ML20079M933
| ML20079M933 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Cook  |
| Issue date: | 08/22/1990 |
| From: | AMERICAN ELECTRIC POWER SERVICE CORP., INDIANA MICHIGAN POWER CO. (FORMERLY INDIANA & MICHIG |
| To: | |
| References | |
| RTR-NUREG-1437 AR, S, WM, NUDOCS 9111110007 | |
| Download: ML20079M933 (26) | |
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. Aquatic Resources Questions f
Enclosed are the Cook Nuclear Plant 316(a) and 316(b) demonstration, the supplernental 316(b) report, and the final aquatic inpacts study report irom the Great Lakes Research Division, University of Michigan.
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l Re sponses to Aquotic Pesources Questions l.
ke:
Yost licensing modificattune to alter impacts on aquatic Iffe or mitigate impacts Respor.se: Neither the design nor the operation of Cook Nuclear Plant have been modified in whole or it. vart to reduce or mitigate for impacts (f plant construction or operation to aquatic resources of Lake Michigan, the coo'.ing and service water source f or the plant.
2.
Re Knot ~ Spects on aquatic )esources or NPDES Permit enforcement serions Responne The pre-and post-operational aquatic ecological studies defined impacts f rom construction and operation of the Cook Nuclear Plant as being the reeult of the circulating cooling water discharge, the riprap scour beds around the intake and discharge structures, and the circulating water intake system. These impacts are doacribed in response to other questions.
No impacts, such as fish kills, have been associated with the construction or operation of Cook Plant, Several exceedences of NPDES Permit limits for temperature and chlorine have occurred during the operation of the plant.
None of these exceedences have resulted in any environmental impacts or regulatory action by the Michigan pc11ution regulatory agency. However, on Febtvary 10, 1989, Cook Nuclear Plant did receive a " Notice of Non-Compliance and Order to Cocply" with total suspended solids (TSS) effluent limits for internal Outf all 00F, a pre-filter backwash discharge. The TSS effluent limits could r.ot be achieved due to the amount of TSS in the intake water.
Cook Huclear Plant complied with the " Order to Comply" by rerouting the dischstge to an on-site absorption pond and so notified U.S. EPA Region V on March
.s, 1989.
3.
Re:
Changes to the NPDES Permit during operation of the plant
I Responses Cook Nuclear.Platt has two discharge pointa to 1. eke hichigang Outfalle 001 and 002 are the condenser cooling water l
4ischarges for Units 1 and 2, respectively.
Cook Nuclear Plant has interval monitoring requirements for Outfalls 00A, 008, and 000, which are the Unit 1 Steam Generator B1cadown, Unit 2 Steam i
Generator Blowdown, and lleating Boiler Blowdown, respectively.
Outf alls 00A, 00B, and 000 discharge to Lake Michigan via 001 and 002.
1 The initial HpDES Permit issued December 27, 1974, included Oil &
crease ef fluent limits for Outf alls 001, 002, and 003 (Outfall 003 is a deicing discharge comprised of effluent from 001, 002, or both 001 and 002 and is monitored at the discharge bay for Units 1 or 2, as applicable). 011 & Grease monitoring requirements were moved-from 001,- 002, and 003 to Outf alle 00A, 00B, and 000 when the permit was reissued on September 19, 1985, and were finally deleted altogether af ter one year of monitoring showed no likelihood of 011
& Grease being discharged.
A pH effluent limit for Outfalls 00A, 00B, and 000 established in the 1974 permit was delete 4 in the 1985 permit since pit adjustmet.t is necessary to prevent fouling of the heater tubes and the flow from 00A, 00B, and 000 is insignificant compared to the flow from outfalla 001 and 002 therefore,,when co-mingled with the circulating water flow, no change in pil is detected.
Iron and copper effluent limits for Outfalls 00A, 00B, and 000 catablished in the !!974 permit were deleted in the 1985 permit since these discharges are considered low-volume wastes, and iron and copper effluent limits are not applicable.
4 Re Trend analyses of discharge monitoring data and correlation with aquatic-resources monitoring Responses Aquatic ecological studies designed to determine the ef fects of construction and operation of the Cook Nuclear Plant on,-
J Lake Michigan began in 1972 and were completed in 1982. Unit I was put into commercial operation in mid-1975 and Unit 2 in late 1978.
I The aquatic ecological studies identified the thermal component of the Cook Nuclear Plant discharges sa having an impact on the aquatic biota.
No impacts were detected from chemical discharges such so the inte:31ttent chlorination.
The thetwal dischange effects are discussed in the response to Questiona $ and 7.
5.
Rw, Sammaryofthetypesandnumbohsofaquaticorganisen entrained or impinged with seasonal and annual patterno Responnes Entrainment and sapingement sampling was conducted at Cook Nuclear Plant from January 1. 1975 through December 31. 1982.
The details of these studiec have been described in various reports published by the University of Michigan. Great hakes Research Division. A summary of the entrainment and impingement study resulta-are presented in various chapters of the final study report (Roamaann 1986). Entrainment samples were collected for phytoplankton, zooplankton, macroinvertebrates, and fehthyoplankton.
Phytoplankton et4trainment sampling was conducted from 1975 through 1982.
Samples were collected from the plant intake forebay and discharge forebay. Sampleswere,analyzedforchlorophylla.h.and c; phaeophytin a; and phaeophytin a/ chlorophyll a ratio.
Samples were also collected for cell identification and enumeration. One series of testa vere conducted to estimate primary production using the carbon-14 uptake method. Phytoplankton were lumped into major groups:
coccoid blue-green; filamentoue blue-green; coccoid green; filamentous green; fisgellate; pennate diatom; centric diatom; desmid; and other for most long-term and overall a,nalyses. All counted cells were usually identified at least to genus. The cell count; rpecies composition and diversity; chlorophyll s. b. and c; phacophytin 6; and phaeophytin a/ chlorophyll o ratio all indicated that there vos no power plant-related effects resulting from entrainment. The carbon-14 uptake tests showed primary production-l i
was reduced after plant entrainment by between 16% to 76%.
The ecological significance of this reduction could not be determined.
Chlorophyll content of the cells was not decreased, so potential for cell recovery existed (Rossmann 1986 - pages87-166).
i Zooplankton were sampled for determination of the number per unit volume, species, and survival rate upon plant passage.
Tiso replicate samples were collected once each month.
Replicate j
samples were pumped for one minute at dawn, noon, dusk, and midnight. Samples were drawn from the intake and discharge bays of both units.
From 1975 through 1982, billions of tooplankton each month passed through the plant. Monthly estimates for two-unit operation ranged from about 2$0 to 1000 x 109 from January through April and in oome 8 between the months of Jun e years May up to 5,000 to 20,709 x 10 through December.
The average concentration of zooplankton bet <een and ranged from 1,614/m$ to 96,730/m,
8 8
1979 and 1982 was 23,915/m Species composition and abundance was very similar to composition and abundance measured on samples collected from the lake. Tabla 1 shows the species list for cooplankton collected from Southeastern
, Lake Michigan during the aquatic ecological surveys (Rossmann 1986
- psge 176).
t Mortality rates for entrained zooplankton varied from species to
. species. The calanoid copepods, especially immature animals, showed the highest mortality rat es, up to 9.56% higher in the discharge compared to the intake. Diaptomus. Eurytemora, Limnocalanus, and Daphnia genera show the highest rates. Other rooplankton species show no statistical significant difference between the intake and discharge samples.
Over the study. period, zooplankton abundance decreased.
The decrease was observed at the control stations as well as the treatment stations. No seasonal or annual changes in zooplankton populations were attributable to the construction or operation of t-j i 1
4 the Cook Nuclear plant except for the area within the therest plume (Rossmann 1986 - pages 169-205). The zooplankton tended to concentrate near the surface within the thernal plume and the bottom within the first few hundred meters from the discharge jets were devoid of epibenthic zooplankton.
Macroinvertebrates are entrained and impinged at Cook Nuclear Plent. Both types of impact were evaluated during the aquatic ecological study -- 1973 through 1982 (Rossmann 1986 - pages 207-283).
Entrainment samples were collected from two locations in the intake fore. bay and one sample from the discharge bay. These samples were collected over a 24-hour period, divided into four equal parts: dawn to noon; noon to dusk: dusk to midnight; and
+.ght to dawn. Samples were collected.cekly from June through August and twice monthly from September through Hay.
Impinged macroinvertebrates were collected daily from early 1975 through early 1976 and every fourth day from then through 1978.
Samples were collected on 614 days in all. All samples were obtained by sorting crayfish, the only macroinvertebrate impinged, from the debris and fish co}1ected in the screen wash basket.
Estimated annual impingement rates ranged from 7,625 in 1978 to 16,151 in 1975. The impingement, rate decreased during the atady period. The downward trend is believed to stabilize. The significance of the crayfish entrainment rate is not known. The riprap around ".m ia take structure provides the habitat f or the crayfish. 'lithcat tie riprap, there vould be no crayfish in that portion of 'cke Mic'.igan.
Estimates of arnual entrainment rates of invertebrgtes were made for Pontopg ela hoyi, Gammarus opp., Ilyalella azteca, Mysis i
reli g and,Asellus s "8 All other species entrained were collected too infrequi7tly r in too low numbers to conduct statistical analyses, j
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+
Diel variability in entrainment was strong in most of these five t
taxa.
P. hoyi and M. relicta entrainment rates were highest in the dusk-to-midnight and midnight-to-dawn samples.
P. hoyi entrainment rater, were about four times higher, and M. relicta entrainment rates were nearly eight times higher at night then in the daytime.
Anellus spp. were entrained only slight)+ more frequently at night compared to day samples. Cammarus spp. and H. azteca were entrained slightly more frequently in the daytime compared to the night.
There were strong seasonal variations in the annual pattern of benthic invertebrate entrainment rates. Fall and winter were months of highest entrainment rates.
P. hovi and M. reitets entrainment rates were highest in December and January, with smaller peaks in August and September. Most benthic invertebrates were entrained in a similar seasonal pattern.
P. hoyi and M.-relicta entrainment represe'nted 17.4% of the estimated annual benthic invertebrates entrainment, as nearared by number per cubic meter of water entrained. Entrained benthic 8
invertebrate concentrations, ranged from 0.0484 P. hoyi/m, 0.02$3 8 on an annual average H. relicts /m*. to 0.5591 total benthos /m basis.
The annual entrainment losses of P. hoyi were compared to the lake bottom population densities near Cook Nuclear Plant as a means of assessing impact.
In the study area ne6r the plant, P. hoyi 8
densities were an average of 2,209 organisms /m. At that average 8
8 density, 0.09 km of lake bottom would produce the 1.97 x 10 individuals estimated to be entrained each year. This loss was not considered ecologically significant (Rossmann 1986,,- page 223).
Fish impingement and entrainment at Cook Nuclear Plant was studied from late 1974 through December 1982.
Entrainment samples for ichthyoplankton were collected.
Samples were collected twice per month except in June. July, and August when samples were collected.. -,..-. -,.-. -
t P
l once to twice a week to. coincide with peak fish spawning activity.
Three sampling locations in the intake forebay and one from the discharge bay were sampled for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />, using a diaphragm pump.
Samples were divided into four parts -- dawn to noon, noon to dusk, dusk to midnight, and midnight to dawn (Rossmann 1986 > pages 285-351).
Samples were processed to determine species, size frequency i
8 of water filtered).
distribution, and concentration (number per m Larval fish keys were available or were developed as part of this study to allow for the identification nearly all larvae collected.
Eggs could not be identified with certainty; however, reasonable assumptions were made based upon size and other physical characteristics and time of collection correlations with known species spawning activity (Rossmann 1986 - pages 289-290).
Nearly 750 million fish larvae were estimated entrained through the Cook Nuclear plant.
Ninety percent of the larvae were alewife (74.34%), spottail shiner (9.00%), rainbow smelt (4.79%), and yellow perch (1.79%). About 7.5% of the larvae were in too poor condition to identify even to Family. Less than 0.1% could not be identified and less than 0.67% could be identified to genus only, sculpins, minnows, coregonines, and darters. The remaining 1.94%
were made up of these nine speciest trout-perch; Johnny darter; slimy sculpin; mottled sculpin; common carp; ninespine stickleback; quillback; burbot; and deepwater sculpin (Rossman 1986 - page 297).
Table 2 is a summary of the entrainment for 1975 through 1982.
Fish impinged on the intake traveling screens' vere collected every day and preserved for analyses.
During 1975, all fish collected were identified to species, measured, weighed, and,, examined for sex, gonad condition, presence of food, disease or parasites, and physic.a1 damage.
In 1976, these measurements and examinations were made on fish collected every fourth day, and all other days impingement was bulk weighed. The ratto of the monthly total of every fourth day weight to total fish weight was used to estimate {'
~
l the species, composition of the impingement sampics that were bulk weighed only, i.e., f( = (S /P ) T estimated monthly weight of impinged fish of a where E
=
given species monthly total weight of every fourth day S
=
y impingement samples of a given species 1
P = monthly total weight of all every fourth day y
impinged fish T - total monthly weight of all impinged fish y
Alewives were the most frequently impinged fish.
Annual estimated impingement rate showed slewives made up between 39% and 89% of the total fish impinged. The most frequently fmpinged fish, as measured by estimated annual average impingement rates alewife (68%); spottail shiner (10%); yellow perch (9%); trout-perch (5%);
rainbow smelt (4%); and slitay sculpin (2%).
Annually, these same species were impinged at about 4 *s same relative composition, with a few slight trends.
Yellow perch increased in percent composition: trout-perch and slimy sculpin decreased. Yellow perch increased in abundance lake-wide duting the study period, and their predation on trout-perch was believed to cause the trout-perch decline.
Slimy sculpins colonized the riprap only; thus, their small population size was susceptible to impingement losses.
Seasonally, impingement rates and species composition changed in conjunction with changes in fish behavior. Spring and summer impingement peaks in June and July are associated with shoreward migration of alewives and other species to spawn. Secondary peaks occurred each year in either spring (April or May) or fall (September or November). The spring peak is caused by the l
shoreward migration of fish seeking the warmer shore water temperatures.
Fall peaks are caused by the young-of-yeat fish rese.1mg a size large enough to be impinged on the traveling screens rather than entrained through the plant.
Causes of changes of impingement rate for individual species or all fia*i, in general, include changes in circulating water system flow volume (large increases in some species were attributed to the change from one-unit to two-unit operation, which resulted in 137%
7 increase in water volumn), the spring thermal bar (alewives and other species concentrated shorewstd of the thermal bar and were more susceptible to lepingement, year-class strength (alewife, spottail shiners, yellow perch, and rainbow smelt all had high impingement years caused by a particularly successful spawn),
upwellings (cold water brings cool-adapted ryt ties, like bloater and rainbow smelt, near the intake structures), and storms (a large storm caused extremely high alewife impingement in 1980).
6.
Ret Describe changes in aquatic habitat and resulting changes to aquatic biota in the vicinity of the plant since the Operating License was issued
-Responset No alterations to aquatic habitat have been made in the vicinity of Cook plant since the,0perating bicense was issued.
Changes to the-aquatic habitat resulting from construction and operation are described in response to Questiona 4 and 7.
7.
Ret Describe other nearby water uses and how plant impactn have altered those uses Responeet Ncarby water uses in Lake Michigan near,,the Cook Nuclear plant include power and sail boating, swimming, sport fishing, and L
drinking water source. Only sport fishing has a significant l
potential for impsets f rom construction and operation of the plant.
Boating is not affected because there is no obstruction or impairment to boating associated with the submerged intakes and l
_9
r
?
i discharges.
Swimming at.public and private beaches north and south of the plant are not impacted in any way by the plant.
Drinking water supplies are not affected since no harmful chemicals in harmful amounta are discharged to Lake Michigan from Cook plant.
Sport fishing has the potential to be inpucted by the construction and operation of Cook plant in positive and negative ways.
positive impccts include the concentrating effect the varu veter discharge has on some species during certain times of the year and the habitat provided by the riprap scour beds around the intake and discharge structures. Negative impacts include the loss of sport fish and forage species due to impingement and entrainment and the avoidance of the thermal plume by some fish during some times of the year., Annually, Cool, plant impinges between 500 and 1000 salmonid species (cobo and chinook salmon and take, rainbow, and brown t'.*out). These are highly prit'*
sport fish, This rate of impingement was not considered a significant impact on the sport fishery by either the University of Michigan, Great Lakes Research Center (who conducted the study), or the Michigen Department of Natural Resources. The large r,unber of alavivas, which are an important component of the coho and chinook salmt+n diet, verc believed by the Michigan DNR to have a negative impect on the growth rate of the prey species. The actusi total contribution of Cook plant to the cropping of the, annual production of the alewife population in the entire lake was calculated at a few one hundredths of a percent.
Field catch data from the standard series sampling using trawls, p,illnets, and setning conducted from 1973 through 1982 showed that 22 of the 59 species of fish collected were affected by Cook plant f
operation and construction.
Impacts resulted frou,,(1) attraction to the scour bed riprap, (2) attraction to riprap, structures, Jod current. (3) avoidance of plant aren caused by construction activity, dredging, and discharges, and (4) avoidance of dischargen or reduced abundance due to impingement and entrainment mortality.
Spottail shiner, trout-perch, and yellow perch were icon abundant at the Cook plant stations than the control station. Trout-perch populations were probably reduced by yellow perch predation and power plant entrainment. Spotta11 shiner and yellow perch may have been inrected by impingement, although the yellow perch results were ambiguous. Trawl data and two years of gillnet data were significant with fever fish at the Cook plant station. Gillnet data for other plant operation showed significantly more perch at Cook plant than at the control atetten. Warm water and food 1
availability appeared to attract brown trout, common carp, and gizr.ard shed. Johnny darters, lake trout, and slimy sculpins were attracted to the riprap Longnose and common suckers eppeared to avoid the construction ares (Rossmann 1986 - pages 309-318).
1mmediate and noticeable impacts to the sport fishery from these impacts were limited to the increased sport fishing activity around i
the riprep and intake and dischergo structures.
Yellow perch, which were strongly attracted to the riprap for food, spsvning habitat, and refuge from storm activity, vos the fish most frequently sought by fishermen.
8.
Re: Describe other sources of impacts on aquatic tesources that could contribute to ca,malative impacts Responnet-Cook Nuclear plant is located on the southwestern shore of Lake Michigan, well away from,other major sources of water pollution that could contribute to cumulative effects. Nearby cities are relatively small and have adequate sewage treatment facilities. The St. Joseph River, which enters the lake about 20 miles north of the plant, has good veter quality. Water quality problems from the,St. Joseph River ate diluted by the lake before reaching the plant. Land is developed for industry, private residents, and agriculture in Berrien County. Hove,ver, non-point source runoff appearn to be, at worst, a small problem.
9.
Ret provide copies of Section 316(a) and 316(b) Demonstration Reports -
.... _,, ~ ~ ~ _ _..
-....... ~
f 4
Response
Enclosed aret f
l TTA.
1980.
Summary Report Comparing the D. C. Cook Thermal Plume Measurements with Model Predictions. Tech. Report f rom ETA Engineering Inc. Chicago.
49 pp.
This report compares the thermal plume mapping by ETA Engineering with the thermal plume modeling conducted for the Operating License application.
The field-measured thermal plumes verified predictions made of the thermal plume.
Field plumes tended to be about half the volume of predicted plumes but good agreement for plume areas.
i Anon.
1979.
Supplemental Report Demonstrating Compliance with Section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act. Volumes I and II.
Indiana Michigan Power Company submittal to Michigan Water Resources Commission.
(129 pp., Vol.1) (Appendices A & B. Vol.11).
This report to the Michigan Water Resources Commission Staff i
is a supplement to the 316(a)/316(b) report submitted to the Commission Sta f on January,1,1977. Additional data on fish r
fmpingement and ichthyoplankton entrainment is included in this report. The most significant portion of this report is the economic and engineering feasib.ti,ity of modifications to the existing intake structures at Cook Plant to reduce fish iepingemont and entrainment.
Anon.
1977.
Report on the Impact of Cooling Water Use at the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant.
Indiana Michigan Pouer Company submittal to Michigan Water Resources Commission.
194 pp.
r.
This report is the Indiana Michigan Power Company 316(a) and 316(b) report to
.e Michigan Water Resources Commission for the Cook Nuclear Plant.._. _ _., _. -. _.
9 References Rosstnann, R. (ed).
1986. Southeastern Nearshore Lake Michigan:
Impact of the Donald C. Cook Nuclear Plant. Creat Lakes Research Division Publication 22, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 432 pp.
0
- . L- _ - - - - _ - - _ - -- -- _--_ - _ - - - - - -, _ _ _ _ _ - - - - - - _ _ _ _ - - - - - _ - _ _ - - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - _ - - -, - - -, - - - -. - _
9
?
176 D. C. COOK NUCLEAR PLANT IMPACT
,{
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Y TABLE I.
Zooplankton taxafound in the D. C. Cook Nuclear Plant area (south.
A.
eastern lake Michigan)from 1972 to 1982.
P g,..
CLADOCERA CYCLOPotDA j
Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi Alona affink
,T Alona guttata Cytops vernalu Alono quadrangulard Ergasilus sp.
Alcna rectangula Eucylops agilu Bosmina longirostru 6
Eucyclops prionoriorus Camptocercus rectirostru
(
Eucyclops speratus Ceriodophnia quadrangula 9
Mesocyclops edax Chydorus sphaericus i
Paracyclopsfimbriatus poppei Daphnia galecta mendotae s
Tropocyclops prasinus mexicanus
?
Daphnia longiremus Daphnia parvula f*
Daphnia pulicaria 7
Daphnia ntrocurva CALANOIDA Diaphanosoma spp.
,f Diaptomus ashfandi Disparatona rostrata 3
Diaptomus minutus Eubosmina coregoni Diaptomus oregonensis Eurycercus lamellatus Diaptomus reighardi*
llolopedium gibberum 2
Diaptomus sicilis Roycryptus acutVrons Ephchura lacustris lloyeryptus sordidus Eurytemora affinis lloycryptus spinyer
\\
Limnocalanus macturus I***W
Senecella calanoides Leptodora kindtii n
Leydigia quadrangularis
}
Atacrothrnx laticornis Pleuroxus denticulatus A
HARPATICotDA Pleuroxus procurvis Bryocamptus spp.
Polyphemus pediculus Canthocamptus spp.
Scapholeberis kinsi Sida crystallina Simocephalus serratulae Simocephalus vetulus ROTIFERAa MALACOSTRACA Asplancana herricht Afysis relicto Asplanchna priodonta
- Only one s# men observed.
- Asplanc!.no is the only rotifer genus toutin:ly enumerated in these collections.
O stations, to 60 mg/m' at approximately 30 m, and decreasing to 30 mt,/m' at the deepest station (Fig. 4b).
During June, Bosmina longirostris was often the most abundant taxon, followed 4 by nauplii and immature Cyclops spp, and Diaptomus spp. copepodites (Evans et al.
1978,1982.,1986b). Differences in inshore and offshore taxa abundance were often ?
evident, with B. longirostris more abundant inshore, and immature copepodites
[
abundant offshore. During some years the rotifer, Asplanchna spp., was a major
{'
component of the June plankton (Evans et al. 1978,1982,1986b). Total zooplank-7 ton 0: curred in unusually high concentrations at the discharge (90,000/m') in June g
.m
~
1 "a r$~ { $ g # g " *~ m$.84 7 g >y { g" $ 5 !.
" M % E. $, uE5 P
15 46 @n aN 9 E -. R 0 '"- y m.#'j L m:
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e 4
i Estimates (in millions) of annual entrainment losses offish larvae andfish eggs at the D. C. Cook Nuclear Plant, TA BLE 2.
southeastern Lake Michigan,1975 to 1932. Calculations use actualreportedflow rates of the circulating water system.
Year of Estimate g
Taxon 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 Total Total A!ewife 63.708 53.7550 27.3883 31.098 125.6180 49.35 111.54 92.425 554.8828 74.34 l
Spotrail shiner 3.41 0.9361 2.760 1.681 1.8228 21.06 7.257 28.2297 67.1566 9.00 Rainbow sme!!
1.3603 0.4145 0.1795 0.3496 0.3726 11.954 2.6265 18.5233 35.7808 4.79 Yellow perch 0.17554 0.03!07 f.3224 3.0655 0.3840 0.8971 2.506 4.9700 13.3586 1.79 l
Trout-perch 1.079 0.2509 0.1456 0.0194 0.6288 0.4858 0.5394 1.3749 4.5238 0.61 3chnny darter 0.0440 0.210 0.707 0.772 0.8105 0.153 0.7046 3.4011 0.46 Stimy sculpin 0.2431 0 06092 0.0256 0.130 0.553 1.002 0.4887 2.5033 0.34 Mottled scufpin 0.152 0.146 0.0483 0.131 0.143 0.4870 1.1073 0.15 0.09:2 0.0235 0.175 0.3603 0.0513 0.187 0.8883 0.12 Ninespine stickleback 0.534 0.5968 0 08
-p O.124 0.379 0.156 0.0112 0.6702 0.09 Common carp 0.0628
~
0.3428 0.4650 0.06 p
Quillback 0.0202 0.102-0.1921 0.03
.. +.,,
Durbot 0.178 0.0141 Deepwater sculpin 1..3 >y*pf Unidentified sculpins 0.1899 0.0!92 0.0918 0.175 0.0905 0.667 0.5953 0.5744 2.4731 0.33 r --+ -
0.1248 0.8135 0.2846 0.1714 1.0280 2.4226 0.32
.i Unidentified minnows 0.0850 0.01 0.0850
-UL Unidentified coregonines 0.0276 < 0.01 3,:
0.0276 Unidentified darters Poor condition 6.555 2.8642 0.4274 3.352 5.9035 6.4765 11.859 17.9458 55.4734 7.43 c
0.3929 0.05 Q
f Unidentified larvae 0.!693 0.0349 0.0887 0.10G Total larvae 77.08664 58.91:19 33.5088 41.3215 137.0399 92.1583 139.2696 167.1054 746.4013 re g
Total eggs 743.1879 2.259.4543 1,320.301 5,840.8138 1.392.5408 3.334.692 995,94 7,005.26 22,902.1898 3
tfuf.
$.j;)lp-l Total Cook Piant Flow (milliens cf m')
1.298.
1.292.
1.138, 2.370.
2.476.
2,830.
2,753.
2.74).
EH 40ill ft*+)^6}$
3
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y k
e 4.
} } T.'
~'- -
(.o,/
Socioeconomic Questions for All Utilities 1.
To understand the importance of the plant and the degree of its socioeconomic impacts on the local region, estimate the number of permanent workers onsite for the most recent year for which data are availabla.
Response
1177 people, 2.
To understand the importance of the plant to the local region, and how that has changed over time, estimate the a< arage number of permanent workers onsite, in five-year
/
coments starting with the issuance of the lant's Operating License.
If possible, provide this information for each unit at a plant site.
Response
1977 average number of permanent workers was 287 1980 average number of permanent workers was 373 1985 average number of permanent workers was 555 1990 average number of permanent workers was 626 3.
To understand the potential inipact of continuod operation for an additional 20 years beyoad the original license term,
_please provide for the following three cases:
A.
a typical planned outage; B.
an ISI outage; and C.
the largest single outage (in terms of the numbers of workers involved) that has occurred to date an estimate of additional workers involved (for the entire outage and for each principal task), length of outage, months and ye.ar in which work occurred, and cost.
Also estimate occupational doses received by permanent and temporary workers during each principal task.
Response
See chart on next page.
l l
NUttARC Question 3 Response Case A Case B
,(3)
Case C(2)
Typical Planned An ISI Largest' Single Outage Outage Outage Workforce 3.1 Outage Workers (Equiv. Man-Years)-
3.1.1-refueling task workers 4.5 4.5' 5.8 3.1.2 routine maintenance workers.
63.4' 111.2 111.2 3.1. 3 ' major' plant ' modification or 2.9 39.6 39.6 refurbishment workers 1
l 3.1.4 total, entire outage workers 158.8 290.4 728.8 3.2 Outage Details i
't i
3.2.1 length, days 81 325 325 f
3.2.2 month / year start - finish 3/89-7/89 4/88-3/89 4/88-3/89 1
3.2.3 cost, k$
9,110 26,758 139,758 i
r 1
i i
3.3 occupational Dose (man-rem) 1 5
I f
3.3.1 refueling. task workers 25 25 30 i
3.3.2 routine maintenance workers 35 210 215
[
3.3.3 major plant modifications or -
95 40 430 i
refurbishment workers l
l 3.3.4 total, entire outage workers 260
.345 745 1
1 i
NOTES:
t (1): Manpower estimates for both Case B and Case C are based upon the 1988-1989 Unit 2 f
j Outage. This outage combined a refueling,10-year in-service inspection (ISI) and l
steam generators replacement project; and was our largest work force outage.
l (2): Case C includes a longer refueling. time, 35 days versus 28 days for Case B.
j (3) Occupational dose in Case B is based upon the 1985 Unit-1 ISI outage.
a
4 (d
e 1
4.-
To understand the plant's fiscal importance to specific jurisdictions, for 1980, 1985, and the latest year for which
-data are available, estimate the entire plant's taxable
. assessed value and the amount of taxes paid to the state and
-to each local taxing jurisdiction.
Response
Assessed Taxes Value Paid 1980
$365,600,700-
$ 7,028,240,32 1985-474,155,300 10,810,094.11 L1989 519,990,300 12,638,325,77 1
-includes nuclear fuel, excludes Visitor Center.
5
-_ Socioeconomic Questions for case Study Sites Taxes These. questions are asked to validate information obtained from
- local government sources or to obtain information if local governments fail:to provide it, 1.
What types of local taxes must be paid on the plant and property?
Response
Property' taxes on real and personal property'.
2.
To what juris' dictions are-these taxes paid?
-Response:
Lake Township -Berrien County, Michigan, 3.
What types of state-taxes must be_ paid on the plant and property?
Response
.None.
4 4,
for s cax type, please estimate the total amount the utility paid to each relevant state and local jurisdiction in 1980, 1985 and 1989 (or the most recent year for which data are available).
Response
The total amount paid for real and personal property taxes is supplied in the reply to question 4 above.
~
5.
Have major plant modifications or refurbishment affected the plant's taxable assessed value?
Response
Yes.
Cook Plant Training Center and Steam Generator (Unit 2).
6.
Would an extended outage for major plant modifications or refurbishment result in a temporary cessation or reduction of tax payments to state and/or local governments?
Response
A reduction in property tax assessment would be r.ought.
7.
Would tax payments cease in the event of plant decommissioning?
Response
No.
Salvage value.
(
0()h Waste Management Questions A.
Spent fuel 1.
Vhich of tho following current techniques for at reactor
, storage are you using and how?
A.
Re racking of spent fuel.
B.
Control rod repositioning.
C.
Above ground dry storage.
D.
Longer fuel burnup.
E.
Other (please identify).
Response
A.
Reracking of spent fuel - The spent fuel pool at the Cook Nuclear Plant was reracked in 1979 to increase the pool storage capacity from 500 to 2050.
B.
Control rod repositioning - This does not apply to spent fuel storage.
C.
Above ground dry storage - This option has not been pursued yet.
D.
Longer fuel burnup - Higher fuel assembly dischar5e burnups have been pursued to optimize the fuel cycle.
E.
Other - none.
2.
Do you plan on continuing the use of tt.ece curren_t techniques for at-reactor storage of spent fuel during the remaining timk of your operating license or do you expect to change or modify them in some way?
Response
Ve plan to rerack the pool in the 1993-94 time frame. This should yield sufficient storage capacity until 2009.
Af ter this, dry storage will be pursued if necessary.
1 y
j 3.
Which of the following techniques for at-reactor storage do you anticipate using until off. site spent fuel storage becomes available and how?
A.
Re racking of spent fuel.
B.
Control rod repositioning.
C.
Above ground dry storage.
D.
Longer fuel burnup.
E.
Other (please identify).
Response
As stated in Question A.2, the pool will be reracked in the 1993 94 time frame and dry storage wi.. be pursued if necessary, s
4.
Will the techniques described above be adequate for continued at-reactor storage of spent fuel for the operating lifetime of the plant, including a 20-year period of license renewal, or are you developing ather plans.
Response
Dry storage can be added in modular. forms.
If there are no plant site space limitations, this would give adequete onsite spent fuel storage capacity for the 20-year period of license renewal.
5.
Do you anticipate the need to acquire additional land for the stcrage cf spent-fuel for the operating lifetime of the plant, including a 20-year peciod of license renewal?
Response
No future land purchases are anticipated.
6.
Do yoa anticipate any additional construction activity onsite, or immediately adjacent to the power plant site, associe.ted with the continued at-reactor storage of spent fuel fo* th-operating litetime of the plant, including a 20-year period of license renewal?
(yes/no)
Response
Yes, if dry storage is used, a dry storage facility would need to be constructed.
r 7.
If you answered yes to question 6, briefly describe this construction activity (e.g., expansion of fuel storage pool, building above grocnd dry storage facilities).
Response
A dry storage facility would need to be constructed.
B.
Low-level radioactive waste management 1.
Under the current scheme for 11RW disposal (i.e., llAW Policy Amendments Act of 1985 and regional compacts) is there currently or will sufficient capacity for vastes generated during the license renewal period be available to your plant (s)? If so, what is the basis for this conclusion?
Response
It is unknown whether disposal will be available for wastes generated during tne license renewal period. Under the present circumstances, it is unclear whether disposal will be available before 1996.
Also, during the license renewal period, it is anticipated that the second Midwest disposal fecility will be sited and begin operation.
If the present is an indication of the future, there will be considbrable problems and most likely a period when disposal will be unavailable. The availability of future waste disposal space cannot be determined.
2.
If for any reason your plant (s) is/are denied access to a licensed disposal site for a short period of time, what plans do you have for continued LLRW disposal?
Response
Starting on January 1,1993, access to a disposal site will be lost.
To store wastes for a limited period, storage space is being developed, and wirl be available prior to losing access to the disposal site.
3.
In a couple of pages, please describe the specific methods of LLRW management currently utilized by your plant. What percentcge of your current LLRW (by volume) is managed by:
A.
Waste compaction?
B.
Waste segregation (through special controls or segregation at radiation checkpoint?
l l
l C.
Decontamination of wastes?
D.
Sorting of waste prior to shipment?
E.
Other (please identify)
Response
Low level waste is managed using a varisty of techniques. The wastes are minimized onsite by controlling the materials that enter the auxiliary building, by controlling contaminated areas, by controlling the coolant chemistry and by using organic resina for waste water cleanup as opposed to evaporation. Wastes are divided into two general categories:
dry active waste and other.
The dry active wastes (DAW) are typically paper, plastic, wood and metal trash. The other wastes are typically resins and filters.
About 90% of the wastes are DAW and they are all processed prior to shipment to the burial site. An offsite vendor is used to process the waste. The vendor uses a variety of processes and procedures to reduce the amount of waste shipped to the burial site.
These procedures include torting of the wastes, decontamination for free release, and fiaally vasto compaction.
The other wastes, the resins and the filters are processed onsite.
The resins are dewatered and sent to the burial site in high integrity containers (HICs).,
A.
Waste compaction 85%
85%
B.
Vaste segregation 85%
C.
Decontamination D.
Sorting 85%.
15%
E.
Other (Dewatering) 4.
In a couple of pages, please describe the anticipated plans for LLRW management to be utilized by your plant (s) during the remainder of the operating license and through the license renewal term. What percentage of your anticipated waste (by volume) will be managed by:
A.
Waste compaction?
B.
Vaste segregation (through special controls or segregation at radiation checkpoints?
C.
Decontamination of wastes?
D.
Sorting of waste prior to shipment?
E.
Other (please identify)
Response
The answer is the same as number 3 above. Trends and availability of new technologies will be followed and may be used. New products or processes such as incineration or solidification of resins with specialized products may be pursued, 5.
Do you anticipate the need to acquire additional land for the storage of LLRW for the operating lifetime of the plant, including a 20 year period of licen.e renewal? If so, how muc'a land? When would this acquisition occur? Where?
(if answer is "yes", 3-4 sentences.)
Response
No future land purchases are anticipated to help manage radioactive vastes.
6.
To provide information on the timing of future low level vaste streams, if you answered yea to question #5, over what periods of time are these activities contemplated?
Response
Not applicable.
7.
Do you anticipate any additional construction activity onsite, or immediately adjacent to the power plant site, associated with temporary LURV storage for the operating lifetime of the plant, including a 20 year period of license renewal?
(yes/no)
Response
Yes.
8.
If you answered yes to question 7, briefly describe this construction activity (e.g., storage areas for steam generator components or other materials exposed to reactor environment).
.,