ML20079N412
| ML20079N412 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Prairie Island  |
| Issue date: | 12/31/1987 |
| From: | NORTHERN STATES POWER CO. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, NUDOCS 9111110221 | |
| Download: ML20079N412 (100) | |
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l l l i-t i TABLE 6.4-1 (Siteet 2 of 2) I ? Larvae Produced Survival N&r of Econcele ! Survival Adult Lost Classification C_ I Number by one resale __ Larvae to Adult i .i rntralned recundity* EJg to I,arvs_ l } - - , Unidentifiable eggs 887,000 - [ j - - - Unidentified Larvae 39,000 - i i Total 2,831,304 l Total Eggs 8,371,000 2,809,93) ! j 61,645,000 Forage j Total Larvae 5 Juveniles Sport /Corvoercial 21,339 j i 'l "recundit (195J): inninformation obtained (1958): Wolfert (1969): U1fross rey, 3Scott and risk and crossman Scott (1968) (1973): Strenn (1968): Swee and facCrismuon (1966): Bo ] so ? i A bAvera e of fecundities of several staller species. i l ~a T - Foraget C - Commercial s S = Sport. l 4 i 1 l i l 8 l i - i i 4 i i 1 J
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TABLE 6.5 -1 NUMBERS OF MAJOR FISII SPECIES IMPINGED AT PINGP, ESTIt%TES OF STANDING CRDP BASED ON TRAWL SURVEY, SIVRT CATCHES, AND ESTIMATES OF SIVRT FIS11 IUPULATIONS Total 1mpinged Trawl survey Tag and recapture Plant area North Lake Peterson Schnabel 1974 1975 33.4 ha 438 ha 2,252 270,684 Gizzard snad" 136,667 70,506 22,720 637 6,223 2,669 4,818 Channel catfish 173,910 155,335 White bass 1,367 2,712 2,190 60,006 Crapples 1,704 2,030 417 154,176 3,143 3,789 66,220 58,692 Drum 123,512 5 - 250 2,190 162,721 Walleye 417 1,752 609,809 228,784 Sauger 13 - 667 3,942 772,530 352,296 Sauger/ walleye 87 197 n tn to "Six million estimated for Sturgeon Lake (Andersen 1975) b Section 5.2 Section 4.5, 1974 - 1975. d Section 4.5, Sturgeon Lake to Lake Pepin, 1974 and 1975.
PRAIRIE ISLAND Nt! CLEAR GEN PLT ' ATTACHMENT 3 PRAIRIE ISLAND NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRArt 1984 ANNUAL REPORT ECOLOGICAL STUDIES, IMPINGEMENT OF FISH ES AND JTHER ORGANISMS ON THE PRAIRIE TSLAND PLANT COOLING WATER INTAKE TRAVELING SCREENS by Kenneth N. Mueller Environmental and Regulatory Activities Department Northern States Power Company 53
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I g'It GEMENT OF FISHES AND OTHER ORGANISMS ON THE PRAIRIE ISLAND PLANT COOLING WATER INTAKE TRAVELING SCREENS INTRODUCTION, There are presently two complete screening I at the Prairie Island rie r.t facilities operating The old, or original, traveling screens and screenhouse were designed to prevent debris, fish, and other organisms from entering the plant via the cooling water intake. The new screenhouse x 4 screens, completed in 1983, were designed and located to exclude fish from the warm circulating water system. Location of both sy?tems ste shown in Figure 1. Monitcring of fish and other organisms tmpinged on the old traveling screens has been conducted annually since the g plant became operational in 1973 and was continued during 1984. 3 The first full year of data was collected in 1974. Impingement and survival of fish at the new screening facility were also studied during 1984, and reported separately in the section, Fine Mesh Vertical Traveling Screen Survival Study, of this volume. As in previous years, impingement data were collected every other week. The terms "every other week", " biweekly", and "alterna* weeks" are used interchangeably in reference to samp-ling frequency. Biweekly and seasonal impingement rates, and length distribution are presented in this report. Predominant taxa, percent composition, and estimated annual total of fish collected in 1984 are presented and compared with previous years. A summary of non-fish organisms such as crayfish, tur-I ties, clams, and small mammals is included. METHODS l Impingement sampling was conducted every other week during 1984, beginning with the first two weeks, (weeks ending January 6 and 13), and ending with the last week (week ending December 28). 55 i
Plant helpers removed fish from the trash baskets at approxi-mately 8:00 a.m. Monday, Wednesday, and Friday each week, but delivered fish to the lab only every other week. Alternate week sampling periods included seven days ending on Friday. Annual impingement loss was estimated by multiplying actual numbers of fish collected by two. Observations were made during weekr, not sampled to assure no extraordinary losses occurred. Oh losses would be included in addition to the estimated total from sched-uled sampling. Exceptions were made to the sampling schedule when holidays coincided with collection dates, in which case sampling was done the following day. Debris and crganisms were separated, fish _ were taxonomically enumerated, and non-fish organisms were recorded. Procedures for counting and estimating numbers of fish have been described in previous annual reports. Total length in millimeters (mm) was recorded in 20 mm increments for all fish in m.asurable con-dition when the number per taxa or taxonomic group was less than 50. When a sample contained more than 50 young-of-the-yeat (yy)1 and adults per taxa, 50 of each_were measured. The l remaining fish were recorded as unmeasured, unmeasured yy, and/ or unmeasured adults. Fish removed from the bar rack were included in impingement data. Several species were combined into taxonomic groups for report-ing impingeme nt losses. Members of the family Cyprinidae, with the exception of carp 2 and silver chub, were recorded as " shiner species"._ Groups at genus level were used when similarity of 1Y oung-of-the-year (yy) refers tc fish less than one year of age after hatching. 2Text refers to fish by common name. Common and scientific names are presented in the Appendix. 56
l?7 I species and deterioration of specimens prevented positive iden-tification. Specimens deteriorated beyond recognition were g o listed as " fish skeletons". RESULTS h The 1984 estimated annual impingement loss totaled 210,590 fish, including specimens from 13 taxonomic families (see Appendix). Of the estimated loss, nearly 204,000 were gizzard shad, repre-I senting Sd.8 percent of the tocal. Only one species of shad occurs in the study area, hence gizzard shad will be re f e rred to as shad. Other predominant taxa, in decreasing order of abun-dance, included freshwater drum (1.4 percent), channel catfish, bluegill, shiner / minnow species, white bass, and crappie species (ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 percent). All other taxa combined represented 0.3 percent of the total number of fish impinged. Actual numbers of other gamefish included one largemouth bass, six sauger, and eight walleye. Tabla 1 provides a comparison of 8- 1984 predominant taxa, other taxa combined, and annual total, to those for 1983, and to the range and mea,i for 1974 through 1983. Chlorination of the cooling water system was conducted August 25, 19E4. Fish killed were collected and reported separately to the MDNR. Impingement sampling was continued as scheduled following chlorination, and reduced impingement rates were evident. Weekly imp ingeme nt data for all taxa collected in 1984 are pre-sented in Table 2. Based on the 27 weeks sampled, weekly loss averaged ),900 fish, with a range of 0 to 45,831 fish per week. Peak impingeme nt occurred in January (Figure 2). Shad predomi-nated the January peak. Ninety-three percent of annual impinge-ment occurred between January 1 and February 10, at which time I 99 percent of the fish collected were shad. Over 95 percent of all thad collected during 1984 were taken at that time. Impingement decreased af ter mid-February and remained low with 57 m-' - - - - - - _ - . - - - -
minor peaks occurring in June and November. Channel catfish (191), carp (4 5) , and shiner / minnow spp. (945) collected during the week ending June 16 dominated the increased impingement rate s seen in June. Impingement of all predominant taxa increased in g November. Preshwater drum (708) and shad (1,133) collected m November 2 accounted for the majority of fish c'reating the November peTk. Impingement of white bass, bluegill, and crappie spp, was minimal throughout the year, but appeared in the sam-ples most frequently during the three peak periods. A seasonal summary of 1984 impingement is presented in Table 3. g Percent of each taxa collected per season is included. Four percent of the annual total was collected in fall (Oct-Dec) and 95 percent during winter (Jan-Mar). The majority of shad, white bass, and bluegill were collected during winter. Freshwater drum, crappie spp., and shiner / minnow spp. appeared most fre-quently in fall. Length frequency distribution for all taxa is presented in . Table 4, and for predominant species in Figures 3 through B. Nearly 100 percent of the shad collected in 1984 were recorded I as young-of-the-year (yy). Shad less than 200 mm, and recorded as yy, represented 1983 and 1984 year classes. Most of these fish were collected in January and February prior to 10a d epawn-ing, and must be considered from the 1983 year class. Fish collected from the bar rack were combined with those from the trash baskets and included in length f requency data. Clams were the predominant non-fish organisms collected (Table 5). All clam species were combined for reporting, and included Paper Pondshells, Floa te rs , Fragile Paper Shells, Pawn's Foot, Asiatic Clam (Corbicula), and unidentified clams. The diversity _ of non-fish organisms was reduced from 1983. Only one turtle species, the spiny softshell, was collected. One bat was the only small mammal, and there were no birds. Surviving aquatic . organisms were released. 58 l
I ( l l DISCUSSION during 1984 have been collected and reported All taxa impinged although the number of species was reduced in previous years, from 1983. bluegill, and shiner / minnow spp. were impinged in More shad, 1984 than 1983. All predominant taxa, except shad, exhibited impingement during 1984. The numbe r of lower than average was most dramatically reduced from 41,390 in freshwater drum 1983 to 2,944. Fewer white bass and crappie spp, were collected i than in any previous year. Channel catfish impingement was of 1983, and of the ten-year approximately one-third that average. The total of all other taxa combined (574 fish) was also lower than any previous year. It appears there may have been several plant-induced factors, as as natural effects, influencing fish impingement during well The emergency by-pass gates of the new screenhouse were 1984. 15, 1984, allowing open from July, 1983 through Fe bruary unscreened water and fish to enter the circulating water system. December 2, 1983 to January 3, 1984. Unit 1 was off line from temperature fluctua-Increased water appropriation and, water ions, associated with return of the unit to service, coincide See the Water Tempera-with peak fish impingement in January. and of the 1983 Annual 1 ture and Flow sections of this volume Report for specific outage dates, flow data, and temperatures. ' occurred in Above average impingement, predominately shad, January and early February (Figure 9). Nearly 100 percent of the majority the shad taken in 1984 were recorded as yy , bu t to closing were actually of the 1983 year class collected prior ! of the by-pass gates in mid-February. Impingement of fish other than shad, af ter February 15, was much lower than the average of screenhouse may previous years (Figure 10), indicating the new fish from entering the circulating be effective 11 preventing water system. 59 I e> +a'
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Impingement was slightly above average in mid-June, affecting primarily channel catfish, carp, and shiner / minnow species. This may be attributed to increased water appropriation and high river flos which occurred in June (Table 3, Water Temperature and Flow section) . . Fall impingement was greatly reduced from previous years, but an increase did occur in October and November ( Figu re s 9 and 10). The minor peak may be indicative of the annual die-off histori-cally affecting yy fish in the fall. Review of the data indica-ted the majority of freshwater drum and shad, collected in l October and November, were less than 160 mm total length and were of the 1984 year class. Also occurring at that time were i n te rmi t te nt plant outages of Unit 1 (Oct 2-Nov 7) and Unit 2 (Sept 4-Oct 12). Fluctuations in water temperature and increas-ed appropriation, associated with resumed service of the units, may have had as much ef fect on impingement as the fall die-off, g Lower than average fall impingement may be attributed to closure I of the by-pass gates in February, and a reduced fish population in the canal following chlorination in August.
SUMMARY
Estimated annual impingement nearly equalled that of 1983 and was higher than the average of the previous ten years. Shad comprised nearly 97 percent of the total. The majority of g impingement, primarily shad of the 1983 year class, occurred E prior to closing the by-pass gates of the new screenhouse in mi d-Febru a ry . Numbers of f reshwater drum and white bass were most dramatically reduced. Over the years, highest impingement has occurred in the fall, primarily affecting yy fish. During 1984, impingement peaked in February and was greatly reduced thereafter. Reduced fall impingement in 198 4 may be attributed to closure of the by-pass gates preventing fish from entering the canal and reduction of the canal's fish population during chlorination in August. 60 1
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FIGuttE 2 NUMBERS OF FISH COLLECTED PER WEEK FROM THE PRAIRIE ISLAND PL' ANT TRASH BASKETS DURING 1984 ' 50000 1 l - 1 I 40000-N i 2A
'h .
{5 30000-(L hh m tT tu o
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10000-Legend A votat avuote or res X. to'at i m =>rs = == s= ==
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I M en sus em mus. - _ _ M 'M . PIGURE 3 LENGTH FREQUENCY OF GlZZARD SHAD IMPINGED DURING 1984 350 300-250- . g i~~ e. l$ ylg 5
$ ' 150 -
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& p, y 100 k ,,
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TOTAL LEllGIll mm d pa__
- ..~..,.4.-
l FIGURE 4 l. l LENGTH FREQUENCY OF CHANNEL CATFISH IMPlNGED DURING 1984 70-e 60-I'I ' , + 1 f '/ 50-I 40- [f tt !/ '/ m O ;/p: [
^
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'W # # #EN# We'44'4444' 4 '444't9'f'f'$'f4'$'<f TOTAL tE HGill mm
as sua sua sus num se as uma mas . _m..-.n.--- t'I G(lif E 5 LENGTH FREQUENCY OF WHITE BASS IMPINGED DURING 1984 3 20-l T is - g C . i y. h L . f. m 'O' W4
.i /
h O j? g).d I
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f,'l ', G: ff /: N j
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fNS -S 'N 0+-@ - 9 f39 NN dN fN q Y o fo1e w e @r e r e w? s p <s g s $ TOTAL LDiGTH mm 1 j
%' ,! t i . !. . [ . ,
m .. 4 - 8 ] 9 4 1 [ - G [ NI R : 1'og U g - D _ 0 D o7 E G ' N 0 I P 4 M I 0 m. L , 4m - L
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i l FIGUllE 7 LENGTH FREQUENCY OF CRAPPIE SPP. IMPINGED DURING 1984 ? eo-70-60 4 l g so . i l O ci ac
\
'dl !
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$ .50 - '.: t i ' [
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~
n uune 8 . ; LENGTH FREQUENCY OF FRESHWATER DRUM IMPINGED DURING 1984 200 15 0 , x 7; y : Pg Ei m'- m . z : 50 ; -
. .. ?. .- .. .,
W, . . 5% , h 0: si
; ;, y k.
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TOTAL LDJGTil mm
.- 4 . m .- - ammmus h M * % - - m e M SN
as ama ese sus == se mas amm === =--------- FIGURt; 9 NUMBERS OF FISH COLLECTED PER WEEK FROM THE PRAIRIE ISLAND PLANT TRASH BASKETS DURING 1984 COMPARED TO THE PREVIOUS 10 YEAR AVERAGE f.0000
.t0000 -
- e 1:!
3: o ; [F3 30000 ) tt.
$ !!5 i.:
'O y 20000 IS I! q 10000 \
Legend 0 - r--[TT "i~' M ' i i JAll l~EB MAR APR MAY jut 1 JUL AUG SEP OCT t40V DEC JAtl 1984 1985 M Orilli
FIGURE 10 NUMBERS OF FISH LESS GlZZARD SHAD COLLECTED EVERY WEEK FRC'M IHE PRAIRIE ISLAND PLANT TRASH BASKETS DURING 1984 COMPARED TO THE AVERAGE OF THE PREVIOUS 10 YEARS 4000-A 3500-I t i 3000-- f i iM 2500
; 1 m
In g , 2000 I Ei 1
}g 1500 -
l B n 7 l i Z
'"'" f\ i \]\
tJ i Legend W~ . L ^ n 10 YEAR AVERAGE
/ __
\ i} 1% , , , , ,
, m ~'-- - ,- D T,'T ZZT2 ==r ij, r-"---N
~^
o . ') r- b r - - - r - Si JAtt JUN JUL AUG sip OCT (40V bEC JAll IEB MAR APR MAY 1985 1984 MONiil , i Nd h.
^
h
Table 1. Estimated Numbers and Pe rce nt Composition of Predominant Taxa Impinged at Prairie Island in 1984, 1983, and Ranges , Means, and Percent Composition for 1974 Through 1983. 4 I Number / Percent Composition 1984 1983 1974-83 i Range Mean/% Comp Estimated Estimated 171,972 9,381-456,949 130,539 Gizzard shad 203,956 k 77.3 77.0 8 96.8 41,390 2,248- 74,422 22,346 F;eshwater drum 2,944 18.6 13.2 1 1.4 3,458 502 - 8,457 3,366 Channel catfish 1,014 1.6 2.0 0.5 708 242 - 2,317 797 Bluegill 880 0.5 0.4 0.3 186 - 5,580 1,127 Shiner / minnow spp. 730 262 0.1 0.7 0.3 1,312 1,014- 44,638 6,874 White bass ' 274 4.1 O.1 0.6 2,390 357 - 6,852 2,268 I Crappie spp. 218 0.1 1.1 1.3 221,492 23,597-553,306 167,317 Estimated total of 210,016 98.7 predominant taxa 99.7 99.6 747 6,908 2,271 574 986 - Other Taxa Combined 1.3 5 0.3 0.4 222,478 24,96~-554,590 169,588 Estimated Annual 210,590 E- Total ,8 mi L.J
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M guns e suam' unus imur aus m m M M' M M M M M 855E Wum ' sum Iable> 3. .NU.., .5. it.5 EEA50NAL (;pMP AR $ 50N OF &M7NS E M S A 8dD OF FleH TANA S MP S NGi o ** EVE R Y O T HE N hse E N "* AT P R A l fl I E SSLANO l Hitl1LS SER1tWe SunnES TALL l JANUARY ~ MAft CH A p
- c a, ~ JUNE JULY ~ EEPTEMSea OCTOBER - CECEMBER i_Cf 101AL tiuf1BE lg 8 QF TItIAL t*MDRES x_OF T o tAL JAES IfutBER X OF TRIAL HUMS 6 4 e.e e 4.e 644eer toeprep 3 e.G .1 B93 9 e.e e 4.0 2 See.e Lessesse ser G 8.0 e 49 0.0 36 8.0 2443 24 Gesserd ehed 99258 97.3 Fe .2.8 43 53.F 3 362 Cor p 3 5.5 See.G e e.G e e.e Seever ebuh a 4.8 8 2 3.5 34 12.2 2 8.6 858 84.F Hammew epeeees 52.8 30 12.8 73 St.2 9 3.e $22 Shaser speeeee e EF.4 i
F.8 5 35.7 e e.e Correusser species 8 e e.e e 4.s 2 Ret.e e 40 5=esseeuth 6ussate e e.3 e e.e e e.e 5 tet.e 84emouth bus.te e.e e 4.5 e e,e Eherthead reeheroe le 80s.4 e e e.e e e.e 2e 96.6 Battheed epeates B 34
- 34.3 25e 49.3 86 3.2 4F 83.2 Chemmet entsteh 874 4 25.0 8 8.6 le 62.5 2 82.5 Flathead estiloh e,$ e e.e T 899.8 Treut-pareb e 4.5 e 4 0.0 e 9.4 e e.e q Burbet 3 80s.4 e7.9 2 8.5 F 58 35 25.5 on Hkete bees 93 9.6 See.e 9 9.5 e Rosa base e e.8 1 30,4 3 4.8 e 9.e 54 FF.8 Green su=sieh 38 63.2 85 3.4 5 8.8 842 32.3 Blueseta 27e e.g 3 See.e e e.e e e.e e L er semout h heee e e.e 200 98.7 e F.3 I a.9 C,eppie speetoe e e.e 5 G3.3 8 84.7 e e.e Seuser 82 5 4 0.8 e e.e Meteere F $7.5 8 34,8 98 6.2 5 4.3 e64 54.7 Fae h=eser drue 582 e.e 86.7 4 25.0 F Ee.3 e Fseh onesesees 2 e.e e e.e i Dae.e e e.e sussese speesee e e.e Bee.e e 8.5 e e.e Centret owdadesem e 8 449 e.4 43 e.8 4233 4.e TOTAL $99398 95.3 TOEAL LESS 86 9 4F 2.0 855e 44.F GlZZAHO CHAD $848 34.4 See
~ . _ _ _ - s
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g' g g m m m sumus summt m e. - - - - - g 3 g lable 4. (Continued) Jameuany to, sees L E NGT H F R E DUE NCV ANO NunBERS OF F ISH LOS T OUE TO S ttP R NGE ME N T AT T 64E FRAle8f ISLAND FRANT 1ABULATED F R Ort COL L E CT I ONS MADE EVERF OIHEN HE E 9f
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1; ' i Table 5. Non-fish Organisms Collected "Every Other Week" from the Prairie Island Plant Trash Baskets during 1984. l ORGANISMS TOTAL Spiny softshell turtles 22 Clams 185" i Crayfish 24 1 1 , Mudpuppy 7 1, Leopard frog 3 4 Toad 1
- g Bat 1 a l
243 "Every other week" Total l 1
- Clams include - Fawns foot, corbicula, paper pond shells, floaters, fragile paper shells, and unidentified clams. .
- I I
i 80 I 1
i l Appendix- - Common and- Scientific Names of Fish Impinged at the Prairie Island Plant during 1984 ( Af ter Bailey et al. 1970) Common Name Scientific Name Silver lamprey I. unicuspis Longnose gar Lepisosteus osseus Gi::ard shad Dorosoma cepedianum Central mudminnow Umbra limi i Carp Cyprinus-carpio Minnow and shiner species Family Cyprinidae Silver' chub _ Hybopsis storeriana Carpsucker species Genus Carpiodes Smallmouth buffalo Ictiobus cubalus Bigmouth buffalo I. cyprinellus- , E Shorthead redhorse M. macrolepidotum 4 Redhorbe_ species Genus Moxostoma Bullhead species Genus Ictalurus Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus Flathead cacfish PyloJictus olivaris Trout-perch Percopsis omiscomaycus Burbot Lota lota White bass Morone chrysops-Rock bass _ Ambloplites rupestris Green sunfish Lepomli.cyanellus
-Bluegill L. macrochirus .
Large.. tooth bass M. salmoides Crappie species Genus Pomoxis Sauger- Stizostedion canadense Walleye. S_ . vitreum
' Freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens 81 b ' '
< e PRAIRIE ISLAND NUC1. EAR GEN PLT -
1 ATTACIMENT 3 l
;31RIE ISLAND NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING _ PROGRAM 1998 ANNUAL REP 0BI i
FINE MESH NERTICAL TRAVELING SCREENS IMPINGD1E}{I SURVIVAL STUDY ' I I i i Prepared for , Herthern States Power Company Minneapolis, Minnesota by t G. M. Kuhl
^
) K. N. Mueller
. j-i E
Environmental and Regulatory Activities Department 1 Northern States Power Company t 69
I INTRODUCTIOi{ Studies to assess the offectiveness of fine mesh (0.5 mm) vertical traveling screens in reducing entrainment impacts on fishes in the vicinity of PINGP were begun in 1984; 1988 represented the fifth year of the study. b";is report will provide a summary of the five years' data and program mo(.ifications anticipated during 1989. The extreme low flow conditions during 1988 resulted in a very large plankton community in the vicinity of PINGP. Samples collected throughout much of the summer vero characterized by large amounts of zooplankton and phytoplankton; it was visually apparent that mortality was greatly increased as a result of fish being confined with the mass of material in the samples. In addition, sorting time increased dramatically, which resulted in increased mortality of fish in these samples. As a result, samp2 ing was suspended from dune 22 to July 8, 1988. Due to conditions outlined above, it was apparent that survivorship data generated would not be representatiSe of impingement survivorship but would be affected by mortality
, incv.rred during sampling. NSP discussed this issue with the , Minnesota Pollution Control Agency and it was mutually ) agraad that this data veuld not provide useful information for assessing the effectiveness of the fine mesh screens at PINGP. Therefore, this report will not include initial survivorship data or latent survivorship data. Initial samples were sorted and specimens identified; these data were used for estimating fish and egg density only.
METHODS AND MATQUAL SAMPLE COLLECTION 71 l ______--__---_---_-____A
hample collection commenced on April 8, 1980 and co9tinued thtungh August 31, 1988. Samples vers collected on Honday,
'iedr.ceday, and Friday of each week throughout the season by diverting 25 percent (2 out of the 8 screens) of the screen Wash water into collection tanks in the basement of the environmental lab. Wash water flows by gravity from the screen wash trough, into a drop structure, and through an !
18-inch diameter pipe into the environmental lab basement. i screen wash water was channeled from the 18-inch pipe through a larval collection tank manufactured by Lawler, Hatusky, and Skelly Engineers (figure 1). The collection tank fJ1ters acroon wash water through 0.5 mm mesh nylon scret material. Filtered water was returned to the circulating water system via a 12-inch diameter drain pipe. 4 The screen Wash trough was manually cleaned prior to sample collection on each dtte of the 1988 sample season, to reduce accumulated debris and fish in the fish return and sampling systems. Three types of samples were collected to provide various data desired. Sample types included abundance, initial survival, and latent survival. During sample collection, physical parameters were recorf.ad including collection time and duration, screen speed, number of screens sampled, river stage, and water temperature._ Volume of river water filtered by the intake screens was obtained from the PINGP monthly thermal effluent report. Following a Jesignated sampling duration, all fish and any debris were rinsed into two collectioni baskets located in the collection area of the tank (Figure 2). These baskets were then removed from the tank, the contents transferred to four-liter beakers, and transported to the fish handling and sorting area for further processing. All samples were collected with the traveling screens in the " automatic mode 72
t at a rotation speed ranging from three to ten feet per minute. As discussed in the Introduction, effects of 1988 flow conditions resulted in changes to the larval survivorship program. Methods for initial survival samples will be presented in this report since data from these samples were used for density estimates; data were not used to generate survivorship estimates. INITIAL SURVIVAL SAMPLES These samples were collected during early morning prior to daylight to determine night density of fish and eggs and initial survival of fish impinged on the fine mesh traveling screens (Figure 3). These samples underwent a "first" and "second" sort. The first sort was designed to remove live and dead fish, with emphasis placed on removing all live fish in a time-efficient manner. Fish were soparated from debris and placed in vials labeled alive" or "deau', based on the presence or absence of movement. The second nort was designed to assure removal of all remaining fish and eggs. All fish and eggs were preserved in five percent buffered formalin solution and retained for identification. Sorting efficiency was maximized by pouring only portions of the sample at a time into glass baking dishes placed on light tables, providing light from below. Af ter completion of the first sort, the entire sample was preserved in 10 percent formalin solution, buf fered with calcium carbonate, and containing rose bengal stain. The sample was resorted after the stain had an opportunity to penetrate any remaining fish and eggs, with maximum uptake ! of stain requiring approximately 24 hours. Fish from the l i second sort were included with the " initial dead" from'the first sort. 4 73 i
c During periods of excessive debris loading subsamples were sorted. percent of total sample sorted was recorded for calculating density and impingattent estimates. During 1988, a 50 percent split was performed on nine initial samples, five of which required a further 1/4 split, resulting in 1/8 of each total sample for identification. EMDANCE SAMPQE Abundance samples were collected during early to midmorning to estimate day density of fish and eggs impinged on the fine mesh traveling screens (Figure 4). Af ter the sample was collected, all fish, eggs, and debris were preserved in 10 percent buffered formalin solution containing rose bengal stain. The sample was sorted after the stain had an opportunity to penetrate all organians (minimum of 24 hours). All fish and eggs were removed and placed in a labeled vial containing five percent buffered formalin solution and retained for identification. Collection duration on abundance samples varied from 5 to 15 minutes, depending on fish density and the amount of zooplankton, insects, and detritus in the drif t. Heavy debris loading necessitated subsampling for abundance estimates on fourteen collection dates. On eight of the dates, 50 percent of the sample was sorted. Further splits vers required on six dates, resulting in 1/4, 1/8, and 1/16 of the total sample for sorting, on 3, 2, and 1 sample dates, respectively. LATENT SURVIVAL SAMPLES Sampling methodology for determination of latent mortality (Figure 5) was consistent with previous years as described by Kuhl and Mueller (1987). Methodology will not be described here b'ecause survivorship data vill not be presented in this report. 3 74 1
1 DATA AFALYSIS_ METHODS , fish and raa Density Fish and egg densities were calculated on a day and night basis using data from abundance and initial survival samples, respectively. Using a combination of sample duration, plant blowdown, and identification data, density values were calculated as numbers of fish or eggs per 100 cubic meters of water. Values were initially calculated by individual taxa and life stage for each date; then expanded to day and night densities of all taxa and life stages combined for each date. A student's t-test was performed to test for significance between day and night density of all taxe and life stages combined. Imoinaement Estiph Estimates of the number of fish and fish eggs impinged on the fine mesh traveling screens were calculated by averaging data from the initial, survival and abundance samples. These values were expanded to weekly and yearly impingement estimates. When only initial or abundance data were avail-able for a given day, impingement estimates were based on that sample.
, Identification hethodoloay All fish and eggs collected were identified to the lowest practical taxon by life stage and developmental phase. Life stages included egg, larvae, juvenile, and adult.
Terminology and criteria are similar to those described by Auer (1982). The larval stage was divided into two developmental phases, prolarvaa and postlarvae, which a. correspond to Auer's terms yolk-sac larvae and larvae. 75 I
- . _ - - - .- .. - . - - - . . . - - - ~ . - - - - - - _ . - - - - .
l t Terminology and criteria: I Prolarvae (Yolk-sac larvae) - Phase of development from f moment of hatching to complete absorption of yolk. ! postlarvae (Larvae) - Phase of development from complete absorption of yolk to development of the full compliment of adult fin rays and absorption of finfold. I Juveniles - Phase of development from complete fin ray Il development and finfold absorption to sexual maturity. i Based on these criteria, a postlarval phase does not occur in l channel catfish 1/, flathead catfish, bu11 heads, and madtoms. 1
-- I
-All fish eggs removed from samples were enumerated, but only freshwater drum eggs were identified. Others were recorded as
" unidentified fish eggs". No differentiation was made between i live and dead eggs. Egg data were included only in density and total impingement estimates. i r
Total lengths (millimeters) of representative specimens were recorded to refine length ranges as established in previous years, for developmental phases of each taxon. , Identification aids included published and unpublished literature, recent manuals (Auer,- 1982 and Holland, 1983), reference specimens from previous studies, and dissecting microscopes with bright field / dark field basis and polarizing filters. 1
/ Test refers to fish by common name after Robins, et al 1980. ,
i i 76 l _ -. , - - . _ - - . - . . . , . - _ . ~ _ , - . . - _ _ _ . , . - - . .
l BIEULTE 1 A total of 100 samples was collected during 1988 (Table 1). These samples were collected from April 8 through August 31, i 1988 and provided data for approximately 35,000 fish and 8,000 eggs representing 43 taxa /lifestage combinations. Representa-tive total length ranges for 46 taxa /lifestage combinations collected at PINGp from 1984 through 1988 are presented in Table 2. ORGANTSM DEj(SIf? Organism density estimates ranged fror zero to more than 280 organisms per 100 cubic meters of river vator for 45 paired day / night samples collected from May 2 through August 31, 1988 (Table 3). Mean day and night density for the 45 paired estimates was 20.36 and 26.86 organisms per 100 cubic meters of rive. water, respectively. Hight organism density was i significantly higher than day estimates (p <0.05). ESTI1215D TMPINGEMENT The estimated number and percent composition of all taxa /lifestage combinations collected between April 8 and August 31, 1988 are presented in Table 4. More than 12 million eggs and 54 million fish were estimated to be impinged on the PINGP vertical traveling screens during 1989. Trashwater drum prolarvas comprised 42.6 percent of the total, followed by freshwater drum eggs and Cyprinidae postlarvae with 14.5 percent and 11.6 percent of the total, respectively. All lifestages combined for freshwater drum and cyprinidao comprised 84.7 percent of the total estimated impingement during 1968. The game species walleye and sauger (all life stages combinod) comprised less than 0.04 percent of the total estimated impingement. a i 77 I t .
Figi'.re 6 depicts daily estimated walleya inpingement during 1988; valleye were collected from May 2 through May 11. Daily estimated sauger impingement is presented in Figure 7, this species being present in samples collected from May 2 through May 20. Weekly impingement estimates for freshwater drum, white base, and gizzard shad are presented in Figures 8 through 10, respectively. 1984-1988. suMMAny since survival estimates were not calculated during 1988, the data summarizing this portion of the study is identical to that provided in 1987 (Kuhl and Hueller, 1987). Initial, latent, and overall survival data for all taxa /lifestage
' combinations collected from 1984 through 1987 for which overall survival estimates could be calculated are presented '
in Table 5. Taxa /lifestage combinations represented by few ' ( individuals do not allow for adequate characterization of survival, howev'r, e only seven of the 33 taxa /lifestage I combinations are represented by fewer than 100 individuals. Fifteen of these same 33 taxonomic groups are represented by nore than 1,000 individuals each. Tab.le 6 summarizes thers data into overall survival by subjectively grouping taxa /lifestage combinations into survival ranges; 0-10, 11-30, 31-50, and >50 percent overall survival. It is apparent that overall, prolarvae and postlarvas exhibit lower survival while juveniles exhibit highest survival. catostomidae, channni catfish, and valleye exhibit relatively high survival for the lifestages collected. Freshwater drum, gizzard shad, and white bass exhibit relatively poor survival for all life stages collected, with the possible exception of freshwater drum juveniles. Table 7 summarizes survival information collected from 1984 through 1987 for all taxa /lifestage combinations by sample type. , Survival data collected during 1987 was the lowest for 78 i
all categories e:tcopt latent survival of prolarvae. Data from 1984 exhibited the highest survival estimates for all lifestages in initial, latent and overall estimates, due to the large numbers of channel catfish collected in 1984. The low aurvival of prolarvae and postlarvas in initial samples cellected during 1987 resulted i r, low overall survival estimates for the year. As suggested in 1987 and as was obvious in 1988, excessive debris can affect and quite possibly control initial survival estimateu. This is compounded in samples where large numbers of fish also occur, increasing sorting time and thereby increasing mortality. Figures 11 through 14 indicate the percent contribution to total impingement and corresponding overall survival estimates for the four dominant taxa /lifestage combinations collected from 1984 through 1987. During 1984 (Figure 11) three of the four predominant taxa /lifestage combinations (75.1% of total estimated impingement) exhibited overall survival estimates greater than 47 percent. This was due to large numbers of channsi catfish prolarvae and juveniles as well as large numbers of cyprinidae juveniles. These taxa /lifestage combinations were mainly responsible for the 1984 overall survival estimate of 42.1 percent. During 1985 (Figure 12) freshwater drum prolarvae and cyprinidae postlarvas comprised 32.2 percent of the total estimated impingement but their respective overall survival estimates were 0.6 percent and 8.4 percent. Channel catfish juveniles and carp prolarvas comprised 9.4 percent of total estimated impingement with survival estimates of 91.9 and 49.4 percent, respectively. These four taxa /lifestage combinations vare in large part responsible for the 1985 overall survival estimata of 23.1 percent. I a Figure 13 depicts two taxa /lifestage combinations, carp I prolarvae and catostomidae prolarvaa, with overall survival !1 1 l 1 l l l 79 ! l
1 estimates of 29.3 and 29.0 percent, respectively. The remaining two dominant taxa /lifestage combinations, freshwater drum prolarvae and gizzard shad postlarvaa, exhibited very low overall survival estimates of 0.3 percent and zero percont, respectively. The corresponding overall survival estimate for all taxa /lifestage combinations in 1986 was 16.1 percent. During 1987 (Figure 14) the four predominant taxa /lifestage combinations each exhibited survival estimates of less than three percent, while they cumulatively were responsible for 64.8 percent of total impingement estimates. These four taxonomic groups were clearly responsible for the low overall survival estimate of 2.88 percent. From the four years of survival information collected at PINGP, it has become clear that overall survival estimates ranging from 2.8 percent to 42.1 percent, are controlled by the survival of a re.ther small number of taxa /lifestage combinations, but these groups can represent a large portion of the total impingement estimates. During years when strong year classes of species exhibiting poor survival are present (e.g. freshwater drum), the overall survival estimates for that year are low. If a taxa /lifestage combination exhibiting relatively high survival (e.g. channel catfish juveniles) is one of the dominant groups, it will be reflected in overall survival. With the exception of channel catfish, forage and nongame species were represented as- predominant taxa /lifestage combinations impinged from 19 A4-1988. Estimated impingement of walleye and sauger for 1984-1988 has been a minor fraction of the total. Percent of total estimated impingement for all lifestage combinations of walleye, sauger, and stirostedien ; spp. was as follows: 1984, 0.07%; 1985, 0.11%; 1986, 0.18%; ; 1987, 0.13%; and 1988, 0.03%. Estimated white bass impingsaant for all lifestages combined has been less than 2.5 l 80
I percent during each of the five years of this study. During 1988 it became apparent that sampling induced mortality could have a pronounced inpact on initini survival estimates. Therefore, the larval survivorship study will be adapted, beginning in 1989, to address this concern, by introducing test fish into the sample collection system. 1 f l t I k I l 81
LITERATURr SUID Auer, H. A. (ed.) 1982. Identification et Larval Fish of the Great lakes Bauin with Emphasi'J on the Lake Michigan Drainage. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Ann Arbor,. Michigan. Special Pub. 82-3; 744 pp. Kuhl, G.M. and X. N. Mueller, 1988 Fine Mesh Vertical Traveling Screene Impingement survival Study. Int Prairie Island Hucidar Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1987 Annual Report. lierthern States Power Company Minneapolis, MN. l Holland, L.E. and M.L. Hustca (ed. ) . 1983 A Compilation of Available Literature on the Larvae of Fishan Common to the Upper Mississippi Ritter. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Rock Island, IL. 364 pp. Robins, C.R., R.F. 3ailty, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. 1 Lachner, R .1, . Lea, and W.B. Scott, 1980. A List of Common and Scientific Names of Fishes from the United States and Canada. American Fiaharles Society. Special Publication No. 12, Bethesda, MD. ' 1 4 l 82
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Figure 3. i I INITIAL SMPLE FLOW ChitT ! Colleet sample ' sort sample (First sort)N Live Fish Dead rish' (Preserved for ID) (Preserved for ID) i Preserve and stafn suple Remains > g (Debris and any fish missed during fi::st sort) I ' v Rose,rt Sample (Second Sort) Dead Fish *"and Eggs (Preserved for ID)
- Dead fish from first and second sort combined to yield " Initial Dead" 1
l i i i 85
Figuro 4. ABUNDANCE SAMPLE FLOW CHART collect sarnple Preserve and Stain Entire Sample Sort Sample I f L v Remove Fish and Eggs ir ' Preserve for Identification , i _
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i i l l l 87
6'T _ ESTIMATED NUMBER OF WALLEYE.lMPINGED DURING 1988 600
/
500 - l y 400 -
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E / R 200 - / 100 - o- , , , , \ 4/29 5/2 5/4 5/6 5/9 5/11 5/13 DATE PROLARVAE FIGURE 6 O w w -. muuuumump w w %e eumamensas
_ ~ ___ ___ __ ___ _ - e i i I e ESTIMATED NUMBER OF SAUGER IMPINGED t , DURING 1988 i 2 3000 - l 2500 - f
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i PROLARVAE : POSTLARVAE ! FIGURE 7 ' I
- WEEKLY ESTIMATED FRESHWATER DRUM IMPINGED DURING 1988 12 10 -
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o \ y 4 - 2 - o:: ; z e / - e -2 - : : : e e e c S/4 5/115/185/26 6/1 6/8 6/156/226/297/6 7/137/207/278/3 8/108/178/248/31 DATE EGG - P ROLARVAE -W POSTLARVAE O JUVENILE FIGURE 8 e w & m & m W %H - ~ * - -
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WEEKLY ESTIMATED NUMBER OF WHITE BASS IMPINGED DURING 1988 400 350 -
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WEEKLY ESTIMATED NUMBER OF GlZZARD SHAD IMPINGED DURING 1988 700 is 600 - [ x, T 500 -
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- j
! Percent Contribution and Survival l of Dominant Fish Species in 1984 l . Percent -
100 l l 80 - 74.6 63.4 : 63.6 : e 60 - i 47.6 i 4c - 1 : 3 l ' l 1 . ! 20 - - 14.1 ! : l 3.2
]
4
. O-l Channel Catfish Juv. Carp Prolarvae Cyprinidae JuvenileChannel Catfish Pro. l i
t !. % of Tota! Irnpinged FM % Survival i l Figure 11 , l I l
> Percent Contribution and Survival of Dominant Fish Species in 1985 Percent . 120 100 - 91,9 l 80 - g i 60 - i 49,4
"~ n e
20 -
! 8.4 5.8 4.9 3.5 O '-
Drum Prolarvae Channel Cat Juv. Cyprinidae Post. Carp Prolarvae E % of Total Impinged ** % Survival Figure 12 O W
l l I Percent Contribution and Survival of Dominant Fish Species in 1986 , Percent - 35
.3 N l 30 -
Carp Prc, larvae Drum Prolarvae Catostomidae Pro. Gizzard Shad Post.
% of Total Impinged F* % Survival
! Figure 13 i
i ( i I i Percent Contribution and Survival
~
of Dominant Fish Species in 1987 ! Percent . ! 35 l ! 30 - 27.7 i ! 25 - R 20 - 18.6 i l 15 - 10 - 9 5 - 4,7 2.68 i
- O
_3-- 0 mz+A WR O1 j Drum Prolarvae Cyprinidae Post. Drum Postiarvae Cyprinidae Pro. l l
% of Total Impinged E % Survival l Figure 14
~
1
s . I TABLE 1. lWMBER OF SAMPLES AND ORGiuiISMS COLLECTED BY SAMPLE TYPE IN 1988 1 SAMPLE imMBER or imMBER OF imMBER OF TYPE SAMPLES FISH EGGS Abundance 6 13,844 3,304 Initial Survival 46 20,845 4,573 TOTAL 108 34,689 7,877 i i l' s 97
, a E
TABLE 2. REPRESENTATIVE TOTAL LENGTH RANGES (mm) FOR 46 , TAXA / LIFE STAGE COMAINATIONS COLLECTED IN THE 1994-88 FINE MESH FIGH IMPINGEMENT STUDY Pro.. E2ati Juv. Channel catfish 11.0 - 18.0 N/A 15.0 - $1.0 P34asye 5.6 - 10.3 9.8 - 19.8 21.5 - 87.0 Sauger 5.1 - 10.6 S.4 - 14.6 - Lenonip, app. 4.3 - 6.2 4.2 - 13.5 14.2 - 66.0 Pomoxis spp. 4.2 - 5.7 4.1 - 15.6 16.4 - 75.0 , White bass 3.6 - 6.5 4.2 - 17.0 15.0 - 57.0 Rock bass 7.1 - 7.1 7.3 - 12.1 14.0 - 32.0 Trout-perch 6.3 - 6.6 9.0 - 12.8 13.0 - 43.0 Mooneye 8.3 - 19.3 13.0 - 15.0 - Burbat 3.8 - 7.6 - 84.0 - 04.0 Carp l 4.8 - 8.5 5.9 - 18.5 19.7 - 59.0 8 Cyprinids 3.1 - 6.2 5.0 - 17.0 12.9 - 60.0 - Catostomids 4.4 - 13.7 6.9 - 22.5 19.4 - 37.0 Freshwatep-trum 3 . 3 -- 9.5 6.2 - 14.3 12.5 - 03.0 i Flathead cLtfish 16.5 - 17.8 N/A 19.0 - 34.0 Tadpolo nadtum 10.8 - 11.8 N/A 14.5 - 21.0 Gizzard shad 3.6 - 0.6 5.5 - 21.7 19.0 - 50.0 Bullhead spp. - N/A 16.0 - 24.0 1 I
\
98
.- - . . - . . - ~ ..- ..- - .. -.- - - . -- - - - .. . .- -. . ~
Y TABLE 3~. DAY VS. NIGHT DENSITY TOR ALL TAXA /LIFESTAGE COMBINATIONS EXPRESSED AS NUMBER OT ORGANISMS PER 100' CUBIC METERS OF WATER FOR 1988 DATE DAY DENSITY- NIGHT DENSITY May. 2 0.000 0.219 4 0.321 0.268 6 0.369 0.263 9 3.986 0.727 11- 8.294 7.610 13 3.610 18.376
- 16- 18.363 0.032-18 8.094 9.451 20 6.243 5.083 23 23.517- 19.640 '
25 104.508 36.435 27 28*/.780 261.620 June 1 91.945 236.724 3 223.849 30.870 6 19.319 285.606 8 10.620 76.816 10 5.744 75.239 13 2.949 17.800 15 12.452 47.263 17 4.944 22.922 20 3.371 14.776 22 37.755 . 24 1.777 . 27 9.888 . 29 3.146 . July 1 3.024 . 6 3.688 .- 8 1.531- 4.137 11 , 6.917 4.626
-13 6.874 2.263 15 4.717 2.986.
18 7.205 1.471-20- 4.993 1.678 , 22 1.116 1.453
'5- 2.769 1.255
. .. i 2.964 1.406 29 2.464 2.295 August 1 1.074 1.284
-3 1.095 1.137 5
4 5.138 6.2111 8 2.272 0.736 10 5.461 0.993 12 8.560- 1.328 15 1.345 0.807 17 1.117 0.538 if 6.296- 1.255 22 0.547 0.668 24 0.698 1.922 26 0.313 0.049-23 0.480 C.517 31 0.072 0.144 Mean 20.362 26.864
-j l.
99
TABLE 4. ESTIMATED NUMBER AND PERCENT COMPOSITION OF FISH AND EGGS IMPINGED DURING 1988 TAXA LIFE STAGE ESTIMATED NO. PERCENT ~ IMPINGED COMPOSITION Burbot Postlarvae 3,136 0.005 Burbot Prolarvae 19,936 0.030 Carp Postlarvae 552,608 0.822 Carp Prolarvae 536,032 0.798 Catostomidae Juvenila 1,344 0.002 latostomidae Postlarvae 15,232 0.023 Catostomidae Prolarvae 145,600 0.217 Centrarchidae Postlarvae 8,736 0.013 Centrarchidae Prolarvae 9,408 0.014 Channel catfish Juvenile 110,656 0.165 Channel catfish Prolarvae 18,816 0.028 Coregonus spp. Postlarvae 448 0.001 Cyprinidae Adult 315,840 0.470 Cyprinidae Juvenile 6,028,512 8.973 Cyprinidae Postlarvam 7,789,600 11.594 Cyprinidae Prolarvae 525,504 0.782 Flathead catfish Juvenile 2,688 0.004 Freshwater drum Egg 9,782,976 14.561 , Freshwater drum Juvenile 331,968 0.494 Freshwater drum Postlarvae 3,525,994 5.248
- Frsshwater drum Prolarvae 28,620,928 42.599 Gitzard shad Juvenile 5,376 0.008 Gizzard shad Postlarvae 2,464,448 3.668 Gizzard shad Prolarvae 913,024 1.359 Lepomis.spp. Juvenile 77,952 0.116 Lepomis spp. Postlarvae 857,472 1.276 Lepomis spp. Prolarvae 370,944 0.552 Mooneye Prolarvae 448 0.001 Percidae Juvenile 4,032 0.006 Percidae Postlarvae 17,472 0.026 Percidae Prolarvae 41,440 0.062 Pomoxis spp. Postlarvae 61,824 0.092 Pomoxis spp. Prolarvae 2,912 0.004 Sauger Postlarvae 4,480 0.007 Sauger Prolarvae 16,128 0.024 Tadpole madtom Prolarvae 1,344 0.002 Walleye Prolarvae 2,688 0.004 White bass Juvenile 5,376 0.008 White bass Postlarvae 637,952 0.950 White bass Prolarvae 478,912 0.713 Unidentified Egg 2,438,464 3.629 Unidentified Postlarvae 5,376 0.008
' Unidentified Prolarvae 433,216 0.645 TOTAL 57,187,232 100 i 100
a
., .c .__ _ __ _ ._ -
l; TAtti 5. INITIAL, LAftNT AfD DVERALL SURVIVAL {'- 8Y TAKA AND LIFT 51 AGE FOR 1984 1987 OVERALL IWlflAL SURVIVAL LAT(NT $URVIVAL- SURVIVAL SPECits NAME L!ftSTAGE DEAD LIVE % LIVE DEAD LIVE ' 1 LIVE 1 LIVE Cittard shed Posttervae 2899 23 0.8 55 1 1.8 <0.1 Gitters shed Jwentle 17 8 32.0 13 1 7.* 2.3 Moonere Protorvae 39 12 23.5 25 4 13.8 3.2 Corp Protervee 1778 881 33.1 182 458 71.6 23.7 Corp Postlervee 1570 296 15.9 331 1638 83.2 13.2 Corp Jwent le 4 95 96.0 40 112 73.7 70.7 C mrinideo Protorvae 2622 8 0.3 17 10 37.0 0.1
. Cyprinidae Postlarvee 13690 391 2.8 276 339 55.1 1.5 Cyprinidae Jwenite 454 1306 74.2 719 1179 62.1 46.1 Cyprinidae Adult 0 8 100.0 8 13 38.1 38.1 Catostomidae .Protorvae 935 1088 $3.8 301 81.2 1296 43.6 Cetostomidee Post lervee 146 103 41.4 107_ 687 86.5
' 35.8 Cstostomtdee Jwentie 9 25 73.5 'r 50 87.7 64.5 Channel catfish Pret en ee 81 224 73.4 6 24 80.0 58.8 Channel cetfIsh- Jwentie 2535 5765 69.5 556 -2653 82.7 57.4 frout perch Jwenile 3 34 91.9 35 58 62.4 57.3 , Whlto bees. .Protervee 76 0 0.0 8 0' O.0- 0.0 - o White bass Posttervee 1227 155 11.2 513 122 19.2 2.2 Whlte beso Juventle 26 67 72.0 90 67- 42.7 30.7 Lepeale opp. Postlervee 215 10 4.4 23 7 23.3 1.0 Lopenta spp. Jwent t e 13 52 - 80.0 14 80 85.1 68.1 Pomonte opp. Postiervoe 177 9 4.8 17 18 51.4 2.5 Pomonis spp. Jwenite 2 30 93.8= 36 52 59.1 55.4 Seveer Protorvae $1 17 25.0 14 40 74.1 18.5 Sevoer Poettervee A4 17 27.9 10 9 47.4 13.2 Wetleye- Prolevee- 15 104 87.4 123 456 78.8 68.8
-Wetteye .PostLarvae 0 2 100.0 3~ 15 83.3 83.3 Percideo Protorvee 362 33 8.4 24 34 58.6 4.9 Percidae nogg.arvee 273 38 12.2 167 42 20.1_ 2.5 -
Percideo- ' Jwentle 19 40 67.8 26 90 - '77.6 52.6-Freshweter drue Protervee 20134 414 2.0 751 159 17.5 0.4 Freshwater drun Posttervee -3340 693 17.2 1145 447 28.1 4.8 Freshweter drum Jwent le .190 433 69.5 420 401 48.8 33.9 h 101-
. . . - - . . - - - - - ~ ~ - ~ - - - - _ - - . - - - - . - . _ . - - - - . . - ~ .
. 4 1
j i* I , TABLE 6.- OVERALL SURVIVAL _BY TAXA /LIFESTAGE FOR 1984-1987 TAXA l PERCENTAGE OVERALL i SURVIVAL PROLARVAE POSTLARVAE JUVENILE
' Freshwater drum Percidae Gizzard shad Percidae Pomoxis spp.
7. White bass Lepomis spp. 0 - 10 Cyprinidae White bass , Mooneye Cyprinidae Gizzard shad . Freshwater drum [ 11 - 30 Sauger Sauger White bass-4 Carp Carp ? I- 31 - 50 Catostomidas Catostomidae Freshwater drum Cyprinidae Channel catfish Walleye Percidae, Walleye Pomoxis spp.
> 51 Lepomis spp.
Trout-perch Channel catfish Catostomidae Carp l mi 102
. - . - . - _ . . ~ _ . . . . - - . . . . . - ~ . - . . - ~ . - - . - - - - . . - - - - . . . . - . . -
a.. - e.
\r
- TABLE 7. PERCENTAGE SURVIVAL FOR ALL SAMPLES AND LIFESTAGES
- BY YEAR 1984 1985 1986 1987 INITIAL SURVIVAL Prolarvae 26.9 12.3 7.3 2.7
-Postlarvae 15.6 22.1 8.0 4.4 ,
Juvenile 67.9 87.9 89.7 66.1 All lifestages 50.1 21.6 12.8 6.1
- LATENT SURVIVAL Prolarvae 64.4 69.2 43.7 62.5 Postlarvae 47.5 59.4 - 67.2 46.7.
Juvenilaf
~
74.2 87.2 69.2 : 26.9 All.lifestages 64.0' - 70.3 64.4 38.2 : OVERALL SURVIVAL Prolarvan 24.8 30.6 17.2 1.8 Postlarvan 17.5- 13.4 4.4 l'. 7 - Juvenile 57.4 60.7 48.0 2 6.1--- _All lifestages 32.1 15.2 8.3 2.7 103 d; t
, +,,.n m'-m. -, ,e,mr.-ee-.w,
- g. . .
- I PRAIRIE ISLAND NUCLEAR GENERATING PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 1935 ANNUAL REPORT PRAIRIE ISLAND NUCLEAR GEN PLT ATTACHMENT 4 I
I I WALLEYE /SAUGER REPRODUCTION STUDY E I E E I E E .
=
Charles A Donkers Environmental and Regulatory Activities Department Northern States Power Company 8 155
ft ' ' l gu WALLEYE /SAUGER REPRODUCTION STUDY I INTRODUCTION A requirement of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination a System (NPDES) permit for Prairie Island Nuclear Generating U
- Plant (PINGP) is to evaluate spawning success of walleye and sauger as related to chill period and open cycle operation.
Large numbers of walleye and sauger reside in the portion of the Mississippi River immediately below Lock and Dam 3 (approxi-mately six-tenths of'a kilometer downstream from PINGP), which serves as a concregation area for welleye and sauger during winter months. During this period, ambient water temperatures and duration of exposure to these temperatures may affect gonad maturation of walleye and sauger. Because open cycle operation raises water temperatures below Lock and Dam 3, a monitoring I program was set up to evaluate gonad maturation of female walleye and sauger. Background data were collected from 1981 through 1983, so comparisons could be made between the mode of winter operation used prior to 1983 and open cycle winter opera-tion. PINGP ceased using cooling towers during winter months in December of 1983. I Walleye and sauger are annual spawners with synchronous occyte growth during fall and winter. Laboratory studies indicate that maturation depends upon low water temperature during this period and occurs when water temperature drops below 12 degrees centi-grade (Hokanson 1977). MATERIALS AND METHODS Walleye and sauger are collected below Lock and Dam 3 when mature females are close to spawning condition (approximately the first part of April), which corresponds to an ambient river temperature of approximately nine degrees Centigrade. Specimens 157
i are obtained using a pulsed, direct current electrofisher (des-cribed in the PINGP Pisheries Population Study) equipped for night shocking, or they are obtained f rom Lake City MDNR person-nel who use an alternating current electrofisher. Sex, maturity, total length, and weight were recorded for all fish collected. Scale samples were taken for age analysis, and ovaries from mature females were removed and weighed to the nearest gram. Gonad-to-body weight ratios and age were calculated for individuals from which ovaries had been removed. Gonad weight versus total weight were plotted and regression equations calcu-lated. RESULTS Eighteen walleye and ten sauger were collected in three days of electrefishing during 1984. Repression lines for gonad weight versus total weight were calculated for both species. The regression equation for walleye was: - GWT = -122 + 0.246 wt (r-square = 0.969) The regression equotion for sauger was: GWT = -32 + 0.222 wt (r-square = 0.969) Regression lines for preoperational and operational data were calculated for each day five or more walleye /sauger were collected. Equations are listed in Table 1 and illustrated in Figure 1. 158 l
. . _ _ _ _ _ . __ ____ - _ _ . .m _ . _ _ ___m . . _ . _ - - _ _ _ _ . _ _
DISCUSSION to assess impacts on walleye /
-The objective of this study was sauger reproductive success due to PINGP open- cycle operation. ;
Three years of-preoperational and two years of operational fecundity data have been collected. Gonad versus total weight regression equations were used to compare preoperational with operational eras. Palmquist (1983) determined gonad versus total weight displays a stronger rela-tionship than- gonad weight versus total length. It is assumed reduced _ reproductive success (impaired egg ma*. oration) is indi-cated by a decrease in gonad weight for a given size fish. . This is synonymous to a decrease in the regression line slope. The relative contribution of eggs to total bocy weight increases as spawning time approaches. Prior to spawning, walleye eggs may account- for 27 percent of the total weight. It is difficult to capture females at identical developmental stages each year. Data should therefore consist of several collection days, either within-one year or between several years, to account for various degrees of egg development. In - the past a student's t-test was used to compare results; however, standard statistical methods should not be -applied to n o n-no rma l-- distributions. Both walleye and saucer spawning populations are skewed and bounded'at the -- you nge r ages, making theminon-normal. For1 statistical verification, a non-parametric method must be employed. Also required is greater precision in selecting and identifying a specific developmental' stage; or
. collecting an even distribution of developmental stages. .
Preoperational data for walleye consists of 46 fish collected in 7 days; operational data consists of 28 fish collected in 4 days.- Regression analysis is presented in Table 1. Strict interpolation of the regression analysis (the lower the slope 159
~
the greater the impairment to egg maturation) should not be per-f o rmed due to experimental design and natural variances. Differences exhibited in regression slopes is thought to be pri-
-marily caused- by collecting fish of various stages of egg d e ve lopme nt '. Due to the uncertainties in developmental stages collected, reliable statistics are nonexistent. ,However, the large overlap in preoperational and operational data presented in Figure 1 strongly suggests no impairment of egg development.
From 1981 to 1983, 24 sauger were collected, 20 of which were collected-in one day. It is impossible to collect further pre-operational data, however with the accruement of two years of operational data an assessment can be made. Figure 2 strongly suggests no change in reproductive capabilities between pre and operational era's. Statistical verification cannot be performed for the_same reasons as were given for walleye. Continuation of this study will be of little benefit. Present-ly, the data does not - support the hypothesis of reproductive impairment for either : walleye or sauger. In fact a strict interpretation of the high slopes presented in Table 1 for walleye -(4/17/84 ) ana sauger (4/22/85) contradicts s decline in reproductive success (Donkers 1984). Since egg . development is an- annual. occurrence, no lag-time to impact is expected. A continuation of this study, as is,-would therefore be unlikely to-show reproduct'ive impairment in the' future. Additional data would only show the natural range as reflected from regression analysis. P esently two years of operational data _indic. ate no
' imp ai rme n t , a third year, if a lower slope'were calculated could probably -be explained by experimental design or natural variation.
160
l .g
SUMMARY
1 Eighteen walleye and ten sauger were collected in 1985 to evalu-ate spawning success. Neither sauger or walleye females show any decline in gonad development due to present winter operating conditions at the PINGP. Reproductive impairment in future years is unlikely due to to the nature of reproduction, Continuation of this study will not support the hypothesis of g B reproductive impairment due to open cycle operation at PINGP. Discontinuation of this study is therefere recommended. I 9 I I I I I
~
I I I 't 161 I
$ a t
LITERATURE CITED Hokanson, K.E.F. 1977. Temperature Requirenjents of Sorte Percids -i and Adaptations to the Seasonal Temperature Cycle. J.-Fish / Res. Board Can. 34 - -15241550. Palmquist, P.R. 19(3. Walleye /Sauger Reproduction Study. In: Prairie- Island- Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring and Ecological Studies- Program, 1983 Annual-Report Prepared- for Northern States Power Company, Minneapolis, Hn. 1 Donkers,,-C.A. 1984. Walleye /Sauger Reproduction Study. _ In: Prairie. Island Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring and EcologicL1 Studies Program, 1984 Annual.
. Report . Prepared for Northern States Power Company, Minneapolfs, Mn, d
162 ( *--'9WW9--g=--twMt= t. g g et y +ert-P g .g ,=g g -pmtggw
--ppyyt3wNy q .erw 4--'wo w e-se em% c- 3re z w 1- g,-sg.rAetye-w'y*4..we psi.e e .de-p'3 p- f'e--es v +e +sN7 "$'* eew at f'F-WF+A' % DN et-'
. - .- . .. - - - . . . - - . .. .. . ._ - .. - - ~ . - .- _- _ .-. .
i P Table 1. Gonad Weight Versus Total height Regression Equations for Walleye and Sauger I E
- Walleye:
April 7, 1981 Gwt = -105 + .252 wt (N = 19, r-sq = .996) ! April 11, 1983 Gwt = -200 + .267 wt (N = 12, r-sq = .963) E l April 20, 1983 Gwt = -26 + .206 wt (N = 8, r-sq = .960) ) April 17, 1984 Gwt = -198 + .285 wt (N = 10, r-sq = .944) April '5, 1985 Gwt = -150 + .260 wt (N = 9, r-sq = .956) l April 17, 1985 Gwt = -87 + .230 wt (N = 9, r-sq a .915) i i Sauger: E April 26, 1983 Gwt = -21 + .102 wt (N = 16, r-sq = .947) g hpril 19, l'984 Gwt = -15 + .181 wt (N = 20, r-sq = .951) April.22, 1985 Gwt = -32 + .222 wt (N = 10, r-sq = .969) i E i \R 163
i Figure i GONAD WEIGHT VERSUS TOTAL WEIGHT FOR SAUGER: : PROPERATIONAL/ OPERATIONAL COMPARISON 350-g l~ t 300-e 250- ~ H I m 200-n i 5 LI O S O * !
<C 1I fM Z 150-O O
!!!I
( 11') 100 I 1 o I 60 I II g LeDond E PREOPERATIONAL 0~ r-- - - ~r O OPER ATION AL
- - - ' - - -- 1 -- r i i -i r -
200 400 880 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 TOTAL WEIGHT k
~
Figure 1 (Continued) GONAD WElGHT VERSUS TOTAL WEIGHT FOR WALLEYE: ' PREOPERATIONAL/ OPERATIONAL COMPAR! SON 1400-- 1I f 1200-E 5 1000- , NY N II [] PO 800- O
$@ E [1 S O a o I 600- E LP o
O nW 6 ~' m' " o doo-
#i a d'".
gs,'i.i . 8 Legend p , E PREOPERATIONAL 0-- "^ ' "#L 1 i- r- - i - - --- i - ~ : -- -- .i 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 '3500 4000 4500 5000 TOTAL WEIGHT i _ . _ ______._m________ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . - . . _ _ _ _ _
- f- PRAIRIE ISLAND NUCLEAR GEN l'l.T ATTAci! MENT 5
.. l : 1), 11 PRAIRIE ISLAND NUqTRAR GENERATING PLANT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM 1987 ANNUAL REPORT I I 1 . 1967-PROGRESS REPORT ON THE PRETRIE ISLAND CREEI. SURVEY l . I
~
i i- by
~
'K. L. Hanson C. A. Donkers i
Environmental and Regulatory-Activities Department Northern States Power Company l l 65
e 1987 PROGRESS REPORT AND
SUMMARY
ON THE PRAIRIE ISLAND CREEL SURVEY INTRODUCTIO}{ Northern States Power Company (NSP) began conducting a viitter crsal survey on the Mississippi River in 1981. The study was designed to assess any impact. on area fishing caused by a modification of the cooling water system at P Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant (PINGP). There was concern that increased thermal discharge during plant operation without cooling towers would result in ice-free condiuions at boat ramps immediately below Lock and Dam #3. The potential thus existed for over-harvesting sportfish due to increased accessibility during the winter months. December - through February were the months most apt to be affected since accassibility has not been a limiting factor during the months of March and April. I This report presents creal data collected in the 1986-1987 season and attempts to summarize all available winter creel survey data on the PINGP study araa. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area
~
The study area consisted of a section of the Mississippi River and its backwaters stretching from the PINGP intake (river mile 790) to the head of Lake Pepin (river mile
-785.5). The area covered 1267 hectares of water and included the Wisconsin channel and asnociated backwaters along 12.5 miles of navigational channel. The study area is illustrated in Figure 1.
67
E open water fishing was done primarily by boat and took place in the ice-free areas downstream of Lock and Dam #3. The extent of open vator varied during periods of weather extremes, as did the accessibility of some boat launchen. As a general rule, the main channel could be expected to l stay open from the PINGP discharge to the city of Red Wing. , Ice fishing activities were also monitored at three frozen bays in the study area. Survey Desian A nonuniform probability survey was conducted from December 6, 1986 through May 1, 1987. NSP has conducted this survey since the fall of 1981. This survey was patterned after a creel survey conducted by the Minnesota Department of f Natural Resources (MDNR) Lake City Area Fisheries personnel on Pool 4 of the Mississippi River from 1977-1981. In a probability survey, sampling effort is distributed in proportion to the expected use by anglers. Probability of use, using previous years' data, is determined for the station, time of day, and day of the week. These probabilities are then used for scheduling daily sampling effort and for calculating estimated fishing pressure. Saturday, Sunday and two randomly chosen weekdays were l sampled each week. Paired weekdays were used for the clerk's convenience. The probabilities used to determine which wee $cdays were sampled are listed in Table 1. Day of the week probabilities used in calculations were based on ,. the number of fishing trips expected to be completed each l day (Table 2). O Sampling days were divided into two consecutive four-hour sample periods. Generally, travel time between sites was [ 68 .
split equally between the two stations. Each sample period was spent at one access point where the creel clerk counted and interviewed anglers as they completed their fishing trips. A completed trip was recorded when an angling party discontinued fishing and returned to the access for. longer than 15 minutes. Data recorded from each interviewed party included number of anglers, start and end time, number of each species kept, their size and number of fish released. The following information was totaled for each four-hour sample period: number of completed fishing trips, number of interviewed fishing trips and number of hours spent fishing. l The probabilities used to schedule clerk starting times and used in time-of-day calculations are listed in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. These probabilities were based on-the time of day that fishing trips were likely t.o be completed. They { were adjusted to reflect different angler usage according to changes in daylight hours. Between sample periods, all access points were visited and the number of parked cars recorded. Distribution of cars was used.to determine scheduling and calculating probabilities for the following year. Seven access points were sampled below Lock and Dam #3: l Evert's Resort, Barb's Resort, River's Edge, Upper Red Wing Harbor (Bay Point Park), Levee Park, Colvill Park and Goose Lake. Probabilities assigned to each station were based on expected use by anglers and reflected changes in accessibility due to ice conditions (Tables 5 and 6). Calculations Fishing Pressure: Estimated fishing pressure (in man trips) for the 69
probability survey was calculated using angler count data Station, time from each four-hour sample period as follows: and day probabilities were determinad on the basis of 6 probable use by anglers (Watcon and Hawkinson 1979). Probabilities were changed tu reflect changes in fishing pressure (Tables 2, 4 and 6). Man-trips may be converted to man-hours using the following equation: Total man-hours fished Eq 1. Veekly estimated - Weekly estimated x by interviewed anciers man hours man trips Total number of inter-viewed man trips then For each month, weekly man-hour estimates were summed, divided by t he total number of estimates to give a mean weekly artimate. A aonthly estimete of man-hours was then calcula'ed as: Monthly ertimated - Mean weekly Number of weeks Eq 2. in month man hours estimated X man-hours Fishing Success and Harvest: Fishing success for the probability survey was described using the overall catch rate. This was defined as: Eq 3. Overall catch rate - No. Man-hours of fish kent by interviewed anclers spent fishing by ~ (fish / man-hour) interviewed anglers The harvest was cale:ulated using the formula: No. of fish kept Eq 4 Est. harvest - Est. No. of man hours X No. of interviewed man-hours RESULTS
' E Fishina Pressure overall estimated fishing pressure for the five month survey period was the highest ever recorded at 152,715 hours. Open water angling was predominant and accounted for 141,342 hours, approximately 93 percent of total fishing time (Table I
70
8 and 9). In the previous four years open water percentages have ranged from 80-96 percent, averaging 89 percent. Typically, April pressure has been derived entirely from open water sources, while December, January, February and March monthly total acquire data from both epen water und ice anglers. The unseasonably warm winter, the second warmest on record, provided unlimited access to boating, while thin ice conditions restricted ice fishing at some survey points. The greatest overall monthly fishing pressure occurred in March with 85,870 hours of open water fishing. April was second highest with 40,600 hours. March figr13s have typically reflected a month popular for open water fishing with some additional pressure from ice angling. Due to i scheduling probabilities during the 1986-1987 esason, an t-insufficient number of ice angler interviews were conducted prohibiting the estimation of ice angling pressure. Open water pressure for the months of March and April combined was 126,470 hours, a figure almost three times the estimated March-April pressure in 1985 (Figure 2). Of all winter survey months, these two have historically shown the greatest fluctuat ion while comprising the largest fraction i of the season's angling pressure (Figure 3 and 4). I Fishina Success overall catch rates are expressed as fish kept per man-hour of fishing'. Open water catch rates consist of a combination of boat and bank fishing, data collected from shoreline anglers were minimal. Walleye and sauger occupied the greatest portion of the open water angler's creel, supplemented by white bass, crappies, northern pike and catfish. A walleye catch rate of 0.070 fish per man-hour was calculated for both December and January; December i 71
l , sauger success was rated at 0.351/ man-hour (Table 10). These early winter catch rates were the highest for the five-month season, a trend which has been consistent since the full-winter survey began in 1981. March-April catch rates for walleye and sauger were significantly higher than the 6 year average (p= 0.05 n= 6), demonstrating the most successful spring fishing in many years. The walleye catch rate of 0.063 was exceeded only once in the past 14 years (1978), and caucer catch rates ; greater than 1987's 0.238 have not been recorded in nine years (Figure 6) . These catch untes are considerably lower - . than the 1968-1976 values determined by a roving census clerk methodology. Average winter catch rates for walleye had formerly been between 32 and 45 percent of average sauger catch rates. In l 1987, walleye success was only 28 percent of that for sauger, due to an overall greater increase in sauger catch j rates. Average winter ice fishing catch rates for crappies and northern pike were 0.056 and 0.015 fish / man-heur, respectively. These figures were down from 1986 but fall within previously established ranges. Harvest A total of 5,944 fish were tabulated during the 1987 survey, bringing the estimated harvest to 46,814 (Tables 7 and-8). Open water angling produced 8,894 valleyes and 32,575 sauger, nearly 89 percent of the total winter harvest (Figure 5). From 1982-86, these two species comprised from 66-81 perics.nb (nean 76 percent) of the total. An estimated 2,723 white bass were also harvented. 72
. . . - - . ~~ . - )
8 The March-April harvest of sauger was calculated at 30,084 fish, a drastic increase over the 1986 figure of 3,220 (Figure 6). Walleyes caught during this period numbered 8,056, the second highest spring catch ever recorded. Similar to pressure, the season's harvest is predominated by March and April. Figure 7 illustrates March and April comprise 92 percent of the winter walleye and sauger harvest. Only 912 fish were estimated to b2 caught through the ice. This is a figure similar to harvests in 1982 and 1985, but low compared to the five-year mean of 1,843 fish. Lenath-Weicht Relationship.g In March of 1987, 114 walleyes and 224 sauger were weighed and measured. From a length-weight regression analysis, the slopes for walleye and sauger were determined to be 3.440 and 3.653, respectively. As shown in Table 13, the - regression slopes for both populations have been above 3.0
, in five out of six years, and show no pattern in their fluctuatioa. Walleye and sauger regression analyses are ! given in Figures 7 and 8. ! DISCUSS.LQH I
As suggested by equation 4, harvest is a functio.. of fishing pressure and catch rate. Because anglers rely on word-of-mouth for news of fish activity, catch rates can also influence, fishing pressure. In effect, good fishing promotes more fishing. We believe weather is an important factor affecting pressure and harvest. As an example,- the open water season of 1986-87 was a period of record high pressure, increased catch rates and high harvest. An extremely warm winter provided open access to the river. i e !; 73 [
Precipitation from rain and melted snow totaled only 2. 66 inches. River levels remained low and with little snowmelt run-off, " normal" spring high water levels never occurred. The average April, 1987, river stage in Red Wing was 4.22, nearly 8.5 feet lower than in 1986. These factors resulted in a season of warmer air temperatures, reduced turbidity and less dispersion of staging and spawning fish. In contrast, the spring of 1986 was characterized by rainstorms P and a ten-year flood. Since pressure from March and April accounts for an average of 83 percent of the 1986-87 open water season, the conditions during this period had a pronounced affect on the year's data. Wind, high water levels, rain and snowstormn are common and may influence fishing pressure and numbers harvested. The months most likely to be affected by PINGP operation e without cooling towers, December and January, have consistently exhibited the highest catch rates. Tbis may be due to an insuf ficient number of anglers interviewed (avg. number of monthly interviews 1981-1987, Dec-Jan na 60, Feb-Apr n=876) or due to a bias in the quality of angler. In spite of these high catch rates, estimated harvest in dwarfed by th<t harvest occurring in March and April due to differences in pressure. Usit 3 additional MDNR creel survey data on pool #4 permits a f year review of March-Apri) fishing pressure, catch rata and harvest, (Figures 2, 5 and 7). In a 1982 MDNR report for NSP, Gustafson stated both summer and winter sauger harvests were down and attributed this to smaller year classes'in the late 1970's. Lonkers (1984) associated fluctuations in sauger harvests to a younger population structure. Difficulties arise in the interpretation of the available data due to different methodologies used. A roving creel census was used from 1968-1976 (Thorn 1984) while a probability access based survey has been employed 74
l l
' Due to the high variability of from 1977 to the present. , external factors, winter creel survey data is probably best analyzed in conjunction with other year-round studies.
A catch analysis by length-weight regression gives an independent evaluation of the well-being of Mississippi River walleye and sauger stocks. Regression analyses for the last six years art shown in Table 13. All fish were sampled prior to peak spawning periods er4 are of the same approximate age as indicated by similar mean lengths. Lagler (1956) states a well-conditioned fish population will hava a length-weight regression slope greater than or equal to 3.0. A change in slope is hypothesized if the population is being over-exploited. This is observed when anglers [
)
begin to keep smaller and poorer conditioned fish to fill their creel. Walleye regressior slopes have been very consistent and indicate a well-conditioned population is being harvested. Regression analysen for sauger length-weight show more variability, but exhibit no trend. No declining trend in condition f ctors has been observed since I PINGP winter cooling tower operation was diacontinued in 1984. Due to the low priority of ice fishing; ice angling interviews occupy 13 percent of the clerk's interview time, very little can he deduced from data collected on ice anglers. Ice fishing pressure does not appear to-correlate with weather histories, and patterns of catch rate and harvest are erratic for the two most sought after species, crappies-ahd northern pike. CONCLUSION A winter creel survey was conducted near PlNGP; fishing pressure, catch rate, and harvest were monitored for seven years. Open water anglers were responsible for 92 percent 75
i i of the total fishing pressure surveyed. Seventy-eight -
- percent of the winter harvest was comprised of walleye and sauger. The highest catch rates for these species were recoeded in December-and January, howevert the majority were harvested in March and April. Length-weight regression ,
analyses show both walleye and sauger stocks to be well-conditioned. There has been ao increase in December through February open water fishing since the discontinuation ; of winter cooling tower operation ' in 19 8 4. This study was conducted on the premise that' walleye ' and sauger populatichs could be over exploited my open water anglers due to increased accessibility. This projection has not been supported with , the three years of data collected since the change in plant operation. I L o
-e 9
9 i 76
w-
. c EEFERENCES Cochran, W.G. 1963. Sampling techniques, 2nd ed. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Donkers, C.A., D.J. orr and K..N. Mueller. 1984. 1983 progress report on the Prairie Island creel survey. Page 151-210 in Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Envi_onmental Monitoring Frogram 1983 Annual Report, Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, MN. Donkers, 4.A. 1985. 1984 progress report on the Prairie Island creel survey. Pages 145-194 in Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1984 Annual Report, Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, MN,, Donkers, C.A. 1987. 1986 prograss report on the Prairie Island creal survey. Pages 93-124 in Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1986 Annual Report, Northorn States Power Co., Minneapolis, MN. Geis, J.L. (1979) unpublished. Estimate of Fishing Pressure and Harvest Below Lock and Dam 3 from December through February if the Area is Ice Free All Winter. Geis, J.L. and S.P. Gustafson. 1977. Progress report on the Prairie Island creal survey March 6-November 21, 1976. Pages 2.5.3-1 - 2.5.3-60 in Prairie Island Nuclear ' Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1976 Annual Pepert, Vol. II. Northern States Power Co., Minneanolis, MN. Gustafson, S.P. and F.J. Diedrich, 1976. Progress report on the-Prairie Island creel survey March 1-November 23, 77
Mff,ENCES (centiny341, 1975. Pages 1.5.3 2.5.3-35 in Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Planc. Environmental Monitoring Program 1975 Annual Report, Vol. II. Northa'* States kower Co., Minneapolis, MN. G"stafson, S.P., H.L. Fierstine and J.L. Geis. 1978. Progress report on the Prairie Island crool survey February 23-November 22, 1977. Pages 2.5 2.5-67 in l Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1977 Annual Report, Vol. II. Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, MN. g Gustafson, S.P. and J.L. Geis. 1980. Progress report on the Prairie Island creel survey May 1-November 18, 1979. Pages 2.5 2.5-61 in Prairie Island Nuclear l Generat.ing Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1979 Annual Report, Vol. II. Northern Statas Power Co. , Minneapolis, MN. t.ustafson, S.P., C.J. Bublitz and G.M. Clymer. 1981. 1980 progress report on the Prairie Island creel survey May 1-Movember 23, 1980. Page.s 2.4 2.4-63 in Prairie h Island Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Msnitoring Program 1980 Annual Roport, Vol. II. Northern States Power company, Minneapolis, M. Gustafson, S.P. and C.J. Bublitz. 1982. 1981 progress [ report, on the Prairie Island creel survey. Pages 197-250 in Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1981 Annual Report, Northern States Power Company Minneapolis, MN. l Gustafson, S.P. 1983. 1982 progress report on the Prairie Island creal survey. Pages 149-226 in Prairie Island 78 '
REFERENCES f eer.t.imte.11. l *1uclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1982 Annual Report, Northern States Power Co.,
-l Minneapolis, MN.
Haroldsen, B.S., C.A. Donkers and R. Binder. 1986. 1985 progress report on the Prairie Island creel survey. , Pages 93-124 in Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1986 Annual Report, Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, MN. Hawkinson, B.W. 1974. Progress report on the Prairie Island l creel survey May 10-November 5, 1973. Pagan C-5.59 - C-5.85 1D Prairie Island -Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1973 Annual P9 port, l Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, MN. Vol. I. _ Naplin, R.L. and S.P Gustafson. 1975, 1974 progress report ora the Pral.rie Island creal survey. Page 717-753 AD Prairie Island Nuclear Generating Plant Environmental Monitoring Program 1974 Annual Report, Vol. II. l Northern States Power Co., Minneapolis, MM. 9 Sternberg, R.D. 1974. Assessment of continuous walleye-sauger fishing at Lock and Dans 3 and 4 of the Mississippi River, 1968-74. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife, Investigational Report No. 332. I Watson, L.D. and B.W. Hawkinson. 1979. A recreational use f survey of Pool 5 Upper Mississippi River January 1 to December 31, 1978. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Division of Fish and Wildlife, section of Fisheries, Investigational Report No. 362. I h- 79
- s
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o l Figure 2 ESTIMATED OPEN WATER RSFBNG PRESSURE MARCH and APRIL,1968-1987 D 3 3 2 : S
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i i Floure 4 DISTRIBUTION OF ESTIMATED FISHING PRESSURE IN THE PINGP VICINITY, 1982 - 1987 ' Legend l M OPEN WATER MAR-APR ! G OPEN WATER, DEC-FEB ' U ICE g so-h
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E g 4o. ds i w B ! h a 5Z i g, .... Figure 5 DISTRIBUTION OF ESTIMATED HARVEST IN THE P!NGP j VICINITY,1982-1986, WALLEYE AND SAUGER COMBINED
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Legend M OPEN WATER, WAR-APR 123 OPEN WATER, DEC-FEB 10 0 - EZ3 lCE f.- I' so-l !!!L. j c TEAR
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O 4 4 Figure 7 WALLEYE LENGTH-WEGHT REGRESSCN ANALYSS Legend 8"'" N 1962 UM
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lhpure 8 l , SAUGER LENGTH WEIGHT REGRESSION ANALYSIS i
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Legend 5 it e?
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o e t i Table 1. Day of week probabilities used to schedule the access point creel survey on the Mississippi River and connecting waters near the Prairie Island Nuclear GeneratingP} ant, Redwing, Minnesota, December,1986-April, 1987 Weekdays Probability (%) Random Number ___Ranae Mon-Tue 20 Tue-Wed 00-19 20 20-39 Wod-Thur 20 Thur-Fri 40-59 20 60-79
, Mon-Fri 20 80-99 Table 2. Day of week probabilities used in calculations for the access point creal survey on the Mississippi River and connecting waters near the Prairie Island Nuclear Generating P April, 1987 } ant, Red Wing, Minnesota, December, 1986-Day necember Januarv-Aoril Saturday 30 30 Sunday 30 30 Monday 12 Tuesday 10 07 07 Wednesday 07 07 Thursday 07 07 Friday 07 09 *All numbers expressed in percent 87
Table 3. Storting time probabilittee used to schedute the eccese point creet survey on the fa l s e l s e l pp i Elver and connecting waters neer the Prefrie Istend mucteer Genereting Plent, Red Utng, St i rine s o t a , December, 1986 - April, 1987. December Janvery February Merch-April Rondom number aandom dumber pendom number storting tendom number Time Probability R e nn ProbebilitY Fenne Probability Renne Probability sense , l 0500 0 - 19 00-18 0 - 15 00-14 0900 15 00-14 43 19-61 05 00-Oe 19 15-33 1000 85 15-99 38 62-99 95 05-99 21 34-54 1'00 0 - 0 - 0 - 23 55-77 1200 0 - 0 - 0 - 22 78-97 Att numbers empressed in percent
I>
\
l Table 4. Time probabilities used in calculations for the access Point creel survey on the Mississippi River and connecting waters near the Prairie Island Nuclear
, Generating P} ant, Red Wing, Minnesota, December, 1986-g April, 1987 l
1 T1IM1 TJteember January February March-Aoril 0800-1200 15 25 - 13 j 0900-1300 25 31 27 20 1000-1400 30 38 41 25 1100-1500 - - - 37 1200-1600 47 54 - 40 1300-1700 60 61 59 47 1400-1800 68 56 57 54 1500-1900 - - - 57 1600-2000 - - - 47
*All numbers expressed a3 percent e
89 { l
M i Table 5. station probabilities used to schedute the access point creet survey en the mississippi afver and emweting i.aters near the Prairie Istard Mucteer Generatirg Plant, Red Wing, Mimesota, December,1966 - Aprit, tHIT. Open Water Open Water & Ice opn Water & tee Ice ety ice My Open Water & tee o p n Watee & fce Open Wter February E&-wetec Freren irJ Meeter Frere 9 Only St"ticrts Chiv Edsewater Opm E **weter Froren Deeche-Jaruary Evert's Resort 67 50 56 - - 63 34 18 Barb's Resort 14 09 06 Edgewater 33 23 - - - 08 50 27 med Wing parbor - 09 20 36 72 13 C3 35 C?tvitt Park - 08 02 - - - - to Goose Lake - to 22 64 23 04 C3 -
. . g3 tevee . . . . .
Table 6. Station prtbebilities used in calculatims for the access point creet swvey on the Mississi,gpl afver ord ctreecting water: near the Prairle Island Wuclear Generating Plant, Red Virg, Nimesota, December,1966 - Aprit.1987. Open Vater Open Water & Ice opn Water & Ice Ice My ice Only Open Water & Ice Open Water & Ice Open Weter St-tions only Edzawater Opm Edaeweter Freren D w e h r-Janvery th E **weter Froren PV #a-bor Frerm Mty Evertas sesort 67 68 1 73 37 13 Barb's tesort 17 13 06 E@ewater 33 32 - - - to 53 27 med Wing narbor - 35 45 36 72 76 50 36 Cctvitt Park - 33 05 - - - - to Goose Le6e - 35 50 64 25 24 50 - C3 Levee - - til turbers ex;ressed in percent
4
- A.
T ABLt 7. ACTUAL FilN hitVtlf (WlWf th Chitt 1984 1937) DEC JAW pts MAR APR 80Af ICE 80Af Itt 30Af ICE BOAT BOAT TOTAL IW1. AWGLtts 78 82 66 62 562 13 1676 897 3436 Houts fisNED 330.75 285.5 345.25 290.5 2947.7 57 9965.5 5312 19534.2 i ................................................................................................ WALLEYt 23 0 24 0 152 1 660 310 1170 SAUGt a 116 0 86 0 370 0 2905 661 4138 CR 4 Plt 0 64 i WB 0 0 0 0 4 0 16 3 0 0 101 7 61 341 213 364 WP 4 0 0 3 14 2 20 16 59
.................e................................................................ r...........
l T0fAL 143 44 110 7 555 3 3693 1389 5944 1ABLE 8. t$11MAftD MARVEST AWD PttlSURE OPEN WAftt AWD ICE ANGLtts (1986 1987) Otc JAN FEB Mt APR TOTAL t$i Hount 6524 6538 13183 85870 40e90 152715 WALLEYE 136 103 617 5687 2369 8912 SAUCit 686 371 1435 25032 5052 32575 CRAPP1t8 703 70 12 870 466 2121 VNitt BAtt 0 0 57 60 2606 2723 N. PIKE 24 50 115 1 72 122 483
........................ ..........e................................
total 1549 $94 2236 31822 1W5 46815 TABLE 9. EST!MAf tD NARVEST AWD PittSutt FOR 80AT ANGLtt$ (1986
- 1987)
DEC JAN FEB Mt APR TOTAL t$i HOURS 1956 1488 11428 85870 60600 141342 WALLtft 136 103 !D 5687 2369 8884 1Aucta 686 371 1435 25032 5052 32575 CRAPPit 0 0 12 870 466 1348
! WB 0 0 57 60 2606 2723 WP 24 0 54 172 122 3 72
............ ..............u u....n........... ...................
TOTAL 866 474 2147 31822 106'$ 45903 TABLE 10. CATCM RAftB FOR BOAT AND ICE ANGLtts (1986
- 1987)
DEC JAN Ftt KAt APR AVG 80Af ICE BOAT ICE BCAT ICE BOAT BOAT BOAT ICE WALLEYt 0.070 0.000 0.070 0.000 0.052 0.017 0.066 0.058 0.063 0.006 sAuctt 0.351 0.000 0.249 0.000 0.126 0.000 0.292 0.124 0.228 0.000 CRAPPit 0.000 0.154 0.000 0.014 0.001 0.000 0.010 0.011 0.005 0.056 WB 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.064 0.014 0.000 NP 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.005 0.035 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.015 TOTAL 0.432 0.154 0.319 0.C24 0.188 0.052 0.371 0.261 0.314 0.077 {
1 %e .' , I' TABLt 11. EstimAttD MAtyt$1 BY b#tCit$ Pts itAR. 8G4f AND ILt illNING COMllht0 YEAR 19f.2 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 t$fikAftD Hauts 63727 80624 85024 61603 58591 152715 N. Pitt 142 138 $5 262 442 483 CHAhtL CAffl5N 8 27 19 48 74 - 4 VMlft BAls 1584 448 1311 1274 492 2T23 I CRAPPits 75 3 3368 2547 816 15&1 2121 suActa $684 15022 10653 6197 3622 32575 VALLtYE 2580 2976 3345 2354 1561 8912 707AL 10551 21979 17930 10953 7794 55718 l 1 Il TAILE 12. 15finAftD HARVtsf BY SPttits Pit YtAR. ' BOAT fitHING ONLY YLAR 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 tsflmAft0 Modat 61744 72222 75233 53482 47295 141342 N. PIrf CHANEL CAffith 75 8 8 27 9 19 164 48 139 74 3 72 l a VMlft RAtt 1373 419 8 71 1274 492 1348 CRAPPitt 21 52 106 $3 39 2715 g suAGEa $684 14933 10653 6183 3622 32575 g WALLtte 1537 2976 3277 2394 1561 8884
... ..................................................u...............
10fAL 9703 18415 14935 10077 5927 141342 TABLE 13. LENGTN WtlGNT ttGRES$10N ANALYllS FOR WALLEYE AND SAUGlt. VALLEYE r2 N nean Vt mean L 1982 tog Vt . 3.215' log L 5.581 0.98 64 1108 449 1983 1og Vt . 2.759' tog L 4.333 0.84 64 1103 453 1984
- 1985 Log Vt . 3.238' tog L 5.583 Log Vt . 3.248* tog L 5.653 0.94 0.97 135 51 986 1113 420 458 ls 1986 Log Vt . 3.213' tog L 5.581 0.95 71 1185 469 1987 tog Vt . 3.440* Log L 6.189 0.92 114 1346 484 SAUGtt r2 N seen Vt avan L 1982 tog Vt . 3.621* tog L*6.627 0.94 58 521 362 1983 1og Vt . 3.525' tog L*6.373 0.79 169 451 349 1984 tog Vt . 3.164* Log L 5.393 0.84 196 645 381 i' 1985 tog Vt . 3.682* log L 6.786 0.93 95 736 408 i 1986 tog Vt . 2.877' Log L 4.710 0.71 73 793 436 1987 log Vt . 3.653* tog L 6.743 0.93 224 666 403 a
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