ML20086D713

Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station Semiannual Rept Number 38 Jan-June 1991

ML20086D713
Person / Time
Site:	Pilgrim
Issue date:	06/30/1991
From:	Richard Anderson BOSTON EDISON CO.
To:
References
NUDOCS 9111260231
Download: ML20086D713 (164)

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marineecology/tucHet Reloted to Operotion ofPilgrimItotion SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT NUMBER 38 J ANU ARY 1991 - JUNE 1991 A-gf

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Complied and Reviewed by:

[ 0U8 lxdd-m Robert D. Andersco Senior Marine Fisneries Biologist 4

d Regu'atory Affairs DeLart<:U,t Licensing Div!5i0n Scsta ?:isc. :ca;acj 25 B.ointri. Hill C#fice Per*

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IABLLOLC0lilE!!LS SLCIIDH

-I; Summary II Intro 60ction III Marine Biota Studies 4

III A ' tlAt.ne_UJiheritsJonitorina l

Semi-Annual Report on Monitoring to Assess Impact of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station on Marine fisheries Resources of Western Cape Cod Bay, Project Report No. S1 (January - June 1991) (Mass. Dept.

of fisheries, Hildlife and Environmental Law Enforcement; Division of Hartne Fisheries)

IIIO Ffeltth1C_lbDit0Jln9 Benthic Algal and Faunal Monitoring at the Pilgrim Huclear Power

Station, January 1991 June 1991 (Science Appilcations International Corp.)

IIIC Entrainment Monitoring Ichthyoplankton Entrainment Honitoring at Pligrim Nuclear Power Station, January - June 1991 (Marine Research, Inc.)

IIID 1mpingement Monitorina l

Impingement of Organisms at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station:

January 1

- June 1991.

(Boston Edison Company)

IV Minutes of Meeting 75 of the Administrative-Technical Committee, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station II

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SWMARY Highlights of the environmental survel' lance and monitoring program results obtained over this reporting period (January - June 1991) are presented - be-low (Note:

PNPS was operating at normal power level from January - June 1991 with the exception of a refueling outage during May and June).

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1.

Pelagic fish mean catch from January - June 1991 at the gill net sta-tion (74 fishes / set) was similar to 1990 when 72 fishes / set were taken.

Pollock.(58%), cunner (8%), tautog (77.), smooth dogfish (6%)

and Atlantic herring (4%) made up (831) of the total catch.

Striped bass were sampled in much lower numbers than during 1990 due to a lack of thermal effluent in Mtj and June 1991.

2.

Shrimp trawl catch from January - June 1991 recorded twelve benthic fish species with Atlantic herring ( 687. ), winter flounder (14%),

little state (7%) and Atlantic cod (5%) composing 94% of the total.

Mean catch-per-unit-ef fort (CPUE) for all species was highest at the Priscilla Beach Station (23.4) and 7,7 for all stations - pooled in 1991 (40% higher than in 1990).

CPUE from January - June 1991 for commarcially important winter flounder was highest at the Priscilla Beach Station.

The mean smallest winter flounder recorded were also.

sampled off Priscilla Beach.

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Adult lobster mean monthly catch rate per pot haul in May - June 1991 was 0.30 lobsters (0.26 in 1990).

This reflected a general constancy In CNr in the whole Cape Cod Bay commercial lobster fishery.

The su veillance area (thermal plume) catch rate was 0.34 while the i

reference area (control) was 0.36.

1 4.

In )!ay - June 1991 fish observational dive surveys five species were observed in.the discharge area.

Cunner (65%). ere the most numerous w

species seen, with pollock second (22%) and tcutog third (10%) in obe~ /ational aubundance.

No fish showed abnormal behavior and no gas bubble disease symptoms were observed on routine observational dives.

Most fish were in-greatest concentrations in the path of the PNPS discharge, being observed most often in the denuded zone (63%).

Blue mussel proliferation and algal growth in the denuded zone were-dense during the PNPS outage of May and June 1991.

5.

Atlantic herring accounted for 93% of the June 1991 haul seine (shore zone) fish catch, and sand lance spp. 6%, with a total cf ten species collecteo.

Diversity was greatest at the Long Point Station.

CPUE was highest in the PNPS intake embayment where Atlantic herring were dominaht.

6.

The late-May thiough June-1991 shorefront sportfish survey at Pilgrim Station recorded 402 angler-trips on selec ted days.

A PNPS outage, which resulted in no thermal discharge -to attract sportfish species in May and June, reflected modest catches of striped bass and bluefish compared with the previous, high operational years.

1-2

7.

The research lobster study commenced in June 1991 and recorded 0.29 adult lobsters (0,21 in 1990) per pot as a catch rate in 650 pot-hauls.

The catch rate for all lobsters wcs similar at Rocky Point and Priscilla Beach reference areas but noticeably lower at the PNPS discharge.

8.

Cunner tagging study feasibility concentrated on assessing tagging technique, retention, visibility and fish survival for the planned 1992 project.

ImpJngment_lbaltorj ng:

1.

The mean January - June 1991 impingement collection rate was 1.31 fish /hr.

The rate ranged from 0.33 fish /hr (May) to 8.19 fish /hr (June) with Atlantic silverside comprising 36.6% of the catch, followed by Atlantic herring 33.6%, grubby S.2%, and winter flounder 4.1%.

2.

For the period March-April 1991, when the fish impingement rate was 1.91, Atlantic silverside accounted for

~64%

of the fishes collected.

Fish impingement rate was notably higher in 1989, 1990 and 1991 than in 1988 (0.30) because Pilgrim Station had less circulating water pump capacity than normal that year.

3.

The mean January - June 1991 invertebrate collection rate was 0.86+/hr with sevenspine bay shrimp accounting for 37.2% and common starfish 23.4% of the enumerated catch.

Twenty-one American lobsters were caught.

1 I-3

4.

Initial impinged fish survival at the end of the Pilgrim Station in-take - sluiceway was approximately 23% for static washes and 77% for continuous washes.

DeathldloDitDting; 1.

Three ' new species of invertebrate f auna were added to the list of sampled biota since 1990 as a result of analysts of the April 1991 samples, making the total number 102 species in the PNPS area the last two years.

2.

Species richness between the PNPS discharge and the Manomet Point /

Rocky Point stations was n.c notably different in April 1991 or 1990.

3.

Greatest faunal densities in April 1991 occurred at Effluent.

Faunal densities were exceptionally high at the Effluent because of a dense 2

mussel population (380,000/m ).

Approxin'a tely a

300%

greater difference in density was -found for the Effluent when compared to Hanomet Point and Rocky Point.

Changes in rank were not found among stations'for density without blue mussels (Hyd h i edull3).

4, There was a consistency between pairs of stations for dominance patterns, with only 7 of the 15 dominant species at each station not being shared.

Amphipods were the majority of the dominant taxa, and 1

blue mussels ranked first representing a minimum of 61% of the. total fauna at each station.

Species diversity was lowest at the Effluent Station and highest at Rocky Point.

1-4

5.

No additional algal species were encountered in the study area during April.1991.

Algal _ community overlap was high (~85%) among all three station pairs,-showing-Ilke species present at all stations.

6.

Total algal biomass was lower at the Effluent than at the Manomet Point and Rocky Point stations.

Hean Chondtv3 biomass was also lower at the Effluent station than the other stations, and Ehyljpp]tatA spp.

biomass was highest at Rocky Point and lowest at Manomet Point station.

7.

April and June 1991 mappings of the near-shore acute impact zones were performed.

Negligible Citondini growth in the denuded zone was evident for both April and June indicating continuing impact since-the 1986 - 1983 PNPS outage.

The warm-water alga, Gticjlatja

_tltvahiae, was present in the discharge area because of increased operation of PNPS since January 1990.

E.itrainmen.tJ1onjlor_10g :

1.

A total of 28 species of fish eggs and/or larvae were found _ in the January - June 1991 entrainme c collections.

2.

Egg collections for January - April 1991 (winter-early spring spawning) we_re dominated by Atlantic cod, American plalce and winter flounder.

Hay and June (late. spring - summer spawning) egg samples were most represantative_of-Atlantic mackerel and labrids.

I-5

3.

Larval collections for ' January - April 1991 were dminated by rock _

. gunnel - grubby and sand lance.

For May and June larvae, winter-flounder, cunner, Atlantic mackerel and radiated shanny dominated.

4.

No lobster larvae'.were collected in the entrainment samples-for January - June 1991.

5.

In no cases _ were unusually high densities of' ichthyoplankton found, requiring contingency sampling to be initiated, 1

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A.

Swpe and_QbdRUv3 This is the thir ty-eighth semi-annual report on the status and results of the Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring Program related to the operction of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS).

The monitoring programs discussed in this report relate specifically to the Western Cape Cod Bay ecosystem with particular emphasis on the Rocky Point area.

This is the twenty-sixth semi-annual report in accordance with the environmental monitoring and reporting requirements of the PNPS Unit 1 NPDES Permit from the U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency (#MA0003SS7) and Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control

(#359).

A multi-year (1969-1977) report incorporating marine fisheries, benthic, plankton /entrainment and impingement studies wa* submitted to the NRC in July 1978 as required by the PNPS Appendix B, Tech. Specs.

Programs in these areas have been continued under the PNPS NPDES per mit.

Amendment

1. 67 (1983) to the PNPS Tech. Specs. deleted Appendix B non-radiological water quality requirements as the NRC felt they are covered in the NPDES Permit.

The objectives of the Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring Program are to determine whether the operation of PHPS results in measurable ef-f ects on the marine ecology and to evaluate the significance of any ob-served effects.

If an effect of significance is detected, Boston Edison Company has committed to tata steps to corrett or mitigate any adverse situation.

11-1

These studies arc guided by the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee (PATC) which was chaired by a member of the Hass. Division of Water Pollu--

- t ion Control in 1991 and whose membership includes representatives from the University.of Massachusetts, the Mass. Divi', ion of Hater Pollution Control, the Hass. Division of Hartne Fisheries, the National Marine fisheries Service (NOAA), the Mass. Office of Coastal Zone Management, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and Boston Edison Company.

Copies of the Minutes of the Pilgrim Station Administrative-Technical Committee meetinos held during this reporting period are included in Section IV.

B.

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116rine_F_hheries Monitoring A modified version of the marine fisherles monitoring, initiated in 1981,- is being conducted by the Commowealth of -Hassachusetts, Division of Harine Fisherles (DHF),

The occurrence and distribution of fish around Pilgrim Station and at sites outside the area of temperature increase are being monitored.

Pelagic species were sampled using gill net (1 station) collections (Figure 1) made at monthly intervals, In 1981, shrimp trawling and haul setning were initiated which provide more PHPS impact-related sampling of benthic fish and shore zone fish, respectively.

Shrimp trawling was-done-once/ month (January --March) and twice/ month (April

- December) at 4 stations (Figure 2) and haul setning b1 weekly during-Junc - November at 4 stations (figure 1).

11-2

Honitoring is conducted 'of. local lobster stock catch statistics - for.

arear - in' the _ proximity - of Pilgrim Station (figure ' 4).

Catch statis-

-tics :are :. collected approximately btweetly throughout the. fishing season-(May-November).

A finfish observational dive program was initiated in June 1978.

SCUBA gear is utilized on biweekly dives from May-October (weekly l

mid-August to mid-September) at 6 stations (figure 2) in the PNPS thermal plume area.

5 In 1986, an experimental, lobster pot trawl monitoring effort was initiated to eliminate any biases associated with the collection of lobster stock catch statistics for determining-PNPS effects.

Ten 5-pct lobster trawls were fished in the thermal plume and control areas around PNPS during (figu-3).

Results of the marine fisheries monitoring during the reporting period are presented in Section IIIA.

2.

ButtiLLcJialtnrdng The - benthic monitioring described in this report was conducted by i

Science Applications International Corp., Hoods Hole, MA.

l 11-3

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-The benthic flora and fauna eere-sampled at three locations at depths of 10 feet OiLH) (figure-1).

Quantitative (rock substratum) samples t

were collected,.and the dominant flora and f auna in each plot were recorded.

Sempling was conducted two times per year (March and September) to -determine biotic changes, if any.

Transect sampling off the discharge canal to determine the extent of the denuded and stunted zones is conducted four times a year (March, June, September and December).

Results of the benthic surveys reported during this period are discussed in Section IIIB.

3.

N3nLtoILtionitoring Marine Research, Inc. (MRI) of falmouth, Massachusetts, has been monitoring entralnment in Pilgrim Station cooling water of fish eggs and larvce, and lobster larvae (from 1973-1975 phytoplankton and zooplankton were also studied).

Figure 5 shows the-entrainment contingency sampling station locations.

Information generated through these studies has been utilized to make periodic

. modifications in the sampling program to more efficiently address the question of the effect of entrainment.

These modifications'have beer developed by the contractor, and reviewed and approved by the Pilgrim A-T Committee on the basis of the program results.

Plankton monitoring.in 1991 emphasized consideration of ichthyoplankton entrainment.

Results of the i chthyoplankton entrainment monitoring for this reporting period are discusscd in Section IIIC.

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4.

Impirigemet1LMoldlorleig lhe Pilgrim.I impingement monitoring and survival program speriates, quantifies and determines viability of the organisms carried onto the four intate traveling screens.

Since January 1979, Marine Research, Inc. has been conducting impingement sampling with results being reported on by Boston Edison Company.

A new screen wash sluiceway system was installed at Pilgrim in 1979 at a total cost of approximately $150,000.

This new slutceway system was required by tf e U.S.

Environmental Protection Agency end the Mass. Division of Water Pollution Control as a part of NPDES permit

1. MA0003557.

Special fish survival studies conducted from 1980-1983 to determine its effectiveness in protecting marine life were termin-ated in 1984, and a final report on them appears in Hartne Ecology Semi-Annual Report #23.

Results of impingen,ent monitoring and survival program ter this re-porting period are discussert in Section IIID.

b C.

f.1sitSur_vtilliLncLitudits March

. November, weekly fish spotting overflights were conducted as part of a continuing effort to monitor the times when large-concentrations of fish might be expected in the Pilgrim vicinity.

An annual summary r9 port for this ef fort for 1991 will be presented in Semi-Annual Report No. 39.

II-5

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D.

Sia11eriSpitatiptL!111t031 The daily average, reactor thermal power levels from January through June 1991 are shown in figure 6.

As can. be seen, PNPS was in a normal-operating stage during most of this reporting period, with the exception of May and June when a refueling outage was ongoing.

E-

]99.LLritireJ1mtatallt99ramt A planning schedule bar chart for 1991 environmental moiiltoring programs related to the operation of Pilgrim Station, - showing task activities and milestones from December 1990 - June 1992, is included as figure 7.

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a_._ . a.}n: "."'r n. -- 0 0 510152025 510152025 510152025 510152025 510152025 510152023 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNL JANUARY JUNE 1991 Figure 6. Daily Average Reactor Thermal Power Level (Mwt And %) from January-June 1991 for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. I t I l i

i 1 SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT ON MONITORING TO ASSESS IMPACT OF PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION ON MARINE FISHERIES RESOURCES OF WESTERN CAPE COD BAY Project Report No. 51 (January through June,1991) By Robert P. Lawton, Brian C.

Kelly, Vincent J. Malkoski and Mando R.

Borgatti October 1, 1991 Massachusetts Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Environmental Law Enforcement Division of Marine Fisheries 100 Cambridge Street Boston, Massachusetts 02232

I ) j TABLE OF CONTENTS Section pnge I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 5 III. Results and Discussion 5

1. Commercial Lobster Pot-Catch Fishery 5

2. Controlled Research Lobster Fishinig 7 3. Nearshore Benthic Finfish 9 4. Pelagic and Benthi-Pelagic Fish 13 5. Shorezone Fishes 15

6. Underwater Finfish Ooservations 17 7

Sportfishing 19 8. Cunner Capture-Tagging Program 22 IV. Acknowledguants 24 V. Literature Cited 25 ii

..~ -.-. -. LIST OF TABLES TAD _19 Pace 1. Expanded trawl catch' an'd percent compositi;;i of 11 finfish captured by nearshore trawling in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, January through June, 1991. i 2. Expanded trawl catch' data (total length and 12 catch per unit ef fort).for dominant demersal community finfish occurring in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, January through June, 1991. 3. Numerical rank and percent of total catch for 15 fish species captured by gill not (7 panels of 3.8-15.2 cm mesh)- in the marine waters off the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, January through June-1991. 4. Haul-seine catch of shore-zone fishes in number 16 of fish, species composition (% number), and L catch per standard seine haul at sampling stations in the environs of Pilgrim Nuclear Power' Station during June 1991. e a lii

. - +. ~ ..-. ~. ~ - 1 -LIST OF FIGURES Ficure Pace 1. Number of lobster pots sampled por quadrat 6 for commercial lobster study in the Pilgrim area, May to June 1992. 2. Location of-experimental lobster gear 8 (5-pot trawls) for Marine Fisheries Studies. 3. Catch rates of total, sublegal, and legal lobater in research lobster traps fished in the area around Pilgrim Station, Jur.e 1991. 4. Location of Shrimp Trawl and Dive Sampling 10 Stations for Marine Fisheries Studies. 5. Location of Beach Seine and Gill Net 14 Sampling Stations for Marine Fisheries Studies, and Benthic Studies Sampling Stations, 6. Finfish abundance as observed by divers IL in the area around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal, May and June, 1991. -7. Finfish distribution as noted by divers in-19 the area around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal, May and June, 1991. 8. Creel data form used at Pilgrim Shorefront 20 2 to record sportfishing information. L iv

l I. EXECUTIVE JUMMARY Commercial Lobster Pot-Catch Fifthery From May to June (spring) of 1991, data were obtained from the trap catch of one commercial lobsterman who fist.as in the vicinity of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. Sample size included a total of 546 pots hauled and 1,745 American lobster (llomums amencanus) captr. red, f of the total catch, 14% of the lobstat were legal in size 2

82. 5 5 Inm).

Legal catch rate for the overall inshcre area averag ad ) 0.30 legals por pot-haul, a slight increase from last year, qqntrolled Research Lobster Fishina Thirteen sompling trips were completed in June, with data procured from 650 trap-hauls, of the 2,145 lobster sampled in the study area, 9% were legal in size (282.55 mm CL). Mean legal catch rates ranged from 0.28 te 0.31 lobster per trap-haul at the three study locations. Nearnhore Benthic Finfigh A. bottom trawl survey of groundfish in the Pilgrim area was 1 conducted January to June 1991. A total of 444 finfish. representing 12 species was collected in 58 trawl toss, overall catch per unit effcrt (CPUE) for all stations and species pooled - was 7.7 fish / tow, as compared to last year's mean o.' 5.5. Catch rates were strongly inf sienced by the catch of nearly 300 Atlantic herring (Clupca harenpes harcr ,during a single tow. Excluding this tow, e catch <ss were depressec', continuing a downward trend. Numerically dominant species in the catch were 7tlantic horring, winter flounder (Pleuronectesamericanus), little skate (Rajactinacca), Atlantic cod (Gadus 1 t -, n, N. m. os,.-~ .w,a e,,w,v,-,,s,w.r->e.~,,-.,ev,,,,-,,,,,,,,,m-,m,,,ms _.--s-e,,,,.n,,,,, ,,,,,-.emw.-,-w.,-~-mmn,,.ag..., w w n er -em-,-,c,, y

b i morhua), and windowpane (Scophthalmus.npmsus). CPUE of winter flounder was highest off Priscilla Beach, while little sk-te catch rate was highest in the Intake. Windowpanc were most abundant at Priscilla Bouch. Eplanic and Benthi-colaalc Fishes Gill-not sampling was conducted monthly in the environs of Pilgrim Station during the first half of 1991. The dominant j species captured in order of abundance were pollock (rollathius ricci l cunner (Tautogotabms adspersus), tautog (Tautoga onitis), smooth dogfish (Mu>tc as canis), and Atlantic herring. The overall half year catch per unit of effort for all speciec pooled was similar to last year's value but is substantially down from the level of the years 1987-1989. Of note, the numbers of striped bass (Mo.w,ca.atilis) were lower probably j due to the plant being in an outage since May, while thu local cunner population showed some signs of increasing abundance. Shoregone Fishes Sampling of the shtre zone for fish using 45.7 m haul seines began in June. Ten finfish species were seined, with Atlantic herring and sand lance (Ammodytes spp.) comprising 99% of the catch I that month. The majority of the sea herring were taken during a single hcsul in the Intake. Sand lance were taken predom'.iantly l (80% of species total) from Warren Cove. Diversity, (the number of species sampled at a location) was highest at Long Point where eight' species were captured. Catch per unit of ef fort was highest in the Intake and lowest at Warren Cove. 2 .yw,4,--wm,,--w-- ,+----..r --m -,, -.., --,w-- --+.,,,.,-w,,w,--.,%,, ,-.,,,-,,-,ng_.%es-w c. y-,.yc -y g ym. myr-e-r ves w w we a -,-m...

I UndcIwltfcr FinLinh ohncmthuln Biweekly observational dives were performed in May and June 1990 at six stations in and around the P11 grin Station diccharge canal. Five species of finfish were nighted, with cunner, pollock, and tautog comprising 97% of the total observed. Distributionally, 63% of all fish were observed in the " denuded" zone, 2 6 't in the " stunted", and lit in the " control" area. No striped bass or bluefish (A>matomus saharrio were observed by project divers. Suprtfishing Sportfishing at Pilgrim Shorefront was monitored in late May and during June. In May, fishing activity at the Shorefront was minimal. In June, angling effort increased. The monthly catch rate in June was 0.3 fish per angling-trip. Bluefish (58%), cunner (3S%), striped bass (5%), and pollock (2%) comprised the total catch of 121 fish. The landings of bluefish were Luch greater than from 1986 to 1988 when Pilgrim Station was in an extended ou' ge and in 1989 when the plant gr adually returned to f ull opera' ir:,a1 status. Cunnef Capture-Taggipct Progrna A feasibility study was continued this spring on tagging and subsequently observing marked cunner with the intent of a full scale ef fort in 1992. As part of our observational diving program, this work should generate information an the mobility and dispersion of cunner as related to the influence of the thermal discharge. We utilized the Floy plastic anchor tag to mark fich. We have investigated wayc to catch cunner in good condition with 3

1 i l t t baited col pots and have standardized our tagging technique. Aa for tag rotontion and fish survival, we have recaptured cunner i I tagged up to nine months prior at Pilgrim Station. The tag's 1 visibility underwater has boon confirmed by divers near the power plant's outor breakwater. The anchor tag appears suitable for our tagging operations. P P l I I e l I t I l l-4 I A v----+ -.-.--c.,,.r,..y-,,,,my.-=-..-...-,we.v--e-,vy,my,,,,-,_,..c,,., ---we.. .w,....y.-,_m, .,vv.,,--cw,,,---.-..r,..w., ..v ,-,,v-,,rr+

II. INTRODtfCTION Monitoring of the marine environment in the vicinity of the Pilgrim Nuc1 car Power Station is conducted to assess environmental ef fects of plant operation. Ecological investigations condacted by the power plant team of the Massachusetts Division of Marino Fisheries (DMP) address the lobster and fish populations in the off-site vators of western Cape Cod Bay. DMT is funded by 130ston Edison Company under Purchase Order No. 68004 in 1991. In this report, sampling data collected from reference and surveillance sites for January through June 1991 are summarized, t Measurements, counts, percentages, and indices of abundance are employed to detect trends or relationships in the data both spatially and temporally. The 1991 cperational status of Pilgrim Station, including its seawater circulating pumps, was as follows. The plant ran at 90% capacity through April with both pumps operating.

Ilowever, since early May, the plant has been in a planned refueling outage with one or both pumps not operating and only minimal waste heat released.

III. REStiLTS AND DIS (udSION 1. - COMMERCIAL LOBSTER POT-CATCH FISHERX Seasonal monitoring of the commercial lobster fishery around Pilgrim Station was continued in 1991. We began sampling the catch of our cooperating lobsterman in early May and continued through June with a total of 1,745 lobster (//omams encricanus) caught from 846 5 y-*,sr--v----=v -e y, -ww. ,-weriv-se,-.. wv y, w ww w w-wei- .,,r.. -,,-v.w--w,, -ye-e- =,vw-w+.v,--.w.=ve.. -e,w,w*%--m--w.--r .w-w ..,w.wwewww w,,

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i 4 pot .il s. Figuro 1 depicts the distribution of pots campled by designated quadrat. p The sampled catch included 253 legal (2 82.55 mm carapace longth - CL) lobstor, representing 14% of the total catch, for a mean natch rato in the study area of 0.30 legals por pot-haul over 2 the two months, a slight '.ncreaso from last year's rate of n.26. The mean legal catch rate for referenco quadrats (E-13 & 14, F-13) of 0.36 (35 legal lobster in 98 pot-hauls) is greator than i the rate for 1990 of 0.21. The spring 1991 legal catch rate for the surveillanco quadrats (H-11 & 12, I-11 & 12) was 0.34, which also was larger than last spring's rato of 0.27. ? 2. COf1 TROLLED RESEARCil LOBSTER FISiiING In June 1991 we began the sixth year of the research lobster trap study in the environs of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (Figuro 2). Thirteen sampling days were completed in which 2,145 lobster were caught in 650 trap-liauls. The incidence of null pots (pots with zero lobster) was 7%. The lobster sampled were predominantly (91%) sublegal (< 82.55 mm CL) in size. A total of 191 legal-sized (282. 55 mm CL) lobster was captured. The catch ratio of sublegal to legal lobster was 10.211. The mean catch rate for all lobster sampled was 3.3 lobster por trap-haul for the study area. Overall catch rates for legal and sublegal lobster wqre 0.29 and 3.01 lobster per trap-haul, respectively. A graphic ' comparison of June's lobster catch rates at the three sampling locations (Figure 3) suggests that the dischargo site was lower than the other two sampling areas (Rocky Point and 7

CAPE COD BA Y i 1 l Ak l 0 it? 1 N m zL-u =.t=s SCALE IN MILES PL YMOUTH BA Y Rocky F ,E D Point g\\ C .. -.M.y/ .~ H B 4,,\\ A t.N,j W8"'" C#"' PILGRIM i k.,- SITE [ (, g g}' Pricilla Beach s t. f f)\\ g,,],ach LEGEND N .l, +' g D POWER PLANT 5 - h Manomet LOBSTER TRAWL STATIONS b /.' (M Point (A J) ~, * .g 'h i l .il staae l l Point figure 2. Location of experimental lobster gear (5 pot trawls) for Marine Fisheries Studies. 8

Priscilla Beach) in both caien nates JuneIWW1 sublegal and legal catch rates. ,,,,,,,,g,, With only one month's data, it as I so ---m _. ww is presumptuous to assign p 'g no- -- WG i N., i significance to the lower catch y j3[ .j _ gg I i M i HE rates obtained at the discharge $I m.yN es ~ o.m ,,,,7;,, ,g, ',k,US l site at this time, ea-as eu.c, e i c;m.o.,,. um en.em....,n Figure 3. catch intes of ictat, suoiegel, are 3. L3EAREllREE_.WLIIIIC PIlirI.31] tesat lobster in r esean n t ot> ter traps fished in the area arpurd tiearshora bottom trawling for 1991 commenced in mid-January and continued through June. Station locations (rigure 4) included Warren Cove, off Priscilla Beach, in the area of Pilgrim Station's Dischargo, and in the intake embayment at the power plant. Sampling was conducted monthly during January through March, thence biweekly through June. Catches for town greater than or equal to 10 minutes, but less than the standard 15 minute duration, were multiplied by an expansion factor (15 minutes / actual tow minutes) to standardize sampling effort. Any tow of less than 10 minutes was rejected a priori. A total of 444 fJnfish (expanded catch) comprising 12 species was collected during 58 tows in the study area (Table 1). Thirteen species totaling 344 finfish were collected in 62 town for the same period in 1990. Five species: Atlantic herring (Clupca harcnpa harenpa), winter flounder (Picuronectcs americanus), little skate (Raja rnnacca), Atlantic cod (Gadus murhaa), and vindowpane (Scophthalmus aquonn) comprised 9

- =... _ f L C T 4 Gsort,eq h I e CAPE . cyo.

CA Y i

e L-o ut N SCALE IN "lL ES y,,, - pgruouTHSAY ?L vuoVTH MAN 00n Rots y m T1 Poeaf ,,e. , N :-.;y.a,.. p f.q'. pN PILORIM [' /- ,,...e / 0 Msrea Co / j. O, 'k, eq, ,3 ,,. . '., 94TE . e-2 3 c

m.,_.

-)\\'.. f}

• +,,\\-

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• • 8""'

6. POWER PLANT f "M4 w wt SHRIMP TRAWL STATIONG'{T) by ' N#' oes psyg gTATIONS(0) ,.. ( ese - u,. i g,-,' f e ,,}y. g; _. t - ~-, : s

y)

"p \\ K'\\,, .y/ 3 fe' g\\ figure 4. Location of Shrimp Trawl and Dive Sampling Stations for Marine Fisheries Studies. 1 10 __,___..l.._E._.-_...._...,_. . - ~ -. . ~.

l I } 1mble 1. EmpaMed traal catch' ard percent cct%osition of finfish captured by neershore tra. Ling in the vicinity of Pilgrim station, January l thrcugh June, 1991. $pecies Warren Pilgrim Priscilla Pilgrim ictal Perc ent Cove Discharge Beach t rit e t s' of Catch Atlantic herring 0 2 297 1 300 67.6 Winter ficuocr 0 14 34 14.2 62.2 14.0 Little $Lete 0 10 6 16.5 32.5 7.3 Attentic cod 0 8 4 8 i'0 4.5 Winckwpane 0 7 7 3 17 3.8 other ssp.' 0 3 3 6.1 12.1 2.7 l Total catch 0 44 351 48.8 443.8 kJtwr of tows 16 13 15 14 58 Catch swr tow 0 3.4 23.4 3.5 7.7 Percent catch 0 9.9 79.1 11.0 hatwr of species 0 8 7 8 12 ' Catch rates were expanded for tows less than the st voerd 15 mirute duratien. ' Represent crmtined totals f rom 7 species of low catch. 97% of the total catch through the first half of 1991. CPUE (mean catch per standard 15 minute tow) for all stations and species pooled was 7.7 fish per tow, as compared to Ic st year's mean of 5.5. Calculated by station, CPUE for all species pooled ranged from 23.4 off Priscilla Dcach to 0.0 fish per tow in Warren Cove (Table 1). For the same sampling period in 1990, CPUE was greatest in the intake (7.2) and lowest off the Discharge (4.7). It should be noted, however, that the higher fish per tow values calculated for the total area and Priscilla Beach in 1991 were skewed by the capture of nearly 300 juvenile Atlantic herring during a single tow of f Priscilla Beach in early June. Calculating CPUE for the entire area and Priscilla Beach excluding data from this tow yielded values of 2.5 and 3.6, respectively. Clearly the yield from this one tow greatly inflated overall catch rates even with a half-year value of 0.0 fish per tow in Warren Cove. As large numbers of juvenile sea herring (20,000+) were also captured by our haul seine this spring, local abundance is obviously up. 11

l However, this species has not been a common component of our trawl catches over the years. i Winter flounder ranked second in trawl catch at 14% of the total. Relative abundance was highest off Priscilla Beach at 2.3 fish per tow, while none were caught in Warren Cove (Table 2). An ovozall winter flounder abundance index (catch per tow) of 1.1 is down from last year's value of 2.2. Ranked third, little skate comprised 7.3% of the trawl catch. CPUE ranged from 1.2 fish per tow in the Intake to 0.0 in Warren i f able 2. Imparded trawl catch data (totril length ard catch per unit ef fort) for dominant demersal ccamanity finfish occurring in the victhity of Pilgrim Station, January through June,1991. Winter Little Station f lourder Wirdowpane skate WAttEW COVE heen catch / tow 0.0 0.0 0.0 Mean alte (ca) + $1:e range (cm) PILttiM DISCHARGE Mean catch / tow 1.1 '). 5 0.8 Mean sl e (cm) 28 25 34 Size range 12 39 16 37 24 48 PRISCILLA REACM Mean catch / tow 2.3 0.5 0.4 Mean slie (cm) 25 24 36 $1:e range 11 30 14 29 24 48 PILGRIM INTAKE heen catch / tow 1.0 0.2 1.2 heen slie (cm) 26 23 32 Site range 11 38 17 28 20 48 Cove (Table 2). The overall half-year little skate relative abundance index (0.6) declined from 1.1 in 1990. P. Atlantic cod ranked fourth in catch abundance at 4.5% of the total catch. As with cea

herring, this species is not - a traditional dominant in our trawl catches.

The cod caught in 1991 were small individuals (3-5 cm total length) caught in tows that 12

l ) contained fair amounta of macro-algae, i Ranked fifth in trawl catch at 3. 81., windowpane relative abundance ranged from 0.5 at Priscilla Dench and the Discharge to 0.0 in Warron Cove (Table 2). Relative abunda[ ice in the study area decreaced irom 1.2 for the first half of laut year to 0.3 in 1991. In general, catches continued the downward trends reported by Lawton et al (199:.) in 1990, a mirror image of that reported by the liational Marine Fisheries Service (11MFS) for the entire northeast coastal region (11EFC 1991). IIMrs scienticts attribute the declines to over-fishing. of particular note was a half-year relative abundance value of 0.0 in Warren Cove, the first time since the inception of nearchore trawl campling that we have not caught any fich at a given station. 4. EfdJflC A11D BMill-EEIAc1C r1E11 Gill-net catches totaled 441 fish, comprising 17 upecica in 6 overnight sets (Table 3). Sampling was conducted monthly at one location in the immediate vicinity of the Pilgrim Station diccharge (Figure 5). Comprising 831t of the catch, the top five species were pollock (Pollachius virend a cunner (Tautogolabms ahpersus), tautog (Tautoga omtis), smooth dogf ich (Aluit<!us canis), and Atlantic herring. Pollock, cunner, and Atlantic herring have been among the domina.its in gill-net catches over the years at Pilgrim Station. The mean catch per standard gill-net (7 panclu) not (catch per unit effort) for all species pooled was 74 fish. This catch rate 72) but in is remarkably similar to that in 1990 (CPUE = 13

Gurnet Pt. CAPf COC BAY SS f 0 12 i N ma w SC ALL IN MILis n ruovin eas tone soa.r ettvourn c, nanoon /f oi e y 8 Pa arut G7 n Q/ ('. A S7 S3 I film svern con ~ ~. g.g j _, Q, , p ;. ,} t.,. _ / qi .r

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,.p POWE R PLANT d BE ACH SEINE STATIONS ($) D \\..?# us.g-m s O \\ d P.ENTHtC STATIONS (G) \\tT

• • • GILL NET (N)

\\ 4> yl -l,l un ki a r..., s. ll l // l ', 0,p ' / Figure 5. Location of Beach Seine and Gill Net Sampling Stations for Marine fisheries Studies, and Benthic Studies Sampling Stations. 14

substantially down from the first half of 1989 (117), 1988 (315), and 1987 (356). lable 3. hwerical rank ard percent of total catch for fish stecles captured by gitt i net (7 penets of 3.815.2 cm nesh) 19 the marine maters of f the Pilgelm 1 Nuclear Power $tation, Jarwary through June 1991. Percent of Percent of f $pecies Total Catch $recies Total catch l 1. Pollock $8.0 9 Atlantic cod 1.4 2. Cunner 8.2 10. Winter flourder 1.1 3. lautog 6.8 11 tlvefIsh 0.9 4 Smooth clogilsh 5.9 12. Alewife 0.7 5. Atlantic herring 3.9 $borthorn sculpin 0.7 6. $cw 3.6 13. ted habe 0.5 r-strified bass 3.6 sea raven 0.5 7. hortnern searobin 2.5 14. Longhorn sculpin. 0.2 8. Little skete 1.6 i Pollock comprised 58% of the catch and most of ten has been the dominant fish caught by gill not in the Pilgrim area. Cunner (8%) increased in tho hierarchy of catch from fifth to second. The local stock of cunner had been showing signs of declining abundance until 1990 when there was evidence of a strong year class of young fish. Striped bass declined from 16% of the gill-not catch in 1990 to 3.6%, falling from second to sixth in the hierarchy of catch. The number cf bass found in the discharge at Pilgrim Station, as evidenced by gill-net catches, sportfish catches, and diving observations, during the first half of 1991 is markedly down concomitant with the plant being in an outage since late April, when bass seasonally arrive inshore in. Cape Cod Bay. 5. -FHOREZONE FUi1[EQ Thirteen sets of the 45.7 m haul -seines were_ mado during 2 sampling days _in June. Four stations (Figure 5)_ were sampled 15

---

._ - - ~... _ -.-.._._

during i 3 hours of low tide, over 24,000 fish comprising 10 species were sampled (Table 3). The average catch per unit of effort was 1,882.1 fish per seine haul. For the same time period last year, we collected 8 species (5 species in common), but overall average catch rate was magnitudes Inwor at 16.0 fish por set. The high 1991 value is no doubt strongly influenced by the capture of over 20,000 Atlantic herring during one set in the Intake in June. Surface water temperature and salinity at time of sampling this June ranged from 16' to 18' C and 31b to 32h, respectively. Table 3. Haut seine catch of shore sone fishes in ruter of fish, species corTesition (% ruhr), ard catch per standard seine bout at sanpting stat toris in the envirens of Pilgrim zuclear Power Station during June 1991, Warren Pltgrim' Mancme t Long fotal Percent of species Cove intake Point Point Catch tota' Catch Attentic herring 0 22,842 0 1 22,843 93.4 sard lance (ssp.) 1,194 2 75 0 2 1471 6.0 Atlantic silverside 0 5 1 75 81 0.3 Atlantic tomcod 0 0 0 26 26 0.1 Blueback herring 21 0 0 0 21 0.1 horthern pipefish 0 0 0 10 iS Three spine stickteback 0 1 0 8 9 Winter flounder 0 0 0 4 4 Rock gunnet 0 3 0 2 2 Four spine stickleback i 0 0 0 1 Total fish 1,216 23,123 1 128 24,468 I kJ+er of sets 4 3 2 4 13 Catch per set 304.0 7,707.6 0.5 32.0 1,8S2,1 Percent catch 5.0 94.5 0.5 hater of species 3 4 1 8 10

• Represents less than it of the total catch

' 45.7 m long a 3.0 m deep seine; other sites sanpled by 45.7 m a 1.8 m seine Atlantic herring ranked first in seine catch (93.4% of the total), but as noted for nearshore trawling, this species is not normally a prominent member of-the dominance hierarchy. The capture of this species is sporadic, and catch rates can be greatly affected by a single large haul. 16 ,-yw yy.r--, e c..,-o w - m v - y, g, r e v- ->m...p p.+.m r y, swu-y.7w,9., ,,%,,.,v-.m%,,m.7-.-m.,,,,.-,w r ,-.,.,e ,e. o,v, e--

Sand lance i.4mmalytcs spp.) ranked second and comprised 61, of the seine catch in June. This species accounted for 82% of June's seine catch it..1990. This ranking is actually a result of the extraordinary catch of sea herring. If the herring data are excluded, sand lance account for 90% of the fish seined in June, I 1991. Eighty percent of the sand lance catch this year was taken at the Warren Cove station. Comprising less than 1% of the total catch, the remaining 8 species were not captured in abundance. Overall catch 2.4tc for this group (pooled species and stations) was 11.9 fish por haul. Diversity, as measured by number of species present in a community, was highest at Long Point where eight species were captured (Table 3). Catch per unit of ef fort (pooled species), was highest in the Intake and lowest at Manomet Point. It should be noced, however, that those estimates of community species diversity and relative abundance are based on only one month's data and cannot be comprehensively analyzed. 6. UNDERWATER FINFISH OBSERVATIONS Biweekly observational SCUBA dives were made at six stations in and around the discharge canal in May and June, 1991 (Pigure 4). Five species of finfish (Figure 6) were recorded, as well as such invertebrate species as blue mussel (Mytilus cdulis), American lobster, starfish (Astcrias spp.), and rock and jonah crabs (Cancer irroratus and C. borcalis). Hacro-algal species sighted included help (Laminaria spp.) and itish noss (Chondms crispus). 3 17 _z.,._-

l l i' observations of the benthos F Finfish Abundance l All Stations revealed patches of blue mussels i extending from inside the or, r-34 discharge canal out to the large [4 tema er 3 f 44

h 05 osN boulder at Station D.

As has ig!!!!9 1 conner en eg3 riskj i occurred in the past, by late rum r., 1 pi e44 l June the mussel bed had I attracted large numbers of l starfish to the " denuded" zone. Figure 6. finfish abondance as observed by [ divers in the area arourd the F itgrim Station discharge canal, May ard l Several species of macro-algae sune, m i, l (especially help) flourished throughout the discharge area, vying i l with mussels for exposed rock surf aces. As in 1990, Irish moss was l observed growing inside the mouth of the discharge canal. l The total number of finfich observed (144) was less than ior i l l May and June of 1990 (346 fish), although far me.e cunner (93) were a i j sighted this spring than in 199n (17). Cunner were, in fact, the l l most commonly sighted species, present on three of the four dives. l ) Pollock ranked second in number observed, recorded primarily during i j one dive. Tautog was third, with 15 fish recorded which is lower l than 1990 sightings (39). No striped bass or bluefish were sighted, no ubt because the plant was in an outage during this ) i l period. i d Of the fish observed, 631 were found in the " denuded" zone l i (Figure 7), 26 % i1 the " stunted" and the remainder (111) in the t " control" zone. Cunner and tautog were found primarily in the t " denuded" (discharge) area, a common pattern of distribution when ij } 18 1 1 l!.

1 i a 1 at least one of the circulating Finfish Dietribution All Species seawater pumps is in operation, .. o6.i. wi.. l but no heat is being produced. j so l Past observations (Lawton et al. so 1990) have revealad a marked preference for this area by ..[ Ma l these species, perhaps partly si,*

• o. %...

c..,,.i ) due to the abundance of blue p,,,,do**eyzone mussels and structure provided rigure 7. r int ish dist ritist ion. noted ty diver 6 in the area arourri ths Filgrim $*[*";,7"*''"l*""d by the boulders in that area. observations of pollock have l always boon

sporadic,

'hile no pattern of distribution was I discernable for the other cpecios. l l 7. SPORT 52SHING Oreel data on the shore-based sportfishery at Pilgrim Station Shorefront were collected by seasonal Boston Edison company (DECO) l i public relations personnel stationed on the grounds. Anglerc are 1 l checked at an access point. A sample data interview form used in j this survey is fcund in Figure 8. Daily offort (number of angler-I trips) and catch by species are needed information with which to l l derive an index of the recreational fishery off Pilgrim Station. 1 his cooperative end tr.vor with BEco allows us to continue monitoring sportfiching off the Station. i

l The Shorefront was opened to the public in 1991 on the 1st of i

April. The area routinely remains open until thc end of November. 19 4 i . _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.. _ _. _... _ _. _. _ _ _ _ _,... _ _,.. _ _... _., _. _ ~, _ _. _ <, _...,... -.

Int erviewer's Shoot # Initials 1991 Recreational Fish Survey - PNPS shoraf rout Date Weather Wind Direction and Speed Number of Anglers for the Day Fishing Locations Hours the Shorefront was open and fishing allowed (e.g., 6 am - 5:30 pm) Species Total Number caught for Day riounder (Flatfish) striped Bass Bluefish Cod Pollock Tautog b Mackerel Cunner (Sea Perch) Other Comment s Figure 8. Creel data form used at Pilgrim Shorefront to record sportfishing information. 20 l l

1 During daylight hours, anglers have access to finn of f the outor breakwater, both discharge jettles, and the sandy beach and rip-rap at the head of the intako embayment. The croel survey began on Saturday, May 18th, and continued on wookonds through mid-June. The collection of daily information bogan on Wednesday, Juno 19th. As to plant operation during the first throo months of fishing this year, throughout April both circulating seawater pumps were operated mc..t of the timo, and the plant was discharging waste I heat; whereas, in May and June one or no circulating pumps woro run, with the discharge of minimal wasto heat into the rocoiving waters. No croel data were collected systematically from April through May 17. From our observations, fishing pressure appeared to be fairly light in April. During the last two wookends of May, 33-angler-trips were recorded at the Shorofront. Fishing techniques included casting artificial lures and bottom fishing with bait. Reportedly,.no fish were caught. In June, 18 days were sampled: 10 weekend days and 8 weekdays. A total of 369 angler-trips was recorded at the Shorefront during this month's sampling. The catch (121 fish) was l comprised _of four species of fish: two pelagics - bluefish (58%) and striped bass (5%) and two groundfish - cunner (35%) and pollock (2%). The catch rate averaged 0.3 fish per angler-trip or 7 fish _ per _ day. Cunner and pollock were caught off the outer intake -breakwater, while bass and bluefish were taken in the discharge. Some bluefish were also aaught in the Intake embayment. The catch 21 _ _. _. _ _ _ _ -.. _, _ - _ _ _ - - - _. _ _ ~. - _ _ - -

d r of bluefish was larger than for the years, 1986 to 1988, when the plant was also in an outage, but was 26% lower than in 1990 when i the plant was operating. t 8. CUNNER CAPTURE - TAGGIliG PROGRAM Wo. are tagging cunner in order to follow their movement patterns and distribution in relation to the vaste-heat discharge at Pilgrim Station and resultant zones of impact. We selected the Floy plastic t-bar anchor tag to mark individual fish. In general, i we-will rely on our SCUBA diving surveys to visually resight (" recapture") tagged fish. To captura cunner for tagging, baited eel pots are being used which also provide recapture information. This study should provide information on the mobility and dispersion of cunner as related to their susceptibility to impact of the discharge current. Cunner are abundant in Cape Cod

Bay, forming discreto localized populations which exhibit only ueasonal inshore /of fshore movements that are regulated by temperatu're. An a bottom-fish, they

- occupy small home ranges, inhabiting inshore temperate reefs, i.e., ledges and other rocky areas and other structures including piers, pilings, jetties, and shipwrecks. These serve as refuge areas. This makes the cunner an ideal candidate fcr monitoring environmental perturbation. Cunner are especially vulnerable af ter dark since low responsiveness, characteristic of the sleep state of labrid fishes, reduces their ability to avoid environmental stress. 4 22 4. -. -,,. -., ._.--,,,,...m.,,-....--

l l The sources of Pilgrim Station impact to cunner include l cr.trainment of their pelagic eggs and larvae in the circulating seawater system, and entrapment in the 'ntake stiucture and impingement on the travelling water screens of juveniles and adults. The circulating water discharge generates a current of water that is laden with waste heat and at t i r.ie s containing chlorine and radionuclides which can af fect cunner in the receiving waters. Cunner feed benthically and in the water column and show evidence of being attracted to the discharge current on flood tide to Iced on suspended food items carried in the effluent. During May of this year in an overnight gill-net set made at the existing gill-not station, we captured a cunner that was marked last August of f the outer intake breakwater during our preliminary tagging operations. This fish was at large nine months before being recaptured. In late May 1991, we began potting cunner for this year. The pots were baited with crushed mussels and irozen fish. Many cunner were caught off the outer breakwater at a control location. Some appeared to be ripening. We retained a sub-sample of cunner for aging. In June we captured 181 cunner at a control location, tagging 66 (212 cm total length) of the larger fish using a blue anchor tags. One of these fish wau a recapture, having been tagged by us last summer in about the same area. Tagging will continue throughout the summer and into the fall. 23

IV. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank staf f members John Chisholm and John Costa l for collecting field data and acknowledge the contributions of Hell Churchill, Paul Caruso and H. Arnold Carr, who assisted in diving operations. We thank Chris Kyranos for his assistance in lobster j sampling, and Raymond Dand and Robert Ellenberger for collecting sportfish data at the Pilgrim Shorefront. A word of thanks to Kim Trotto of the Division for word-processing sections of this report. Finally, we appreciate the guidance of Robert D. Anderson of Boston Edison Company, W. Leigh Bridges of the Division, and the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical-Committee. _ Their input on study programs and editorial comments on project reports have been most helpful. 24

VI. LITERATURE CITED

Lawton, R.P.,

D.C. Kelly, V. J. Malkoski, and M. Borgatti, and J. Battaglia. 1990. Annual report on monitoring to assess impact of the Pilgrim Huclear Power Station on marine fisheries resources of western Cape Cod Bay (Characterization of the Fisheries Resources). Project Report No. 48 (January to December, 1989). Summary Report No. 23 (Volume 2 of 2). In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to the Operation of Pilgrim Station, semi-annual Report No. 35. Boston Edison Company, Boston, MA, USA.

Lawton, R.P.,

B.C. Kelly, V. J. Malkoski, and M. Borgatti, J.F. Battaglia, and D. Pichotte.-1991. Annual report on monitoring to assess impact of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Static,n on marine fisheries resources cf western Cape Cod Bay (Characterization of the Fisherip.p Repn\\*ges). Project Report No. 50 (January to December, 1990). Summary Report No. 25 (Volume 1 of 2). lu: Marine Ecology Studig;s Related to the Operation of Pilgrim Station, se'.ni-annual-Report _ No. 37. Boston Edison Company, Boston, MA, USA. Northeast Fisheries Center. 1991. Status of the Fisheries Resources of the Northeastern United States for 1990. National Marine Fisheries Service, Woods Hole, MA. 130 pp. + r 25 ~._.~._a.,.

SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT Number 38 on BENTillC ALGAL AND FAUNAL MONfrORING AT TIIE PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION Janur.ry-June 1991 to IlOSTON EDISON COMPANY Regulatory Affairs Dcpanment Licensing Division 25 Braintree 11111 Omcc Park Draintree, Massachuseus 02184 From SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION 89 Water Street W(xxis llole, MA 02543 (508) 540-7882 I October 1991

TAllLE OF CONTENTS EXIICUTIVi!

SUMMARY

1 i 1.0 l NTR O D U Ul*l O N............................................. 4 2.0 M ETi l O D S........................................ 4 2.1 til ELD S A M PLI N G......................................... 4 2.2 LAllORATORY ANALYSIS 7 2.3 DATA ANALYSIS 9 3.0 R ES U LTS................................................. 12 3.1 QUALITATIVE TRANSECT SURVEY.................. 12 3.1.1 March 1991 Transect Survey............................ 13 13 3.1.2 June 1991 Transect Survey 3.2 QUANTITATIVE l'AUNAL MONITORING........................ 17 3.2.1 Systematics.............. 17 3.2.2 Species Rictmess....................... 17 3.2.3 17au nal Density..................................... 18 21 3.2.4 Species Dominance 3.2.5 Species Diversity................. 23 26 3.2.6 Community Analysis 3.3. QUANTITATIVE ALG AL MONITORING.................. 30 3.3.1 Systematics.............................. 30 3.3.2 AlgM Community Description........ 30 3.3.3 Algal Community Overlap.............................. 30 32 3.3.4 Algal tliomass dx DISCUSSION.. 34 5.0 LITERATURE CITED 35 APPENDIX A......... 37 i

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Location of llenthic Sampling Sites near Pilgrim Station................. 5 Figure 2. Suction Lill Device Us(xl by Divers to Collect llenthic Samples........... 6 Figure 3. Design of the Qualitative llenthic Transect Sampling Program at Pilgrim Statiou.. 8 j Figure 4. Stuntcx! and Denuded Omndrur Zones Observed in March 1991........... 14 Figure 5. Stunted and Denuded Omndrus Zones Observed in June 1991............ 15 Figure 6. Density of llenthic Fauna in April and September of 1990 and March of 1991.. 20 Figure 7. Iturlbert Rarefaction Curves for Total Fauna at the Efiluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky Point Stations, March 1991.............................. 25 Figure 8. Similarity Analysis 11ased on liray-Curtis and Group Average Sorting for M ar ch 199 1........................................... 27 Figure 9. Similarity Analysis liased on NESS and Group Average Sorting for March 1991................................................ 28 Figure 10. Similarity Analysis of the Combined Data for Spring and Fall,1990, and Spring 1991 Using NESS and Group Average Sorting................. 29 Figure 11. Algal Community Overlap (laccard's Coellicient of Community) and Mumixr of Species Shared lietwcen Replicate Pairs, March 1991. 31 LIST OF TA.llLES Table 1. Algal Indicator Species used for Quantitative Community Analysis.......... 10 Table 2. Faunal Species Richness at the Efiluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky Point Stations in A pril 1991............................................ 18 Table 3. Faunal Densities at the Ellluent, Manomct Point, and Rocky Point Stations in A p ril 199 1............................................ 19 Table 4. Rank Order of 15 Dominant Species Collect <x! in April 1991............. 22 Table 5. Community Parameters for the Ellluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky Point Stations in A pril 1991..................................... 24 Table 6. Dry Weight liiomass (g/m') for Chondrus crispur, Phyth>phora spp., ne Remaining liet.thic Species, Epiphytes, and Total Algal fliomass at the Effluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky Point Stations la March 1991......... 33 il

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

This report represents results of quantitative data collected in April 1991 at established stations in the sicinity of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Stat.cn (PNPS) and qualitative transect surveys conducted in the thermal effluent in April and June cf 1991, Rese investigations represent the most recent phase of the long-term efforts to monitor the effects of thumal effluents on the benthic communities adjacent to the PNPS. A variaty of analytical techniques were used to assess community structure. Specific data on algal biomass, dominant fa.ma, species divercity. and faunal densities were analyzed hiong with overall community relationships Field collections and lat. oratory techniques were identical with previous efforts. OUANTITATIVE.fillDIES Faunal Studies A total of 102 species of benthic invertebrates were found in the April 1991 samples. The majority of species consisted of polychaetes and molluscs (32 each) followed by crustaceans (27). The total number of species recorded at the Effluent (72), Manomet Point (62), and Rocky Point (78) stations were very similar to those recorded in the spring samples in 1990 (Eff: 70; MP: 71; RP: 79) except for a noticeable decline at the Manomet Point station. Total densities :ecorded at the thre 'tions were very high, due in large part to high counts of the blue mussel, Afytilus edulis. The Eft 1 i ' ttation was highest in total density (517,631 2 individuals per m3, whereas the Rocky Poim + a was lowest (158,804 individuals per m ). Densities of the two highest ranked species. Afyrilus edulis and the amphipod JassafalceN, were also highos; at the Effluent station. The ;5 highest ranked species at each station accounted for approximately 96 to 99% of the total density a; each station. The larger list of rare species '47 to 63) recorded at each station thus contributed little to total density. Afytilus edulis and Jassafalcata are the first and second ranked species at all three stations,whereas the third rank is occupied by the amphipod Corophium aculum at both reference stations and C. Insidiosum at the Effluent station. A total of 23 species compnse the - lists of 15 highest ranked species at all three stations. Among the dominance lists, amphipods are the dominant taxon in terms of species with ten different species among the top 21 listed. Species diversity indices are obscured by the high density of Afyrilus edulis. When the 1 -1

mussels are removed from the species list, the diversity patterns reflect the high values expected of communiGes having high numbers of species. For example, Shannon's H' ranged from 2.04 (Efiluent station),2.85 (htanomet Point), to 3.88 (Rocky Point). These values ara indicative of high diversities expected in healthy faunal communities of subtidal coastal environments. (' Community analysis by clustering or similarity techniques indicates that there is a clear difference between the Eftluent station and the reference stations. Replicates of the Effluent station form a separate cluster regardless of whether the Bray-Curtis or NESS similarity mea 3uus are used. Bray-Curtis produces some mixed clusters of samples taken at the reference stations, whereas each reference station is separate with NESS. The similailty patterns thus returned to the historically observed condition. Algal Studies No additions to 'he cumulative algal lists were made as a result of analysis of the hiarch 1991 samples. The rock and cobble substrata found at the Effluent, hianomet Point, and P.ocky Po:nt stations were heavily populated with red algae, especially Phyllophora spp, and Irish moss, Gondrus crispus. Epiphytic algal species were (Wrved at all stations, with Gondrus and Phyllophora serving as primary hosts. Algal community overlap measures the similarity in algal species composition between stations or replicates. In hiarch '991, the range of replicate percent overlap at the Effluent station (19.7%) was lower than at hianomet Point (25.0%) or Mocky Point (21.7%), indicating that individual sample. at the Effluent station were more similar to each other than replicates at the two reference stations. Community overlap between the three stations was high, indicating a high degree of homogeneity in species shared. Biomass of Chondrus crispus, epiphytic species, and total algae was highest at the hianomet Point station and lowest at the Eftluent station. Biomass of Phyllophora spp. and of benthic algal species other than Chondrus and Phyllophora was highest at the Rocky Point station and 'owest at hianomet Point. Analysis of varance (ANOVA) indicated no significant difference in b.omass values for Cnondrus, Phyllophora spp., or the remaining benthic species between the three stations. However, for epiph tic and total algal biomass there was a significant difference between stations. i Scheff6's method (Sokal & Rohlf,1981) showed that biomass of epiphytic and total algae at the Effluent station wa;.;ignificantly different from the mean biomass of both control stations combined and from the Momass at hianomet Point, but was not different from Rocky Point station biomass. 2

QLMI lTATIVE TRANSECT SURVEYS t The qualitative transect studies performed to evaluate the Chondrus crispus community in the effluent canal indicated that in hlarch 1991 the areas of the denuded and stunted Chondrus crispus zones were comparable to those seen in past spring seasons when the plant was in operation. Although the Chor.drus denuded area in h1 arch 1991 (1321 m?) was the largest denuded zone seen in ~ 2 any spring between 1983 and 1991, the total affected area (1546 m ) was similar to the total affected 2 2 areas secn from hiarch 1983 through hiarch 1986 (range 1260 m to 2029 m ). In June 1991, the i area of the denuded zone (1265 m ) had decreased slightly from that of h1 arch, a pattern that was also 2 seen in June 1985 when the plant was in full operation and in June 1986 just after the plant had shut down. By June 1991 the stunted zone had disappeared and Chondrus plants outside the denuded zone, although distributed sparsely, looked norma! The elimination of the stunted zone by June 1991 was apparently a short-term response to the refueling outage and cessation of thermal effluent that began in late April 1991 and continued until August 12, 1991. A sparse zone also appeared early in 1989 shortly after the plant became operational ibilowing a 2%-year hiatus; the stunted zone did not become reestablished until April 1990, a year later, 1 1 'I I I 3 ~

1.0 INTRODUCTION

This report represents a continuation of the long-term (18 yr) algal and faunal studies at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) that are intended to monitor the effects of the thermal effluent (under Boston Edison Company Purchase Order No. 68003 for 1991). The 1991 program is essentially the same as previous monitoring efforts conducted over the last 11 years. Quantitative benthic algal and faunal sampling is conducted during tha spring and summer at two reference sites at Rocky Point and hianomet Point, and at a site offshore of the effluent canal (Figure 1). Qualitative SCUBA surveys of algal emer at the effluent canal are conducted quarterly during March, June, September, and December. This Semi-Annual Report includes quantitetive data from samples that were col'ected in April 1991 and qualitative observations recorded in April and June 1991, 2.0 METilODS 2.1 FIELD SAMPLING The sampling sites are the same locations that have been sampled since the beginning of the current monitoring program, approximately 10 years ago, The stations are located by the following established procedur ;. Line-of-sight positions are established using highly visible structures lonted on the shore as reference points. The Rocky Point station is located by lining up the microwave relay towec with the PNPS red and white off-gas stack. The Efiluent station is identified along the center line between the two discharge jetties, located epproximately 120 m offshore. He Manomet Point station is fixed by lining up the two southernmost telephone poles on top of Manomet Point. Line-of-sight position combined with lead-line depth checks ensures station relocation to within a radius of 20 to 30 m of the original station position. All sampling is done by SCUBA-equipped biologists operating from a small boat. For the quantitative algal and faunal studies, five replicate samples delineated by a metal pipe frame quadrant 2 measuring 0.33 m on a side (0.1089 m ) are taken from the surface of rocks at each station. Upon arrival at a station, the divets descend to the bottom and locate suitable rocks for placement of the quadrat. Divers are able to assess algal and faunal cover and select rocks that are - considered typical for the station. All attached flora and fauna within the quadrat are scraped from the rock and drawn through an airlift device into a 0.5-mm mesh b g (Figure 2). Field labels with station, collection date, and replicate number are placed in sample bags before sample collection. The bag is tied and placed in a large catch bag; a new bag is then attached to the airlift. De divers then locate the next suitable rock l 4 1

l l I 7, 7:p.. 3 !gu0; lN! j Ihl}j$;icfl(e b N$4 i &hp?> !!@is$ fay / Duxbury i fi :. M$, G@ h l9 Gurnal Na8 cape Cod Bay $7e QQ} ' Pipnouth Day I YT gg Rocky Pt. f @ Ef t.si. @ uanomet Pt. Plymoutit ..{ (h - 4 4rern t 1 E I 2 s maufsCAt nas Es r NA }' Figure 1. Imcation of Benthic Sampling Sites near Pilgrim Station.

Suction Lift Tube And Catch Bag veiero edge And 7 ~ opening Of w ang '4 12 x t e* Nytex Mesh [ (0.5 mm Mesh)

f 1

Rubber Stopper = = PVC Couar Heavy Surgical Tubing Used in Conjunction With Mose Clamp Por stability During Sampling Scuba Connector Plow Of Airis Controiled By Tanic Valve only PVC Tube Threaded 4 Fitting 9 4 - 5' Low Pressure Handle Olve Hose s Lead Weight

• (Approx.10Lbs.) -

JL sample J Figure 2. Suction Lift Device Used by Divers to Collect Benthic Samples. 6

and repeat the sampling process. After the live replica *.es are colleeted at a station they are delivered to a biologist on the boat for processing. While the vessel is underway to de next station, the contents of each bag are transferred to a 1-gal plastic jar, labeled, and preserved with 10% buffered formalin. Approximately 100 g of Borax is added to each jar as a buffering agent to prevent softening of calcified shells. For the qualitative transect survey, SCUBA observations are made along the axis of the discharge canal. A line is extended across the mouth of the discharge jetty (Figure 3). A weighted transect line, marked at 10-m intervals, is then attached to the center of this line and deployed along the central axis of the canal to a distanee of 100 m offshore. A 30-m measuring line, marked at 1-m intervals, is extended perpendicular to the transect line by the divers and oriented to the transect line with a compass. A diver traverses this third line underwater and records changes in algal cover at 10-m intervals from the transect line through the denuded and stunted Ozondrus areas to where the algal cover becomes normal. According to procedures established by Taxon (1982) and followed in subsequent years, the distinction between " denuded" and " stunted" is based on Chondrus crispus. The denuded zone is defined as that area where C.ondrus occurs only as stunted plants restricted to the sides and crevices of rocks. In this area. Omndrus is found on the upper surfaces of rocks only where the microtopography of the rock surfaces creates small protected areas. In the stunted zone, Chondrus is found on the upper surfaces of the rock,. is noticeably inferior in height, density, and frond development. The normal zone is considered to begin at the point where these factors are typical for the depth and substratum in question. In addition to observing algal cover, the divers record any unusual occurrences or events in the area and note the location of any distinctive algal or faunal associations. 2.21 ABORATORY ANALYSIS In the laboratory, the algal and faunal fractions of the samples are separated by washing the animals off the algae onto a 0.5-mm-mesh screen. The animals are preserved in a solution of 70% ethanol. The algal fraction is preserved in a 10% formalin solution. The faunal samples are labeled and stored in 16mz glass or plastic jars until sorting. Algal samples are labeled and stored in 1-gal plastic jars until sorting. Each replicate sample is processed separately. The algal component of each sample is examined, using both dissection and compound microscopes, to identify all speies of macroalgae and 7

.. ~ Discharge. j Canal Barrier Not / J Q __ J R.s' MV =.. Etfluent une W W

• g>

se g Weight Marks at 10 - meter intervals .e., t OIV I I Diver 3 Diver 2 0 K ._g Un. m., (30 metera marned of f at 1 - meter intervals) Transect une Diver Safety Une

1. b ui 8"*f

,e l Anchor and une Figure 3. Design of the Qualitative Benthic Transect Sampling Program at Pilgrim Station. 8

_ _--_ _ _... _ m._ __. to determine the presence or absence of 38 indicator species. Important alga; references used to identify and conGrm names are Taylor (1957), Parke and Dixon (1976), and South (1976). The 1 indicator species were originally chosen in September 1978, and were carefully selected from a list of the several hundred algal species recorded from the PNPS study sites during the 1974-1978 period (Taxon,1982). The indicator species include members of each of the major algal families from a variety of habitats, including all of the dominant species within the study area, the majority of the macrophytic species, and the most common epiphytic species (Table 1). Therefore, the indicator species comprise the most substantial part of the algal comniunhy a measured by noth percent cover and biomass, although they constitute only a small fractica of the flora inhabiting the study area in terms of the number of species. Dry weight biomat,s of each sample is reported for four separate algal fractions: Chondrus crispu, Phyllophora spp., epiphytic species, and the remaining benthic species. Total algal biomass is also reported. Each fraction is weighed on a Mettict balance after i drying for 72 h in a drying oven set at 80'C. A 25% aliquot of the faunal fraction of each sample is processed, and the remaining 75% of the sample is archived. Prior to sorting, the 25% aliquot is stained with a saturated alcoholic solution of Rose Bengal for at least 4 h, but no longer than 48 h to avoid oserstaining. The samples are examined under a dissecting microscope and each organism or fragment thereof remaved. Invertebrates are sorted to major taxonomic groups, such as polychaetes, crustaceans, bivalves, gastropods, echinoderms, and other miscellaneous phyla. The blue mussel Mytilus edulis is I;ft with the residue and counted during the sorting process. Final identincation is to the lowest possible taxon (usually to species). During identification, the counts of each species are recorded. A new reference collection for the PNPS program has been developed from the April 1990 samples and will serve as a voucher collection for subsequent identifications. The samples are archived for a minimum of three years after collection. i 23 DATA ANALYSIS All faunal data are kept on specially designed project data sheets to facilitate computer entry. Data are keypunched into a spreadsheet, using Quattro Pro *, on a personal computer. Some basic data summaries and calculations can be made while the data is in this form. Following data entry and reorganization in the spreadsheet, a hard copy of the raw data is generated and veriGed against the original coding sheets. All keypunching errors are corrected at this point. Data files are then transferred to the WHOI (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution) VAX computer for analysis. 9

Table 1. Algal Indicator Species used for Quantitative Community Analysis. Chlorophyta (Green Algae) Rhodophyta (Red Algae) Bryopsis plumosa Ahrtfeltia plicata

• Chaetonwrpha linwn*

Antithamnion americanwn* C. melagontwn* Bonnemaisonia hamifera* Cladophora spp.* Callophyllis cristata Enteromorphaflexuosa* Ceramium rubrum

• PJti:oclonium riparfum*

Owndrus crispus

• Ulm lactuca*

Corallina oficinalls* Cystoclontwn purpureum

• 1 Phacophyta (Bmwn Algae)

Gracilaria tikvahiae Gymnogongnis crenulatus Chordariaflagellifonnis Membranoptera alata* Desmarestia aculeata* Palmaria palmata D. viridis

• Phycodrys ntbens*

Laminaria digitata Phyllophora truncata* L. saccharina P. pseudoceranoides* Sphacelaria cirrosa* P. traillii Plumaria elegans Polyides rotundus

• Polysiphonia elongata P. Jibrillosa*

P. harveyi' P. nigrescens* P. urceolata* Rhodomela confermides* Spennothamnion repens *

• Species found in March 1991 samples.

10

l Analytical software consists of a suite of programs developed specincally for the analysis of benthic data. In addition to a variety of data-management and modification utilities, these programs include PRAREl and COMPAll. PRAREI summarizes the data for each sample, calculates a variety of diversity-related indices, and generates a rarefaction curve. COMPAll is a multivariate classiGeation package that allows a wide variety of user-specined options for similarity indices and clustering strategies, including both normal (i.e. by station) and inverse (i.e. by species) analyses he individual species composing the fauna at each station are rank ordered by abundance. The most abundant species is listed first, followed in order by less abundant forms. The percent contribution of each species to the total fauna is denoted by a decreasing total percentage starting with t the most abundant species and ending with the most rare. Basic statistical treatments include 2 calculation of means of abundances per station and extrapolation to density per m, Species richness is interpreted by using a jackknife procedure in combination with pooled species data to evaluate the contribution of rare species in the communities (lleltshe and Forrester, f 1983). 3is procedure takes into accouro that random samples are not necessarily representative of a population. The jackknife estimate of species richness is a function of the number of so-called " unique" species present at a station, that is those that are present in one and only one replicate out of Ove. The jackknife estimate of species richness (1) is expressed as: $# S+ k n where S represents the pooled species numbers at each station, n is the number of replicates, and k is the number of unique species. The variance of estimated spe.les richness [ var (f)] is also calculated ta measure the spatial distcibution of unique species. Measures of diversity calculated for each sample and station include the Shannon-Wiener information (H') and evenness (J") indices and rarefaction curves according to the method of Hurlbert (1971). Shannon's li' has been shown to be a biased estimator and for small samples will underestimate true population information (Smith and Grassie,1977). Hurlbert's expected species index of diversity is an unbiased estimator and is thus particularly useful when small and unequal sample sizes must be compared. I1

b The measure of similarity developed by Grassle and Smith (1976), the Normalized Expected Species Shared (NESS), combined with group average sorting is used for cluster analysis. NESS is based on the expected number of species shared between random samples of size m drawn from a population, and is sensitive to the less common species in the populations to be compared. The Dray-Curtis similarity measure, combincd with group average sorting, is also used (Boesch,1977). These values are calculated for stations (norma!) and species (inverse), using numbers of individuals of

species, in the event that patterns in the station and species analysis require further interpretation, a nodal analysis is performed using the results of the similarity procedures describal above. His procedure is especially useful when evaluating the combined spring and summer data. Nodal analysis is a method of relating normal and inverse classifications to aid in the interpretation of cluster analyses. The method uses two way tables that show replicate groups on the vertical side and species groups on the horizontal side. This technique is used to measure constancy and fidelity. Constancy is a proportion derived from the number of occurrences of a species group in a replicate group as compared with the total possible occurrences. Fidelity is the degree of restriction of a species group to a replicate group, in this report we elected to not use nodal analysis because the stations and species clustering patterns were readily explained, I

For the algae, community overlap was calculated using Jaccard's coefficient of community (Grieg-Smith,1964) to measure the similarity in algal species composition among the Effluent, hianomet Point, and Rocky Point stations. Jaccard's coefficient provides a mathematical evaluation of the similarity between two replicates or stations using only species occurrence and does not consider differences in their abundance. 3.0 RESULTS 11 OUALITATIVE TRANSECT SURVEY Qualitative transect surveys of acute nearfield impact zones were initiated in January 1980 and have been conducted quarterly since 1982. Two survey; were performed (March 28 and June 28) during the current reporting period, bringing the total number of surveys conducted since 1980 to 42. Results of surveys conducted from January 1980 to June 1983 are reviewed in Semi Annual Report 22 to Boston Edison Co. (BECO,1983). Results of the four surveys performed in 1990 are reviewed in Semi Annual Report Nc. 37 to Boston Edison Co. (BECO,1991). Detailed results of the mapping conducted in hiarch and June 1991 are presented in the next two sections. 12

I [ 11.1 March 1991 Transect Surygy The extent of the denuded and stunted areas mapped on hlarch 28.1991 immediately offshore from PNPS is shown in Figure 4. A large boulder that is nearly exposed at mean low water, and that is used as a landmark by both the SAIC and the hiassachusetts Division of hlarine Fisheries dive teams is plotted in the Ogure. The denuded zone is essentially devoid of Chondrus crispus whereas the stunted zone has Chondrus that is smaller and less dense than that growing under normal conditions. The dive team must keep in mind while taking measurements that the shallower depths to the northwest of the discharge canal preclude normal Chondrus growth. In hiarch 1991, the Chondrus denuded zone was characterized by bare rock aru very sparse, scattered patches of Uha that extended approximately 8 to 13 m north and 3 to 4 m south of the baseline. His asymmetrical distribution around the transect line was a return from the more symmetrical distribution seen during the December 1990 survey to the con 6guration seen during the first three 1990 surveys. The denuded zone reached 24 m funhet offshore than in April 1990, extending approximately 94 m along the transect line. The area (approximately 1320.5 mi of the denuded zone was 46% larger than in April 1990 and 5% larger than in December 1990. Assemblages of Cystoclonium purpureum and a species tentatively identiGed as Gracilaria tikvahlae growing near the 40-m mark were more dense than those seen during the previous two surveys. North of the transect line, Mtween the 50- and 60-m marks, an alga species, Membranoptera alata, not seen during the September or December 1990 surveys, was observed living in conjunction wi'h the Uha patches and collected for identi0 cation. Between the 70 to 80-m marks and within 8 m of the baseline, dense patches of juvenile mussels had settled on several of the rocks. 2 He stunted zone, with an area of about 225 m, was 25% larger than in December 1990. On the northwest side the stunted zone occurred as a band from the tip of the jetty to the 90-m mark on the transect line, while along the southeast side it occurred only as a thin strip from the 49-m to 80-m mark on the transect. The greatest width reached by the stunted zone was 6.5 m at the 65-m mark on the transect. 3.1.2 June 1991 Transect Survey Results of the divers' survey for June 27,1991 are mapped in Figure 5. The denuded zone extended 85 m along the transect line. The area (1265 nf) of the denuded zone was slightly less (4%) than in htarch,1991 and much less (31%) t.han it had been in June,1990. The distribution of the denuded zone around the transect line was slightly asymmetrical with more area denuded of 13

- 100 Meen chondus 90 Growth Co/s#hNr Stunted ,/ chondms .i Grov.h ( Moderate l Chondms I Growth { Sparse i. Fucus {,_ Chondus \\. l [ Denuded Zone !r \\ s. 1. !w A Submerged Jetty Effluent Cana, io 30 16 o to 50 do MEMS NORTH gggyg Figure 4. Stunted and Denuded Omndrus Zones Observed in March 1991. 14

3 ) {. ~ 100 cense ctadms . 90 very spame cradms coverage ,./: / cradms Fucus Denuced Zone k,' smaa "#~" y,,,,1, ( ~ * ' * *

• ctadms l

covereoe sosme -+/ very cradms \\1 Fucus l i 1 [_ Submerged Jetty fflugnt Ca_ c ~ jo do 16 0 10 20

1. 0 NORTH O

I Figure 5. Stunted and Denuded Ozondrus Zones Observed in June 1991. 15

g ? Omndrus north of the line than to the south. The northern region was characterized by areas of bare rock and sparse coverage by Chondrus beyond the denuded zone, except at the 60-m mark where dense patches of Chondrus occurred on the sides oflarge rocks only 8 m north of the transect line. Fucus, more abundant than in March, was present north of the transect line. No Laminaria was observed during the dive. Within the discharge canal there was dense coverage of the red, fibrous ( alga, Cystoclonum purpurcum, along with patches of Ultu and Codlum. Ultu was present north of the transect line from the jetties to the 70-m mark. There was no true region of stunted Chondrus growth as seen in previous surveys. The northern border of the denuded zone was delineated by the presence of sparsely distributed but normal kmking Owndrus; the southern boundary was clearly delineated by moderate coverage of normal Chondrus growth and increased algal diversity, d i l l L 16

\\ 3.2 OU ANTTTATIVE FAUNAL MONITORING L2.1 Systematics in the spring of 1991,102 species were found in the study area. Sixty four percent of the fauna were polychaetes and mollusks with each group contributing 3'l species. Crustaceans included ) 27 species (26%), and the remaining species included 5 echinoderr.is (5%),3 nematodes (3%), and small groups such as turbellarians, anemones, and tunicates. A list of the species colleaed in the April 1991 survey is included in Appendix A. Three species were added to the list produced during the surveys in 1990, including two nudibranchs, Coophella rufibranchialis and Conphella salmonacea, and a nemettean. Tetrastemma vittatum'. 3.2.2 Snecies Richnen Species richness values for all three stations for April 1991 are presented in Table 2. Data are presented as total species per replicate for each station (25% aliquot), with a mean value over all replicates at each station and a cumulative total representing pooled species numbers at each station. Because the area included within each replicate is 0.1089 m, the cumulative species total at each 2 station represents a total area of 0.5445 m'. In April 1991, the Rocky Poirit reference station had 78 species for pooled replicates, the highest number among the three stations. The Manomet Point station had 62 species, and the Efauent station was intermediate with 72 species. The average number of species per replicate again resulted in Rocky Point being Orst (48.6) followed by the Effluent (43.2) and Manomet Point (38.8). In order to assess the rare species that might be present at the stations but were not found because of the relatively small area sampled, the jackknife estimate of Heltshe and Forrester (1983) was calculated (See Section 2.3). Again the Efnuent station proved to be intermediate (estimated l species: about 96) between Manomet Point (77 estimated species) and Rocky Point (about 102 l estimated species). The very high variance of $ at the Eftluent station indicates that the unique species were distributed unevenly among the replicates; more than half of all unique species were found in one replicate. 'This nernertean has undoubtedly been present pnar to this sampling permd, but has not been identified to species befort. 17 l ~~- ~_,

~ ._m--- Table 2. Faunal Species Richness at the IIfflumt, Maaonet Point, and flocky Point Stations in April 1991. t:rituent Manomet Point Rocky Point No. Specks / Replicate 47,35,44,53,37 42,42,39,35,36 50,51,51,43,48 Mean i standard 43.217.36 38.813.27 48.613.36 Deviation No. Species /5tatwn 72 62 78 Jackkaifed E<imate 95.8 77.0 101.8 Swies Rick.cs ($) Variance ($) 42.24 0.96 11.84 ? In comparison with data from the previous year, no trends are evident in the number of species actually found in the samples; however, if the jackknife estimate technique is used, a short-term seasonal pattern emerges. The number of spes les found in the samples was consistently lowest at the Eftluent station during both seasons in 1990, whereas it was intermediate in spring 1991; during all three sampling easons, the Rocky Point station consistently ranked highest. On the other hand, the number of estimated species at the Efiluent station in the spring seasons of 1990 and 1991 was intermediate (about 90) between the numbers calculated for Manomet Point (about 80) and those for Rocky Point (about 100), whereas in the fa!! cf 1990, the Eftluent station was clearly lower (75) than both reference stations (about 100). 3.2.3 Faunal Density Total faunal densities recorded in April 1991 differed greatly among stations. Table 3 shows the average number of individuals per replicate and the extrapolated number of individuals per square meter. Calculations were made with and without the mussel Mytilus edulis; mussel densities are also shown separately. Total faunal density at the Eftluent station was exceptionally high in spring 1991 (almost 518,000 individuals per m2), mostly because of a very dense mussel population of more than 18

) l f Table 3. Faunal Densities at the Effluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky Point Stations in April 1991. Total Density + Station Without Ahtilus edulis With Mvtilus edulis ~ hiean (R) No. Density hiean (x) No. Density hiean (X) No. Density 2 2 2 Indiv./ Rep. per m ladiv./ Rep. per m Indiv./ Rep. per m Efiluent 59,340.8 517,631 14,396.0 132,263 41,944.8 385,368 hianomet 20,534.4 188,660 6,620.0 60,821 13,914.4 127.839 3 Point Rocky 17,284.8 158,804 6,772.0 62,218 10.512.8 %,586 Point L 380,000 individuals per m2 Rocky Point ranked lowest with a total faunal density of approximately 159,000 individuals per m2 (about 97,000 mussels per m2), and the hianomet Point station was intermediate with about 189,000 individuals per m2 (about 128,000 mussels per m2). Since the spring of 1990, total densities at the Effluent stations increased consisterdly, whereas at the reference stations, total density declined between spring and fall 1990 and did not change considerably between fall 1990 and spring 1991. Some of the abundant species were examined in detail to further elicit changes in faunal density over time. Figure 6 depicts the total faunal densities and densities of Mytilus edulls, Jassafalcata, and Imuna vincta at the three stations from the spring 1990, fall 1990, and spring 1991 data. The graphics show that total densities at the Effluent station have increased since the spring of 1990, whereas the two reference stations exhibit a decline in total faunal density in the fall and a more or less pronounced increase in the spring of 1991. The sharp increase in total faunal density at the Effluent station in spring 1991 was caused both by the mussels and by Jassafalcata, the most common amphipod in the study area and usually among the top 3 dominants at each station. Jassa also caused the increase of total densities at the two reference stations between fall 1990 and spring 1991, whereas the mussel populations at those 19

r t; s i c t l t n 5 Y. P u P i d .,y v j$f y k e k a a c s o n P R u u li c ty a f. M t L P 1 P n 9 7 n t t eh 9 ek j ; g nt lx nt 1 r a r a ot f ot nS nS o a a M M h craM 1 9 d 9 n 1 a h 0 k c 9 t f R[j %b n t n 9 r e e 1 gi , u a m sn n M f r o a E r e b me t 0 p ) 1 ) 0 9 e ) ) 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 n n 0 ) e, ) W X x X w K 1 r 0 e 0 4 2 0 a a 4 3 9 S x 0 o 0 0 [ 0 0 x X K x x x 0 f r t x g x x 5 t 5 52 a 1 2 n 1 1 1 1 1 d x, 4 3 -w n re a b i l m pr a e A t t a Y P tp n y t c y e it P l rk i s y a S a w. f a n k n e P u a e c a E s F D l s c a i. a J i t t o ne T B 0 t f L P 9 o P n 9 t n h e o y h n 1 t te o k imt i a l s ni ot i t n r a nS r ot a p e nS a M A D V. E 6 e r J ll j ) l t u n g q t 7f ' $( $p n g 9DI 4hi u F e i e Y n ,un i i E E 0 0 0 X 0 ) ) ) m"0 O ) ) ) 0 0 X x X e n d U K X X 1 M 0 X 0 0 s 01 N X 5 0 5 4 5 t mat N K N 0 l 5 4 4 3 3 2 a X i X 2 S 7 0 40 5 4 3 3 {ja Ua o =0 $ g$ s ~

stations increased only slightly at Manomet Point and decreased at Rocky Point during the same time. The snail Lacuna vincta, a very imponant faunal element in both seasons of 1990, generally showed a steady decline in density since spring 1990, except for Rocky Point where its density increased between fall 1990 and spring 1991. 3.2.4 Species Dominance The 15 numerically dominant species collected at the Effluent, Manomet Point, and Rocky Point stations in April 1991 are shown in Table 4. Data are presented as the average number per replicate (% aliquot) and percent composition at each station. The composite list of species making up the fifteen dominants at each of the three stations contains 23 species. Eight of those 23 species occurred at all three stations, and 4 species (3 amphipods and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus) were shared among any combination of two stations. Five species occurred among the iominants of the Ef0uent station only, including an amphipod, a nemertean, the starfish Asterias, and 2 polychaetes; two amphipods occurred among the dominants at Manomet Point only, and one amphipod and three snails occurred among the dominants at Rocky Point only. He 1* mst abundant species comprised 96% (Rocky Point station) to more than 99% (Eftluent sts. tion) of the total rauna. The longer list of rare or infrequently encountered species (47 to 63, depending upon station) accounted for no more than 0.6 to 4.1% of the total fauna. Most of the dominant species were amphipods (10 species); other dominants were gastropods (4 species), echinoderms (2 species), tunicates (1 species), isopods (1 species), and caprellids (1 species). The blue mussel Mytilus edulls was the only bivalve induded in the top 15 dominants. The benthic communities at all three stations were dominated by Mytilus (Effluent, 74%, Manomet Point,68%, and Rocky Point,61%), but were also characterized by the amphipod Jassafalcata, contributing 10 to 16% of the total fauna, it is noteworthy that the species ranking third was the amphipod Corophimn acutum at both reference stations, but C. Insidiosum at the Effluent station, where it pushed C. acutum into fourth position. De saail Lacuna vincta ranked fourth at the reference stations and fifth at the Eftluent station, respectively. 21

Table 4. Rank Ordcr of 15 Dominant Species Collected in April 1991. Mcan Number per Persent of Sta. Rank Specie. Repheate' IJerairied Fauna EFF 1 Myntar eJuhs (B4 valve) 10,456.0 74.45 2 Ja.uafalcow (AmphipoJ) 2,137.4 15.18 3 Corophium insidiosum (AmphipoJ) 613.4 4.36 I 4 Corophium ocutum (Amphipod) 447.8 3.18 5 locuna Wacsa (Ga.tropoJ) 142.6 1.01 6 Cuprella penanns (Capreltid) 60.4 0.43 7 Calliopiar laevisculas (Amphipod) 18.0 0.13 [ 8 Demamine thea (AmphipoJ) 17.2 0.12 9 Cerebratulus facuar (Nemettean) 14.2 0.10 10 Motea phmphorra (laopoJ) 13.2 0.09 11 Asteriasforbesi (Esbinoderm) 11.4 0 06 12 Photoe minuta (Polychaetc) 10.0 0.07 I 13 Eulalia Wri.Ls (Polychacte) 9.4 0.07 14 Molgula sp. (Tunicate) 7.2 0.05 r 15 Strongylocentrotus droebachientu (T.chinoderm) 6.8 0.05 TOT AL OF 15 SPECIES 13,vv5 4 99.37 REMAINING IDESTIFIED FAUNA - 57 SPECIES 59.8 0 63 TOTAL IDEWIFIED FAUNA - 72 SPEclES 14,085.2 100.00 MP i l Myntus edula (Baalve) 3,478.6 67.76-2 Jassefalcata (Amphipod) 827.C 16.11 l 3 Corophium oculum (AmphipoJ) 200.6 3.91 4 lacuna uncw (GastropoJ) 13L0 2.59 5 Corophium bonelli (Amphipod) 127.8 2.49 l 6 Marganus umbilicata (GastropoJ) 76.4 1.49 7 Molgula sp. (Tunicate) 46.4 0.90 8 Mows phuphorra (14opod) 35.0 0.68 9 Calliopius L2eviscular (AmphipoJ) 23.4 0.46 10 Desamine shra (AmphipoJ) 18.8 0.37 11 Caprella penantu (Caprellid) 18.8 0.37 12 Ischyrocerus anguipes ( Amphipod) 18.0 0.35 13 Amphisoe rubncata (AmphipoJ) 16.2 0.32 )4 Pleusymics glaber (AmphipoJ) 15.2 0.30 15 Pontogem da inenna ( Amphig od) 14.6 0.28 l TOTAL OF 15 SPECLES 5 #49.8 98.38 ( REMAINING IDENTIFIED FAUNA - 47 SPECIES 83.8 1 62 TOTAL IDENTIFIED FAUN A - 62 512CIES 5,I33.6 100.00 RP 1 Myntus e.lubs (Bwalve) 2,628.2 60.82 2 lassafalcaw (AmphipoJ) 431.8 10.00 3 Corophium acutum (AmphipoJ) 260.4 6.03 4 Lacuna wncia (GastropoJ) 225.6 5.22 5 Notgula sp. (Tunicate) 75.8 1.75 6 blargarius s,mbilicalis (Gastropod) 75 A l.75 7 Corophium bonelli (AmphipoJ) 73.4 1.70 R Muralla lun.ua (Gastropod) 69.2 1.60 9 Ormba acules (GastropoJ) 55.2 1.28 10 fontogencia mennis (Amphipod) 54.6 1.26 11 lschyrocerus anguipes (Amphipod) 53.0 1.23 12 Strongylocentrotar droebachtervis (E.:hinoderm) 49.4 1.14 13 Deramme thea (Amphipod) 39.6 0.92 14 Caprella penanti.: (Caprellid) 29.2 0.68 15 Motea phosphorea (Isopod) 23.8 0.55 TOTAL OF 15 SPECIES 4,144.6 95.93 REMAINING IDENTIFIED FAUN A - 63 SPECIES 176.6 4.07 TOTAL IDENTIFIED FAUNA - 78 SPECLES 4,321.2 100.00 l 22 ?

) 3.2.5 Species Diversity Species diversity was measured using the Shannon-Wicner Information lndex (H') and the Hurlbert rasefaction method. Results of species diversity calculations both with and without the mussels are shown in Table 5 and Figure 7. The mussel population affected the species diversity values, as is typical for the study area, although not as strongly as in the previous spring; H' values without mussels were about 1.5 times higher than with mussels, whereas in spring 1990 that factor was 2 to 3. Generally, a diversity was lower in spring 1991 than it had been in spring and fall 1990. This very low diversity is in part the result of high mussel counts (e.g., at the Efnuent station), but also of high abundances of the amphipods Jassafalcata and two species of Corophiam. Diversity was lowest at the Ef0uent station (H'= 1.34), intermediate at the Manomet Poir.t station (H'= 1.82), and highest at the Rocky Point station (H'= 2.49); if the mussels were excluded, the stations ranked the same, but the range for H' was higher, between 2.(M and 3.88. Evenness values (J') were also lowest at the Ef0uent station and highest at Rocky Point, indicating a more patchy distribution of organisms at the Ef0uent station. Hurlbert's rarefaction method produced essentially the same patterns ss the Shannon-Wiener index, with the lowest diversity present at the Ef0uent station when mussels are included (35 expected species per 5000 individuals), and the highest diversity value calculated for Rocky Point when mussels are excluded (70 expected species per 5000 individuals). One exception is the second highest diversity, which was present at Manomet Point (without mussels) a: cording to Shannon-Wiener, whereas it occurred at Rocky Point (with mussels) a;;ording to Hurlbert. The results of Hurlbert's rarefaction are probably more accurate because they seem to reneet more strongly the effect oflow mussel counts at Rocky Point than does Shannon-Wiener. M 23

Table 5. Community Parameters for the Efiluent, Manomd Point, and Rocky Point Stations in April 1991. er Statsm Density Total No. Species per Spirias per Species per Species par Species per Shannon-Evcances (J') (m') Species 100 Indiv. 500 Imfiv. 1000 Indiv. 2500 Indiv. 5000 Indiv. Wiener (11') Eilluent 517,631 72 63 12.0 16.7 25.9 34.5 134 0.217 Without Afyrilus 132,271 71 9.7 22.2 30.4 42.4 51.9 2.04 0332 j l Manomet Point 188,660 62 10 3 20.0 25.2 33 3 41.6 1.82 0306 With9ut Afyrilus 60,821 61 15.7 27.8 34.7 46.6 55.7 2.85 0.480 Rocky Point 158,804 78 15 3 28.5 35.8 47.7 l 57.9 2.49 0395 Without Afyrilus 62,218 77 21.6 37.7 47.0 60.4 69.9 3.88 0.619 N

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3.2.6 Community Analysis Similarity among the samples taken in spring 1991 was measured using Bray-Curtis and NESS; the results are shown in Figures 8 and 9. The dendrogram resulting from the analysis using the Bray-Curtis similarity measure shows three clusters, containing a mixture of Manomet Point and Rocky Point samples, three samples from Rocky Point, and all Efiluent samples, respectively. The two clusters consisting of the samples from the two reference stationsjoin at the 0.52 level, and the Ef0uent cluster joins at the 0.44 level. The small cluster of Rocky Point replicates is characterized by relatively few Afytilus edulls, but also low abundances of other dominant species such as the amphipods lassa and Corophium, the snails Afargarites, Lacuna, and Onoba, and the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus. The clear separation of the Efauent station from the reference stations, usually not seen with Bray-Curtis, is mostly the result of the much higher Afytilus counts at the Ef0uent station, but also the shift in species of the j amphipod Corophium between the Ef0uent and reference stations (see Section 3.2.4). 'Ihe Eftluent samples are slightly more similar (0.77) than the samples comprising the other two clusters (0.69 to 0.71), if NESS is used, each of the stations cluster out separately (Figure 9). The individual Efnuent replicates join at a hi h level of similarity (0.96), followed by the Manomet Point replicates (0.90) and the S Rocky Point replicates (0.85). The two reference stations join at 0.82, whereas the Effluent station joins 2 the other two stations at the relatively low level of 0.58. As the Afyrilus counts are not as overwhelming for the analysis with NESS as they are with Bray-Curtis, the replicates of each station are grouped somewhat differently due to the abundances of lower ranking species. In comparison to the previous year, there is a clear tendency for a separation of the Effluent station from the reference stations. This separation was already seen in fall 1990, although the replicates of the Eftluent station were more dissimilar than they were in spring 1991. To detect any temporal patterns in the development of benthic communities in the study area after the end of the prolonged power outage at the PNPS, the combined data of all three seasons since spring 1990 were analyzed with NESS (Figure 10). The dendrogram shows two important developments: (1) There is a seasonal pattern, causing the samples of the two spring seasons to join at a higher similarity level (0.75) than the spring and fall samples combined (0.71). (2) Since the fall of 1990, the Efiluent station has been clearly different from the reference stations. While in spring 1990 there were two clusters containing a mixture of samples from the Effluent and at least one reference station (left side of the dendrogram), the fall samples fell into two clusters, one consisting of the Ef0uent replicates and the other consisting of the two reference stations. In the spring of 1991, the replicates of each station formed a distinct cluster, and the Effluent replicates of the last two seasons combined (right side of the dendrogram) join the other samples at the relatively low 0.55 level. 26 i

i .40 = 437 .523 .60 = .691 'IO ~ .714 III .776 .794 .50 =. ,g g y .874 1.-- i l I up up pp up MP MP RP RP RP RP EF (F EF EF EF 4 g g ) 3 2 1 2 4 6 2 5 3 1 4 Figure 8. Similarity Analysis Based on Bray-Curtis an Group Average Sorting for March 1991, 27

i .55 a .580 f 60 a ? nd w% wm .so = .821 .847 ,8 5 -

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.90 - 915 l '*L .S$ " .968 .380 l l. n RP RP RP RP RP MP MP MP MP MP EF EF EF EF EF 2 4 5 3 1 4 5 2 3 1 3 4 1 5 2 Figure 9 Similarity Analysis Based on NESS and Group Average Sorting for March 1991. 28

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• t?;!.

't.. l g n itro Sega revA p l.. u o r jx-G d n ... r 11 ~ a s s e N g n = is U 1 9 9 ml 1 g n i rp S d n a 0 9 9 1 .L I l l a F 8 I. d n a g i n i i I r p S r o )? f a m r t D a 3 l d l en ib m o . z C e ht f o s i s y ,f la n A y w 2 t m ira li m i S 0 1 e rug I iF e i: j-

l .%3. OUANJ1TATlYJLALGALM0MIDFlNG ] 33.1 Synkmalks i No addition to the cumulathe algal species list present in Semi Annual Report No.16 (llECO, \\ 1930) were made as a rnult of analysis of the h1 arch 1991 samples. The 27 species present are 5dicated ) in Table 1. 3.31AltaLCommunity Descripuno The rock._.id cobble substrata found at the Eftluent, hianome'. Point, and Rocky Point stations were heavily colonized by red macroalgae during the March 1991 survey. Two-thirds of the species collected belonged to the Rhodophyta (red algae), in addblon to the dominant species Chondrus crupus and Phyllophora spp., other ber'thic thodophytes included Ahqfcilla plicata, Corallina oficinalls, and Polyldes rotundus. Epiphytic rhodophytes found in all replicate samples were Cnamlum rubrum, Qstoclonium purpurcum, and Spermothamnion repens. Other species collected in all samples were the chlorophytes (green algae) Chartomorpha linum, C. melagonium, and Rhizoclonium riparfum and the phaeophyte (brown alga) Desmarestia aculcata. Diomass of Chondrus crispus, epiphytic species, and total algae was highest at Manomet Point and lowest at the Efiluent station. Blomass of Phylhiphora spp, and the remaining benthic species was highest at Rocky Peint and lowest at hianomet Point. Gracllarla tlkvahlar, an indicator of warm water, was not collected in any of the replicate samples in March 1991. Ilowever, Gracilarla was observed by the divers v ithin the discharge canal and within the denuded zone out to 40 m on the transect 1:ae in March, in June, a short-bladed alga, tentatively identified as Gracllarla by the divers, was observed within the discharge canal; no lominaria, a cold water indicator, was seen. 33.3 Algal Community Outhw Community overlap was calculated for the March 1991 data using Jaccard's coefficient that provides a mathematical evaluation of the similarity between two replicates or stations using only species occurrence. Species occurrence records of all 27 species that were found were used for community overlap calculations. Results of com nunity overlap comparisons bctween replicate samples for each station for the htarc5 1991 collecting period are presented in matrix form in Figure 11. Ranges of percent overlap were 66.7 to 86.4 at the Efiluent station,75.0 to 100.0 at Manomet Point, and 69.6 to 91.3 at Rocky Point. Replicate percent overlap range was lower at the Fftluent station (19.7) than at Manomet Point Q5.0) or Rocky Point (21.7), indicating that the replicates at the Eftluent station were more similar to each other than replicates at the other two stations. 30

I 4 M i I 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 k 1 2 { I 21 25 28 21 E I 17 18 19 37 1 M vs .E 3 2 84 0 21 19 19 g 2 73.9 17 16 15 ^@ i ( E h 3 100.0 84.0 21 21 E 3 78.3 77.3 19 37 c { { h l 4 84.0 82.6 84.0 18 4 82.6 66 86.4 17 h l Z k g 5 84.0 82.6 84.0 75.0 5 81.0 71.4 85 0 81.0 A C i I Percent Overlap Percent Overlap I l l. t,a } t. I 1 i i 1 2 3 4 5 f / v f i 2 = i I 19 16 21 19 MP RP EFF [ v I 2 82_6 17 21 19 'S MP 22 23 $b e j I i M T 3 69.6 77.3 17 18 3k I RP 81.5 22 l M h EFF 88.5 84.6 4 91.3 91.3 70.8 20 z D ~ 5 82_6 82.6 85.7 83.3 6 B Percent Overlap [ ~ Percent Overlap I l l Figure i1. Algal Ccmmunity Overlap (Jaccard's Coemcient of Community) and Number of Species Shared Between Replicate Pairs, March j 1991. A, Manomet Point Station; B, Rocky Point Station; C, Emuent Station; D, Station Overlap. j

( Community overlap between stations was high for e" hree pairs of stations, indlcating a high degree of homogeneity in terms of species present at all three stations. Community overlap was higher between the Efiluent and hianomet Point stations (88.5%) than between the Ef 0uent and Rocky Point stations (34.6%) or between the hianomet Point and Rocky Point stations (81 $%). His indicates that the algal communities at the Ef0uent and Alanomet Point staions were more similar to each other than either was to the Rocky Point station. 111.Mgal liiomass Chondrus crispus Chondrus crhp.o tilomass values recorded for the Efiluent, hianomet Poirf, and Rocky Point stations for h1 arch 1991 are presented in Table 6. In h1 arch 1991, the range of individual biomass values was highest at Rocky Point (2.75 to 277.33 g/m'), followed by the Efiluent station (0.46 to 146.24 g/m'), and hianomet Point (82.44 to 217.75 g/m'). At the Efiluent, hianomet Point, and Rocky Point stations, mean Chondrus biomass was 21%,46%, and 35% of the total algal blomass, respectively. The hianomet Point station had the highest mean biomass value for Chondrus (161.75 g/m'), followed by Rocky Point (112.75 g/m?), and the E10uent station (52.22 g/m'). An ANOVA r,howed no significant differences between any of the stations when mean Chondrus biomass values were compared (at p=0.05). floh nora spp. Phyllophora spp biomass values for the hiarch 1991 collecting perhid are given in Table 6. The 2 range of individual biomass was greatest at the Rocky Point station (13.31 to 210.96 g/m ), followed by the Ef0uent station (19.19 to 214.53 g/m'), and hianomet Point (57.74 to 159.55 g/m'). Phyllophora spp. were 51% of the total algal biomass at the Efiluent station,30% at hianomet Point, and 41% at Rocky Point. t The Rocky Point station had the highest mean biomass value for Phyllophora spp. (131.07 g/m ), followed by the Ef0uent station (127.82 g/m'), and hianomet Point (105.77 g/m'). No signliicant differences existed between the stations in htarch 1991 when comparing Phyllophora spp. biomass (at p = 0.05). Iliomass of Remaininn llenthic S Ishs P The remaining benthic species exclude Chondrus crispus, Phyllophora spp., laminaria spp., and algal epiphytes. Biomass data for the remaining benthic species for h1 arch 1991 are presented in Tal.le 6. Tne Rocky Point station had the highest range of biomass values (22.40 to 102.27 g/m'), followed by the Ef0uent station (35.43 to 69.86 g/m'), and hianomet Point (12.76 to 43.70 g/m'). The percentage that 32 l

) Table 6. Dry Weight liiontas (ghr') for Omrufrus critpw,1%yllophora spp., 'Ihe Rmulning Ilcathic Spoeles, Epiphytes, and Total Algal liiornass at the Efiluent, Manorn(t Point, nJ f Rocky Point Statiom in March 1991. _y Chra mstrigius PAyllykra ag. Reunining ik:Alue Pristytic $ wks All 1 M ia/ S;uvice (Itdal) Algae lismau I\\nud Itamass ihmd liimasa I\\nad Dinusse IWsud 11' nnass a m-EFF1 7.99 2.81 214 63 75.35 4613 16]7 15 61 5 48 284 86 EFF 2 49.57 31.07 19.19 12.02 69.86 43.81 20 84 13.07 159 46 l EFF 3 1ab 24 48.88 87.49 29.24 57.65 19.27 7 80 2 61 299.18 EFF 4 0.46 0 22 161.11 7232 35.4? 17.22 8 72 4.24 205.72 EFF5 56.82 19.22 156.70 52.99 6380 21.58 18 36 6 21 295.69 x EIT $2.22 20.97 127.82 51.34 54 67 21.96 14.27 $.73 248.98 hlP 1 183 97 40.99 159,55 35.55 43.70 9.74 61 to 13.72 448.82 klP 2 217.75 60 65 103 00 28.69 12.76 3.55 25.52 7.11 359 03 hlP 3 82,44 27.23 144.13 47.61 17.99 5.94 58 20 19.22 302.76 MP4 176 62 $3.91 57.74 17.62 23.32 7.12 69.95 21.35 327.63 hlP 5 147.98 43.89 64 44 19.11 41.22 12.22 83.54 24.7% 337.18 x MP 161.75 45.55 105.77 29.79 27,80 7.R3 59.76

16. R3 355.08 RP 1 277.33 84.46 13.31 4 05 22 40 6 82 15.33 4.67 328.37 kP 2 6334 19.83 181.30 56.75 59 39 18.59 15.42 4.83 319 46 RP 3 173.59 61.10 45.53 16 02 46 08 16 22 18 91 6 66 284 12 RP 4 2.75 0.80 204 26 59.56 102 27 29.82 33 69 9.82 342.96 RP5 46.73 13 90 210 96 62.74 60,13 17.88 18 45 5 49 336 26 l

x RP 112.75 34.99 131.07 40.68 58.05 18.02 2036 6.32 322.23 EFF: Efauent; MP. Manomet Point; RP Rocky Point; A: Mean biomau 33

the remaining benthic species contributed to the total algal biomass was greatest at the Effluent station (22%), followed by Rocky Point (18%) and hianomet Point (8%). 1 The highest mean biomass values occurred at the Rocky Point station (58.05 g/m'), followed by 54.67 g/m' at the Eftluent station, and 27.8 g/m' at hianomet Point. To avoid statistical redundancy and perm?. a meaningful ANOVA for the total algal biomass an ANOVA for biomass of the remaining benthic spceles is not presented hae. Evjphytic Ah'al lilomass, Epiphytic algal biomass values for htarch 1991 are given in Table 6. In hiarch 1991, mean epiphytic biomass values were highest at hianomet Point (59.76 g/m'), followed by the Rocky Point station (20.36 g/m'), and the Ef0uent station (14.27 g/m'). An ANOVA showed a significant difference between the three stations in epiphytic algal biomass (F,= 16.52t F,,in=3.89). Scheffd's multiple comparison test (Sokal and Rohlf (1981) p. 256) showed that epiphytic algal biomass at the Effluent station was significantly different from the mean biomass at the control stations and from the biomass at hianomet Point but was not significantly different from the IPcky Point station biomass. In addition, epiphytic algal biomass at the two control stations were different from each othet. Total Algallilomass Total mean algal biomass for htarch 1991 is given in Table 6. The hianomet Point station had the 2 highest biomass value (355.08 g/m'), the Rocky Point station ranked second (322.23 g/m ), and the Ef0uent station ranked thir i(248.98 g/m'). Individual replicate ranges for total algal biomass in htarch 1991 c.t the Ef0uent, hianomet Point, and Rocky Point stations were 159.46 to 299.18 g/m',302.76 to 448.82 g/m, and 284.12 to 342.96 g/m, respectively. An ANOVA showed a ignificant difference 2 2 between the three stations in total algal biomass (F,=5.78; Fwun = 3.89). Scheffd's multiple comparison test showed that total algal biomass at the Ef0uent station was significantly different frorn the mean biomass at the control stations and from the biomass at hianomet Point but was not significantly different from the Rocky Point station biomass. For total algal biomass the two control stations were not significantly different from each other. 4.0 DISCUSSION The pattern of stunted and denuded zones in the discharge canal is readily apparent to divers and is easily mapped and measured as part of the diver surveys. Less obvious, however, is the farfield effect on the benthic communities at the three established benthic stations. As expected, there are no observed changes on the benthic community structure at the two reference stations at Rocky Point and hianomet Point following the return to full plant operation. At the Effluent Station, in contrast, there has been 34

considerable change. Cluster analysis clearly indicates that the station has a different community structure from the reference locations. This pattern was evident in earlier periods of high plant operation. Near the end of the 2 % year outage, the Ef0uent Station was indistinguishable from the reference locations. It is likely that the thermal discharge has a farneld effect on the algal canopy and this in turn affects the composition of the resident fauna. 5.0 LITERATURl! CITED Bayne, D.L.19M. Primary and secondary settlement in Myti'us edulls (L.) (hiollusca). Journal of Animal Ecology 33:513-523. Bayne, D.L.1965. Growth and delay of metamorphosis of the larvae of Mytllus rdulu (L.). Ophella 2:1-47. Boesch, D.P.1977. Application of numerical class 10 cation in ecological investigations of wates pollution. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, EPA Report 600/3 77 033.114 pp. Boston Edison Co 1986. hiarine Ecology Studies related to the operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 27. Boston, hiA. Boston Edison Co.1987 biarine Ecology Studies related to the operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi. Annual Report No. 30. Boston, MA. Boston Edison Co. 1988. hiarine Ecology Studies related to the operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 32. Boston, h1A. Boston Edison Co.1990. hiarine Ecology Studies related to the operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 35. Boston, MA. Davis, J.D. and R.A. hicGrath.1984. Some aspects of nearshore benthic macrofauna in western Cape Cod Bay. In Davis, J.D. and D. Merriman (Ed.), Observations on the Ecology and Biology of Western Cape Cod Bay, Massachusetts. Lecture Notes on Coastal and Estuarine Studies. Springer Verlag, New York,228 pp. Grassie, J.F., and W. Smith.1976. A similarity measure sensitive to the contribution of rare species and its use in investigation of variation in marine benthic communities. Oecologia 25: 13 22. Grieg Smith, P.1964. Quantitative Plant Ecology. Second Edition, Butterworths, Washington. 256 pp. Ilurlbert, S.II.1971. The nonconcept of species diversity: a critique and alternative parameters. Ecology 52: 577 586. Newell, R.D.1979. Biology of Intertidal Animals. Marine Ecological Surveys Ltd.,Faversham, Kent. 781 pp. Parke, M., and P. Dhon.1976. Checklist of the British marine algae. 3rd revision. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 56: 817 843. 35

--~.- ~ -.. _. _ - - - -. - -. Smith, W., and J.F. Grassle > 777. Sampling properties of a family of diversity measures. !!!ometrics 33: 283 292. South, G.R.- 1976. A chectilst of marine algae of eastern Canada.1st Revision, Journal of the Marine Biolog.

• Association of the United Kingdom 56: 817 843.

Taylor, W.R.1957. Marine Algae of the Northeastern Coast of Nonh America. 2nd Edition. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI. 590 pp. Taxon.1982. Brithic studies in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station. In: Marine Ecolegy Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi Armual Report No.19. 1 i f 36

) APPENDIX A i 1 l l a i i l l l l I l I l I l \\ l l I f 37 l

l ) APPENDIX A. LIST OF SPECIES IDl!NTIFIED AT TilH ITFLUENT, MANOMITP POINT, AND ROCKY POINT STATIONS IN 1990/1991 (*: l' RESENT IN $PRING 1991) Smaller Phyla Nereididae

• Nerels pelagica CNIDARIA
• Nerels succinea bietridium senile Nerels zonata
• Anemone
• Nerels tpp. Juv.

PLATYllELMINTilES Orbiniidae

• Turbellarla
• Nalneris quadricuspida f

NEMERTEA Pectinariidae

• Cerebratulus factrus Pectinaria granulata i
• Nemertea
• Tetrastemma vittaten Pholoidac
• Pholoe minuta SIPUNCULOIDEA Phyllodocidae Annelida
• Eteone longa
• Eulalla viridis
• 0LlGOC11AETA Eumida sanguinea
• Phyllodoce (Analtides) maculata POLYCilAETA Arapharetidae Polygordlidae
• AMell des ocula:a
• Polygordlus sp.1 Atenicolidae Polynoldae

'Arenicola marina llannothoe extenuata

• llannothoe Imbricata Canitellidae llannathoe spp. Juv.
• Capitella capitata Harnwthoe spp. indet.

Afedlomastut callforniensis Wpidonotus squamatus hiediomastus spp. Indet. Sabellariidae Citratulldae Sabellaria vulgaris Caulleriella bloculata Chaeto:one setosa Sabellidae

• Chaeto:one sp.1
• Fabricia sabella Chaeto:one spp. juv.
• Potamilla neglecta
• Cirratulus cirratus Potamilla renyonnis
• Dodecacerla corallil Sabellidae spp, indet.

Nephtyidae Sigallonidae

• Nephrys caeca Sthenelais boa
• Nephtvs longosetosa
• Nephrys picta A1

_ ~ -. P I Spionidae Calilopidae I

• Polydora cornuta
• Callioplus laevlusculus
• 1%lydora giardi
• Polydora socialis Cotophiidae
• Polydora urbsterl
• Corophium acutwn Po!ydora spp. Indet,
• Corophlwn b<meill Ptlonosplo steenstrup!
• Corophium insidiosum Splojllicortds Corophium tuberculatwn Splo thulini Corophium spp. Indet.

Spionidae tpp. Juv. Corophium spp Juv. Syllidae Dexaminidae

• Autolytus alexandri
• Dexamine thea Autolytusfasciatus Autolytus prismaticus Gammaridae Autolytus spp. juv.

Gamarellus angulosus

• Exogone hebes Gammarus oceanicus
• Syllis flyposyllis) cf. hyallna Gammarus sp.
• hfarinogammarus stoerensis Terebellidae Gammaridae spp. Indet.

Amphitritinae spp. juv. Nicolea wnustula lschyroceridae

• Nicolea zosteticola
• lschyrocerus angulpes
• Polycirrus eximius
• )assafalcata
• Polycirrus phosphorrus Polycirrus spp, indet.

Phoxocephalidae i Polycirrus spp. Juv.

• Phosocephalus olbolli Castacca Pleustidae
• Pleusymtes };taber ISOPODA idoteidae -

Pontogenelidae

• 1dotea phosphorea
• Pontogenela inermis
• 1dotea halthica Stenothoidae 3anlridae bietopella angusta
• Jarra marina
• Proboloides holmesi Limnoridae CAPRELLIDEA
• llmnoria lignorwn Caprellidae
• Caprella linearls AMP)iiPODA
• Caprella penantis

- Ampitholdae Caprella nr. septentrionalis

• Ampithoe rubricata
• Caprella unica Caprellidae spp. juv.

Aoridae

• Unciola irrorata CUMACEA
• Diastylls sculpta A2

.~..

) DECAPODA Littorinidae l

• Cancer borealis
• Littorina littorra Cancer Irroratus Littorina satatills
• Carcinus maenas
• Eualus puslolus Nassarlidae
• Pagurus acadianus
• Nassarius trhIttatus l

Pagurus sp. Naticidae hic 11usu

• Lunaria heros GASTROPODA Omalogyridae Acmaeldae
• 0malogyra atomus Acmara testudinalis Pyramidellidae Acolldlldae
• 0Jostomla dealbata Aeolidia papillosa OJostomia gibbasa Doto coronata
• harbonilla elegantula Calyptracidae Rissoidae Crepidulafornicata
• Ahunia pseudoarrolata
• Crepidula plana
• 0noba aculea Cerithlidae Trochidae Blttlum alternatum Afargarites helicinus
• blargarites umbilicalls Columbellidae
• Anachis translitata Gastropoda spp. Indet.
• biltrella lunata Gastropoda spp. Juv.

Nudibranch spp. Indet. Coryphellidae

• CoryphcIla rqfibranchiata UIVALVIA
• Coryphella salmonacea Anomildae Cratenidae
• Anomia simples Cratena pilata
• Anomia squamula Diaphanidae Cardildae
• Diaphana minuta
• CerastoJerma pinnulatum Facelinidae lilatellidae Facelina bostoniensis
• Hiatella arctica
• Hlatella striata Lacunidae
• Lacuna vincta Lyonsildae
• Lyonsta hyalina Lamellidorididae

%mellidorls aspera Mactridac Spisula solidissima A3

( Myldne Iv11kata blya arenaria POLYCLINIDAE Mytllldat Amaroucium constellaisen biodlotus modiolus s

• blytilus edults MOLGULIDAB
• hfolgula sp.

Petrico11dae

• Petricola pholadiformis Tellinidae
• hiacoma balthica
• hiacoma tenta
• Tellina agills Thraclidae Thracia septentrionalis Venetidae Gemma gemma
• hiercenaria mercenaria 111valvia spp. Indet.

POLYPLACOPHORA !spidochiton ruber

• lschnochiton ruber t

Ectiivdennata ASTEROIDEA

• Asteriasforbesi
• Henricia sanguinolenta ECHINOIDEA
• Strongylocentrotus droebachicnsis OPHlUROIDEA
• Amphlpholls squamata
• 0phlopholls aculeata A-4 l

1

l 1 l ICHTilYOPLA!ETON ENTRAINMI:NT MONITORING AT PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION JANUARY - JUNE 1991 Submitted to Boston Edison Company Boston, Massachusetts by Marino Research, Inc. Falmouth, Massachusetts l October 1, 1991 A r -em. e+ 4-,%-e-ev,-.m.m..--.. ~. -.-.. ---. ce[.~......-u-w-+..e ...,.r.. .,_.-.-sm--we,..-.,----..,.-rme.-,me-*- ,~,5--r4-.a.--ww, r,_ er v e.- +er+--

i IAllLE or cgHII;HIS 1 _sEcTIon EAnt I

SUMMARY

1 i II INTRODUCTION 2 ) III METil0DS AND MATERIALS 3 IV RESULTS 7 APPENDIX A* Densities of fish eggs and larvao per 100 m8 of water recorded in the PNPS discharge canal by species, dato, and replicato, January-June 1991. APPENDIX B Hoan monthly densities and range por In0 m8 of water for the dominant speciou of fish-oggs and larvao entrained at i PNPS, January-June 1975-1991. l

• Available upon request.

LIST OF FIGURES J.lGURE 1 Entrainment sampling station in PNPS dischargo canal. 4 2 Location of entrainment contingency plan sampling stations. 6 LIST OF TABLES TABLE l' Species of fish eggs (E) and larvae (L) obtained in ichthyoplankton collections from the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station discharge canal, January-June 1991. 8 -i

I SECTION 1

SUMMARY

1:ntrainment sampling at PHPS was completed twice por month 1 during January and February, weekly during March through May. i Sampling was possible on only two occasions in June due to circulating water system shutdown. During t.h first six months of 1991, 28 species were repro-sented in the entrainment sampics at PNPS, 16 species by eggs, 24 species by larvac. Samples from the wintor-early spring epawning period (January-April) contained small numbers of Atlantic cod, American plaico, and wintor flounder eggs. Rock gunnel, grubby, and sand lance were numerically dominant among the larvae. Hay and June coller:tions reficcted the lato spring-summor spawners. Atlantic mackerel and the labrids were dominant among the eggs and radiated shanny, Atlantic mackerel, Winter flounder, and cunner were dominant among the larvac. Comparison of January-June 1991 ngg and larval densities with those observed from 1975-1990 suggested that Atlantic cod eggs were absent in February f or the fourth consecutivo year. Fourboard rockling and labrid eggs were uncommon in June 1991 ranking below all other years for that month. Eggs and larvae found to be relatively abundant during the first half of 1991 wero Atlantic n.ackerel eggs in Juno, rock gunnel and sculpin larvac in February. No densities meeting the unusually high critorion established under the contingency sampling plan were noted from January-June 1991 and no larval lobsters were obtained. 1

..... - -... -. - - - -.. _. _ - - - -. -. -. -. -. ~. - - - -. - - - . - - - -. ~ ~ ~ _ SECTION 11 i INTRODUCTION i This progress report briefly summarizes results of ichthyo-plankton entrainment sampling conducted at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.(PHPS) from January through June 1991 by Marino 5

Research, Inc.

(MR4) for Soston Edison Company (BEco) under e Purchase Order No. 68006. A more tiotalled annual report covoring e l all 1991 data will be prepared following the July-December collection periods. .i [ b l e l l ~ 2 e

_. ~. _. - _ _ ________m__ SECTION III METilODS AND MATERIALS l Entrainment sampling at PNPS was completed twice per month 4 during Jalauary and February, weekly during March through May. Although weekly sampling was scheduled for June, PNPS began a refueling outage in May which resulted in both circulating water i system (CWS) pumps being out of service for much of June; samples were obtained on two occasions. From January through April san) ting was completed with both CWS pumps in service. During May and June only one CWS pump was available on sampling days. All samples were collected in triplicate from rigging mounted approx 1-mately 30 meters from the headwall of the discharge canal (Figure

1) at low tido during daylight hours.

A 0.333-mm mesh, 60-cm diamotor plankton not affixed to this rigging was streamed in the canal fcr 8 to J2 minutes depending on the abundance of plankton and detritus. In each case, a minimum of 100 m8 of water was sampled. Exact filtration volumes were calculated using a General-Oceanics Model 2030R digital flowmeter mounted in the mouth of the

not, All samples were preserved in 10% formalin-seawater solutions and returned to the laboratory for microscopic examination.

A detailed description of the analytical-procedures appears in MRI -(1988) 8 ' Marine Research, Inc, 1988. Ichthyoplankton Entrainment Monitoring at P.lgrim Nuclear Power Station, January-December 1987. III.C.1 6-10. IN: Marine !!.: ology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 11. Boston Edison Company. 3 ..-.a--- a--.

i l CAPE COO BAY t@r.. !dt,<, My,% ' ,hyen ' t h;. , N..,.9... ~ *h}.. 015CHAnct CANAL .,/ . em eatDGE a

C

1. N 7 U

4xc D, $ O ASIN Ak HEAD *ALL UNtT 1 INTAKE PNPS e ICHTHYOPLANKTON uutt t STATION i ion ucTcas Figure 1. Entrainment sampling station in PNPS discharEe canal. 4

6 When the Cape Cod Bay ichthyoplankton study was completed in contingency sampling plan was added to the entrainment 1976, a monitoring program. This plan was designed to be implemented if eggs or larvae of any dominant species proved to be " unusually abundant" in the PNPS discharge samples. The goal of this sampling plan was to determine whether circumstances in the vicinity of Rocky Point, attributable to PNPS operation, were causing an abnormally large percentage of ichthyoplankton populations there to be entrained or, altern2tively, whether high entrainment levels simply were a reflection of unusually high population levels in Cape -Cod Bay. " Unusually abundant" was defined as any mean density, calculated over three replicates, which was found to be 50% greater than the highest mean density observed during the same month from 1975 through 1990. The contingency sampling plan consists of taking additional sets of triplicates from the PNPS discharge on subsequent dates to i monitor the temporal extent of the unusual density. An optional offshore sampling regime was also established to study the spatial distribution of the species in quastion.' The of fshore contingency program consists of single, oblique tows at each of 13 stations-(rigure 2) on both rising and falling tides for a total of 26 samples. Any contingency sampling requires authorization from Boston Edison Company. 'The impact of any large entralment density would be greater 11 ichthyo-plankton densities were particularly high only close to shore near PNPS. 5 F

5.

, ; "

O .go C.13 3.M.7::9., l ). '. O O ovalvav c~11 c.u i.. ::: % 4.%. y.e y F=<.: ,.y ,y,,,-., e n - O c.10 C4 O.*

• k.

{ f.. I $g o O ) i o c c4 c4 \\ e g,ng em" x.a >= ** .n o. - O c4 \\ O 'C ,$vuouw / o'y\\t**' ca e .+ / ,b . \\.- N... O , N () 6'w c.t v

• Iy}q 'x..w..t s
• \\

',,':gg. 7 r ,b s If"., s 1 -3. g $9 \\s; s /, y. p- '\\,. 3\\ 4 Fi ure 2. Location of entraineent contingency plan sampling stations, E C-1 through C '3. 6

SECTION IV RESULTS Population densitios per 100 m8 of water for each species listed by date, station, and replicato are presented for the January-June 1991 period in Appendix A (available upon request). The occurrence of eggs and larvae of each species by month appears in Table 1. Ichthyoplankton entrained during January through April L generally represent winter-early spring spawning fishes. The number of species represented in the discharge collections was five 4 in January, increasing to eight in February, twelvo in March, and fifteen in April. Eggs were relatively uncommon since species contributing most to entrainment during this period spawn demersal, s adheFive eggs Which are not generally subject to entrainment. They were in fact absent from the January and February collections. March samplos contained small numbers of Atlantic cod (Gadus norhua), American plaice (liippoglossoides platessoldg.n), and wintor flounder (Pleuronectas americanus) eggs. Monthly mean densities amounted to 0.3 per 100 m8 for both cod and plaico, 0.1 por 100 m8 1 for floundca. tince , ey are damersal and adhesive, winter flounder e99c are not typically entrained at PNPS. Their numbers in PNPS sample; are therefore not considered representative of numbers in t '.le surrounding area. Those that were taken were probably dislodged from the bottom by currents or perhaps other fish. 7

?- I i I Table 1. ' Species of fish eggs (E) and larvae (L) obtained in ichthyoplankton collec-l tions. f rom the Pilgrim Nuclear Fower Station discharge canal, January-June, l t 1991. i i, ' Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May June 1 Atlantic, menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus E E/L Atlantic herring Clupea harenoug L L L L L { Fourbeard rockling Enchelvoous cimbrius E E/L E/L l i Atlantic cod GaduL morhua E E/L E/L L . t E ] Silver hake Merlue;ius hilinearis i Pollock' Pollachius virens L L L E j Hake Urophycis spp. Goosefish ,Lophius americanus F E E [ OS L E/L l Silversides Menidia spp. t i L j j Northern pipefish Synonathus fuscus E l j' Searobins _Prionotus spp. i Grubby MyoxoceDhalus aenaeus L L E/L L ^ 1-Longhorn sculpin M. octodecemspinosus L L L Shorthorn sculpin. M. scoroius L L L L j Seasnail Liparis atlanticus L L L L [ ] Gulf snailfish L. ccheni L L E E { i. Wrasses Labridae L L f Tautog Tautoaa onitis I L L j } Cunner Tautocolabrus adspersus { j Radiated shanny-Ulvaria subbifurcata L L L L } Rock gunnel Pholis cunnellus L L-L L I i 1 -]

Table 1 (continued). Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Wrymoul.1 Cryptacanthodes maculatus L Sand lance brag vtes sp. L L L L L Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus E/L E/L Windowpane Sccchti.almus acuosus E E E/L Witch flounder Glvrtoceph31us cynoglossus E E/L American plaice Hippoclossoides platessoides E E/L E/L L Yellowtail flounder Pleuronectes ferrugineus E E E/L Winter flounder P. americanus E/L E/L E/L L e l I,

The numbar of species represented by larvae generally increased with time during the winter-early spring period; five species were taken in January, eight were taken in February, ten were taken in March, followed by eleven in April. Numerical dominants included the rock gunnel (Pholis gunnellus), grubby (Myoxoccohalun aenaeus_), and sand lance (Ammodytes sp.). Rock gunnel represented 63% of the January total, 60% of the l'ebruary total, 30% of the March total, and 8% of the April total with monthly mean densities of 2, 46, 20, and 6 per 100 m* of water, respectively. Grubby did not appear in the collections until February when they accounted for 12% of the catch with a monthly mean density of 9 per 100 m'. Grubby. densities peaked in March with a mean density of 39 larvae per 100 m8 accounting for 59% of the month's catch. They declined to 13 per 100 m2 in April with a percent contribution of 19. Larval sand lance accounted for 2% of all larvae in January, 1% in February, 8% in March, and 55% in April; monthly mean densities were 0.1, 0.7, 5, and 38 per 100 m', respectively. May and June collectSns (along with July) consist of late spring-summer spawning species. May collections contained 20 species, June collections 19. Among these, 11 and 12 species were represented by eggs during the two respective months. Numerical domi.iants were Atlantic mackerel (Egomber scombrus) and the

labrids, Mackerel eggs accounted for 56% of the May total and 42%

of the June total with monthly mean densities _of 538 and 473 per 100 m*, recpectively. Labrid eggs, along with the labrid-10

pleuronentsn-group, which they dominato during late-spring and contributed an additional 33% of the eggs in May and 54% in summer June. Monthly mean densities were 321 por 100 m8 in May, 607 per 100 m8 in June. May and June larval collections contained 15 species each with radiated shanny (Ulvaria aghbifurcata), Atlantic mackorol, Winter flounder, and cunnor (Inittogalabrus adspernus) being numerically dominant. Radiated shanny contributed 33% of the larvae in May --dropping to 1% in June; monthly mean densitics woro 19 and 2 por 100 m 8, respectively. Mackerel larvae accounted for an additional 12%-of the May' total with a monthly mean of 7 per 100 m8, jumping -to 86% in June with a monthly mean of 200 per 100 m8 Larval winter flounder contr.ibuted 30% of total in May with a monthly mean of 16 per 100 m*, declining to 1% in June with a mean of 2 por 100 m8 Cunner first-appeared the last week in May accounting f or 0.5% of the month's total with a mean density of 0.3 per 100 m8 In June they contributed 7% of total with a monthly mean of 17 per 100 m8 Appendix B lists mean monthly densities for each of the numerical dominants collected over the January-June period dating back to 1975. A general review of the data through the first six months of 1993 suggests that month by month egg and larval densities were within the range of monthly mean densities observed over the - past 16 years. However the following exceptions were noted: 11 _.. _... _ _. - -. _. _ _.. _ _ _ _ -. _.. _ ~. _ _. - _. _. _. -. _.. _. _.. _. _. _ _ _. _ _...,.... _., _,.

t 1. Atlantic cod eggs were absent in February for the fourth consecutivo year. Prior to 1988 they were taken every year in February although not in high numbers. 2. Atlantic mackerel eggs have been abundant in June during the previous three seasons. In June 1991 (473 per 100 m8) their numbers declined compared with 1988 (2220 per 100 m8), 1989 (1013 per 100 m8), and 1990 (2081 per 100 m ); however 8 densities continued to rank well ahead of 1975-1987 when means ranged from 5 (1976) to 277 (1986) per 100 m8 Mackerel larvae were also relatively common in May (6.6 per 100 m8 ) and June (200 por 100 m8) 1991. May's mean density surpassed all previous May values, 1979 being the previous high with 6.1 larvae per 100 m8 June's density ranked second, exceeded only by the 1981 value of 318 per 100 m8 3. In contrast fourbeard rockling eggs (combined with the Enchelv_gpng-Urochycis-Peprilus group), and labrid. eggs were uncommon in June 1991. With a mean density of 9 per 100 m* r for rockling and the labrids respectively, 1 8 and 607 cor 100 m 1991 values ranked below all previous years. The previous low for rockling was 16 por 100 m8 in 1982 and for labrids it was 733 per 100 m8 in 1980. Rock gunnel and sculpin larvae were abundant in February. - For 4. f rock gunnel February 1991 (46 per 100 m8) ranked ahead of all previous FebruLry values, 1985 showing the previous high with a mean density of 25 per 100 m8 For sculpin a mean density of 30 per 100 m8 February 1991 exceeded all previous February 12 -<,_,,.,..%.,..-m.w-, ,-...,.,,.._%..e, m,-m y %.m.,_,,_.-.y..__,,_,,.-,_.,,-7_mm_._,.c..--.,m,. .,,,... ~. _, _. - - -,.

periods except 1988 with 41 per 100 m8 Interestingly, in both those years shorthorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus scornillfi) accounted for most of the sculpin larvae taken during Febru-1 ary. In all other years they were uncommon or absent. l i Although several of the above monthly mean densitiec exceeded all other monthly means, no densities meeting the unusually high definition of the contingency - sampling program were encountered during the January through June period of 1991. No larval lobsters were found through June. i ^ 13

-. ~ =. _ - _.. ....-.__c l APPENDIX A*. Densities of fish eggs and larvae per 100 m8 of water recorded in the PNPS discharge-canal by species, date, and replicate, January-June 1991.

• Available upon request.

l

1 AppsndixJ1 8 of Mean monthly densities and range per 100 m water for the dominant specios of fish eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS, January-Jrne 1975-1991. Some standardization of data sets was required to adjust for changes in the sampling program which have occurred over the years; Only 0.333-mm besh not data were used in those cases (1975) 1. when field sampling was carried out using both 0.333 and n.505 mesh nets. 2. When, as in 197f. und 1977, 24-hour sampling series were conducted, the samples taken nearest the time of daylight low tidc ' 're selected f or comparison since this conforms to the rout 'accification 1or the time of entrainment sampling use - :... a, subsequent years. 3. For the - me reason only daylight low tido data were used when,2. 1975, samples were also taken at high tide and/or at night. { 4. Cod and pollock egg densities were summed to make up the category " gadidae" since these eggs were not distinguished prior to 1 '6. In January and February when witch flounder do not spa' il three egg stages are included in this category. Durino '% emaining months early-stage eggs are included with the gadidae-Glyptocephalus group. 5. Beginning in April when the Enchelvopus-Uronhycis-Penr11us grouping became necessary, the listing for Enchelyonus 1

ginbrius includes only late-stage eggs, the two early stages being included with the grouped eggs. 6. Sinue the Brosme-Hg.gynber grouping was not considered necessary af ter 1983, grouped eggs were added to S. scombrus eggs in the table for 1975-1983 (B. broame eggs having always been rare). 7. Sculpin larvae were identified tu species beginninj in 1979 following Khan (1971)." They are shown by species beginning with that year as well as added together (Mvoxocephalus spp.) for comparison with prior years. 8. Similar results are shown for seasnail larvae which were not speciated prior to 1981. 9. Although samples were in fact taken once in April 1976 and once in March and August 1977, comparisons with other years when sampling was weekly are not valid and consequently do not appear in the table. Data collected'in 1974 was not included because samples were not collected at low tide in all cases.

10. - When extra sampling series were required under the contingency sampling regime, results were included in calculating monthly mean densities.

11. Shaded columns for certain months in 1984 and 1987 delineate periods when sampling was conducted with only salt service water pumps in operation. Table format: Mean Range

• Khan, N.Y.

1971. Comparative morphology and ecology of the pelagic larvae of nine cottidae (Pisces) on the northwest Atlantic and St. Lawrence drainage. Ph.D. thesis, University of Ottawa. 234p. 2

i-Janudry .LQQs 1975 19 4, 14774 1978 '1979 inw iwi 19s2 10 0 Ilrevtxtrtia fyranne 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i l~nrhelvons-l'rechyt w-hPIlha I:nchelvonus cahn" M-0 0 0 0 0 0

04) t>

l'rephym spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadsdae-Givotorenbalus + bd/jfddC' N (Q (M) ($ (M) d) 0 0-1 04).7 0-5 0.M. 19 0-1 {itta morbua U U 19 M M 0 047 0-S 0.M. l.9 0-1 Polbchius y,gt.gn. O M U 0 0 0 0-04 14bndac-19euronertes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lahndae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Stomtxt scomfitus 0 0 .) 0 0 0 0 Prionotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l'arahchthvs-Sctichthalmus 0-0 0 0. 0 0 0 htvwloivendes 0 0 0 0 M 0 O platruoides 0-04 lotal fL6 M-U M -M .. M 0 0-1 0-07 U-$ 034 1-9 0-1 'Regy f*nts Q arghs and l'. h eggs m all stages. "Repicents all three egg stages, January through Apnl. + No sampbng, 3

~ a -.... ~... -. ~... - l Januitiv 1.GOs ' P8b4 19 0 10 % 1981 19 % 19s9 1<rsj 1991 lirevoortid tyrannus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l'nchelvonuvl'rephyns. l'epritm 1.nthelvopm amtwim" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (d;gg spp. Gadidac-G!vrtocenhalus Gadidae' (Q,1) 0 (QM (Ql) 0 0 0 0-2 0.42 01 0-2 Gadus morbua Q_4{ 0 M QJ 0 0 M 0 0-2 0-2 0.6-2 01 lbilAhita yggm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l abrutae-l'icuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ' latwidae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kmter 6comtrin 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0' O O O O O lYionotus spgi J'arahrhlbn-%nhthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lliptwwtoiwwies EletM2tij%1 Total Q,.1 0 h Q,2 OJ 0 pft 0 0-2 0.42 0-1 0-1 0-2 l 'Reprewnts (i nmrhtu and l'. Eggm egp m all stages. " Represents all three egg stages, January through April. 4

i l l'etnary i I G(i% 1975 1976 + 1977+ 1975 1979 1We 19%i 1952 19 9 lirevoortia tyrann% 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I nebelvorund rephyns-DElb2 Lnchehmus amims" 0 o o o o o o UrtTbyns spp 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 OddedaC-G h'D1(X c fbluh Gadside' M ($ (b) (b) (L1) (!L1) (f)(1) 04 0-5 b,3 04-3 0-2 04a 0- 1 L4. lfa Lf; L1 M M Gadtn Im2tha,1 04 D-3 04-3 42 0-06 0-1 l'othichts m M 0 0 0 0 0 0-5 1 abndae.11curonectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l ahndae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ScomNr wombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l'rvetus spp, D D 0 0 0 0 h l'arabchthys-Wr>hthalmos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ll:Prtr!oissovir < 0 M Q.1 M O O M platessonics 0-0 h O-03 0-06 0-1 'I olal 1,1! M M Lh 11 [L1 fitt 0-3 (L5 0-3 UA3 LLl3 0-06 0.5-2 ' Represents Q morhua and l'. virens eggs in all stages. "Repres,enu all three egg stages, January through Apn! + No sampling. 5

_.___.m._..._ _. - a l et'rtktfY 1 GG% 1954 loss 19 % 1957 tow 19%9 Iwo IW1 lirevtxwtia tyranntri 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1:nchelvonus4 rephytti 3 lYprilts l'nchelvoous rimtvrms" D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Umphytn app, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadidac4Vvouw erhalm r Gadidac' (W (EO (M) (M) 0 0 0 0 0-3 0-3 0-1 01 Gigha morhtm Li M M M U 0 0 0 0-3 0-3 0-1 0- 1 Pu!!achius e. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 latwidac l'leuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 (1 0 14trulac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 komter vembrm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Priowtus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Parahchthn&onhthalmus. 0 0 0 () 0 0 0 0 llimtoiwndes M 9 0 0 M 0 0 0 platessobles 0-2 0-1 'Iotal 2JQ LQ M M .M M 0 0 0-4 0-3 0-1 0-1 0-1 0-1 ' Represents Q morhua and E m eggs in all stages. " Represents all three egg stages. Jantiary through April. 6

l l Mmh I00$ 14'$ 1976 + 19 77 + 4 1975 1479 1%fi 1%1 1%2 14%) llf;3;ggg r 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1.tnhrhopodghm-EEEnhEt i nrhetwnus mium" 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O O O O O O O l forhycts spp. s Gadidac-U!vrta rt hahn M U M M 0 0 Ofg D-2 0-3 tb32 0-2 0-3 04dedac

• M (M)

(M) (M) (M) (M) (M) 0-3 1Al 0-1 0-1 09 0-2 0.6-24 Ed1b moth M M M M M M M 0-1 0- 1 (F1 0-9 02 0,6-24 Pt41as hm sm 0 0 0 0 0 0 Imbndae l'leuronectes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Labridac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 komber ammbeus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 thonotus spp. Parahchthn-Scorhtra!mos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lliptvrknwmies M M U M U 0 M p!atew mtes 0- 1 0-4 b-7 0- 1 0-14 0.5-17 1 0141 M D C L2 O 1.3 112 0 8-41 0-5 0.4-35 0-12 0.5-20 b9 2-50 ' Represents late-stage Q morhua and E. vm eggs. " Represents all three egg stages. January through Apnl + No umphng + + One samphng penal only. 7

. ~. Mill iOOS 1954 1%5 10k6 1%7 1%$ 19S9 1990 1991 - l\\rrytortia tiritntim 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I nchelvimu&Urochuw Itenhis 1.nchelvoons nmbrius" 0 0 0 0 M 0 0 0 0-1 l'rtThycis spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Gadsdac-Gfvt.torcoh6 M U 0 M M M 0 M 0-2 02 02 0- 1 0-1 Oadulae* (h) -(M) (M) (llj) (M) (M) 0 (M) 0-11 0-2 0-2 D/g 0-1 0-1 0-1 Gados morhua 24 M M Q,3 M M 0 M 0-11 lb2 (k2 0-2 0-1 0-1 (L1 full,Lc.!! Elk Hrtns 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 labndae CloroMctes 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 latirtdae 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber hmmbrm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 k ltonntus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o l'arabchthys->rochthalmus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lierrwxloiwoides M M 0 0 Qi 0 0 Q niatewotdes 0-22 0-1 0-1 0-2 'l otal 23 .M M 49 0 94 Q3 0 Q1 0.7-30 09 0-34 1219 0-81 0-2 0 ' Represents late-stage Q mothua and R. m eggs. "Repreunts all three egg stages, Janiary.augh Apnl { t I I

-~. - _. ~......... .-._...s- _ _ - ~... - . _. ~. -. -.. - I 5 OPId j jJJO9 1975 19% + 1977 1978 1979 19%0 h ki 19 0 198) Ilrevmrtia lym 0 D 'O-0 0 0 0 0 1 ' lyhelvopus l'rephynw Pepnha l'.nchelvnnus rimtns" 23 M M M M 0 -M d. 0-10 0-1 0-1 0-2 0-4 0-2 0-2 L rephan spp. O M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.M Gadidae-Givotixe nhalus M M i.[ M M 0 0 M 0-5 0-2 2-14 0.h-12 0-7 03 Gadadae* 2,3 (M) (M) (L1) (M) (M) (M) (2,f) 06 0-3 0 4-14 OJ 0-4 0-3 0-3 Of M M 1h M {Li Q.2 is QMutmothuu 0-3 0 5-14 0-3 04 c.3 ea 0-2 1%Itachon virens 0 0 M3 0 0 0 0 (M).6 14brWe-Egg *Igrynga O 2fi 11,1 M 0 0 0 0 0 18 0-7 0-2h 0 2h 12tmdae O M M M 0 0 0 0 0-0.9 0-3 0-1 Scumtvr scombnm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pnorotus spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Paratichthys-Scorhthalmus M 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0-0.7 limmiotwii.ies 14 2 M 2M 1$3 U if) M 23 riatessnties 0-41 0-9 0 S-79 0 49 1 18 45 0-1 0-6 Total M E {Q1 M 2M IM M M l-84 1-18 h.114 4-546 0-29 0 77 0 42 0.7 19 ' Represents late-stage Q mothua and E. EurJn eggs. " Represents all three egg stages, January through Apn!, + One samphng period only 9

AI19 l LQQS ' 19M 'i 1995 19 % 19874 198L 1989 1990 1991 h.0/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 hrevoortia tyroDros W L. l'nchelvcouel'ItThytte gjd h pnlus if, ?', Efrj ' pjW Enchelvcous timhnus" M 1.0 d.} M Q.2 1.4 12 6 M. ' 0-6 v.14 0-10 0-6 0 28 0-16 L'I2ntyni spp. 0[. 0 0 0 0 0 0 -mq., IR 7. * %,y 0 0 Q.1 Q.1 0 Q,1 Gadidac-OlvrtocechrJus ($ po.3g! 0-1 01 0-1 NS Gadadac' 'I(LQ)) (11) (Q.1) (2.1) (Q.k) (Q.D (11) ,$0 5 04 03 07 03 0-1 05 Oggtmothug ( LQ'. 1.1 g.: 2.2 Q& Q1 1.1 PO5; 04 0-3 07 03 0-1 0-5 Pallachius Igtn} kQh Q1 0 0 0 0 0 047 Latindae-Pleuronectes '%ff ' O '. 0 0 0 Q1 0 0 0-10 ' (0, o u o o 0 0 Labndae [.'k h([, dk 0 0 0 0 0 0 Scomber scomtvus ,. )h. ,.w, hionotua spp, %Q" 0 0 0 0 0 0 I ?j' b ~/6 Di' 0 0.2 0 0 0 0 } soy; bgalichthys-Semhthnimus 02 gyA i lbm,eloissoides t Qj 1.9 0; }] 1* M 39 etatessodes !L511-0-12 0-1 0-14 09 0-7 0-16 .A ' : 6-. i'~..i lota! [1LQ 12.1 21 11,1 bl G 1QJ 5 16 0-25 0-21 L29 0-27 1 28 2-51

• Represents late stage Q. morhua and E. virtris eggs.

" Represents all three egg stages.Janusy through Apnl. + Pumps down no sampling, to

su ITiOS 197%

147t, 1977 19 %

14'9 1980 14sl 1982 los) fireytertia tyI;ugun 0 0 0 0 0 Q1 0 0 0 D-1 l'nchelvome.4'rephytth-M 1M IM M 11 M 7J 1,{ Q h erihn 0-30 0 72 5-22 2-125 o r,-34 4-14 1 19 1.h 3-14 1:nchelvonus ctmbru ZM 2Lh - laa UL9 M iM IM Q,f2 lla b-70 0-91 ' 0-32 0-37 0-15 10-73 0-55 0-2 0-59 t rottycu spp. 0 0 .(Li 0 0 0 Q1 0 Ql 0-3 0-1 0-0.5 Gadidac O!vrtacchdha 19 M 2.,1 M l1 M Q1 (LI d,Q 0-2 04 0-11 0-14 0-5 04 0-2 0-2 0 18 Gadadae' M (11) (C) (9,1) (111 (M) (21) (1LL) (Qi) 0-3 ()-4 03 0-61 05 0-4 0-3 0-0 S 0-3 M M 24 13 M (Lh Q,1 Q1 QMm merbua 0-4 0-3 041 0.5 b-4 0-3 0-0 h (L3 O O O o 0 0 0 0 Pollachms utsm i labrWac-l'leuronectes lil,$ 11!Q 21 rih 14414 1(21,9 j!)CifQ 21,1 M 1Q,2 2-124% 5 23 3-1240 3-11809 n9475 5-9331 2-94 4 248 0-209 .14todae Q.} 0 hk 20,$ LL 114.0 31 M Dj U-2 0-55 0-lb9 0-19 0-431 0-23 0.5 15 0-1 4,Q ih.h $U 2314 all. IfdL2 LLtti Vonder wombrus" M 3JQ J 0-8 0-11 0 104 0-30h U 2 355 57421 0-195 2-705 0-424 lhonotus spgt QS] O O O O O O O 9 0-0.5 l'a ralichthis-Se nnht hatmm 1Q,1 . fd M }11 alS 31JJ C 11.2 21 044 0-19 2-32 0-lb9 0-76 747 0-64 0 43 0-27 limrodoissoides 20 M HS IM - {d -11,2 2.2 M M. . plateunides 09 9 0-16 0 79 0 11 0-51 0.5-16 07 0.5-9 21 2 1%3 2017h 10h 3 20!19 1511 11L2 _1!!1," lotal 111 . 35-126 31 1324 13-12428 45-9925 1-10314 29-368 40.425 10-524-12-1366 ' Represents late-stage O mortin and L*. virens cp "laciudes 1}Im,rng-Scomber, 1975-19S3. 11

= EOGs '19s4 1945 1950 1987 19 % 1939 1990 101 r i 0 0 0 0 W U u y{DJ Ikemortin inannus (f 41 04

• a s[

h,Q 112 itji 1M Z2,1 1123 kW $2d Enche!vecte l'nwtyns-0-95 3 lh9 1 66 0 131 2-b94 4 271 1 186

• 0 41,.,

Pernle Y,Yk,, ~ 3,i; yh 12.1 12 1 21,2 22.2 11h 2M {,04fg! Enchetwous cimt'rms 6 1 22 0 52 0 57 1 91 0-95 2 27 4-132 p%.Tts Urephycis spp. 80h$j M M . Q.1 0 L1 0 0 k%lGI 09 0-1 01 0-12 FUMI Ga&dac-Ghrtoctthalus $h.- LQ y,k M Q.2 Q.9 Q,2 2,2 .f(Mit. 0-3 0-5 0 13 02 0-4 0-3 0-17 4 ({L1) C (U,) M) (V.1) C (Lll Gadidae' li 0-2 0-2 04 0-1 0-2 03 0-4 1p,5 YW[f fl/ 21 2.2 0.1 Q.22d M Q.2 L3 [904fj Qa'hl1 m2r.!ual 1 0-2 0-2 03' 0-1 02 0-3 0-4 [f 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .0 Pollattues umni h; 3,-

h Mf g

$3Jg gg,2 IQ33 g93 9,,12 3gg Labndae heuronectes a0400 04622 2-225 0141 3424 01134 1426 1 1214 p. : fi k{!

,g M

M 22 3 L2 ly,g labndae i 04* 0 16 0-13 Of 0-23 0-19 0-16 048 hH )

• smeter smmt-rus" Qu!

asu nu au cu mu u2u nu 5-2uS71 30-236 0-125 0-11951 0-22910 1 11023 1 1781 ,t 0 44 m f q -5, PitOnotus $pp {k 0,ds Q,3 0 Q,1 0 0 0 0 W;/ 0-1 0-1 TU ;, iM r i 21fQ 22,3 M 2D J2,2 Ig,f }},2 Parabchthv5-SctThtha!m us I -. 0.,23 3-85 2-92 0 28 0-392 0 132 0 92 3-35 r I Iberecloissoides 2,1 Li U M QB 11 L2 2.2 riatnsoides 06-OM 0-2 04 0-0-14 04 0-6 i 4 221.h 1111 12h11 74920 16M.5 2k2J Total 19J' M "19-123 3b21505 75-513 21407 17 12625 32-35350 22-11593 30-3108 -i

• Represents late-stage Q ct2duig and E. nunt eggs-

" Includes ihame-homtxt. 1975-19 0 12

I + h!Li l'(KiS 1975 10 4 1977 1978 D79 14 % 19st' 1952 ItM Ilrevoortia tyrannm fjl 22 Q ll El. 111 13 11 Q1 0-2 01 0-3 0-9 0-2 0-N3 0-10 (A! ! 04 I nchelvonm l'rtphyrn-2hj 1M 213 213 23JQ ji2 DJ O 33 l'eptiltn Itr55 2 25 0 96 0-305 17-98 2 26 4434 (A LV 6-160 l'nchelvonus 1.1m1y.3 ldLQ 21/Q $12 1M 2Q 13 lb.i d 1LQ 1-76 9 90 5-114 0-33 245 2 51 7 34 0-23 0-39 L fCThirts YP-12 12 il il 122 U 23 13 21 06 0-2 0-15 0-14 0-27 4-5 0-56 06 0-6 Gadidac evntorenhalm L1 22 2J(t 11 M M 12 M Q.i 0-4 0-6 0-11 . 0-7 05 0-16 0-9 03 0-2 Gadidac' DJ (L1) (M) (2.!1) (11) (21) (12) (1L2) (Q1) 03 04 0-27 0-7 0-2 LA25 0-22 0-1 0-5 Gilds inorhmt 11 il 2Q Q.1 Sl dl E2 Q3 04 0-27 07 0-2 (A25 0-22 0-1 0-5 It!!xhnn nr.cm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l.ateidac-l'leuropIgin Zi}lQ L2'L2 S 12.1 D121 $2123 d.lf) 34'J77 lb'F.h f 478 7 h09-5501 147-2258 289-1970h 24 3M76 10M0-10505 24 4 1266 164 12537 276-t%8 5/-17914 14teridae U2.1 213 1L.3 2M 21L} 1Q13 1990 1111 189 7 0-294 7-249 2t-1181 0-262 50-774 13-191 h2-1492 75 238 14450 Scomber scombrin" 12D.] _ 12 $1D lil) 1hf0 in 1219 1312 lill 4 746 0h.19 6 199 0-360 441 0 100 3-1983 (M63 5-202 1%cnotm spp-0 0 Q1 Q1 Q1 lit 1.0 Dh 12 0-3 0-2 0-2 04 0-7 U-2 0-5 l'arahr hthys-Sconhthaimm 112 12l 23 1 111 0,2 22d til 112 ill 2 78 0-73 3-129 0 132 20-141 14-26 0,501 5-83 2-76 liinintomoides E2 Q1 21 Q3 Q2 123 13 0 Q3 niatewmtes 1 0-5 0-14 0-4 0-1 042 0-5 0-3 Total. 23.121 Mf_2 GL1 12311 56202 2111 d.!2Li 12211 '614 9 bl9-5718 342-2393 609-19425 22h-5917 1401 11522 414-1652 407-22226 420 4912 309-18628 ' ltepresents late-stage g rnorhua and l'. y,y,ym eggs. " Includes lttomthomkr,1975-1933. 13

. = - _ _ _ _ _ hlut e LOGS T ' 1984 1985 1956 1997 1255 1%9 1999 1941 e_a? Ikt?2.ER lyrannus MC LQ 2,1 M L'.Q US Q,2 1,Q ."0 51' 0-5 09 04 046 9 36 0-3 0-4 e,. i nchelyopus-Urettyns- ,Q, d Q 22,2 j 19 2 m C 3 hpn!us g4144 0 150 0-204 040 1 2 137 1542 2 114 1 15 ii;h -l $$'4 4f l

• M gg ;

y 3 y 3 1:nehelvoous etmtmur. RM,.l 31 ( 0 12 0 19 l223 3-52 4 196 11 93 044 D4 f(, (re;tvnsspp. 3M - M 4j g 3,1 y Q g D 6' 09 0 19 D 24 D-lO 12-51 0 32 0-2 d.4 x 1 Q,y 13 M ) g y g g,1 f2WM{N Gadidae G!vuoccoh.i!us 04 G 43 0-4 04 ; 05 o-2 0-3 0-1

9. n e

'hi_s@h (Q,;) (Q1) (M) (g) 0 (M) 0 h } g[) Gadidae' 0-1 0-1 0-5 0-2 02 g,

MTr, e.

Ondus mortua 'h Q& [ gj g,1 g3 g,J 0 g 0 ?% 041 0-1 0-1 03-02 02 Q'JJM L3 O b '0 0 0 0 o _.$p. ECllElini YE1M hhNr.$ labndae-Pleuronecten e C M ~, L2_3 112ki! 11 & 2 llMb }d1,1.2 212.g ilg R 474,963 52 1120 3324515 177 14223 23sd907 9tA 40ll 205-1973 357 570 Ubridae .C M, 92 Q g 3 775 9 g g ( 0 60,. 12 241 0-119 2459 67-25 239 1516 0-2h7 2-361 3 r S omM: scem%s" _ 211 (- 122,!l 12g 1224 2220 3 1012.9 2W9.7 iud

3148e 3 349 0-990 12-411 24243 11-4440 18742 1 107ti Itonotus spp rQl:

1,1 1) E D 1,2 Q,2 2.1 2 04 0-15 M 0225 0 20 0.9 0-2 04 bratrothys-S<.cohtha!mus f M -( 4y y M m W E W i : p.31 ll 2 95 7 42 9 119 3-97 29-251 2 75 4-57 [8-M3., Ilmtvwlotnoides

• J Q.;

O O ll Q,1 0 13 0 p!Ainwides 01-0-13 0-2 04 Total

113,L1 l 2h2 n2t -'

31523 3t345 3g1; 3m 11;g3 936tn4 79 1793 499 6712 313-14910 474-7879 1330 10308 333-10774 364-2113 ' Represents late 4tage Q. merhug and E gg.gn eggs. " Includes Broome Scomter. 1975-1983 14

~. - - Januarv I ARVAli 1975 IVW 107P 19N 1970 1Wfi 1%1~ 19k2 1983 ( Civpra harengm M O O O U M U 04t5

04u, 03 0-06 1:ncheluem @m 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 Inut%a UDJ.llh 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautmolabra h D D 0 0 0 0 0 Ub stia sot.bifurcuta 0 0 0 () 0 0 0 lbla gunncIhn u u Lg u u u u 0-3 2-9 0-5 0-1 04t4 0-0.6 0-5.5 l Ammaktes sp. G-M Q M M M M 0-16 0-4 0-11 0-38 0-5 0-1 0-1 Scomber vombim 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myom ech the spp M Q . (d) (Q) 0 g) (M) fMs 0-1 0-1 0416 0-1 03-12 M M 0 M 0 M. atnatus 0-1 04).6 04L6 0 M 0 M M M. ortalecemsnmmig 0-03 0-0.6 0.5-12 M Korptm 0 0 0 0 0 lirvra spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 (M) 04t5 L. cilnticm 0 0 0 0 ( l.coheni~ 0 0 0 M 0-03 Picuronectes americanus .0 0 0 0-0 0 0 1otal 94 M M H,f0 L.$ H M 0 25 3,13 0-12 0-39 05 02 4-14 'No samphng. 15

~.. _ _.._._.1.. 1 1 1 hg l ARVAl' _ 1931 1%$ 1%6 19S7 19M 1959 1990 1991 Q1gyg Mnga 0 0 M u 0 0 M M 046 (Q 0-1 0-2 l'nchelvopi.s rimt+nm. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l htitoga Cdna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i i lautocolatins a<3sperne 0 0 0 0 0 0. 0 0 huyqa sulitnf urcata 0 -0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i lhtbi gimncthw gj M L1 M M M M M 0-1 04).6 03 01 01 0-1 0-1 05 Ammodyks sp. O in d 0 0 0 QJ, M 0-111 0-3 0-1 0-1 Senmter omfrus 0 0 0 0 'l 0 0 0 i 51vourechalm spp (Q (M) (jlk) (M) ($ 0 0 M 048 0-4 02 01 0-1 0-1 hl. neNem. O QJ 0 M Q1 0 0 0 41 41 41 M. tricderemsnimwus M M M M QJ 0 0 LJ 0-08 0-4 0-2 0-1 0-1 0-1 M scorpius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M 01 l inans spp. 0 (M) 0 (Ql) 0 0. 0 0 0-03 0-1 L...ianticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 je ght.nj 0 Q1 0-M 0 0 0 0 04L5 0-1 Pleuronectes arrenrumis 0 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 ' local M 4u u u u QJ 91 33 0-3 0-113 0 45 0-2 0-1 0-1 1-7 16

.m IM'DB10C 1 ARVAl' 1975-1976* 1977' 1978 1979 IWo 1981 19s2 1953 Oupea hatergus Ql QJ 0 0 0 0 QJ. 0 03 0-2 0-2 l l'nchetvoous ambnus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 laetmga Eml16 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautocobbrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t.'Ivam subtnfurcata 0 0 0 0 QJ U 0 0-0.4 \\ D121m gunnelhe U M 2.2 Q1 3 QJ i!! 0-14 D3 b 10 02 0-5 0-3 0 42 Ammodytes sp M L$ 11J M 10.2 2 Q3 0-8 0.424 4-21 0.4 h 3-It 0-9. 0.5-1.4 kmtsr Kombrm O. 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mvoxocephahm spp. Il QJ (M) (13) (L7J (2,1) (L2) 0-7 0-1 0-26 0-5 0-4 04 6 05-3 I ' M. eenaem M M Q) Q,1 U 0-26 0-5 04.5 04.6 0-3 M octr<terernmnmus 0 Q2 13 0 (!J 04 6 0-4 04.6 j M. worptus 0 0 0 0 0 lg:iLGli SPp. 0 0 0 0 (Q,1) 0 (Ql) 04).5 0-0.9 L. Mica 0 0 l l 0 QJ L. Ghtm 0-09 lieuronectes americunns 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total JQ,h 112 29.,2 2,2 113 M 2J 0-17 0.M-29 4 58 0.7-10 3 24 0-12 2-11 'No sampimg. I l I i 17 ~,

1 l Iettuary l ARV Al' 1954 1%5 19 % IW1 19M 1989 1990 1991 l Oupcahartegus Ql Q.3 Q1 (L1 0 0 0 Ql 0-1 0419-tw! 01-0-1 1:nchelvoeg timtenn 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lauttya go, tin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautocolabrus aJsrenus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvitna sutibif urcata 0 0 0 0 0 (1 0 0 D12114 FVnnClho 10 3 2M M M !LQ l.Lh d ikJ 0 21 0-51 3-14 4 -6 0-16 4-37 0-5 3'A-59 Ammm!vtes sp 1,Q 21,1 (L1 0 11 0 M M 0-3 0 132 046 (L2 0-5 0-1 Scomter scombrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Nfvew erihalus spp. (M) (11.9) (12) M) (1LE) ( 2 10 ) (01) (El 0-3 0-44 0-2 9-16 l-93 0-5 thi 10-53 M Becaem Q1 Il D hl 2.2 .Q3 lll B3 0-2 (b24 0-2 5-10 0 17 0-2 0-1 6-15 . M octmtecemmimnus f11 1.9 Q1 QJ Q1 0 0 Q2 13 0-2 0-1 01 0-1 0-1 M.vwpim 0 Ll 0 11 J,11 11 0 2!Q.h 0-20 0.7 1 75 03 2-44 .1.ipans spp-0 (Ql) 0 0 (Q.1) (M)- 0 Q.1 0-1 0-1 0-3 0-1 L attarticm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 L LO.DI.Bl 0 Q1 0 0 0.1 12 0 (11 0-1 0- 1 0-3 0-1 l 11curonectes americanus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "I otal 11$ .M !L1 lb.,i lyl lih j,1 22.3 0-26 0-223 .5-16 17 21 3-109 5-45 0-li 51-104 14

= _ - .-._--.,m .m.._ m m i i l Wrth ' lARVAT' 1975 19%* tu17" 19 4 1979 19so 1941 1982 - 1933 0 M QJ Li QJ Q Clupea haren' m M 2 0-1 0-2 04 0-2 1 10 0-2 l. l'nchetvoom cimbru 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lautoga gn!3n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautneulabrus alursus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvaria subtufurcata 0 0 0 0 QJ 0 0 04).5 f n e a nnnena a9 lu u m zu tu e 2t47 0.72s 1 34 041 142 th-31 3-25 Amnnivtes sp. 19 1 1M Li,Q i1Q 211 10 M ?_2 ( 1140 0.7 22 9 223 1 157 10-75 0-613 0-29 Scomitt Memtm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i Mvoyocephjght spp. Lli M (12.3) (h11.) (S) (D) (M) 17-137 1145 1 35 0-182 5-91 0-67 0-17 W 619 21,3 M M 1,35 0177 446 444 0-17 M aenaen 0 LQ M IJ gj M. octoderemsninms 0-3 0-5 0-1 0-1 0 C DA U 0 M murne 0-5 0-1 0-4 0 Q,,1 19 (Ql) (Ql) (19,) (.. I tparts spp. Q,1 0-4 0-18 0-2 0-1 04 0-1 I' l L attanucm og o Li t ca.5 04 L whtm _ Di D1 0.1 0-2 01 0-2 1 f-l'feuronectes amertranus 0 0 QSJ QJ M lh ll 0-0.5 0-07 0-5 0-12 0-7 Total 12Zj M,2 2M 1212 'f,!% 2iG 1H 66-230 2fr96 11-293 3-385 43-169 31-174 143 i 'No samphng "One sampheg perwxt only. i I I 19

1 ARVAI: 1984 1985 1956 194~1 19M IW9 1990 1991 Oggg hartnm Qj Q _ Q,2 0 L2 QJ 0 (H 0-5 0-4 0-1 0-15 0-1 3-1 l'nchelvonut timients 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lautep cIulin 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'lautccolabrus adstmtm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l'lvam sobbif urrata Qfq] O Q,3 0 0 0 0 Q.1 0-0.6 0-2 0-1 Phohs Umncil n ins 9 4j,2 19 3,3 1123 gJg 3,2 [99 9 04s2 0-9t> 2-159 0-11 4-375 0-126 0-h 24s Ammatytes sp, JJL 10.1 9,,2 M 2.1 21 12 M 0-3 0 47 O-30 01 0-9 0-11 04 1 19 $cemter scomt'rus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myowcechatus spp. G) (M) W) (1.1) (1111) (t:91) (M) (ilS) 2^ 8 041 8-216 0-10 32-356 0-183 2 22 14-M7 M eenaem 2.0 ' 212 cua 12 122.2 3U 21 22.1 0-156 0-58 5-213 0 10 12447 0 65 24 13-85 M geremsmnwis 0 Q.2 LD Q2 QJ 11 0 0 0-2 0-3 0-1 0-2 06 M-scorenn 11.3 12 11 02 IL2 211 21 LL 0.7-72 0-3 0-12 0-1 0-26 0-119 0-20 04 1.!L!Ill SPP-(0.011 (24) Ul.1) d.,1) (21) (Q1) (k.1) (Ql) 0418 0-2 0 0-1 0-1 04 0-1 0-1 lc BiblI!11gla 0 Q.0L Q,3 0 9.1 M 0 Q1 0-0.7 0-4 - U-! 0- 1 0-1 L.coheni Q.Qi Q1 Q1 Q.1 Q,i Q3 Q,1 Q,1 0-0.8

0. 2 0-2 0-t 02.

0-4 01 0-1 Pleuronectes amern: anus Q,1 0 11 0 0 0 0 Q,1 0-0.9 0-3 0-7 0-1 Traal. 148 7 f.;l 1363 U] 2123 12M 12 2 622 0-172 2-179 14-M6 1-19 19-736 2-2h6 4-30 21 127 20

.- ~ ...-..-c. 1 arnt 'l IARVAf: 1975 1976' 1977 1973 1979 loso 1%1 19V 19s3 Wpea hagpg!g Q Q,1 QJ Q.it Q,1 0 13 M 0-12 0-1 02 0-3 0-1

0. 4-5 09 rnchelvoeus cimbrms 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 00.5 Tautop emig 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautreolabrus adspenus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulvarta subNfurtata M M (2 QJ lj, QJ M M 1 0-19 0-19 0-2 0-1 64 0-2 02 0 11 l'h2.lm emnellus 13 fQ lj U M M 22.h M 0-h 0-19 0-5 0 13 0-1 0-14 0-75 0-21 Amm(whtes sp, fah 221 14h3 9 1QJ llpQ M 1Q 1 0.8-1h 6 65 6-1252 26-196 0-l'1 744 2-261 0-58 M.n scombrm 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mvemrhahrs spp, 12 2Q1 2L} (1d) (I M ) (19j) (hij.),) (2,Q) 3-12 14-57 0-57 l-32 0-59 2-53 0447 0 24 M. detucm 1.62 1M 1h1 $12 2,Q 1-32 0 59 2-53 0.144 0-24 M octooecensnmtwus 0 0 OJ Q,2 0 0-2 0-1 5.1 EDID.Wt 0-3 LTi105 8PP. Il ik.2 Il M 1.3 (ILJ (22) (1131 0-11 0 72 0-7 04 0-29 0-3 0-4 1 69 l attmtiem Q9 0 113 03 3-69 L. reheni 0 M 0 0-4 + lleuronettes amencanus 2.1 J 9 3j1 22 h,Q M 1,6 - . lh 0.h-10 0-21 0-127 0-8 2-24 03 0 36 0-13 Total 22,2 1911 JJ12 12g.3 hhjQ (6J 1h8 2.12 1443 55-154 21 1324 57-238 8 266 29 142 4-732 3-135

• 0nc sampimg perxx1 only.

1 21

dIDI h IARVAE ' 1984~ 1985 1V56 1987* 19M 1959 1990 1991 .b's I Chipca harengw $0ip, M M M M M M (D fag., 00.9 0-2 0-3 02 0-2 0-1 Enche!voous cimbrius

• y0~

0 0 0 0 41 0 0-1 0-1 4 Tottegn 2mid '. 0.. 0 0 0 0 0 0 E.k Teutepta's adspersas (0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l Ulvana subbifurents +.0 4_h U 1h U QA U j 0-21 04 0-3 0-2 0-3 0-26 th21g runrellus f*jd. 29 1 h.s M lL1 111 M E.3 < 0 0-77 0-27 04 0 44 0-41 0-20 01 $e% ,'unmodYlel Sp. h0.4 W M 11.2 M hM M l g,, 149 0-156 0-64 0-14 4-344 1 71 (60 '

,l,

i $ comber scembrus O O O O O O t ;r q.s

• p.,

i (J21.1) (2M) (AM) GM) QM) (JM) Myoxocechalus spp. QQS,)d D 0-11 Ib442 1-295 3-111 6 73 2-72 4-23 (

• M,.. A y

i M. aenaeus piiME M M M M M Q $011 16-442 1 292 3-111 6-71 2 71 4-23 y;[ M. octodecemsetnosus j O.,; O Dj 0 0 QJ u I <w i;,, m#. 04 41 41 i Vit h M. scorpen OdOl-M U QJ Q1 Q,2 DJ i D;Pi 0-0.6 0-2 0-2 0-2 0-3 02 l QQ Lipant spp. k90s (M) (U) (111) (21) ().,k) (22) l 26 0-27 0-99 0-33 14 0 14 L, auctieus ,t u 5.Q 1M M M u ,,4 " yl 0-26 0 27 0-99 0-33 14 0-14 p.4.. ;.2 L. mbsni /ioV U Q2 u 0 pl 0 %[ 02 0-1 0-1 01 ya h: Pleuronectes amenennus ' 15 0c 12 112 M M M 14 0-11 0-33 2-17 0-20 0-6 0-10 r-9 l Tu

a nu nu tu m

nu eu / ' 0 17 54-524 12 358 9-307 6-120 30-366 8-115 l

• Pumps down - no simpimg i

I l 2^ l l 1

~ i Max 1 AlWAI: 1975 1976 1977 19h 1979 19Vi 19kl 19N2 19$3 i Clupea hartope 22 0 0 QJ QSJ 0 0 q) Efil 0-24 0-1 0-0,5 0-1 0-0.5 i i I:nchefvovas etmtsam 2h 22 Ill LQ Q U LG Qhf 2) 0-10 0-13 0-1 0-19 0-19 5-11 0-3 0-06 0- 1 I nutora lmtin 0 0 0 0 Ql ZS 0 0 0 0-1 0-39 l autocolabrus a<hperus 0 0 0 0 Q.2 L3 Qfd 0 0 0-2 04 0-0.2 Olvaria sothf'urcata W Il 12 m 12 102 10.2 10 M 10-235 1 24 0-20 11-141 0-23 5-21 4 27 0-f6 2 73 l'hoth gunnella Q,1 0 0 M flid 0 0 Q2 Q2 0-0.5 0-4 0-1 02 0-rL6 Ammmfytes sp. iQ M 22 20 3 2M 2A M 222 M O-22 0-h 0.7 0-265 0-85 2-9 (94 0-29 0 5-17 Nomter scomt no 2.1 0 0 u u u Q3 Q.1 0 04k4 0-27 0-29 0-12 . U.5 5 0-1 Mvouwenhahm spp. 32 Q,1 M QJ (19,) (QJ) (E2) (M) (Q) j ~ 0-11 0-2 0-9 0-37 0 17 O3 0-1 0-10 0-25 M. acnaeus 19 Q1 22 M Q 0-17 03 0- 1 0.10 0-25 j M netodccemsnmosus 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 'h,1.vorpnm l.imns spp. Q2 (3.,Q 33,3 22S 20 ) 223 (1.M) (M) (111) 0-30 6-31 0-112 1-92 6-40 lb-45 - 24 9 0 12 0.5-37 L. atlantictts id 21 13 1 2 69 0-12 0,5-37 L. mtgni 0 Q,1 0 0-2 i Picuronectes amencunus 123 2d 1M 21Q 1M 291 11.1 3QJ IM 2-36 2-lh 4-29 0-129 13-40 11 75 09% l-49 0.57 Total tu 223 MS 2222 - ifill 1Q11 1d3 (d.4 62 4 2h-283 15-76 24-IRS 33 660 66-210 59-167 12 214 8-182 9-i92

MAX E NT, IMVAE "'1984 s 1955 14 % 1987-10 % 1959 1940 1991 'Sr' M9[l Qnin harenr n 0 0 0-UJa U 10 U f,01', 0-1 0-1 02 0 10 0-2 fV = En belvoous eimbrius IiD l; M M L}- O L2 0 Li g PV 04 0-27 03. 0-31 0-17 04

y. Md k gh( t.

lautorn etitis QJM 0 Oi 0 0 0 0.1 p? M; } 01 0-1 p :5. Tautocolabrus aggsn;e #y s0E! O M 0-0 Q.} u QJ i [' O-1 0-1 04 d '(a M18 59t'bifurenta y,;} M M LQ- ),2 M Q L5 2 L

~ 0 4;q 0-75 1 lo 0,5 0-15 1 88 043 1 58 (1-"!;!

holis ogJ1sihnt hd. Ql Ql 0~ 2.2 E.2 U U 30-4 t j 0-06 0-1 03 05 0-3 01 ya

m emOjYtC6 $p.

e h1l,Q,, Q1 [2 Od 2d 4, 9 2LI QI O M7 - 0-3 D-5 01 0-14 0-17 2-47 04

1. j.?-T M mtergemtug sjp;4 U

Od Q,1, O M 0,1 61 - 4% 0-0 0-1 01 0-4 0-1 0 43 qq b.i w tgQy{} (dj) ({ @ (Q]) (;,Q) (Q) (Q) (Q$ MYOXOceDhahn Epp 3040; 0-11 i2 01-0-10 0-11 0-20 04 9.H x M nenaeta f L2 ' .1 21 02 10 U il W.2 D 10's 0-11 >2 01 0 10 0-11 0-20 04 W )k QOj 0 0 ' 0_ ;- o e o u M octoderemsmosa y_4 A GE. o.-, ( M scomta {gDJ 0 0 0_ o 0 0 0

' y LIF5 8PP-

!(Ql) ' I-(IM) (L1) (16 5 (10) (111) (U) (11) 0 111 0-30 04 0101 1-146 0-59 l 17 14 iM f L. atlanutus !f3a' 112 12 Ig,Q

U lh D

12 l 011 u-30 04 0 101 1146 0-59 1 17 14 L cplim OI O o 0 0 0 0 0 Pleu onectes amernana 2,6 lu B 1Q,2 1h U m lu [ 9 27, 0-27 2 13 . 0 52 0-10s 0-30 0-47 046 m' $,%A y E - 044 h-79 1541 0-158 i 10-291 20 los 26-125 23-105 t 24

... _ - ~..... Lums 1 ARVAl: 1975 19 4 1977 197R 1979 1940 19s;i 19g - FM Clorra harregm 0' 0 0 0 -0 0 0 0 0 I:nchehonm amtsrim M (2 M M 2,4 M }Q M M 0-137 u6 b4 24h 0-145 1 15 4 102 0-149 0-5 .0-47 lauuta m Q,,2 M M C O 2 11 M 3,Q gj. 0-1 0-5 0-27 0-37 0 11 0-20 b-162 0-27 0-2 Tautreolabrns pdsNtm IM M M luj M M E M IM (b39 (bl3 0-750 0-107 4 78 043 04639 0-26 0.5-86 Charia subtufurcata M M O Q M M M M M U-2 0 2N 0-12 0-3 0-12 03 0-5 (A5 j'bf0la gunndhm 0 0 0 M 0 0 0 0 0 (V2 Amm(xfvtes sp 0 0.1 0 M M 0 M 0 M b-2 0-2 0- 1 04M. 0-0.r. Scomber scomt'rus M M 111! M M M 31M 14J 2M 0-149 0-15 0 55 0126 0-37 0-109 03a2 041 0 354 Mvosocechalus spp 0 0 0 0 0 (gA) 0 0 0 0-7 M. neruem 0 M 0 0 0 0-7 M octrxlecemsowsns 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorpius 0 0 0 0 3 I sparts spp. M Q,2 G jffA,Q D G (M) (QJ) (LQ) 0-7 0-50 0-28 245 0-4 0-21 0-13 04 04 + M QJ LQ L. att uticus D-13 04 0-8 L. 03heni. 0 0 0 19euronectes gmsnse M M M 110 M M M M M 4 - 0.$ 15 0-47 ') 0-54 0 39 3 19 08 0-17 0-2 'l otal. 117J M M 1767 C W Zig 2 M M 14-260 8-139 125-6'a 51 'H3 27 154 49-377 5-5423 0-lM 2-383 25

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-.-..~ IMPINGEMENT OF ORGANISMS AT PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION (January - June 1991) Prepared by: M Ve Robert D. Anderson Senior Marine fisherles Biologist Reaulatory Affalis Department Licensing Division Boston Edison Company October 1991 P

Hernst Aleutfe t Smell i Cunner linping SKClS

lADL[ Of. CON 1LNIS ) Section 11tle Pege 1

SUMMARY

1 2 INTRODUC110N 2 3 HETH005 AND MATERIALS 5 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7 j 4.1 Fishes 7 4.2 Invertebrates 7 4.3 fish Suivival il 5 CONCLUSIONS 13 6 L11ERATURE C11ED 14 11 s

LISI_Of fIGURLS fl9Vre hge I location of I'11 grim Nuclear l'ower Station 3 2 Cros s-Sec tion of Intal e Sti ut tut e of I'llgrli.i 4 11uclear l'ower Station 1ii i

LISI IT... l A!!LLS ) I l e t'l e Pege i Monthly Impingement f oi-All fishes Collec ted f r om 8 Pilgrim Station intale seteens, January-June 1991 2 Species, Number, lotal length (mm), Weight (gms) 9 and Percentage for All fishes Collected Fiom Pilgrim Station impingement Sampling, January-June 1991 3 Monthly Impingement for All Invertebrates Collected 10 from Pilgrim Station, tate Screens, January-June 1991 4 Survival Summary for the fishes Collected During 12 Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, January-June 1991. Initial One-Hour and latent (56-Hour) Survival Numbers are Shown Under Static (6-Hour) and Continuous Hash Cycles iv

t SLCIl0NJ l SUtitiARY 3 fish impingement averaged 1.31 fish / hour during the period January-June 1991. Atlantic silver $1de (lienidj e !neuldle ). Atlantic herring (C]vpea harengus tiarcqqu s ), grubby (tiyoxotepha.lus senaeus) and winter flounder { (EleVd0pleVF0Det.tt$ AEedCR003 ) accounted for 80% of the fishes collected. Initial Impingement survival for all fishes from static screen wash collections was approximately 23% and fiom continuous screen washes 77%. i The collection rate (no./hr.) for all invertebrates captured from January-June 1991 was 0.864. Sevenspine bay shrimp (Cr_angou 1.eptemspints6) and common s tarfi sh ( As te,rJ A3 f_Orbes1) accounted for 60% of the enumerated invertebrates impinged. Hixed species of algae collected on intake screens amounted to 1,494 pounds. The relatively high fish impingement rates from January-June 1989 (0.55), 1990 (0.52) and 1991 (1.31), compared to the same period in 1988, reflect circulating-water pumps operating during these entire periods. The invertebrate impingement was-not as reflective of increased intale flow. The Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station capacity factor was 60% from January - June 1991. -

SEC110NJ IN1RONC110N Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (lat. 41*S6' N, long. 70'34' W) is located on thn northwestern shore of Cape Cod Bay (f igure 1) with a licensed capacity of 655 MHe. The unit has two circulating water pumps with a capacity of approximately 345 cfs each and five service water pumps with combined capacity of 23 cfs. Hater is diawn under a stimmtr wall, through vertical bar racks spaced approximately 3 inches on c enwr. an fina / through vertical travelling water screens of 3/8 inch wire ,W Jigu, 2). There are two travelling water screens for each circulattng water pump. This document is a report pursuant to operational environmental nonitoring and reporting requirements of NPDES Permit No. 0003557 (EPA) and No. 359 (Mass. DNPC) for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1. The report describes impingement of organisms carried onto the vertical travelling water screens at Unit 1. It presents analysis of the relationships between impingement, environmental factors, and plant operational variables. The report is based on data collected from screen wash samples during January-June 1991. e -2*

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.bt c .."*N J. ';. ' ' .p, a;. .,,,h ^ [. rigore 2: Cross-section of intake structure of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. --

j SLC110N 3 ) LiET}iOD5 AND mal [RI ALS Thi ce screen washings each week were performed from January-June 1991 to piovide data f oi evaluating the magnitude of marine blots impingement and associated survival. The total weekly collection time wPs 24 hours (three separate 8-hour periods: morning, afteincon and night). Two collections represented dark period sampling and one represented light period sampling. At the taginning of each collection period, all four travelling screens were washed. Eight hours later, the scieens were again washed (minimum of 30 minutes each) and all organisms collected. When screens were bs ing washed continuously, one hour collections wete made at the end of the regular sampling periods, and they represented two light periods and one dark period on a weekly basis. Hater nor:les directed at the screens washed impinged organisms and debris into a sluiceway that flowed into a trap. The original trap is made of galvanized screen (3/8-inch mesh) attached to a removable steel frame and collected impinged biota, in the screenhouse, shortly af ter being washed off the screens. A second trap was designed and used for sampilng, in conjunction with slutteway survival

studies, consisting of a

section of half 18" corrugated metal pipe with 3/16-inch nylon, delta mesh netting attached, impinged biota sampled by this trap were collected at the end of a 300' slutceway where initial, one-hour and latent (56 hour) fish survival were determined for static (8-hour) and continuous screenwash cycles. _ _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _

Variables recorded f oi organisms were total numbers, and individual total lengths (mm) and weights (gms) for up to 20 specimens of each species. A random sample of 20 fish or invertebrates was talen whenever the total number for a species exceeded 20; if the total collection for a sieties was less than 20, all were measured and weighed. Iteld work was conducted b) Marine Research, Inc. Intele seawater temperature, powei level output, tidal stage, number of circulating water pumps in operation, time of day and date were recorded at time of collections. The collection rate (#/ hour) was calculated as number of organisms impinged per collecting period divided by the total number of hours in that collecting period. All common and scientific names in this report follow the American fisheries Society (1988, 1989 and 1991). -

I SCC 110R 4 1 RE5VL15.At10 DISCV5510N 4.1 LiShes in 429 collection hours, 560 fishes of twenty-five species (lable 1) were collected from Pilgrim Nuclear Powet Station intale screens duting January-June 1991. The collection rate was 1.31 fish / hour Atlantit silverside Uknidig menidia) was the most abundant species accounting for

36. 67. of all fishes collected (Table 2).

Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus), grubby (MyoxocephAlv5 cenaeu.5 ) and winter flounder (Eseudoplev.ronet te) emerLcenys) accounted for 33.6, 5.2 and 4.17. of the total number of fishes collected. Atlantic silverside were impinged in highest numbers during Harch and Apri1. These were primarily adult fish that averaged 107 mm total length. Hinter flounder were mostly impinged in March, Atlantic herring in June and grubby during January-Harch. The January-June 1991 fish impingement rate was much greater than the same period in 1989 (0.55) and 1990 (0.52). Rates increased the past three years compared to 14? 1988 rate (0.30) and this is possibly attributable to greater circulating water pump operating capacity from 1989-1991. 4.2 Inyerlebr3 te_3 In 429+ collection hours, 36B4 invertebrates of 15 species (Table 3) were collected from Pilgrim Station intal # su cens botween January-June 1991. The collection rate was 0.86+ invertebrates / hour Sevenspine bay shrimp (Crengen S e p.t ems p].ngia ) and common starfish ( M t_e r_) a 5 f ortje S i ) accounted for 37.2 and 2 3.47., respectively, of the total number of enumerated invertebrates collected. An undetermined number of blue mussels QQtilus edylls) were impinged in May. _-

lable 1. Monthly Impingement roi All fishes Collected f rom Pilgilm _Stetiertl31 tete _ Screens,_Jo_nvary-__ June _jppl_.___ _ _____ __ _ _5pe c l e t _ ._.__._J a n. _ f e b.. .Merch _._ April May _ June _ _ lotal t Atlantic silverside 9 24 55 114 1 2 205 Atlantic herring 12 7 2 167 188 Grubby 9 8 8 3 1 29 Winter flounder 3 4 11 2 3 23 Cunner 4 1 2 10 17 Blueback herring 8 5 13 Alewife 4 2 6 12 Hindowpane 2 6 1 2 11 Rainbow smelt 2 1 4 3 10 Atlantic tomcod b i 1 7 Little state 6 1 7 Red hate 1 3 2 6 Rott gunnel 4 2 6 Northern searobin 4 4 Pollock 4 4 Lumpfish 3 3 Northern pipefish 3 3 Striped searobin 3 3 fourspot flounder 2 2 Sand lance sp. 2 Radiated stannv 1 1 Silver hale 1 1 Smooth dogfish 1 1 Tautog i i Threespine stickleback i 1 ( TOTALS 43 38 113 152 42 172 560 Collection ilme (hrs.) 74 67 74 65 128 214 429+ Collection Rate (#/hr.) 0.58 0.57 1.53 2.34 0.33 8.19 1.31.

Table 2. Species, Number, lotal length (mo, Unight(gms) and Percentage for All fishes Collected from Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, . _._ _.. _ h nve ry-tie c emben ! ?91_ _ Length Mean Height Mean Percent of .__5pKiel _ _!htmbeE_ R0nge __ length _. _R3nge.__ _.He igh,t_ _lo.t al J i stL Atlantic silverside 205 72-143 107 2-13 6 36.6 Atlantic herring 188 38-302 79 0.1-157 5 33.6 Grubby 29 40-110 79 1-16 5 5.2 Hinter flounder 23 58-335 120 2-152 19 4.1 Cunner 17 45-176 126 2-92 46 3.0 Clueback herring 13 75-105 87 2-6 4 2.3 Alewife 12 73-138 101 3-18 8 2.1 Windowpane 11 40-104 77 1-13 5 2.0 Rainbow smelt 10 68-185 101 1-36 8 1.8 Atlantic tomtod 7 121-174 157 13-85 34 1.3 Little state 7 470-511 495 650-900 753 1.3 Red hale 6 89-181 140 4-34 18 1.1 Rock gunnel 6 70-196 124 1-21 7 1.1 tiorti,arn searobin 4 240-255 248 139-149 144 0.7 Pollock 4 51-70 60 1-3 2 0.7 Lumpfish 3 50-83 67 3-11 6 0.5 Northern pipefish 3 140-141 140 1 1 0.5 Striped scarebin 3 96 96 8 8 0.5 fourspot flounder 2 318 318 0.4 Sand lance sp. 2 140 140 10 10 0.4 Radiated shanny 1 85 85 5 5 0.2 Silver hate 1 93 93 6 6 0.2 Smooth dogfish 1 78) 781 0.2 Tautog i 160 160 63 63 0.2 Threespine stictieback 1 63 63 2 2 0.2 --

Table 3. Itanthy Impingement for All Invertebrates Collected from Pilgrim Station intale Screens, January-June 1991 e.- h+.mem4m.m.. ,,.k.p_,, ,_f Sevenspine bay shrimp 29 42 43 21 2 137 Commcr' starfish 25 3 30 14 7 7 86 Rock crab 6 4 6 13 3 4 36 Blue mussel 3 2 6 16 27. American lobster 3 11 2 5 21 Horseshoe crab 1 10 10 21 Green crab 1 7 4 1 13 Isopoda 1 1 7 9 Nertl5 sp. 2 5 7 Green seaurchin 1 1 1 3 Lady crab 2 1 3 Longwrist hermit 2 2 Clrripedia 1 1 Hemertea 1 1 l'39ULUS sp. 1 1 TOTALS 64 56 93 76 35+ 44 368+ Collection lime (hrs.) 74 67 74 65 128 21+ 429+ Collection Rate (#/hr.) 0.86 0.84 1.26 1.17 0.27+ 2.09 0.86+

• Undetermined numbers. _ _ _ _

L 1he collec tions of sevenspine bay shrimp occurred pr imarily in f ebruary and Maich, and commun starfish dui tng March. In 1989 from January - June, blue mussels and mussel predators dominated possibly due to the lacL of effective macrofouling controls then. lwenty-one specimens of the commeicially important American lobster Obmu us amei lcanUS) were captuted which is high compared with previous years, although 16 were recorded for the same time frame in 1990. Approximately 1,494 pounds of mixed algae species were recorded during impingement sampling, or 3.5 pounds / hour like the January-June 1989, 1990 and 1991 fish impingement rates, the algal impingement rate for these years was notably higher than recorded fot the same period in 1988. 4.3 I[SitSurvival Fish survival data collected while impingement monitoring are shown in Table 4. Static screen wash collections provided h'gh numbers of fishes and revealed relatively low impingement survival rates for most species. Continuous screen wash collections had higher survival rates, although so few iishes were sampled that they are not a good indicator of continuous wash survival. After 1-hour and 56-hour holding periods data were limitad because of survival pump freezing problems in the winter, or fishes being lost or collected in the screenhouse wheie no survival facilities are located. -------_______

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SK110!L5 C0HCLV510tl5 1. The average Pilgrim impingement rate for the period January-June 1991 was 1.31 fish / hour. The collection rate was comparatively lower in 1988, than in 1989,1990 and 1991, possibly due to more circulating water pump capacity during the latter years. 2. Twenty-five species of fish were recorded in 429+ impingement collection hours. 3. 1he major species collected and their relative percentages of the total collections were Atlantic silverside, 36.6%; Atlantic herring, 33.6%; grubby, 5.2%; and winter flounder, 4.1%. 4. The hourly collection rate for invertebrates was 0.86+ with sevenspine bay shrimp 37.2% and common starfish 23.4% of the enumerated catch. Twenty-one American lobsters were caught. Impingement rates for invertebrates were higher and algae lower for this period in 1988 than in 1989, 1990 and 1991. 5. Impinged fish survival was relatively low for species during static screen washes, compared to continuous washes...

SEC110tLS LUERMURLC11LD American fisherles Society. 1991. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Spec. Pub. No 20: 183 pp.

---

. 1988.

Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United Stetes and Canada: mollusts. Spec. Pub. No. 16: 277 pp. l

---

. 1989.

Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the Ur.ited State. nd Canada: decapod crustaceans. Spec. Pub. No. 17:77 pp, - _ _ _ _ - - _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ _ - _ _ - _ _ _.

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.,/ /S O,foule e d $1mbskk, ktJJacAusc<s twses PHIuP G. CoATCs DIRECTOR MEMORAllDUM 888 1155 Members of the Administrative-Technical Committee, TO: Pilgrim Power Plant Investigations FROM: Brian Kelly, Recording Secretary, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries SUIkTECT: Minutes of the 75th meeting of the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee DATE: July 15, 1991 The 75th meeting of the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical (A-T) Committee was called to order by Chairman Szal (DWPC) on June 18, 1991 at 10:05 a.m. at the Richard Cronin Building, Massachusetts Division Fisheries and Wildlife Field Headquarters,

Westboro, Massachusetts.

Eight agenda items were addressed. I. Minutes of the 74th Meetina There were no additional comments on the minutes of the previous A-T meeting. II. Pilcrin Statipn 1990/1991 Onerational Review Bob Anderson reviewed 1990 Pilgrim Station operation, wherein the plant ran at 72% capacity with two pumps operating for most of Pilgrim ran at 90% capacity through April 1991, and the year. since early May has been in a planned refueling outage which will continue into late July. Only one or no circulating pumps will be on during the majority of this outage. Pilgrim will not need to refuel again until early 1993.

Thus, 1992 should be a high operational year, with only a 30 day mid-cycle outage planned for spring.Bob Anderson noted that Pilgrim received a new IIPDES permit from EPA on April 29, 1991, wherein the A-T Committee is cited as an official entity for the first time.

Richard Dorfman mentioned that the location of the potential ocean sewage outfall off Rocky Point will be decided on in mid-1992, with construction planned for completion in 1995. Located in 60 feet of water, this outfall would comp}icate any environmental monitoring efforts concerning Pilgrim Station. l

l III, 1990 Impir ggrentLOve r fl icht 11enul t s Bob Anderson stated that fish impingement in 1990 at pilgrim Station was projected at approximately 15,000 fish, the highest figure since 1981 but not atypical when compared with the 1973-1990 datasets. The number of fish impinged in any given year in correlated to circulating water pump operation for that time period. Impinged fish survival (which varies depending on the species involved) in 1990 averaged 10% on static screen washes and 27% on continuous screen washes. Further discussion on either eliminating or resuming 56-hr survival studies of impinged fish will ensue at the upcoming Fisheries Subcommittee meeting in July. Overflight monitoring in 1990 showed two large schools of Atlantic herring in the general vicinity of pilgrim Station in October, but nc large fish schools were reported within a half mile of the Plant. IV. 1990 Marine Fisheries Monitorino Pesults Bob Lawton prefaced that in the 1990 annual report the Marine Fisheries impact section (Volume 2) was done by a species rather than gear type apnroach in order to zero in on potential indicator organisms. Bria Kelly mentioned that the trawl monitoring study continued to at ow depressed abundance indices of the dominant groundfish in tle area. The firs + operational year for the research lobster study was 1990. Analysis of 1990 research lobster data revealed no measurable impact of plant operation on legal lobster catch rate; however, sublegal catch rates at the Discharge site were lowest at the two stations closest to the discharge canal, and a correlation existed at these stations between average plant operational levels and sublegal catch rates. Current is hypothesized to be the factor influencing sublegal abundance / distribution near the discharge. The Atlantic silverside, the dominant fish obtained in the haul seine study, is impinged primarily from November through April, when adult silversides are overwintering in low abundance within the Intake embayment. Low water temperatures in winter may make these silversides lethargic and hence more subject to impingement. Bob Lawton outlined the recent expanded ef fort of studying Cunner is a structure fish that resides in the discharge cunner. area most of the year, feeding on mussels and even small organisms in the water column (an underwater videotape of the discharge was presented by Division of Marine Fisheries), and hence subject to potential low-level radiological or other contamination. Bob reviewed the cunner tagging program to date, with fish 12 cm and larger being tagged in the discharge and a control area. Otoliths are being used to age fish in order to characterize the present structure of the cunner population in the Pilgrim area. Cunner abundance at Pilgrim has been declining for the past eight years based on gillnet catches. It is one of the dominant fish impinged and its eggs and larvae are entrained at Pilgrim, while several thousand are caught annually by anglers along the Station's breakwater.

V. 1990 Benthic Monitorina Fesults Jim Blake noted that the June qualitative dive survey data show a return to the denuded impacted zone as seen in 1985-1986. SAIC looked at the 1985-1990 quantitative benthic data to investigate certain individual species distribution between sampling sites, and found for che amphipod Jassa falcata that its relative distribution in 1990 at the control and impact sites corresponded to the return cd e proWously noted " impact signature" at the effluent site. ilk S cassed the problem of large variability of replicates for (up! biomass in the discharge area. He explained the NESS and Bray 4rN s similarity indices' strengths and weaknesses. Using rtiud 14 rity analyses on the 1985-1990 quantitative data, a two ye!nr 2tg period appeared to exist at the effluent site for reversict W cratstrol conditions when the plant was of f-line from 1986-eady 1%9. Preliminary analysis of 1991 data shows that the old putorn of the discharge station being somewhat different from that. unntrol siten has re-emerged now that Pilgrim Station has been btsek celine for a period of time. VI. Review of 1990 and UM)f,ft,gW991 Benthic Monitorina Retrospective Gerald Szal reviewed the minutes of the last two benthic subcommittee meetings. Considerable discussion ensued regarding the future quantitative benthic monitoring effort. Regarding the June subcommittee meeting, Jerry struck the line in section 3 of the minutes "We recommend this work also be conducted by osman and Whitlatch", thus keeping the 1992 quantitative benthic review award open on a possible_ competitive bid. Committee members agreed that more time was needed to review recent benthic subcommittee meeting minutes, the Whitlatch and osman revised benthic monitoring review proposal for 1991, and Jim Blake's comments on it. There was confusion regarding upcoming benthic studies discussed at recent benthic subcommittee meetings and at the A-T Committee meeting. Jerry will summarize and disseminate the required information to Committee members and will arrange a special emergency meeting of the A-T committee to discuss benthic monitoring issues for the future.. VII. 1991 Marine Fish and Benthic Subcommittees The fisheries subcommittee will be comprised of Maietta, Griswold, Anderson, Lawton, Finn, and Higgins. Carolyn will check with Jack Finn if he wishes to stay on the subcommittee, and Ted Landry will ask Jack Parr (EPA) if he would become a member both of the main A-T Committee and one of the subcommittees. The next fisheries subcommittee meeting will be Wednesday, July 24 at 10 A.M. at Pilgrim Statien. The subcommittee may vote for a new chairman. The benthic subcommittee will have Miller (Chairman), along with Szal, Pederson, Lawton, and Anderson. Jim Blake was invited to join the subcommittee.

VIII. 1990 Entrainment Results Mike Scherer noted that few cod eggs have been entrained for the past few years, while mackerel eggs have been very abundant the last three years. Winter flounder larval abundance continues to be down, while cunner and tautog larvae were quite abundant in July and August. Bob Lawton requested the fisheries subcommittee at their next meeting discuss (1) evaluating the contingency baywide sampling plan for entrainment events and (2) ways to equate entrainment and impingement for certain species to adult equivalent estimates. IX. Adiournment The meeting adjourned at 3:55 PM. Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee Meeting Attendance June 18, 1991 Gerald Szal, Chairman Mass. DWPC, Westboro Robert Maietta Mass. DWPC, Westboro Carolyn Griswold NMFS, Narragansett Robert Anderson BECo, Braintree Robert Lawton Mass. DMF, Sandwich Jim Blake SAIC, Woods Hole Brigitte Hilbig

SAIC, Woods Hole Ted Landry EPA, Lexington Mike Scherer MRI, Falmouth Richard Dorfman Mass. DWPC, Westboro Brian Kelly Mass. DMF, Sandwich

f6 llC' /ll/ llc /lufCahbC v (LidaC UdCN)' AuhNut-cfu$wNIeh1btnO %ds/ /S.Sottle GA PHILIP G. Co ATEs h ut(d(EI o btJJacIt/Jr//1 68668 DIRECTOR 886 1155 MEMORANDUM TO: Members of the Administrative-Technical Committee, Pilgrim Power Plant Investigations FROM: Brian Kelly, Recording Secretary, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries

SUBJECT:

Minutes of the Energency Meeting of the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee DATE: August 26, 1991 An emergency meeting of the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical (A-T) Committee to discuss the benthic monitoring program was called to order by Chairman Szal (DWPC) on August 1, 1991 at 10:07 a.m. at the Richard Cronin

Building, Massachusetts Division Fisheries and Wildlife Field Headquarters, Westboro, Massachusetts.

Don Miller referred to his memo of July 19, 1991 regarding benthic monitoring concerns at Pilgrim. Don stated that to date regulators h0ve been content that quantitative benthic monitoring has shown little evidenes that much is going on; data from the effJuont station, located 120 meters off the discharge jetties, hava not shown much plant impact. BEco may be able to..mitor for half the cost and still ask the question "what's going on out there"? Don mencioned this could be addressed by having some biologists (including an algologist) do a reconnaissance dive in the discharge area. If the divers document an impact that is more than trivial, Don feels the A-T Committee should consider a gradient sampling design to replace the present control stations. Two cuestions to consider are: (1) is there enough of an impact on the benthic community to bother studying it? (2) if there is, what monitoring effort and design should be used? During the group discussion which ensued, concerns surfaced regarding the temporal component of monitoring, and one of the study questions was rephrased as "For all months of the year, what is the spatial influence of the plume"? Jerry Szal asked if a threc dimensional representation of temperature and current over depth could be obtained in the discharge plume to map the area of 1

concern, as the delineation of abiotic f actors first is less chtly than broad biological monitoring. The Committee decided to ask Robert Whitlatch and Richard osman, benthic biologists, to monitor plume temperatures using four Ryan temperature monitors in conjunction with their proposed panel studies to commence at the end of August. The money for the temperature monitors will come out of the present benthic budget, which may result in the number of panel stations being reduced by one from the proposed eight. Don believed that the capital expense for the abiotic monitoring effort should not exceed five thousand dollars. There was concern expressed by some Committee members regarding the use of PVC plastic pancis versus cement blocks in regards to benthic community interactions and with the complicating ef fect of depth on benthic species composition. Don explained that the panel studies to be done from August through October are more feasibility studies, and that data collected from them will be reviewed by a group of benthic ecologists at the 1991 winter workshop. Judy Pederson motioned and was seconded to accept the 1991 benthic study proposal which includes panel feasibility work, reconnaissance

diving, plume temperature monitoring using thermographs, and the benthic ecological workshops for 1991 and 1992.

The motion carried unanimously. Jerry then motioned which was seconded to terminate the quantitative three-site benthic monitoring for 1992 as currently done, to re-evaluate the benthic monitoring program design for future years based on a review of the recommendations of the upcoming benthic ecological panel meeting in winter 1991, and to implement by the summer of 1992 hny revised benthic proposal accepted at a special full A-T meeting to be held in January 1992. The qualitative diving / plume mapping survey will continue as is. The motion carried, with one dissenting vote. One committee member felt the present quantitative sampling should continue through 1992 until a now benthic monitoring program is accepted by the Committee and in place. Mdournnnt The meet; ) adjourned at 12:15 PM. 2

Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Cc.smittee Meeting Attendance August 1, 1991 Gerald Szal, Chairman DEP, Westboro Donald C. Miller EPA, Narragansett Carolyn Griswold NMFS, Narragansett Jack Parr EPA, Waltham Leigh Bridges DMF, Boston Robert Anderson BEco, Braintree Robert Lawton Mass. DMF, Sandwich Judith Pederson MCZM, Boston Brian Kelly Mass. DMF, Sandwich (recording secretary) 3

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