3/100 m) and mid-depth (17.9/100 m) were similar.

Gizzard shad was the most dominant organism collected and comprised approx-imately 93 percent for combined surface and mid-depth samples of the organisms collected.

Other taxa collected in small numbers included:

white bass, perch, crappie, and sunfish.

Station L.

Collections at this station showed that the gizzard shad I

comprised about 80 percent of all larval fish collected, followed by white bass which represented about 12 pe. cent of the collection. Other taxa collected in small numbers included:

minnows, suckers, sunfish, l

and perch.

Approximately 87 percent of the larvae were collected from the surface samples.

Station M.

The overall surf ace density at Station M during the study 3

period was 53.9 larval fish per 100 m of water, and at the mid-depth 3

level there were 11.8 fish /100 m of water.

Gizzard shad dominated I

3 the collections at both depths (61.9/100 m ) and represented 94 percent of the collection. Combined white bass density for both depths I

3 was 3.1/100 m and represented approximately 5

percent of the I

1 l

samples.

Other taxa collected at Station M, in small numbers, included:

minnows, suckers, sunfish, and perch.

Total densities at I

the surface of Station M were more than four and one-half times those at mid-depth.

I Monthly Distribution.

The results of the monthly sampling effort are presented in Table 4.

During this study program the first larval fish were collected during February 1984, at Stations K through N.

The 3

surface samples produced white bass at quantities of 10.1/100 m and 3

11.5/100 m at Stations L and M, respectively.

Mid-depth collections 3

showed white bass to be abundant at Stations M and N (5.61/100 m and I

3 11.2/100 m, respectively).

I During March the collections includes shad (Stations K and N) and perch at Stations J, K, and 0, along with white bass at all stations.

In April six taxa were collected among the sampling stations.

Dorosoma spp. and percids appeared at all stations, and white bass were found at all stations except K.

During May the larval fish reached their great-3 est total density for all stations in the res?rvoir (664/100 m ),

3 The greatest total density (209/100 m ) for both the surface and mid-depths occurred at Station I; shad comprised more than 96 percent of the collaction.

At Station M, in front of the VCSNS intake, the I

3 total number of larval fish was 96.8/100 m at both surface and mid-depth collections; shad again comprised more than 96 percent of the collection at this station.

Surface and mid-depth collections at Station N (near the discharge 3

canal) produced a total of 84.0/100 m fish larva.

At Station I 3

a total of 209/100 m ichchyoplankton.

mid-depth collections produced In general, at all stationo the shad appeared in similar numbers at the surfsce and mid-depth samples.

The exception to this cecurred at I

Stations L and O.

At Station L, surf ace vs. mid-depth densities were 3

3 24.3/100 m vs.

12.5/100 m ; at Station 0 the surface densities 3

were three times greater than mid-depth, 45.4 14.3/100 m,

respectively.

I 1

During June, large numbers of larval fish continued to be present in 3

the collections (total of 592.1/100 m ),

again with shad dominating particularly abundant at at all stations.

These organisms were 3

3 Station M (338/100 m ); the surface collections p duced 310/100 m 3

and the mid-depth samples 28/100 m.

The shad represented more than 99 percent of all the larvae collected at this location.

During June, Station 0 had the most diversity, five identified taxa were collected from surface or mid-depth samples.

During July, August, and September the collections yielded low densities and few taxa.

The number of organisms collected in the individual samples during these months I

3 3

ranged from 0.16/100 m to 3.2/100 m.

Shad were the only larve collected through September, but only at the surface at Station I.

A I

comparison of the frequency of fish larvae present throughout the study period for Stations I and M shows that organisms were collected at least 7 of the 8 months during the study period at these locations. At four of the other stations (J, K, L, and N) the fish larvae appeared during 5 months, and only 4 months at Station O.

A statistical comparison, using the Students t-test, of the mean larval fish densities at Stations I, L, and M during the months of April, May, and June was completed and the results are presented in Table 5.

These I

tests showed a significant difference between the stations during the sampling period.

During May and June at all the locations, with the exception of Stations I and L in June, the values showed a highly significant difference.

I DISCUSSION An analysis of the larval fish collected at Station M and the abundance of adult fish a t-Station M shows the potential entrainable species I

I during the course of a year.

The entrainment of any component of the fish community is related to the reproductive season of the separate I

fish populations, with entrainment most likely to occur between spawning and the time the larvae either grow too large to pass through the 0.4 x 0.35 inch traveling screen mesh, or become strong enough to swim against the intake current.

An analysis of the fishery survey data and observations of the fish community during the past several years (Dames & Moore, 1982 and 1983) indicate that the extreme south-west part of Monticello Reservoir (that area bordered on the east by the jetty separating the intake and discharge structure of the VCSNS, and on the west by the main dam south of the Fairfield Pumped Storage Facility (FPSF) intake, Figure 3) is supporting a large number (both density and diversity) of fish (Dames & Moore, 1982, 1983).

This area is rich in nutrients since the water is replenished from the Broad River through the pumping operation of the FPSF.

Some fish are also probably transported to Monticello Reservoir through the FPSF operation and colonize this area.

I The larval fish data for the study period indicate that the greatest density of larval fish occur in the south end of the reservoir in the I

vicinity of Station M.

These data indicate that the larval fish are not evenly distributed in the reservoir with the density at Station M nearly two (1.8) times that at the control Station I,

although this 3

number is skewed somewhat by the large number (339/100 m ) of shad collected during June.

These data suggest that the most abundant l

species near Station M,

and therefore, the species that are most f

susceptible to entrainment are the clupeids (gizzard and threadfin shad), particularly during the conths of May and June.

l

=

CONCLUSIONS Section 316(b) of P.L.92-500 requires that the "... location, design, construction, and capacity of the cooling water intake s t ruc ture s reflect the best technology available for minimizing adverse environ-mental impact."

What constitutes the "best technology available,"

I ---

I I

however, must be determined on a case-by-case basis because of the biological characteristics of the water bodies where the generating structure is located, and the variation in the operating character-istics of the power plant.

The 316(b) Environmental Protection Agency Guidance Manual (May 1977) contains the following statenent:

Adverse environmental impact from the loc a*: ion,

design, construction, and capability of cooling water intake structures, for the purpose of this document is damage to individuals, populations, or communities of organisms such that:

1.

The ecological functioning of the unit is impaired or reduced to the point such that long term stability at pre-existing levels is decreased; or 2.

A reduction in optimum sustained yield to sport and/or commercial fisheries results; or I

3.

Threatened or endangered species of aquatic life I

are directly or indirectly adversely affected; or 4.

The magnitude of the damage constituents an unmitigable loss to the aquatic system.

I The following conclusions concerning the impact of the VCSNS's intake structurer on the aquatic organisms of Monticello Reservoir are presented in terms of these four criteria.

Question 1: Is the ecological functioning of the unit (ecological community) impaired or reduced to the point such that long-term stability et pre-existing levels is decreased?

I I I

The answer to this question is no.

The fish community of Monticello Reservoir is comprised primarily of gizzard shad and sunfish. Although the study results show that 83 percent of the fish impinged were gizzard shad, the loss is easily sustained by this species.

Gizzard high reproductive potential and rapid rate of growth shad have a (Jester & Jensen,1972), and is the second most abundant species in the reservoir, having an average standing crop of about 14 kg/ha (based on rotenone sampling conducted by Dames & Moore in 1984).

Given a normal pool surface area of 6,800 acres and even distribution, the total standing crop of gizzard shad in the reservoir is estimated at 37,679 kg.

Because the standing crop estimates are conducted in cove areas, it is likely that the standing crop of open water species, such as shad, were underestimated.

The VCSNS was estimated to impinge a

total of only 16 kg of shad during the study period.

Question 2.

Do the VCSNS intake structures cause a reduction in optimum sustained yield to sport and/or commercial fisheries results?

The answer to this question is no.

There is no reported commercial fishing in Monticello Reservoir.

Even if there were connercial fishing, the losses sustained by the two major species impinged by the plant. would not affect the results of such fishing.

The effect on sport species and their prey is minimal and constitutes no risk to those species.

I Question 3.

Are threatened or endangered species of aquatic life directly or indirectly adversely affected by the intake structure of the VCSNS.

The answer to this question is no, since no rare or endangered species of aquatic life are found in the water body and none were foued in the impingement collections. I

Question 4.

Does the magnitude of the damage caused by the VCSNS intake structures constitute an unmitigable loss to the I

aquatic system?

The answer to this question is no.

The effect of entrainment of fish eggs and larvae on fish populations of the Monticello Reservoir depends on a number of factors, particularly the ratio of total removed to the total entrainable.

Because the total number of entrainable organisms is unknown, the impact of plant entrainment was estimated by consider-I ing the distribution of larval fish in Monticello Reservoir. There are no apparent ill effects on the fish community of Monticello Reservoir due to impingement and entrainment by the VCSNS.

(

I

,I I. - _..

. - - ~

I I

SUMMARY

I Monticello Reservoir my be considered as a young, recently stabilized, warm water impoundment.

The fish community in this water body is characterized by a moderately high diversity, dominated in numbers and biomass by highly productive species (gizzard shad and bluegill).

An evaluation in terms of the criteria provided in the USEPA 316(b) guidelines demonstrates that the VCSNS intake structures are comparable in function to the role of a predator, removing primarily only the young-of-the year fish, mainly the gizzard shad in Monticello Reser-voir.

However, based on standing crop in format ion, the impact is considered to be negligible and should not destabilize the adult fish community.

The VCSNS design has no features that are clearly attracting fish into the immediate vicinity of the intake structure.

However, the area near the intake has high densities of larval fish present, and supports a large community of adult fish.

This skewed distribution in Monticello Reservoir may be attributed to the area being rich in nutrients since the water is replenished by the pumping operations of the FPSF.

The continued success and stability of the dominant fish populations in the Monticello Reservoir, during the 7 years of monitoring, along with the relatively low percentage of these populations impinged by the plant's intake structures, demonstrate that the VCSNS is not causing any apparent ill effects to the aquatic community of the reservoir.

I

.' I

I I

REFERENCES

'l

• Bell, M.C.,

1973.

Fisheries handbook of engineering requirements and E

biological criteria.

Fisheries Engineering Research Program, Corps of Engineers. North Pacific Division, Portland, Oregon.

• Calhoun, Alex, ed.,

1966.

Inland fisheries management department of fish and game.

State of California, 546 pp.

I

• Carlander, K.D.,

1969.

Handbook of freshwater fishery biology, Volume I.

Iowa State University Press.

752 pp.

Clay, William M.,

1975.

The fishes of Kentucky, Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, Frankfort, Ken.

416 pp.

Dames & Moore, 1976. 316(b) Report - Allen Steam Plant.

36 pp.

, 1977. 316(b) demonstration for the Cayuga and Wabash River Generating Stations. 76 pp.

,1978. Environmental monitoring report June 1978 - December 1978.

For the Federal Energy Regulatory Comission project license number 1894 and the South Carolina Department of Health I

and Environmental Control. Distributed - May 1979.

, 1979.

Environmental monitoring report January 1979 - June 1979.

For South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Distributed - November 1979.

1979a.

Environmental monitoring report July 1979 December 1979.

For the Federal Energy Regulatory Comission Project License Number 1894 and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Distributed - May 1980.

1980.

Environmental monitoring report January 1980 -

December 1980.

For the Federal Energy Regulatory Comission Project License Number 1894 and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Distributed - June 1981.

1981.

Environmental monitoring report January 1981 -

I December 1981.

For the Federal Energy Regulatory Comis sion Project License Number 1894 and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. Distributed - September 1982.

1982.

Environmental monitoring report January 1982 -

December 1982.

For the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission Project License Number 1894, 196 pp.

Distributed January

=

1984.

I

'I I

I I

1983.

Environmental monitoring report, January 1983 -

September 1983.

For the South Carolina Department of Health and g

Environmental Control, and the Nuclear Regulatory Comiss ion.

3 Distributed - February 1984.

, 1984.

Environmental monitoring report, October 1983-March 1984.

For the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control, and the Nuclear Regulatory Comiss ion.

Distributed - June 1984.

• Douglas, Neil, 1974.

Freshwater fishes of Louisiana.

La. Wildlife and Fisheries Comission, Baton Rouge, La.

443 pp.

Jester, D.B. and Buddy L. Jensen, 1972.

Life history and ecology of the gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum, with reference to Elephant Butte Lake.

New Mexico State University, Agricultural Experiment I-Station Research, Report 218, 56 pp.

Loar, L.M.,

J.S.

Griffith, and K.D.

Kumar, 1978.

An analysis of factors influencing the impingement of threadfin shad at power plants in the southern United States. pp. 245-255.

_In Jensen, L.D.,

ed.,

Fourth National Workshop on Entrainment and Impingement.

Chicago, Ill.,

December 5,

1977.

Ecological I

Analysis, Inc., Melville, NY, 415 pp.

McClane, A.J.,

1974.

McClane's field guide to freshwater fishes of North America. Holt, Reinhart, and Winston.

212 pp.

McFadden, J.T.,

1977.

An argument supporting the reality of compensa-tion in fish populations and a plea to let them exercise it, pp.

153-183.

In Proceedings of the Conference on Assessing the E f fects of-Power-Plant-Induced Morality on Fish Populations.

Gatlinburg, Tenn., May 3-6, 1977.

Oak Ridge National Laboratory, I

Oak Ridge, Tenn. 361 pp.

McLean, R.B.,

P.T.

Singley, and D.

Lodge, 1981.

Threadfin shad impingement, population response. 70 pp.

Pflieger, William L., 1975.

The fishes of Missouri.

The Misaouri Department of Conservation, 343 pp.

• Scott, W.B.,

and E.J.

Crosman, 1973.

Freshwater fishes of Canada.

Bulletin 184. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Canada.

I 966 p.

South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC),

I 1978.

316(b) Demonstration Study Plan. South Carolina Electric &

Gas Company, Virgil C.

Sume r Nuclear Station, Unit 1,

NPDES Permit Number SC0030856.

I I I

I I

U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 1977.

Guidance for evaluating the adverse ' impact of cooling water intake structures i

on the aquatic environment: Section 316(b) P.L.92-500.

I

• Not cited.

I I

'I

.I I

,I

'I I

I I

I I

I I

1 I

I Table 1.

Standing crop of fish in Monticello Reservoir based on rotenone sampling at Stations I and K during 1984.

I Mean Total Standing Crop kg/ha in Reservoir (kg)

Bluegill 14.69 40,430.99 I

Gizzard shad 13.69 37,678.71 Pumpkinseed 3.48 9,577.93 Channel catfish 2.78 7,651.34 Warmouth 0.98 2,697.23 White catfish 0.70 1,926.60 Largemouth bass 1.04 2,362.37 Brown bullhead 0.61 1,678.89 Yellow perch 0.59 1,623.85 I

Redear 0.49 1,348.62 Silver redhorse 0.20 550.46 Threadfin shad 0.14 385.32 Whitefin shiner 0.46 1,266.05 Flat bullhead 0.15 412.84 Black crappie 0.03 82.57 Tesselated darter 0.07 192.66 Silver minnow 0.02 55.05 I

Swamp darter 0.01 27.52 I

Total 40.13 110,449.00 I

• Total standing crop was derived by taking the average of the standing crop from Stations I and K (mean kg/ha) in 1984 and multiplying these numbers by the area of Lake Monticello (2752.28 ha).

I I

I I

I I

.I I

Table 2.

Fish species collected by gi11 netting and electrofishing (Station M) during the quarterly surveys in 1984.

Species Number Collected Longnose gar 1

Gizzard shad 145 I

Threadfin shad 30 Carp 3

I Silvery Minnow 11 Whitefin shiner 9

White sucker 1

Qui 11back 59 Shorthead redhorse 1

Silver redhorse 19 Striped jumprock 1

White catfish 69 Yellow bullhead 3

I Brown bullhead 5

Channel catfish 57 Flat bullhead 9

Snail bullhead 6

White bass 7

Hybrid sunfish 3

Redbreast sunfish 20 Warmouth 23 I

Bluegill 510 Pumpkinseed 27 Redear sunfish 8

Largemouth bass 69 White crappie 1

Black crappie 3

Yellow perch 13 Total 1,113 I

I I I

3 Table 3 Mean density of larval fish (number /100 m ) for Stations I through O during October 1983 through September 1984.

Species Scientific Name Station I

J K

L M

N O

Gizzard shad Dorosoma Surface 16.37 6.77 12.96 10.84 51.57 8.95 9.88 Mid-depth 17.38 6.86 11.96 1.71 10.33 9.05 3.13 0.11 0.04 Minnew Cyprinidae Surface Mid-depth 0.06 0.15 Sucker Catostomidae Surface 0.61 0.11 0.24 Mid-depth 0.00 White base Morone chrysops Surface 0.08 0.04 1.64 1.94 1,67 2.29 Mid-depth 0.04 0.12 0.83 0.25 1.13 1.86 0.34 Sunfish Centrarchidae Surface bI Mid-depth 0.04 0.03 I

Sunfish Lepomis spp.

Surface 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.20 Mid-depth 0.08 Crappie Pomoxis spp.

Surface 0.12 0.03 Mid-depth 0.03 0.04 Yellow perch Perca flavescens Surface 0.10 Mid-depth 0.01 Percid Percidae Surface 0.86 0.19 0.03 0.21 0.08 0.17 1.37 i

Mid-depth 0.17 0.13 0.17 0.04 0.02 0.04 Damaged Unid.

Surface 0.74 0.04 0.08 0.23 0.07 0.18 0.15 Mid-depth 0.24 0.04 0.09 0.18 0.19 Total Surface 18.34 7.03 13.07 13.60 53.92 10.93 14.25 Total Mid-Depth 17.89 7.14 12.58 2.06 11.82 11.12 2.55

M M

M M

M M

M M

M M

M M

M M

M M

M 3

Table 4 Hean monthly densities of larval fish (number /100 m ) collected in net tows, Octcbar 1983 through September 1984.

(Larval fish first appeared in the February 1984 collections.)

Page 1 of 6 FEBRUARY 1984 Scientific or Familf Name Common Name Station 1

J K

L M

N_

0 Morone chrysops White bass Sfc 10.13 11.53 3.99 Mid 1.82 5.61 11.19 Total Sfc 10.13 11.53 8.99 Mid 1.82 5.61 11.19 MARCH 1984 8

Scientific or U

Family Name Common Name Station 1

J K

L M

N O

i 0.70 Dorosoma spp.

Shad Sfc 0.45 Mid 0.12 0.27 0.40 1.28 1.00 0.85 Morone chrysops White bass Sfc Mid 0.13 0.29 0.29 0.32 0.92 0.57 Perca flavescens Perch Sfc 0.09 Mid 0.27 0.11 1.99 Percidae Perch Sfc 0.26 0.29 0.72 Mid 0.54 0.11 0.40 1.28 1.60 2.83 Total Sfc Mid 0.13 0.58 1.22 0.32 0.92 1.02 0.26

M M

M M

M M

M M

M M

M M

M M

M M

M Table 4 (Continued)

Page 2 of 6 APRIL 1984 Scientific or Family Name Common Name 1

J K

L M

N O

Dorosoma spp.

Shad Sfc 1.30 2.17 0.76 Mid 0.26 0.28 0.20 0.29 0.60 12.32 0.60 Cyprinidae Minnows Sfc Mid 0.28 Morone_ chrysops White bass Sfc 0.53 0.48 0.78 1.31 15.19 Mid 0.56 0.60 0.21 2.38 Centrarchidae Sunfish Sfc Mid 0.26 u

Pomoxis spp.

Crappie Sfc 0.47 w

I Mid 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.97 3.88 Perc idae Perch Sfc 5.64 0.57 Mid 0.81 0.58 0.43 0.26 Damaged Unid.

Sfc 0.51 0.21 Mid Total Sfc 6.63 0.57 0.73 2.33 4.49 20.34 Mid 1,32 1.43 0.63 0.84 1.20 12.73 3.27

m a

m M

M M

e e

em e

eae a

eae g

Table 4 (Continued)

Page 3 of 6 MAY 1984 Scientific or Family Name Conanon Name Station 1

J K

L M

N O

Dorosoma spp.

Shad Sfc 89.22 44.73 48.28 18.60 49.75 38.16 43.69 Mid 113.37 33.87 48.78 10.93 43.08 41.81 14.31 Cyprinidae Minnows Sfc 4

Mid 0.15 0.38 Catostomidae Sucker Sfc 4.26 0.51 Mid 0.37 l

Morone chrysops White bass Sfc 0.47 0.21 1.41 0.75 1.03 Mid 0.17 i

y Centrarchidae Sunfish Sfc 0.19 Mid l

i 0.59 j

Pomoxis spp.

Crappie Sfc 0.35 0.24 Mid 0.18 Perca flavescens Perch Sfc 0.69 Mid 4

Percidae Perch Sfc 0.35 0.27 0.71 0.33 0.19 0.89 Mid 0.38 0.21 Damaged Unid.

Sfc 3.08 0.27 0.56 0.50 1.29 0.26 i

Mid 1.64 0.27 0.37 1.28 1.12 Total Sfc 93.67 45.26 48.85 24.28 51.09 40.01 45.42 i

Mid 115.73 34.14 49.55 12.48 45.69 43.96 14.31 l

1

W W

W M

M M

M M

W M

W W

W W

W M

M M

M Table 4 (Continued)

Page 4 of 6 JUNE 1984 Scientific or Family Name Common Name Station I

J K

L M

N O

Dorosoma spp.

Shad Sfc 21.72 2.65 42.30 57.25 309.51 21.39 24.70 Mid 7.26 13.57 34.62 0.78 28.03 8.78 6.98 0.76 0.28 Cyprinidae Minnows Sfc Mid 0,31 0.25 1.69 Catostomidae Sucker Sfc Mid Morone chrysops White bass Sfc Mid 4

i i

0.27 0.27 1.41 Lepomis spp.

Sunfish Sfc w*

Mid I

2.81 0.22 0.13 0.53 Percidae Perch Sfc l

Mid 0.14 Damaged Unid.

Sfc 1.58 1.60 0.28 l

Mid 0.19 i

Total Sfc 23.30 2.86 42.12 59.65 310.79 21.39 31.17 Mid 7.26 13.57 34.81 0.78 28.54 8.91 6.98 l

l

m W

W M

M M

M M

M M

M M

m m

m m

M Table 4 (Continued)

Page 5 of 6 JULY 1984 Scientific or Family Name Common Name Station I

J K

L M

N O

0.27 Dorosoma spp.

Shad Sfc 3.20 Mid 0.79 0.27 0.26 Damaged Unid.

Sfc 0.49 Hid Total Sfc 3.69 0.27 0.26 Mid 0.79 0.27 AUGUST 1984 Scientific or i

Family Name Common Name Station I

J K

L M

N O

Dorosoma spp.

Shad Sfc 0.16 0.32 Mid Cyprinidae Minnows Sfc 0.18 Mid Lepomis spp.

Sunfish Sfc 0.62 Mid 0.16 Total Sfc 0.62 0.50 Mid

E E

E E

E E

E E

E E

E E

E W

W W

W W

g i

l l

1 Table 4 (Continued)

Page 6 of 6 l

4 i

SEPTEMBER 1984 i

Scientific or i

Family Name Common Name Station I

J K

L M

N O

Dorosoms spp.

Shad Sfc 0.45 i

Mid i

Total Sfc 0.45 Mid i

i j

)

8 w

i N

O i

i l

t, i

i f

i t

i t.

i I

i 1

4 i

I I

1

Table 5 A comparison of larval fish mean densities at Stations I, L, and M for the dates indicated.a Stations I

L I

M L

M April 1984 7.96 1.57 7.96 3.53 1.57 3.53 p(0.001 (0.02<p<0.05) 0.01<p.0.02 4

i May 1984 209.40 36.76 209.40 96.78 36.76 96.78 p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.001 June 1984 30.52 60.43 30.52 339.33 60.43 339.33 (0.01<p<0.05) p<0.001 p<0.001 g

i Mean densities have been calculated by using combined surface and mid-depth samples, and are a

given in organisms /100 m3

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ZERO O. 4 4 fps 00 V EL OC IT Y TH R OU GH SCREEN l.0 fos APPROX.

I "A" ELEVATION = 420'-5" (NORM AL DR AWDOWN)

I "B" ELEVATION = 418'-O" (EMERGENCY DR AWDOWN)

"C"EL E VATI O N = 415' - 6" ( B O T T O M O F S KI M M ER W A L L)

I I

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Figure 2.

Intake Structure - Condenser Cooling Water V.C. Summer Nuclear Station.

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TOTAL NUMBER OF FISH COLLECTED: 5,140 g soo 3

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OCT NOV OEC JAM FE8 M AR APR MAY JUN JUL Aug ggp O

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Figure 4.

Total Number of Impinged Fish Collected During the Study Period.

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PERCENT OCCURENCE p..

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i Figure 5.

Species of Impinged Fish, including percent occurence and weight, l

collected during the study.

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OC T ' NOW' OEC I JAN' FES MAR APA ' MAY' JU N E' J U LY ' AUS I

I SEP' Y E LLO W PE R C H 8 L UEGILL Figure 6.

Number and length of fish impinged during October 1983 through September 1984

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Figure 9. Total Numbers of Impinged White Catfish, by Month..

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APPENDIX A t

i 4

SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR LARVAL AND ADULT FISH l

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1

- I I

I I

I I

I APPENDIX A SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR LARVAL AND ADULT FISH Impingement - The VCSNS pumps approximately 530,000 gpm from Monticello I'

Reservoir through the cooling water intake when the nuclear station is operating at full capacity. The intake structure utilizes six traveling screens which cycle on a pressure differential basis.

All impinged organisms were sequentially washed from each of the traveling screens during each cycle into a catch basin.

This 316(b) investigation was conducted by collecting impinged organisms from all six screens approximately every 8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> over a 24-hour period.

These investigations began within 2 weeks of commercial operation and I

continued every 2 weeks for 1 year. The screens were washed immediately before each 8-hour sampling period. At the end of the 8-hour impingement test, the wash cycle (of approximately 5 minutes duration) was initiated and all impinged organisms were collected in a basket inserted into the catch basin.

The impinged organisms were placed in containers, packed in ice, and returned to the laboratory for identification, enumeration, length and weight by species. The fish were also examined for incidence of ectoparasites. Data sheets were completed for impinged organisms and included job number, date and time of collection, number of the I

traveling screen, and name of collector (s).

Entrainment - The entrainment studies evaluated potential impacts of cooling water intake on the ichthyoplankton during plant operation to confirm utilization of best technology available.

Duplicate ichthyo-plankton samples were collected at Stations I,

L, and M at both the surface and mid-depth.

Collections at Stations I and M were obtained approximately one-half hour after sunset.

Station L was sampled during the generation phase of the Fairfield Pumped Storage Facility.

All samples were collected by towing flow-metered plankton nets, having I

A-1 I

I B

0.75 meter diameter mouth openings, and a mesh size of 363 micrometers.

Sampling was conducted until approximately 100 cubic meters of water had passed through the net.

Sampling frequency was weekly during mid-February through June, every two weeks from July through September, I

and monthly from October through January.

The collected organisms were preserved and returned to the laboratory for identification, measurement, and enumeration. Densities of egge and larvae collected as ichthyoplankton were compared for spatial and temporal variations in distribution, with particular emphasis on characterizing the ichthyoplankters in the vicinity of the plant intake (Station M), as compared to those near the Fairfield Pumped Storage Facility intake (Station L), and the farthest point from the intake B

(Station I).

Data Analysis - A summary of the fish impinged was presented in tabular form by enumeration of species, length and weight, and by collection period.

Analysis for entrained organisms was by comparing ichthyoplankton densities at the northern section (Station I) of Monticello Reservoir with those at the southern section (Stations L and M).

Composite sample I

densities were calculated to determine if significant differences occurred at the statione.

Larval Fish Collections - Larval fish collections were also made at Stations J, K, L, and O in Monticello Reservoir as part of the ov'erall biological monitoring requirements for the VCSNS license requirements.

The samples were collected at these locations by identical methods as described earlier.

I I

I A-2 lI t

I I

E

.I E

APPENDIX B I

AVERAGE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE TEMPERATURES, AVERAGE FI'0W, I

AND GROSS DIERMAL POWER I

!I

.l I

,g lI I

I I

,I

' ^ " ' " " " ^ " " ' " " " " ' ~ " " " ' " " " " " " " " '

lB

.I I

I TABLE B-1 g

VIRGIL C. SUMMER UUCLEAR STATION y

CIRCULATING WATER, 1983-1984 AVERAGE INTAKE TEMPERATURE (*F)

I 1983 1984 Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul g

Sep 71.5 77.4 79.3 81.0 48.5 46.1 49.1 1

75.0 68.0 71.2 76.85 78.6 80.5 f

48.3 46.0 48.9 2

75.1 67.7 58.4 71.0 77.6 78.8 79.6 48.2 46.3 49.1 3

74.8 67.9 48.7 48.0 49.3 59.7 71.8 76.6 79.5 80.2 4

74.6 67.7 48.8 47.0 48.9 61.4 71.4 76.5 79.8 80.5 5

74.8 67.4 48.9 45.8 51.2 62.4 71.0 77.7 80.2 80.1 6

75.6 66.8 49.4 46.4 52.7 64.0 72.5 78.4 80.4 79.4

,7 75.8 66.5 I

49.3 46.4 50.1 63.0 72.5 79.4 80.7 78.7 8

75.3 66.2 63.6 72.9 78.7 80.5 78.2 47.9 46.5 49.8 9

75.2 66.0 48.1 46.0 50.1 64.0 73.05 78.6 81.6 78.4 10 74.8 66.4 I

63.4 73.4 79.0 81.3 78.8 49.3 46.9 50.4 11 74.5 65.1 48.3 46.8 49.9 64.0 73.8 79.2 81.0 79.1 12 74.0 64.5 65.8 74.4 79.8 80.9 78.9 13 73.5 64.2 56.3 48.1 46.9 50.9 67.0 75.1 79.6 81.0 78.5 14 72.9 63.7 55.8 48.9 52.2 68.8 75.3 79.4 81.5 78.3 50.7 52.7 15 73.1 63.1 55.7

,g 81.1 77.6 68.9 75.0 g

16 72.5 62.7 55.2 47.7 50.9 52.1 81.4 76.8 68.8 76.1 17 73.0 62.0 55.0 47.5 49.8 52.8 81.1 76.1 47.0 50.5 54.2 67.4 76.5 18 72.7 61.5 I

80.8 76.1 66.3 76.6 19 72.6 61.5 53.7 47.6 50.6 54.2 81.5 75.8 20 72.8 60.9 52.9 47.7 50.4 52.7 77.9 81.3 75.5 68.5 78.0 21 72.0 61.1 52.5 47.9 52.9 51.5 22 70.9 61.3 52.5 47.1 53.2 52.4 68.3 78.4 81.2 75.2 68.9 78.0 81.8 75.9 23 69.9 60.9 51.8 46.5 53.8 52.5 81.7 76.3 57.2 72.1 77.7 24 70.2 61.0 51.4 47.4 51.4 58.1 70.5 78.5 80.9 81.6 76.4 25 69.9 60.7 49.7 47.6 51.2 48.7 47.7 51.6 70.8 78.7 80.0 80.7 76.5 26 70.1 49.3 48.4 50.9 70.0 76.4 79.6 79.8 78.0 27 69.4 70.2 77.1 79.5 79.6 76.0 49.1 47.7 49.7 28 69.0 5

71.9 77.8 79.7 79.8 75.0 49.5 47.0 48.6 29 68.5 73.6 77.2 79.2 80.2 49.2 46.5 30 68.1 79.4 80.5 73.0 48.7 46.6 31 67.8 I

B-1 5

I TABLE B-2 i

VIRGIL C. SUMMER NUCLEAR STATION CIRCULATING WATER, 1983-1984 AVERAGE DISCHARGE TEMPERATURE (*F)

I 1983 1984 Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul g

Sep 96.1 97.6 104.3 103.7 75.7 73.0 74.8 1

99.8 93.2 96.4 96.9 103.9 103.0 2

99.5 92.6 75.9 72.9 75.5 73.5 96.45 97.7 104.35102.2 75.5 73.4 76.1 3

99.5 93.0 75.4 74.6 75.8 81.65 97.3 97.1 105.2 102.2 4

99.8 92.5 67.4 96.8 97.0 105.5 102.2 5

99.8 91.5 75.1 73.6 74.9 6

100.2 91.3 75.0 72.4 76.7 64.9 96.5 98.0 105.9 101.4 76.2 98.0 98.7 106.1 100.5 74.5 64.3 78.8 7

100.4 91.0 5

8 99.5 91.2 75.3 52.3 76.6 87.5 97.9 99.5 106.3 99.8 74.4 49.7 75.3 88.1 98.15 98.7 106.2 99.0 9

99.6 91.0 I

10 99.1 91.4 75.3 49.1 75.6 88.8 98.35 99.0 107.2 99.1 88.7 98.7 99.8 106.9 99.6 11 98.8 89.5 75.6 66.0 76.0 74.2 73.7 76.0 89.5 99.1 100.0 106.5 99.8 12 98.9 89.8 13 97.4 89.3 57.8 73.5 74.0 76.6 91.25 99.6 100.5 106.3 99.4 75.8 77.7 92.4 100.4 84.1 106.6 98.9 14 95.1 86.5 59.4 93.4 100.7 80.3 107.0 98.3 15 95.6 87.9 59.9 76.4 78.0 I

16 95.1 86.9 58.5 74.3 76.8 78.1 93.2 99.9 98.7 97.3 17 95.4 86.3 55.5 61.2 76.1 78.6 92.2 99.1 83.75 96.4 92.2 99.5 93.1 95.4 I

18 96.3 86.1 70.6 76.4 80.1 101.2 95.4 91.6 99.7 19 97.1 86.4 58.8 79.6 76.9 80.3 100.0 95.0

-- 100.8 20 83.0 85.9 73.5 77.8 76.5 78.8 105.4 94.6 21 77.9 85.5 76.4 74.2 79.3 77.1 93.9 100.45 105.9 94.2 22 77.4 85.9 78.4 73.7 79.7 78.1 93.7 100.5 23 73.7 84.4 77.7 73.4 79.3 62.6 94.4 98.2

-- 106.4 94.6 5

106.3 94.9 24 89.0 62.8 76.5 74.4 77.0 82.7 97.2 97.95 67.7 95.7 98.9 81.8 106.0 94.8 25 95.1 61.9 75.7 74.2 76.6 75.3 73.7 76.8 96.1 99.1 81.2 105.0 94.5 I

26 95.2 95.5 96.8 84.4 104.0 95.6 27 94.2 76.0 74.4 76.7 95.5 97.7 90.3 103.3 91.1 28 93.7 75.8 73.4 76.3 96.9 98.1 88.2 103.15 75.9 75.7 73.3 75.0 29 93.6 98.0 97.7 92.4 103.4 30 93.0 75.4 73.1 f

31 92.9 99.6 103.6 97.15 75.7 73.4 I

B-2

I I

TABLE B-3 I

VIRGIL C. SUMMER NUCLEAR STATION CIRCULATING WATER, 1983-1984 AVERAGE FLOW (MGD)

I 1983 1984 I

Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Ag Sep 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 1

769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 2

769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 3

769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 4

769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 I

769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 769.0 5

769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 6

769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 7

769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 I

769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 8

769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 9

769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 10 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 769.0 11 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 769.0 12 769.0 769.0 I

769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 13 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 566.84 768.96 768.96 14 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 512.64 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 15 769.0 769.0 769.0 I

768.96 768.96 16 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 --

768.96 768.96 17 769.0 769.0 769.0 609.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 18 769.0 769.0 --

513.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 19 769.0 769.0 769.0 513.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 769.0 20 769.0 769.0 769.0 598.0 769.0 769.0 21 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 --

768.96 768.96 768.96 768.96 22 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 23 769.0 769.0 769.9 769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 --

768.96 768.96 5

24 769.0 535.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 25 769.0 513.0 769.9 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 769.0 26 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 27 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 768.96 28 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 480.60 29 769.0 --

769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 769.0 768.96 768.96 30 769.0 768.96 768.96 769.0 769.0 31 769.0 I

B-3 I

W W

W W

W W

W W

W W

W W

W W

M M

W W

W t

TABLE B-4 VIRGIL C. SUMMER NUCLEAR STATION GROSS THERMAL POWER Page 1 of 2

" CROSS MRHT" 1983 1984 Day Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 1

66,340 66,600 0 66,600 66,600 66,333 0

0 66,600 52,947 64,002 56,876 2

66,375 66,267 0 66,600 66,600 66,466 0

55 66,400 53,013 65,800 56,876 3

66,184 66,400 0 66,600 66.467 66,600 0 19,807 66,133 52,347 66,466 56,410 4

66,358 66,134 0 66,267 66,600 66,600 0 54,245 66,333 52,281 66,267 55,411 5

66,444 66,067 0 66,600 66,400 64,629 0 11,209 66,533 52,147 66,000 54,878 6

66,548 66,334 0 66,600 66,467 64,586 0

844 66,466 53,013 66,267 53,679 7

66,496 66,134 0 65,518 37,941 66,200 0 27,701 66,466 52,813 66,267 53,479 8

66,011 66,267 0 66,267 2,775 66,267 0 63,175 66,466 53,413 66,333 53,013 9

66,548 66,267 0 66,400 1,055 66,267 0 66,067 66,400 53,546 66,466 52,414 o,

10 66,410 66,334 0 66,467 638 66,067 0 66,000 66,400 52,880 66,333 52,547 5

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3,672 49,417 18 63,206 66,600 0 45,677 66,466 66,333 0 66,333 59,940 0 28,771 48,484 19 66,323 66,600 6,410 66,073 66,400 66,400 0 66,466 59,940 0 55,078 48,351 20 25,248 66,600 50,311 66,267 66,466 66,333 0 66,400 59,806 0 46,753 47,885 21 12,399 66,467 64,408 66,467 66,600 66,133 0 66,400 59,873 0 61,205 47,219 22 17,507 66,600 66,600 66,467 66,400 66,000 2,801 66,400 59,607 0 62,604 46,819 23 7,793 63,033 66,600 66,334 66,600 5,396 43,476 66,333 53,479 0 63,136 46,153 24 49,612 0 65,934 66,400 66,466 0 66,279 66,333 53,213 0 63,403 46,053 25 66,323 0 66,600 66,467 66,466 0

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582 66,533 53,146 304 62,204 44,289 27 66,660 0 66,600 66,267 66,400 0

0 66,533 53,146 9,598 61,671 44,289 28 66,600 0 65,934 66,600 66,333 0

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SUMMARY

OF DAMAGED FISH COLLECTED AT THE VCSNS INTAKE DURING THE STUDY PERIOD Page 1 Of 3 IMPINCEMENT STUDY FOR THE VIRGIL C.

SUMMER NUCLEAR PLANT PATHOLOGY OF ALL SPECIMENS WITH DAMAGE FOUND AT SCREEN INSPECTIDN.

PLUS HG IMPINCEMENT FOUND AT SCREEN INSPECTION AT DATE-TIME YEAR 1983 NO SPECIMENS IMPINCED AT 0345-10-28 03 INSPECTION OF SCREENS PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 10 20 03 HOUR 1545 IS DAMACED.NO ACCURATE BODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 10 28 03 HOUR 1545 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOCY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINGED AT to 20 83 HOUR 1945 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

NO SPECINENS INPINOED AT 2345-10-28 03 INSPECTION OF SCREENS NO SPECIMENS IMPINOED AT 0000-11-09 83 INSPECTION OF SCREENS PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 11 09 03 HOUR 1200 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE BODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

NO SPECINENS IMPINOED AT 1800-11-22 03 'NSPECTION OF SCREENS PATHOLOGY OF ClZZARD SHAD IMPINCE AT 12 15 03 HOUR 1600 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 12 29 83 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOCY OF CIZZARD SHAD INPINCED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF BLACK CRAPPIE IMPINGED AT 12 29 83 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC,ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF DLACK CRAPPIE IMPINCED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF C1ZZARD SHAD IMPINCED AT 12 29 83 HOUR 0000 IS SLIGHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINCED AT 12 29 83 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 0000 IS SLIGHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

7 PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 12 29 83 HOUR 0800 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

[

PATHDLOGY DF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 0000 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD GHAD IMPINCED AT 12 29 B3 HOUR 1600 IG SLICHT DAMACE. LEGIONS-EYEG. FINS MIGSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 1600 IS SLIGHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF ClZ2ARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 1600 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINGED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 1600 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 12 29 B3 HOUR I600 IS DRUISED PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFIGH IM*INGED AT 12 29 03 HOUR 1600 IG DRUlGED PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0000 IS DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIDLE.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 01 12 84 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT OAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOCY OF ClZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 01 12 84 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY DF CIZZARD GHAD IMPINGED AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0000 IG DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN PDGSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINCED AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0800 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MICSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINCED AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0000 IS DAMAOED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMPINGFD AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF ClZZARD GHAD IMPINGED AT 01 I2 04 HOUR 0000 IG DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POGSIDLE.

PATHOLOGY OF ClZlARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0000 19 SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF Cl2ZARD SHAD IMPINGED AT 01 12 84 HOUR 0000 IG DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DDDY WT/LEN PDGSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF GIZZARD SHAD IMPINCED AT 01 12 84 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMP!NGED AT 01 12 04 HOUR 0000 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF Cl2ZARD GHAD IMPINCED AT 01 12 84 HOUR 0000 IG SLICHT DAMACE. LEGIONS-EYEG. FINS MIGSINC.ETC PATHOLOGY OF CIZZAPn SHAD IMPINCED AT Ol 12 H4 HOUR 0000 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIDLE PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPlNGt'D AT Ol 12 04 HOUR 0000 IG SLICHI DAMAGE. LEGIONS-EYEG. FINS MIGSINC.ETC.

PATHOI.OGY OF OlZ1ARD SHAD IMPINGfD AT 01 12 04 HOUH 1600 IS DAMAGF.D.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE PATHOLOGY OF CIZZARD SHAD IMP ImJ I) AT 01 26 H4 HOUR 0000 IS SLIGHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

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TABLF. C-12 (Continued)

Page 3 Of 3 INPINCEMENT STUDY FOR THE VIRCIL C.

SUMMER NUCLEAR PLANT PATHOLOGY OF ALL SPECIMENS WITH DAMAGE FOUND AT SCREEN INSPECTIDN.

PLUS NO IMPINCEMENT FOUND AT SCREEN INSPECTION AT DATE-TIME YEAR 84 PATHOLOGY DF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINGED AT 05 16 84 HOUR 0100 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINGED AT 05 16 04 HOUR 0100 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY DF FLAT DULLHEAD IMPINCED AT 05 16 84 HOUR 0100 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF WARMOUTH IMPINCED AT 05 16 B4 HOUR 0100 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF DLUECILL IMPINCED AT 05 16 04 HOUR 0100 IS ENDO PARASITE P AT HOLOGY OF DLACK CRAPPIE IMPINCED AT 05 16 84 HOUR 0100 IS DAMAGED,NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE, PaTHOLOCY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 05 16 04 HOUR 0900 I S FUNGUS PATHOLOGY DF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 05 16 84 HOUR 0900 15 DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINCED AT 05 16 04 HOUR 0900 IS DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY'DF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINCED AT 05 16 04 HOUR 0900 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIDLE.

PATHOLOCY OF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINCED AT 05 16 84 HOUR 0900 IS DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIDLE, PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 05 16 04 HOUR 1700 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINCED AT 05 16 04 HOUR 1700 IS DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINCED AT 05 31 84 HOUR 0100 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

Q PATHOLOCY OF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINGED AT 05 31 84 HOUR 0900 IS DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 06 14 04 HOUR 0100 IS DAMACED,NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY DF DLUECILL IMPINGED AT 06 14 04 HOUR 0900 IS SLICHT DAMACE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPINGED AT 06 20 84 HOUR 0900 IS SLICHT DAMAGE. LESIONS-EYES. FINS MISSINC.ETC.

PATHOLOGY OF THREAOFIN SHAD IMPINCED AT 07 12 04 HOUR 0600 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF CHANNEL CATrtSH IMPINCED AT 07 12 04 HOUR 1400 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLDCY OF DLUECILL IMPINGED AT 07 12 04 HOUR 1400 13 DAMACED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POGSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINCED AT 07 12 04 HOUR 2200 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

NO SPECINENS IMPINGED AT 1500-07-26 84 INSPECTION OF SCREENS NO SPECIMENS IMPINOED AT 1590-08-10 04 INSPCCTION OF SCREENS NO SPECIMENS IMPINOED AT 0500-08-23 04 INSPECTION OF SCREENS

.PATHDLOGY OF CHANNEL CATFISH I MP I NGED AT 09 05 84 HOUR 0330 IS DAMACED.NO ACCURATE BODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

PATHOLOGY OF WHITE CATFISH IMPINGED AT 09 PO 04 HOUR 0000 IS DAMAGED.NO ACCURATE DODY WT/LEN POSSIBLE.

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! I APPENDIX D I

ECOLOGICAL SUMMARIES OF IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES i

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APPENDIX D ECOLOGICAL SUMMARIES OF IMPORTANT FISH SPECIES Gizzard Shad (Dorosoma cepedianum)

The gizzard shad is highly esteemed as a forage fish, when less than I

2 years old, and forms an important link in the food web of game fish i

as well as other species.

Of ten they tend to overpopulate, especially I

in impoundments, and an over abundance of large individuals tends to have a negative effect on the sport fishery.

The species is tolerant of excessive turbidity and waters that support little or no vegetation i

and sparse benthic fauna.

Studies of food habits indicate that phytoplankton and zooplankton are their most important food items.

Gizzard shad, especially young-of-the year individuals, are typically found in large schools made up of a single age-class of fish.

Gizzard shad spawn during May and June, and a second spawn may occur in I

late summer.

They spawn at temperatures ranging from 17.8'c to 23.9'c (64*F to 75'F).

They spawn pelagically, scattering eggs without any preparation of nest site; they pre fer shallow water away from the shore, but have been observed spawning at the surface over deep water.

The eggs are very adhesive and may float or sink, or adhere to sub-merged or floating objects.

Fecundity of shad has been determined to be approximately 40,500 ova.

A decline in fecundity with increase in size and age of fish has been noted.

Gizzard shad are not hardy fish and may quickly succumb to abrupt changes in temperature of the water I

or reduction in its dissolved oxygen content (Jester, et al., 1972).

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Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)

I Yellow perch range along the Atlantic coastal states from Nova Scotia to South Carolina.

Although they may be found in rivers, yellow perch W

prefer sluggish or still water and are most typically found in lakes.

Sandy or rocky bottoms seem to be favored habitat.

Yellow perch are found in schools throughout their life.

Spawning takes place early in the spring (early March in Monticello Reservoir) when the water temperature reaches 8'C to 10*C.

The eggs are imbedded in long gelatinous strings that adhere to the substrate.

Fecundity ranges between 10,000 to 75,000 ova and up to one-half the ova may become fertilized under favorable conditions (McClane, 1974).

I The young are heavily preyed upon and the survival rate is very low during the first year of life.

During the second and third years of li fe, mortality accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the population each year.

Sexual maturity is reached at 3 to 4 years.

I The food of the yellow perch consists of invertebrates, such as insects, crayfish, snails, and small fish.

White Catfish (Ictalurus catus)

I White catfish are found from New York to Florida in slow flowing streams, rivers, ponds, and lakes.

The preferred habitat of white catfish are areas with silty bottoms (although they are common in the riprapped areas of Monticello Reservoir).

Spawning occurs at temperatures of about 20*C in a large concave nest.

Eggs are adhesive and fecundity is said to be 4,000 ova for a 12-inch female.

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White catfish are omnivorous, but they seem to prefer fish (McClane, 1974).

Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus)

I Bluegill originally ranged from southern Ontario south through the Great Lakes and Mississippi drainages to Georgia, Texas, and North-eastern Mexico.

Widespread introduction have greatly extended this range.

The bluegill is found mainly in ponds, lakes, and sluggish streams.

They prefer protected areas with clear, quiet water, scattered beds of i

vegetation, or underwater obstructions, and a bottom of sand or gravel.

I Bluegill feed mainly on zooplankton and aquatic insects.

Other foods ingested include small fish, fish eggs, snails, small crayfish, and amphipods.

Bluegills spawn over an extended period of time, beginning when water temperatures reach 21*C and continue until cool weather occurs in the fall (Pflieger, 1975).

The extended period of spawning is due to differential maturity of fish or of eggs within a single fish.

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peak of the spawning season usually occurs in May or early June.

Fecundity of the bluegill averages about 18,000 ova per fish. The eggs I

are adhesive and are deposited in a prepared nest which is typically dished out of sand or gravel.

Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) l i

The original distribution of the largemouth bass ranged from south-eastern Canada throughout the Great Lakes region southward through the Mississippi Valley to Mexico and Florida, and on the Atlantic coast as far north as Virginia.

It is one of the most important game fishes, I

and is widely introduced.

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Largemouth bass pre fer nonflowing waters such as lakes, ponds, and j

I impoundments that have clear water and aquatic vegetation.

Largemouth bass are often found in close association with substrate irregularities such as rocks, stumps, tree tops, or riprap.

Turbidity is detrimental to growth and reproduction.

Young largemouth bass feed largely on zooplankton and small crustaceans, and as the fish mature they eat larger foods such as aquatic insect larvae; adult largemouth bass eat mainly fish, but they also take worms, mussels, frogs, crayfish, and snails (Clay, 1975).

5 Largemouth bass normally begin spawning in late April and continue until early July when water temperatures range from 16*C to 18'C.

Bass prefer a substrate such as sand, gravel, roots, or aquatic vegetation for spawning. They will not spawn on silt bottoms. Fecundity has been estimated to be about 5,000 eggs per fish.

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lI APPENDIX E 4

i LIFE HISTORY INFORMATION OF IMPINGED FISH j

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TABLE E-1 PREFERRED IIABITAT, SPAWNING SITES, SPAWNING TEMPERATURE, TYPE OF EGGS, AND NURSERY AREA OF IMPINGED FISH SPECIES Page 1 of 2 Spawning Temperature Species Preferred Habitat Spawning Sites

(*C)

Type of Eggs Nursery Area Longnose gar Lakes, cove s, rivers, back-Shallow bays and sloughs March-August Adhesive Open water waters; sluggish current or Peak in April still water Threadfin shad Open water; impoundments Underbrush, floating logs 17-21*C Adhesive

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or in open water Yellow bullhead Shallow portions of lakes, Nest under objects or in

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Adhesive

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sluggish streams, over soft burrows or holes in bank May or June bottoms Flat bullhead Streams, lakes, and ponds; Probably in sheltered area

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Adhesive

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soft muck, mud or sand bottoms Channel catfish Shelter in deep pools in Nest in natural cavities 21-29'C Adhesive Riffles, especially moderate to swif tly flowing (e.g., hollow logs) in (optimum: 27) streams; feed in riffles turbid water Flier Typically in small streams, Shallow water 17*C Adhesive Shallow water swamps, or backwaters Pumpkinseed Standing water, soft bottom, Nest in sand and gravel 15-18'C Adhesive Near surface and debri organic debris in shallow water

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Page 2 of 2 Spawning Temperature Species Preferred Habitat Spawning Sites

(*C)

Type of Eggs Nursery Area Warmouth Clear waters with abundant Nest over rubble bottom

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Adhesive; 7

vegetation and mucky bottom; lightly covered with silt demersal low current or, pre ferably,

or detritus; nest near oxbows and impoundments objects (e.g., stumps)

Redear Large, quite waters with Nest in vicinity of obstruc-21-24*C Adhesive Shallow water logs, stumps, or obstruc-tions tions White crappie Stilty rivers and lakes, Nest in w'ater up to 8 feet Adhesive

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soft or hard bottom common deep in southern impoundments fBlackcrappie Clear, slow, wrrm deep water Nest in bare spots among 17-27"C Adhesive; Move to deep, open over hard or soft bottom; aquatic vegetation or demersal water when leaving of ten around aquatic vegeta-slong undercut river banks nest tion White bass School in open; clear water Open water over gravel 13-16*C Adhe sive ;

Shallow areas near over a hard bottom bottom; also riffle areas demersal river banks and shallow water among rocks

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