ML20091G413
| ML20091G413 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Vogtle  |
| Issue date: | 05/25/1984 |
| From: | Foster D GEORGIA POWER CO. |
| To: | Adensam E Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| References | |
| GN-360, NUDOCS 8406040266 | |
| Download: ML20091G413 (287) | |
Text
Georgia Power Company 333 Piedmont Avenue At anta. Georgia 30303 i Teleptone 404 526-7726 l I
Maihng Address:
Post Off:ce Box 4545 Attanta, Georg'a 30302 L Georgia Power D. O. Foster tre scutt;cin eittlic system Vice Pres dent and General Manager Voglie Project May 25, 1984 Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation File: X7BC35 Attention: Ms. Elinor G. Adensam, Chief Log: GN-360 Licensing Branch #4 Division of Licensing U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555 NRC DOCKET NUMBERS 50-424 AND 50-425 CONSTRUCTION PERMIT NUMBERS CPPR-108 AND CPPR-109 V0GTLE ELECTRIC GENERATING PLANT - UNITS 1 AND 2 REQUEST FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION - SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION TO ER-OL AMENDMENT 3
Dear Mr. Denton:
In Ms. Adensam's letter dated April 17, 1984, requests were made for supplemental information which is not part of the ER-OL. This material is being sent as enclosures to this letter. Attached is a listing of the enclosures being provided.
If you have any questions concerning the enclosed information, do not i hesitate to contact us.
Yours truly,
, . N D. O. Fost r DOF/KWK/sw Enclosure xc: M. A. Miller R. A. Thomas ;
J. A. Bailey O. Batum L. T. Gucwa Ng
%,+ p g $
G. F. Trowbridge, Esquire G. Bockhold, Jr.
D. G. Eisenhut g opJLe
._", fst 94 *- 'M S406040266 840525 PDR ADOCK 05000424 C PDR _
SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: AMENDMENT 3 TO THE ER-OL NRC QUESTION # MATERIAL # COPIES E290.13 " Sound level study at the 6 Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant Site Prior to Construction" by C. E. Hickman, Southern Company Services, Inc. 1974.
" Construction Sound Level Survey, 6 Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant" by C. E. Hickman and H. A. Feariug, Southern Company Services, Inc.
May 1981.
E290.14 " Sound Level Study, Miller Arkadelphia 6 500 KV Transmission Line Study" Southern Company Services.
E290.15 " Cooling Tower Noise" Southern 6 Company Services.
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GEORGIA POWER COMPANY ALVIN W. V0GTLE NUCLEAR PLANT f
a l- SOUND LEVEL STUDY AT THE
- ALVIN W. V0GTLE NUCLEAR PLANT SITE PRIOR TO CONSTRUCTION I'
3 ,
4
^
'Research Department j- SOUTHERN SERVICES, INC.
. Birmingham, Alabama i~
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SOUND LEVEL STUDY AT THE ALVIN W. V0GTLE NUCLEAR PLANT SITE PRIOR T:0. CONSTRUCTION INTRODUCTION A Sound level study was performed at the Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant site on May 14-15, 1974. Results of the survey are presented in the following formats.
- 1. Nine pages of Noise Survey Forms
- 2. Chart recordings of sound level as a function of time.
Location of the measurements are noted on the Site Plot Plan, Figure 2.1-3 of the Environmental Report and on sketches on the Noise Survey Forms. ,
RESULTS ,
- a. Ambient Sound Levels The main purpose of the survey was to ascertain noise levels prior to the beginning of construction of the nuclear units. A significant number of measurements, tabulated on pages 1 and 2 of the Noise Survey Forms, were taken during the evening hcurs of May 14, 1974. Sound levels ranged from 22-39 dBA with most readings falling in the 25-30 dBA range. Under calm wind conditions the sound level fell to 22 dBA but increased to 34 dBA when the wind gusted to
. 7 mph. The large increase was dua primarily to rustling leaves. The 39 dBA reading occurred at the South fence line of the combustion turbine p_lant and
-the main contributors were the transformers since no combustion turbines were operating.
Other noise sources at the observation points were a number of singing birds and other night life sounds.
As a matter of interest it'was noted that passing traffic produced sound levels of 80-88 dBA at positions along the road bounding the western 1
s 1
2-and southern property lines.
Pages 2 and 3 of the Noise Survey Forms indicate that sound levels of 28-44 dBA were measured around the site during the following morning. The highest noise level of 44 dBA occurred during wind gusts of up to 10 mph.
Generally, wooded areas, such as the proposed intake structure area, had higher sound levels due to the wind in the trees.
A magnetic tape recording was made at the N80+00, E81+00 location and the resulting sound levels as a function of time are plotted on Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 1 indicates that the dBA sound level, in general, varied from 25-30 dBA at the N80+00, E81+00 position. The sharp peaks on the graph are the result of bird calls such as whippoorwills. The dB linear sound levels as shown on Figure 2 range from 35-45 dB. A fuel truck at the combustion turbine plant increased the sound level to above 50 dB linear.
A comparison of Figures 1 and 2 indicates the following.
(1) The A-weighted sound levels are approximately 10 dB lower than the dB linear sound levels.
(2) Peaks in the A-weighted response due to high frequency bird calls are more pronounced since the low frequencies (<1000Hz) in the sound level spectrum are attenuated by the weighting network.
(3) Truck noise has less effect on the A-weighted response since it is predominantly low frequency.
- b. Transformer Sound Levels Sound levels produced by large transformers prese'ntly at the combustion turbine site were also measured and the results are tabulated on pages 4 and 5 of the Noise Survey Forms. At 3' from the transformers the sound levels were 79-80 dBA with the predominant frequency being 125Hz. Although the effect on the dBA sound level was minimal at a position such as N80+00
, 3' where a magnetic tape recording was made, the 125Hz tone was clearly audible.
This position is approximately one mile 'from the transformers.
~
During the above tests none of the combustion turbines were operating.
- c. Sound Levels Around Combustion Turbines Sound level measurements were taken around combustion turbine SE at 3' distances from major components. These data plus additional measurements i
associated with the combustion turbines are tabulated on pages 6-9 of the Noise Survey Forms.
The levels obtained around combustion turbine SE ranged from 81 dBA 3' East of the turbine to 92 dBA near the generator and exciter.
Rather high noise levels were observed inside the enclosure, e.g.,
105 dBA at the turbine,114 dBA at the generator intake and >116 dBA at the i
bearing compartment between the turbine and generator. The sound level was 94-96 dBA.on the turbine platform and d3 dBA at the exciter view window.
Midway between two operating combustion turbines (50 and SE) the sound level was 82 dBA.
The decrease in the sound level'as a function of distance from 100' to 2000' from the combustion turbines is noted on page 8 of tne Noise Survey Forms. The 6 dB decrease for each doubling of distance rule for this situation is quite closely achieved.
4
. t 4-4
SUMMARY
This report is the first of a number concerned with sour.d levels at the Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant site. The main concern of this study was the determination of sound levels prior to construction ~. A second study will 1
focus on construction noise and a third will contain predictions of sound
-levels during operation. Finally, actual operating sound levels will be mea-sured.
To fulfill one of the provisions of the Noise Control Act of 1972, the Environmental Protection Agency has published the document "Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite To Protect Public H$alth and Welfare With An Adequate Margin of Safety." The recommendation for e,nvironmental noise in the above, document is a day-night average L =55 dB. This sound dn i- level is equivalent to 49 dBA.
4 As indicated in this report sound levels measured at the property i lines prior to the beginning of construction of the nuclear units are below
, the recommended value of the Environmental Protection Agency.
a
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s PAGE I CF 9
/ 7, j NOISE SURVEY FORM SOUTHERN SERVICES t?.:
p, j P.o. Box 2G25 BIRMINGHAM, AL ABA'AA3C.
CU ENT: Georgia Power Co. - Plant Voctle *
. PRIMARY NolSE SOURCE:
JOB NO: 042 DATE: 5/14/74 EQulP. MAKE a MoDEL:
ODSERVERS: _JH.C.kman_and_Chaenion CLIENT oESIGNATloN: '
@ SL.Y: TYPE _B&K 2209 SER.# 45424Q o PER ATING CONDITIONS: __hJh.jpnt avoninn TRANSDUCER: TYPE _ B&K4145 S ER.# A58H8_ e n"n ri lavale 3 ANALYZER: TYPE B&K 1613 SER.# 460875 m
g CASLE: TYPE LENGTH h CA LI B R AToR : TYPE B&K 4220 SER.# 457476 SECONDARY NolSE SOURCE:
~ l oTH ER : __Wi ndscreen ECUIP MAKE 8 MoDEL:
nur shA TEMP. %RH MMMS ,
I OPERATING CONDITIONS:
18:10!OK 75 0-7 SSE SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2og N/M#rms TEST Post- '
TIM E CO N DLT ion S A OVER l OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREoVENCY, Hz.
No. Tion SCALE ALL Ltytt Lev tl 31.5 63 125 250 soo ioco 2 coo 4000 l e c; 4/-
1 l18:15l A fiW Corner of property 30 I 2 I18:22l B !
N 111+00. E 15+00 30 35 28 30 26 27 30 30 20 15 I I0 11 60+00, E 37+00 D 3 l18:35 C 34 >
4 18:45 l I
At Ebenezer Church Road E f5 D 35 29 26 25 25 22 17 15 12 I ll 5 18:55l E h1 22+00 E 110+00 25 6 l19:05 F 'll 60+00, E 143+00 39 '
7 l2000 c h176+00,E106+00 27 !
_8 20:10l H N 76+00, E 115+00 28 l
,, ot AGRAM- SHoW ME ASURING LOCATIONS:
- Positions are located aCCording to " plant grid system." See site plot plan, Figure 2.1-3 of the Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant Environmental Report.
NOTES:
Position B - Birds increased sound level to 38 dBA .
Position C - Passing traffic produced sound levels of 80-88 dBA.
Sound level of 34 dBA produced when wind gusted to 7 mph Position F - South fence at Combustion turbine plant; sound level primarily due to transformers, no Combustion turbines on l
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RECOMMENDATIONS: i i
PAGE 2 OF 9
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'. NOISE SURVEY FORM SOUTHERN SERVICES INC.
~l P.O. B o x 26 2 5
..M BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 352C' CU ENT __6_Rorgia Power Co. - Plant '!q 'lo *
-PRir'ARY NOISE SOURCE:
JOS !!O: 042 DATE: 5/14/15/7A EQulP. M AKE 8 MODEL:
f 6
OBSERVERS: Hickman and Chamoion CLI ENT DESIGNATION: '
l}l SL": TY PE _BJdL2209 S ER. ie a54240 OPER ATING CONDITIONS: .AChient eveninn l
i
} TR A.*4 SDuCER : TYPE B&K 4145 SER.* d56988- and m.orninn ennnd levale '
A *? A LY Z E R : TY P E B&K 1613 S ER. s* 260875 Three Combustion turbines on_aftnr 1(h00am_
l51 -
'3 ' CABLE: TYPE LENGTH -
CALL 3 RATOR: TYPE J&K 4220 SER.# d57d76 SECONDARY NOISE SOURCE:
j ~ l oTsER. Windscreen and Naara tace recorder. EQulP. MAKE a MODEL:
~
truc anA- t r u m. %nM uund , ,
W M E @ 'W M l !
OPER ATING CONDITIONS:
E21:30IOK l ! t l9:00 l OK I
- SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 204 N/M tms I p ,
,;g- TIM E CONDITIONS A oven OCTAVE B AND CENTER FREoVENCY, Hz.
' TIO:4 SC ALC ALL May 14, 1974 tevcL tevrL u.s o irs so sco icoo zoco 4eco soco ;
i 9 ! 20:2.5 I N 80+00. E 81+00 2R 40 20 in 1R 17 ?O 2n 2n ?? gn i 1
l l Mav 1R- lo7a I 8 5g LO I9:3.0 N 80+00. E 81+00 l 1 l 9:35 J Borehole No. 620 d4 h
'2 1 I9:45 K IN138+00.E40+00 34
'13 l9:55 L lN105+00.E20400 3444 4-4 l10:05l M
, Tower 8. River Facility R dn- Q DIAGR AM- SHOW ME ASuRING LOCATIONS:
' Positions are located aCCording to " plant grid system." See site plot plan, Figure 2.1-3 of the Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant Environmental Report VOTES:
Positions I&J - Some drilling activity during AM but not PM :
)ositions L - Higher noise level of 44 dBA occurred during wind gusts of up to 10 mph. *
'ositions I - Magnetic tape recording made at 20:25.
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R ECOM M E ND ATION S :
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, NOISE SURVEY 'FORM SOUTHERN SERVICES INC.
, P.O. Box 26 25
, , _,,.5 BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 35X4 CU ENT: Georcia Power Co. D1 ant Yogtle *
.. PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE:
J03 NO: 042 DATE: 5/15/74 ECUIP. M AKE 8 MODEL:
OGSERVERS: _tii_qkman and Ch!PM on CLIENT DESIGNATION:
f { j SLM TY3EJ&K 2200 SER.# d5d7dQ__ O PER ATIN G CONDITIONS: .Ambiellt mnrning l
} e 'YRANSouCER: TYPE B&K 4145 S E9.:4 456988 sound levels 5
s,
! !.N A LY Z ER : TYP E _ B&K 1613 SER.# 460875
'g[CADLE: TYPE LENGTH _.
st
, g l CAltBRATOR: TYPE _,E&K 4220 _ SER.# 457476 SECONDARY NOISE COURCE:
l CTH ER: _WifdlLCf_een EQUIP. MAKE S MODEL:
j
- vt sRA T E M P. %AM uuMi ",',"g CLIENT DESIGNATION:
o, ,
OPER ATING CONDITIONS:
- SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 20g N/M#rms l TEST POSI- -
TIM E CONDITIONS A OVE8 OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY,Hr.
N O. TION SC A LE ALL LEVEL LEVEL 31.5 63 2? 250 500 10 C 0 2000 40C0 8C00 j l10:10 br. Brown'sCabin D
_15 N 40
!10:25l 0 40
_7g Intake structure area 42 17 f10:35 P N 80+00. E 117+00 40
'N 80+00, E 113+00 35
_18 l 10:55 - 0 40 l
DI AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS:
- Positions are located aCCording to " plant grid System." See site plot plan, Figure 2.1-3 of the Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant Environmental Report.
l R ECOM M E ND ATIONS :
PAGE4 C : 9_.
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NOISE SURVEY FORM SOUTHERN SERVICES INC
} PO. Box 2625
. , _ M BIR MINGHAY , AL A B A'.'A 3 57.
I ;u ENT: Georaia Power Co. - Plant 'logtle ' PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE : Transfnrmers JOB NO: Q42 DATE: 5/14/74 EQUIP. M AKE a MODEL:
- CSSERVERS
- .__ Hj C kman_and_ChamDdQn CLIENT DESIGNATION:
! :j ; st" TYPE B&K 2209 SER.0 454249 OPERATING CoNoiTroNS: All of the Contwition_
! U ' TnA iscuCER: TYPE B&K 4145 SER.d+ 456988 turbines were off l5!A,ALYZER: TYPE 9&K 1613 SER.r,*460375
- :i g g 'l C ABLE: TYPE LENGTH l h CAL!SRATOR: TYPE .. B&K4 220 SER. # 457476 SECONDARY NOISE SOURCE:
l OTH ER: Wi,0dSCreen EQUIP MAXE 8 MODEL:
Ti u t RA.
Trup. % RH uuno [ ,
CWU ENW@:
OPER ATING CONDITIONS:
l l
. SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,c8 RE 20u N/M #rms p ,
CONDITIONS A OVE8 N O'
' T!ON OCTAVE DAND CENTER FREQUENCY,H:.
SC A LE ALL Transformers Levet Levet s '. s 63 ens aso l s:o iocej:co .eco ; .:::
39 20:45 Al 3' W of transformer 3 79 92 53 69 91 82 !77 71 I
68 ;63 '52 20 I B1 3' W of transformer 2 80 91- '53 56 88 '8 8 I78 64 '65 !61 51 N' W of transformer 1 21 i C1 79 89 56 62 34 k6 f76 71 I 65 5R !
49__
_22 I 01 $'S '
of transformer 1 79 89 '4 64 86 'B2 '83 I 63 49 40 '30 6
23 El 3' E of transformer 1 78 85 h3 '64 80 '81 '82 l67 l57 !44 l35 24 F1 3' fl of transformer 1 77 90 50 57 39 B1 !76 61I 50 40 33 !
25 G1 hidway-xformers1&2 64 80 57 51 31 63 '57 !49 '45 !3 8 I 28 26 H1 3' fl of transformer 2 79 88 52 53 $4 33 l81 l67 ;51 l41 l32 CI AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS:
- See diagram for numbering of transformers Conusnoa Sh 56 SC 50 S'E 5F %ein.s I 2 3 T%5fowE45 R ECOM M E ND ATioNS :
Pt.G E 5 0F 1 7-.r --l
/ ,{ NOISE SURVEY FORM SOUTHERN SERVICES INC.
, . ;\s P.O. Box 26 2 5 BIRMINGHAM, ALABAMA 3520:
I CL!ENT: Georgia Power Co. - Plant Vootle *
' PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE: Transformers
. Jos No: 042 DATE: 5/14/74 EQUlP. M AKE a MODEL:
' OESERVERS: Hickman and Cha cion CLIENT DESIGNATION: 5 s ! stu: TvPE B&K 2209 sER.# 454249 opggarino conoirions: All of the !
I l l 7R ANSOUCER : B&K TYPE 4145 SER.d HMS_ Comtutstion turbines were off !
5'
'n!A'ALYZER:
TYP E B&K 1613 SER.,e 460875 3 j C ABLE: TYPE LENGTH l
, CA LI S R ATOR : TYPE R&K 4220 SER.# 457476 SECONDARY NOISE SOURCE:
l OTHER: Windscr_eRI1 EQUIP. MAKE S MODEL:
ttut RA T E M *. %RH MMMg *g',N CLIENT DESIGNATION:
g g, OPER ATING CONDITIONS: '
21:30 OK !
i l
i i
. SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 20u N/M*rms j TEST P TIM E CONDITIONS A OVER OCTAVE B AND CENTER FREQUENCY, Hz. l
".. g- TION SCALE ALL .
Transforcers Levet Levet s i.s s3 its l so soo ioco zooo 4eco j ecce r h7 l21:15l Il 50' W. of transformer 1 go 71 52 50 64 66 65 53 .47 41l33 28 I J1 100' W. of transformer 1 55 72. !52 53 !65 61 54 45l43 36 I 25 29 K1 At fence, W. of xfmr. 3 54 63 52 48 57 56 55 37l33I30 20
- 30 l L1 At fence, W. of xfmr. 1 56 69 !48 53 69 60 55 40l35 27 17 i 31 M1 At tnwere. U nf vfmrt. 51 65 50 50 l66 49 42 38l35 25 15 i l
Ol AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS:
OSee Sketch on page 4 i
Q ECOM M E ND ATIONS : l ti
PAGE.6_ OF J
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, NOISE SURVEY FORM SOUTHERN SERVICES INC.
P.O. Box 2G25 BIRMINGHAY, ALABAMA 35202 C t.t ENT: Georgia Power Co. - Plant Vogtle '
-PRtuARY NoiSt SOURCE: Combystion Turbj.ne l dB NO: 042 DATE: 5/15/74 EQUIP. M AKE & MODEL: Westinghouse 60_.EW OESERVERS: _.Hickman and Champion _ CLIENT CESIGNATION: SE b i SLm TYPE._1&R 2209 sER.9 454249 OPER ATING CON 0lTIONS: _k0lt running 5_ Ta ANSoucER: TYPE B&K 4145 sER.4 456988
, .At 60 MW .
SIAn:LYZER: TYPE B&K 1613 ;
sER.u 460875__.
a g;l CABLE:TYPE LENGTH --
1 l h CALISHATOR: TYPE B&K 4220 SER.o 457476 SECCNDARY NOISE SOURCE: _
l i OTH ER: Wind $Creen EQUIP. MAKE 8 MODEL:
uve sha'."
78 0 "
T e u r. %RH uuns (, o, WMD U OPERATING CONDITIONS:
- !9
- 00 I OK h
. SOUNC PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2Ou N/M tms l TEST POSI-TIME CONDITIONS A OVE" OCTA%E BAND CENTER FREQUENCY, Hr.
NO. TION sc A tt att l
I Combustion Turbine SE tevet tevat s i.s o irs aso soo ioco acco .oco acco; r
32 !11:05 A2 3' South of turbine 86 103 132, 97 g4 ag__,gt' .7g 78 7o l ng_
- 33 i 82 Below intake louvers 83 98, 98 90 90 84 80 74 75 60 68 .
34 I C2 3' S. of intake Silencer 85 97 95 94 83 83 '77 78 81 78 67 l 35 I D2 3' South of generator 90 99 94 90 !86 84 81 85 84 81 74
_36 l E2 3' South of exciter 92 99 of '92 94 86_ 87_._.8.4 RE AA 76 I I 37 F2 3' une t nf n e i tor. 73 96 88 87 81 72 70 66 '64 61 51 !
i
_38 I G2 3' florth of exciter 90 101I92 98 92 88 87 85 83 81 73 !
39 l Hp 3' tiorth of generator 92 l102 95 97 85 84 83 83 87 83 75 '
Of AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONSs gg ,
W3 N b 12
- 72 12 eu. aw. 5E rua. ua <
- A 01. ( } BL At c2
.i R ECOM M E N0 ATIONS :
PAGE OF 9
/qt t.-
i NOISE SURVEY FORM SOUTHERN SERVICES !!.~
"T.N.. P. O. B o x 26 2 5
_. . _ __ .).*
BIRMINGHAM, ALA8A'.tA 35Z CLIENT: Georgia Power CO. - Plant V0gtle *
. PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE:
Combustion J03 NO. 042 5/15/74 Westinghouse 60 MW DATE: EOUIP. M AKE a MODEL:
OBSERVERS: Hickm an and Champion CLIENT DESIGNATION: SE g i sLu: TYPE ____B&K_2209 SER.# 454249 OPER ATING CONDITIONS: Unit SE 5 TRANSDUCER: TYPE B&K 4145 SER.4 456988 running at 60 MW bat:ALYZER: TYPE B&K 1613 SER.# 460875
. =
j g CABLE: TYPE LENGTH CALIB RATOR : TYPE B&K 4220_ SER.# 457476 SECONDARY NOISE SOURCE:
OTHER: Ri_DdSArlSn EQUIP, MAKE a MODEL:
~
Tout sna- T E M P. % AH M MHh I' "
P o
. OPER ATING CONDITIONS:
.f
} * . SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 20g N/M*rms TEST POSI-TIM E CONDITIONS A OVER N O. TION OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY,Hz.
sc A LE Att Combustion Turbine SE tevet tevEt s r.s as its l so soo ioco acco 4ecolsee:
l I0 11:25 12 3' West Of fans 90 104 99 93 88l84 83 84 84 81 ! 74 j 4.1 l J2 3' North Of tur.bine 90 107 103 99 94 87 82 81 182 85 76 I
42 K2 3' East of turbine 81 106 102 99 94 81 74 65 64 66 56 43 L2 Midway between 50 & SE 82 104 101 92 88 81 75, 72 74 '73 62 l l i I .
I i DI AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS: 1
- See Sketch On page 6 4
4 4
RECOM M E NO ATIONS : i l
PAGE O oF 9
%3 . ..
...g i NOISE SURVEY FORM S ouTriERN SERVICES lNC.
~ 7. : P. O. 80 s 26 2 5
,J.d DIRMiNGHA'1, ALABAMA 3520 4
l cJ. ENT: Georgia Power Co. - Plant Vogtle PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE: Combustion Turbines JOB NO: 042 DATE: 5/15/74 Westinghouse 60 MW EOUIP. M AKE a MODEL:
l 03ERVERS. Hickman and Cha aion CLIENT DESIGNATION: SA-5F :
- g ,an Tys E B&K 2209 sER.s 454249 OPER ATING con 0iTioNS
- -Combustion i?
aANsc;CER: TYPE B&K 4105 SER d 456988 turbines SA, 5B, and SE on 5::..:tyzt9: TYPE B&K 1613
_ ssR.# _460875
}, CABLE: TYPE LENGTH
, CAL!B R AToR: TYPE R&K 4220___ SER.# 457476 SECONDARY NOISE SOURCE:
' ] OTHER: _ Windscreen ECUIP Mt.XE O MODEL:
- ,. .,E
- n':
T'*"
,E. v. . - - ,. ' *';;
, *, ',7 CUENT DEMNATION:
OPER ATING CON 0lT10NS:
p ,
SOUNO PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 20g N/M'rms TIME CON 0lTIONS A OVE8
- 40. TlON OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY,H2.
sc A LE ALL LEVEL LEVEL 31.5 63 125 2000 4000 0000 250lSCO 10 C 0 1 44 ! 11:40lM2 100' W. of SE Centerline 72 94 87 86 80 70 71 64!64 60l54 I I
!._A5 f42 200' W. of SE Centerline 66 90 82 81 74 69 63 60 I 58 54 4 6_ __
I 95I85 82!75!67 62 51 52 48l42
_4R . n? !300' W. of SE Centerline 64
_47 l lP2 I400' W. of SE Centerline 60 84l83 30I75I63 55 52 47 45 32
_48 02 l500' W. of SE centerline 59 82 ! 81 78 72 60 55 l46 45 43 31 1
49 R2 :800' W. of SE Centerline 54 78 77 74 66 55 49 39 38 37 22 50 l S2 I l000' W. of SE centerline 50 75 75 73 65 54 39 33l32l32 18 51 l T2 l2000' W. of SE Centerline 40 67 66 62 44l36 35 33 l29 l25 18 O! AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS: ;
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G ECOM M E ND A TIONS :
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PAGE 9 C: 9
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NOISE SURVEY FORM SOUTHERN S ERv10ES :,'.C T, P.O. Box 262S
.. .a BIRMINGHAM, ALAGAN'A 352' '
I
- CL!ENT: _. Georgia Power Co. -
Plant Vogtla .
PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE:CCmbus.ticn-.I.urhines JOS NO: 0_42 DATE: 5/1E/74 EQUIP. M AKE a MODEL: tJactinghntren An MU OBSERVERS: Hickma.n_.and_Chamof on .
CLIENT DESIGNATION: SR
' $ 1 SLM: TYPE __ B&K 2209 SER.# 454249 QPERATING CONDITIONS: Combustion E l Tw;SouCER : TYPE B&K 4145 SER.# 456988 turbines SA, 58. and SE On A;;ALYZCR TYP E B&K 1613 SER.# 460875
.7 g CASLE: TYPE LENGTH CA LI B R ATOR : TYPE __B&K_4220 SER.# 457476 SECONDARY NOISE SOURCE:
OTHER: ,__Jii_ndSCre ert EQUIP. MAKE a MODEL:
tne t A. T E u P. %RH WMHG I OPER ATING CON 0lTIONS:
12:30' OK l
l -
SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,d8 RE 20; N/M
- rrns TESY POSI-TIM E CONDITIONS A OVER OCTAVE B At40 CENTER FREQUENCY, Pt.
fiO. TION sc A LE ALL LEVEL LEVEL 3 f.S 43 12S 1:03 40C0 l 4;C; 250fSCO 80 C 0 52 l12:10 U2 At turbine - inside encl. 105 I I
Turbine platform 94~
53 V2 _
__54 I W2 Bearing Compartment
- 116 55 l X2 !G enerator intake 114 56 l Y2 Exciter view window 93 57 l Z2 'InSide trailer 67 l
DI AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS:
- Bearing Compartment between turbine and generator 5
R ECOM M E ND ATIONS:
Broel & Kper
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T#-i,~,, " " # ALVIN W. VOCTLE UUCLEAR PLANT EliVIR0!! MENTAL REPORT g SITE PLOT FLAN FIGURE 2.13 4 ' Arnend. 2 11/26/73 _ _ _ _ 8400040200-01 .
h CONSTRUCTION SOUND LEVEL SURVEY Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant C. E. Hickman , H. A. Fearing 4 Southern Company Services, Inc. Birmingham, Alabama May 1981 b ' s -_-__m__._.______.___m'E..__m_.____m______m____ _____E_.___m__
( INTRODUCTION The following sound surveys have been conducted at the Plant Vogtle site as required for plant licensing:
- a. A pre-construction survey was performed at the site on May 14-15, 1974.
- b. A survey was conducted during plant construction on April 14-17,1981.
MONITORING LOCATIONS Pre-Construction Sound Survey (May 14-15, 1974) Ambient sound levels were measured at nine accessible locations - around the property line and at other representative points on the site. C Readings were also taken around the combustion turbines already on the . site. Sound levels were measured during the morning and evening hours. Results of the survey were transmitted in the 1974 Southern Services, Inc. report, " Sound Level Study at the Alvin W. Vogtle Nuclear Plant Site Prior to Construction." Construction Sound Survey (April 14-17, 1981) Readings were taken at eight of the nine 1974 locations along the site property line to facilitate comparison. Sound levels were measured at each of these locations approximately every four hours, from morning until evenin'g. In addition, a continuous sound monitoring system was set up on three consecutive days in three representative locations near the property line. This system made and stored 15-minute averages of k +
sound levels all day and all night in each location. A short tape C. recording of the sounds was also made at each of these continuous monitoring locations and at a location near the power block. EQUIPMENT The equipment used in the surveys is listed below: l May 1974 Survey l Bruel & Kjaer 2209 Sound Level Meter SN 454249 Bruel & Kjaer 4145 Condenser Microphone SN 456988 Bruel & Kjaer 1613 Octave Band Analyzer SN 460875 Bruel & Kjaer 4220 Pistonphone Calibrator SN 457476 Windscreen l l April 1981 Survey ! ( Bruel & Kjaer 2215 Sound Level Analyzer SN 691966 i j Bruel & Kjaer 4165 Condenser Microphone SN 708658 l ! Bruel & Kjaer 4230 Acoustic Calibrator SN 725248 l
!!etrosonics dB-602 Sound Level Analyzer SN 1136 '
Metrosonics MK-601R 1/4" Microphone Metrosonics CL-302 Calibrator SN 1667 Windscreens . Nagra DJ Tape Recorder SN D-4L73 Calibration was performed before and after each set of measure-l ments. MONITORINO PROCEDURE pre-Construction Sound Survey ( s A-weighted sound levels were taken at each location during the curvey. In addition, octave band analyses were done at several loeptions. j The measurement locations can be seen in Figure 1.
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-A-weighted and C-weighted sound levels were measured 'at each location along the property line. The sound levels were taken when there was little or no road noise or. bird noise. In breezy conditions, readings were taken in a calm moment when possible. Timely calibration
[ of the equipment was performed. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS Pre-Construction Survey Some of the A-weighted sound levels taken in the 1974 survey can be seen in Table 1. Sound levels ranged from 22 to 42 dBA with most readings j falling in the 25-30 dBA range. Rustling leaves from wind gusts caused j levels of 34 to 44 dBA. Bird calls caused levels of 35-45 dBA. Passing - road traffic produced levels of 80-88 dBA at some locations. The-combustion { turbines were not operating at the time of the property line sound i measurements. With the combustion turbines off, transformer noise was dominant at location F. l Construction Sound Survey l Sound level measurements taken along the site property line during the construction survey are compared with pre-construction ~1evels in Table 1. For'the construction survey, the range of values measured and
- the arithmetic average of all readings at each location'are~ tabulated.
4-Increases of 10-15 dB over the 1974 levels'seem to have occurred at
' locations C"and D,' points relatively close to the main area offconstruc-tion'. Smaller increases were found at locations A, B,.E, and'K.--Location 0 served as a' water pumping station. Levels were generally quiet but f'
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Table 1. Comparison of Pre-Construction Sound Levels with Levels During Construction. Pre-Construction Construction Levels (April 1981), Measurement Levels (May 1974), dBA Location - dBA Range Average 9 A 27 27-40 32 B 25-30 27-39 33 C 25-34 35-47 41 D 22-25 23-47 36 , E 25 24-42 31 b F 39 46-60 ' 51 K 34 28-35 32 0 40-42 34-55 39 1 Y
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during pumping reached 77 dBA 100 feet from the pump. A complete set of sound level readings is contained on 11 Noise Survey Forms in the Appendix. Construction noise was barely audible at most measurement locations. The noise typically consisted of steady vehicle and construction sounds, along with occasional loud engine noise from cranes or earth-movers. Other intermittent sounds included beeping from vehicles backing up and pounding from a pile driver. Non-construction sounds present included bird chirping, traffic sounds, and rustling of leaves during breezy conditions. Insect noise was not evident during the daytime measure-i ments. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show how sound levels typically varied with time at monitoring-points S1, S2 and S3. Note that the base levels on , the charts correspond well with readings taken at these three locations, )- f as recorded in the Noise Survey Forms. Continuous readings were taken at locations S1, S2 and S3, chosen as representative monitoring points and as relatively safe places to leave the analyzer. Figures 5, 6 and 7'show sound levels energy-averaged at 1-hour intervals at the three locations rounded to the nearest dB. L is an energy-average A-weighted sound level. L and L 10' 50 90 *** the sound levels exceeded 10, 50 and 90 percent of the time, respectively. L 10 is also called the " intrusive" noise level. L50 is the median sound level. L can be thought of as the amMent or background noise level 90 and should correspond roughly to the sound level readings taken every four hours along the property line. The complete set of 15-minute
' average levels can be found in the Appendix.
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" beeping" Figure 4. Sound Level in dBA measured at location S3 on April 15,1981 at 12:54 p.m.
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. l Monitor Site S1 (April 14-15) was located on a bluff overlooking a " spoiling" pit just outside the meteorological station fence. The construction site was partially visible from this location. Notable at S1 (Figure 5) is the sudden increase in levels, especially L50 ""d 190' after 5 p.m. It was learned the day after monitoring that this increase was due to heavy equipnent dumping spoiled fill into the pit during the second shift. Weather station records showed winds gusted up to 35 miles per hour in the early morning hours of April 15, which corresponded to higher levels recorded by the monitor. Measurements made ddring this time were not accurate. Ignoring the data taken during windy conditions, the average L, for the location was 46 d3.
Figure 6 shows the sound levels recorded at Monitor Site S2 (April. . 15-16) located about 50 yards north of the new River Road. The construction ( site was partially visible from this location also. Because of the v monitor's proximity to the main road and the restaurant, high sound levels were measured at shif t changes from 4-5 p.m. and 12:30-1:30 a.m. and at the supper period from 8-9 p.m. Construction noise, although still low, was more obvious at this location than at any other. This observation is consistent with the L 10 levels measured; the " background" sound level was considerably higher at location S2 than at the other two monitor sites. Gusty conditions on the morning of April 15. raised measured levels somewhat. Monitor Site S3 was located about 50 yards from the dirt road northeast of the construction site in the transmission line clearing. Figure 7 shows this site to be the quietest of the three. The average L for the monitoring period was 43 dB. A road grader caused high k. sound levels before 11 a.m. on April 16. d
O i a FIGURE 5 PLANT VOGTLE CONSTRUCTION SOUND SURVEY MONITOR SITE S 1
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l The Environmental Protection Agency in its March 1974 publication "Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with an Adequate Margin of Safety," recommends an environmental noise level that does not exceed the day-night average L an
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" daytime" hours from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m., the L is the average sound level for the nine " nighttime" hours. Using the average L, values for the daytime and nighttime periods at locations S1, S2 and S3, L dn values were estimated. Tatle 2 shows the L levels are above 55 dB for locations dn S1 and S2 because of the difficulty in getting only construction noise' data during the breezy conditions and shift changes. Ldn ** ""U "
is well below 55 dB with no adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Sound levels in some locations along the plant property line have increased since construction has begun. Construction noise at the 4 property line is usually barely audible and is often overshadowed by sounds from traffic, birds, and windy conditions. L levels calculated dn from data taken along the property line do not exceed levels deemed acceptable by the Environmental Protection Agency. b . ee 9 9-
( Table 2. Values of L dn Calculated Using L Data from Locations S1, S2, and S3, eq Monitoring Values (in dBA) calculated Values (in dBA) calculated omitting Location using all data, data taken during windy conditions
'and shift changes, E E E E
. d 'n l dn d n dn S1 46 51 57 46 49 55 S2 50 50 56 50 48 55 l S3 44 44 50 ,
o 4 I 9 9 L
Appendix
- 1. Noise Survey Forms
- 2. 15-minute average levels - Monitor sites S1, S2 and S3.
e e L i e e L
PAGE OF NOISE SURVEY FORM southern Company Services. Inc. P. O. Box 2625 Birmengham, Alabama 3S202 CLIENT: GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NolSE SOURCE: JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/14/81 EQUIP, M AKE 8 MoDEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearin9 CLIENT DESIGNATloN:
$ SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
TRANSDUCER: TYPE B&K 4165 SER.# 708658 d AN ALYZ ER : TYPE RAK 2?!6 SER.# 601066 C ABLE: TYPE LENGTH h CALIB RAToR: TYPE B&K 4230 SER.# 725248 SECONDARY NolSE SOURCE: oTHER: Windscreen EQUIP. MAKE 8 MoDEL:
~
TIM E RA- TEMP. %RH M MHG CLIENT DESIGNATloN: P O oPER ATING CONDITIONS: 8:40 94 75 S UND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2og N/M#rms P SH TIME CoNDITloNS A OVER g g, TM OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY, Hz. (- EST Construction Noise trvet tevet s i.s ss its eso :co ioco 2eco 4ooo sooe 1 l 9:50 A NW Corner of Property 27 50 2 1 10:00 B N 111 + 00, E 15 + 00 33 49 3 10:10 C N 60 + 00, E 37 + 00 41/45 57 ' 4 l 10:15 D At Ebenezer Church Road 33/35 52/55 5 10:20 E N 22 + 00, E 110 + 00 30 51 6 10:25 F N 60 + 00, E 143 + 00 53 76 76 69 66 53 51 42 42 39 29 7 10:35 VI Fence-Vi sitors' Center 55/60 69/73 8 11:15 0 Intake Structure Area 34/40 53/56 DI AGR AM- SHow ME ASURING LOCATIONS: . .
- Positions are located according to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map NOTES:
Position A -- Traffic fairly heavy; increased sound levels to 60-74 dBA. Position B -- Birds increased sound level to 45 dBA; passing traffic produced up to 78 dBA. Position C -- Construction noise audible. Position F -- South fence at combustion turbine Plant Wilson; combustion turbine IC operating (test) at full load. Position 0 -- No pumps operating; birds are dominant source. REcoMM E ND ATioNS:
% O W v -
PAG E- OF NOISE SURVEY FORM southern Ccmpany Services. inc. P. O. Box 2G25 Birmingham. Alabama 35202 CLIENT: GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NotSE SOURCE: JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/14/81 EQUIP. M AKE 8 MODEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearin9 CLI ENT DESIG NATloN:
$ SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
E TRANSDUCER: TYPE B&K 4165 SER.# 708658 ANALYZER: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 C AB LE: TYPE LENGTH CALIBRATOR: TYPE B&K 4230 SER., 725248 SECONDARY NolSE SOURCE: OTHER: Windscreen EQUIP. MAKE S MODEL:
'" *'N Tiwr Yn ' Trum %RM 68MHG -
PM DI CLIENT DESIGNATION: OPER ATING CONDITIONS: 13:43 94 p , SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 204 N/M*rms No. TION sc Le a ' **
,( EST Construction Noise Lrvet Lrvet s i.s as its zoo soo ioco roco 4oco sooo 9 l13:45 A NW Corner of Property 35/55
_._1D !13:55 K N 140 + 00. E 44 + 00 29/3: 49/ 55 17 l14:20 B N 111 + 00. E 15 + 00 29/3E 44/ 50 ~ 17 14r7R r N 60 + 00. F 37 + 00 36 50/ 55 33 1a.27 n At Fbenezer Church Road 36 53 le 14:30 F N 77 + 00. E 110 + 00 27 45/ 55 95 1a ?g r n An + nn. F 141 4 nn 4R 63 67 58 62 52 45 37 29 25 -- 16 14:55 SI At Monitor Site 1 33/3!, 50/ 55 DI AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS: oPositions are located according to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map. NOTES: Position A -- Traffic noise dominant source. Position B -- Traff.ic noise up to 77 dBA measured. - Positions C & D -- Construction noise audible, several birds in area. Position F -- No combustion turbines operating, substation noise only. Position 51 -- Monitor Site 1 located near meteorological tower (N 33 + 14.00, E 80 + 05.00). (, RECOMMENDATIONS:
PAGE OF NOISE SURVEY FORM southern company serv.ces. ine. P. O. Box 2G25 Birmingham. Alabama 35202 CLIENT: GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NolSE SOURCE: JOB NO: 2A DATE: 4/14/SI EoulP. M AKE 8 MoDEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearing . CLIENT DESIGNATloN:
$ SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
TRANSDUCER : TYPE B&K 4165 SER.# 708658 6 ANALYZER: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 C AB LE: TY PE LENGTH CAllB RAToR: TYPE B&K 4230 SER.# 725248 SECONDARY Noise SOURCE: oTHER: __ldindscreen EoVIP. MAKE 8 MoDEL:
'~
Tiut sRA- Trum % RM u uns -$, , ETUEMMUE OPER ATING CONDITIONS:
- SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2og N/M#rms p
No. Tion sc A tt A ( EST Construction Noise tevet tevet s i.s as its eso soo sooo roco 4ooo seco 17 15:20 0 Intake Structure Area 47/E5 63 18 17:22 0 Intake Structure Ar_ea 35/4 0 50/55 19 17:43 F N 60 + 00. E 14-3 + 00 49 65 57 53 64 48 43 37 32 28 --
?n 17.;, E n pp + nn. r 11n + 00 74 43/a7 21 17:57 0 At Ebenezer Church Road 23 43/45 22 18 :04 C N 60 + 00, E 37 + 00 30/40 50/60 23 18:08 B N 111 + 00, E 15 + 00 27 42/10 DI AGR AM- SHow M E ASURING LoCATloNS: .
oPositions are located according to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map. NOTES: Position 0 -- A crane was operating during Test 17, no nearby work during Test 18. Position F -- No combustion turbines operating, substation noise only. Position C -- Considerable activity in DeLaigle Trailer Park. (_ R EcoM M E ND ATioNS: I I l en
's "
PAGE ll OF NOISE SURVEY FORM Southern Company Services. Inc. P. O. Box 2625 Birmingham. Alabama 35202 CUENT GPC-VOgtle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE: JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/14/01 EOUIP. M AKE & MODEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearing . CLIENT DESIGNATION:
$ SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
TRANSDUCER : TYPE B&K 4165 S ER.# 708658 5 AN ALYZ ER : TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 2 g CABLE: TYPE LENGTH 725248 h CALIB RATOR: TYPE B&K 4230 SER.# p OTHER: Windscreen EOUIP. MAKE 8 MODEL:
' 'No Tout NR A. T E M P. % RM M MMG ," gg CLIENT DESIGN ATION:
I' " OPER ATING CONDITIONS: 18:25 93.3 SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2Ou N/M*rms TEST POSI-N O. TION ' ** sc Lt A ( EST Construction Noise tevet tev et s i.s ss its eso soo icoo roco . coo sooo 24 18:17 K N 140 + 00, E 44 + 00 28/35 45 25 18:21 A lNWCOrnerOfPrOperty 28 46 r--- DI AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS: - CPOsitions are located according to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map. NOTES: Position A -- Traffic still prevalent and Often dominant source, aircraft flyover produced 55 dBA. ( R ECOM M E ND ATIONS:
l I PAGE OF l NOISE SURVEY FORM southern company services. ine. P. O. Box 2G25 Birmingham. Alabama 352o2 CLIENT: GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE: JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/15/81 EoVIP. M AKE S MODEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearina . CLIENT DESIGNATION:
$ SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
TRANSDUCER: TYPE B&K 4165 SER.# 708658 3 ANALYZER: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 CABLE: TYPE LENGTH y cALIB RATOR: TYPE B&K 4230 SER # 725248 SECONDARY NOISE SOURCE: OTHER: Windscreen EQUIP. MAKE 8 MODEL: INo WINO Tiu t smA- TEum %RH W MHG CLIENT DESIGNATION: OPERATING CONDIT:ONS: 8:00 93.8 SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2Og N/M*rms NO. TION sC LE A ( EST Construction Noise tevet tevet s i.s as ers eso soo ioco rooo 4ooo sooo 26 I0:15 K N 140 4 00, E 44 + 00 33/34 47 27 k0:22 'A NW. Corner of Property 40 50 28 kO:29'B N 111 + 00, E 15 + 00 37/39 53/ 55 29 10:35lC N 60 + 00, E 37 + 00 _45 55 30 10:45 D At Ebenezer Church Road 45/4 7 58/60 31 k0:49 E N 22 + 00, E 110 + 00 42 55 32 k0:55 F N 60 + 00, E 143 + 00 60 74 DI AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS:
- Positions are located according to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map.
NOTES: ' All Positions -- High winds precluded sound level measurements between 8:00-10:00 a.m. Wind noise in 10:00-11:00 a.m.; 45-50 dBA, 70, dBC. trees often dominant source from Position F -- No combustion turbines operating, compressor running near CT IF. (_. R ECOM M E ND ATIONS :
.- ~ _ -. - . _ . . - _ . _ . -
1 b PAGE oF NOlSE SURVEY FORM southern Company Services, Inc. P. O. Box 2G25 ! 3srmingham, Alabama 352o2 l GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant Em PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE: ! JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/15/81 EQUIP M AKE 8 MoDEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearing CLIENT DESIGNATION: g SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CoNDITloNS: i TRANSDUCER: TYPEB&K 4165 SER.# 708658
$ ANALYZER: TYPE B&K 2215 sER.# 691966 2
g C ABLE: TYPE LENGTH CAllBRAToR: TYPE B&K 4230 SER.# 725248 SECONDARY NolSE SOURCE: oTHER: ' EQUIP. MAKE & MoDEL:
' *'" 'N Tiut n A ." T r u p. %RH u uHe ,g CLIENT DESIGNATION:
l oPER ATING CONDITIONS: l SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2og N/M*rms i TEST PoSI-No. Tion se tt a ' 1
,( EST Construction Noise tevet tevet si s ss as eso soo icoo rooo sooo sooo 33 13:26 E N 22 + 00, E 110 + 00 35/33 47/51 Intake Structure Area j 34 13:45 0 100' From PumD 77 80 68 67 71 78 72 76 69 65 .57
- 35 14 :00 0 280' From Pumo-Low SDeed 5f/63 64/66 v, 14 nt; n 7An' Fmm Pumn-Minh 9nead68i/7d 71/74 j 37 14:15 0 Pump Off 34 46 38 14:39 K N 140 + 00, E 44 + 00 29 45/4,8 39 14 :4 3 A NW Corner of Property 30 46/48 DI AGR AM- SHow ME ASURING LoCATloNS: -
j oPositions are located aCCording to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map. ] NOTES: I Position 0 -- A pump used for water supply to sprinkler trucks was operating at the i- river < The 280' measurements were made to approximate width of river. i All Positions -- Wind speed has diminished Considerably. r RECOMMENDATIONS:
?
l
]; .
i
., , _ . _ _ _ ~ . . _ _ , _ _ . . . - - . -- _ ,, _ . - . . .._ _ , _ . , - _
PAGE OF 11 NOISE SURVEY FORM sou:hern company serv c s. inc. P. O. Box 2625 Birmengham, Alabama 35202 CLIENT: GPC-Vootle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE: JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/15/81 EQUtP. M AKE 8 MoDEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearing . CLIENT oESIGNATioN:
$ SLM: TYPEB&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
TRANSDUCER: TYPE B&K 4165 SER.# 708658 5 ANALYZER: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# AQ1966 CABLE: TYPE LENGTH CALIB RAToR : TYPE B&K 4230 SER.# 725248 h SECONDARY NolSE SOURCE: oTHER: Windscreen - EoulR MAKE 8 MoDEL:
'" 'N vim E sRA- T E M P. %RM M MMG CLIENT DESIGNATION:
I' " MPM Di oPER ATING CONDITIONS: 15:36 93.2 TEST PoSI- ' "' No. Tion SCALE ' "** ALL I EST Construction Noise tevet tu rt s i.s as us eso soo ioco zoco 4ooo sooo 40 l14:47 B N 11 + 00, E 15 + 00 33/3E 48/50 41 l14 :52 C N-60 + 00, E 37 + 00 44/47 53/ 36 42 14 :55 S2 At Monitorina Site 2 43/47 54/ 57 43 15:10 D At Ebenezer Church Road 38/41 50/i35 d4 15 16 F N ?? + nn F lin + nn 11 4R/41 aR 11g 7n F N An + 00. F 141 + On 44 A7 47 47 An 40 49 17 77 74 .. 46 17:26 0 Intake Structure Area 77 82 DI AGR AM- SHow ME ASURING LOCATIONS: .
- Positions are located according to "Piant Grid System." See location and vicinity map.
NOTES: Position S2 -- Sound levels at Monitoring Site 2 (east of DeLaigle Trailer Park) are . essentially identical to those measured at Position C. Position F -- No combustion turbines operating, substation noise only. Position 0 -- A pump used for water supply to sprinkler trucks, was operating at the river measurement taken 100' from the pump. ( RECoMMENDAT!oNS:
, r- ~, g y e w-
PAGE- OF NOISE SURVEY FORM southern company s.rvic . ine. P. O. Box 2625 Birmingham. Alabama 352o2 CLIENT: GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE: JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/15/81 EoVIP. M AKE 8 MODEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearin9 CLIENT DESIG NATION:
$ SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
TRANSDUCER: TYPE B&K 4165 SER.* 708658
$ ANALYZER: TYPE R&M ??lt; SER.# E 0 1 CABLE: TYPE LENGTH ~
- ALIB RATOR: TYPE B&K 4230 SER.# 725248 SECONDARY NOISE SOURCE:
OTHER Windscreen -- EOUIR MAKE 8 MODEL:
'~
Tsut enA-T r u P. %nH u uMG (, , EUUNNO OPER ATING CONDITIONS: 19:02l94 p SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2Og N/M #rms TIM E CONDITIONS A OVr" N O. TION OCTAVE BAND CENTER FREQUENCY,Hz. EST Construction Noise tevet tevet s i.s as its eso soo ioco roco 4ooo sooo 47 l17:40 F N 60 + 00, E 143 + 00 49 64 53 50 63 53 44 36 32 22 -- 48 ! 17:45 E N 22 + 00, E 110 + 00 31 43/46 49 17:50 D At Ebenezer Church Road 35 50/5k . 50 17:55 C N 60 + 00. E 37 + 00 41/44 51 c1 1P nn S? At M,nitnrinn sito 9 41/4!550/55 52 18:10 B N 111 + 00. E 15 + 00 34 48 C1 1A 11 A NW Cnrnpr of Procerty 32 48 N 140 + 00, E 44 + 00 54 18:17 K 32/25 48 DI AGR AM- SHOW ME ASURING LOCATIONS:
- Positions are located aCCording to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map.
NOTES: Positions C and S2 -- Sound levels are essentially identical at these two positions.
^
Positions A and B -- Considerable traffic during measurement time at these two positions. L R ECOM M E ND ATIONS :
NOw. Y NOISE mod
% EL: -
P RIMAR KE 8 Eo ulP. M A NATION- S CLIEN TD ESIG ONDITioN : ar Pal 4/1 nt 6/81 ATIN G C Nu cle oPER tel DATE.rin9 GPC Vo Fea 691966 _ nd SER.# 7 08658 042A n a ). RVERS: B&K Hickma i 2215 B&K 4165 S E.# M _. R S ER.# S ECoND ARY Noise E8 mod SOURCE: EL: / 5 L: M TYPE NS DuC ER:TYPEE,_JE_221_,, ENGTH L EoulP.T MAKNATion: S S ER. # CLIEN DESIGCoNolTioN : TRA TYP R VZ E: 4230 TING
- s ANAL YPE B&K '", OPERA N/M rm e CY ,Hz.
E YPE RE2og jC ABL :T tor:T $",#g uEN sex creen EL,dB lBRA Winds u uMo ELEV TER FREc e
% RH SuR CEN roco h cal R oTHE : '~ Y tup. PRES VE BAND eoo sooo SouND O CT A eso nA- its
" VE" as O
Vict
- c
$ "et v si.e s ,a\ t u 0 !
1:00l94 0 Tion S e 47 /
- conDI Nois 1/3 47 ct oin 2 2 Con stru 44 + 00 48/
E hon 40 + 00, E ert 55 - TIM Pro 3 of 30 EST N1 9_ 4 0 32 W Corner E 15 + 000
. " U' 35 K 4 0 N 50 map.
l10:1 52/~5 52 55 A N_1_11_+__0_0,_ _ 7/4 3 _7_+__0 50 50 nd vicinity II 0:16 44 46 N SO + OM_ *Road B - 4 50 a 56 r ch ar locat oin l1:20 0 C l Chu 6/ 4 57 e i signific 57 0:30 nezer 110 + 00 m " Se At Ebe had n 0 22 + 00, E143 + 00 GridSyste . ced o 10:45 E N 60 + 00, ETioNS: nt oise a udib e,butd gusts l to "Pla 60 10:50 F N G LoCA rding driving n ation; win in area . 61 ASuRIN cco loc 10:55 wME 3; pile th s birds nly . located a i 62 MS Ho at ral eve nois e o S DIA GRA s are ring und itel vel e .made audib l n
*Po sit oin e; substatio ar nitodBA so Mo re c gdingdBC.
o noise ct on tape of 70 rat ing; s ____ NOTES: n K Neeffe i et lec velsconstr uct oin ope Po sitio Magnundlitt l e tu rbine s n S2 so in Po sitio Ver y mbust o E co No Po sit oin F Po sit oin
. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . .- -- --- ~
PAGE 10 op 11 NOISE SURVEY FORM southern come ny s., vie . ine. l P. O. Box 2625 ( Birmingham, Alabama 35202 CLIENT: GPC-Vootle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NOISE SOURCE: ; JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/16/81 EcUlp. M AKE 8 MoDEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearing . CLIENT DESIGNATION:
$ SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
TRANSDUCER: TYPE B&K 4165 SER.# 708658
$ ANALYZER: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 C ABLE: TYPE LENGTH CALIB RAToR : TYPE B&K 4230 SER. , 725248 SECONDARY NolSE SOURCE: j oTHER: Windscreen EQUIR MAKE 8 MooEL:
viur Yn A .' T r u p. %RN M MM4 y,g g ," CLIENT DESIGNATION: I' " oPER ATING CONDITIONS: 17:30 94 l t
- SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 2og N/M*rms TEST PM -
' ENCY,Hz.
Tion sc La a ( No. EST Construction Noise Levet Leytt s i.s as its eso soo moo rooo .oco .oco 63 11:25 0 Intake Structure Area 36 50/53 64 12:55 S3 At Monitorino Site 3 39/41 49/57 A 8i 17 % y N 140 + 00, E 44 + 00 33 47/50 66 17:39 S3 At Monitorino Site 3 34 48/55 67 17:47 A NW Corner of Property 34 46/53 6R 17:50 B N 111 + 00. E 15 + 00 34 47/50 64 17:56 C N 60 + 00. E 37 + 00 35/37 52/.55 DIAGR AM- SHow MEASURING ooCATioNS: .
- Positions are locate.1 according to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map.
NOTES: Position 0 -- Pump not operating, birds increased sound levels to 42 dBA. Position S3 -- Monitoring Site 3, construction noise audible, magnetic tape recording made at 12:55. (Position S3 near Position K) Position C -- Construction noise audible, activity in trailer park. k, QEcoMMENDATioNS:
l PAGE II oF 11 NOISE SURVEY FORM southern Company Services, Inc. P. O. Box 2G25 Birmingham, Alabama 35202 CLIENT: GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant PRIMARY NolSE SOURCE: JOB NO: 042A DATE: 4/16/81 EQUIP, M AKE & MoDEL: OBSERVERS: Hickman and Fearin9 CLIENT DESIGNATION:
$ SLM: TYPE B&K 2215 SER.# 691966 OPERATING CONDITIONS:
T9ANSDUCER: TYPE _ B&K 4165 SER.# 708658
$ AN ALYZ ER : TYPE RM' ??15 SER.# 641066 C AB LE: TYPE LENGTH h CALIBRATOR: TYPE B&K 4230 SER.# 725248
" SECONDARY NolSE SOURCE:
oTHER: Windscreen - EoUIP. MAKE & MoDEL: TI M E IR A. T E M P. %RH M MMG , OPERATING CoNDITloNS: 18:20 94
* ~
SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL,dB RE 204 N/M*rms TEST PoSI-N o. TIM E Tion NDITloNS ' "#
- se te a
( EST Construction Noise tevet Levet s i.s ss its . z so see sooo zooo 4ooo sooo 70 17:59 D At Ebenezer Church Road 32 44/47 l 71 18:02 E N22 + 00, E 110 + 00 27/3 ) 40/45 72 18:06 F N 60 + 00, E 143 + 00 48 60 55 50 58 54 46 33 30 26 -- 73 18:15 S1 At Monitorino Site 1 3.0/ 3 5 48/52 DI AGR AM- SHow ME ASURING LOCATIONS: CPositions are located accoarding to " Plant Grid System." See location and vicinity map, NOTES: Position F -- No combustion turbines operating, substation noise only. Position S1 -- Monitoring Site 1 at meteorological tower; magnetic tape recording made, several birds in area. RECoM M E ND ATioNS:
* ~
e Southem Company Services, Inc. A ril 14-15, 1981 DESIGNED DATE JOB GPC-Vootle Nuclear Plant CHECKED DATE {' I 3 SUBJECT Monitor Site S1 -- Construction Noise SHEET OF TIME L on L, n Lc:n l on Windsoeed (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA MPH 9:00 46 47 43 40 5 46 44 41 39 43 44 41 39
*42 43 40 38 10:00 43 ~45 41 38 5 43 45 41 39 (Y85}1) 42 44 39 37.
42 43 41 39 11:00 41 42 39 37 5 } j 45 45 40 37 j 46 46 43 40 l 45 46 43 41 12:00 46 44 40 38 5 ( 40 42 38 35 4 v_ 24 41 35 33 l 43' 44 41 38 l 13:00 41 42 39 37 7
; 56 51 42 40 42 43 40 38 l 39 41 37 35 i
14:00 40 41 38 35 8
! 52 56 45 35 (hYsh ; 51 57 37 34 39 41 35 34
) 15:00 39 41 36 34 8 41 - 43 38 36 (h3Efo 43 44 41 37 ! 41 41 38 35 l 16:00 47 40 38 36 5 . . 46 44 '39 37 49 44 40 37 44 41 38 36 17:00 40 42 36 34 5 l 47 48 40 35 - F orm two,9.J J F
. _ _ . ._ , . _- . - _ __ __ _ . . _ . , _ . _ _ . - - - _ . . . . _ . _ _ . . - _. .o
l Southem Company Services, Inc. April 14-15, 1981 GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant DfTE '7 ' { job SUBJECT Monitor Site S1 -- Construction Noise
- CHEC[ED SHEET 2 OF 3 IIME L Windspeed eo '10 '50 '90 (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA MPH 43 46 35 33 l
49 48 36 34 18:00 48 48 45 43 4h 49 50 45 43 47 49 44 42 I 48 50 44 43 19:00 49 51 44 43 5 47 49 44 42 1 47 48 44 43 45 44 44 43 20:00 45 45 44 42 5 44 44 43 41 (Gust 10 f 1 45 46 44 43 i( 46 46 45 44' 21:00 44 44 42 42 7.5 f 44 44 43 41 (Gust 11 l 46 46 44 42 44 45 43 42 l 22:00 48 47 44 42 7.5 j 47 48 44 42 (Gust 13 1 l 45 46 44 42 ! 47 48 44 42 23:00 44 45 43 42 7.5 l 45 46 44 43 (gysg) 1 46 47 45 43 i 48 . 49 45 44 24:00 49 50 45 43 5 47 47 45 43 46 47 45 43 47 47 45 44 ( 1:00 54 52 46 45 10 52 53 50 47 (Gust 17 ' 49 50 47 46 49 50 48 46 POrmfeo,5 337
, . , . -.-_,r --.-.,,_n. - - pr--,. , . - ,3.....,5y,%,,n -y y y.,, _ . p...-_w w ___,m_.g.m.--- _ , . _ - ,,m.y._m, . , - , i
Southem Company Services, Inc.
- 5, 1981 DES M ED DATE JOB GPC-Voatle Nuclear Plant
.,( i' ( EUBJECT Monitor Site S1 -- Construction Noise CHECKED _ SHEET DATE OF TIME L,g L 3g L Winaspeel1 SO '90 (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA MPH 2:00 50 50 48 47 4 49 49 47 46 49 49 48 46 48 49 47 46 3:00 48 49 47 46 10 l 49 49 47 47 (Gust 15 ) } 49 51 48 46 i 50 51 48 46 4:00 50 51 48 46 14 51 52 49 45 (Gust 20) 52 53 50 45 53 54 51 47 5:00 54 55 52 47 _ 16
/ 54 55 52 49 ($Ib)
- \,
57 58 54 51 57 59 54 52 6:00 74 76 62 . 51 20 1 75 78 68 57 (Gust 34 ) L ! 78 81 69 55 j 82 85 76 66 j 7:00 81 83 73 62 17.5 72 75 65 55 (Gust 26 ) 70 73 63 52
- 75 78 67 55 l 8
- 00 l!
l i FCrm No $.32 7
Southem Company Services, Inc. April 15-16, 1981 DESIGNED DATE ' i ,- JOB GPC-V0atie Nuclear P1 ant CHECKED DATE i { Monitoring Site 2 -- Construction N0iSe SUBJECT SHEET OF TIME L Windspeed eo '10 '50 '90 , (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA MPH 9:00 52 53 50 47 17.5 1 51 52 49 45 ; Gust 27) 50 51 48 44 50 51 47 45 10:00 l 51 52 48 45 17.5 50 51 48 46 l Gust 27) 4 52 53 49 47 50 52 47 45 17.5 11:00 48 49 46 44 (IE!k) 48 50 46 44 50 51 47 45 51 53 49 46 15 12:00 51 50 45 42 (gsg) !r k 48
~
49 46 42' 50 49' 44 40 49 51 47 45 13:00 50 51 47 44 12,5 47 48 45 42 i Gust 23) 48 49 46 43 47 48 45 43 14:00 49 50 46 44 10 48 49 45 43 (Id?[1 47 48 45 42 47 48 45 43~ 15:00 47 48 45 42 10 47 . 48 45 42 i Gust 21) J 47 48 44 42 49 50 46 43 16:00. 51 52 46 43 10 53 52 46 43 i Gust 18) f- 50 51 47 45 ! 49 51 46 43 1 17:00 46 47 43 40 10 44 46 41 39 ({gsg) Fer7 No. 9 3 31
- - . _ _ _ _ , _ - . _ , . . _ . . - . ~ . . _ ..-...,...._,. ...~ .- __ _ -
Southem Company Services, Inc. A ril 15-16, 1981 gg,GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant CHE E D TE SUBJECT Monitorino Site 2 -- Construction Noise SHEET OF TIME L,n L L Windspeed
'90 39 50 (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA.
i MPH _ 44 45 42 40 46 47 43 40 i 18:00 47 46 43 41 -7.5 47 47 47 40 (YNk) 43 44 41 40 45 45 42 40 19:00 47 49 45 42 6.5 47 47 45 44 48 48 46 44 48 48 46 44 20:00 49 50 47 46 6.5
~
49 49 47 46 59 48 46 44 ( 47 47 45 44 ^ 21:00 58 49 46 44 6 49 50 47 43 ; Gust 11) 44 45 43 41 44 45 43 42 22:00 43 44 42 40 5 43 44 41 40 44 44 42 40 44 44 42 41 23:00 45 46 44 43 4.5 46 48 44 42 49 50 46 43 4/16/81 48 . 50 46 44 24:00 4.6 48 44 42 -5 46 47 44 42 49 51 46 44
. 57 51 47 45 g 1:00 56 53 48 44 5 i 51 52 49 45 50' 49 46 44 49 -50 47 45 F orm No. 9-3 3 7
Southern Company Sentices, Inc. April 15-16,1981 DESIMED DATE GPC-Vootle Nuclear Plant JoS CHECKED DATE
' (.. SUBJECT Monitor Site 2 -- Construction Noise ggg 3 op 3 IlME L eo L
'50 '90 Windspee 1 10 (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA flPH 2:00 48 49 46 44 6 49 50 47 44 47 48 46 44 47 48 46 44 3:00 48 49 46 43 7.5
- 46 47 45 42 47 48 46 44 I
48 49 46 44 4:00 46 48 44 41 7.5 43 44 42 40 44 46 43 41 49 50 47 44
.. 5:00 49 50 47 44 6 i \.' b 49 50 47 45 57 55 48 45 47 48 46 44 6:00 48 48 46 43 6~
47 48 45. 44 49 50 47 44 53 53 49 46 7:00 51 51 48 46 7.5 49 50 48 46 (Gust 15) 50 50 48 47 55 52 49 46 i o F orm two, 9 3 3 7
. . - _ . ~ , . . - - - - _ . - -
Southern Company Services, Inc. t April 16-17,1981 U '" go, GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant CHECKED TE SUBJECT Monitor Site 3 -- Construction Noise SHEET 1 oF 3 TIME 'ea '10 '50 '90 (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA 10:15 39 41 36 33 53 48 39 35 46 48 37 35 11:00 49 50 40 35 40 41 37 35 45 48 37 34 , 40 42 37 34 12:00 44 45 37 33 41 44~ 35 32 43 46 38 33 44 45 37 33 13:00 41 44 37 35 43 46 38 35 (k 46 42 41 43 37 38 35 35 14:00 41 42 38 35 41 43 38 36 43 45 38 36 . 39 40 37 35 15:00 43 46 38 35 40 42 36 34 38 39 36 35 ! 40 40 36 35 16:00 43 41 -36 34
- 43 44 38 35 l 42 43 35 33 l 37 39 35 33 ;
17:00 42 44 37 33 1 40 42 35 33 l . 37 38 35 33
- 40 41 35 33 18:00 43 46 38 34 42 44 37 34
! 38 39 36 34 Form No. 9 3 3 7
j Southem Company Services, Inc. April 16-17, 1981 DESIGNED DATE gog GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant
" "' ^7 SUBJECT Monitor Site 3 -- Construction Nois 2 3 SHEET OF TIME L,g L 3g L gg L qn (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA 4
40 41 38 35 19:00 42 42 39 37 46 43 39 37 41 42 39 37
, 42 42 40 39 20:00 42 42 40 38 41 42 39 37 46 40 36 34 38 39 36 34 21:00 49 44 38 35 41 42 40 37 i 41 42 40 37 46 50 40 37
~
( 22:00 40 41 38 36 40 40 38 37 40 41 39 36 41 42 40 38 23:00 l 42 43 41 39 43 43 41 39 43 44 42 40 4/17/81 42 43 41 39 24:00 42 43 41 39 41 42 40 38 41 41 39 38 50 43 40 39 1:00 50 44 42 40 43 44 41 39
- 45 45 43 41 l 42 44 40 37 2
- 00 43 45 38 37 .
( 41 41 37 35 39 40 37 36 ! 39 39 37 36 3:00 41 41 39 38 F Crm F.0,9 3 3 7
- - * ~ - - - *' - - ' " ' ' ' ' ' " ' ' ' ' ' ' ~ ' ' ' ~ * ~ ^ ~ ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ~ ~ ' ' ~ ' ' ~ * ~ ~ '
4 So0them Company Sen/ ices, Inc. April 16-17, 1981 DESIGNED DATE GPC-Vogtle Nuclear Plant CHECKED DATE I SUBJECT nitor Site 3 - Constmetion Noise SHEET oF 3 TIME Lg L 3g L l Rn on (EST) dBA dBA dBA dBA 3:15 40 40 39 37 1 a i 4 i l (
.t t
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l {, s ho'Clls"% VEGP-OLSER-0 Question E290.16: l Provide report on noise f rom natural and mechanical draf t cooling towers i entitled " Cooling Tower Noise" prepared by Southern Company Services. Noise data on the circular mechanical-draft cooling towers are presented there.
Response
/-/ 4 cs g.. of M report requ;;;ted is ;r.:'c:6. Neu p) <'* v cdd Any JD, d e l.3-U's 4 It0 tr NL f-l % . b cA c e, ({ a +ed ]&\ uy g g, j9 g <4 ,
1 i 4
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I l TABLE OF CONTENTS (' 1
\
I l
-1. ' Cooling Tower Noise
- 2. Calculations of Noise Associated With Cooling Towers
- 3. Articles and Data Related to Cooling Tower Noise
- a. R. M. Elits -
Cooling Tower Noise Generation and Radiation
- b. J. P. Carlson and A. M. Teplitzky -
Environmental Noise Impact of Natural Draf t Hyperbolic Cooling Towers
- c. G. Capano and W. E. Bradley -
Acoustical Impact of Cooling Towers
- d. J. E. Shahan -
Noise Control of Power Plant Cooling Towers. A Study of the Size of Buffer Zone Required to Meet Various Noise Criteria I e. EEI Draft Document - Cooling Tower Noise Emission Characteristics
- f. Ecodyne Corporation Graph of Overall Sound Power Level Versus Total Rated Horsepower. Total Attenuation Curves
- g. Southern Services, Inc.
Sound Level Measurements Around Cooling Towers in
- the Southern Electric System
- 4. Articles on Propagation of Environmental Noise
- a. R. H. Lyon Propagation of Environmental Noise
- b. F. M. Wiener Sound Propagation Outdoors
(,
g COOLING TOWER NOISE INTRODUCTION A number of investigations have been conducted on the noise generated by and radiated from cooling towers. Both natural draft ano mechanical draft towers have been considered. Some of the theories and results are presented below. SOUND LEVEL PREDICTION METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS Some of the sound level prediction techniques are more soph'isticated mathematically than others in that formulas are derived based on the con-figuration of the tower, whereas other prediction techniques depend upon empirical relationships developed from measured data. Brief summaries of attached documents follow. . , ( A. R. M. Ellis Prediction Method for Natural Draft Towers One of the first sound level prediction techniques was reported by R. H. Ellis in the Journal of Sound and Vibration (1971), Vol.14(2), I pp. 171-182. A sketch showing the dimensions required in the derived
, formulas is shown below.
a Cv ven r
/,.,,,,,
k/NG Ba:Am
*, ' ' ,' / / \ '
& /,'/ / kW'/ s
/ // '//
</ / / / / / / *////,*, r t, k )
O Rim[3 ns siv off EM*4 y ~' $ \
)
,- 3 -)
, ,R 2 s '
2 j Applicable formulas are (a) A-weighted Acoustic Power s W ac
= Mh 0.95 x 10 -5( + 1.8 x 10-5 (1)
(b) A-weighted Sound Level at the Rim of the Basin Prim
*N ac xZ o (2a) 2nRh' ,
=
, prim 20 log 10 Prim iPref = 20pPascal (2b) Pref ( (c) - A-weighted Sound Level at a Distance "a" From the Rim
~1 p tan a+2R (3a) a *Nac
- 2 0 /
2 a 3 2(3 +2aR) L = 20 log 10 Pa p (3b) Pref (d) Distances Greater Than 30 meters For distances greater than 30 meters the sound level octave band spectrum at the rim should be used and the octave band levels should be further corrected for atmospheric absorption using the -
' following data.
m-.._P
3
.g Table I Center Frequency (Hz) 500 1000 -2000, 4000 8000 Atmospheric Absorption (dB/300m) 0.7 1.4 3.0 7.7 14.4 The symbols used in the above equations are defined as M = mass flow rate of cooling water (kg/sec) h = distance the water falls from the culvert into the basin (meters) h' = derth of the open area below the tower shell; from basin to ring
, beam (meters) T = depth of packing below ring beam (meters)
-D = height from basin to base of packing (meters)
R = radius of tower (meters) Z, = characteristic impedance of air = 9 0C.= 407 mks rayls at 22 C and barometric pressure of 0.751 mHg. ( B. J. P. Carlson and A. M. Teplitzky - Consolidated Edison Company of flew York. The paper " Environmental floise Impact of flatural Draft Hyperbolic Cooling Towers" was presented at the Acoustical Society of America meeting on April 24, 1974. Based upon noise measurements and effects of water loading on noise emissions, the A-weighted sound level at 40 feet from the rim of the water basin is estimated by the following two equations: 1 fM1 L40 = 71 + 10 log \zqdBA (4) for crossflow towers and
'M' L40 = 75.5 + 10 log (g!dBA (5)
4 g for_counterflow towers where 3 L 40
= A-weighted sound level at 40 feet M = water flow rate in gallons per minute A = active area of the tower in ft 2 The active area of- a cooling tower is considered the area of the water basin
~
'for counterflow towers and the mean area of the fill for crossflow towers. .
The 40 foot distance was selected since it is in the near field of the tower and the sound level measured would not be altered significantly by Divergence of sound to the far field can structural elements of the~ tower. be calculated using the equations developed by Ellis as described above. C. G. Capano and W. E. Bradley - Stone and Webster The paper " Acoustical Impact of Cooling Towers" was also presented at I the ASA meeting in New York on April 24, 1974. Acoustical data shown
; represent actual field measurements of sound levels in dBA versus distance
, for eight wet n'atural draft cooling towers with water capacities ranging /
from 140,000 to 500,000 GPM. D. J. E. Shahan '- Sargent and Lundy 1 Data presented in the report " Noise Control of Power Plant Cooling Towers. A Study of the Size of Buffer Zone Required to Meet Various Noise Criteria" are-based on-the following assumptions: 1 1. The noise levels in dBA for natural draft towers vary directly with 10 log 10(GPM) and with 10 log 10 (HP) for mechanical draft towers where GPM = water flow to the tower and HP = total cooling tower fan horsepower. f 4
, , , , y . , , . -,.n- -, --
g , -. , - - ,- , . - ,,- ,~i.e.. - ,
5 A 2. The measured data was extrapolated beyond 2000-3000 feet omitting additional acoustic energy loss due to. atmospheric absorption, as a conservative estimate. Several graphs illustrate the range of tower noise levels for plants of various megawatt capacities. Additional graphs show the distances from cooling towers at which various dBA noise level limits will be obtained. The " specific noise control area" which is the total area of land required 2 for noise control is defined in ft / megawatt for both mechanical draft and natural draft towers. E. Draft Document for Edison Electric Institute A draft of a document " Cooling Tower Noise Emissions" for use by the Edison Electric Institute contains data based primarily on measurements f- made by R. T. Laudenat of Northeast Utilities. The results indicate signifi-cantly higher noise levels from t.eciianical draft towers as compared to natural draft towers at distances greater than 2000' from the towers. F. Ecodyne Mechanical Draft Towers The Ecodyne Corporation has developed for mechanical draft towers a graph of overall sound power level (L,) versus total rated horsepower (HP) of tower fans. A set of curves providing total attenuations to be sub-tracted from the sound power level to obtain the sound pressure level at various distances from the source is also provided. G. ' Southern Services, Inc. Sound Level ficasurements A number of sound level measurements have been made around both natural draf t and mechanical draft towers in .The Southern Company system. Noise 4
6 / Survey' Forms illustrate the actual sound level measurements and list some of the characteristics of the towers. e 6 e e 4
c' QALCUL. A 71 orf S dF A/O ISG assoc o.9 7EO W o 78 c o n s. o d G TONE /:S Ceu,g:d ec a cos,,lecflow <, a lu c< l <ic. H law c, cs,V4 -/4e 6 //ow ,y c/mco e /ecidic r J
= /G, y o 6 1
.h1 = 2rs' 1o o , yp,,, xy]sec R= /32 ' = 42 m
( T= - 2 ' = - c. L / m - bssaa,,e T=o fa .- an< yl sls D = /r ' = 30 ' = 't.)5 m .. ) 4 = 37 ' = //.3 m
. , s
- A = Tr R -
s'7,128 l'+ A. Ose Ellis ?re d 'c./a'o , /1 /h e e <l t' I- A - w e19 h feel ac c os +ic. pcwe 3-4
-f 2 .p , v .'
3 ec * *
- l 4 l* S Y A l
, h) . 1, ) .
~ '
=. (16.9xa*$11.3) c.<t5d'($)~ + i.ain '(j', )
i L 2./.7
- 1. A E c.p hled s e, a ,,1 level J H,e c;- of L les;,,
f,.'. " Wac
- 2 2 rr I? b '
i 4 s ________a.
( -p,.,I = (z. /7 Y4o7) , o.3a ut 12)(us) fc.,,, = 0 605' , Lp,, = 7o log o.(oos
-4 20Flo Lec,_ = 8 *>.L dBA J
3 A WMd soo A h*\ A 4c' = i z. t 9 m. (~ Pa's % x2 h[ a+2c 1r'(a% za R) < a-
~
- (2 17)C +o7) . &' 12.19 + 2(42) 7t' * ((2.19)~ + 2(12.19$42) ,
f 2, yy
~
9, =0.094 g = o. soc Lp ,= 2.0 joy c.3og
', 2 0 y /0 Lg= 8 3. 7 da) ap 40 fcc}
T
- i
-.. . - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . - ____-.._..-___-._--.m__a____.----_-_--__-.1.--_m_._.-___________-2._-._____m___._.-___--___m.___.___m _ _ . . _ _ _.._-__r _m..m_._.-_m._______-_ __...-m_ ._ .__.m_m .____..-
^
l l (
- f. CarIso , - Tepli13i<y ; C o ,,, E J A1e ll..d L,
4
=
75.5 + to 109 . M dBA coa.de<fl~ A Lowea 258,40o
= 75.5 + io lay sgaze )
h, '= Bl. 9 dBA C. So,n n .,, -fo , 252,40o spp c au,},,ff~ ya w a, ( Disla n u, Ellis ear. Ed. Bralley S uMe, Se,.ke.1 Towee l Tower 2 VI fred. Alta,frt$ /$eef. Afeas, Aleu
/
/
~ '
hfra m
~
89.6 84 85 84 A 40' 83.7 80 Ba5 18 78 TS 80 79.8 77 75. 5 74 7+ 73
+ R'ess/h refor led -fo r 250,000 WM lower a blsco'e rcfaef
- a. L, 4 = 8 f. 9 dBA fo< low c spee:fle J.
t
( p. Con d Je.- cou,,+<<//ow do w cc w,M cne-hll d ua lce suiyly I,yp., n e 0 Al,.gej = 3/0,000 Cf5 A4gj, c = 9770 k)/sec
/S[oco Gl'm R = tr e.s ' = 1e. 4 m , } = ;r R'= 7s, 9z4 W^
r= o D = li = 3 4 ' .= 1 0 4 ,,, h: 91 ' = l3.1 m . Ellis pielb.J W,, , = (977o)( '3 +) 1 85/
-rbo.1*~ ,
W,, = 1. 'F 2 ( '
=
(t.42)(407) o, I63 1'r ,- = 2rr(18.4)( 10.4) p ,, _ = 0.427 . 4 . Lp = zo toy, 0.427 208/o L,,,, = BCG JAA Soo,,1 level d 40 = 12.19 in Q'
^
g i , _(l.42X407) Iz,14 + z(48.A) gr* ._ bz. s)'+ 2 (it.is)(4a.4), i2,19 o , f= 0.055 i
- 0. z 3 3 .
3-Lp - 2olog,, 0.235 , '81. 4' JBA a l- do' 4 t. 20210 -
i
) 'f.
Co..s.I,daled G d as o.. Aiell.od L4 , = g g, g , ,o io ,,, , g g, ,, o 78, 92 + Le = 7s.+ d&A Summu , D's % ", Ellos Gus. EJ. 5sx , re<+ SeJ. ha d. Alcas. ( M r.- ac,.s - 82. 40' 8/.4 78.+ 75
/
7 6 f e ? a,
( oc rs ve eAxo AWAL YS /S A Walac</ Ded/ Towers pl ea su ,. ,,, ,,, h kne- aca u., J na la,< / dc <H ccol,y -fowe <> in Jlc < +c a b,cocdLa J so u,, J leveI s, eJ< a - w:M oe dis e < ele
+o<,es. L. o LSewc<s 4<ve cee o c led
/2 etrlny d,5ccebe lon es bvl b fS* reSulb.S a<e nc/ do e s,, e., led P'/ols a/ /A <. celave L a .,J sea,,J /evel ela la fa, f),,< e nalu<<l e,af/
l f , _ c,, measv<d L, .rovH e<,, h <vice., p e,.co ,,,,e l ( a ce s l. own o ,, fag uc, I :fo, p s; /;c.,.c al /Le rim of H< Las ,, o ., d of to,o ' fes n, the ci~.
- 8. M ee b a,,;e , / D<aN Lacs 56,*,lely the sos.,J level s pec-/,u n,, fe,
~m <a k < n , *e I < lea // /owees aee b,oaJla,,J w'fb
, no. descer le fon e s. TAe sy e J,v<n s a{ flue ba.ce of flu. lowem n co< +/w lou ve c.s a,J al too ' on J 2co' pec p c,,J;e a la <
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l On N c. S en m e. hic; u re a c4r Spechrum S Oe9r L bass of +lu e e ., J w<. Il a,J .ol a elisla,,ce of 50' fro,,, 64, e,,1 wa ll. < Woh L dis fi,,e l d ,re c}, .., / cl,acaelecal,c, , of fb< fower; N JSA 'n eao- . fire lase. a lo,,y lo u ver wall a,J t s dBA n e.,, +1,c. bara of f-le end w.//. b 9 8
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i DFSCRIPTTVE DATA AND ENGINCrRTNG TIFCRf*.ATIO!! The following descriptivo data and engineering information are furnished in cor.nection with this proposal. ( l .
- 1. Dosicn !!ater Flow - GPM
; (bEEXYd6:X tower) ,
d 258,400 . . Inlet to-
- 2. Temperature of Uater to Tower 0F 120.6
- 3. Temperaturo of Water from Tower 0F 95 i
- 4. Uot Bulb Tc=perature 0F 76 .-
$. Dry Bulb Temperature - F 88 i I >
- 6. Relative Humidity - g -
58 I
- 7. Ranco - F 25.6 -
8 Approach - F 19
~
9 N= ping Head Above Sill Level - Ft.
- 42'-8" l '
D. Mean Fill Cross Sectional Area - Ft.2 53.000
- 1. Fill Uctted Surface - Ft.2 9,500,000 i
2 Effective Sphch Surface - Ft. ------
). Effective Cooling Volume - Ft.3 '
1,960,000
- f. . Tower Lcnding - GPM/Ft.2 4.86
. 5. Dry Air Quantity - lbs./hr.
,, i I
(a) At 760F Wet. Bulb and 59% R.H. 65 x 106 t 0 6 (b) At 25 F Wet Bulb and 75% R.H. 100 x 10
- 6. Draft - inches H 2O 1 (a) At 76 F Wet Bulb and 59% R.H. _
0,32 0 1 (b) At 25 F Wet Bulb and 75% R.H. O.58
- 7. Resiste.nce of Air Inlet - Vel. Heads 0. 5 8
Ecsistance of Fill - Vol. Heads 17
- 9. Air Inlet' Area - Ft.2 20,000
- 3. Tceperature of Air / Vapor 1d' x at Exit
, at 76 F Wet Dulb and 59% R.!!. F. , 111 t -S-e
, Note - This is the total head required to elevate and distribute the hot water.
D m%, * . ,. .* ' .. . .
, , , , . . . .. m. 9 > . . . . , , - ~ . ~ * - ... .. o .
r- *
*- ~
_______m____._______.___m_
l. Stack exhaust v 1ccity - fp3 13.6 bl. Drift Loco - !!ax. % 0. 2 ine.cter of Towor at Sill Level - Ft. 276'
- l. Diamotor of Tower at Top of Air Inlet - Pt.
259 5. Diameter of Tcwer at Throat - Ft. 155 -
- 5. Diameter of Tcwcr at Bcit - Ft. _ 169
- 7. licight of Tower above Sill - Ft.
389 3. licicht of Throat above Sin - Ft. , 311
?. lleicht of Air Inlet above Sill - Ft. 30 l
3. 1:cicht of Top of Fill above sill - Pt. 37 L. Depth of Basin below Sin - Ft. ~ 6 ) 2. Nomal Water Level below Sill - Ft. _ 0. 5
). Height of Sill above Grade - Ft. __
i ! 2 - Thickness of Shen - In. (Minimum) 6
- 5. Thickness of Ring Girder - In.
l 48 (ave. ) ( 5. Diameter of Supporting Columns - In. 25"
- 7. Cenerete liix and Compressien Strength Used in Design - psi *
/
- ' /
(a) Shell ' 4.000 (b) Ring Girder and Columns
~
4,000 and 5,000 (c) Basin 4,000 (d) Intemal Structuro
- 5,000
- l. Ucights -
(a) Internals - Dry ' Tono 7.300 Operating - Tens _ 9.000 (b) Shon Structure - Tono
- 16,000 (c) Water in Danin - Tons 10,000 6
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j J. Sound Vib. (1971) 14 (2),171-182 I 1-L i' t. i COOLING TOWER NOISE GENERATION AND RADIATION I R. M. Et.us . T CentralElectricity Research Laboratories, katherhead, Surrey, England 4 (Received 23 April 1970, andin revisedform 6 July 1970) I
\'
draught cooling towers, and the mechanism of noise radiation l from p measurements made at four large power stations. ,
} }.
' An expression relating the A weighted acoustic powerofa tower toits physical character .
~
. istics has been derived. This, tog:ther with the discovery that the tourts behave as {. area prediction method to be proposed. This method was used to estimate 1
3. further cooling toners and gave excellent agreement with the levels which wcre measured. [ subsequen (
?.
- 1. INTRODUCTION ' }l. ~
I j The noise levels around power stations are. in many cases, dominated C. 3 by the noise from th 2
;- . 1 <[
l 1 i falling into the pond which cosers the whole !!* area of the ba f cnto the packing of the tower, which in some cases protrudes below the shell of the tower -
*ypical tower is shown diagrammatically in Figure 1. .
g
- cJ. (
q :.. . [U* Y, Shell p/. . -3
/
/ t-t:
cvi,erf Ring boom " t.
/ *
{:
.3: % 5% ,\ / '
- f. L
.d.yJ..E..M,g&7r7 3
Pond i U c
} 2R
_ Rim ot pond t Figure I. Typical cooling tower construction. e f
?
the acoustic power generated by mthe towers, of the propagation on but also on the mech . ef this noise away from the towers. Two possible theoretical approache's to the radi been investigated. and compared with measurements ons. made at four large power stati . in their physical characteristics, so ethat owers a complete prediction evised. This method was used to predict the cooling tower ns, noi>e at three further power statio the resulting levels were then compared with the vels. measured le and
- 171 s
9 e 59 h _. .em- c . ,. . - , 1
,. ,. . w - ___.
e
- . .g - , .,-,v e
mi'.s .; 2.:.'M :.: .; tim 4f.-k * - ' - - '--- 172 R.bl.ELLn
- 2. THEOltETICAL SOUhr, RADIATION
! The first approach is to consider that the noiw .s generated by i
! around the edge of the pond, and that any noise ge . rated inside ,
escaping by reflection, refraction and absorption by 'he packing a sound pressure at any point uill thus be due to the p.,ftion of the rin l to an obsener at that point (Figure 2). This appre.ich is consider frequency noise the A weighted sound level. and, because of the predominance rA the high , t
. $hed*1'F#4 dJfl '*
I
# not (*..et t@t f0 SouM
! Pf tSh89 of A l
g
,,"# '8 g S
\
\
_ j RdA
\
\ . t i ha j Y I
d'h l 1
! Figure 2. Sound radiation from a ring source. '
~ !
8 spherical radiation, will be given byThe sound pressure1 at -
; W Z / 8 (P,,,,...)},, - g . gp . R dg, 3
f R is the radius of the rim of the pond and lis t j [ t , The total sound pressure at A due to the visible section of the } rin (P,. ...)g W,,lo ? df g 7, h a + p--. n which yields the equa:.ba ' i W,e Zo {' (P,,,,...)2 1
'a + 2R1
- t. ,3 .(a2 + 2aRj' "" ,, a j '
- where a is the distance :~ rom the rim to point A.
Wherc 4 i a < R, tan-8 'a+2K w I so .. a . 2 .
.s* + 2aR -* g:. .
(P,. ...)' -
' p, (2) l.c. a fall in sound prenre les el of 3 dD for every doubling of a.
Where I f-a > .,s. trin-, 'a+2K w I i f -* ,
- . a
- 4 - - - - . .
- a a 1+ 2aR ~~
=! .
~ _ ~
,y 7- -~"
,V 'W \' ' f O O.
-- - ..:2_. -
xx .-
.m i
l t w i NOls2 FROh! COO!.!NG TOWERS 173 N. (P,.....)* = Wa Ze d fr m I , , ? ie tot.nl - Q) i' visible ifallin sound pressure level of 6 d B for every doubling of a .
- i high.
um.ta { the same initial and fmal slopes . andcurve smooth own in Figure 3. values having as (2) ardll (3) a i e:
- 1 l (2) 5 -3/8 .
I ' .Y 2 I
! til l es (3)
E* i l g .' i,
- 1 !, .,
t.og a , Figure 3. Sound pressure icvel attenuation with datance from th 1 i e ring source shown in Figure 2. y* pond, and radiated hemispherically. the low-frequency bands, and possibly to the overall e whole surface of This the approach was }. relevant to the noise in p.
- i. ,
.cmi' Figure 4 shows that the acoustic power due to an element of arsound -
pressure .i leve ea rd$dr will be Q- ;- (W,/wR2)rd$dr, g,:f; , 5 {. - and the total pressure at A will be given by (( *
\ :
2a j '. . ,
. air, WZ
' " ' ~ 8IU C 0 0 wY '
#dOd#* i%.
*1 '
e% - O L l j T
# 1.'
.p dr t**
R l*' - " (1) ' . A ., i t r s 1 I A . Figure 4. Sound radiation from an area source.
- 2) This yields the equation .
t NY'** *b',~ W.,Zo I (R + a)2 1 . shich can be expanded in the 2rrR* formE'L(R + a)* - RJ (P' "')2 Wu Zo T R3 i f R3 l If R2 1 I 2nR8'L(R + a)2 + z((R_
+ 3+[(R a)2] + a)2[ + ..
j , of' *
- . . a m -
w w 3,-- e
174 R M U115 When ofa. a c R,P varies slawly with a, and when a > R,P c 1/a , The5. variation Figure of sound pressure level with distance from the ( 5 I
-6dB E
m Log 0 Figure 5. Sound pressure Icvel attenuation with distance from the area s
- 3. NOISE MEASUREMENTS
' Measurements were made at four power stations, three w capacity (A, B and C)and one with towers of 200 M W capacity (D). A
, line from the end tower of a row was chosen in the m extraneous noise from other sources as far as possible. A Briict and Kjx 3
I (type 2203) with octave-band ft!ter set and I in, microphone (type 4 l sop - i 9 so"~ w% N , -
, yo
\
i so so-
%w
+N f
e 3=P ~ g 7o - '
% Q y % , ;
,o ,
t *p i ,
' s. to 7
so soo
. Rim sco Distance frorr. rem (m)
Figure 6. Attenuation of sound level A and overall sound pressure towers. o -o, Tower At i
;, tower B; x-x, tower C; a-o. tower D.
I the sound levels and octave-band sound pressure levels at the rim of , ing distances from the rim along the radial line. The maximum dista and B,48S m for D, and 762 m for C. However, noise from extraneous IcVels at some frequencies at distances of more than about 120 m. under calm or very light wind conditions, and a wind-shield was used to phone from low-frequency fluctuations due to wind, but with rather limit of the low signallevels.The results are shown in Figures 6-9, with the le rim of the pond shown for convenience at the 3 m position, since it wa was very litt!c change in level over the first 3 m. Figure 10 is a combina t A h-
*5e"= '
.g * , i .ee ' , g- y % , ' . e h ', 'es M
I -
....:.- _ .- /- z-
- - - .' - =-
I ^
.; e
' Norse raoM COOLING TOWERS 175
- b. .
drawn accurately for the two relevant values of R, namely 45 7 m for towers A, B and C, and 412 m for tower D. f. t 1 Comparison between Figure 10 and Figures 6-9 shows 1,ood agreement between the two 1-I. y theories developed and the attenuations measured in practice. It can be seen that the area j-soc , F s, s, E 70F 0 g.. e + +-x o j. y sch-g ,-------- 5.D u -l }-x-- ,Y,- y ( ,
+ N -4 a
-+ {
so - ;
- oo
! o T.
M * ' - ' L
-,- - - . + t- %t e__ u
[
-g-u~r_
+ e
-i.
m - % so -. . a a so - ;3. so E i
- s 2 My _ _ 1 ise.r..i.-
,, i i.-------
- -?, :::1- -
-. .*W A F
i.; , 3 to 30 t Rim Distance teom rim (ml soo 3oo
@ , [
Fisure 7. Attenuation of octave-band sound pressure levels with centre frequencies of 315,63ih and 125 Hz with distance from four cooling towers. Legend as for Figure 6. I' ( ' M < i. To G,
- W ~ 'I- I' h^
f soh-N.1-.
$ so - '
- ,,c, T--
----* - [{-
~
h.;
% ,- N g , . .#
so f i
~
h. 40*,- _.--, N. ~ 10 {. oo-x ' N %x + so I 8
,, t.
h' t^ l
})
+ v, so " b SO Ao so-so- % %* x L do * ' ' I 3 to 3o soo Rim 3o0 I*'
1 Distance from rim (m) I t uith distance from four coolut; tow crs. Legend as for Figure 6., Figure S. Attenuation ? j of oct i Source propagation is more satisfactory for the overall sound pressureoctave levels and . hmds up to and including that centred on 250 Hz. Above this, the arc source approach gives , the more satisfactory agreement, with atmospheric absorption uation adding at to the atten I 2 Lile and above. The vahic of R given by the change of slope of the attenuation curves was .
' Fervrally in the range 30-60 m. -
5 0 t - t . 5- -
.r - 4 -
,, 7 r , . - , , , . .
as.y.. . ._ _., e
./~ . -. . s. s m .s u -
s~- '-
- 176 R. M. Ettts so "N
, f to l'
%- N t
- a :
i M x ^ e3
<ot- N x ro g so so -
}% o
<o l
l'a Rim io ao N:. ioo 5 soo 0,sronce from rim (el distance from four cooling towers.1.xcend as for Figure .wt , 6. Figure Y * ::: -
~. : ~
1; - j [ ~~ ' N ' %, N l 8 ;3 in
~~~'%.
E N y ' , 3 so I so soo Rim soo Distence from tem (m) Figure 10. Theoretical attenuation of sound pressure leve! with distance from r 4 and 45 7 m (-- -) and from area sources of radius 412 m ( - -) and 45 7 m (~ . e
' i f I TABLE I s
I I Calculatedsoundpower ofsingle cooling towers at various distances i Overall sound . Overall l pressure Sound power
. sound level (dD Distance level power A weighted A. weighted l Tower (m) relative to sound level I (dD) (w) sound power 10-88 w) (dDA) j (w)
A 15 2 84 a 39 125 9 30 5 81 74 36 125 6 0 33
, 122 74 5 47 70 - 0 33 B 15 2 126 7 60 74 5 0 44 0 27 30 5 116 4 72
,I 71 0 36 0 21 122 115 8 69 I 64 0 42 0 25-C 15 2 80 116 2 55 5 j 1 55 0 10
- 30 5 121 9 78 77 5 16 0 82 122 122 74 i 70 17 0-82 l- D 30 5 73-75 122 3 61 0 34 i
j
- 122 0-52-0 82 117 2-119 1 69-71
, 67-69 079-125 024-038 119-111 56-57 l
' 011-013 I *
.l w _ .,-
.x ,_ - . - -
e
u- .: -.._: = . , x% s, .- NOISE FROM COOLING TOWERS 177 5 t A nuincricat check on the validity of the two equations was made by calculating the overall sound power [using equation (4)] and A-weighted sound power [using equation (1)] from the {
; measurements at distances of 15 2,30 5 and 122 m. The results are given in Tabic I, which i shows that equation (4) gives nearly constant values for the overall acoustic power of any one "
. tower at all three distances. Equation (1) for the A weighted power gives similar values at !
- 33 2 and 30 5 m for any one tower but underestimates the source power if the 122-m icvels L I are used-presumably because of atmospheric absorption since tower A with the high levels in the lower frequencies is less alTected than the other towers.
I t> I 4. ACOUSTIC POWER GENERATION ., I It seemed logical as a first assumption to consider that the acoustic power would be directly [ proportional to the hydraulic power dissipated in the tower,i.e. { W,, - 9,, Mgh, (S) [ where M is the mass flow rate of cooling water (kg/sec) and h is the distance the water falls g .
; f
. from the culvert into the pond (in metres).
The acoustic power of the four towers was also calculated from the sound level measured . l alth at the rim of the pond, using the equation - )V P%, x 2nRh', r , W., (6) , Zo y.- ;.
. where h' was the depth of the "open" area below the tower shell-from pond to ring beam. W ,
i A. weighted sound levels were used to climinate spurious ~ low-frequency levels, and because, @ subjectively, A-weighted levels are more useful. The results are given in Table 2, together *- with the relevant values of M, h and h' for the four towers. The values of A-weighted power ' i obtained by this method agree reasonably well with those calculated from equation (1) ?. i and quoted in Table 1. p*, TAstx 2 tr.- l Comparison ofhydraulic and acoustic power, andphysicalproperties of thefour towers h t- : Power station A B C D [, !
! Radius of tower, R (m) 45 7 45 7 45 7 41 2 g ,
4 57 3 05 None 53 t, i.'
; Depth of packing below ring beam, T(m) licight from pond to base of packing. 1 83 4 26 6 72 -
03 - t D (m)
! l Cooling water flow rate, M (kg/sec) 7570 7570 8500 6800 3
- r
- Cooling water flow rate, M(gall /hr) 60 60 6 75 54
- Ilydraulic height, h (m) 7 93 93 8 84 64 '
Il>draulic power, II'. (MW) 0 59 0 69 0737 0427 85 80 t Sound level at rim (dBA) 84 81 61
. Open height, h'(m) 64 73 67 -
L A weighted acoustic power, II",, (W) 0-45 0-26 0-60 0 16 A-weighted acoustic etliciency, li',,/II'. 0-76 x 10-' 0 38 x 10-' 0 81 x 10-8 0 37 x 10-8 . i
! It can be seen that there is considerable variation in the value of y,,,, either because the sound powcrs are not accurate. or because equation (5)is not valid. A second approach was therefore tried, assuming the acoustic power to be given by un equation of the form l W,, - Mh
+B i Ag , (7) 12 g .-
_- - . n _.
}
, , , . . ... . . . . ..e . w ..... .. s m _- -
I r R. M. Et.t.!S 178 ! The stages
' where Twas the depth of packing below the ring beam, and D the height from the pond to 2
i the base of the packing (see Figure 1), A and B are constants with dimensions of m/sce - @ CA analogous to cfriciency, and m and n are indices which were assumed to be integers. Inspection of the two terms showed that the best agreement would be given with m - n - 2, A = 0 95 x s 10-8 and B- 18 x 10-5 m/sec. These values, when used in equation (7), gave values for . I A-weighted sound power of 0 25,0 34,0 7S and 0 34 A-watts for towers A, B, C and D' (2) The i l respectively. The octave-band levels for the towers at the rim and at a distance of 30 m from the rim a shown in Figure i1.The shapes of the spectra from 0125 to S kIIz are very similar, peakin; in the 4 kilz octave band with a value approximately 4 dB below the A-weighted sound level.
- Since the towers spanned the w hole range oflikely packing configurations and ye: gave such (3) The similar spectra,it is reasonable to propose that other towers would not give significantlyi different spectra. The average octave-band levels relative to the A-weighted sound level at the rim and at 30 m from the rim are given in Table 3.
and
' TAats 3 For distanec Average oct:we-bandlevels relative to A-weigitted.roimdlecci and that th
' , using the fo 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Centre frequency (IIz) 125 250 i
-130 -78 -63 -43 -72 ! Cent Level at rim (dB) -19 4 -19 8 i l -10 4 0 -13 0 -84 -57 -43 -10 8 Atm l Level at 30 5 m (dB)
( 1 The correct l weighted so Using thi "lg packing rig
, The other, t i t the ring ber i s "11 ,
, method to j
l a g \ f7 ,,- p eo g that were a this is a po-I g, 73 - / .
. e
- 3 x N v-x ' xx A 7 w -
' 2 +N +-+7e so j
~
g, j
* %+ +. X 3
* // 5 O
~
+ [ *'
e i
\'
\
/ t t t t g 5
- EI l l dBA O 03r$ o 063 0423 C 25 0S 1 2 4 8 dBA 4
octave bo .d cerste fre:vency(.Mz) (30*3 Tower E Figure 11. O:tave-band spectra at the rim and at 30 5 m from the rim of the four cooling towers. Legend as for Figure 6. Tower E
'
- 5. PREDICTION METIIOD Tower F From the data presented in this paper, it is now possible to detail a complete prediction, o -
* < method for the noise from cooling towers whose constructional details are known.
4
$~ . . .
,,..w__c.u_.__-.- '
N
- w. .
i NOISE FROM COOLING TOWERS 179 the 1..,nd to The stages are as follows.
- as tf m/sec .
2 j
- s. Inspection (1) Calculate the A weighted acoustic power from the equation
*/ .. A - 0 95 x ,
e values for i W,, - Nh 0 95 x 10 + l 8 x 10-8 h 7 f 5 3, C and D, , s (2) The A-weighted sound level at the rim of the pond can be found from b a the rim are t dar, peaking p2' * , W.e X 2[o 2nRh' ' " i sound level. ,; et gave such and the octave-band levels found from Table 3. significantly (3) The A-weighted sound Icvel at a distance a from the rim can be found from 5 ound 1svel at . W., x Zo 'a+2r P,i n 2(a2
+ 2aR) tan-8, a * -
I and the octave-band levels again found from Table 3. y For distances greater than 30 m. it is suggested that the spectrum shape at the rim be used, f and that the octave-band levels should be further corrected for atmospheric absorption e using the following data [1]. !. 8000 . 5
-72 8 Centre frequency (Hz) 8 ' 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 Atmospheric absorption (dB/300 m) 34 t 07 14 30 77 .'
14 4 7 ', F The corrected weighted octave sound level,if desired.band levels so obtained can then be used to calculate E the true E A-3. { Using this method, the levels were predicted for two further towers. One, tower E, had packing right down to the surface of the pond, and a nominal cooling capacity of 35 MW. i [ The other, tower F, was of nominal capacity 120 MW, and the packing stopped 0 5 m l, above j
} F.
i the ring beam (i.e. T= 0). They thus represented two extremes of design, and would put the , i rnethod to a sever- test. The predicted levels are shown in Table 4, together with the levels ,, that were actually measured. The agreement is seen to be remarkably good, suggesting z that this is a powerful technique for prediction. : .
- p. p TABLE 4 ^
C- 4 Comparison ofmeasuredandpredictedlevelsfor towers EandF 0
)
Octave-band sound pressure levels b (dB relative to 2 x 10-s N/m') i Position dBA i
~
12511z 250Hz $00liz 1 kHz 2 kHz 4 kHz S kHz (
} Tower E. Rim Predicted SI 2 61 6 61 4 1
68 2 73 4 74 9 76-9 74 81 61 58 j hie sured 67 73 5 74 5 - 76 5 75 5 81 61 58 67 73 74 5 76 5 75 4ers. t.cgend 25-} Tower E.15 2 m Predicted 70-4 56 5 52 5 57 4 62 3 64 4 66 1 61 4 70 54 49 54 i hicasured 71 61 M 65 5 63 5 60 49 55 5 61 5
! 64 5 66 5 64 5 i Tower E. 30 5 m Predicted 66 1 55 7 50 1 53 1 57 7 60 4 66 61 3 55 3 55 48 i* Measured 66 3 51 59 60 5 61 5 58 61 49 .50 53 59 5 Tower F. Rim Predicted S42 62 5 59 5 i te predict;0,- -
! 64 8 M4 71 2 76-4 77 9 hicasured 85 79 9 77 wn.
f% i 64 66 74 77 77 80 78 5 i I
- g. .
- g-- _____---_.__ _, - #
180 R. ht. Ct.LIS t As a final check, the levels from the array of 250 hlW towers sho estimated at the points shown, and compared with the measu e I was excellent right out to 805 m from the nearest working tower ( calculations are shown in the Appendix, together with the measured levels. -
' ~., l j;r o !
, - $ lI I .
4+l+h 2+ @@ Not in use So 5 Figure 12. Cooling tower layou'. and measurement positions at a 2000 MW pow s
- 6. CONCLUSIONS Cr A method has been devised, based on measurements made on four l Prc for predicting the acoustic power output from natural-draught cooling ,
.\le f,, estimating the A-weighted sound levels and octave-band sound press l' distances from them. The method was used to predict the levels from and gave excellent agreement with the measured values.
30- [
, (
I p l
- ACKNOWLEDGMENT f
T 4 is published by permission of the Central Electricity . p REFERENCE
' ,, - A g 1. A.R.P. 8661964 Standard values for atmospheric absorption, asCer a fun s' humidity for use in evaluating aircraft flyover noise. Society of Automotive Pret
[ APPENDIX hier t h1e' Calculations of the A-weighted sound power of the cooling towers andat the and the five A-weighted points shown. sound level and octave-band sound pressure levels g f CALCULATION OF A-WEIGitTED SOUND POWER Each tower had a water flow rate of I12.500 gal / min from a culvert 38 height was 26 ft and the radius of the tower 155 ft (4
. I l
In addition 20,000 gal / min of warm water was used for de icing Cent and pipe which ran into the pond which was 24 ft below. around the perimeter of the tower 3 ft below . the Pred ring
'- I Atm.
Thus the data in metric units [which must be used for the values are as follows. 1 Cont of Tower Water Tota M- 112,500 gal / min - 8500 kg/sce, h1ca i h - 3S ft - ll 6 m, F - 26 ft - 7 92 m, T- 27 ft - 8 22 m, D - O ft.
' At abov
't
* * ' - *F =v WT f, ' ' f , y e g -F
~ Mg
.-,eg -N-
*- 'W . "
. -or ,= _. w -_u - .
_- . ~. - . ._ . NOISE frost COOLING TOWERS I81 agui 4 were 82 2
- an, agreement g,,,- 8500 x 116 x 0 95 x 10-8 y - 0 473 A-watts. s
. The detailed De-icing IVater At 20,000 gal / min - 1510 kg/sec, :
4 - D - 24 ft - 7 32 m, -
;g',,- 1510 x 7 32 x l 8 x 10-8 x 12 - 0199 A-watts, ,.,
.. total acoustic power of each tower - 0 672 A-watts. t-SOUND LEVELS AND OCTAVE-BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS i At rim of pond ,'
l IV.,x Zo 0 672 x 407 PJ - - 01165 (N/m2 ):, , 2rRh 2n x 47 2 x 7 92
.. Pa = 0 34i N/m2 - S4 7 dBA. 'stati!"- From Table 3 we obtain the following octave-band levels. t Centre frequency (kHz) 0 125 0 250 0 500 1 2 4 8 dBA P yooling towers, Predicted levels (dB) 65 3 64 9 71 7 76 9 79 4 80 4 77 5 84 7 ..
pwers, and for h!casured ievels (dB) 65 63 72 77 5 78 5 80 5 79 5 85 . at considerab!J ! 30-5 m from rim of pond-positions I and 3. - further towers OD . I 'a + 2R it? S ae n p3 ,w (V a a + x2aR) 2 Z ., a , s'h 0-672 + 407 r - 2
.and paper w2 (930 + 2880) tan-' M - 0 00803 (N/m )2, , T.J Pa 09 N/m 2
731 dBA. f' ,', Again from Table 3, we' obtain the following: ; ;.
.emperature and Centre frequency (kHz) 0 125 0250 0 500 1 2 4 8 dBA
- ncers.
- h Predicted levels (dB) 62 7 57 1 60 1 64 7 67 4 68 8 62 3 73 1 .
hicasured at position 1 64 SS 59 63 5 65 68 64 5 72 ,5 i hicasured at position 3 64 52 58 64 65 5 69 65 5 72 . . !'in" of I e At p sition 2,64 m (210 ft) from towers A and D. (The contributions to the sound levels , from the rest of the towcrs will be negligible.) l ' 0 672 x 407 2 (p, _ o.052 N/m2 ) PJ "w2(4100 + 6080) tan-8 67 - 0 00273 (N/m ): 'above the lesel
- 68 4 dB.
ond. The open The octave-band levels will be prayed front a Centre frequency (kilz) - 0 500 1 2 4 8 dBA
-ily dow nwardi Predicted levels from tower A 55 4 60-6 62 1 64 1 61 2 (68 4) ,
Atmospheric absorption -01 3 -06 -16 -30 arequation(b) Contribution from tower B 3 3- 3 3 3 Total predicted lesels at position 2 58 3 63 3 64 5 65 5 61 2 69 6 Alcasured at position 2 53 62 5 64 5 65 59 69 , 1 At position 4,122 m from tower A and 183 m from tower B, using the same procedure as -
' abose, the predicted octase-band levels are given below.
~
W '
, . - - -y- , , . - - _ . ,, ,,, , % _ . 9, _. ,
, ,,W._. x e n.wgr ~ - q . ~ .,., := . ~:.y w: ~. , xw -- . . e 182 R. M. ELLIS y, g Centre frequency (kIIz) 0 500 1 2 4 8 dBA Predicted levels from tower A 50 6 55 5 56 4 56 5 50 7 Predicted levels from tower D 47 5 52 3 52 8 52 0 45 1 Total predicted levels at position 4 52 3 57 2 58 0 $7 8 51 7 63 3 '.
, Measured levels at position 4~ 50 56 5 58 58 47 i 63 i
- At position 5, it is assumed that the total noise levels will be due to contributions from ~
towers B, D and F and that towers A, C and E will be masked. i f Centre frequency (kilz) 0 500 1 2 4 8 j Predicted levels from tower F 34 1 37 5 34 4 24 8 - Predicted levels from tower D 32 4 35 5 32 0 19 5 - Predicted lesels from tower B 31 1 33 9 29 8 15 3 - . Total predicted levels at position 5 37 5 40 7 37 5 26-0 Measured levels at position 5 { 39 40 37 24 - i N.B. Alllevels quoted are in dB relative to 2 x 10-5 N/m2 . l t I I il - l'
! The l! I
, lisli incii
< - men inve ii
.. T by n l\
i' l and d beh: inhc l t' ! and C moc thee genc revi' 2.1. i -; ; S. c reae nor. L g por, Cap!
.l ,
9 Lisc-eum
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.m- ,-
- -- - ,- p ,v, -,-v -
i g, ,,4- -'r
- ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE IMPACT OF NATURAL DRAFT HYPERBOLIC COOLING TOWERS
, BY JOHN P. CARLSON, EMISSIONS CONTROL BUREAU ALLAN M. TEPLITZKY, OFFICE OF ENVIRONMENTAL AFFAIRS CONSOLIDATED EDISON COMPANY OF NEW YORK, INC.
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10003 PRESENTED AT
'87th MEETING OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIET OF AMERICA APRIL 24, 1974 NEW YORK, NEW YORK Protection of the natural environment may necessitate s
, consideration of alternate cooling systems for some ele'ctric , , power generating stations to reduce the temperature and amount of cooling water discharged. The impact of the sound emitted by cooling towers on the surrounding community is one'of the elements 2 considered in the benefit-cost analysis of alternate cooling sy' s' tems . This paper (1) summarizes the results of field - measurements uned to quantify ,the sound emission from natural draft hyperbolic cooling towers (2) develops a simplified cooling tower noise emission prediction scheme, and (3) evaluates the impact of the noise emission on the surrounding community. The study has been limited,however, to the range of cooling towers considered for electric utility applications.. , h
.1 -
i + A '. Cooling Tower
- Description
- Two types of natural draft hyperbolic cooling towers
. /
l - were considered in this study - crossflow and counterflow. In the crossflow tower, Figure 1, the hot water from the power plant, I- which is to be cooled, is delivered to the top of a cylindrical i annulus external to the base of the tower. This hot water is a - ! distributed around th'e tower and falls through multiple tiers of f fill creating droplets of water. The impingement of these water i droplets on the fill material and on the water in,the basin below I are the primary noise generating mechanisms. Draft cooling i air passes by the droplets at an angle of about 90 degrees, hence, f i t the crossflow designation. The cooled water is then collected in the basin at the base of the tower and returned to the plant. In the counterflow tower, Figure 2, the hot water is pumped to a
- 4
{ a distribution system above the fill, an'd runs through the fill. i . ] The water then falls from the fill to the collecting basin in the 1
- form of droplets. These droplets impacting the water in .the
- basin is the primary source of noise generation. Draft cooling air. enters the-tower.between the water collecting basin and tower shell, and passes through the watIer' droplets in a direction counter to th'eir flow (180 ). The cooled water is collected in the basin 3 at the base of the tower'and-then returned to.the plant.
f I e 1. 2= e h
" n e-~ w ,e .. mm --v-wn- , s r~-o-~~+4-,n -. y p- - ~ - - +,*-nm ,7--ee op p -,- - .-r e yv +- -,n
, B. Noise Measurement and Analysis
~
+ / . Techniques for estimating sound emissions from natural dradt' towers have been previously published by Ellis. In order 2 ! to validate this prediction scheme, noise measurements of the sound emitte'd by both.counterflow and crossflow cooling towers i were made at several electric generating stations in the eastern
. half of the country. . .
1 An A-weighted sound level analysis was deemed sufficient i i for development of a sound emission prediction scheme and for . evaluating subjective community response, since the sound i j generated by water falling in both types of towers is continuous, '
- and the frequency spectra is broad-band and.-generally without
- ( tones. A summary of the natural draft hyperbolic cooling tower noise
! i
; measurements made at power plants is shown in Table I, and the typical range of octave band spectra is shown in-Figure 3. For the cooling towers that were evaluated, the Ellis prediction scheme
,.~-
this scheme estimates sound levels e appears to be conservative, i.e., ' to within 3 dB(A) of the measured sound levels at 40 feet and 80 feet Sound levels measured-in the near field of the cooling' towers were normalized to a common water flow rate, by adding or subtracting ten times the logarithm of the difference between the rated and common' water flow rates from the sound levels q measured at similar distances.'from the tower basin rim. Results i Etherefore indicate, that for similar water flow rates, the A-weighted ' 4-sound level for counterflow towers was about 1 dB(A) higher-
~ than, crossflow towers.
3-
Since the noise genera ::: mechanisms and emission levels of the e f. two types of cooling t: s:s differ, two equations for estimating near, field sound emissi::2 at a distance of 40 feet from the basin rim were developed. The 40 foot distance was selected since it is in the near field of the tower, and the sound level measured would not be r- nificantly altered by structural elements'of the tower. I:und levels measured at 40 feet were normalized to the tower I water loading, by subtracting from the measured sound levels,.:e: times the logarithm of the water loading. Water loading is deter.rsd when the cooling water flow rate (M), in G.P.M., is divided :' ; the active (or working) tower area (A), in , square feet, receiving - a water droplets. ,The results of 7 normalizing the measursi alues shown on Figure 4, indicate the parametric dependency of round emissions upon water loading. For the range in size f :coling towers investigated, our studies indicate that water lcting is the significant parameter which determines sound emissit:2. For practical purposes, the active area of a cooling tower is conr-isred .the area of the water basin for counterflow towers and :4 mean area of the fill for crossflow towers. Based upon the : rise measurements and the effect of water
~
loading on noise emissi::2, the A-weighted sound level at 40 feet from the rim of the wa:t: =asin can be simply estimated by the followin~g two equatient: Figure 5) . L40 = 71 + 10 log ~ A), db( A) for , crossflow towers (Eqn. 1) and, L = 75.5 +.10 lc- .YA ), dB ( A) for counterflow towers (Egn. 2) 40
]
'j
where; L 40 - A-weighted sound level at 40 feet M water flow rate in G.P.M. A - active area of the tower in Ft Divergence of sound to the far field was calculated using the two equations presented in Reference 1 for typical power plant natura draft hyperbolic cooling towers. Sound attenuation as a function of distance from the cooling tower is shown on Figure 6. Excess air attenuation for a typical situation was additionally estimated using the cooling tower sound spectrum and was added to divergence as shown again on Figure 6. As expected, cooling tower sound attenuated at the rate of 3 dB for doubling distance in the near t field, and 6 dB for doubling distance in the far field.
. Table II compares measured sound levels with sound levels
~
estimated by the method developed herein. Estimated sound levels at 40 feet and 80 feet, and in the far field, are within the equivalent accuracy found using the Ellis method for the range ,# in size of towers studied. For the type of cooling towers studied, and others in-operation or planned for future operation, variance in air inlet height, fill, and basin diameter would introduce about a maximum l'dB(A) variance in noise emissions. In summary, water loading has been found by our study to be the significant parameter t determining noise emissions from natural draft hyperbolic cooling , towers. e G
- m
Cooling towers are generally set-back considerable distances from
, the plant prope,rty line or nearest residential neighbor. Excess attenuation due to factors such as changes in atmospheric sound .,
absorption, natural barriers, meteorology, vegetation, etc. may be factors in calculating the expected community noise intrusion, and have not been included in the discussion since they are unique to each site. Therefore, daily cooling tower community noise intrusion can at best be represented by an expected range of levels due to variations in multiple factors that contribute to excess attenuation. C'. Communit'y Noise Evaluation In order to evaluate the environmental impact of sound s emitted by a natural draft cooling tower on surrounding residential
, communities, two alternate schemes were used - one was to calculate the Day-Night averaged A-weighted sound level, L dn' 88 Proposed by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency,3 and the second was to calculate the Noise Pollution Level in dB( A) , LNP, as proposed
.by' Robinson. ,
Electric utilities, unlike other industries, are required to provide continuous uninterupted service, twenty-four hours per day. Therefore, cooling towers, by necessity, operate continually. Based upon the E.P.A.'s residential community noise criteria of ~ Ldn = 55 dB, cooling , tower noise emitted into a community, would be limited to about 49 dB(A) exclusive of the presence of background noise, since the calculated Ldn ' # - a n nu us n se source is
- 6. 4 dB higher than its continuous measured A-weighted sound level.
\
However, when the' cooling tower noise emissions are superimposed
. on the background noise level measured in a typical surburban New York community, the results are shown in Table III. It can Ebe observed from Table-III, for the two communities studied, that near to the cooling tower, the noise emitted by the tower would control the sound heard by the community. At distances farther away from the tower and well into the community, 'the community background noise becomes the significant sound contributor. A typical example of siting a natrual draft cooling tower servicing a pow'er plant is illustrated on Figure 7. Based upon this
. example, an acoustical buffer zone of'5,000 feet is required to , achieve an Ldn= 5 5dB with consideration of the community's
, background noise. In some cases, the cumulati,ve effect of noise emissions from both the power plant and the cooling tower may
~
necessitate a larger buffer zone, since the noise emissions of the power. plant may be the same order of magnitude as the noise emissions from the cooling tower. . An alternate method of e,stimating environmental impact is to compute the Noise Pollution Level, as proposed by Robinson for traffic oriented noise intrusion 2 LNP = L50+h6- 10
~
- 90) + 1.55 (L10 - L90), dB(A) Eqn. (3)
Computation of the L p for the quiet suburban residential' community , is shown on Table IV. The results suggest that, for the community investigated, the introduction of a continuous steady sound' level t
. S
can reduce the community's Noise Pollution Laval because of the reduction in the variation between the residual and intrusive noise levels (those levels exceeded for 90% and 10% of the time respec'tively), as the mean noise level (noise exceeded 50% of the time) increases. As the steady sound introduced increases beyond the ambient intrusive (L10) level, the L NP also starts to increase. Thus, for each community there may be an optimal sound intrusion level that minimizes LNP* U *9 *
. community studied, a continuous intrusion of 45 dB(A) appears . 4g/g, to be optimal. From a practical viewpoint, the introduction of broadband continuous sound from a source such as natural draft ,
cooling towers may be beneficial by providing acoustical masking for e the continuous tones generated by that station's power transformers, or the intermittent sounds such as steam venting. D. Conclusion k In conclusion, our studies have shown that noise emitted by the type of natural draft hyperbolic. cooling towers . commonly used for power plant, application can be predicted at distances of 40 feet or more from the basin rim, using the simplified method which was developed from measured data and published results. Cooling tower noise emissions appear to be most directly related to water loading. However, noise levels predicted in the far field, possibly impacting the community, are
~
influenced by those environmental , factors controlling excess attenuation The study further suggests that significant amounts of noise
, control cannot; be achieved by modifying the physical parameters of natural draft cooling towers, as presently designed. Finally, the environmental impact of natural draft cooling tower sound emissions can be minimized if sufficient distance is provided between the cooling tower and the neighboring community to attenuate the cooling tower noise.
g e 9 8 4
, ~~.. .
3 6 , 6 6 4 f
%ee e
6 t' S w 9 e.
- REFERENCES i l
- 1. " Cooling Tower Noise Generation and Radiation,"
R.M. Ellis, Journal of Sound and Vibration (1971) 14 (2), pp. 171-182.
- 2. Ostergaard Associates Report 1111 A-7 ( dr af t )', prepared for Con Edison, February 15, 1974.
- 3. "Information on Levels of Environmental Noise Requisite to Protect Public Health and Welfare with Adequate Margin of Safety," Environmental Protection Agency, March 1974.
- 4. "Towards a Unified System of Noise Assessment," D. W. Robinson, Journal of Sound and Vibration (1971) 14 (3) pp. 274-298.
O e them. e e e
- e 6
4 , 8 e e 4
==%
% e e
b
/ .
e S r l .
~
AIR OUTLET
. A .' 16
; i
. ~
4 g = .- . WATER
,,,u,,"
INLET *'~'' ' i .- AIR = -
' AIR INLET INLET q ,
' ~
' WATER OUTLET
~ . . .
.i NATURAL - DRAFT WET COOLING TOWER -
(COUNTER - FLOW) e . .
Figure 1 . s . e e 4
t t o AIR " OUTLET I f~ . HOT ' WATER - I ' AIR [ INLET INLET f Jlll1llt g g
- yw rgi s 7V n .e.kw==y-n\ 'F[M Vq
\ ~:::u: I CE:Y: EF NYEiE}d*:q.i=,9'Tiiff:m=~g~ tv N M_3_4 v zRi!?my bib- s : PET l - -
m , :2._v.w.*.d,,a;c, a . . . . t,,y,
.ilsi .. __i==J.
_...,3..._.,. _. '.:u.
.-.e
, WATER OUTLET GD e
g
- a e
*B am .
D e NATdRAL - DRAFT WET COOLING TOWER (CROSS - FLOW) . 9 Figure 2, .
*G s 9 6
_ - - - - - ~ ' '
~
TABLE I - COMPARI' SON OF MEASURED AND' PREDICTED SOUND LEVELS FOR NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERS _ , Sound Level in dB(A) Distance from Tower (feet) 40' 80' 320' '640' Tower Flow Rate ' No. (GPM) - Type . Measured'Ellis, Measured Ellis, Measured Ellis. Measured Elli* 5 1 1.39x10 Counterflow , 79 81 75 76
- 65
- 5 2 1.40xlO Countgrflow 80 79 76 75
- 64 * .
3 2.50x10 Counterflow 80 83 77 78
- 68
- 5 4 2.6.4x10 Crossflow 81 83 . 76 78 66 68 60 61h 5
5 2.31x10 Crossflow 80 - 81 75 77 63 66 54 60
- ~
- Plant Noise Emissions or Topographical ,
Conditions Prevented Accurate Measurements. 1 With Nir Absorption 50 F & 55% RH. , O . 1
g . . t TABLE II . 5 COMPARISON OF MEASURED AND PREDICTED SOUND LEVELS . FOR NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERS Sound Level in dB($) l . Distance from Tower (feet) 40' 80' 320' 640' Tower Flow Rate . No. (GPM) Type Measured Pred. ' Measured Pred. Measured Pred.. Measured Pred. 5 . 1 1.39x10 Counterflow 79 79 75 76
- 66
- 59 5 .
2 1.40x10 counterflow 80 80 76 77
- 67
- 60 e
3 2.50x10 counterflow 80 80 77 75
- 65
- 58 5
4 2.64x10 Crossflow 81 81 76 78 66 ' 68 60 61 5 t 5 2.31x10 Crossflow 80 , 80 * . 75 77 63 67 54 60
. ?,
~
0 Plant Noise Emissions or Topographical
- Conditions Preventpd Accurate Measurements ,
h /
# w
. ~
4 - e Table III Calculated Ldn f r Cooling Tower Sound Intrusion into Sub' urban Community
, Computed Ldn Community Sound Community near 'Ouiet community Level plus steady highway sound intrusion .
Community Ambient Sound Level 58 dB(A) 52 dB(A) Ambient + 40 dB(A) ' ~ [ intrusion 58 53 4 Ambient + 45 dB(A) . , intrusion 59.5
- 54.5 Ambient + 50 dB(A) intrusion 61 57.5
. i ., .
Ambient + 55 dB(A) , intrusion .
, 63.5 61.5 Ambient + 60 dB (A) intrusion , 67 ,
66.5
~
it
. 4\
/
. I l
t . l , ( ,e . t - v, . - e \ Table IV
'. Calculated L NP for Cooling Tower Sound Intrusion into Quiet Suburban Community Community Sound A-Weighted S'ound Level -
t) Level Exceed for % of time LNP
~
f, , . - 90% 50% 10%
- / '
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, intrus' ion 41 43 46 .'51 p,1 ,
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s Greg Capano Wayne E. Bradley Stone & Webster Engineering Corporation Boston, Massachusetts 02107 ( . a 't e!h Stone a Webster PRESE?UED AT THE 87TH MEETING OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA APRIL'23-26, 1974 - NEW YORK, N.Y.
Acoustical Imp ct of Coo).ng Towers, G, Capano, W. E. Bradley PREDICTION OF "A" WEIGHTED AMD OCTAVE BAND SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS FOR WET NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERS ' The data shown in the Sound Level Prediction Figure represents the upper limit of actual field measurements of Sound Levels in dB(A) versus Distance for eight wet-natural draft cooling towers wit'h water capacity ranging from 140,000 to 600,000 gallons per minute. The measured sound levels did not vary directly with increase in water capacity but fell randomly on or slightly below the solid line curve in the Sound Level Prediction Figure for distances
~
up to 1000 feet. Beyond 1000 feet, the data has been extrapolated using hemispherical radiation (6dB/ double distance) and atmospheric absorption for standard conditions of 59 F and 70% relative humidity. ' The "A" weighted sound level for a specific distance from the rim of a cooling I tower is obtained directly from the solid line curve in the Sound Level Prediction Figure. The octave band sound pressure levels are obtained by using the following procedure: A. FOR DISTANCE UP TO 100 FEET - Read directly from solid curve the "A" weighted sound level. The octave band sound pressure levels are obtained by subtracting from the "A" weighted value the average correction factors shown in Table A. B. FOR DISTANCES BEYOMD 100 FEET - Read directly from the dasbod line curve, the sound level without atmospheric absorption. The octave
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band sound pressure levcis are obtained by subtracting the average I correction factors shown in Table A and by further correcting for atmospheric absorption using the following data. (Reference 4) Center Frequency Hz 500 1K -2K 4K 8K-AtmosphericAbsorption(dB/1000 feet) 0.7 1.4 3.0 7.7 14.4 The resulting octave band sound pressure levels when "A" weighted will equal the values shown by the solid line curve which represents the true "A" weighted level at that distance. 4 . s 9 9 e 1 a we..ran b sve
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s NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERS SOFT SOUND PRESSURE LEVELS O TOWER A- 600pOO' GPM e TOWER 8 - 258900 GPM N A TOWER E- 400,000 GPM A TOWER C- 250,000 GPM 1 I ( Z O TOWER H- 292,000 GPM D TOWER G- 261,000 GPM O TOWER F- 250,000 GPM . o . . 'o 80 - 5 C ! a 2 j E A O g g4 A ! < 70 a 8 o
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i g 31.5 63 125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
- e TABLE A .
i AVERAGE OCTAVE BAND LEVELS RELATIVE TO A-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVEL CENTER FREO(FO 31.5 63 12 5 250 500 1000 .2000 4000 8000
- 6.8 - 3 3 - 6.3 -10.8 - 8.8 - 6.3 - 6.8 - 6.3 -8.3 RRECTlON -
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p n NATURAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERS - SOUND LEVEL ENVELOPES 10 0 - 3 90 1 s z - e
'o 80
- x 8 TOWER ENVELOPE 1
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' 70 -
m - u _a , w 60 - i $ 1 TOWER O z 50 - o O
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n. c MECHANICAL DRAFT COOLING TOWERS
- SOUND LEVEL vs DISTANCE 100 -
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- ' 70 -
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PRE 0lCTION VS MEASURED 2 R/C PREDICTION i . 3 0 , e sO b A g
- x A
- as -10 -
A O O -
- 2 e y-20 l RESEARCH/CORTRELL A O
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- gj o TOWER D-l 40,000 GPM-254 DIA e A TOWER H-400,000 GPM-320 DI A
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- 0.01 0.1 - 1.0 10.
DISTANCE FROM RIM R ATIO , DIA. OF BASE y l
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1 \ 90 MECHANICAL DRAFT COOLI ' PREDICTIONEDVS MEAS a 2 99 R \ s t z i
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g '.. ! ' t, . y 50 - 3 O TOWER A - 900 HP 4 1 i o i c z 3 40 - o TOWER B -1375 HP U t, . o < \
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l l i Actustical Impact of Ccoling Towsrs, G. Capan), W. E. Bradisy , REFERENCES
- 1. Ellis, R. M. " Cooling Tower Noise Gen . ration and Radiation,"
Journal of Sound and Vibration, l Vol.14 (2), pp 171-182,1971. .
- 2. Dyer, I., and Miller, L.N. " Cooling Tower Noise,"
Noise Control, pp 180-183, May, 1959 - l
- 3. Research-Cottrell, " Estimation of Noise from Natural Draft Cooling Towers, Counterflow with Film.
Packing, undated. Research-Cottrell, Hamon Cooling Tower Division Box 750, Bound Brook,, New Jersey
- 4. Aerospace Recommended Practice, ARP866,
" Standard Values of Atmospheric Absorption as '
a Function of Temperature and Humidity for Use in Evaluating Aircraft Flyover Noise." Aug.'31, 1964, Society of Automotive Engineers, [ 485 Lexington Ave., New York, N. Y. l e h 9 e t
. . ....... A L
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.I \
r.
- r. . .....
.]
. . l . . . .
....,/,...
Noise Control of Power Plant
. Cooling Towers. A Study of
,, ..the Size of Buffer Zone Required
..t.o Meet Various Noise Criteria.
C,. . _,, . - . . . . . . . . . . . . I
- -f r: - ' -". " James E. Shahan "Sargent & Lundy Engineers Environmental Division
- Project No. 4896-00
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dht N INTRODUCTION AfID
SUMMARY
l' . .: , , The purpose of this study was to investigate the size of buffer zone required around power plant cooling towers to meet various noise criteria. ' Measured field noise data was used as the asis of the analyses and, using certain assumptions, these
. data were applied to correlate the capacity of the power plant
- . a * ._. . .
with the area of land necessary to meet varicus no'ise criteria
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for both mechanical (standard) draft and natural draft cooling towers. *:*.
- This correlation is derived in terms of the
'.T '. . * : ' .
" specific noise control area" (i.e., the required land area Se'r"dni.t_. plant capaci.ty, s,qi ft. per megawatt). It was found
,that the specific noise control area was very nearly independent
~ "
$f 5he plant capacity for b'oth mechanical and natural draft I t e s, depending only on the A-weighted noise level (dBA)
, criteria required to be met. *
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'The most important assumptions made in the analyses are as follows:
-.-- (1) '
The noise, levels in dBA for natural draft towers vary
... .directly with [10 logio ( GPM j and with [10 log 10 ( HP h i- -
for mechanical draft towers. GPM= water flow to the tower
- and HP= total cooling tower fan horsepower.
(2) The measured data was extrapolated bey nd 2000-3000 feet
. omitting additional acoustic energy loss due to atmospheric
" absorption, as a conservative estimate.
Using these assumptions, Figure 11 illustrates the relationship
- between the noise criteria to be met and the specific noise control i
- area as required around either a mechanical or natural draft tower in ft / 2megawatt. This relationship is independent of the megawatt rating of the plant. The range of values indicated in the
, s
, l ess
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/ i! i figure, takes into account the fact that the size of tower would r
vary depending upon, among other things, the ambient design
' conditions. Since the A-weig.hted (dBA) noise leyel is assumed to , ... . e . .
l ~de~p'end on1'y upon the water flow quantity for a natural draft l tower and on the fan horsepower for a mechanical tower, the same megawatt-rated plant could have towers with different noise levels. . The range shown in Figure 11 (and in other pertinent figur'es in this report) covers the appropriate ranges expected i -for plants througho,ut the United States. i EXISTING AND PROPOSED NOISE REGULATIONS AND REC 0t@iENDATIONS ~ In"oEde'r to rel' ate cooling tower noise to the size of buffer zone required for noise control, it is necessary to compare I e expected 2 tower noise levels with an objective noise criteria. 3 Thble 1 illustrates a (non-exhaustive) list of the noise / limits either .-existing . . or in the proposal stage throughout the
- United States. .
It is felt that the most significant limits j . . . , . . . in the table are those established by the Federal Environmental 1 . . Protection Agency. This is an official Agency recommendation knhtaregulation)whichsuggestslimitingenvironmentalnoise levels to an equivalent A-weighted value of 49 dBA for constant i noise sources, as power plant cooling towers would be expected to be. This recommendation is intended to be a guideline for s'tates, counties, municipalities, etc. in establishing
~
enforceable noise limits. It should be anticipated in power j , plant design that these recommendations will be followed closely -
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in future noise limit regulations. e '. : .
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sp ' From Table 1, it ils apparent that there is a very wide spread r , of dBA noise criteria which could be applicable to, power plants depending on their specific location. For those limits indicated in the table, this ranges from 40 dBA-65 dBA. This wide range would result in a correspondingly wide range for I the size of buffer zone required for noise control of cooling towefs. This report, for completeness, includes results covering the entire dBA noise level limit range given in Table 1. EXPECTED POWER PLANT COOLING TOWER NOISE LEVELS (dBA). Figures 1 and 2 show, respectively, dBA noise levels measured a's a function of distance for mechanical and natural draft cooling towers.(1) The assumption was made in the analyses of this
< report that the noise levels of mechanii:a1 draft towers depended onlyonthefanhorsepoweraccordingto(,10 log 10(HP)]and .
noise levels of natural draft towers depended only on the cooling water flow to the tower according to [10logio(GPM)). This means, for example, that doubling the horsepower HP (mechanical) or the water flow CPM (natural) would cause the tower noise to increase by 3dBA. This assumption has been suitably verified for mechanical towers but there is some question as to the - validity for natural draft towers. It is felt that the assumption of this noise level variation with tower size is desirable for an estimate of the problem at hand (size of buffer zone). '
-(1)These data were obtained by Consolidated Edison of New York and by Stone & Webster of Boston--the information was presented at the 87th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America in New York City, April 1974.
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1 , . Using the above assumption, the solid curves in' Figures 1 ..
" and 2 show, respectively, the predicted dBA noise levels
~~ ~
as a function of distance from a 1600 horsepower mechanical .
'dr'ft a tower (HP = 1600) and a 600,000 GPM natural draft I
tower based on the available measured data. Note that in
...l.
_ Figure.2, for natural draft towers, there does not appear
,,to,be
,an apparent consistent variation with cooling water
,, flow quantity to the tower. However, if the assumed
,. vari.a, tion does indeed occur in the real sense, the flow range covered,*from about 140,000 OPM to 600,000 GPM,would represent PL: :.. ; ; - ,
c .,,a .,10 , log 10 ! = eren e in n se
. level from the " quietest" to the ", noisiest" tower.
D C r i *. .^ : ' It is felt
/
that the small number of towers measured, along with the rt _ :. . .
,_,relatively small spread of expected noise levels, does not
,.,c,onclusively determine whether the noise level variation with
.,.rwater .-
flow does or does not occur in the real sense. However, as mentioned above, the assumption is made in this report N hi't'this' variation does occur. '
, From the solid curves in Figures 1 and 2, it is then possible
..to predict the noise level versus distance for any power plant
, cooling tower by using these " baseline" curves and raising
. or lowering them the number of decibels (A-weighted)
. corresponding to (10 log 10(HP/1600)) for a mechanical draft
.,towerandby[10 log 10(GPM/600,000{ for a natural draft tower;
* :.~. . *
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F '
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4/7+ s where HP is the total fan horsepower for the mechanical tower of interest and GPM is the cooling water flow to the natural draft tower of interest. RANGES OF TOWER NOISE LEVELS EXPECTED THROUGHOUT THE U.S.A. i The ultimate goal here is predict the size of buffer zone required i for power plant noise control of cooling towers on~the basis of i a " specific noise control area"; i.e., the amount of land needed per megawatt of plant capacity. We have, from above, the , 1 , capability of prediction for noise level's based on either the { , horsepower (mechanical) or the cooling water flow (natural) l related to the cooling tower. However, depending on specific l design conditions, the same megawatt capacity plant may have different fan horsepowers or cooling water flow rates. The i . ! variation in these quantities is discussed in this section., Figures 3 and 4 show, respectively, the relationship between plant j capacity and tower horsepower (mechanica3) and cooling water flow . i I rates (natural) for several existing power plant installations i throughout the U.S.A. It is seen from the figures that the i horsepower could vary between HP = 3.8 (Mw) and HP. = 9 2 (Mw) for mechanical draft towers and the cooling water flow rates could vary between GPM = 300.0 (Mw) and GPM
- 588.'2 (Mw) for natural draft towers for these several plants. Using the assumed ,
variation in noise levels discussed in the above section, the range of tower noise levels expected could then vary from the
' s o c"
.,.i
- " baseline" curves in Figures 1 and 2 by IlO log 10(3.8Mw/1600) - .
l
't'o-[10 log 10(92Mw/1600)]formechanicaldrafttowersandfrom Q10 log 10(300.0Mw/600,000)] -to- 10logio(588.2Mw/600,000){for natural draft towers.
BEQUIRED DISTANCE FROM COOLING TOWERS TO MEET VARIOUS NOISE CRITERIA
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Figures 1 and 2 provide the information to predict the noise
. f. eve 1sfrombothmechanicaldrafttowers(with,fanhorsepowers of HF=1600) and natural draft towers (with cooling water flow ..
rates of OPM=600,000) and Figures 3 and 4 provide the information
,to predict the ranges of tower noise levels, possible throughout the country for plants of various, megawatt capacities.
It is then possible to estimate the distance required from the towers c:r: . . .. . . .. .... :... .. in order to meet a specific dBA noise level limit. Figures 5 and 6 111u' strate such results for noise levels from'40 dBA to 65 dBA T6r meclianical and natural draft cooling towers, respectively. The ranges shown for each noise level limit c'rresponds ' o to the
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variation in horsepower or water flow possible depending upon the ' specific design conditions for each plant given its megawatt capacity.
" SPECIFIC NOISE CONTRdL' AREA" FOR COOLING TOWER NOISE We now have the capability, from Figures 5 and 6, to estimate the distance from cooling towers at which various noise level limits (dBA) will be achieved. Of pri$ary interest is the area
< of land per unit plant capacity. This area will, of course, l depend not only upon the distance from the tower but also on the l 1
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area required by tha t wsr itcalf. Having thn siza cf tower and , the distance from it to meet a noise level limit, it is possible to calculate the total area of land required for noise control. ' Figures 7 and 8 show, respectively, the length of mechanical towers and the diameter of natural draft towers for several plants of various megawatt capacities. The solid lines in the figures illustrate the assumed variation in tower size as a function of the plant capacity. The spread in the data for natural draft towers in Figure 8 is quite wide--however, since in most cases the total area of land required to meet a noise level limit will be controlled by the distance from the tower this wide spread in data should not result in large relative errors in estimating the total' area.
, The " specific noise control area" required for mechanical draft towers is assumed to be given by 1
{ As .(L + 2D) (W +2D) , ft / 2megawatt Mw and for natural draft towers by . A8 = T(R +D) , ft / 2megawatt gy , where A, = specific noise control area required, f t / megawatt L = length of mechanical draft tower (assumed all cells are in-line), ft. D = dictance from nearest surface of the tower, ft. W = width of mehcanical draft tower cell, ascumed 40 ft. R = radius of round natural draft tower, ft. '
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Mw = megawatt capacity of power plant where tower is
<- installed.
Based on the above~ analysis and,the, distance values from , i Figures 7 and 8, the specific noise control area" As is shown
, . plotted in Figures 9 an_d 10 fcer_ mechanical 'and natural draft towers, respectively, for various noise level limits and for
'"~
p1' ant having different capacities. The analysis indicates, as
~ ~~s'e'en~ fr'om figures 9 and l'O, that the value of A s is nearly
"'"'increpe'ndent of the plant capacity and depends only on the
'n'o~iseleve1"i'mit i to be achieved.
As was poin,ted out earlier,
. . . . - ~ -
th'e' r'ecommen'ded limit of 50 dBA (approximately) by the Federal g , . . .: . .; . . . .
. 2. . .. . :: .
3 ,3 Erivirpnmental Protection Agency is felt to be the most significant s.. noise,., criteria.in~that future legislation is anticipated to be
< ,,,., consist.ent with .this. recommendation. . f -
"FiguFe 11' summarizes the ultimate results of this study giving
~
** the" specific noise control area A s as a function of the dBA dbiselevellimittobeachieved. The figure was derived from
'Fli;ures'9 and 10, where the dependence on the plant capacity hias buon 'reinoved; i.e., ' As is nearly independent of the plant .
~'
capacity in megawatts. From Figure 11, for the 50 dBA noise level
% ,<[. ' limit to be achieved for cooling tower noise, without any other
~ form of no,ine control being impicmented, would require between
"'1N,000-27,000 ft /2megawatt (or 322-0.621 acres / megawatt) for
' " natural draft towers and between 35,000-90,000 ft /2megawatt -
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(or0.805-2.07 acres / megawatt) for mechanical draft towers.
. d. '
- April, 1974
)
TES 1 I LIST OF VARIOUS (EXISTING OR PROPOSED) NOISE RECULATIONS ' IN TERMS OF THEIR A-WEIGHTED (dBA) EQUIVALEllT PERMITTED AT RESIDENTIAL BOUNDARY LINES I Equivalent dBA Level Source of Regulation or Recommended Limits Daytime Nignttime IllinoidPollutionControlBoard 61 51(1) Federal Environmental Protection Agency (2) 49 49
. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 60 55 New York City Zoning Regulations 60 60 New York City Noise Control Code 55(3) 55(3) '
New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation 65 45(0) - Dept. of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) 55(5) 55(5) 7 New Jersey Dept. of Environmental Protection 65 50(6) Washington, D. C. 55 50(7) St. Louis County (Missouri) 55 50 Montgomery, Alabama 55 55 North Carolina 60 55 40 San Diego, Calif. Noise Ordinance 45 Lakewood, Colorado 55 50 Boston, Mass. - 60 50 Baltimore, Maryland 58 53 - Dallas, Texas 56 49 Miami, Florida 55 52 . Los Angeles, California
- 55 45 San Francisco, California 55 .
50
/
Dayton, Ohio . 56 56 e e mer
Y~~ - April, 1974,
\
TABLE 1 (Continued) "- - -
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. Equivalent dBA Level So'urce of Regulation or Recommend'ed Limits Daytime Nignttime Chicago, Illinois 55 55 ,
Columbus, Ohio .. . 52- 52 .
}everly Hills, California 40 ,
40
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-Hemet, California -
50 50 -
.J_airlawn, New Jersey .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 .
._P_e.oria, Illinois . . _ . - _ . _ . . . . . . _ . .._ _ _ 5 3 . _ . --
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Arihaheim, California '~"60 ~ "~ ~ 60
~
Minneapolis, Minnesota 55 55 Tucson, Arizona . 55 55
'(1) Does not apply to " exist. Lng" sources -- if legislation forces
. . . . C.T. installation, would not be considered a "new" source and this number would not apply. -
(2) Recommended limit value is Ldn = 55 dBA; the relationship l between Ld n and a constant dBA noise level L is Ldn = L+6 dBA. (3) Code limits interior noise level to 45 dBA; a 10 dBA no'ise reduction for open windows is assumed. (4) Does not apply to " existing" sources (installation initiated prior.to July 1, 1974) or to site modifications made prior to January 1, 1975. (5) This is taken in the mid-range of the A5-65 dBA "normally acceptable" HUD values. (6) This value will be applicable after January 1, 1976 -- the value of 55 dBA will apply until then. - (7) The limits are specified in dBC values -- the table values are the approximate corresponding dBA values. s M . b .
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