ML20072M740
| ML20072M740 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Davis Besse  |
| Issue date: | 02/01/1983 |
| From: | Huebner L HAZLETON LABORATORIES AMERICA, INC. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20072M715 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8304010357 | |
| Download: ML20072M740 (491) | |
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{{#Wiki_filter:$ HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES A OMSION OF HAZLETON LABOAATOAIES AME AICA. INC. 1500 F AONTAGE ACAO. NOATHBAOOK. ILUNCIS SCCS2. U S A. REPORT TO TOLEDO EDISON COMPANY TOLEDO, OHIO OPERATIONAL RADIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING FOR THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION UNIT NO. 1 0AK HARBOR, OHIO ANNUAL REPORT - PART I
SUMMARY
AND INTERPRETATION JANUARY - DECEMBER 1982 FOR SUBMITTAL TO THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION PREPARED AND SUBMITTED BY HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES CORPORATION PROJECT N0. 8003-100 Approved by: ._ LL L. 4. (udbner' M.S. Director, Nuclear Sciences 1 1 February 1983 i 8304010357 830307 DRADOCK05000g wMUNE (3121564-0 700 o TELE x 28-9483 (HAZE S NB AK)
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL. SCIENCES PREFACE The staff of the Nuclear Sciences Department of Hazleton Environmental Sciences (Hazleton) was responsible for the acquisition of the data presented in this report. Samples were collected by members of the staff of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station and by local sample collectors. The report was prepared by C. R. Marucut, Section Supervisor, under the direc-tion of L. G. Huebner, Director, Nuclear Sciences. She was assisted in the report preparation by L. Nicia, Group Leader, and other staff members of the . Nuclear Sciences Department. 9 3.2-11
HA2LETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES TABLE OF CONTENTS No. Page PREFACE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii List of Figures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv List of Tables ...................... v
1.0 INTRODUCTION
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2.0 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 .
3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM . . . . . . . 3 . 3.1 Methodology ..................... 3 3.1.1 The Air Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3.1.2 The Terrestrial Program . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3.1.3 The Aquatic Progr am . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.1.4 Program Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.1.5 Census of Milch Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.2 Results and Discussion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.2.1 Effect of Chinese Atmospheric Nuclear Detonation .................. 9 3.2.2 The Air Environment . ............. 9 3.2.3 The Terrestrial Environment . ......... 11 3.2.4 The Aquatic Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 3.2.5 Summary and Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 l 4.0 FIGURES AND TABLES .................... 16 l
5.0 REFERENCES
........................ 31 L
APPENDIX A. Crosscheck Program Results. . . . . . . . . . . . . . A-1 i l l l 3.2-iii i l
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LIST CF FIGURES No. Caption Page 4-1 Supling locations on the site boundary of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 4-2 Supling locations (except those on the site periphery), Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station . . . . . . . . . . . 18 m l 3.2-iv , i
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES LIST OF TABLES No. Title Page 4.1 Sampling Locations, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit No. 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 4.2 Type and Frequency of Collections . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 4.3 Supl e Codes Used in Table 4.2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4.4 Sampling Summary . . ................... 24 4.5 Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program Summary . . . 25 l 4 3.2-v
l I l HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Because of the many potential pathways of radiation exposure to man from both natural and man-made sources, it is necessary to document levels of radio-activity and the variability of these levels which exist in an area prior to the anticipated release of any additional radioactive nuclides. To meet this objective, an extensive preoperational environmental radiological monitoring program was initiated for the Toledo Edison Company in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station site. This program included collec-tion (both onsite and offsite) and radiometric analyses of airborne particu-lates, airborne iodine, ambient gamma radiation, milk, groundwater, meat and wildlife, fruits and vegetables, animal and wildlife feed, soil, surface water, fish, and bottom sediments. Approximately 5 years of preoperational monitoring were completed in April 1977 by the same laboratory that currently operates under the name Hazleton Environmental Sciences (HES). i Fuel elements were loaded in Unit 1 on 23 through 27 April 1977 and the initial l criticality was achieved on 12 August 1977. Unit 1 achieved one hundred percent of its operational capacity on 4 April 1978. Approximately 5-1/2 years of operational monitoring was completed by the end of December 1982. l This report presents the fifth full year of operational data for the Environ-mental Radiological Monitoring at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. The program was conducted in accordance with the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Unit No.1 Technical Specifications: Appendix B to License No. NPF-3, Section 3.2. l 3.2-1 1
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 2.0 EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Operational Nuclear Stations are required by Federal Regulations to submit Annual Operational Reports to the U.S. NRC. The reports must also include the results of the Radiological Environmental Monitoring Program. This report sunrnarizes the results of such a program. The program was conduc-ted in accordance with the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Unit No.1 Tech-nical Specifications: Appendix B to License No. NPF-3 Section 3.2. This program included collection (both onsite and offsite) and radiometric analyses of airborne particulates, airborne iodine, ambient gamma radiation, milk, ground water, meat and wildlife, fruits and vegetables, animal and wildlife feed, soil, surface water, fish, and bottom sediments. Results of sample analyses during the period January - December 1982 are summarized in Table 4.5. Tabulations of data for all samples collected during this period, additional statistical analyses of the data, and graphs of data trends are presented in a separate report to the Toledo Edison Company (HES 1983). Radionuclide concentrations measured at indicator locations were compared with levels measured at control locations and in preoperational studies. The comparisons indicate background-level radioactivities in all samples collected. No station effect on the environment was indicated in any of the sampling media collected and analyzed. 3.2-2
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING PROGRAM 3.1 Methodology The sampling locations for the Preoperational Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station are shown in Figures 4-1 and 4-2. Table 4.1 describes the locations, lists for each its direction and distance from the station, and indicates which are indicator and which are control locations. The sampling program monitors the air, terrestrial, and aquatic environ-ments. The types of samples collected at each location and the frequen-cy of collections are presented in Table 4.2 using codes defined in Table 4.3. The collections and analyses that comprise the program are described in the following pages. Finally, the execution of the program in the current reporting annual period (January - December 1982) is discussed. 3.1.1 The Air Program Airborne Particulates The airborne particulate samples are collected on 47mm diameter membrane filters of 0.8 micron porosity at a volumetric rate of approximately one cubic foot per minute. The filters are col-lected weekly from eleven locations (T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, T-8, T-9, T-11, T-12, T-23, and T-27), p1 aced in individual glassine protective envelopes, and dispatched by mail to HES for radiometric analyses. The filters are analyzed for gross beta activity approximately five days after collection to allow for decay of naturally-occurring short-lived radionuclides. The quarterly composites of all air particulate samples from indica-tor locations (T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, and T-8) and of all air ' particulate samples from control locations (T-9, T-11, T-12, T-23, and T-27) are gamma-scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and -90. 3.2-3
HAZl.ETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES i Airborne Iodine Each air sampler is equipped with a charcoal trap in-line af ter the filter holder. The charcoal trap at each location is changed at the same time as the particulate filter and analyzed for iodine-131 immediately after arrival at the laboratory. Ambient Gamma Radiation The integrated gamma-ray background from natural radiation is measured with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD). Monthly and quarterly TLDs are placed at thirteen locations (the eleven . air sampling locations and locations T-5 and T-24). On 1 January 1980 eighteen (18) new TLD sampling locations were added to the program. Twelve locations (T T-49) were established at the site boundary ranging in distance from 0.5 mi to 1.2 mi from the stack. Six locations were established at a distance of 3.7 mi to 5.0 mi from the stack. Since about 50% of the outer 5 mi ring is over Lake Erie, only six additional locations were required to cover all sectors on the land. Each shipment of TLDs includes controls which are stored in a shield at the station and returned with the field TLDs af ter their removal . In-transit exposures are measured by the control TLDs and subtracted from the field TLD measurements to obtain their net exposure. 3.1.2 The Terrestrial Program Milk Two-gallon milk samples are collected twice a month during the grazing period (May through October) and monthly during the rest of the year from two indicator locations (T-8 and T-20) and one control location (T-24). The milk samples are analyzed for iodine-131, strontium-89 and -90, calcium, stable potassium, and are gamma scanned. Groundwater One-gallon well water samples are collected quarterly from two indicator locations (T-7 and T-17) and from one control location (T-27). The gross beta activity is determined on the suspended , and dissolved solids of ec:h sample. The samples are also gamma j scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and -90, and tritium. 3.2-4
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Edible Meat Semi-annually, domestic meat samples (chickens) are collected from one indicator location (T-32) and one control location (T-34) and one representative species of wildlife (muskrat or raccoon) is collected onsite (T-31). In addition, one water-fowl species and one snapping turtle are collected annually onsite (T-31) or in the site vicinity (T-33). Gamma-spectroscopic analysis is performed on the edible portions of each sample. Fruits and Vegetables Semi-annually, two varieties of fruits and vegetables are collec-ted from each of the two indicator locations (T-8 and T-25) and from one control location (T-34). The edible portions are gamma scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and -90. Green Leafy Vegetables Monthly, during the harvest season, green leafy vegetables are collected from one indicator location (T-36) and one control location (T-37). The samples are analyzed for iodine-131. Should green leafy vegetables from private gardens be unavail-able, nonedible plants with similar leaf characteristics from the same vicinity may be substituted. Animal-Wildlife Feed Animal feed is collected semi-annually from one indicator loca-tion (T-8) and one control location (T-34). Cattlefeed is collected during the first quarter and grass is collected during the third quarter. Also, once a year, a sample of smartweed is collected from location T-31 (onsite). Gamma-spectroscopic analysis is performed on all samples. Soil Once a year, soil samples are collected from all eleven air sampling locations; six indicator locations (T-1, T-2, T-3, T-4, T-7, and T-8) and five control locations (T-9, T-11, T-12, T-23, and T-27). Gamma-spectroscopic analysis is performed on all samples. 3.2-5
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 3.1.3 The Aouatic Program Treated Surface Water Weekly grab samples of treated water are collected at one indicator location (T-28, Unit 1 treated water supply, onsite) and two control locations (T-11 and T-12, Port Clinton and Toledo filtration plants). The samples from each location are composited monthly and analyzed for gross beta activity in dissolved and suspended solids. Quarterly composites from each . location are gamma scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and
-90, and tritium. .
Untreated Surface Water Weekly grab samples of untreated water from Lake Erie are collec-ted from one indicator location (T-3) and from two control locations (T-11 and T-12, Port Clinton and Toledo filtration plants, untreated water tap). In addition, hourly grab samples are collected from one in-plant water supply (T-28, Unit 1 I untreated water supply, onsite). The samples from each location are composited monthly and analyzed for gross beta activity in dissolved and suspended solids. Quarterly composites from each location are gamma scanned and analyzed for strontium-89 and -90, and tritium. Fish Two species of fish are collected semi-annually from each of two locations in Lake Erie; from one indicator location in the vicinity of the discharge (T-33) and one control location approximately 15 miles from the plant (T-34; Put-In-Bay area). The flesh is separated from the bones and analyzed for gross beta and gamma-emitting isotopes. Bottom Sediments Semi-annually, bottom sediments are collected from three loca-tions in Lake Erie; at two indicator locations, intake (T-29) and discharge (T-30), and at one control location about 5.3 miles WNW from the plant (T-27). The samples are gamma scanned and anal-yzed for gross beta and strontium-89 and -90. 1 l 3.2-6
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 5 i 3.1.4 Program Execution Program execution is summarized in Table 4.4. The program was executed as described in the preceding sections with the following exceptions:
- 1. There were no gross beta in air particulate and airborne iodine-131 data from locations T-1, T-2, and T-3 for the collection periods ending 6-28-82, 7-6-82, 7-12-82, 7-19-82, and 7-26-82 because a power line to the samplers was down.
- 2. There were no gross beta in sir particulate and airborne iodine-131 data from Location T-7 for the collection period ,
ending 3-15-82 because of pump malfunction.
- 3. There were no gross beta in air particulate and airborne iodine-131 data from location T-9 for the collection period ending 8-9-82 because the fuse was blown.
- 4. There were no gross beta in air particulate and airborne iodine-131 data from location T-23 for the collection period ending 1-11-82 because the location was inaccessable due to bad weather.
- 5. There were no gross beta in air particulate and airborne iodine-131 data from location T-23 for the collection periods ending 12-20-82 and 12-27-82 because the sample collector was on vacation and could not find a substitute.
- 6. Weekly samples of untreated surf ace water were not collected from Lake Erie (T-3) for three weeks in February,1982 because the lake was frozen.
- 7. There was no TLD data from Location T-49 for the third quarter of 1982 because they were lost in the field.
3.1.5 Census of Milch Animals In compliance with Appendix B, Section 3.2 of the Technical Specifications for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, the annual census of milch animals was conducted on May 25 and 27, 1982 and June 1,1982 by the Environmental Monitoring Group personnel, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. The census results were as follows: Goats Allen Avery Farm, 4 miles S of the Station; 3 goats, 2 are milking. , 3.2-7
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Dan Biggert Farm, 3 miles SSW of the Station; 3 non-milking goats. Clark Brown Farm, 4.5 miles SSE of the Station; 7 goats, 2 will be milking late August or early September. Ralph A. Miller Farm, 4.5 miles SSE of the Station; 1 milk goat and 3 kids. Milk will be used for personal consumption af ter kids are weaned. Mary Waugh Farm, 7.5 miles SE of the Station; 2 goats, could not be confirmed if milking or non-milking. Lyle Wooley Farm, 2.5 miles SSW of the Station; 1 goat and 2 sheep, could not be confirmed if goat is milking or non-milking. . Arthur Bruns Farm, 4 miles SSE of the Station; 1 non-milking goat. Milking Cows Carl Gaeth Farm, 5.5 miles WSW of the Station; 35 milking cows. Earl Moore Farm, 2.5 miles WSW of the Station; 35 milking cows. . Gordon Sandwisch Farm,1 mile SSW of the Station; 1 milking cow steer, and a calf. The milk is used only to nurse the calf. Non-Milking Cows and Cattle David Appling Farm, 0.5 miles W of the Station; 5 beef cows. Gerald Daup Farm, dairy cattle for breeding and marketing only. Ed DeWitz Farm,15 beef cattle. Alvin Gates Farm, 4 miles SW of the Station; 4 beef steer. 3.2 Results and Discussion The results for the reporting period January to December 1982 are presented in summary form in Table 4.5. For each type of analysis of each sampled medium, this table shows the annual mean and range for all indicator locations and for all control locations. The loca-tion with the highest annual mean and the results for this location are also given. The discussion of the results has been divided into three broad cate- ' gories; the air, terrestrial, and aquatic environments. Within each category, samples are discussed in the order listed in Table 4.4. 3.2-8
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES t Any references to previous environmental data for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station refer to data collected by HES (or its predeces- ! sor companies, NALC0 Environmental Sciences and Industrial BIO-TEST Laboratories,Inc.). The tabulated results of all measurements made during 1982 are not included in this section, although references to these results are made in the discussion. The complete tabulation of the results is submitted to the Toledo Edison Company in a separate report. 3.2.1 The Effect of Chinese Atmospheric Nuclear Detonation There were no reported atmospheric nuclear tests in 1982. The last reported test was conducted by the People's Republic of China on 16 October 1980. The reported yield was in the 200 - kiloton to 1 megaton range. There was a moderate residual effect from this test en khe gross beta levels in airborne particulates. The annual mean gross beta activity was three times lower than in 1981. The highest activity was reached in the first quarter and then declined steadily to the level observed in 1980. 3.2.2 The Air Environment Airborne Particulates Gross beta measurements yielded annual means that were nearly identical at the five control locations and at the six indicator locations (0.022 pCi/m3 and 0.024 pCi/m3, respectively). The annual mean activity in 1982 was approximately four times lower than in 1981 (0.090 pCi/m3). The decrease in the activity is attributable to the c'0ansing of the atmosphere of the radioac-tive debris which was introduced into the atmosphere by the nuclear test conducted October 16, 1980. The highest annual mean (0.026 pC1/m3) was measured at control location T-23,14.3 miles ENE of the station. Gross beta activities at all locations were also statistically analyzed by months and quarters. The highest averages were for the months of January and February and the first quarter. The elevated activity was due to an early spring peak, which has been observed almost annually (1976 and 1979 were exceptions) for many years (Wilson et al., 1969)~. The spring peak has been attributed to f allout of nuclides from the stratosphere (Gold et al.,1964). It was more pronounced in 1981 and, to a lesser i degree, in 1982 because of the addition of the radioactive debris from the latest nuclear test. 3.2-9
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
)
Strontium-89 and strontium-90 activities were below their respec-tive LL0s of 0.0005 and 0.0002 pCi/113 in all samples. Gamma spectroscopic analysis of quarterly composites of air particulate filters yielded nearly identical results for indica-toe and control locations. The predominant gamma-emitting isotope was beryllium-7 which is produced continuously in the upper atmosphere by cosmic radiation (Arnold and Al-Salih,1955). A trace amount of cerium-144 was detected in one sample. Presence of cerium-144 in the atmosphere is attributable to the f allout from the most recent naclear test conducted 16 October 1980. There was no indication of a station effect on the data. Airborne Iodine Weekly levels of airborne ioding-131 were below the lower limit of detection (LLD) of 0.02 pCi/m3 in all samples. Ambient Gamma Radiation At thirteen (13) regular locations the monthly TLDs measured a mean equivalent dose of 13.5 mrem /91 days at the indicator locations and a mean of 14.4 mrem /91 days at control locations. These results were in agreement with the values obtained by -) quarterly TLDs and were nearly identical to the ' levels observed in 1980 (13.6 mrem /91 days and 14.5 mrem /91 days, respectively), and in 1981 (13.8 mrem /91 days and 14.9 mrem /91 days, respec-tively). The highest annual means for monthly TL0s (17.8 mrem /91 days) and for quarterly TL0s (19.3 mrem /91 days) occured at indicator location T-8. At the twelve special locations established at the site bound-ary, the mean equivalents were essentially identical to those measured at the regular indicator locations (14.1 rrrem/91 days and 13.9 mrem /91 days, monthly and quarterly, respectively). At the six special locations established within 3.7 mi to 5.0 mi radius the mean dose equivalent was higher (17.3 mrem /91 days and 17.6 mrem /91 days, monthly and quarterly, respec-tively). Higher gaMa radiation levels measured at locations away from the lake were also observed in previous years and are attributed to the higher potassium-40 content in the soil. The annual mean dose eouivalent for all locations measured by monthly and quarterly TL0s was 14.5 mrem /91 days and was iden-tical to that measured in 1980 and similar to mean dose measured . in 1981 (14.8 mrem /91 days). This is lower than the average 3.2-10
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES ( natura background radiation for Middle America,19.5 mrad / quarter {; and is primarily due to the lower potassium-40 content in the soil in the area. 3.2.3 The Terrestrial Environment Milk _ A total of 54 analyses for iodine-131 in milk were performed during the reporting period. All samples contained less than 1.0 pCi/1 of iodine-131. Strontium-89 was below the LLD level of 1.7 pCi/1 in all samples. ~ Strontium-90 activity was detected in all but four samples and ranged from 0.6 to 2.8 pCi/1. The annual aan value for stron-tium-90 was slightly higher at the indicator location (1.7 pCi/1) than at the control location (1.5 pCi/1). The loca-tion with the highest mean (1.8 pCi/1) was control location T-20. The mean values were similar to those measured in 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981. The activities of barium-140 and cesium-137 were below their respective LLDs in all samples collected. Results for potassium-40 were nearly identical at control and indicator locations (1310 and 1300 pCi/1, respectively). Indic-ator location T-20 had the highest mean (1330 pCi/1). t Since the chemistries of calcium and strontium, and potassium and cesium are similar. organisms tend to deposit cesium-137 in muscle and soft tissue and strontium-89 and -90 in bones. In order to detect potential environmental accumul ation ' of these radionuclides, the ratios of the strontium-90 activity to the weight of calcium and of the cesium-137 activity to weight of stable potassium were monitored in milk. ' The measured concentrations of calcium and stable potassium were in agree-ment with previously determined values of 1.16i0.08 g/l and 1.5010.21 g/1, respectively (National Center for Radiological Health, 1968). No statistically significant variations in the ratios were observed. 1 This estimate is based on data on pp. 71 and 108 of the report Natural Background Radiation in the CL ?d States (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements,198 j. The terrestrial absorbed dose (uncor-rected for structural and body shielding) ranges from 35 to 75 mrad /y and averages 46 mead /y for Middle America. Cosmic radiation and cosmogenic radionuclides contribute 32 mrad /y for an average of 78 mrad /y or 19.5 mrad / quarter. 3.2-11 i
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Groundwater (Well Water) Gross beta activities in suspended solids were below the LLD of 0.7 pCi/l in all samples. Gross beta activities in dissolved solids averaged 3.3 pCi/l at the indicator locations and 6.8 pC1/1 at the control location. The location with the highest annual mean was the control location T-27 and averaged 6.8 pCi/1. The range of gross beta activities were similar to those observed in 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981. Tritium activity was below the LLD of 330 pCi/l in all samples. Strontium-89 and strontium-90 activities were below the LLD's of 2.0 pCi/l and 1.2 pCi/1 in all samples. - All samples were below the LLD of 10.0 pCi/l for cesium-137 - activity. The activities detected in well water were not significant when compared with the LLDs and were not attributable to the station operation. Edible Meat In the edible meat samples (chickens, muskrats, goose, and snapping turtle) the mean potassium-40 activity was 2.77 pCi/g wet weight for the indicator locations and 2.66 pCi/g wet weight for the control location. Cesium-137 activity was below the LLD of 0.078 pCi/g wet weight in all but one sample. Fruits and Vegetables Strontium-89 and strontium-90 activity was below the LLD of 0.011 pC1/g wet weight and 0.007 pCi/g wet weight respectively in all samples. The only gamma-emitting isotope detected was naturally-occurring potassium-40. The mean activities were 1.45 pCi/g wet weight for the indicator locations and 1.38 pCi/g wet weight for the control locations. The activities detected were identical or similar to those detected in 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981. All other gamma-emitting isotopes were below their respective LLDs. Green Leafy Vegetables Green leafy vegetables (cabbage) collected during harvest season were analyzed for iodine-131. All results were below the LLD of 3.2-12 1
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL. SCIENCES 0.023 pCi/g wet weight. All gamma-emitting isotopes, except potassium-40 and cerium-141, were below their respective LLDs. Potassium-40 activity averaged 1.49 pC1/g wet weight and 1.60 pCi/g wet weight for indicator and control locations, respec-tively. Cerium-141 was detected in one control sample and was 0.078 pC1/g wet weight. No plant effect was indicated. Animal-Wildlife Feed In grass, smartweed, and corn the only gamma-emitting isotope detected was potassium-40. The annual mean for control location T-34 was (2.04 pCi/g wet weight) nearly identical to the mean value for indicator locations (2.10 pCi/g wet weight). All other . gamma-emitting isotopes were below their respective LLDs. Soil Soil samples were collected in June 1982 and analyzed for gamma-emitting isotopes. The predominant activity was potassium-40 which had a mean value of 17.2 pCi/g dry weight at the indicator locations and 21.0 pCi/g dry weight at the control locations. Cesium-137 activiy was above the LLD of 0.048 pCi/g in eight of the eleven samples. The mean activity at the indicator locations was 0.246 pCi/g dry weight and 0.705 pCi/g dry weight at the control locations. The highest cesium-137 activity, 0.986 pCi/g, was detected at the control location T-23, 14.3 miles ENE of station. The level of activities and distribution pattern was very similar to those observed in 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981. Bery111um-7 was detected in one control sample and the activity was 1.54 pCi/g dry weight. 3.2.4 The Aquatic Environment i i Water Samples - Treated In treated water samples the gross beta activity in suspended solids was below the LLD of 0.9 pCi/1 in all samples. Gross beta activity in dissolved solids averaged 2.3 pCi/l at indicator locations and 2.6 pCi/l at control locations. The values are similar to those measured in 1975, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981. Annual mean tritium activities were similar at indica-tor and control locations (<330 and 370 pCi/1, respectively). Strontium-89 and strontium-90 activities were below the LLD ! levels of 3.2 and 1.7 pCi/1, respectively in all samples. Cesium-137 level was beloa the LLD of 10 pC1/1 in all samples. Essentially identical results were obtained in 1979, 1980, and 1981. 3.2-13
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Water Samples - Untreated In untreated water samples the mean gross beta activity in suspended solids was 1.8 pCi/l at indicator locations and below the LLD of 1.0 pC1/1 at control locations. In dissolved solids the mean activity was 3.1 pCi/1 at indicator and 2.9 pCi/l at control locations. For total residue, the mean activities were 3.4 pCi/1 at indicator locations and 3.0 pC1/1 at control loca-tions. None of these results show statistically significant differences between indicator and control locations. The mean tritium activities for indicator and control locations . were essentially identical (<330 and 420 pCi/1, respectively). These results were slightly higher than those obtained for treated water, (<330 and 370 pCi/1, respectively) but differ-ences are not statistically significant since the countin uncertainty is larger than the difference (140-160 pCi/1)g . Strontium-89 level was below the LLD of 2.1 pCi/1 in all sam-ples. Strontium-90 activity was nearly identical at indicator and control locations, 0.8 pCi/l and 0.9 pCi/1, respectively. Cesium-137 activity was below the LLO of 10.0 pCi/l for all locations. No plant effect was indicated. Fish The mean gross beta activity in fish muscle was similar for indicator and control locations (2.84 and 3.13 pCi/g wet weight, respectively). Potassium-40 was the only gamma-emitting isotope detected. The mean potassium-40 activity was 2.81 pCi/g wet weight for the indicator location and 2.77 pCi/g wet weight for the control location. Cesium-137 activity was below the LLD level of 0.040 pCi/g wet weight in all samples. The levels of activities were similar to those observed in 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981. No plant effect was indicated. Bottom Sediments The mean gross beta activity in bottom sediments was 19.3 pCi/g dry weight for indicator locations and 20.5 pCi/g dry weight for the control location. The location with the highest 3.2-14
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL. SCIENCES t mean was control Location T-27 (20.5 pCi/g dry weight). Control Location T-27 also had the highest mean potassium-40 activity (15.3 pCi/g dry weight) which was the major contributor to the gross beta activity at all locations. Strontium-89 activity was below the LLD level of 0.041 pCi/g dry weight in all but two samples, one indicator and one control. The activities were 0.081 and 0.063 pCi/g dry weight, respectively. The mean strontium-90 activity was 0.028 pCi/g dry weight for indicator locations and 0.016 pCi/g dry weight for control , location. The location with the highest mean was indicator Location T-29 (0.031 pCi/g). The difference between these , values is insignificant. Cesium-137 activity was detected in one of six samples and was 0.124 pCi/g dry weight at control location T-27. Similar levels, distribution, and composition of detected radionuclides were detected in 1978, 1979, 1980, and 1981. 3.2.5 Summary and Conclusions Results of sample analyses during the period January - December 1982 are summarized in Table 4.5. Tabulations of data for all samples collected during this period, additional statistical analyses of the data, and graphs of data trends are presented in a separate report to the Toledo Edison Company (HES 1983). Radionuclide concentrations measured at indicator locations were compared with levels measured at control locations and in pre-operational studies. The comparisons indicate background-level l radioactivities in all samples collected. No station effect on l the environment was indicated in any of the sampling media collected and analyzed. I l l - \ l 3.2-15
O HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES 4.0 FIGURES AND TABLES l 1 3.2-16 l -_ _ - _.. , _ . ._
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HA2LETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Table 4.1. Sanpling locations, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit No.1. Type of Code location a T-1 I Site boundary, 0.6 miles NE of station. near intake canal . T-2 I Site boundary, 0.9 miles E of station. T-3 I Site boundary, 1.4 miles SE of station, near Toussaint River and storm drain. T-4 I Site boundary, 0.8 miles S of station, near Locust . Point and Toussaint River. T-5 I Main entrance to site, 0.5 miles W of station. T-7 I Sand Beach, 0.9 miles NNW of station. T-8 I Earl Moore Farm, 2.7 miles WSW of station. T-9 C Oak Harbor, 6.8 miles SW of station. T-ll C Port Clinton, 9.5 miles SE of station. T-12 C Toledo Water Treatment Station. Airborne particulate and iodine collected 23.5 miles WNW of site and water samples taken from intake crib 11.25 miles NW of site. T-17 I Irv Fick's well onsite, 0.7 miles SW of station. T-20 I Gaeth Farm, 5.5 miles WSW of station. T-23 C Put-In-Bay Lighthouse.14.3 miles ENE of station. T-24 C Sandusky, 24.9 miles SE of station. T-25 I Miller Farm, 3.7 miles S of station. T-27 C Magee Marsh, 5.3 miles WNW of station. T-28 I Unit 1 treated and untreated water supply, onsite. T-29 I Lake Erie, intake area, 1.5 miles NE of station. T-30 I Lake Erie, discharge area, 0.9 miles ENE of station. 3.2-19
HA2LETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
}
Table 4.1. (continued) Type of Code Locationa T-31 I Onsite. T-32 I land, within 5 miles radius of station. T-33 I Lake Erie, within 5 miles radius of site. T-34 C Land, greater than 10 miles radius of site. T-35 C Lake Erie, greater than 10 miles radius of site. T-36 I The private garden or farm having the highest X/Q. T-37 C The farm 10 to 20 miles from the site in the least prevalent wind direction. T-38 I Site boundary, 0.6 ENE of station near lake. T-39 I Site boundary,1.2 miles ESE of station near ditch to Toussaint. T-40 I Site boundary, 0.7 miles SE of station near ditch to Toussaint. T-41 I Site boundary, 0.6 miles SSE of station near ditch to Toussaint. T-42 I Siteboundary,0.5milesSSWofstationbyECC. T-43 I Site boundary, 0.5 miles SW of station along Route 2 fence. T-44 I Site boundary, 0.5 miles W of station by railroad tracks. T-45 I Site boundary, 0.5 miles WNW of station on access road behind cooling tower. T-46 I Site boundary, 0.5 miles NW of station along access road. T-47 I Site boundary, 0.5 miles N of station along access road by gate. 3.2-20
l HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES j ( l Table 4.1. (continued) Type of Code Locationa T-48 I Site boundary, 0.5 miles NNE of station by lake. T-49 I Site boundary, 0.5 miles NE of station along access road by lake. T-50 I Erie Industrial Park, 4.5 miles ESE of station by Water Tower. T-51 I Daup Farm, 600 Tettau Road. Port Clinton, Ohio 4.5 miles SSE of the station. . T-52 I Miller Farm, 3.7 miles S of site on West Camp Perry Western Road. T-53 I Nixon Farm, 4.5 miles SSE of site on West Camp Perry Western Road. T-54 I M. Beier Farm, 4.8 miles WSW of site on Genzman Road T-55 I Lenke Farm, 5 miles west of site on Route 2. al-Indicator locations: C = Control locations. l i t 3.2-21
Table 4.2. Type and frequency of collection. Sampfing ~ ~ - ~ Location _ Type Weekly Monthly Quarterly _ Semi-Annually Annually 1 I AP Al TLD TLD SO 2 I AP AI TLD TLD SO 3 I AP Al SWU TLD TLD SO I AP AI TLD TLD S0 4 5 I I AP AI TLD TLD TLD TLD WW S0 j u 7 8 I AP AI TLD M a TLD VE b gc S0 P 9 C AP Al TLD TLD S0 a 11 C AP Al SWU SWT TLD TLD SO O AP Al SWU SWT TLD TLD SO 2 12 C 8 17 I WW 20 I M a g 23 C AP AI TLD TLD SO g a F 24 C TLD M TLD O N 25 I VE b z U 27 C AP AI TLD TLD WW BS S0 E 28 I SWU SWT 29 30 I I BS BS fr 31 I WL SMW g 32 I ME d n 33 I F WF ST E 34 C ME VE b gc Z d g 35 C F 36 I GLV W 37 C GLV 38-55 I TLD TLD a Semi-monthly during the grazing season. May through October. Cattlefeed collected during the 1st quarter grass collected during 3rd quarter. lTwovarietiesfromeachlocation. Two species from each location.
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Table 4.3. Sample codes used in Table 4.2. 1 Code Description AP Airborne Particulate AI Airborne Iodine TLD(M) Thermoluminescent Dosimeter - Monthly TLD(Q) Thermoluminescent Dosimeter - Quarterly , M Milk , WW Well Water (Ground Water) ME Domestic Meat VE Fruits and Vegetables GLV Green Leafy Vegetables I AF Animal Feed (silage, grain, grass) SMW Smartweed SWT Surface Water - Treated SWU Surface Water - Untreated F Fish BS Bottom Sediments 50 Soil WL Wildlife (muskrat or raccoon) ST Snapping Turtle WF Water fowl (goose) 3.2-23
Table 4.4. Sampling summary. Number~6f- -Nun itieT6f
- ~ - - ~ ~ ~~ ~-~
- ~ 311ecTion 0 - fiuliiber Sample Type and d
of Samples Samples Type Frequency Locations Collected Missed _ Remarks Air Environment
~ Airborne particulates C/W 11 563b 20 See text p. 3.2-7 Airborne iodine C/W 11 563b 20 See text p. 3.2-7 TLDs C/M 31 372 0 C/Q 31 123 1 See text p. 3.2-7
_ Terrestrial Environment MiIk (May-Oct) G/SM 3 36 0 p (Nov-Apr) G/M 3 18 0 N Groundwater G/Q 3 12 0 E Edible Meat -4
- a. Domestic meat
- b. Wildlife G/SA G/SA 2
1 4 2 0 0 l (one species) z
- c. Waterfowl G/A 1 1 0 at w d. Snapping Turtle G/A 1 1 0 5 L Fruits and Vegetables G/SA 3 12 0 0 2
L (two varieties from each location) h Green leafy vegetables G/M 2 6 0 g (during harvest season) g Animal-wildlife feed r
- a. Cattlefeed G/A 2 2 0 Collected 1st Q m
- b. Grass or corn G/A 2 2 0 Collected 3rd Q Q
- c. Smartweed G/A 1 1 0 m Soil A3uatic Environment G/A 11 11 0 la Treated surface water G/WM 3 156b 0 Untreated surface water G/WM 3 153b 3 See text p. 3.2-7 G/HM 1 52b o Fish (two species) G/SA 2 8 0 Bottom sediments G/SA 3 6 0 a
Type of collection is coded as follows: C/ = continuous; G/ = grab. Frequency is coded as follows: /HM = hourly grab composited monthly; /WM = weekly grab com-posited monthly; /W = weekly; /SM = semi-monthly; /M = monthly; /Q = quarterly,
/SA = semi-annually; /A = annually.
b Samples are sent to laboratory weekly.
Table 4.5 Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program Summary. Nane of fxility Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Docket No. 50-346 Location of factTTIf~ 0Etawa u ~Efo C Reporting period Ja,uary - December 1982
~(County, state)
In'3Icator Location with liTgTest Control Sample Type and Locationg Annual Mean Locations Number of Type Number of Mean(F) Mean(F) Non-routine Mean(F) Resuits' (Units) Analysesa ttob Range- Locationd Range Range Airborne G8 563f 0.0029 0.024 (298/302) T-23, Put-in-Bay 0.026 (48/53) 0.022(255/261) O (0.006-0.073) Lighthouse (0.010-0.066) (0.008-0.066) Particy)lates (pC1/m 14.3 mi ENE I Sr-89 8 0.0005 <LLD - - <LLD 0 Sr-90 8 0.0002 (LLD - - <LLD 0 GS 8 O Be-7 0.0054 0.058 (4/4) NAh 0.075 (4/4) 0 (0.057-0.065) (0.065-0.089) K-40 0.0068 <tLD - - <tLD 0 $ ." 2 to iti-95 0.0006 <LLD - - <LLD 0 0 /o Z m Zr-95 0.0013 (LLD - - <tLD 0 g Ru-103 0.0012 <LLD - - <LLD 0 Ru-106 0.0031 <LLD - - <tLD 0 f* Cs-134 0.0004 <LLD - - <LLD 0 g Cs-137 0.0005 (LLD - - <LLD 0 Ce-141 0.0020 <LLD - - <tLD 0 Ce-144 0.0028 0.005(1/4) NA - <LLD 0 l Airborne I-131 563 0.021 <tLD - - <tLD 0 lodine (pC1/m3 ) TLD (Monthly) Ganma 156 1.0 13.5 (84/84) T-8 Earl Moore Farm 17.8 (12/12) 14.4 (12/72) 0 . (mron/91 days) (9.3-18.9) 2.7 mi WSW (16.5-18.9) (10.5-17.4) TLD (Quarterly) Gamna 52 1.0 14.0 (28/28) T-8. Earl Moore Farm 19.3(4/4) 15.5 (24/24) 0 (mren/91 days) (9.2-21.3) 2.7 mi WSW (18.4-21.3) (10.0-20.5)
._ _ .___- . _._._____ ._ .-. -__.-__.1 __-_ _ _ __-.
i. Table 4.5 (continued) .
' Nane of Facility Davis-8 esse Nuclear Power Station Indicator Location with Highest ~~ Tit Co 701 Sample Type and Locationg Annual Mean _
locations Nisaber of Type Number of Mean(F) Mean(f), Mean(F) kn-routine (Units) Analysesa LLDb RangeC locationd Range Range Resultse TLD (Monthly) Gamma 143 1.0 14.1 (143/143) T-45, Site boundary 19.2(12/12) None 0-(ares /91dyas) (8.4-19.9) 0.5 mi WNW (17.9-19.9) (Inner Ring Site Boundary) TLD (Quarterly) Gamma 47 1.0 13.9 (47/47) T-45, Site boundary 18.9 (4/4) kne 0 (mrem /91 days) (8.5-21.3) 0.5 at WNW (14.1-21.3) ' I t (Inner Ring Site Boundary)
.)
TLD (Monthly) Comma 72
- 1,. 0 17.3(72/72) T-50, Erie Industrial 16.3 (12/12) None 0 't
] (ares /91 days) (12.4-18.9) Park, 4.5 mi ESE of (14.3-18.9) g (Outer Ring, app. Station by Water g ] 5 mi distant) Tower M I TLD (Quarterly) Gamma 24 1.0 17.6 (24/24) T-50. Erie Industrial 18.8(4/4) None 0 2 ! (mrem /91 days) (12.4-22.3) Park. 4.5 mi ESE of (16.3-20.3) ( ! F (Outer Ring, app. Station by Water j ;
; N 5 mi distant) Tower g
j g i m j Milk (pC1/l) 1-131 54 1.0 (LLD - - <tLD 0 E A S< 19 54 1.7 <LLD - - <LLD 0 Sr-90 54 0.53 1.7 (32/36) T-20, Gaeth Fars 1.8(18/18) 1.5(18/18) 0 g-(0.6-2.6) 5.5 at WSW (1.4-2.6) (1.0-2.8) GS 54 E N i K-40 100 1300 ( 36/36) T-20, Gaeth Fare 1330 (18/18) 1310 (18/18) 0 Z (1080-1590) 5.5 at WSW (1240-1590) (1030-1820) O M Cs-137 10 <LLD - - <LLD 0 W Ba-140 10 <LLD - - (LLD 0 (g/l) Ca 54 0.5 1.2 (36/36) No highest location, 1.2(54/54) 1.2(18/18) 0 (0.9-1.4) all are identical (0.7-1.4) (0.7-1.4) K 54 0.04 1.52(36/36) T-20, Gaeth Fars 1.51(18/18) 1.49 (18/18) 0 (stable) (1.33-1.81) 5.5 at WSW (1.38-l.81) (1.17-2.07) (pC1/g) Sr-90/Ca 54 0.8 1.4 (36/36) T-20, Gaeth Fars 1.5(18/18) 1.3 (18/18) 0 (0.9-2.2) 5.5 at WSW (0.9-2.2) (0.9-2.4) (pC1/g) Cs-137/K 54 9.1 <t L D - - <tLD 0 1 1
Table 4.5 (continued) Name of Factitty Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Indicator LocatT6ri wnOfTghest ~~- rontrol Sample Type and Locationg Annual Mean Locations Number of Type Number of Mean(F) seeinit 3 Mean(F) Non-routine (Units) Analysesa LLDb RangeC Locationd Range Range Results' Well Water GB (SS) 12 0.7 (LLD - - (LLD 0 (pC1/1) GB (DS) 12 ,1.O k 3.3(8/8) T-27, Magee Marsh 6.8 (1/4) 6.8 (1/4) 0 (2.4-4.7) 5.3 at WNW - - GB (TR) 12 3.4 (8/8) T-27, Magee Marsh 6.8 (1/4) 6.8 (1/4) 0 (2.7-4.7) 5.3 mi WNW - - Z H-3 12 330 <LLD - - (LLD 0 N F Sr-89 8 2. 0 . <LLD - (LLD 0 l - Sr-90 8 1.2 <LLD - - <LLD 0 GS 8 E Z Cs-137 10.0 (LLD - - <tLD 0 < p ___ . .. _ ___ g to Edible Meat GS 8 g 4 N (pC1/g wet) K-40 0.1 2.77 (6/6) T-32, Lieske Fars 2.94 (2/2) 2.66 (2/2) 0 z (2.24-3.48) 3.0 ml V (2.58-3.30) (2.62-2.70) Cs-137 0.078 <LLD - - <tLD 0 2 0 g. Fruits and Sr-89 12 0.011 <LLD - - <LLD Vegetables (pCf/g wet) Sr-90 12 0.007 (LLD - - (LLD 0 GS 12 5 2 K-40 0.50 1.45 (8/8) T-8, Earl Moore Fars 1.65 (4/4) 1.38 (4/4) 0 O (1.02-2.93) 2.7 at WSW (1.05-2.93) (0.84-1.89) M 13 Nb-95 0.036 <LLD - - (LLD 0 Zr-95 0.064 <LLD - -
<tLD 0 Ru-106 0.33 <LLD - - <LLD 0 Cs-137 0.033 <LLD - - (LLD 0 Ce-141 0.093 (LLD - - (LLD 0 Ce-144 0.20 (LLD - - (LLD 0 ,
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Table 4.5 (continued) Name of Facility Davis.Besse Nuclear Power Station Indicator LocatTon witFliighest Control Sample Type and locationg Annual Mean ~ Locations haber of Type Number of Mean(F) Mini (F) Mean(F) Non-routine (Units) Analysesa LLDb RangeC Locationd Range Range Resultse Soll Ru-103 0.16 <LLD - - (LLD 0 (pCl/g dry) Ru-106 0.67 (LLD - (LLD 0 (cont'd) - Cs-137 0.048 0.246 (3/6) T-23, Put-in-8ay 0.986(1/1) 0.705 (5/5) 0 (0.163-0.292) 14.3 mi ENE - (0.385-0.986) I Ce-141 0.14 <LLD - - <LLD 0 Ce-144 ,0.34 <tLD - - <tLD 0 I Treated Surface GB (SS) 36 d.9 <LLD - - (LLD 0 0 Water 0 g (pCl/l) GB (DS) 36 1.0 2.3(12/12) T-II, Port Clinton 2.7(12/12) 2.6(24/24) 9.5 mi SE (2.1-3.8) (1.7-3.8) M (1.1-3.2) Z G8(TR) 36 1.0 2.3 (12/12) T-ll, Port Clinton 2.8 (12/12) 2.6(24/24) 0 < w (1.1-3.2) 9.5 at SE (2.1-3.8) (1.7-3.8) ] O e ro H-3 12 330 (LLD T-12. Toledo Tap 370 (2/4) 370(4/8) 0 g
- 23.5 ml WNW (340-400) (340-400) g 3.2 (LLD <tLD 0 E Sr-89 8 - -
Sr-90 8 1.7 <tLD - - (LLO O V GS 8 g Cs-137 10.0 <LLD - - (LLD 0 0 M Untreated Surface G8 (SS) 47 1.0 1.8 (2/23) T-3, Lake Erie Site 1.8 (2/11) (LLD 0 Z Water (1.2-2.3) boundary, 1.4 mi SE (1.2-2.3) O of Station near M (pCi/1) E Toussaint R. and stora drain GB(DS) 47 1.0 3.1 (23/23) T-3,(seeabove) 3.1 (11/11) 2.9(24/24) 0 (1.8-3.8) (2.2-3.7) (2.1-3.8) GB (IR) 47 1.0 3.4 (23/23) T-3 (see above) 3.6 (11/11) 3.0 (24/24) 0 (1.8-5.5) (2.2-5.5) (2.2-4.2) H-3 16 330 <tL D T-12 Toledo Tap 430 (1/4) 420 (3/8 0 23.5 mi WNW - (410-430 Sr-89 8 2.1 <tLD - - <LLD 0 4 .
Tabla 4.5 (continued) N.mne of Facility D:vis-Bessa Nuctrar Power Station ~ IEdicator LocatToi with Highist Co'stril Sample Type and Locationg Annual Mean locations Number of Number of Mean(F Hian(F) Mean(F) Non-rout ine Type Resultse Analysesa LLDb Range Locationd Range Range (Units) __ 0.9 (4/4) 0 Untreated Surface Sr-90 8 0.3 0.8(4/4) NA NA Water (0.6-1.0) (0.4-1.4) (PC1/l) GS 8 7.8 <LLD - <LLD 0 Cs-137 - T-35, Lake Erie 3.13 (4/4) 3.13 (4/4) 0 Fish GB 8 0.1 2.84 (4/4) (pC1/gwet) (2.10-3.20) 15 mi NE (2.76-3.38) (2.76-3.38) 8 I GS > K-40 0.1 2.81 (4/4) T-33, Lake Erie 2.81(4/4) 2.77(4/4) O p (2.59-3.02) 1.5 al WE (2.59-3.02) (2.48-3.36) , 0.040' <tL D
- <LLD 0 0 Cs-137 -
0 Z Bottom Sediments GB 6 1.0 19.3 (4/4) T-27. Magee Marsh 20.5 (2/2) 20.5 (2/2) (20.0-21.1) M (pC1/g dry) (17.2-22.6) 5.3 at WW (20.0-21.1) Z F Sr-89 6 0.041 0.081 (1/4) T-30, Lake Erie 0.081(1/l) 0.063(1/1) 0 $ .ro - Discharge Area - - 3 d, 0.9 al ENE O T-29, Lake Erie 0.031 (2/2) 0.016 (2/2) 0 y Sr-90 6 0.005 0.028 (4/4) 3 (0.015-0.048) Intake Area (0.015-0.048) (0.010-0.021) 1.5 mi NE @ GS 6 0 I K-40 0.1 14.0 (4/4) T-27, Magee Marsh 15.3 (2/2) 15.3(2/2) W (13.1-15.5) 5.3 at WW (14.1-16.5) (14.1-16.5) 9 0.056 <tLD T-27. Magee Marsh 0.124 (1/2) 0.124 (1/2) O M Cs-137 5.3 mi WW - - Z O M a GB = gross beta, SS = suspended solids, DS = dissolved solids, TR = total residue. E b LLD = nominal lower limit of detection based on 3 sigma counting error for background sample. c Mean based upon detectable measurements only. Fraction of detect 41e measurenents at specified locations is indicated in parentheses. (F). d Locations are specified by station code (Table 4.1) and distance (elles) and direction relative to reactor site.
- Non-routine results are those which exceed ten times the control station value.
I Five results have been excluded in the determination of the means and ranges of gross beta in air particulates. The results were unreliable due to pump malfunction. 9 Three results have been excluded in the determination of the LLD for gross beta. Higher than norman LLD's resulted from pump malfunction or low volume. h Quarterly composites of all samples from indicator locations and control locations were gamma scanned separately. Thus, the location with the highest annual mean cannot be identified. I Thirty-eight results have been escluded in the determination of the LLD of airborne iodine-131. These results have been excluded due to apparent pump malfunction or low volume. 3 Two .high LLD values of 1.2 and two LLD values of 1.1 and 1.0 resulting from low chealcal recovery have been excluded from determination of LLD. k Three high LLD values (4.9, 7.2, and 7.3 pct /l) have been excluded from the determination of LLD. High values resulted from high dissolved sullds content necessitating the use of small volume for analysis.
v HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES I ( l i
,5. 0 REFERENCES Arnold, J. R. and H. A. Al-Salih. 1955. Beryllium-7 Produced by Cosmic Rays. Science 121: 451-453.
Gold, S., H. W. Barkhau, B. Shlein, and B. Kahn. 1964. Measurement of Naturally Occurring Radionuclides in Air, in the Natural Radiation Environment, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 369-382. . Hazleton Environmental Sciences, 1979. Operational Environmental Radio- - logical Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio, Annual Report, January-December 1978.
. 1980. Operational Environmental Radiological Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio, Annual Report, January-December 1979.
. 1981. Operational Environmental Radiological Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Unit No.1, Oak Harbor Ohio, Final
, Report - Part II, Data Tabulations and Analyses. January-December 1980.
. 1982. Operational Environmental Radiological Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Unit No.1, Oak Harbor, Ohio, Final Report - Part II, Data Tabulations and Analyses. January-December 1981.
. 1983. Operational Environmental Radiological Monitoring for the l Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Unit No.1, Oak Harbor, Ohio, Final Report - Part II, Data Tabulations and Analyses. January-December 1982.
NALCO Environmental Sciences. 1978. Preoperational and Operational Radio-logical Monitoring for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Oak Harbor, Ohio, Annual Report. January-Decenber 1977. National Center for Radiological Health. 1968. Section 1. Milk and Food. Radiological Health Data and Reports. Vol. 9, November 12, 730-746.
, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1978. Environmental Radiation Data,
! Report 12 (April 1978) and Report 14 (October 1978). Eastern Environ-I mental Radiation Facility, Montgomery, Alabama. Wilson, D. W., G. M. Ward, and J. E. Johnson. 1969. In: Environmental Contamination by Radioactive Materials, International Atomic Energy Agency, p. 125. 3.2-31
HA2LETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Appendix A Crosscheck Program Results A-1
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Appendix A Crosscheck Program Results The Nuclear Sciences Department of Hazleton Environmental Sciences has parti-cipated in interlaboratory comparison (crosscheck) programs since the formula-tion of its quality control program in December 1971. These programs are operated b agencies which supply environmental-type samples (e.g., milk or water) ycontaining concentrations of radionuclides known to the issuing agency but not to participant laboratories. The purpose of such a program is to provide an independent check on the laboratory's analytical procedures and to alert it to any possible problems. . Participant laboratories measure the concentrations of specified radionuclides and report them to the issuing agency. Several months later, the agency reports the known values to the participant laboratories and specifies control limits. Results consistently higher or lower than the known values or outside the control limits indicate a need to check the instruments or procedures used. The results in Table A-1 were obtained through participation in the environ-mental sample crosscheck program for milk and water samples during the period 1975 through 1982. This program has been conducted by the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Intercomparison and Calibration Section, Quality Assurance Branch, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Las Vegas, Nevada. The results in Table A-2 were obtained for thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) during the period 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980, and 1981 through participation in the Second, Third, Fourth, and Fifth International Intercomparison of Environmental Dosimeters under the sponsorships listed in Table A-2. l I' i l l l A-2
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Table A-1. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's crosscheck program, comparison of EPA and Hazleton ES results for milk and water samples,1975 through 1982a, Concentration in pCi/lb Lab Sample Date HE5 Result EPA Result Code Type Coll. Analysis i2a c i30 , n=1 d STM-40 Milk Jan. 1975 Sr-89 <2 Ot15 Sr-90 73t2.5 75 11.4 I-131 99 4.2 101 15.3 . Cs-137 76 0.0 75 15 Ba-140 <3.7 0 15.0 K(mg/1) 1470i5.6 1510 228 STW-45 Water Apr. 1975 Cr-51 <14 0 Co-60 421t6 425t63.9
- 2n-65 48716 497i74.7 Ru-106 505t16 497*74.7 Cs-134 385t3 400 60.0 Cs-137 468t3 450 67.5 STW-47 Water Jun. 1975 H-3 14591144 1499t1002 STW-48 Water Jun. 1975 H-3 2404t34 2204t1044 STW-49 Water Jun. 1975 Cr-51 <14 0 Co-60 344t1 350tS3 Zn-65 330t5 327t49 l Ru-106 31517 325 49 i Cs-134 291 1 304 46 t Cs-137 387 2 378 57 1
STW-53 Water Aug. 1975 H-3 3317 64 3200 1083 STW-54 Water Aug. 1975 Cr-51 223 11 225 38 305tl 307 46 Co-60 l 281 42 l Zn-65 289t3 Ru-106 346 5 279 57 Cs-134 238 1 256 38 Cs-137 292 2 307 46 l STW-58 Water Oct. 1975 H-3 1283t80 1203 988 l l A-3
HAZl.ETON ENVIRONMENTAL. SCIENCES Table A-1. (continued) Concentration in DCi/lb Lab Sample Date HES Result EPA Result Code Type Coll. Analysis 2a c 3a , n=1d STM-61 Milk Nov. 1975 Sr-90 68.9t2.1 74.6 11.2 I-131 64.6 3.8 75t15 Cs-137 75.6t20 75 15 Ba-140 <3.7 0 K(Mg/1) 1435157 1549 233 . STW-63 Water Dec. 1975 H-3 1034t39 1002 972 . STW-64 Water Dec. 1975 Cr-51 <14 0 Co-60 221t1 203 30.5 Zn-65 215 6 201 30.2 Ru-106 171 9 181 27.2 Cs-134 198t2 202 30.3 Cs-137 15214 151i22.7 STW-68 Water Feb. 1976 H-3 1124 31 1080 978 ; STW-78 Water Jun. 1976 H-3 2500t44 2502i1056 STW-84 Water Aug. 1976 H-3 3097t21 3100t1080 l STM-91 Milk Nov. 1976 I-131 83t0.6 85tl5 Ba-140 <4 0 Cs-137 12 1.7 11 15 K(mg/1) 1443 31 1510 228 STW-93 Water Dec. 1976 Cr-51 105t15 104 15 Co-60 <4 0 , Zn-65 97 4 102 15 Ru-106 87 3 99 15 Cs-134 85 4 93 15 Cs-137 103t4 101 15 STW-94 Water Dec. 1976 H-3 2537*15 2300t1049 STM-97 Milk Mar. 1977 I-131 55i2.5 51 15 Ba-140 <6 0 Cs-137 3411 29 15 l K(mg/1) 1520135 1550t233 STW-101 Water Apr. 1977 H-3 1690162 1760 1023 A-4
HA2LETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Table A-1. (continued) Concentration in DC1/lb Lab Sample Date HES Result EPA Result Code Type Coll. Analysis 2a e i3o , n=1 d STM-130 Milk May 1977 Sr-89 38t2.6 44t15 Sr-90 12 2.1 10 4.5 I-131 5912.1 50 15 Ba-140 5314.4 72 15 Cs-137 14 1.2 10 15 ' K(mg/1) 1533t21 1560 234
~
STW-105 Water Jun. 1977 Cr-51 <14 0 Co-60 29 1 29 15 Zn-65 74t7 74t15 . Ru-106 64 8 62 15 Cs-134 41 1 44 15 - Cs-137 35t3 35t15 STW-107 Water Jun. 1977 Ra-226 4.7 0.3 5.lt2.42 STW-113 Water Aug. 1977 Sr-89 13i0e 14 15 Sr-90 10t2e 10 4.5 STW-116 Water Sep.1977 Gross Alpha 12t6 10 15 Gross Beta 32 6 30 15 STW-118 Water Oct. 1977 H-3 1475i29 1650 1017 STW-119 Water Oct. 1977 Cr-51 132t14 153t24 39 2 38115 ' Co-60 Zn-65 51 5 53 15 Ru-106 63t6 74 15 Cs-134 30 3 30 15 Cs-137 26 1 25 15 STW-136 Water Feb. 1978 H-3 1690 270 1680 1020 STW-137 Water Feb. 1978 Cr-51 <27 0 Co-60 3612 34t15 Zn-65 32 4 29 15 Ru-106 41 2 36 15 Cs-134 47 2 52t15 Cs-137 <2 0 t A-5
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
' Table A-1. (continued)
Concentration in oCi/lb Lab Sample Date HE5 Result EPA Resylt Code Type Coll. Analysis 2a C i3o , n=la STW-138g Water Mar. 1978 Ra-226 5.4p.1 5.5t0.6 Ra-228 NA 16.7 2.5 STW-150 Water Apr. 1978 H-3 2150 220 2220t1047 STW-151 Water Apr. 1978 Gross Alpha 20 1 20 15 Gross Beta 5614 59 15 Sr-89 1912 21 15 Sr-93 Sil 10 4.5 Co-60 19 3 20t15 Cs-134 16t1 15 15 Cs-137 <2 0 STM-152 Milk Apr.1978 Sr-89 85t4 101 15 ' Sr-90 8t1 9A4.5 I-131 78t1 82 15 Cs-137 29 3 23t15 Ba-140 <11 0 X(mg/1) 1503 90 1500t225 STW-154g Water May 1978 Gross Alpha 12 1 13t15 Gross Beta 21 4 18t15 l STW-1579 Water Jun. 1978 Ra-226 3.7 0.6 Ra-228 4.01).0 NA 5.6i0.8 STW-159g Water Jul. 1978 Gross Alpha 19t3 22t6 Gross Beta 28 3 30 5 STW-162 Water Aug. 1978 H-3 1167 38 1230 990 STW-165g Water Sep. 1978 Gross Alpha 41 5t5 Gross Beta 13 1 10 5 A-6
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 5 Table A-1. (continued) Concentration in pCi/lb Lab Sample Date HE5 Result EPA Result Code Type Coll. Analysis i20 e i3 o , n=1d STW-167 Water Oct. 1978 Gross Alpha 19i2 19il5
- Gross Beta 36 2 34t15 Sr-89 91 10i15 Sr-90 410 5 2.4 Ra-226 5.510.3 5.0 2.4 Ra-228 NAf 5.4 2.4 Cs-134 10 1 10 15 Cs-137 15 1 1311E STW-170 Water Dec. 1978 Ra-226 11.510.6 9.2 1.4 Ra-228 NAf 8.914.5 STW-172 Water C n. 1979 Sr-89 11 2 14*15 Sr-90 5*2 6 4.5 STW-175 Water Feb. 1979 H-3 1344t115 1280 993 STW-176 Water Feb. 1979 Cr-51 <22 0 Co-60 10i2 9115 Zn-65 26 5 21 15 Rn-106 <16 0 Cs-134 82 6t15 Cs-137 15i2 12 15 STW-178 Water Mar. 1979 Gross Alpha 6.3 3 10 15 Gross Beta 1514 16 15 STW-195g Water Aug. 1979 Gross Alpha 6.3 1.2 Si5 Gross Br'. 22.7 7.0 40 4 STW-193 Water Sep. 1979 S "? 5.0 1.2 3.0 1.5 is . 3 25.0i2.7 28.0 4.5 STW-196 Water Oct. 1979 Cr-51 135 5.0 113 18 Co-60 7.0tl.0 65 Cs-134 7.3 0.6 7 15 Cs-137 12.7 1.2 11t15 .
STW-198 Water Oct. 1979 H-3 1710 140 1560 1111 A-7
HA2LETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES I Table A-1. (continued) Concentration in pCi/lb Lab Sample Date HES Result EPA Result Code Type Coll. Analysis 120 c 3a , n=1d STW-199 Water Oct. 1979 Gross Alpha 16.0t3.6 21 15 ' Gross Beta 36.311.2 49 15 , Sr-89 10.7 0.6 12 15 Sr-90 5.7 0.6 7 15 . Ra-226 11.1 0.3 11 5 Ra-228 1.6 0.7 0 ; Co-60 35.0tl.0 33t15 ! Cs-134 50.7 2.3 56 15 Cs-137 <3 0 STW-206 Water Jan. 1980 Gross Alpha 19.0t2.0 30.0 8.0 Gross Beta 48.0 2.0 45.015.0 STW-208 Water Jan. 1980 Sr-89 6.lil.2 10.0 0.5 Sr-90 23.911.1 25.5 1.5 STW-209 Water Feb. 1980 ~Cr-51 112i14 101 5.0 Co-60 12.7 2.3 11 5.0 Zn-65 29.7 2.3 25 5.0 Ru-106 71.7 1.5 51t5 Cs-134 12'.0 2.0 10 5.0 Cs-137 30.0 2.7 30 5.0 STW-210 Water Feb. 1980 H-3 1800 120 1750i340 STW-211 Water March 1980 Ra-226 15.7 0.2 16.0 2.4 Ra-228 3.5 0.3 2.6 0.4 STM-217 Milk May 1980 Sr-89 4.4t2.69 55 Sr-90 10.0 1.0 12il.5 STW-221 Water June 1980 Ra-226 2.0 0.0 1.7 0.8 Ra-228 1.610.1 1.7 0.8
'd A-8
l HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Table A-1. (continued) Concentration in pCi/lb Lab Sample Date HE5 Result EPA Result Code Type Coll. Analysis 2g c *3 o , n=1 d STW-223 Water July 1980 Gross Alpha 31 3.0 38 5.0 Gross Beta 44 4 35 5.0 STW-224 Water July 1980 Cs-137 33.9 0.4 35 5.0 Ba-140 <12 0 K-40 1350 60 1550 78 I-131 <5.0 0 STW-225 Water Aug. 1980 H-3 1280 50 1210 329 STW-226 Water Sept. 1980 Sr-89 22il.2 24 8.6 Sr-90 12 0.6 15t2.6
, STW-228 Water Sept. 1980 Gross Alpha NAf 32.0 8.0 Gross Beta 22.510.0 21.0 5.0 STW-235 Water Dec. 1980 H-3 2420i30 2240 604 STW-237 Water Jan. 1981 Sr-89 13.0 1.0 16 8.7 Sr-90 24.0*0.6 34 2.9 STM-239 Milk Jan. 1981 Sr-89 <210 0 Sr-90 15.7 2.6 20 3.0 I-131 30.9 4.8 26 10.0 Cs-137 46.9 2.9 43 9.0 Ba-140 <21 0 K-40 1330 53 1550 134 STW-240 Water Jan. 1981 Gross alpha 7.3 2.0 9 5.0 Gross beta 41.0*3.1 44 5.0 STW-243 Water Mar. 1981 Ra-226 3.5 0.06 3.4 0.5 Ra-228 6.5 2.3 7.3 1.1 i
l ! A-9
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES I Table A-1. (continued) Concentration in pCi/lb ' Lab Sample Date HES Result EPA Result Code Type Coll. Analysis 20 c 3o , n=1d STW-245 Water Apr. 1981 H-3 3210 115 2710t355 STW-249 Water May 1981 Sr-89 5113.6 36 8.7 Sr-90 22.7 0.6 22t2.6 STW-251 Water May 1981 Gross alpha 24.0 5.29 21 5.25 ~ Gross beta 16.1 1.9 14 5.0 STW-252 Water Jun. 1981 H-3 2140 95 1950 596 STW-255 Water Jul. 1981 Gross alpha 20il.5 22 9.5 Gross beta 13.0 2.0 ,15 8.7 STW-259 Water Sep. 1981 Sr-89 16.1tl.0 23t5 Sr-90 10.310.9 11 1.5 STW-265 Water Oct. 1981 Gross alpha 71.2119.1 80 20 Gross beta 123.3 16.6 11115.6 I Sr-89 14.9 2.0 21 5 Sr-90 13.111.7 14.4 1.5
~Ra-226 13.012.0 12.7 1.9 STW-269 Water Dec. 1981 H-3 2516t181 2700 355 STW-270 Water Jan. 1982 Sr-89 24.3t2.0 21.0i5.0 Sr-90 9.410.5 12.0 1.5 STW-273 Water Jan. 1982 I-131 8.6 0.6 8.4tl.5 STW-275 Water Feb. 1982 H-3 1580i147 1820 342 STW-276 Water Feb. 1982 Cr-51 <61 0 Co-60 26.0i3.7 20 5 Zn-65 <13 15 5 Ru-106 <46 20 5 Cs-134 26.8 0.7 22 5 Cs-137 29.7tl.4 23 5 STW-277 Water Mar. 1982 Ra-226 11.9 1.9 11.6 1.7 STW-278 Water Mar. 1982 Gross alpha 15.6 1.9 19 5 Gross beta 19.210.4 19 5 i
A-10
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Table A-1. (continued) Concentration in pCi/lb Lab Sample Date HES Result EPA Res Code Type Coll. Analysis *2a c 3a,n=1glt STW-280 Water Apr. 1982 H-3 2690i80 2860i360 STW-281 Water Apr. 1982 Gross alpha 75 7.9 85i21 Gross beta 114.li5.9 106 5.3 Sr-89 17.4 1.8 24 5 Sr-90 10.5 0.6 12 1.5 10.9il.5 Ra-226 11.4i2.0 Co-60 <4.6 0 , STW-284 Water May 1982 Gross alpha 31.5 6.5 27.5 7 Gross beta 25.9 3.4 29 5 STW-285 Water June 1982 H-3 1970 1408 1830 340 STW-286 Water June 1982 Ra-226 12.6 1.5 13.4t3.5 Ra-228 11.li2.5 8.712.3 STW-287 Water June 1982 I-131 6.5 0.3 4.4 0.7 STW-290 Water Aug. 1982 H-3 3210 140 2890i619 STW-291 Water Aug. 1982 I-131 94.6 2.5 87t15 STW-292 Water Sept 1982 Sr-89 22.713.8 24.5 8.7 Sr-90 10.9 0.3 14.5 2.6 STW-296 Water Oct. 1982 Co-60 20.0 1.0 20i8.7 Zn-65 32.3 5.1 24t8.7 Cs-134 15.3 1.5 19.0 8.7 Cs-137 21.0 1.7 20.0 8.7 STW-297 Water Oct. 1982 H-3 2470i20 25601612 STW-298 Water Oct . 1982 Gross alpha 32 30 55 24 Gross beta 81.7 6.1 81 8.7 Sr-89 <2 0 Sr-90 14.1 0.9 17.2 2.6 Cs-134 <2 1.8i8.7 Cs-137 22.710.6 20 8.7 Ra-226 13.6 0.3 12.5 3.2 Ra-228 3.9kl.0 3.6 0.9 A-11
HAZLETON ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
)
Table A-1. (continued) Concentration.in pCi/lb Lab Sample Date HES Result EPA Result Code Type Coll. Analysis 20 c *3 0 , n=1d STW-301 Water Nov. 1982 Gross alpha 12.0tl.0 19.0 8.7 Gross beta 34.0t2.7 24.0 8.7 STW-302 Water Dec. 1982 I-131 40.0i0.0 37.0 10 aResults obtained by the Nuclear Sciences Departnient of Hazleton Environ- ) mental Sciences as a participant in the environmental sample crosscheck program operated by the Intercomparison and Calibration Section, Quality Assurance Branch, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA), Las Vegas, Nevada. ball results are in pCi/1, except for elemental potassium (K) data which are in mg/1. cUnless otherwise indicated, the HES results given as the mean 20 standard deviations for three determinations, duSEPA results are presented as the known values control limits of 3a for n=1. eMean i 20 standard deviations of two determinations. fNA = Not analyzed. 9 Analyzed but not reported to the EPA. l t 4 A-12
Table A-2. Crosscheck program results, thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's). mR Hazleton Average 12o d Lab TLD Result Known (all Code Type Measurement f2o a Value participants) 2nd International Intercomparison b
'115-2b CaF2:Mn Gamma-Field 17.011.9 17.lc 16.417.7 N Bulb E Gamma-Lab 20.814.1 21.3c 18.817.6 g 3rd International Intercomparisone Z 115-38 CaF2:Mn Bulb Gamma-Field 30.713.2 34.914.8f 31.513.0 fm y Gamma-Lab 89.616.4 91.7114.6f 86.2124.0 0 4th International Intercomparison9 h 115-49 CaF2:Mn Gamma-Field 14.lil.1 14.lil.4f 16.09.0 Bulb r-Gamma-Lab (Low) 9.3tl.3 12.212.4f 12.017.6 m O
Gamma-Lab (High) 40.4tl.4 45.819.2f 43.9113.2 l Sth International Intercomparison h Q W 115-5Ah CaF2:Mn Gamma-Field 31.411.8 30.016.01 30.2114.6 Bulb . Gamma-Lab. 77.415.8 75.217.6i 75.8140.4 at beginning Gamma-Lab 96.615.8 88.418.81 90.7131.2 at the end I l l l
Table A-2. (Continued) mR Hazleton Average i 20 d Lab TLD Result Known (all Code Type Measurement 120a Value participants) 115-5Bh LiF-100 Gamma-Field 30.314.8 30.016I 30.2114.6 Chips Gamma-Lab 81.117.4 75.217.6i 75.8140.4 f N at beginning E
-4 Gamma-Lab 85.4111.7 88.418.81 90.71131.2 O at the end f 2
aLab result given is the mean 120 standard deviations of three determinations. 5 b Second International Intercomparison of Environmental Dosimeters conducted in April of 1976 by the llealth 0
}- 2 g and Safety Laboratory (GASL), New York, New York, and the School of Public Ilealth of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas.
cValue determined by sponsor of the intercomparison using continuously' operated pressurized ion chamber. lg d Mean 120 standard deviations of results obtained by all laboratories participating in the program. g BThird International Intercomparison of Environmental Dosimeters conducted in summer of 1977 by Oak Ridge r-National Laboratory and the School of Public Health of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas. m fValue 120 standard deviations as determined by sponsor of the intercomparison using continuously operated Q pressurized ion chamber. m 9 Fourth International Intercomparison of Environmental Dosimeters conducted in sunner of 1979 by the h School of Public Health of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas. m h Fif th International Intercomparison of Environmental Dosimeter conducted in fall of 1980 at Idaho Falls, a Idaho and sponsored by the Schoci of Public Health of the University of Texas, Houston, Texas and Environmental Measurements Laboratory, New York, New York, U.S. Department of Energy. i Value determined by sponsor of the intercomparison using continuously operated pressurized ion chamber.
%* =-
1982 LAND-USE AND MILK ANIMAL CENSUS by Gary Downing and Kelly Clayton TOLEDO EDISON COMPANY DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION DECEMBER 1982 r $ I i t
i PURPOSE The Toledo Edison Company performs an annual land-use and milk animal census to satisfy the requirements of Section 3.2 of Appendix B j Davis-Besse Technical Specifications and Section IV B.3 of Appendix I, I 10CFR50. The location of all dairy cows, meat animals and vegetable gardens within 5 miles of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station were determined. Locations of dairy goats within a 15-m11e radius were also , determined. i 1 BACKGROUND AND METHODS Appendix I to 10CFR50 states "The licensee shall establish an appropriate surveillance and monitoring program for evaluating doses to individuals from principal pathways of exposure." Appendix B to Davis-Besse Technical Specifications states "An annual census of animals producing milk for human consumption shall be conducted at the start of the grazing season to determine their location and number with respect to the site". Pathways are defined as any means by which radio-nuclides can get into the human food chain. Pathways recorded in the land-use and milk animal census are residences, vegetable gardens, milk animals and beef animals. The dose is determined by: (1) release rate - the actual amount released to the environment; (2) meteorology - the actual meteorological conditions during the time of release (includes 1 atmospheric stability class, wind velocity and wind direction). A preliminary land-use census was done in September, 1981. The 1982 land-use census field work was done June 15 - June 18, 1982, while the milk animal census was done May 25 and 27, 1982. Local agencies such as the Goat Dairyman Association, and the Ottawa County and Sandusky County Cooperative Extension Agencies provided lists of dairy animal owners in their areas. The Ottawa County agency confirmed the presence of all beef cattle, milk cows and milk goats reported within the 5-mile radius of the station. RESULTS The results of the 1982 land-use and milk animal census are presented in Table 1. REFERENCES ) Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1982 Code of Federal Regulations" 10CFR Part 50, Appendix I, Section IV B.3 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1979
" Davis-Besse Unit No. 1 Technical Specifications". Appendix B to License No. NPF-3 Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1979 " Radiological Effluent Technical Specifications for PWR's".
NUREG 0472 NUS Corporation, June 4, 1976
" Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Unit No. 1" Evaluation of Compliance with Appendix I to 10CFR50 )
i TABLE 1 1 i PATHWAY IDENTIFICATION ( Sector Distance (meters) Receptor N 870 residence NNE 870 residence NE 900 residence ENE * -- --- E * --- - ESE * --- SE * --- SSE 2030 residence . 2680 residence, vegetable garden 7320 residence, vegetable garden, dairy goat S 1130 residence 1610 residence, vegetable garden 4420 residence, vegetable garden, beef cattle SSW 1000 residence, vegetable garden 1610 residence, vegetable garden, beef cattle 5270 residence, vegetable garden, dairy goat SW 990 residence, vegetable garden 4970 residence, vegetable garden, beef cattle WSW 2650 residence, vegetable garden 4250 residence, vegetable garden, dairy cow W 980 residence, vegetable garden, beef cattle WNW 1730 residence 2830 residence, vegetable garden NW 1160 residence ! 2210 residence, vegetable garden l NNW 1250 residence, vegetable garden
- Sectors over Lake Erie and marsh areas i
f l l
~. _ . _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ _ _ .__ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _
i t i 1 Evaluation of Compliance With , Appendix I to 10CFR50: Updated Population Agricultural, Meat-Animal,
, and Milk Production Data Tables l for 1982 Prepared by Kelly L. Clayton l
4 e 1 E I
PURPOSE Within the guidelines of Appendix I to 10CFR50 are recommenda-tions to perform a survey of the 50-mile region surrounding any nuclear power reactor. This survey should determine the number of people, meat-animals, milk-animals, and crop production for this region. These factors were determined to be key receptors in an environmental assessment of the effects of a nuclear power station on the environment. Therefore Toledo Edison personnel have updated data tables containing the following information for'the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station: population, annual vegetation production, annual meat production, and annual milk production. The main purpose of updating this information is to incorporate the results of the 1980 United States Census statistics now available. e t 1 METHODS ) Several methods were used to determine the distribution of popu-lation; annual crop production, meat production, and milk production for a 50-mile region surrounding the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. First, the 50-mile region was divided into'160 subregions (segments) formed by sectors centered on the 16 cardinal compass directions and annuli of 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30, and 40-50 miles. The 50-mile region centered at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station covers the State of Ohio, the State of Michigan, and the Province of Ontario, Canada. Sixteen counties are included within this region with 9 located in Ohio, 4 in Michigan, and 2 in Ontario. County agricultural statistics for 1981 were used in distributing crop, meat, and milk production throughout the 50-mile subregions. Subregions located over water (Lake Erie), State or National . parks, refuges, or wildlife preserves were removed from this study. In similar fashion, segments within highly urbanized areas were . eliminated from agricultural distribution since crops, meat-animals, and milk-animals would be in extremely low concentrations. Crop production throughout the entire 50-mile region was deter-mined from county statistics. The crop statistics used for this dis-tribution were: corn, soybeans, wheat, oats, hay, sugarbeets, tomatoes, and cucumbers. The annual meat production and milk pro-duction was determined from county statistics on beef-cattle and sheep marketed annually and the number of pounds of milk sold annually. However, county statistics were used for meat and milk production only within subregions located 5-50 miles from the station. I Due to the 0-5 mile region from the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station being a more critical area, an accurate distribution was important. Meat, milk, and population distribution were determined from 1982 field work data and confirmed by the Ottawa County Coop-erative Agriculture Extension Agency. Meat-animal distribation was derived from the number of beef cattle located in each 0-5 mile sub-region. Similarly, milk production was determined by the number of milk-cows and milk goats in each subregion. Milk production was cal-culated from the average daily production rates for these animals. Population located in subregions of 0-5 miles was determined by the number of houses within each subregion. The number of houses per subregion was multiplied by the average number of individuals occupying such households (2.0). The number of individuals per household in these subregions had been previously determined by the Emergency Planning Group for their evacuation procedures. Again 1980 census statistics were used. Finally, population distribution in 5-50 mile subregions was per-formed by a computer program designed by the Control Data Corporation. This program used 1980 U.S. census statistics plus 1976 Canadian pop-ulation figures.
)
l l l I The final data on population and agricultural distribution were put into tabular form where the vertical columns represent the cardinal compass directions and the horizontal columns represent the number of miles each subregion is located from Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. The final results were converted into the following units: Annual vegetable production in kilograms, annual meat produc-tion in kilograms, and annual milk production in liters. REFERENCES Agricultural Ministry of Ontario, 1980.
" Agricultural Statistics and Livestock Marketing Account, 1980."
Agricultural Ministry of Ontario, 1980.
" Agricultural Statistics for Ontario - 1980." Publication 21, 1980.
Michigan Department of Agriculture, July, 1981. ,
" Michigan Agricultural Statistics, 1981.
NUS Corporation, 1976.
" Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit No. 1. Evaluation of Compliance with Appendix I to 10CFR50, June 4, 1976.
Ohio Crop Reporting Service, 1981.
" Ohio Agricultural Statistics, 1981."
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1977.
" Calculation of Annual Doses to Man from Routine Releases of Reactor Effluents for the Purpose of Evaluating Compliance with 10CFR Part 50, Appendix I, October 1977." Revision 1 to Reg-ulatory Guide 1,109.
1 l
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BIOLOGICAL MONITORING s 1982 STUDIES OF THE ASIATIC CLAM (CORBICULA) ENVIR(MENTAL lWACT APPRAISAL OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION, UNIT 1 ON THE AQUATIC ECOLOGY OF LAKE ERIE 1973-1979
I f ( i i 4 i
- 1982 STUDIES
- j. .
OF i i THE ASIATIC CLAM (CORBICULA)
- by i Jennifer Scott-Wasilk Jeffrey S. Lietzow i
Gary Downing i .I Kelly L. Clayton i r
- i January 1983 ,
4 i I l i 1 4 i l i e L.._;..,-,- . . . . , . - _ _ - - . . . . . . - - _ - . , _ , - - - . , _ , . . . . . . . - - - , - . - - , - - , - ~ . . ~ - - - - - . - - - - . - - - - - - .
SUMMARY
The purposes of this investigation were to determine growth rates and patterns for the Asiatic clam (Corbicula) in Lake Erie and to determine if Corbicula had spread to any waters immediately adjacent to the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. For the growth study, clam specimens were collected once per month from the discharge of the Bay Shore Generating Station. A Needham scraper with 9mm mesh was used to collect the specimens, and a vernier caliper was used to measure the clams to the nearest tenth millimeter. Sample size ranged from 67 to 248 individuals. The 1982 results indicate that there is only one peak spawning. season for this population, and it has a growth rate of about 0.1mm per day from June through September and a growth rate of less than 0.05mm per day in the colder months beginning in October. . To determine if the clam had migrated to the vicinity of Davis-Besse, the adjacent Lake Erie shoreline and the intake channel were sampled. No Corbicula specimens were found at either location.
t INTRODUCTION The Asiatic clam (Corbicula) was first noted in North America when speci-mens were taken from the Columbia River in 1938. The clam gradually migrated eastward (Ingram et al. ,1964; Britton and Murphy,1977), and by 1957, specimens were being collected from the Ohio River Basin (Sinclair and Isom, 1963). By 1971, the clam was found in the Atlantic drainage in Georgia and began to move northward (Fuller and Powell, 1973; Sickel, 1973, Trama, 1982). As the Asiatic clam spread, it occasionally caused blockage of industrial and municipri raw water systems (Ingram, 1959; McMahon, 1977; Goss et al., 1979; Harvey, 1981). Concern that nuclear power plants might be adversely affected caused the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC, 1981) to note that under certain conditions the Asiatic clam might pose a significant threat to power plants due to colonization and subsequent blockage of raw water systems. The USNRC requested that all nuclear power plants determine if the Asiatic clam was ^ found in the source water and if there was a potential problem with flow blockage at the plants due to the clams. Since there were two recent ' reports of this clam being found in the western basin of Lake Erie (Detroit Edison, 1981; Clarke, 1981) we decided to conduct a survey to better quantify the distribution of the clam in the areas around the three Toledo Edison power plants. In 1981, our initial surveys revealed that Corbicula were found in the thermal plumes of the Acme and Bay Shore Generating Stations. Population densities ranged between 33 and 78 individuals per square meter. No Corbicula were found in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station (Scott-Wasilk et al., 1982). The monitoring program continued into 1982, and this report describes the results of that monitoring. In 1982, we continued to closely monitor the area around Davis-Besse for Corbicula. We also began a study of growth rate and patterns of the Corbicula population in the Bay Shore discharge. Bay Shore was chosen for the growth study because it has a large, apparently stable population and the discharge is readily accessible to sampling equipment and people. Sampling was also conducted at the Acme Generating Station and the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company's Eastlake Power Plant. MONITORING LOCATIONS Surveys were conducted in the vicinity of four power plants. Three plants are operating by the Toledo Edison Company - Acme Generating Station, Bay Shore Generating Station and Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. Une plant is operated by the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company - Eastlake Power Plant. The Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station is a nuclear-fueled generating facility with a net electrical capacity of 890 megawatts. It is located near Locust Point at the mouth of the Toussaint River. The condenser cooling water system is closed cycle with a natural-draft cooling tower used to dissipate heat into the atmosphere. A submerged cooling water intake crib is located about 900 meters from the shoreline. Water from the cooling tower blowdown and other plant systems is discharged through a submerged pipe 370 meters offshore in Lake Erie. The discharge is about
J 1200 meters from the intake and has a typical flow rate of 0.6 cubic ' meters per second (20 cfs). Under conditions of maximum heat discharge, the plume of water warmer then 1.6*C (3*F) above ambient covers about 3600 l m2 (0.9 acres). Approximately 30,000 m2 (73 acres) are contained within the 0.6*C (1*F) isotherm (USNRC, 1975). The circulating water is normally chlorinated four times per day for one half hour each time. At the Bay Shore Generating Station - a 623 megawatt coal-fired facility, , the once-through condenser cooling water is discharged at a maximum flow rate of 33 cubic meters per second (1150 cfs) with a typical area of about
, 450,000 m2 (112 acres) within the 2.8'C (5 F) isotherm of the thermal plume (Wapora, 1977b). Chlorination at Bay Shore is. conducted twice per ! day for two hours each time. Bay Shore has had a continuous discharge of heated water during all seasons for the past decade. Bay Shore is located on the Maumee Bay at the mouth of the Maumee-River.
The Acme Generating Station is coal-fired and has a once-through condenser ~ cooling system. Acme is located on the Maumee River across from downtown l Toledo. Since operation of Davis-Besse began, Acme has been increasingly I used as a peaking station with a maximum load capacity of more than 300 megawatts. Because its load is variable, the circulating water flow rate also varies. In past years, the flow rate has been about 9 cubic meters. per second (380 cfs), and a typical thermal plume contained 125,000 m2 (31 acres) within the 2.8*C (5*F) isotherm (Wapora, 1977a). Chlorination at Acme is done twice per day for 20 minutes each time. Chlorination is not i performed on weekends or when the station is off-line.
)
The Eastlake Power Plant is a 1300 megawatt coal-fired electric generating station with a once-through condenser cooling system. It is located on the southern shore of the central basin of Lake Erie. i LAKE ERIE ENVIRONMENT i Water temperatures in the western basin of Lake Erie remain below 4.5*C l (40*F) from December through March with temperatures remaining at 0*C 1 (32*F) for the entire months of January and February. Temperatures above 16-17*C, the temperature at which Corbicula spawning has been noted to begin (Gardner et al., 1976; Eng, 1979), occur from mid-May through l September. The thermal plumes of the power plants cause a localized alteration in , this temperature scheme. In general, the water temperature in the Bay J
- Shore thermal plume remains above 4.5*C all year long. Water temperatures
! in the plume above 16*C occur from April through mid-October. The benthic substrate in the Maumee Bay and River tends to be muck and silt which reflects the great quantities of agricultural runoff from the Maumee River l Basin (Fraleigh et al., 1979). The substrate near Locust Point is sandier
- although there is some silt mixed in with the sand. In the central basin, l the substrate is sandy with very little silt. Water clarity is higher ,
than in the western basin. The western basin is eutrophic. The central l basin is somewhat oligotrophic. I 1 1 l
1 l 1 l l
! METHODS AND MATERIALS Qualitative sampling and sampling for growth study specimens was done with a Needham scraper (after Needham and Needham, 1962) custom made by Wildlife Supply Company. Mesh size of the scraper was 9mm.
Quantitative sampling was done with a 15.4cm x 15.4cm x 22.9cm Wildco Tall Ekman Bottom Dredge. The Ekman grab removes a known area (232cm2 ) of sediment, and the number of clams per square meter could then be determined. Specimens for the growth study were taken at about one month intervals beginning in June, 1982. Shell size was measured with a vernier caliper to the nearest tenth millimeter across the widest part of the shell parallel to the hinge. Growth rates were determined from the modal width from each monthly sample. The julian sampling date was then plotted against the modal shell width to obtain growth rates. RESULTS No Corbicula were found in the vicinity of Davis-Besse or Eastlake, and none were found in the intakes of either Acme or Bay Shore. A few speci-mens were collected from the Acme discharge which indicates that there is still an established population there. The majority of the specimens were collected from the Bay Shore discharge (see Table 1). The sample distribution for the specimens collected at Bay Shore for the growth studies can be seen in Figure 1. The modal shell widths for these samples can be seen in tabular (Table 1) and graphical (Figures 1 and 2) form. Growth rates were calculated for two separate time periods. The first period was comprised of data from the warmer months - June, July, August and September. The growth rate was 0.106mm per day (r2 > 0.9). For the second period when the water temperature was colder - October, November, and December the growth rate was 0.034mm per day (r2 > 0.9). DISCUSSION From this study, we found that the growth rate of Corbicula slowed con-siderably when the water temperature fell below 13'C. This finding confirms that of Eng (1979), who found that growth rate slowed below about ! 14 C. The Corbicula colony in the discharge of the Bay Shore Generating Station had only one peak spawning season in the spring. No fall peak was observed. ( In fact, beginning in August, no specimens of shell width less than or equal to 6mm were collected. These preliminary results indicate that spawning probably ends in July in this region. This interpretation means that spawning has ceased when temperatures are about 25'C. This contradicts the statement of Gardner and coworkers (1976) in which they indicate that the Corbicula spawning season begins when the water temperature reaches approximately 16-17*C and continues until the temperature falls below that l
level. This finding may demonstrate a selective adaptation on the.part of ) Corbicula for coping with the rigors of the cold temperatures of this region. McMahon (1982) believes that with its introduction into the Great Lakes (Clarke, 1981), Corbicula have probably reached the extent of their northern distribution in North America. From a survival standpoint, this mid-summer cut-off in spawning may reflect the inability of the clan larvae produced after that time to reach a size sufficient to allow for over-winter survival. Consistent with our 1981 findings, there is no indication that Corbicula have spread beyond the ccnfines of the plumes of the Acme oc Bay Shore Generating stations. With the temperatures outside the thermal plumes of these two power plants remaining at O'C for the entire months of January and February, no Corbicula would be expected t'o survive over-winter in other Lake Erie locations. Past investig.itions (Mattice, 1976) have found that the ultimate lower lethal temperature is about 2*C. ~ We found no indication that Corbicula are established in the vicinity of
- the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank Dr. Henry van der Schalie for his guidance in this study. I a q l REFERENCES Britton, J. C. and C. E. Murphy. 1977. "New Records and Ecological notes for Corbicula man.ilensis in Texas." The Nautilis. 91:20-23. Clarke, A. H. 1981. "Corbicula fluminea in Lake Erie". The Nautilis. 95:83-84. Detroit Edison 1981. " Detroit Edison Response to IE Bulletin 81-03, Flow Blockage of Cooling Water to Safety Systems Components by Corbicula, Enrico Fermi Atomic Power Plant Unit 2, April 10, 1981." Docket No. 50-341. Eng, L. L. 1979. " Population Dynamics of the Asiatic Clam, Corbicula fluminea (Muller), in the Concrete-lined Delta-Mendota Canal of Central California." In Proceedings, First ' International Corbicula Symposium, J. C. Britton editor, pp. 39-68. Fraleigh, P. C., J. C. Burnham, G. H. Gronau, and T. L. Kovacik. 1979.
"Maumee Bay Environmental Quality Study 1977 Final Report."
Fuller, S. L. H. and C. E. Powell, Jr.1973. " Range extensions of Corbicula manilensis (Philippi) in the Atlantic Drainage of the United States." The Nautilis. 87:59. t' Gardner, J. A. ,Jr. , W. R. Woodall, Jr. , A. A. Staats, Jr. , and J. F. Napoli. 1976. "The invasion of the Asiatic Clam (Corbicula manilensis Philippi) in the Altamaha River, Georgia." The Nautilis. 90:117-125. Goss, L. B., J. M. Jackson, H. B. Flora, B. G. Isom, C. Gooch, S. A. Murray C. G. Burton and W. S. Bain. 1979. " Control studies on Corbicula for steam-electric generating plants." In Proceedings, First International Corbicula Symposium, J. C. Britton editor pp. 140-151. Harvey, R. S. 1981. " Recolonization of reactor cooling water system by the Asiatic clam Corbicula fluminea." The Nautilis. 95:131-136. Ingram, W. M., L. Keup and C. Henderson. 1964. " Asiatic Clams at Parker, Arizona." The Nautilis. 77:121-125. Ingram, W. M. 1959. " Asiatic Clams as Potential Pests in California Water Supplies." Jour. American Water Works Association. 51:363-370. Mattice, J. S. 1979. " Interactions of Corbicula sp. with Power Plants." In Proceedings, First International Corbicula Symposium, J. C. Britton, editor, pp. 120-139. 1
f McMahon, R. F. 1982. "The Occurrence and Spread of the Introduced Asiatic # Freshwater Clam Corbicula flaminea (Muller), in North America: 1924-1982." 96:134-141. McMahon, R. F. 1977. "Shell size - Frequency Distributions of Corbicula manilensis Philippi from a Clam Fouled Steam Condenser." The Nautilis 91:54-59. Needham, J. G. and P. R. Needham. 1962. A Guide to the Study of Fresh Water Biology. Holden-Day, San Francisco. Scott-Wasilk, J. L., G. G. Downing, and J. S. Lietzow. 1982. " Evaluation of the Asiatic Clam, Corbicula fluminea, in the Western Basin of Lake Erie." Davis-Besse Unit No. 1 Annual Environ-mental Operating Report, January 1,1981 - December 31, 1981. Sickel, J. B. 1973. "A New Record of Corbicula manilensis (Philippi) in the Southern Atlantic Slope Region of Georgia." The Nautilis. 87:11-12. Sinclair, R. M. and B. G. Isom. 1963. "Further Studies on the Introduced Asiatic Clam (Corbicula) in Tennessee." Tennessee Stream Pollution Control Board, Tennessee Department of Public Health. Trama, F. B. 1982. " Occurrence of the Asiatic Clam Corbicula fluminea . in the Raritan River, New Jersey." The Nautilis. 96:6-8. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1975. " Final Environmental Statement related to operation, Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 proposed by Toledo Edison Company." '1 NUREG-75/097. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 1981. " Flow Blockage of Cooling Water to Safety System Components by Corbicula sp. (asiatic Clam) and Mytilus sp. (Mussel)." Inspection and Enforcement Bulletin 81-03. Wapora, Inc. 1977a. 316(a) Demonstration, Acme Power Station, Toledo Edison Company. Wapora, Inc. 1977b. "316(a) Demonstration, Bay Shore Generating Station, Toledo Edison Company."
TABLE SAMPLING RESULTS 1982 i l Power No. of No. of Date Plant Location Samples Equipment clams Temp. Substrate Dec. 28, 82 Bay Shore Discharge ~15 Needham 73 10*C muck / ash Nov. 30, 82 Bay Shore Discharge 10-15 Needham 114 9'C muck / ash Nov. 3, 82 Bay Shore Discharge 15 Needham 209 13*C muck / ash Oct. 1, 82 Bay Shore Discharge 18 Needham 130 18'C -- Sept. 9, 82 Eastlake Discharge 8-10 Needham 0 25*-27'C sand i Sept. 9, 82 Eastlake Discharge 6 Ekman 0 25*-27'c sand i Sept. 9, 82 Eastlake Y-between 20-30 Needham 0 23'-24*C sand intake & disebarge 4 Sept. 1, 82 Bay Shore Discharge 17 Needham 248 23*-25'C sand / silt Sept. 1, 82 Acme Discharge 7 Needham ~15 30*C rocky Aug. 16, 82 Davis-Besse Intake 11 Ekman 0 25'C muck / silt / clay Aug. 16, 82 Davis-Besse Lake Erie shore 7 Needham 0 25'C sandy Aug. 2, 82 Bay Shore Discharge 6 Ekman 6 25'c muddy sand / silt
- Aug. 2, 82 Bay Shore Intake Channel 6 Ekman 0 23'C very clayey muck Aug. 2, 82 Acme Discharge 4 Ekman 0 26*C rocky i
Aug. 2, 82 Bay Shore Discharge -- Needham 118 25'c mud / silt / clay July 7, 82 Bay Shore Discharge 9 Ekman 16 24*C sandy / clay July 7, 82 Bay Shore Discharge 30-50 Needham 144 24*C clay / sandy / ash
TABLE 1. SAMPLING RESULTS 1982 a Power No. ol No. of Date Plant I,0 cation Samples Equipment class Temp. Substrate June 11, 82 Bay Shore Discharge 20 Ekman 6 19*-20*C rocky June 5, 82 Acme Discharge 20 Ekman 6 19*-20*C rocky June 5, 82 Acme Intake 8 Ekman 0 17*C loose sand / clay / muck June 5, 82 Bay Shore Intake g Ekman 0 180C sand and clay o i e e a
TABLE 2. MODAL SHELL WIDTHS (1982) Water Julian Mode !' Date Date (mm) Temperature
'C June 11, 82 162 5 19 July 7, 82 188 9 24 i , Aug. 2, 82 214 11 25 1
Sept. 1, 82 244 14 23-25 Oct. 1, 82 274 14 18 Nov. 3, 82 307 15 13 Nov. 30, 82 334 16 9 Dec. 28, 82 362 17 10 l 1 i 5 e 1 I f I a , DBP 4306B i I I - - . , - _.- . - . . . , . . - . . . . . , , - . , - . . - , . - . _ _ , . _
Figure 1 i l [ 70 11 JUNE 82 N = 67 T:19 C 60 50 1 40 CC to 30 5 o z t 20 10
= H=!=Ls. mal...
5 10 15 20 25
.L.30 35 LENGTH [mm)
. _ . . . . . _ .- . - _ _ . .- . _ _ _ .=. . . . _ _
Figure 1 (continued) I l l 7 7 JULY 82 N :144 T : 24 C 60 50 1 40 cc 30 a !Z 20 t ( 10 , 1 i a g,_ ,, E , , . 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 LENGTH [mm]
Figure 1 (continued) i 7 2 AUGUST 82 N :118 T: 25 C l 60 l 50 40 a: , $3 l 5 m z 20 10 me n ,, WWE -5 ,EE. ,, LENGTH [mm)
l Figure 1 (continued) l l l l i i vo 1 SEPTEMBER 82 \ g:248 . o 7: 23-25 C ; 60 ;
\
\
50
\ ,
40 cc 1 ul 30 \ co \ 6 p Z 20
\
\ 10 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 LENGTH [mm)
Figure 1 (continue,) I l l 7 1 OCTOBER 82 N:130 T:18 C 60! 50 40 cc IM g 30 , o i 2 l 20 10 5
. Ill 10 15 20 25 30 35 l LENGTH [mm]
l Figure 1 (continued) i l i l l l 70 3 NOVEMBER 82 i N=209 i T:13 C - i 60 i l 50: i 40 T w w 30 a z 20 10 Em E" M- = - 5 10 20 25 30 35 L ENGTH [mm) Figure 1 (continued) i 1 l l l 7 ; 30 NOVEMBER 82 N =114 - T=9 C 60 50 40 C gao 5 m z 20 10 5 un 10 15 20 25 30 35 LENGTH [mm)
Figure 1 (continued) 7 28 DECEMBER 82 N=73
~
T =10 C 60 50 40 CC 30 : tu co G a Z 20 i 10 5 10 hhli.........- 15 LENGTH [mm! 20 25 30 35
~ ~
1
i o _ 3 _ O b 3 2 2 e 8 r u g 9 i 0 1 F $ 2 E T A D N A I L 0 0 U 0 2 J l p* 6 o ' 0 1 5 0 5 1 1 OEIdCE4@ D L
CLEAR TECHNICAL REPORT NO.172 w ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT APPRAISAL
. OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER
! STATION, UNIT 1 ON THE AQUATIC ECOLOGY OF LAKE ERIE 1973 - 1979 Prepared by i e Jeffrey M. Reutter and Charles E. Herdendorf l
Prepared for Toledo Edison Cempany Toledo, Chlo THE CHIO STATE UNIVERSIW CENTER FOR LAK E ERIE AR EA R ES EARCH COLUMSUS, CHIO ( l June 1980
( PREFACE The Ohio State University's Center for Lake Erie Area Research has conducted an aquatic ecology monitoring program in Lake Erie in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station for the Toledo Edison Company since April 1973. This effort has been supervised by Drs. Charles E. Herdendorf and Jeffrey M. Reutter. Dr. Herdendorf took responsibility for water quality analyses, and Dr. Reutter was responsible for biological analyses. The following report provides an appraisal of the impacts of the operation of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, on the aquatic environment of Lake Erie in the vicinity of the Station. The primary responsibility for the preparation of the various components of the report are designated below: Charles E. Herdendorf
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Station Description '
- 3. Aquatic Environment
- 4. Impact Appraisal
-- Water Quality Jeffrey M. Reutter
- 1. Executive Summary
- 2. Station Description
- 3. Impact Appraisal
-- Plankton Studies
-- Benthic Studies
-- Fisheries Population Studies
-- Ichthyoplankton l -- Fish Egg and Larvae Entrainment
-- Fish Impingement l
l 1
I TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF TABLES ........................ v LIST OF FIGURES ........................ ix I EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
. ..................... 1 INTacDuCTION .......................... 4 STATION DESCRIPTION ...................... 4 Station Location ................... 4 General Station Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Cooling Water Intake Design ............. 5 Intake Crib ................... 5 Intake Canal .................. 6 Intake Structure ................ 6 Water Use ...................... 7 Discharge System ................... 7 Chemical Discharge ............... 7- 1 Thermal Discharge ................ 7 l
AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 ) l Habitat Description ................. 8 Locust Point and Western Lake Erie ....... 8 ! Intake Canal .................. 9 l Hydrology ... ................... 10
- Circulation Patterns .............. 10 Littoral Drift ................. 11 Thermal Conditions ............... 11 Water Quality .................. 11 IMPACT APPRAISAL ........................ 12
! Water Quality ....................... 12 Procedures and Results ................ 12 l Disso'ved Oxygen ................. 12 l l Hydrogen-ions (pH) ................ 12 Transparency. ................... 12 l Turbidity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 l Suspended Solids ................. 13 Conductivity ................... 13 Dissolved Solids ................. 13 Calcium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ? Chloride ..................... 13 11
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CON'T) PAGE Sulfate .................... 13 Sodium .................... 13 Magnesium ................... 13 Total Alkalinity ............... 14 Nitrate .................... 14 Phosphorus .................. 14 Silica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Biochemical Oxygen Demand ........... 14 Temperature .................. 14 Appraisal ..................... 14 Plankton Studies .................... 15 Procedu re s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Phytoplankton Results ............... 16 Diatoms .................... 15 Green Algae .................. 16 Blue-Green Algae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Total Phytoplankton .............. 17 Zooplankton Results ................ 17 Total Zooplankton ............... 17 Ratifers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Copepods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Cladocerans ...........,....... 18 Appraisal ..................... 18 . Phytoplankton ................. 19 Zooplankton .................. 19 Benthic Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Results ...................... 20 Total Benthic Macroinvertebrates . . . . . . . . 20 Coelenterata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Annelida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Art hro p od a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Mollusca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Appraisal ..................... 21 Fisheries Population Studies .............. 22 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Results ...................... 23 Alewife .................... 24 Channel Catfish ................ 24 ! Freshwater Drum ................ 24 l Gizz ard Shad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Spottail Shiner ................ 24
- Walleye .................... 24 White Bass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Yellow Perch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 l
Appraisal ..................... 25 l l l l iii l L
TABLE OF CONTENTS (CON'T) PAGE Ichthyoplankton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Results ...................... 26 Appraisal ..................... 27 Fish Egg and Larvae Entrainment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Results ...................... 28 Appraisal ..................... 29 Fish Impingement .................... 31 Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Results ...................... 32 Appraisal ..................... 32 LITERATURE CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 FIGURES ........................... 108
)
iv
LIST OF TABLES PAGE
- 1. Milestones for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 38
- 2. Calculated Intake Crib Velocities for Unit 1 for Various Pumping Rates ........................ 39
- 3. Monthly Pumping Rates and Calculated Velocites at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Water Intake Crib for 1978 ... 40
- 4. Fish Species Found in the Locust Point Area 1963 - 1979 ... 41
- 5. Procedures for Water Quality Determination . . . . . . . . . . 43
- 6. Dissolved Oxygen Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
- 7. Hydrogen-Ions (pH) Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
- 8. Transparency Data for Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
- 9. Turbidity Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures ............... 47
- 10. Suspended Solids Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
- 11. Conductivity Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures ............... 49
- 12. Dissolved Solids Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
- 13. Calcium Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
- 14. Chloride Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
- 15. Sulfate Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
- 16. Sodium Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
- 17. Magnesium Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures ............... 55 v
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd) I
. PAG 1
- 18. Total Alkalinity Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
- 19. Nitrate Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures ................... 57
- 20. Phosphorus Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
- 21. Silica Data for Bottem Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures ..................... 59
- 22. Biochemical Oxygen Demand Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures ....... 60
- 23. Temperature Data for Bottom Water in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
- 24. Operational Water Quality Parameters Falling Outside of the Range of Pre-Operational Values at Station 13. . . . . . . . . 62
- 25. Mean Water Quality Values For Pre-Operational and Operational Periods in the Vicinity of Lake Intake and Discharge Structures .......................... 63 * )
- 26. Plankton and Water Quality Sampling Dates . . . . . . . . . . . 64
- 27. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Sampling Structure, 1973-1979 65
- 28. Pre-Operational and Operational Phytoplankton Data From Lake.
Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station 66
- 29. Pre-Operational and Operational Phytoplankton Data From the Vicinity of the Intake and Discharge Structures and a Control Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
- 30. Pre-Operational and Operational Zooplankton Data from the Locust Po i nt Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
- 31. Pre-Operational and Operational Zooplankton Data in the Vicinity of the Intake and Discharge Structures and a Control Station ........................... 71
- 32. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Dates ........... 72
- 33. Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Structure, 1973-1979 . . . 73
- 34. Pre-Operational and Operational Senthic Macroinvertebrate Densities From Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 vi
LIST OF TABLES (cont'd) PAGE
- 35. Pre-Operational and Operational Benthic Macroinvertebrate Data From the Vicinity of the Intake and Discharge Structures and a Control Station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
- 36. Gill Net Sampling Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
- 37. Pre-Operational and Operational Gill Net Catches of Selected Species From Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Sta.13) . . . . . . . . . . . 78
- 38. Pre-Operational and Operational Gill Net Data From the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Intake, Discharge, and Two Control Stations ............. 81
- 39. Ichthyoplankton Sampling Dates ................ 83
- 40. Ichthyoplankton Densities in the Vicinity of the Intake of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station - 1978 ........... 84
- 41. Ichthyoplankton Densities in the Vicinity of the Intake of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station - 1979 ........... 85
- 42. Ichthyoplankton Entrainment at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Stat, ion -1978 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
- 43. Ichthyoplankton Entrainment at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station - 1979 ................ ....... 87
- 44. Traveling Screen Operation at the Davis-Besse Nuclear' Power Station from 1 January to 31 December 1978 .......... 88
- 45. Traveling Screen Operation at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station from 1 January to December 1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
- 46. Fish Species Impinged at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station: 1 January through 31 December 1978 ......... 100
- 47. Fish Species Impinged at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station: 1 January through 31 December 1979 ......... 101
- 48. A Sumary of Monthly Fish Impingement at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Stations: 1 January through 31 December 1978 . . 102
- 49. A Summary of Monthly Fish Impingement at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Stations: 1 January through 31 December 1979 . . 103
- 50. Estimated 1978 Sport and Commercial Fish Harvest from the Ohio Waters of L ak e E ri e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 vii
l-1 i i' LIST OF TABLES (cont'd)
~ '
PAGE i
- 51. Comercial Fish Landings from the Ohio Waters of Laka Erie 1974-1979 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
- 52. Comercial Fish Landings from Lake Erie: 1975 - 1979 .... 106 4
{ s 8 9 i i viii i
( LIST OF FIGURES PAGE
- 1. Reactor Power Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1978)...................................... 109 i
- 2. Reactor Power Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1979)...................................... 110
- 3. Gross Electric Power Generation Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1978)........................ 111
- 4. Gross Electric Power Generation Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 (1979)......................... 112
- 5. Water Temperature Record for Intake and Discharge for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1978)............ 113
- 6. Water Temperature Record for Intake and Discharge for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1979)............ 114
- 7. Water Intake Conduit Flow Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1978)................................ 115
- 8. Water Intake Conduit Flow Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. Unit 1 (1979)................................ 116
- 9. Discharge Conduit Flow Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1978)................................ 117
- 10. Discharge Conduit Flow Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1979)................................
118
- 11. Station Location Map........................................ 119
- 12. Water Intake and Discharge Structures....................... 120
- 13. Details of Water Intake Crib................................ 121
- 14. Water Intake Pumps and Screens Arrangement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
- 15. Reefs Near Locust Point..................................... 123
- 16. Sediment Distribution Map of Western Lake Erie in the Vicinity of Locust Point.................................... 124
- 17. Biological Sampling Stations at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station..................................................... 125
- 18. Trends in Nean Monthly Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and
. Hydrogen Ion Measurements for Lake Erie at Locust Point for i
the Period 1972-1979........................ ............... 126 l ix l
LIST OF FIGURES (cont'd) PAGE
- 19. Trerdf, in Mean Monthly Conductivity, Alkalinity and Turbidity Measurements for Lake Erie at Locust Point for the Period 19 7 2 - 19 7 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
- 20. Trends in Mean Monthly Transparency and Phosphorus Measurements for Lake Erie at Locust Point for the Period 19 7 2 - 1 9 7 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
- 21. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Dissolved Oxygen in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta.
No. 13).................................................... 129
- 22. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data of Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13)..................................... 130
- 23. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Transparency (Secchi Disk) of Water at Statico Discharge (Sta. 13)................................................... 131
- 24. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Turbidity of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13) 132
- 25. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for ,
Suspended Solids in Bottcm Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13).................................................... 133
- 26. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operaticnal Data for Conductivity of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No.
13)......................................................... 134
- 27. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Dissolved Solids in Bottem Water at Station Discharge (Sta.
No. 13).................................................... 135
- 28. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Calcium in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13).. 136
- 29. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Chloride in Bottom Water at. Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13)- 137
- 30. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data of Sulf ate in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13).......... 138
- 31. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Sodium in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13).......... 139
- 32. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Magnesium in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13) 140 X
l I LIST OF FIGURES (cont'd) 1 ( PAGE
- 33. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Total Alkalinity of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No.
13)......................................................... 141 3 1
- 34. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Nitrate in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13).. 142
, 35. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for i
Phosphorus in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13)......................................................... 143
- 36. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Silica in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13).......... 144
- 37. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data of Biochemical Oxygen Demand of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13)..................................... 145
- 38. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Temperature of Bottom Water at Station Dischar (Sta. No.
13).............................................gs ............ 146 i
- 39. Mean Monthly Power Generation for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1977-1978)........................... 147 i
- 40. Monthly Mean Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Myxophyceae Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point -1974. 148
- 41. Monthly Mean Bacillariophyces.e, Chlorophyceae, and Myxophyceae Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point -1975.
149
- 42. Monthly Mean Bac111ariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and l Myxophyceae Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point, 1976. 160
- 43. Monthly Mean Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Myxophyceae Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point, 1977. 151 l 44. Monthly Mean Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Myxophyceae Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point, 1978. 152
- 45. Monthly Mean Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Myxophyceae Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point, 1979 153
- 46. Monthly Mean Phytoplankton Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point, 1974-1979....>................................ 154
- 47. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Diatom Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station....................................... 155 i -
- 48. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Green Algae Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station................................. 156 xi
LIST OF FIGURES (cont'd) PAGE
- 49. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Blue-green Algae Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station .......................... 157
- 50. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Phytoplankton Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station .......................... 158
- 51. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Phytoplankton Densities at the Station Intake (Sta. No. 8).. 159
- 52. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Op vational Data for Phytoplankton Densities at the Station Discharge (Sta. No.
13)......................................................... 160
- 53. Comparison of Pre-Operational and ' Operational Data for Phytoplankton Densities at a Control Station (Sta. No. 3)... 161 54 Monthly Mean Zooplankton Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point, 1972 -1979........................................... 162
- 55. Monthly Mean Rotifer Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point, 1972 -1979........................................... 163
- 56. Monthly Mean Copepod Populations for Lake Erie at Locust )
Point, 1972 -1979........................................... 164
- 57. Monthly Mean Cladoceran Populaticns for Cake Erie at Locust Point, 1972 -1979........................................... 165
- 58. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station........................... 166
- 59. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Rotifer Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station....................... 167
- 60. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Copepod Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station....................... 168
- 61. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Cladoceran Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.................... 169
- 62. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Densities at the Station Intake (Sta. No. 8).... 170
- 63. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Densities at the Station Discharga (Sta. No. 131 171 xii
LIST OF FIGURES (cont'd) { PAG.C ,
- 64. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Densities at a Control Station (Sta. No. 3)..... 172
- 65. Monthly Mean Benthic Macroinvertebrate Populations for Lake Erie at Locust Point, 1972 - 1979 .......................... 173 ,
- 66. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data fod Benthic Macroinvertebrate Densities in Lake Erie, in tne Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station .......... 174
- 67. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data .for Benthic Coelenterate Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.................... 175
- 68. Comparison of Pre-Ocerational ar.d -Operational Dsta -for Benthic Annelid Densities -in Lake Erie,in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station .......................... 176
- 69. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Benthic Arthropod Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station ...................... 177
- 70. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Benthic Mollusc Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station .......................... 178
- 71. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data -for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Densities at the Station Intake (Sta. No. 8)............................................... 2.79
- 72. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Data for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Densities at the Station Discharge '
(Sta. No. 13) .............................................. 180
- 73. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Oper3tional Data for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Densities at a Control Station (Sta. No. 3)............................................... '181
- 74. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Alewife Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power S'tation Discharge (Station 13) ....................... 182
- 75. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Channel Catfish Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse l
1 Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13)................ 183
- 76. Comparison of Pre-Operatior.al and Operational Freshwater Drum Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse 1
4 Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13)................ 134 i 77. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Gizzard Shad ! Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse L Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Statien 13)................ 185 l xiii
LIST OF FIGURES (cont'd) ; PAGE
- 78. Comparison of Pre-Operational.and Operational Spottail Shiner Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13)................ 186
- 79. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Walleye Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13)........................ 187
,. 80. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational White Bass
- 2. Catche's in. Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse
;. Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13)................ 188
~
- 81. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Yellow Perch Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13)................ 189
- 82. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Gill Net Results at the Station Intake (Sta. No. 8).................. 190
- 83. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Gill Net Results at the Station Discharge (Sta. No. 13).............. 191
- 84. Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Gill Net i Results at an In-Shore Control Station (Sta. No. 3)......... 192 85.- Comparison of Pre-Operational and Operational Gill Net Results at an Off-Shore Control Station (Sta. No. 26) ....... 193
=
- c xiv
)
o
t EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
The Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station is located in Ottawa County, Ohio, at Locust Point on the southwest shore of Lake Erie, about 21 miles east of Toledo.. Unit I has a net electrical capacity of 906 MWe and a. closed cycle coolin means of a naturalg system draft coolingwhich tower,dissipates heatand 493 feet high to the 415atmosphere feet in by diameter at its base. Make-up water for cooling purposes is drawn from Lake Erie from a submerged intake crib 3000 feet offshore through a buried eight-foot diameter conduit to a closed, but uncovered, intake canal. The canal is approximately 2950 feet long and terminates at the trash racks of 4 the intake structure. Water is drawn through the intake crib and conduit by gravity. Design capacity for Unit 1 is 42,000 gpm with a resultant approach velocity through the crib ports of 0.25 ft/sec. Cooling tower blowdown is discharged at a point approximately 1200 feet offshore through a six-foot diameter buried conduit which terminates in a higg velocity nozzle to promote rapfd mixing. The maximum allowable AT is 20 F. Studies of the aquatic environment in Lake Erie in the vicinity of the intake and discharge of this station were initiated in 1973. From 1973
~
( to 1979, with few excepticas, the following parameters were sampled, during ice-free times, at approximately monthly intervals: water quality, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic macroinvertebrates (60-day intervals in 1977, 1978, and 1979), fish, and ichthyoplankton (approximately 10-day intervals during the spring spawning season). Ichthyoplankton entrainment studies and fish impingement studies were initiated after the plant began operating in August 1977. As is to be expected when a new unit first goes "on line", Unit 1 was operated sporadically from August 1977 through December 1979. It is the purpose of this report to appraise the impact of unit operation on the aquatic environment by comparing results obtained prior to unit operation with those obtained from September 1977 througn December 1979. Water Quality. Eighteen water quality parameters were monitored at approximately monthly intervals beginning in April 1974. In general the quality of Lake Erie water in the vicinity of the Station's discharge The structure has remained relatively constant over the past seven years. concentrations of dissolved and suspended substances were slightly higher during the operational period, particularly: chloride, magnesium, silica, sulf ate, nitrate, turbidity, and suspended solids. Dissolved oxygen and phosphorus were slightly lower after operation. The magnitude of these differences was not great and appeared to be caused by the general condition of the nearshore waters of western Lake Erie rather than Unit operation. Phytoplankton. Quantitative estimates of phytoplankton densities at I Locust Point were obtained at approximately monthly intervals from 1974 through 1979. Operational phytoplankton densities were larger during the
spring and fall 'than pre-operational densities. This was a natural ; phenomenon cccurring throughout the nearshore waters of western Lake Erie and not caused by unit operation. Zooplankton. Quantitative estimates of zooplankton densities in
> Lake Erie at Locust Point were obtained at approximately monthly intervals from 1973 through 1979. With the exception of cladoceran densities, which were very similar- during the pre-operational and operational studies, zooplanki.on operational densities, though generally similar to pre-operational densities, were somewhat lower than the corresponding pre-operational monthly density. However, these differences appeared to be due to natural phenomena occurring along the south shore of the Western Basin and not related to unit operation.
Benthic Macroinvertebrates. Benthic macroinvertebrate densities in Lake Erie at Locust Point were observed at approximately 30-day intervals from 1973-1976 and 60-day intervals from 1977-1979. Operational densities were within the ranges established during the pre-operational study for every month except September. Differences were attributable to natural variation. Fish. Monthly gill net catches from Lake Erie near Locust Point from 1973-13Fwere used to evaluate the impact of unit operation. Fish populations for each of the eight major species at Locust Point, alewife, channel catfish, freshwater drum, gizzard shad, spottail shiner, walleye, white bass, and yellow perch, and the density of all species ccmbined , showed little or no variation between pre-operational and operational
- results.
Ichthyoolankton. Ichthyoplankton densities from Lake Erie in the vicinity of the intake and discharge were monitored at approximately 10-day intervals from 1974 through 1979. Tremendous variability was observed from year to year. However, due to the similarity in densities observed at the intake and discharge and control stations, there is indication that the activities of the Power Station have not significantly altered these populations. I Entrainment. Ichthyoplankton entrainment estimates were not developed until the spring of 1978 as entrainment is an operational phenomenon, and there were few, if any, ichthyoplankters in Lake Erie to be entrained during the first fall and winter of the operational period (September 1977 - March 1978). During 1978 and 1979, the number of ichthyoplankters entrained was insignificant compared to lake populations. Furthermore, the off-shore intake, where larvae densities sre lower, and the low intake water volume due to the cooling tower and closed cycle cooling system, result in a very low-level impact on western Lake Erie fish populations. Impinoement. Fish impingement at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station was estimated from measurements of approximately 24 hours taken approximately 3 times per week from January 1,1978 to December 31, 1979. Goldfish was the species most commonly impinged, representing 49.9 percent ! (1978) and 78.6 percent (1979) of the total number of fish impinged. By number, the 6,607 fish impinged during 1978 were 0.04 percent of the Ohio l 1978 sport fishing harvest, while the 4,385 fish impinged during 1979 were i
- - ~
0.03 percent of the Ohio 1978 sport fishing harvest. By weight, impingement was less than 0.001 percent (both years) of the Ohio 1978 sport fishing harvest. These figures become even less significant when one realizes that the Ohio sport catch was only 33.4 percent of the Ohio 1973 commercial catch and only 15.9 percent of the 1978 commercial catch from all of Lake Erie. Conclusion. Based upon the results obtained to date, there are indications tnat operation of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, has had no short-term deleterious effects on the Lake Erie ecosystem. Therefore, it is the conclusion of this appraisal that the Station has not significantly altered the aquatic environment at Locust Point and that long-term deleterious impacts are unlikely, i
INTRODUCTION The Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, initiated commercial operation on August 29, 1977 (Table 1). The purpose of this report is to provide an appraisal of the impacts of station operation on the aquatic environment of Lake Erie. A pre-operational aquatic ecology monitoring program at the Station was begun in 1973-1974 and continued through the construction period. The program consisted of monitoring 18 water quality parameters and biological populations, including plankton, benthos and fish. Normally samples were taken monthly during the ice-free seasons on Lake Erie. Once commercial operation was started, the monitoring program continued essentially unchanged, except for the addition of fish impingement /entrainment studies. This report will attempt to compare natural water quality / biological variability, as measured during the pre-operational period, with values obtained during the operational period. The details of the monitoring program are found in Apoendix B_ to License NPF-3 " Environmental Technical Specifications". For the purposes of this report, the pre-operational period is considered to be from 1973 or 1974 (depending on when monitoring for a particular parameter began) to August 31, 1977. The operational period considered is frem September 1, 1977 to December 31, 1979. ihe Station's ,' operating history, including: 1) reactor power ' record, 2) electrical . power record, 3) intake and discharge temperature records, 4) water pumping record, and 5) water discharge record are presented in Figures 1 to
- 10. It can be seen from these figures that during the period of operation being considered, average generction was approximately 33% of its potential capacity. This circumstance was largely due to several months of maintenance outage during the sumer of 1978 and the Three-Mile Island Incident in 1979. Of the 28 operational months being considered in 1977, 1978, and 1979 water quality / biological ampling and mean unit output of greater than 453 MWe (50% capacity) coincided during six months.
STATION DESCRIPTION Station Location The Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 is located in Ottawa County, Ohio, on the southwest shore of Lake Erie, about 21 miles east of Toledo. , mcuth of The the 954-acre Toussaintsite is located in Carroll {35'57" River (coordinates: 41 N and 83aownship 05'28"adjacent to the l W).The site has 7,250 feet of Lake Erie frontage (Figure 11). This section l of shoreline is flat and marshy with a maximum elevation only a few feet above the lake level (U.S. Atomic Energy Comission,1973). l r
j General Station Description Unit 1 is a nuclear-powered electric generating facility with a net electrical capacity of 906 MWe. The f acility utilizes a pressurized water reactor (PWR) manuf actured by Babcock and Wilcox Company. Most of the heat from the turbine steam condenser is dissipated to the atmosphere by means of natural-draft cooling tower, 493 feet high and 415 feet in diameter at its base. Cooling Water Intake Design The ' cooling water intake shown in Figure 12 is made up of three principle elements; the intake crib and conduit, intake canal, and intake structure. The Unit obtains its cooling water from Lake Erie through the intake crib. Water entering the intake crib flows by gravity through the eight-foot diameter intake conduit buried beneath the lake bottom to the intake canal. The water then flows through the intake canal to the intake structure located at the west end of the intake canal forebay. From the intake structure cooling water will be pumped to the various systems within the unit. These three principle components are described in detail in the following sections. Intake Crib. The intake crib for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station is located in the Western Basin of Lake Erie approximately 3000 feet offshore from the land area comonly known as Locust Point in approximately 11 feet of water at low water datum (568.6 ft. I.G.L.D.). The lake area off of Locust Point has been identified as an area of constant sand movement. The intake crib is a wooden cross shaped structure rising 3'-10" above the lake bott;m with intake screens (ports) located in I the ends of each of the four arms so that water enters the crib downward through the ports. At the design maximum flow of 42,000 gpm, the inteke velocity has been calculated at 0.25 ft/sec (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission,1975). Table 2 shows' calculated intake velocities for various pumping rates. At the 42,000 gpm design flow rate, the velocity through the eight-foot diameter conduit would be approximately 1.8 ft/sec. This
- design is similar to the one used at the Oregon, Ohio, and Port Clinton, Ohio, municipal water intakes. Figure 13 shows the similarities of these intakes.
Normal practice in intake design has been to locate intake cribs in 20 to 50 feet of water to avoid ice formation and the possibility of blockage from ice jams. Inlet ports should be located four to eight feet off the bottom to minimize the uptake of sand, silt, and other sediment. However, adherance to,these practices has not always been possible in the Western Basin of Lake Erie because of its shallowness. This is the case with the design chosen for the Davis-Besse intake crib. The Davis-Besse intake crib is located in relatively shallow water,11 feet below low water datum, and five feet below the lowest water level experienced at the site, 562.9 IGLD computed from the Toledo gauging station records corrected to the site. Therefore, the intake design must be such that the crib will not be exposed by low water and the intake ports have to be high enough off the bottom that sand and sediment are not drawn into the crib. Locating the crib in deeper water was investigated but found not to be a
viable alternative. Water depths of 20 feat are not reached in the vicinity of the site until approximately four to five miles from. shore. ; The design finally chosen utilized a downward flow of water into the crib so that the intake ports could be located as far off the lake bottom as possible and still be under water during low lake level conditions. During the design of the intake crib, consideration was given to using velocity caps to change the direction of thd intake flow from vertical to horizontal. However, this did not turn out to be feasible, since under low lake level conditions the upper portion of the velocity caps would have been above water. Also, since the velocity caps would protrude above the top of the intake crib, they would be subjected to winter ice conditions. These ice conditions, floating ice, and wind blown ' ice masses, would most likely damage the velocity caps annually and in doing so could cause structural damage to the intake crib itself. Intake Canal. The intake canal is an open channel with earthen embankments to convey water from the intake conduit (bringing water from the intake crib) to the intake structure located imediately east of Unit No. 1. The intake canal is approximately 2950 feet long including the forebay and is separated from the lake by a sand beach and beachfront dike constructed of large limestone rip-rap. The canal is approximately 40 to 45 feet wide at the bottom, with 3:1 side slopes and a water depth of 13 to 14 feet at normal lake levels except in the vicinity of the intake structure where it widens to form the forebay. At a flow rate of 42,000 gpm, the calculated velocity in the intake canal is approximately 0.11 ft/sec. . The intake canal forebay is approximtely 800 feet long, 200 feet wide, at the bottom, with 3:1 side slopes and a water depth of 16 to 17 feet at normal lake levels. Intake Structure. The intake structure is shown in Figure 14 and is located at the western end of the intake canal forebay. All of the water which is used by the unit is pumped via the pumps located in the intake structure. The following pumps are located in the intake structure. Service Water Pumps - 2 operating, 1 standby Cooling Tower Makeup Pump - 2 used as required Oilution Pump - 1 used as required Water Treatment Feedpumps - 1 operating, 1 standby Screen Backwash Pumps - 2 used as required These pumps are preceded by the trash racks and traveling screens. The trash racks are fixed screens, have 4-inch by 26-inch openings, and will be manually cleaned. The trave'.ing screens have h-inch square openings and will be automatically cleaned either on a pre-set time interval or differential pressure across the screens. The impinged material washed from these screens is sluiced through a trough to a holding basin with an overflow weir discharge to allow monitoring of this material. Collections of impinged fish were made by placing a basket within the trough itself. 1
I Water Use The quantity of water used for cooling at the D' avis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit No.1, has been minimized by using a closed cycle cooling water system and a natural draft cooling tower. The unit's water l usage is also minimized by recycling the heated discharge from the service water system and using it as makeup to the closed cycle cooling water system. This exceeds the requirement of 40 CFR 423.13, " Effluent limitation guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the application of the best available technology economically achievable" as well as 40 CFR 423.15, "New Source Perfo;. nance Standards" which would permit the heated discharge from the service water system to be discharged, provided it meets chlorine limitations. Table 3 shows the unit's maximum, minimum, and average water usage for each month during 1978 at the intake crib. i Discharm System All station effluents (except storm water drainage and certain building drains which go to the Toussaint River) are mixed in the collection box prior to discharge into Lake Erie. Most of this mixture is cooling tower blowdcwn water and its associated dilution water which is added so that the concentration of dissolved solids in the discharge will be less than twice the concentration in the lake. The collection box has a small volume compared with the flow rates into it, and, therefore, the box I merely serves to mix the various effluents. From the collection box, the station discharge flows through a six-foot diameter buried pipe to the slot-type jet discharge structure (4.5 feet wide x 1.5 feet high) 1200 feet offshore in Lake Erie (Figure 12). The alevation of the collection box provides the necessary head for discharge through the pipe to the lake under all predicted water level conditions. The slot-type discharge has an exit water velocity of about 6.5 ft/sec at the design maximum discharge flow of 20,000 gpm. The nominal calculated water velocity of 3.6 ft/sec, at the typical discharge rate of 11,000 gpm, promotes rapid entrainment and mixing with lake water. The lake bottom has been rip-ral. ped with rock for about 200 feet in front of the slot discharge to minimize scouring of the lake bottom and associated turbidity. Chemical Discharge. All of the makeup water to the recirculating system (cooling tower) is partially neutralized with sulfuric acid, releasing carbon dioxide, and thereby reducing the amount of scale formed in the condenser. The only other chemical added to the circuits is elemental chlorine for defouling. The recirculating cooling water blowdown contains the major fraction of all chemicals discharged to Lake Erie. Due to the evaporation of water in the cooling tower, the concentration of dissolved solids in the recirculating water is approximately double that in the lake. Because of the addition of sulfuric acid and the loss of carbon dioxide, the sulfate ratio is slightly higher and the carbonate ratio is slightly lower in discharge water while ratios for various other chemicals are the same as in lake water. Thermal Discharge. The discharge of cooling tower blowdown from the station's submerged discharge structure generates a thermal plume in Lake
l l
-a.
Erie. The plume is calculated to have a maximum surface area of 0.7 acres ! (U.S. Atomic Energy Comission,1973). The temperature difference between l cooling tower blowdown water and ambient lake water ranges as high as 300F. 1 Lake water is used to dilute the blowdown so that the effluent to the lake never exceeds 200 F above ambient lake water temperature. l AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT Habitat Description Locust Point and Western Lake Erie. Locust Point is a gently curving headland on the south shore of western Lake Erie, approximately ten miles west of Port Clinton, Ohio (Figure 15). The Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station is located on a 954-acre tract of land on this point. The terrain of the point is relatively flat and contains about 600 acres of marshland. The Station has a 7,250-foot frontage on Lake Erie along the point. The point has a relatiuly stable barrier beach which separates Navarre marsh from the lake. The shore is not tending to straighten itself or advance ovar the wetland which is usual for barrier beaches with such a configuration. This may be in part due to the extensive rip-rap dike placed on the berm of the beach during the record-high water levels of the-1972 and 1973. The dike now protects the Station site, as well as the wetland, from the lake encroachment. Hydrographic surveys show a very gentle slope of the lake bottom from the shore out for a distance of at least 4000 feet (Figure 15). Two sand bars typically lie in the nearshore zone, one at 120 feet offshore and the other at 280 feet from the beach. The deeper area between the beach and ,
?
the first sand bar has a thin bottom layer of fluffy silt and shell fragments over the sand. The inshore slope of the first bar contains an abundant population of neiad clams. The sand bottom, generally medium- to fine-grained, extends to 800 feet offshore (5.0 feet water depth, IGLD, 1955). At this point the bottom deepens by 0.5 feet ard is composed of hard, glaciolacustrine clay which forms a 500 to 700-foot wide strip around
; the point. Lakeward the botton. again becomes sandy and the sand increases in thickness in a lakeward direction. The lake reaches a depth of ten feet at a distance of 200 feet offshore and 12 feet at 4000 feet offshore. The l sand and gravel bottom, underlain by hard clay persists lakeward to the rocky reefs about three miles offshore (Figure 16).
, The offshore reefs consist of bedrock and associated rock rubble and gravel. The topography of the reef tops ranges from rugged surfaces caused ! by bedrock pinnacles and large angular boulders, to smooth slabs of horizontally bedded rock. In places the exposed bedrock has the appearance of low stairs with steps dipping slightly to the east from the crest to the fringe of the submerged reef. All of the bedrock formations that form the reefs and shoals are carbonate' rocks which contain abundant solution cavities, in many cases up to one or- two cm in diameter. The bedrock itself is comonly masked by rubble composed of both autochthonous and l glacial origin and ranging from small pebbles to boulders up to five feet
, in diameter. On the reefs, isolated patches of sand and gravel fill vertical joint cracks and small depressions in the bedrock; at the fringes of reefs, sand and gravel beds or glacial till lap over the rock. During quiet periods the rocks are often covered by a thin layer of fluff, ,
organic-rich silt, which can be several millimeters thick (Herdendorf, ' 1970).
-g-Lakeward of the reefs the depths increase rapidly to 24 feet. Here
( the bottom is composed of mud (semi-fluid silt and clay-sized particles) and less than ten percent sand (Figure 16). The lack of permanent siltation on the bedrock and gravel reefs make them the only suitable sites for " clean water" benthic organisms such as certain mayflies, cavisflies, isopods, and amphipods. These organisms
~
are important in tne food web of many of the commercial and game fish species of western Lake Erie. The absence of these invertebrate animals on or in the adjacent mud bottoms limits fish feeding to the reefs and inshore areas. The reefs project above the bottom and they are generally areas of higher energy due to the force of waves and currents. These factors allow simulation of the environment found in the riffles of streams. Several species of fish, particularly walleye and white bass, appt.ar to have enjoyed success in Lake Erie because of the availability of this type of habitat. Because of the lack of shelter in the nearshore zone at Locust Point, except the intake and discharge structures, the area does not appear to support a large resident fish population. Monthly fish collections in this area (gill net, shore seine, and trawl) show great variability in species composition and relative abundance which strongly suggest a transient fish population. Results from 17 years of sampling at Locust Point indicate that 51 different species of fish have been captured (Table 4), but only
, ten species are of any real numerical or commercial significance. Alewife, carp, gizzard shad, white bass, emerald shiner, spottail shiner, yellow perch, channel catfish, freshwater drum, and walleye constitute over 97f.
of the total number that were captured (Reutter and Herdendorf,1976). l The general flat or gently sloping lake bottom in the nearshore zone , (within one mile of the shore) of Locust Point is broken only by the intake and discharge structures and uneven clay fill along the route of the buried pipelines. An ice barrier of rip-rap rock has been constructed on the lake side of the intake crib, and a scour prevention apron of similar material ' has been placed on the bottom lakeward of the discharge slot. In 1976, icthyoplankton sampling stations were established in tM vicinity of the water intake discharge structure as well as control stations at similar distances offshore in an attempt to determine if these structures were inducing higher than normal fish spawning rates for their position offshore. The populations at thece structures were within the normal range observed at the control station, indicating that the populations at the intake and discharge structures were not unusual for their position in the nearshore zone (Reutter and Herdendorf, 1976). Intake Canal. In September 1974, the intake canal was poisoned to eliminate resident fish priar to the operation of the Station. During periods of 1972 and 1973 the intake canal was opert to Lake Erie, and fish were free to enter the canal through an opening at the beachfront. In 1974 the canal was closed at the beach and the only water ccounication with the lake was via the 3000-foot-long, buried, intake pipe. Immediately prior to ( the poisoning, 22 trawls yielded 411 fish of 18 species. Trawls taken in the canal in October 1974, one month after poisoning, yielded only one
fish, an adult carp, indicating that the kill was essentially complete. The benthic population was also destroyed in the process (Reutter and ; Herdendorf,1975). Later trawls, in summer 1975, yielded 420 individuals of 13 species indicating some fish were entering the crib and traveling via the pipeline to the intake canal. The most common species found in the canal were white crappie, bullhead, black crappie, carp, yellow perch, and sunfish. Trawls in the intake canal were not continued after 1975. However, there is evidence that white crappie, goldfish, and other species have developed resident populations in the intake canal, and these populations represent a sizeable percentage of the fish impinged on the traveling screens. The size, age classes and relative abundance of species impinged at the Station are markedly different than individuals captured with trawls and gill nets in the vicinity of the intake crib. The intake canal is constructed of earthen walls and has a mud bottom j over hard clay. The steep-sided walls of the canal preclude the development of extensive aquatic vegetation. The entire surface of the canal is unshaded. Velocities in the canal during 1978, are calculated to have had a maximum, minimum, and mean velocity of 0.16, 0.02, and 0.06 feet /sec, respectively. Hydrolooy Circulation Patterns. Western Lake Erie is dominated by the large in-flow of the Detroit River with a mean flow of approximately 210,000 cfs. 3 The mid-channel flow of this river penetrates deep into the Western Basin, at times reaching the vicinity of Locust Point. The Maumee River, with an average flow of 4,700 cfs, is the second largest stream flowing into the lake and carries 37 percent of the sediment loading to the basin, but accounts for less than three percent of the total water drainage to Lake Erie. Maumee River water enters the lake through Maumee Bay where it divides into a northern flow along the Michigan shore and-an eastern flow along the Ohio shore toward Locust Point. The Toussaint River, with an average flow of only 76 cfs, is a minor contributor to circulation patterns in the vicinity of Locust Point. East of the dominating effect of the Detroit River, the prevailing southwest winds produce a clockwise surface flow around the Bass Islands to the northeast of Locust Point. However, this surface flow is often altered by changes in the direction, intensity, and duration of the wind. Strong winds from any direction can drive the surface currents over most of the basin toward the windward shore (Herdendorf, 1975). Current maps of western Lake Erie in the vicinity of Locust Point for various wind conditions are presented by Herdendorf (1970). Bottom currents have essentially the same pattern as surface flows in that part of the basin influenced by the Detroit River. However, in other parts of the basin bottom currents are comonly the reverse of and compensate for strong, ! wind-driven, surface currents. Herdendorf and Braidech (1972) measured currents at 68 stations in the vicinity of Locust Point and the offshore reefs during a three-year study. The average recorded velocity for surface currents was 0.28 knots
(0.48 feet /sec) and 0.15 knots (0.26 feet /sec) for bottom currents. These velocities are not capable of eroding bottom material, but are able to transport fina sand, silt, clay, and fish eggs or larvae once they have been placed in suspension. Velocities in excess of 0.5 knots (0.84 feet /sec) were recorded on the reefs but not in the nearshore zone at Locust Point. The mean intake. velocity for the Station is approximately half of the average bottom current velocity measured by Herdendorf and . Braidech (1972). Littoral Drift. Locust Point is at a position of diverging littoral (alongshore) drifts of sand which ordinarily would result in the beach being starved of sand because of movement east and west away from the l headlands which fonn the point. However, the shore is apparently I maintained at near equilibrium by replenishment from an extensive sand and gravel deposit which lies north of a narrow strip of compact glaciolacustrine clay that fronts the point beyond the sandy nearshore zone. Transportation of this material from offshore to the beach can be accomplished by at least three forces: 1) cur:ents induced by wind action i of Detroit River flow; 2) wave action; and 3) ice shove. Most of the sand probably migrates shoreward by wave action and currents generated by northeast and northwest storms. Evidence for the shoreward movement of i sand can be found in the position of bars before and after major storms. For example, fathometer profiles of the lake bottom at Locust Point before (13 June 1972) and after (28 June 1972) tro~pical storm Agnes revealed that , two offshore bars migrated 20 to 25 feet shoreward as a result of wave j attack from the northwest storm (Herdendorf and Hair, 1972). ( Thermal Conditions. Water tegeratures in western Lake Erie range from 32' F in the winter to about 75 in late summer. The Western Basin frequently freezes from shore to shore in December and the ice cover breaks j up in March and April. A shallow epilimnion develops early during the spring, but because the basin is so shallow, wind action causes efficient vertical mixing and by June the water becomes vertically isothermal. Diurnal microthermoclines are common in the summer, but prolonged periods of hot, calm weather can cause temporary thermal stratification, due to the heating of the surface water without the benefit of mixing. In 1953, such a situation resulted in severe oxygen depletion in the bottom water (Britt, 1955). Water Quality. Nutrient overenrichment is the most significant water quality problem in western Lake Erie. Locust Point, being within the nearshore zone, is also characterized by low transparency, high concentrations of dissolved solids and warmer water temperature when compared with offshore water quality studies at Locust Point in July 1972 (Figure 17). Over the past 8 years most parameters have shown typical seasonal trends with only small variations from year to year. Trends for 8 water quality parameters from July 1972 through November 1979 are shown on Figures 18, 19, and 20. Temperature and dissolved oxygen show normal seasonal trends for each year with only minor variations from one year to the next or over the entire period. D0 appears to have undergone more depletion in 1976 and 1977 than in previous years or in 1978. Hydrogen-ion concentration (pH) and alkalinity remained fairly stable over the period.
. Transparency, turbidity, phosphorus, and conductivity have shown radical variations which are probably due to storms and dredging activities that
have disturbed the bottom sediments. Phosphorus levels were low in 1977, 1978, and 1979 compared to earlier years. In general however, no i significant deviations from the ncrmal quality of the water in this part of western Lake Erie have been observed during the past seven years. IMPACT APPRAISAL Water Quality ) , Procedures and Results Water quality measurements during the period April 1974 to November ! 1979 were used for the purposes of this appraisal. The results of the water quality monitoring program are contained in semi-annual reports (1974-1976) and annual reports (1977 - 1979) of the Toledo Edison Company to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission. The data used included Station l No. 13 (500 feet east of the discharge structure) and Station No. 8 (adjacent to the water int n e crib). Station No. 13 serves as the station most likely to be impacted, while Station No. 8 serves as a control station (Figure 17). Each station was visited once a month during the ice-free period of the year (normally April-November). Surface and bottom water samples were taken at each station and were analyzed in accordance with the procedures listed in Table 5. Because the intake and discharge structures are located at or near the bottom, bottom samples were used for comparing pre-operational and operational conditions. Tables 6 to 23 summarize pre-operational and operational dgta for the 18 water quality parameters ; , at the intake and discharge stations. These data are displayed graphic. ally for the discharge station on Figures 21 to 38. The following discussion l summarizes the comparison for each of the parameters. Dissolved Oxygen. During both the pre-operational and operational period 60 snowed a typical trend of high values in the spring and' fall with low concentrations in the sumer. Operational concentrations were considerably lower than the pre-operational range in April and November, but not during the critical sumer months (Figure 21). Hydrocen-ions (oH). Throughout the pre-operational and operational period pH values remained relatively stable, never exceeding 9.0 or f alling below 7.5. The operational values showed more variability than the nearly straight-line mean concentration for the pre-operational period (Figure 22). However, both periods had a mean pH of 8.3. Transaarency. Both the pre-operational and operational measurements showed the lowest water clarity in the spring, the best transparency in the sumer, and intermediate clarity in the f all. In general, operational values were within the range of pre-operational values throughout the year (Figure 23). Turbidity. Being somewhat the reciprocal of transparency, the I lowest readings occurred in the sumer, the highest in spring and intermediate values in the fall for the pre-operational period. Operational values showed a general decreasing trend throughout the year, with only 6 slight rise in the fail. However, values for May, June, and
September well exceeded the pre-operational ranges for those months f (Figure 24). Suspended Solids. This parameter, like turbidity showed a "U" shaped trend during the pre-operational period with summer concentrations being the lowest. Like transparency and turbidity, high particulate , material in the water during the spring and fall months of the operational period yielded readings in excess of the pre-operational ranges for these months (Figure 25). Conductivity. This parameter is a measure of the ionized material in the water and it also shows high concentrations in the spring for both the pre-operational and operational periods. Only conductivity values in April for the operational period exceed the range for this month during the pre-operational period (Figure 26). Dissolved Solids. The concentrations of dissolved substances in the water during pre-operational and operational periods were relatively similar, with the operational data falling within or nearly within the pre-operational range for each month. Operational concentrations were somewhat lower than pre-operational conditions for April and October, while September was slightly higher (Figure 27). Calcium. This element, one of the most connon found in Lake Erie water, showed relatively consistent values during both the pre-operational and operational period. High concentrations typified the spring with considerably lower values in the summer and fall. Only in November did operational concentrations exceed the range of pre-operational data (Figure 28). Chloride. Operational chloride conc.entrations were within the range of pre-operational concentrations during six of the eight months for which comparative data are available. The greatest discrepancy occurred in April and November. Pre-operational data show a progressive decrease in ! concentration throughout the year, while operational data indicate a more "U" shaped trend (Figure 29). Sulfate. Both pre-operational and operational sulfate data show relatively consistent concentrations throughout the year with somewhat higher values in the spring. Operational data were more erratic, with four months above the pre-operational range and one month below the range (Figure 30). Sodium. A trend similar to that of sulf ate was noted for sodium. Operational data again showed greater variability with two months above and one month below the range for pre-operational data. April and November yielded the highest concentrations for the operational period, both beyond the pre-operational range (Figure 31). Magnesium. This parameter showed the least agreement between pre-operational and operational data of any of those tested. Operational . concentrations exceeded the range of pre-operational data for all months i i except May. In April, the operational mean value was nearly double the pre-operational mean concentration (Figure 32). 4
- - - - . . - -- - , - - . - - - , - , . - _ . -- -. . , _ _ , _- __g ,
Total Alkalinity. This parameter showed considerable variability in both the pre-operational and operational data, with the highest values occurring in-the spring and fall during the pre-operational period and in the spring and summer during operation. April, July, August, and November were periods when operational values exceeded pre-operational ranges, while May and June were months of relatively low operational alkalinity (Figure 33). Nitrate. Serving as a biological nutrient, this parameter fluctuates widely in response to plankton productivity. Concentrations during both the pre-operational and operational periods were highest in the spring but decreased in the summer as this material was utilized by algae. Fall concentrations increased as algal productivity declined. Concentrations during both periods were relatively consistent, with operational values being somewhat higher, particularly in June, August, andNovember(Figure 34). Phosphorus. This parameter is also an important biological nutrient and, like nitrate, shows seasonal variations such as high spring and low sumer concentrations. Pre-operational and operational data were relatively consistent throughout the year, except for May which showed a considerably higher mean concentration during the pre-operational period (Figure 35). Silica. As a necessary mater.ial for diatom cells, silica also under-goes seasonal changes in concentration. As the growing season progresses this material greatly declines in the water. Both pre-operational and operational data show the same seasonal trend. Operational concentrations exceeded the pre-operational ranges for May and November (Figure 36). Biochemical Oxycen Demand. BOD levels were relatively consistent throughout the year for both the pre-operational and operational periods. Values were highest in the spring and lowest in the fall. All of the operational concentrations fall within the range of pre-operational data, except for June (Figure 37). Temoerature. Both pre-operational and operational data show typical seasonal temperature trends for Lake Erie; and both data sets are relatively consistent. Most of the operational values fall within the range of pre-operational data (Figure 38). Appraisal In general the quality of Lake Erie water in the vicinity of the Station's discharge structure has remained relatively constant over the past seven years (Figures 18,19, and 20). In comparing the 18 water quality parameters during the ice-free months for the pre-operational versus the operational period (Figures 21 to 38), it can be seen that there is a 67% agreement (operational data within pre-operational range) between the two data sets. This is a relatively gcod agreement (Figure 39). Table 24 summarizes this comparison and provides an indication of the degree of difference between the two periods. In general the
,,--.,,--.,----ma--,-,, , , - . - - - - -
7 concentrations of dissolved and suspended substances were higher during s the operational period, particularly: magnesium, silica, nitrate, turbidity, and suspended solids. Dissolved oxygen was lower after operation. The magnitude of these differences was not great and seemed to be caused by the general condition of the nearshore waters of western Lake Erie rather than Station operation. For example, Table 17 shows that magnesium was not only high at the discharge (Sta. No. 13) but also high at the water intake (Sta. No. 8) which serves as a control staticn. Table 25 indicates the percent change in water quality at the lake intake (Station 8) and discharge (Station 13) from the pre-operational period through the operational period. Dissolved oxygen and phosphorus shoved the largest decreases in concentration (7 and 35 percent, respectively), while sulfate, magnesium, BOD, silica, chloride, turbidity, and suspended solids all had increases greater than 5%. In all cases where an increase in excess of 5% occurred at the discharge station, a similar increase was also observed at the control station. These observations further substantiate the conclusion that most of the changes are due to general lake conditions, and not localized changes resulting from Station operation. The decrease in phosphorus concentration is consistent with other nearshore measurements in western Lake Erie which indicate a decline in this substance as a result of pollution abatement programs. Based on the results of this study, short-term degradation of Lake Erie water quality can not be demonstrated as a result of Station operation. The stability of water quality in the vicinity of Locust Point (, is well-documented; long-term deleterious impacts resulting from station operation are unlikely. Plankton Studies Procedures Plankton monitoring at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station has been completed approximately monthly during ice-free periods since 1973 (Table 26). The stations at which samples were collected each year are listed in Table 27 and shown on Figure 17. In 1973 only quantitative zooplankton samples were collected, while both quantitative zooplankton and phytoplankton samples were collected in all other years. The preservation techniques have been modified occasionally as new techniques to make specimen identification easier appeared in the literature. However, no modifications which would have quantitatively affected the results were made, and formalin was always the final preservative. Two vertical tows, bottom to surf ace, were collected at each station for phyto-plankton and zooplankton with a Wisconsin plankton net (12 cm mouth; 0.064 mm mesh in 1973 and 1974 and 0.080 m mesh from 1975-1979). Each sample was concentrated to 50 m1 and preserved. The volume of water sampled was computed by multiplying the depth of the tow by the area of the net mouth. Three 1-ml aliquots were withdrawn from each 50-ml sample and placed in counting cells. i
---.. -~_ - - _
,_,__.___m- -_ __- _. . .__ - - _ _ _ .
3 Whole organism counts of the phytoplankton were made from 25 random . Whipple Disk fields in each of the three 1-ml aliquots from each of the 2 ' samples. When filamentous forms numbered 100 or more in 10 Whipple fields, they were not counted in the remaining 15 fields. Identification was carried as far as practicable, usually to the genus or species level. All zooplankters within each of the three 1-ml aliquots from each of the 2 samples were counted by scanning the entire counting cell with a microscope. Identification was carried as far as practicable, usually to the genus or species level. Phytoplankton Results The results of the phytoplankton monitoring program were presented in the semi-annual reports (1974-1976) and annual reports (1977 - 1979) of the Toledo Edison Company to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission. This report summarizes the findings presented in these earlier reports through graphic presentations of monthly densities of the major phytoplankton components, Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, and Myxophyceae, encountered yearly from 1974-1979 (Figures 40 -45). Figure 46 presents the monthly estimates of the total phytoplankton density from 1974 through 1979. Table 28 and Figures 47 - 50 sumarize the above duta in a different manner by combining all monthly density estimates from all years and all stations and comparing pre-opentional means, minima, maxima, and standard deviations with operational results. Table 29 and Figures 51 - 53 use this ) 4 same technique to compare the total phytoplankton densities observed at Station 8 (intake structure), Station 13 (plume area), and Station 3 (control station). A discussion of these comparisons follows. ' Diatoms. Both pre-operational and operational densities were high during the spring and fall, and low during the sumer (Figure 47). Spring densities were highest. This is typical for western Lake Erie and as one would expect since diatoms are cold-water forms. Operational densities observed during the spring and fall were larger than the corresponding pre-operational values. However, operational standard deviations overlapped the pre-operational standard deviations. Green Aloae. Chlorophycean densities, in general, were much lower than diatom densities or blue-green algae densities during the pre-operational and the operational studies. Furthermore, these green algae population densities are much less predictable seasonally than diatoms. ! Reutter (1976) has demonstrated that green algae densities parallel ; transparency closely and are opposite to turbidity and, therefore, are ; often controlled by factors such as the wind, which affects transparency by ; suspending bottom sediments through wave action. However, most of the
- monthly samples collected during the operational period fell within the range established during the pre-operational period, and for those which )
were outside the range (July, September, and November), the standard deviation of the operational period overlapped the standard deviation of the pre-operational period (Figure 48).
-~w ,r-. , .g.. - -- n ,+ . - , . , - . , , - - . - - - . - . - . - - - , . - - - , , , . + - . - . - . , , .- ,
Blue-Green Alcae. Myxophycean populations during both the pre-( operational and operational periods showed tendencies toward sudden, large, mid-summer pulses (Figure 49). Operational densities were generally larger than pre-operational densities. However, with the exception of October and November, the operational standard deviations always overlapped the pre-operatior.al standard deviations. Total Phytoplankton. The total phytoplankton density, i.e., the sum total of the 3 major component groups previously discussed and several other minor classes, was higher during most of the operational study than during the pre-operational study (Figure 50). However, with the exception of April and October, the standard deviations of the means observed during the operational study overlapped the standard deviations from the pre-operational study. Zooplankton Results The results of the zooplankton monitoring program were presented in the semi-annual reports (1974-1976) and annual reports (1973,1977,1978 and 1979) of the Toledo Edison Company to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission. This report sumarizes the findings presented in these earlier reports through graphic presentations of the monthly densities of the total zooplankton population and its major components, rotifers, i copepods, and cladocerans encountered yearly from 1972 -1979 (Figures 54 - 57).
- Table 30 and Figures 58 - 61 sumarize the data in a different ma,nner by combining all monthly density estimates from all years and all stations i and comparing pre-operational means, minima, maxima, and standard deviations with operational results. Table 31 and Figures 62 - 64 use this same technique to compare total zooplankton densities observed at Station 8 (intake structure), Station 13 (plume area), and Station 3 (control station). A discussion of these comparisons follows.
Total Zooplankton. The total zooplankton population density, i.e., a sum total of tne major zooplankton groups (rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans) and any minor classes or orders, has usually exhibited two pulses, one in the late spring or early sumer and a smaller pulse in the fall. This is true of both pre-operational and operational results, although operational densities were generally 1cwer than pre-operational densities (Figure 58). Rotifers. Rotifer densities at Locust Point during the operational period were lower for every month than the mean value from the pre-operational period for the same month (Figure 59). However, the operational monthly mean was below the pre-operational monthly range only during June and November, and the operational monthly mean was always less than two standard deviations from the pre-operational mean. Copeoods. Copepod densities at Locust Point during the pre-operational study generally exhibited spring pulses (Figure 60). This was also the case during the operational study, except the pulse was somewhat _ _ - . , , , _.,_.,.y,3 _
i smaller than those observed during the pre-operatiunal study. As observed with the rotifers, operational monthly densities were rever more than two standard deviations from the pre-operational mean (Figure 60). Cladocerans. Cladoceran densities at Locust Point during both the pre-operational and operational studies have exhibite'1 spring (or early sumer) and fall pulses (Figura 61;. However, during the operational period the two pulses were less distinct. With the exception of August, none of the monthly operational densities were more than two standard deviations frca the pre-operational mean. Appraisal Prior to the appraisal of the effects of unit operation on the zooplankton and phytoplankton communities, some assistance in interpreting these results is warranted. First, one should bear in mind that when sampling the same population eight months each year for seven years, and plotting data with monthly minima and maxima, as in this report, eight minima and eight maxima will be generated. That is, there will be seven values for each of the eight months, or one value for each month from each of the seven years. Each of the eight months will have a minimum value and a maximum value, and, since there are eight months, there will be a total of eight minimum values and eight maximum values (one of each for each month). If there is nothing unusual about the environmental conditions which existed during any of the seven years, then each year would have an equal chance (probability) of producing several monthly minimusii or maximum t values. Assuming each year does have an equal probability of producing these minima and maxima, and since there are eight monthly minimum values and .eight monthly maximum values, each year of the seven years would produce 1.14 of the monthly minimum values and 1.14 of the monthly maximum values. This is pointed out to demonstrate that it is natural for any year to produce a population extreme (monthly minimum or maximum value). Consequently, it should not be automatically viewed as a unit produced effect if any cperational variable is above or below the pre-operational range. Another point useful in the interpretation of these results involves the distance of the operational monthly mean from the pre-operational mean. A general " rule-of-thumb" is that when dealing with a normal distribution, the area within one standard deviation on either side of the mean will contain approximately 66 percent of the values, two standard - deviations would contain approximately 95 percent of the values, and three
- standard deviations would contain approximately 99 percent of the values.
As a final aid in interpreting these results, population densities are presented from a control station (unaffected) to allow comparison with the discharge where the impact should be greatest. This allows a distinction to be made between unusual values caused by unit operation and unusual results which are typical of the entire lake due to an unusual set of climatic or biological conditions -- natural variation. I Between September 1977 and the end of 1979, the operational period, plankton samples were collected on 18 occasions. On five of these dates,
_ the station was operating at 90 percent capacity, 8 percent capacity, 100 i percent capac.d ty, 99 percent capacity, and 48 percent capacity, respectively. On the remaining 13 sampling dates the station was not operating. Phytoplankton. Reutter and Fletcher (1980) sumarized the results of phytoplankton sampling at Locust Point and concluded that " populations observed at Locust Point during 1979 are similar to those of previous years and appear typical for those occurring in the nearshore waters of the Western Basin of Lake Erie." This report has taken the results compiled by Reutter and Fletcher a step farther by computing means, ranges, and standard deviations for the pre-operational period and by adding the results from the last portion of 1977 to those of 1978 and 1979 to sumarize the operational period. Operational- phytoplankton densities were somewhat larger than pre-operational densities (Figure 50). This appears to be a general trend, as the operational values of the three major phytoplankton groups were never below the pre-operational range and often above it. Due to the unusually harsh winters of 1978 and 1979, it is likely that these differences were caused by natural weather conditions. Figures 51 - 53 present phytoplankton densities at the station intake (Station 8), discharge (Station 13), and a control station (Station 3). It would probably be safe to use the station intake as a control station, however, as an extra measure of caution Station 3, 3000 feet northwestr of the discharge, was selected as a control. Using this comparative technique, any difference between pre-operational and operational data observed at the discharge which was also observed at the intake or Station 3 would obviously have been due simply to natural variation in population densities. The only large differences between operational and pre-operational data at the discharge were unusually high spring and fall population densities, and, since these were also observed
, at the intake and Station 3, they were obviously a natural phenomenon and not caused by unit operation.
In conclusion, to date, operation of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, has not had a significant effect on Lake Erie phytoplankton densities. l Zooplankton. Reutter and Fletcher (1980) sumarized the results of zooplankton sampling at Locust Point through 1979 and concluded that
" populations observed in 1979 should be considered typical for the south shore of the Western Basin of Lake Erie." This report has taken the results compiled by Reutter and Fletcher a step farther by computing means, ranges, and standard deviations for the pre-operational period and by adding the results from the last portion of 1977 to those of 1978 and 1979 to sumarize the operational period.
Zooplankton operational densities, though generally similar to pre- , operational densities, were often somewhat lower than the corresponding j pre-operational monthly density (Figures 58 - 61). However, as with the phytoplankton, these differences should not be interpreted as due to unit operation, for it appears that zooplankton densities even in unaffected
areas (control stations) were lower during the operational period (Figures 62-64). Consequently, these differences were obviously attributable to natural variation and not unit operation. The obvious conclusion is that to date, oporation of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, has not had a significant effect on Lake Erie zooplankton densities. Benthic Studies Procedures Benthic macroinvertebrate densities in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station were monitored at approximately monthly intervals during ice-free periods (normally April through November) from 1973 through 1976, and at invervals of approximately 60 days during the ice-free periods of 1977,1978, and 1979 (Table 32). The stations at which samples were collected each year are listed in Table 33 and shown on Figgre
- 17. Population densities were sampled with a Ponar dredge (Area =0.052 m ).
Three replicate grabs were collected at each station on each date from 1974 through 1979, whereas one sample was collected at each station on each date during 1973. Samples were sieved on the boat through a U.S. #40. scil sieve, preserved in 10% formalin, and returned to the laboratory for identification and enumeration. Individuals were identified as far as practicable (usually to genus; to specieg when possible). Results were reported as the number of organisms per m ) Results The results of the benthos monitoring program were presented in the semi-annual reports (1974 - 1976) and annual reports (1973,1977,1978, and 1979) of the Toledo Edison Company to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission. This report sumarizes the findings presented in these earlier reports through a graphic presentation of the monthly benthic macroinvertebrate densities encountered yearly from 1972 - 1979 (Figure 65). Table 34 and Figures 66 - 70 sumarize the data in a different manner by combining all monthly density estimates for the major benthic groups from all years and all stations during the pre-operational study, and comparing these pre-operational monthly means, minima, maxima, and standard deviations to operational results. Table 35 and Figures 71 - 73 use this same technique to compare total benthic macroinvertebrate densities observed at Station 8 (intake structure), Station 13 (discharge i area),andStation3(controlstation). A discussion of these comparisons ' follows. Total Benthic Macroinvertebrates. The population densities of all l benthic macroinvertebrates, i.e., the sum total of the major benthic groups (Coelenterata, Annelida, Arthropoda, and Mollusca), were generally the highest in the late sumer and fall during the pre-operational study. During the operational study the highest densities occurred slightly earlier in the sumer and fall (Figure 66). Operational densities were
very close to the pre-operational mean during every month except September, when they were slightly lower than the pre-operational minimum. Coelenterata. Pre-operational coelenterate population densities generally produced peaks in the spring and fall (Figure 67). During the operational study only a fall peak was observed. However, operational density estimates were always within one standard deviation of the pre-operational mean. Annelida. Benthic annelid densities during both the pre-operational and operational studies showed peaks in late summer or early fall (Figure 68). However, all monthly operational results were within the pre-operational range or within one standard deviation of the pre-operational mean, except May and September, when the operational i densities were slightly lower. Arthropoda. Both pre-operational and operational benthic arthropod densities peaked during the summer and fall (Figure 69). Operational densities were above the pre-operational maxima during May, June, and July, and below the minimum during October. Mollusca. Benthic mollusc densities were extremely low (five was maximum during the seven-year study period) and variable, and, consequently, pre-operational / operational differences are difficult to detect (Figure 70). However, nothing unusual was observed during the operational period. Appraisal Initially it should be pointed out, as discussed in the plankton appraisal (see page 18), that operational densities which fall outside the pre-operational range may be due to natural variation and not related to unit operation. To allow comparisons of ambient densities with densities at the unit discharge, population densities have been presented from Station 3, a control station located 3000 ft northwest of the unit discharge structure, the same distance from shore as the discharge and at , approximately the same water depth. These comparisons allow one to more accurately assess the causes of observed differences - natural variation or unit operation. During what is defined as the operational period, samples were collected on ten occasions. On these ten occasions, the unit was operating at 98 percent on one occasion, 100 percent on another, 99 percent on another, and not operating on the remaining seven dates. While this is very critical to water quality and plankton results, it is somwhat less important when observing benthic communities. Benthic communities are much less mobile than plankton or fish, and, therefore, are generally considered to be good pollution indicators, even of intermittent pollutants or environmental changes. The rationale is that even if the unit were not operating on the sampling date, a large portion of the community sampled would have been present when the unit was operating. ( - i
This is not true of plankters, and fish are capable of leaving when unfavorable conditions exist and then r1 turning quickly when the i conditions are improved. Reutter (1980a) summarized the results of benthic macroinvertebrate sampling at Locust Point through 1979 and concluded that " populations found at Locust Point during 1979 must be considered typical for those of the nearshore waters of the Western Basin of Lake Erie . . . no significant environmental changes due to unit operation were ot.' served." This report has taken the results compiled by Reutter a step farther by computing means, ranges, .and standard deviations for the pre-oparational period and
! by adding the results from the last portion of 1977 to those from 1978 and 1979 to summarize the operational period.
Benthic macroinvertebrate densities observed during the operational study were within the limits established during the pre-operational study on all but one occasion. A review of Figures 71 - 73 shows that variability in population densities was widespread and not rehted to unit operation. Operational densities observed at the discharge (Figure 72) more closely resembled pre-operational densities than did those observed at tne intake (Figure 71) or Station 3 (Figure 73), which were designed to be the control stations. Results at Station 3, which is well away from the intake and discharge and where no construction has ever occurred, are graphic examples of the discussion at the beginning of this appraisal section, showing that natural variability can produce values far from the pre-operational densities. Furthermore, this type of variability is to be expected in the Locust Point vicinity, a shallow wave-swept zone with shifting substrate. In conclusion, to date, operation of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, has not had a significant effect on Lake Erie benthic macroinvertebrate densities. Fisheries Pooulation Studies Procedures Fish populations in Lake Erie at Locust Point in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station were monitored at approximately monthly intervals during ice-free periods (normally April - November) from 1973 through 1979. Fish were collected by three sampling techniques, experimental gill nets, shore seines, and trawls. Experimental gill nets (125 feet long, consisting of five 25-ft contiguous panels of , 3/4,1,1, and 2-inch bar mesh) were set parallel to the intake pipeline at Station 8 (intake) and parallel to the discharge pipeline at Station 13 (discharge or plume area) from 1973 through 1979 (Table 36). During 1977,1973, and 1979, nets were also placed at Stations 3 and 26 to serve as controls (Figure 17). Each net was fished at the lake bottom for approximately 24 hours. Results were reported as catch per unit 4 effort (CPE), where one unit of effort was equal to one 24-hour set with t one net.
, . Shore seining was conducted at Stations 23, 24, and 25 with a 100-ft i bag seine ( -inch bar mesh). The seine was stretched perpendicular to the shoreline until the shore brail was at the water's edge. The far brail was then dragged through a 900 are back to shore. Two hauls were made at each station in opposite directions.
Four 5-minute bottom tows with a 16-ft trawl (1/8-inch mesh bag) were conducted on a transect between Stations 8 (intake) and 13 (plume area) at a speed of 3 - 4 knots. Starting in 1977, tows were also made on a transect between Stations 3 and 26 for comparative purposes. All fish captured by each technique were identified, enumerated, weighed, and measured (Trautman,1957; 8ailey, et al.,1970). All results were keypunched and stored on magnetic tape at 7he Ohio State University Computer Center. Results The results of the fisheries population monitoring program are contained in the semi-annual reports (1974 - 1976) and the annual reports (1973,1977,1978, and 1979) of the Toledo Edison Company to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Cc=rnission. These reports have shown gill netting to be the superior sampling technique for measuring the impact of unit operation for several reasons: , ( 1. gill nets can be set right at the point of impact, are relatively unbiased" sampling devices, and collect adequate sample sizes (quantities of fish);
- 2. shore seines sample mainly young-of-the-year fish and, consequently, are subject to sudden pulses following spawning;
- 3. shore seines sample at locations over 1000 feet from the point of discharge;
- 4. trawls have been shown to collect too few fish.
Consequently, although the results of shora seining and trawling have greatly increased our ability to interpret yearly results, gill' nets have proven to be the most effective assessment tool, and, therefore, these results and discussions will pertain mainly to this gear type. Fifty-one fish species have been collected at Locust Point since 1963 (Table 4). However, the fish consnunity at Locust Point has consistently been dominated by seven species: alewife, emerald shiner, freshwater drum, gizzard shad, spottail shiner, white bass, and yellow perch. These seven species generally constitute well over 90 percent of the annual catch by the sampling program. The monthly mean, minimum, maximum, and standard deviation of the number of each of these species, except emerald shiner, collected in the gill net set at the discharge have been presented in Table 37 and Figures 74 - 81. Emerald shiners are seldom collected in gill nets of these mesh sizes, so they were not included in the tabulations. However, due to their economic importance, channel 9 .- , , _ _ _ . . _ . - _ , _ . _ . , , . _ , _ . _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
l catfish and walleye were added to the list. Table 38 and Figures 82 - 85 summarize the gill net results by presenting pre-operational means, ' minima, maxima, and standard deviations and comparing them to operational results at Stations 8 (intake),13 (discharge or plume area), 3 and 26 (controls). Alewife. Alewife densities in the vicinity of the unit discharge during both the operational and pre-operational periods were generally highest during the late summer and early fall (Figure 74). The maximum pre-operational catch was 322, while 136 was the maximum catch during the operational period (Table 37). Although operational catches were generally lower than pre-operational catches, they were always within the pre-operational range. Channel Catfish. Channel catfish catches during both the pre-operational and operational studies were greatest during the summer (Figure 75). They were seldom a significant component of the catch, as 18 was tne maximum pre-operational catch and 6 was the maximum operational catch (Table 37). The pre-operational and operational catches were quite similar, and all operational means were within the pre-operational range. Freshwater Drum. During both the pre-operational and operational studies, freshwater drurn were most abundant during the summer (Figure 76). The maximum catch during the pre-operational study was 50, while 75 was the maximum operational catch (Table 37). With the exception of June, which was higher, all operational catches were within the range established 1 during the pre-operational study.
~
Gizzard Shad. Gizzard shad densities during both the ~ pre-operational and operational studies were always greatest during the late summer and fall (Figure 77). The maximum pre-operational cat::h was 184, while 291 was the maximum operational catch (Table 37). The monthly pre-j_ operational and operational mean catches were generally quite similar, and
- all but one of the operational means were within the pre-operational range (Figure 77).
Spottail Shiner. Spottail shiners were always most abundant ouring the month of May (Figure 78). In fact, with the exception of April and June, the minimum catch in May was greater than the maximum catch of any of the other months during the pre-operational period. The operational catch was within the range established during the pre-operational period during all months but September. Walleye. Walleye catches during both the pre-operational and operational studies were greatest during the summer (Figure 79). This species was never a significant portion of the catch, as 15 was the maximum prior to plant operation and 8 was the maximum afterwards (Table 37). With the exception of August, when the operational catch was above the range of pre-operational catches, all catches af ter the unit began operation were within the range of catches prior to unit operation. White Bass. White bass were generally most abundant during the summer (Figure 80 and Table 37). The magnitude of the pre-operational and
operational catches were very - similar, but the pre-operational peak g occurred in August whereas the operational peak occurred in June. With the exception of June and July, when the operational catch was above the pre-operational mean, all operational values were within the range established during the pre-operational stMy. Yellow Perch. Yellow perch generally occurred in similar numbers
' rom month to month during the pre-operational period with a slight increase in the early fall, followed by a decrease to law densities in November (Figure 81). Operational densities were of similar magnitude during all months but August when they were higher than the pre-operational mean but very close to the pre-operational maximum for September.
Appraisal In the appraisals of the phytoplankton, zooplankton, and benthos ' sections, it was shown that extreme values, i.e., either maxima or minima, in addition to being potentially due to unit operation, will occur by chance alone, due to natural variation. Furthermore, the magnitude of the standard deviation gives one a good indication of the magnitude of natural variation to be expected. The above statements are hardly necessary when evaluating the impact of unit operation on the fishery populations in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, for there was little or no variation out of the pre-operational range durin
, major species (Figures 74 - 81)g the. On operational period the 17 sampling forduring dates the eight the i
operational period, the unit was operating at above 90 percent capacity on four dates,15.0 percent capacity on another, and not operating on the remaining twelve dates. 4 Another way to measure impact and an approach which allows us to include all species (not just the major eight) is to compare catches at the discharge (Station 13) and those at the intake (Station 8) with two control stations (Figures 82 - 85 and Table 38). This method shows that the only operational catches at the intake and discharge which were outside the pre-operaticnal range occurred during November (Figures 82 and 83). Both of these catches were above pre-operational data which is an indication that it was either a lake-wide occurrance, or a case of fish being attracted to the rip-rap material which was placed around these structures to prevent bottom scouring and ice damage. However, since an identical November increase occurred at the control stations (Figures 84 and 85), natural variation, not unit operation, should be considered the cause. In conclusion, to date, operation of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, has not had a significant effect on Lake Erie fish populations at Locust Point. Ichthyoplankton Procedures Ichthyoplankton was sampled at Locust Point in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station from 1974 through 1979 with a 0.75-meter
diameter oceanographic plankton net (No.00, 0.75 m mesh). Each sample-consisted of a 5-minute circular tow at 3 to 4 knots. Samples were collected at the surface and bottom of each station. ' Sampling was conducted at the following stations during the following years: 1974, Stations 8 and 12; 1975, Stations 8, 12, and Toussaint Reef (Figure 15); 1976, Stations 3, 8, 13, 26, 28, 29, and Toussaint Reef; 1977, 1978 and 1979, Stations 3, 8, 13, 29, and Toussaint Reef. Toussaint Reef was used for comparisons since the Ohio Division of Wildlife considers it a spawning location. Each sample was preserved in 5 percent formalin and returned to the laboratory for sorting and analysis. Samples were generally collected at approximately 10-day intervals from April through August. Sampling was terminated at the end of August to add a marg h of safety to the USEPA (Grosse Ile Office) sampling program for the Western Basin of Lake Erie which terminated each year in July (Table 39). From 1974 to 1976, a single sample was collected at each depth of each station, and results were reported as the number of individuals per 5-minute tow. In 1977,1978 and 1979, duplicate samples were collected at the surface and bottom of each station, and the net was equipped with a calibrated General Oceanics flowmeter to il f ow presentation of the results as the number of individuals per 100 m of water. All specimens were identified and enumerated using the works of Fish (1932), Norden (1961a and b), and Nelson and Cole (1975).
)
Results The results of the ichthyoplankton analyses have been thoroughly described in the semi-annual reports (1974 - 1976) and annual reports (1977,1978, and 1979) of the Toledo Edison Company to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission. Sincg the reporting of results changed (catch per unit effort vs. no./100 m ) during the course of the study, direct comparisons of results from 1977, 1978, and 1979 with those of the early pre-operational years, 1974 - 1976, are not pssible. However, comparisons of the relative portions of the total density constituted by each species are possible. Ichthyoplankton populations varied greatly from 1974 - 1979. Emerald shiners constituted 81 percent of the 1974 larvae,1 percent of the 1975 larvae, 60 percent of the 1976 larvae, 3 percent of the 1977 larvae, 14 percent of the 1978 larvae, and 3 percent of the 1979 larvae. Yellow perch constituted 5 percent of the 1974 larvae, 70 percent of the 1975 larvae, 4 percent of the 1976 larvae, 26 percent of the 1977 iarvae, 2 percent of the 1978 larvae, and 11 percent of the 1979 larvae. Gizzard shad appear to nave increased significantly, reaching 34 percent of the 1976 larvae, 56 percent of the 1977 larvae, 69 percent of the 1978 larvae, and 82 percent of the 1979 larvae. It is felt that the above described variability is largely due to the fact that schooling populations are being sampled. Consequently, when the net is drawn through a school the density appears quite h1gh. This is also quite dependent on the :.easonal frequency , of sampling. For example, if the weather allows more frequent spring sampling but prohibits summer sampling, then spring species such as perch and walleye appear relatively more abundant.
l l ( Nineteenseventy-eightwasthesecondyearthatwalleicconsNituted a significant portion of the catch. However, as notad in 1977, adult i populations throughout the Western Basin are increasing greatly- (Scholl, f. These walleye larvae contributed to the 53 percent 3inem ase 1978). 37.0/100 m ) to 1978 'y observed (mean density in larval
= 56.6/100 densitief).from m However, 1977 gizzard(mean density shad =
were the'majgr source i of this increafe as their mean densities increased from 20.7/100,m in 1977 ' /l to 38.9/100 m 3 i n 1978. h How pe i from 9.5/100 m i n 1977 to 1.2/100 m[ch densities decreasedissignificantly in 1978. This decrease similar to ' that observed by the Ohio Division of Wildlife for the adult ccpulation
- (Scholl,1979).
' The 1979 ichthyoplankton density ( .79/100 m3) was' '18 . percent 3reater than the 1978 density (56.6/100 Although walleye densities decreased from 6.1/100 m )to(Reutter,19f,9). 0.15/100 m tnelosswag morethanoffsetbyye}lowperchdensitieswhichincreasedfrom.1.2/100n , t in1978to7.46fl00m in 1979 and gizzard shad densities which 1ncreased . from 38.9/100 m in 1978 to 54.64/100 3m in 1979. It appears that walleye and yellow perch densities will fluctuate yearly, however, a definite
- increasing trend is emerging for gizzard shad densities. -
/
In 1976, control stations (3 and 29) were established on either-side
- of the intake (Station 3)/ discharge complex (Station 13) to determine if ,
- unusually large fish larvae populations were occurring due to possible i spawninc in the rip-rap matarial around these structures. This does.not 1 appear to be occurring to any significant degree as Station 13 (plume area)
' exhibited densities similar to Station 3 (control), and Station 8 (intake) exhibited the lowest densities. These lower densities observed at Station ,
8 are probably due to the fact that this station is the f arthest frcm shore - and in the deepest water. - Appraisal Ichthyoplankton at Locust Point in the vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, was sampled for two major reasons: 1) to determine if unit operation had a significant effect on~dansities in the , . area; and 2)to provide the ichthyoplankton densities to be used for the . - l antrainment estimates. The first~ goal of the program is reasonabia, and I Reutter (1980b) stated, "due to the' similarity between test and control " i stations, there is no indication that the activities of the plant have l significantly altered these populations." To . date, this ' assessment is true. However, on the 20. sampling dates during the operational study, the
- unit was operating at over 90 percent capacity on 3 dates, 40 percent ,
capacity on another, 39 percent espacity on another one,- 29 percent ' capacity on another, and not operating 'on the remaining 14. s l The second reason for sampling ichthyoplankton is no longer valid.as , these results will not be used for entrainment estimates. Reutter and' Cooper (1978) demonstrated that night samples at Locust Point produced ( density estimates 13.1 times greater than day-estimates. Consequently, a j .
/ ,
,_ .--3_-- .- - , , , , , - . . . . . . _ . _ , ,,,,,_..,,y_,.,I , _ - _
.w %__ ,-_g. ,_,,.% ,,,,.,,_[ '
.._[ _
,v.- . ~ . . . _ , . ~ , . . - _ , . . . -
f W, - i f 4 7/ ' y
/
night ichthhoplankton sampling program was initiated, the results of which were to be used to estimate entrainment losses at the unit. )
~ ,
i (, Fish Egg and Larvae Entrainment i Procedures J.: '
/ Fish egg and larvae (ichthyoplankton) entrainment at the Davis-Besse
( Nuclear Powerobserved Station was computed
. concentration at Station 8 by (multiplying intake) by the the ichthyoplankton intake volume.
--Ichthyoplankton densities were determined at approximately 10-day i
intervals from April - August of 1978 and 1979 from four 3-minute, oblique (bottom to surface) tows at 3 - 4 knots made at night on each date (Tables 40 and 41) with a 0.75 meter diameter heavy-duty oceanographic plankton net (No. 00, 0.75 mm mesh) equipped with a calibrated General Oceanics flowmeter. Oblique tows were selected as this is the technique required at , intakes'en Lake Erie by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Fish l and Wildlife Service. Night sampling is also required by these agencies to
- minimize et avoidance by larvae and to more accurately assess populations offspecies which may cling to the bottom during daylight. Samples were preserved in 5% formalin and returned to the laboratory for sorting and analysis. All specimens were identified and enumerated using the works of Fish 1975). Densities 7
were (1932), presented Norden (1961aofand as number b), and Nelson ichthyoplankters perand 100Cole m 3(of water
, 9
~
g From the above estimates it was possible to detennine an approximate ,
, period of occurrence for each species and a mean density during that
'j period. Far example, during 1978 walleye were not found on April 30 or on June 7 or later (Table 40). They were present in samples from May 11 and
'May 21. Therefore, the period of occurrence was estimated to have been
from May 6 (the midpoint between April 30 and May 11) to May 30 (the i midpoint between May 21 and June 7) (Table 42). The mean pensity of
' walleye during this period was estimated jo have been 41.6/100 m , computed
$ '/ from the concentration ojf 79.2/100 m observed on May 11 and the f' f concentratjonof4.0/100m observed on May 21. It was this concentration, J, 41.6/100 m , which was multiplied by the volume of water drawn through the e' plant from May 6 to May 30. The same procedure was used in 1979 (Table 43). The daily intake volume was computed by multiplying the 411y discharge volume by 1.3. The daily intake volumes were then added for all days within the period of occurrence of the species in question to determine the t total intake volume during the period. All specimens were vouchered and y- all data were keypunched and stored at The Ohio State University's Center for Lake Erie Area Research, Columbus, Ohio.
- , Results I No pre-operational comparisons can be made since entrainment is associated with unit operation. Furthermore, since the operational period began in September 1977 (after the spawning season), no entrainment of fish y', and eggs occurred until 1978. 3 a d~
9
/
/
_ _ _ - _- ~-- - _ - _ _ . - . - - - - - - - -.- Ichthyoplankton densities observed at Station 8 (intake) during 1978
! indicated that ichthyoplankters were entrained at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station from May 6 to August 17 (Table 40). May 6 was selected as the
- first day since it is midway between April 30 and May 11. August 17 was selected as the last day because larvae were present in night samples on August 11 (Table 40) but were absent from day samples at Station 8 on
, August 23 and later. I During g978 the mean larvae density from all night samples at Station 8 (47.5/100 m ) was 49 percent greater th the mean density from all day , samples collected at Station 8 (31.9/100 m ). Gizzard shad constituted 69 percent of the night ichthyoplankton population, followed by walleye at 22
- percent, and emerald shiners at 5 percent (Table 40).
): Based on the above results (Table 40), it is estimated that 6,311,371 larvae and 44,278 eggs were entrained at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1978 (Table 42). Of this total, gizzard shad constituted 76 percent, walleye 15 percent, and emerald shiners 5 percent. Ichthyoplankton densities observed at Station 8 (intake) during 1979 indicated that ichthyoplankters were entrained at the Davis-Besse Nucletr l Power Station from 26 April to 9 August (Table 41). April 26 was selected as the first day because several walleye were collected on the first sampling date (1 May) and 26 April is half of one sampling interval (10 days)aheadofthisfirstcollection. It should also be noted that in 1978 . no ichthyoplankters were collected prior to 11 May. August 9 was selected
, as the last day since it is midway between 3 August, the last sampling date i on which larvae were present, and 15 August, a sampling date on which no ichthyoplankters were collected.
During 1939 the mean larvae density from all night samples at Station 4 8 (142.97/100 samples collected m at
) was 2.98times Station (36.7/100 greater m thy).the Gizzardmean shad density constituted from 50 all day ! percent of the night ichthyoplankton population, f0llowed by eme'rald shiners at 32 percent, yellow perch at 8 percent, freshwater drum at 5 percent, and smelt at 4 percent (Table 41).
Based on the results in Table 41, it is estimated that 20,620,799 i larvae and 101,405 e Station during 1979 Table (ggs were 43). entrained Of this total, at the gizzard Davis-Besse Nuclear 49 shad constituted Power percent, emerald shiners 33 percent, yellow perch 8 percent, freshwater drum 5 percent, and rainbow smelt 4 percent. 't i Appraisal Ichthyoplankton entrainment at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1978 and 1979 was typical for an intake on the south shore of the Western Basin of Lake Erie -- it was strongly dominated by gizzard shad. As explained in the ichthyoplankton section of this report, gizzard shad are on the increase and, consequently, it would not be surprising if they
, represented an aven greater portion of the entrainment in future years.
Walleye and perch populations appear to be fluctuating. They will j obviously be entrained at this station. However, the number could vary greatly from year to year. a 1
-.,,...-,,-..-n_ , , . - . . , . - , - . , - - , , , - - . - , , - . , . , - - -- , - , , , . , , - - ,
One way to put entrainment losses into perspective is to look at fecundity. Based on an average of 300,000 eggs / female gizzard shad 1 (Hartley and Herdendorf,1977), the 4,796,964 larvae entrained during 1978 could have been produced by 16 females; based on an average of 331,000 eggs / female walleye (Hartley and Herdendorf, 1977), the 916,738 larvae entrained during 1978 could have been produced by 3 females; and based on 44,000 eggs / female yellow perch (Hartley and Herdendorf, 1977) the 35,259 larvae entrained during 1978 could have been produced by 1 female. In actuality, the above estimates of the number of females required to produce the entrained larvae are quite low since they do not take mortality from eggs to larvae into account. If we assume 99 percent mortality from eggs to larvae to be safe (90 percent is probably more reasonable) then the entrained larvae could have been produced by 1,600 gizzard shad, 300 walleyes, and 100 perch. These values are less than 0.1 percent of the number of perch and walleye captured by Ohio sport fishermen in 1978 (Scholl,1979). Furthermore, if one looks at the worst case, the value for the upper 95 percent confidence limit and assumes 99 percent mortality frcm eggs to larvae, the losses of perch and walleye larvae are still less than 0.25 percent of the number lost due to harvesting by Ohio sport fishermen. Another way to detennine the impact of entrainment losses is to estimate the number of adults the entrained larvae might have produced had they lived. This technique requires some knowledge of the mortality between larval stages and between year classes. Patterson (1976) has developed such estimates for yellow perch, and, since it is in the same family, the estimates will also be used here for walleye. Several assumptions,are involved. ) I. All entrained larvae are killed. . II. All larvae lost by entrainment are in their late larval stage. This provides a conservative or high estimate because it does not account for early larval mortality which may range from 83-96 percent (Patterson, 1976). II1. Yellow perch become vulnerable to commercial capture, and reach sexual maturity at age class III. IV. A ene percent survival rate from late larvae to age III adults is assumed. Again, this is conservative since survival rates from: late larvae to YOY = 4 to 17 percent; YOY to age class I = 12 to 33 percent; age class I to age class II = 38 percent; age class II to age class III = 38 percent (Patterson,1976, and Brazo, et 31,.,1975). 1 This trend translates to a survivorship ranging from 0.1 percent to one percent over the period from the late larval stage to age class III. Based on the above assumptions, in 1978 the 916, 738 entrained I walleye larvae might have produced 917-9,167 age class III adults and the
35,259 entrained yellow perch larvae might have produced 35-353 age class III adults. In 1979, the 41,648 entrained walleye larvae might have produced 42 - 416 age class III adults and the 1,595,066 entrained yellow perch larvae might have produced 1,595 -15,951 age class III adults. The author feels little weight should be placed on the above impact assessments since they are based on the number of entrained larvae which can vary greatly from year to year depending on the success of the hatch which in turn is dependent upon the size of the brood stock and weather conditions during spawning and incubation. In the case of Davis-Besse, the off '.hore intake where larvae densities are lower and the low volume intake (1978 mean = 21,389 gpm) due to the cooling tower and closed cycle cooling system will always result in a very low-level impact on Western Basin fish populaticos. Fish Impinaement Procedures As was the case with entrainment, impingement is an ooerational phenomenon and, consequently, pre-operational comparisons are impossible. . Furthermore, since estimates are available for only a small portion of 1977 (Reutter, 1978), and since impingement should be viewed for an entire year to allow for seasonal interpretations, only the 1978 and 1979 results will be diset.ssed. Between January 1 and December 31, 1978 the traveling screens at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station were operated 221 times, while between
' January 1 and December 31, 1979 the screens were operated 272 times. The date, time, and duration of each screen operation were recorded and keypunched, even when the impinged fish were not collected (Tables 44 and 45). Collections of irrpinged fish were made by Toledo Edison personnel during 144 of the 221 screen operations during 1978 and on 134 of the 272 screen operations in 1979 by placing a screen having the same mesh size as the traveling screens ( -inch bar mesh) in the sluiceway through which the backwashed material passed. Fish collected in this manner were placed in plastic bags, labeled with the date and time of screen operation, and frozen. The samples were picked up by personnel of The Ohio State University's Center for Lake Erie Area Research (CLEAR) weekly. All specimens, or a representative number thereof, were also weighed and measured.
In addition to the information pertinent to traveling screen operation, the total number and total weight of each species and the length and weight of each individual fish were also keypunched. All these data were stored on magnetic tape at The Ohio State University for use with the Statistical Analysis Systein: SAS (Barr et al.,1976) on an AMDAHL 370 computer. . Since the time and duration of every screen operation was known, it was possible to determine the number of hours represented by each collection. From this a rate, fish impinged / hour, was developed and used to estimate impingement on days when samples were not collected.
Results A total of 6,607 fish representing 20 species was impinged on the traveling screens at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station from January 1 through December 31, 1978 (Table 46). Goldfish was the dominant species impinged representing 49.9 percent of the total. Only 6 other species represented more than 1 percent of the total: yellow perch, 23.9 percent; emerald shiner,15.0 percent; gizzard shad, 5.9 percent; black crappie, j 1.2 percent; freshwater drum,1.2 percent; and rainbow smelt,1.0 percent. l A total of 4,385 fish representing 19 species was impinged on the traveling screens at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station frcm January 1 through December 31, 1979 (Table 47). Goldfish was the dcminant species impinged representing 78.6 percent of the total. Only 4 other species represented more than 1 percent of the total: yellow perch, 6.5 percent; emerald shiner, 4.9 percent; gizzard shad, 3.7 percent; and freshwater drum, 2.6 percent. Impingement was also computed on a monthly basis (Tables 48 and 49). Most of the impingement during 1978 occurred during April (43.5 percent) and December (35.3 percent). Of the 2,875 fish estimated to have been impinged during April, 834 (29.0 percent) were emerald shiners, 799 (27.8 percent) were goldfish, and 1,098 (38.2 percent) were yellow perch. Of the 0 2,330 fish estimated to have been impinged during December, 1,870 (80.3 1 percent) were goldfish and 360 (15.5 percent) were gizzard shad. , Most of the impingement during 1979 accurred during January (55.4 l percent) and April (17.2 percent). Of the 2,429 fish estimated to have been impinged during January, 2,218 (91.3 percent)weregoldfish,103.(4.2 percent) were freshwater drum, and 30 (1.8 percent) were gizzard shad. Of the 753 fish estimated to have been impinged in April, 333 (44.2 percent) l were goldfish, 200(26.6 percent) were yellow perch, and 184(24.4 percent) l were emerald shiners. Aporaisal l l With the exception of the blackside darter and the bluntnose minnow, all species impinged at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station have been l captured within the past 17 years at Locust Point (Table 4). However, both ! the blackside darter and bluntnose minnow have been reported from the island area of Lake Erie and most of the tributaries, including the Toussaint River and Turtle Creek near Locust Point (Trautman, 1957). With the exception of goldfish, black and brown bullheads, and black and white crappies, the impinged fish occurred in relative nabers which were not unusual for populations in Lake Erie at Locust Point. These five species occurred in relative proportions well above that of the open lake. This indicates probable use of the intake canal as a permanent residence for these species. Furthermore, due to the small sizes of these fish (they were young-of-the-year) and results from previous trawling efforts
(Reutter and Herdendorf,1975), it appears i at these species are also i spawning within the intake canal and, consequently, these losses should not be considered as a negative impact on the lake populations of these I species. Impingement losses at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1978 and 1979 were extremely low even when compared to other plants on th? l Western Basin with lower generating capacities (Reutter et al.,1978). Tables 50 - 52 present sport and commercial fish landings from the Ohio waters of Lake Erie and comercial landings from all of Lake Erie. Table 50 presents only 1978 results because 1979 sport fishing harvest estimates are not available for all species. However, they would probably have been , i higher than 1978 because commercial fishing harvests increased by 13 percent from 1978 to 1979, and because the sport harvest of walleye increased from 1,652,000 in 1978 to 3,351,000 in 1979 (Ohio Department of NaturalResources,1980). Although the fish impinged at Davis-Besse were primarily YOY (mean length, 74 m and 71 mm in 1978 and 1979) and, consequently, much more abundant than the adults taken by comercial and sport fishe. men, the total number impinged (including gizzard shad and goldfish which are not taken by sport fishermen) was only 0.04 percent i (1978) and 0.03 percent (1979) of the nu:nber harvested by Onio sport fishermen in 1978. This figure becomes even less significant when one realizes that the Ohio sport catch was only 83.4 percent of the Ohio 1978 comercial catch and only 15.9 percent of the 1978 commercial catch from all of Lake Erie (Tables 50 - 52). The above compariscns make it obvious that impingement losses at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station have an insignificant. effect on Lake Erie fish stocks and further justification of this is unnecessary. However, it should be, noted that although by number impingement losses were 0.04 percent (1978) and 0.03 percent (1979) of the Ohio 1978 sport fishing . harvest, by weight impingement was less than 0.001 (1978 and 1979) percent of the Ohio sport harvest. Furthermore, based on the estimates of Patterson (1976) (see Entrainment Section) the impingement of 1,582 young-of-the-year yellow perch (1978), a species which is very important to sport and comercial fishermen, might result in the loss of only 28 - 75 adults which is from 0.0002 to 0.0007 percent of the number captured by Ohio sport fishermen in 1978, while the impingement of 285 young-of-the-year perch in 1979 might result in the loss of 5-16 adults, which is from 0.00004 to 0.0001 percent of the total number of perch captured by Ohio sport fishermen in 1978. It should also be noted that no walleye were impinged. The obvious conclusion is that impingement losses at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1, have an insignificant effect on Western Basin fish stocks. Furthermore, although the plant did not operate at full capacity during much of these years, the circulating pumps were operated, and consequently, impingement estimates are based on the entire 2-year period and not just dates of generator operation. ( ,
f LITERATURE CITED American Public Health Association. 1975. Standard Methods for ti:s Examination of Water and Wastewater. 13th ed. APHA, New York. 847 P. American Society for Testing and Materials. 1973. Annual book of ASTM standards, part 23, water; atmospheric analysis. ASTM, Philadelphia. 1108 p. Bailey, R.M., J.E. Fitch, E.S. Herald, E.A. Lachner, C.C. Lindsey, R.C. Robins, and W.B. Scott. 1970. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Third ed. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. No. 6. 150 p. Barr, J., J.H. Goodnight, J.P. Sall, and J.T. Helwig. 1976. A user's guide to SAS 76. SAS Institute, Inc., Raleigh, N.C. 329 pp. Brazo, D.C., P.I. Tack, and C.R. Liston. 1975. Age, growth, and fecundity of yellow perch, Perca flavescens, in Lake Michigan near Ludington, Michigan. Proc. Am. Fish. Soc. 104:727. I Britt, N.W. 1955. New methods of collecting bottom fauna from shoals or rubble bottoms of lakes and streams. Ecology 36(3):524-525.
- Fish, M.P. 1932. Contributions to the early life histories of 62 species of fishes from Lake Erie and its tributary waters. Bur. Fish. Bull.
Wash. 0.C. 47:293-398. Hartley, S.'M. and C.E. Herdendorf. 1977. Spawning ecology of Lake Erie fishes. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. CLEAR Tech. Rept. No. 62. 10 pp. Herdendorf, C.E. 1970. Limnological investigations of the spawning reefs and adjacent areas of western Lake Erie with speciaT attention to their physical characteristics. Dissertation. The Ohio State University. 203 pp. Herdendorf, C.E. 1975. Shoreline changes of Lakes Erie and Ontario. Bull. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Sci. 25(3):43-76. Herdendorf, C.E. and L.L. Braidech. 1972. Physical characteristics of the reef area of western Lake Erie. Ohio Dept. Nat. Res., Div. Geological Survey Rept. Invest. 82. 90 pp. Herdendorf, C.E. and E.M. Hair. 1972. Aquatic biology of Lake Erie in the vicinity of Locust Point, Ohio. The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, Ohio. CLEAR Tech. Rept. No. 23. 30 pp. .
, y.- _ m
l LITERATURE CITED (cont'd)
, Muth, K.M. 1980. Commercial fish production from Lake Erie, 1979. USFWS Special Report for Annual Meeting Lake Erie Committee Great Lakes Fishing Comnission Ann Arbor, Michigan. March 18-19, 1980. 22 p.
Nelson, D.D. and R.A. Cole. 1975. The distribution and abundance of larval fishes along the western shore of Lake Erie at Monroe, Michigan. Michigan State Univ., Inst. Water Res., Tech. Rept. No. 32.4. 66 p. Norden, C.R.. 1961a. A key to larval fishes from Lake Erie. Univ. of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette. 4 p. Norden, C.R. 1961b. The identification of larval perch, Perca flavescens, and walleye, Stizostedion n vitreum. Copeia 1961:282-288. Ohio Department of Natural Resources. 1980. Status of Ohio's Lake Erie Fisheries. Ohio Division of Wildlife Publication. 18 p. Patterson, R.L. 1976. Analysis of losses in standing crop and fishery yields of yellow perch in the western basin of Lake Erie due to
' entrainment and impingement mortality at the Detroit Edison Monroe Power Plant, large Lakes Research Station. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Grosse lle, Mich.
Reutter, J.M. 1976. Environmental evaluation of.a nuclear power plant on Lake Erie: Predicted aquatic impacts. Ph.D. Dissertation. The Ohio State University. Columbus, Ohio. 242 pp. Reutter, J.M. 1978. Fish impingement at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1977. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. CLEAR Tech. Rept. No. 83. 10 pp. Reutter, J.M. 1979. Ichthyoplankton studies from Lake Erie near the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1978. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio CLEAR Tech. Rept. No.108. 9 pp. Reutter, J.M. 1980a. Benthic macroinvertebrate populations in Lake Erie near the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1979. The Ohio State University, Columbus 3 Ohio. CLEAR Tech. Rept. No. 161. 8 pp. Reutter, J.M. 1980b. Ichthyoplankton studies from Lake Erie near the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1979. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. CLEAR Tech. Rept. No.163. 14 p. Reutter, J.M. and C.L. Cooper. 1978. Comparison of ichthyoplankton densities in day and night samples from Locust Point, Lake Erie. Ohio J. Sci. 78 (Supplement):6(Abstract). Reutter, J.M. and J.W. Fletcher. 1980. Phytoplankton and zooplankton densities from Lake Erie near the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1979. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. CLEAR Tech. Rept. No. 160. 27 pp.
LITERATURE CITED (cont'd) Reutter, J.M. and C.E. Herdendorf. 1975. Pre-Operational aquatic ecology monitoring program for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit I. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Progress Rept. July 1 - Dec. 31, 1974. Toledo Edison Co. 123 pp. Reutter, J.M. and C.E. Herdendorf. 1976. Pre-Operational aquatic ecology monitoring program for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit I. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. Progress Rept. July 1 - Dec. 31, 1975. Toledo Edison Co. 156 pp. Reutter, J.M., C.E. Herdendorf, and G.W. Sturm. 1978. Impingement and entrainment studies at the Acme Pcwer Station, Toledo Edison Company 316(b) program,TaskII. The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. CLEAR Tech. Rept. No. 78a. 161 pp. Scholl, R.R. 1978. Status of Ohio's Lake Erie fisheries: January 1978. Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Div. of Wildlife. 20 pp. - Scholl, R.L. 1979. Status of Ohio's Lake Erie fisheries: January 1979. Ohio Dept. Nat. Res. Div. of Wildlife. 18 pp. Trautman, M.B. 1957. The Fishes of Ohio. The Ohio State Univ. Press, Columbus, Ohio. 683 pp. U.S. Atomic Energy Comission. 1973. Final environmental statement . related to contruction of Davis-Besse nuclear power station. U.S.1.R.C. Directorate of Licensing, Wash., D.C. Docket No. 50-346, 270 pp. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1974. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. EPA Analytical Control Laboratory, Cincinnati, Ohio 125 pp. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Comission. 1975. Final environmental statement ; related to operation of Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1. U.S.N.R.C., Wash., D.C. Docket No. 50-346. 134 pp. I Welch, P.W. 1948. Limnological Methods. McGraw-Hill, New York. 381 p.
TABLES C 1 e i 1
TABLE 1 MILESTONES FOR THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION, UNIT 1 Date Event February 1968 Public announcement of project August 1, 1969 File PSAR with AEC May 1, 1970 Site preparation begun March 24, 1971 Construction permit issued December 7, 1972 Reactor vessel arrived on site by barge December 8, 1972 Operating license application (FSAR) filed with AEC March 9, 1973 FSAR docketed (.No. 50-346) June 15, 1973 Initiated aquatic ecology monitoring program December 8, 1975 Begin fuel receipt at station August 29, I??7 Commence operation e l l
. \
l
l l TABLE 2 CALCULATED INTAKE CRIB VELOCITIES FOR UNIT 1 FOR VARIOUS PUMPING RATES Pumping Rate Intake Velocity (ggm) (mgd) (ft/sec) r 0 0 0.00 5,000 7.2 0.03 10,000 14.4 0.06 15,000 21.6 0.09 20,000 28.8 0.12 25,000 36.0 0.15 30,000 43.2 0.18 35,000 50.4 0.21 40,000 57.6
; ( 24 45,000 64.8 0.27 50,000 72.0 0.30 55,000 79.2 0.33 60,000 86.4 0.36 65,000 93.6 0.39 70,000 100.8 0.42 75,000 108.0 0.45 80,000 115.2 0.48 85,000 122.4 0.51 90,000 129.6 0.54 95,000 136.8 0.57 100,000 144.0 0.60
TABLE 3 MONTHLY PUMPING RATES AND CALCULATED VELOCITIES AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION WATER INTAKE CRIB FOR 1978 Maximum Minimum tiean Total Pumping Velocity Pumping Velocity Pumping Velocity Millions Month Rate Rate Rate of (mgd) (ft/sec) (mgd) (ft/sec) (mgd) (ft/sec) gallons January 34.6 0.14 23.4 0.10 29.6 0.12 918.8 February 40.0 0.17 21.5 0.09 , 32.0 0.13 895.4 March 52.4 0.22 22.1 0.09 34.2 0.14 1059.9 April 56.2 0.23 23.0 0.10 38.1 0.16 1142.7 [ May 44.3 0.18 21.5 0.09 25.4 0.11 785.9 ]' June 23.0 0.10 14.7 0.06 21.3 0.09 639.6 July 43.2 0.18 21.5 0.09 33.4 0.14 1035.7 August 53.8 0.22 10.4 0.05 38.9 0.16 1205.0 . September 107.5 0.45 49.8 0.21 73.5 0.31 2203.5 October 64.6 0.27 36.1 0.15 55.6 0.23 1724.8 November 69.3 0.29 41.7 0.17 55.3 0.23 1657.5 December 83.5 0.35 25.7 0.11 43.3 0.18 1341.6 Annual 107.5 0.45 10.4 0.05 40.0 0.17 13268.8 . W
( TABLE . 4 1 i SPECIES FOUND IN THE LOCUST POINT AREA 1963 - 1979
$ h-h h
h SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME Amiidae l
* *
- Amia calva bowfin Atherinidae
* * * *
- Labidesthes sicculus brook silverside Catostomidae
* * * *
- Carpiodes cyprinus quillback
* * * * * * *
- Catostomus commersoni white sucker
- Minytrema melanops spotted sucker
- Moxostoma erytilrurum golden redhorse
*
- Moxostoma macrolepidotum shorthead redhorse
- Ictiobus cyprinellus bigmouth buffalo
- Hypentelium nigricans northern hogsucker i
i Centrarchidae '
- Ambloplites rupestris rockbass l
* *
- Lepomis cyanellus green sunfish
*
- L. gibbosus pumpkinseed
*
- C humilis orangespotted sunfish
*
- C macrochirus bluegill
- C microlophus redear sunfish
* * *
- Fficropterus dolomieui smallmouth bcss
*
- M. salmoides largemouth bass
* * * * * *
- Fomoxis annularis white crappie
* * * * * * *
- P. nigromaculatus black crappie Clupeidae
* * * * * * *
- Alosa pseudoharenaus alewife
* * * * * * *
- Dorosoma cepedianum gizzard shad Cyprinidae
* * * * * * *
- Carassius auratus goldfish
* *
- C. auratus x Cyprinus carpio carp x goldfish hybrid
* * * * * * * * 'Ciprinus carpio carp silver chub
* * * * * *
- Hybopsis storeriana
- Notemigonus crysoleucas goldenshiner .
* * * * * * *
- Notropis atherinoides emerald shiner
* * * * * * *
- N. hudsonius spettail shiner
* * * *
- E spilopterus spotfin shiner
*
- E volucellus mimic shiner
(
- PTmephales notatus bluntnose minnow
- L promelas fathead minnow
~ _
TABLE 4 (CON'T) 1 SPECIES FOUND IN THE LOCUST POINT AREA 1963 - 1979 $ 3 h SCIENTIFIC NAME C0l@!ON NAME Esocidae
- Esox lucius northern pike
- Esox masquinongy muskellunge Ictaluridae
* * *
- Ictalurus melas black bullhead
- * * *
- I. natalis yellow bullhead
- * * * * * *
- E nebulosus brown bullhead
- * * * * * *
- E punctatus channel catfish T6turus flavus stonecat Lepisosteidae
* *
- Lepisosteus osseus_ longnose gar Osmeridae ,
- * * * * * *
- Osmerus mordax rainbow smelt )
Percidae
*
- Etheostoma nigrum johnny darter
- * * * * * *
- Perca flavescens yellow perch
* * * * *
- Percina caprodes logperch
* * *
- St4zostedian canadense sauger S. E vitreum walleye Percichthyidae
- Morone americana white perch
* * * * * * *
- L chrysops white bass Percopsidae
* * * * * *
- Percopsis omiscomaycus trout-perch Petromyzantidae
- Petromyzon marinus sea lamprey Salmonidae
- Oncorhynchus kisutch coho salmon Sciaenidae
* * * * * * *
- Aplodinotus grunniens freshwater drum 2 2 M R $ E $S I Includes species collected in Federal Aid Project F-41-R at Locust Point
1 ,- ... _ l TABLE 5 PROCEDURES FOR WATER QUALITY DETERMINATION 1 Parameter Units References for Analytical Methads
- 1. Dissolved Oxygen "C APHA (1975): Sec. 4228
- 2. Hydrogen-lons (pH) pH units ASTM (1973): 01293-65
- 3. Transparency meters Welch (1948): Secchi disk
- 4. Turbidity F.T U. APHA (1975): Sec. 214A
- 5. Suspended Solids ag/l APHA (1975): Sec. 2080
- 6. Conductivity umhos/cm(25"C) ASTM (9175): D1125-64 l 7. Dissolved Solids ag/l USEPA (1974)
- 8. Calcium (Ca) mg/l APHA (1975): Sec. 306C i 9. Chloride (Cl) mg/l APHA (1975): Sec. 4088 l
- 10. Sulfate (504 ) mg/l ASTM (1973): D516-68C
- 11. Sodium (Na) mg/l ASTM (1973): D1428-64
- 12. Magnesium (Hg) mg/l APHA (1975)
- Sec. 313C
- 13. Alkalinity (Total as CACO3) mg/l APHA (1975): Sec. 403
- 14. Nitrate (NO3) mg/l ASTM (1973): D992-71
- 15. Phosphorus (Total as P) mg/l APHA (1975): Sec. 425F
- 16. Silica (SiO2) mg/l ASTM (1973): D859-688
- 17. Biochemical Oxygen Demand ag/l APHA (1975): Sec. 507
- 18. Temperature C APHA (1975): Sec. 212 I
O I
TABLE 6 DISSOLVED OXYGEN DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE.(STA. N0. 8) Pre-Operational Da,ta (ppm) Operational Data (ppm) _ ' Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 11.8- '11.8 11.8 0.0 - - - - 9.5 9.5 9.5 0.0 April 11.0 13.2 11.9 ,0.9 May 7.2 10.4 9.1 1.4 9.2 12.4 10.8- 2.3
. June 7.0 10.2 8.1 1.5 7.2 8.8 8.0 1.1 July 4.8 8.9 6.6 1.7 6.1 7.6 6. 9- 1.1 August 6.0 9.1 7.4 1.3 8.3 8.4 8.4 0.1 September 8.6 9.3 8.9 0.4 8.2 9.2 9.1 0.1 10.0 11.2 10.5' O.6 9.5 11.4 10.7 1.0 October 11.0 12.1 11.5 0.6 10.2 12.2 11.5 1.1 November 11.4 14.1 12.8 1.9
- - - - )
0:cember . fiean 9.9 2.1 9.4 1.6 l DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) March 11,3 11,3 11,3 0,0 - - - April 11.8 12.8 12.3 0.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 O May 10.0 9.4 0.6 9.0 12.0 10.5 2.1 8.6 June 10.1 8.5 1.4 5.7 8.5 7.1 2.0 6.8 July 4.5 8.4 6,6 1.6 8.3 8.8 8.6 0.4 August 6.6 9.3 7.7 1.2 8.1 8.2 8.2 0.1 , l Ssptember 8.2 9.3 8.6 0.G 8.~ 7 9.2 8.6 0.4 October 10.4 11.3 11.3 0.8 10.4 11.5 11.0 0.6 Nsvember 11.3 12.2 11.7 0.5 4.8 12.1 9.6 4.2 j December 14.1 10.2 12.2 2.76 - - . Yean _ in.0 2.1 0.1 1.3 l
TA8LE 7 ( HYDROGEN-IONS (pH) DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (pH units) Operational Data (pH units) i Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 8 .1- 8.1 8.1 0.0 - - - - April 7.7 8.3 8'.1 , 0.3 8.1 8.1 8.1 0.0 May 7.8 8.4 8.2 0.3 7.7 8.0 '7.9 0.2 ? June 8.0 8.6 8.3 0.3 8.3 8.6 8.5 0.2 July 8.1 9.0 8.5 0.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 0.0 August 8.5 8.9 .8.8 0.2 8.7 8.7 8.7 0.0 September 7.8 8.6 8.2 0.4 8.6 8.8 8.7 0.1 October 8.2 8.9 8.6 0.4 8.0 8.8 8.a 0.4 7.6 8.4 8.0 0.4 7.5 8.0 7.8 0.3 l November December 8.1 8.3 8.2 0.1 - - - - Mean RM n1 - 8.3 0.3 DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) March 7.8 7.8 7.8 0.0 - - - - l April 7.7 8.5 8.1 0.4 8.1 8.1 8.1 0.0 l May 7.8 8.6 8.3 0.3 7.5 8.3 7.9 0.6 June 7.8 8.6 8.3 0.4 8.5 8.6 8.6 0.1 July 8.0 8.7 8.4 0.4 8.1 8.5 8.3 0.3 August 8.0 8.7 8.4 0.3 8.7 8.7 8.7 0.0 September 8.3 8.5 .8.4 0.1 8.5 8.9 8.7 0.2 October 8.4 8.8 8.6 0.2 8.0 8.6 8.2 0.3 Ncvember 7.7 8.4 .8.0 0.7 6.9 8.1 7.6 0.6 December 7.9 8.4 8.2 0.4 - - - - Mean 8.3 0.2 8.3 0.4 4
TABLE 8 TRANSPARENCY DATA FOR WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (m) Operational Data (m) Month Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.00 - - - - April 0.10 0.50 0.34 0.20 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.00 May 0.35 1.00 0.'70 0.30 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.10 June 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.05 0.35 0.45 0.40 0.10 July 0.40 1.10 0.70 0.30 0.75 0.85 0.80 0.10 August 0.45 1.30 0.90 0.40 0.50 0.95 0.70 0.30 September 0.60 0.80 0.70 0.10 0.40 1.15 0.72 0.40 October 0.50 0.80- 0.60 0.17 0.45 0.60 0.53 0.10 November 0.30 0.50 0.43 0.12- 0.35' O.80 0.62 0.20 1 December 0.40 0.40- 0.40 0.00' - - - -
%n 0.55 0.22 0.56 0.18 DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13)
March 0. 10 0.10 0.10 0.00 - - - - April o,10 o,40 0.25 0.13 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.00 May 0.30 0.70 0.60 0.20 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.10 June 0.30 0.50 0.50 0.10 0.30 0.40 0.35 0.10 July 0.30 0.95 0.61 0.33 0.55 0.85 0.70 0.20 i August 0.50 1.00 0.77 0.25 0.45 0.70 0.58 0.20 September 0.50 0.65 0.58 0.08 0.40 1.15 0.68 0.40 October 0.40 0.65 0.53 0.13 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 November 0.30 0.60 0.45 0.15 0.35 0.80 0.55 0.20 December 0,40 0.45 0.43 0.04 - - - - Mean 0.4R 0.19 0.49 0.14
l l l TABLE 9 [ TURBIDITY CATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES F 1 INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (F.T.U.) Operational Data (F.T.U. ) Month Min Max' -Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 145.0 145.0 145.0 0.0 - - - - April 12.0 105.0 46.3 42.8 67.0 67.0 67.0 0.0 May 5.5 21.0 14.9 6.7- 46.0 55.0 50.5 6.4 June 10.0 53.0 26.3 18.6 40.0 57.0 48.5 12.0 July 3.0 53.0 16.9 24.2 14.0 53.0 33.0 26.9 August . 2.0 23.0 10.5 9.0 13.0 18. 0 15.5 3.5 September 5.0 10.0 9.3 4.0 10.0 27.0 18.3 8.5 October 7.0 18.0 11.7 5.7 13.0 32.0 20.7 10.0 13.0 36.0 21.7 12.5 8.0 58.0 26.0 27.8
- i. November
- dicember 16.0 47.0 31.5 21.9' - - -
Maan 33.4 40.8 34.9 18.5 DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) March 148.0 148.0 148.0 0.0 - - - - April 18.0 110.0 54.5 42.7 75.0 75.0 75.0 0.0 May 8.5 28.0 17.9 8.0 52.0 75.0 63.5 16.3 June 7.0 25.0 17.5 8.2 49.0 54.0 51.5 3.5 July 4.5 45.0 19.4 18.6 15.0 34.0 24.5 13.4 August 2.0 . 24.0 12.3 9.5 16.0 17.0 16.5 0.7 Septe=ber 4.0 16.0 10.0 6.0 11.0 47.0 28.7 18.0 October 9.0 22.0 13.7 7.2 7.0 42.0 23.3 17.6 Nsvamber 13.0 33.0 19.7 11.6 8.0 64 0 28.0 31.2 December 21.0 54.0 37.5 23.3 - - - - Mean 35.1 41.9 38.9 21.5 t. l
.- = .- __. _ - ._. _ ..
TABLE 10 . SUSPENDED SOLIDS DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (mg/l) Operational Data (mg/l) Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 148.0 148.0 148.0 0.0 - - - - April 13.0 80.0 46 .8 36.7 50.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 May 10.0 26.0 16.3 7.1 50.0 86.0 68.0 25.5 June 9.0 60.0 30.3 25.1 43.0 63.0 53.0 14.1 July 1.0 33.0 21.3 14.0 10.0 14.0 12.0 2.8 August 8.0 19.0 12.5 5.5 11.0 18.0 14.5 5.0 September 6.0 15.0 10.0 4.6 11.0 37.0 26.0 13.5 October 9.0 14.0 12.0 2.7 18.0 27.0 23.3 4.7 November 11.0 28.0 20.7 8.7 32.0 87.0 68.7 31.8
)
December 17.0 21.0 19.0 2.8' - - - - Mean 33.7 41.6 39.4 23.3 l DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) March 170.0 170.0 170.0 0.0 - - - - April 15.0 101.0 58.5 41.9 59.0 59.0 59.0 0.0 May 17.0 34.0 22.8 7.6 49.0 89.0 69.0 28.3 June 7.0 67.0 35.0 29.5 44.0 56.0 50.0 8.5 July 3.0 52.0 28.5 21.0 16.0 18.0 17.0 1.4 August 8.0 24.0 16.3 7.9 12.0 22.0 17.0 7.1 September 10.0 27.0 17.0 8.9 12.0 104.0 47.3 49.6 October 10.0 26.0 18.0 _8.0 13.0 79.0 40.7 34.3 November 19.0 34.0 25.3 _7.8 27.0 156.0 74.3 71.0 December 23.0 23.0 :23.0 0.0 - - - - Mean 40.4 47.5 46.8 21.5 4 a , , . - - - , ., - - -
TABLE 11 CONDUCTIVITY DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER , IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES _ l INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) l Pre-Operational Data (pmhos/cm) Operational Data (gnhos/cm) i Month Min Max' 11ean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 410.0 410.0 410.0 0.0 - - - - April 287.0 340.0 314.5 27.9 410.0 410.0 410.0 0.0 May 280.0 365.0 310.8 39.0 290.0 320.0 305.0 21.2 June 285.0 310.0 292.8 11.7 295.0 300.0 297.5 3.5 July 260.0 305.0 280.0 22.9 275.0 300.0 287.5 17.7 August 233.0 285.0 253.8 22.1 260.0 295.0 272.5 31.8 September 217.0 267.0 246.3 26.1 222.0 284.0 262.0 34.7 , October 233.0 298.0 272.0 34.4 265.0 350.0 316.7 45.4 Nsvember 230.0 300.0 262.7 35.2 245.0 320.0 278.3 38.2
~
December 283.0 297.0 290.0 9.9 - - - - Mean 293.3 46.8 303.7 46.5 DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) . March 392.0 392.0 392.0 0.0 - - - - April 272.0 360.0 312.8 43.9 435.0 435.0 435.0 0.0 May 270.0 365.0 312.5 42.3 285.0 320.0 302.5 24.8 June 286.0 340.0 309.8 24.9 300.0 303.0 301.5 2.1 July 220.0 300.0 268.5 34.2 275.0 300.0 287.5 17.7 August 245.0 280.0 262.8 17.3 260.0 295.0 277.5 24.8 51ptember 215.0 264.0 244.7 26.1 230.0 315.0 276.3 43.0 October 238.0 324.0 280.7 43.0 265.0- 335.0 310.7 39.6 N vember 230.0 306.0 268.0 38.0 25D.0 330.0 283.3 41.6 December 285.0 300.0 292.5 10.6 - - - - Mean 296.2 39.4 309.3 52.3
.-p
l l l 1 TABLE 12 DISSOLVED SOLIDS DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (mg/1) Operational Data (mg/1) Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 318.0 318.0 318.0 0.0 - - - - April 158.0 284.0 206.0 55.3 140.0 140.0 140.0 0.0 May 124.0 230.0 178.0 47.2 186.0 236.0 211.0 35.4 June 89.0 178.0 131.3 45.3 164.0 180.0 172.0 11.3 July 136.0 180.0 164.5 20.8 174.0 174.0 174.0 0.0 August 152.0 226.0 171.5 36.4 174.0 184.0 179.0 7.1 September 128.0 214.0' 166.0 43.9 146.0 . 180.0 168.0 19.1 October 158.0 186.0 170.7 14.2 146.0 190.0 164.0 23.1 November 140.0 174.0 156.0 17.1- 158.0 184.0 172.7 13.3 December 140.0 160.0 150.0 14.1 - - - - Mean , 181.2 51 a 172.6 19.5 DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) March 310.0 310.0 310.0 0.0 - - - - April 182.0 396.0 244.0 102.4 150.0 150.0 150.0 0.0 May 116.0 232.0 176.0 51.3 192.0 224.0 208.0 22.6 June 90.0 194.0 137.0 51.1 174.0 194.0 196.0 20.7 July 136.0 190.0 164.0 27.0 160.0 182.0 171.0 15.6 August 150.0 228.0 170.0 38.7 178.0 194.0 186.0 11.3 September 140.0 170.0 153.3 15.3 158.0 196.0 176.7 19.0 October 176.0 194,0 182.0 10.4 152.0 178.0 163.3 13.3 November 142.0 184.0 158.0 22.7 162.0 192.0 178.0 15.1 December 148.0 164.0 156.0 11.3- - - Mean 185.0 52.4 178.5 18.3 i 4
TABLE 13 ( CALCIUM DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (mg/1) Operational Data (mg/1) i Min' Mar Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 50.8 50.8 50.8 0.0 - - - . April 32.8 46.4 40.6 6.1 46.4 46.4 46.4 0.0 May 34.0 40.0 37.0 2.6 36.0 38.4 27.2 1.7 June 34.0 38.Q 34.9 1.8 36.8 37.2 37.0 0.3 July 32.0 34.4 33.6 1.1 36.0 36.0 36.0 0.0 August 29.2 39.2 32.8 4.3 32.0 35.6 33.8 2.5 i September 32.0 36.0 33.9 2.0 30.4 34.8 32.8 2.2 October 31.6 37.2 33.9 3.0 32.4 36.8 34.0 2.4 4 , November 31.2 37.6 34.9 3.3 32.8 37.6 35.7 2.6 December 31.2 34.0 32.6 2.0 - - - _ Mean 36.5 5.6 f 16.6 4,3 DISCHARGE (STA. NO.13) l March 50.4 50.4 50.4 0.0 - - - - April '33.6 50.4 41.7 7.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 May 34.0 41.6 37.4 35 36.0 36.0 36.0 0.0 June 34.0 38.4 35.9 1.9 36.8 37.6 37.2 0.6 July 32.0 36.4 34.1 1.9 33.6 38.8 36.2 3.7 August 29.6 40.4 33.6 4.7 33.2 35.6 34.4 1.7 September 32.0 36.0 33.3 2.3 31.2 33.2 32.1 1.0 October 32.0 41.2 34.2 3.9 32.8 36.0 34.1 1.7 November 31.2 34.8 33.2 1.8 32.8 38.8 36.1 3.1 December 31.2 35.2 33.2 2.8 - - - - Mean 36.7 5.5 37.0 5.5 I
. - - -, _ . - . - . _ _ , . _ - . - . - . - - . - _ . . - , - - - . . - - ., . - _ , - - - - _ _ . - . - - - . . - --m
i I i l TABLE 14 CHLORIDE DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER j IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES l INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (mg/l) Operational Data (mg/1) Month l Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev i March 22.0 22.0 22.0 0.0 - - - - April 18.0 26.8 20.6 4.2 26.0 26.0 26.0 0.0 May 18.0 20.0 18.7 1.0 20.0 21.0 20.5 0.7 June 15.5 20.3 17.9 2.3 15.2 20.5 17.9 3.7 July 16.0 19.5 18.0 1.8 12.5 23.0 17.8 7.4 August 13.5 18.3 16.1 2.0 10.8 19.5 15.2 6.2 September 16.0 17.2 16.7 0.6 13.5 17.5 15.8 2.1 October 15.8 18.8 17.4 1.5 14.3 22.0 19.4 4.4 November 13.0 16.5 14.7 1.8 15.0 20.0 17.5 2.5 I December 15.0 15.8 15.4 0.6 - - - - Mean 17.8 2.3 18.8 3.4 l DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) . March 22.0 22.0 22.0 0.0 - - - - April 18.0 26.5 20.8 3.9 27.3 27.3 27.3 0.0 May 17.6 20.0 18.9 1.3 17.8 21.0 19.4 2.3 June 16.3 22.5 18.8 2.9 15.5 20.5 18.0 3.5 July 16.8 20.0 18.2 1.7 12.5 22.0 17.3 6.7 August 13.5 18.3 16.1 2.0 12.3 19.0 15.7 4.7 September 14.5 17.2 15.9 1.4 14.0 19.5 16.7 2.8 October 16.8 21.0 18.4 2.3 15.8 21.0 19.3 3.0 l -November 13.0 16.0 14.7 1.5 17.3 21.5 19.0 2.2 December 15.0 16.3 15.7 C.9 - - - - Mean 18.0 2.4 19.1 3.6 i
= _ _ - - _ - . .. --
g TA8LE 15 SULFATE DATA FOR 80TTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES l INTAKE'(STA. NO. 8) Pre-Oparational Data (mg/1) Operational Data (mg/1) Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 10.5 10.5 10.5 0.0 - - - - Apri.1 24.0 37.0 30.8 6.0 44.0 44.C , 44.0 0.0 May 25.0 30.0 28.3 2.2 22.5 26.0 24.3 2.5 June 21.0 30.5 26.4 4.3 29.0 33.5 31.3 3.2 ' July 20.5 20.5 24.0 2.6 23.5 28.0 > 25.8 3.2 August 18.5 23.0 20.6 , 1.9 28.0 28.0 28.0 0.0 September 20.0 22.5 21.0 1.3 20.5 28.0 23.5 4.0 October 22.0 28.0 25.7 3.2 '18.0 15.5 25.2 9.2 November 19.0 24.0 21.2 - 2.6 21.5 29.0 25.5 3.8 ( December 21.0 28.5 24.8 5.3 ' - - . - Mean 23.3 5.6 28.5' 6.7 i . . l DISCHARGE (STA. N0. 13) March 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 - ,+~ - - - April 27.3 ' 41.5 32.5 6.7 46.0 46.0 46.0 0.0 May 28.0 31.0 29.5 1.3 22.5 26.0 24.3 2.5 June 21.0 30.5 26.5 4.1 29.0 32.5 30.8 2.5 l July 19.0 26.0 23.5 3.1 23.0 28.0 25.5 3.5 August 19.5 23.5 21.5 1.7 27.5 28.5 28.0 0.7 ! September 17.0 22.0 19.7 2.5 20.0 28.0 23.3 4.2 October 22.5 30.5 26.7 4.0 15.8 35.3 23.7 10.3
, November 19.0 . 25.5 21.7 3.4 23.0 29.0 26.0 3.0 December 21.5 27.0 24.3 3.9 - - - -
Mean 23.6 6.2 28.5 7.5 i k l l r s a--- - - - - -
_- -- _ -- _ -. __ ~ . . _ _ - - . --. . . _ _ _ __ _ . _ . 1 TABLE 16 SODIUM DATA FOR 80TTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES l
- i INTAKE (STA. NO. 8) 4 Pre-Operational Data (mg/1) Operational Data (mg/1)
Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March 10.5 10.5 10.5 0.0 - - April 9.2 12.7 10.8 1.5 13.2 13.2 13.2 0.0 May 10.1 12.6 11.2 1.1 8.5 8.6 8.s 0.1
- June 8.4 10.7 9.9 1.0 9.2 9.2 J.2 0.0 July 7.0 11.9 9.6 2.0 8.0 10.7 9.4 1.9 3
August 6.4 10.3 8.6 1.6 7.5 10.1 8.8 1.8 September 9.2 10.2 9.7 0.5 8.0 10.5 9.0 1.3 , October 9.0 15.3 12.2 3.2 7.6 13.5 9.7 3.3 November 7.1 10.4 8.3 1.8 8.0 14.8 11.3 3.# 1 o December 8.5 9.3 8.9 0.5 - - Mean 10.0 1.2 9.8' 1.2 DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) . i March 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 - - - - l April 8.9 12.4 10.7 1.7 14.4 14.4 14.4 0.0 May 10.1 13.5 11.7 1.7 8.0 8.9 8.5 0.6 June 8.0 11.0 9.9 1.3 7.6 9.2 8.4 1.1 July 7.0 12.1 9.6 2.2 8.0 10.1 9.1 1.5 August 7.1 10.3 8.7 1.3 8.3 10.1 9.2 1.3 September 8.4 10.2 9.4 0.9 8.0 10.5 9.0 1.3 October 9.Q 15.3 12.4 3.2 8.4 13.5 10.3 2.8 ' November 7.1 10.4 8.4 1.8 8.0 14.8 11.3 3.4 December 10.0 10.7 10.4 0.5 . . . . Mean 10.1 1.2 1 10.0 2.0 I ,
~
t TABLE 17 - MAGNESIUM DATA FOR 8OTTOM VATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INT /IE '(STi;. NO. 8) _ _ t[ Pre-Operatianal Data (mg,11
~ '
Operational [Da+5(mg/l)~ l
. Month --
Min Max' Mean .S?.d Day Hin Max Mean Std;0ev March 11.3- ' 11.3 l1.3 0.0 - - - - 1 Apri.1 5.8 8.4 7.2 1.1 C 13.4 13.4- 0.0-13.4l _ } May 7.1 10.6 9.1 1.2 8.2:' ~ 8.6 8.4 '0.3.. - June 7.9 10.3 8.9 1.2- 9.6 9.6 926. ; 0[.0 - July 8.2 9.4 9.0; 0.5 l8 9.6 11.0 - 10. 1.0
~
August 5.5 7. 7_ 6.8' _0.9 7J 9.3 8.8 1.5 .,
, . - x .
~
Septemb'er 6.5 ' 7.7 .7,1 0.6 7.0 10.1m 1.6- [ 8.4 Oc;ober 7.20 8.90 7.83 ' .93 7.2 10.3 8.5 1.6 November 5.0 7.7 6.7 . 1.5 , . 8.2 9.3 9.1 0.8 , 8.4 ' December 5.3 6.9 2.2 ' s - Mean _, 8.1 1.5 l o.s i 1.7 4
, ' w'Aq
.. ~ . ~ x _
DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13)_ O. s 1 .. March 11.5 11.5 11.5 0 '. 0 - - m e- ' - April 5.8 9.1
~
7.1~ 1.5 13.4 13.4 13.4 .
\
Of' *_" - May 7.7 10.3 9.0 1.1 ~' 8.6 8.6 8;6 0.0. June _7./ 9.6 8.5 .0.8 9.8 10.1- -10. 0' O.2 July 8.9 9.4 9.2 0.2 11.5 12.2 11.9 -0.5 August 5.3 7.2 6.7 ' 1. 0 8.4 9.6 9.0 0.8 September 6.7 7.7 ;7.4 0.6 7.7 9.8 8.9 1.1 October 7.k 8.2 ' 8.0 ~ 0. 2. 8.2 10.1 8.9 1.0
, November 7.2 . 8.6 7.8 0.7 8.2 '10;8 9.5 1.3 0.4
~
December 7.4 7.9 7.7 - - - - Mean 8,. 3 1.4 i 10.0 1.7 i . (
+ ,
~
I
- a. /,
x '/ _3 - .
,g . , _, ,,7~. - 2 "J TABLE 18 )
t N TOTAL ALKALINITY DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES s. s _. INTAKE'(STA. NO. 8)
'~
~
~-
E- Prs-Operational Data (mg/1) Operational Data (mg/1)
.-Month
./ -
[ Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev
~
iMarchL. . . . 110.0- 110.0 110.0 0.0 - - - . Aprik' 88.0 1,01.0 94.5 5.3 104.0 104.0 104.0 0.0 May 92.0 101.0 5.0 4.1 89.0 89.0 89.0 0.0
' June- '
91.0 97.0 94.3 3.2 89.0 100.0 94.5 7.8
' I(; '
July E 80.0 92.0 88.8 ?.5 95.0 100.0 97.5 3.5 August 84.0 92.0 87.5 3.7 C5.0 96.0 96.0 0.0 7
, ;, September 89.0 104.0 95.7 7.6 86.0 95.0 90.3 4.5
", 0-tober 90.0 97.0 93.7 3.5 92.0 102.0 96.7 5.0 No'veraber 87.0 94.0 90.3 . 3.5 90.0 100.0 95.3 5.0
-3 .. December 87.0 93.0 90.0 4.2' - - - -
t Mean 94.0 6.3 96.0' 4.8 _v . DISCHARGE (ShA.NO.13) _ March 110.0 110.0 110.0 0.0 - - - - April 0.0
. 87.0 98.0 94.8 5.3 107.0 107.0 107.0 May 91.0 1.04.0 96.5 5.8 91.0 92.0 91.5 0.7 June 95.0 96.0 95.5 0.6 90.0 100.0 95.0 7.1 July 89.0 96.0 92.0 2.9 95.0 100.0 97.5 3.5 August 85.0 94.0 88.3 4.0 93.0 98.0 95.5 3.5 ,
September 68.0 96.0 92.7 4.2 88.0 96.0 91.7 4.0 October 92.0 111.0 98.3 11.0 92.0 100.0 95.7 4.0
, November 90.0 95.0 91.7 2.9 92.0 99.0 95.8 3.5 December 90.0 95.0 92.5 3.5 - - - -
Mean 95.2 5.9 l 96.2 4.8 i 9 e
- . _ _ _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1
I TABLE 19 NITRATE DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES
. JNTAKE.'(STA..NO. 8) ,
Pre-Operational Data (mg/1) Op,erational Data (mg/1) Min Max' . Mean Std Day Min', ' Max Mean Std Dev l ' March 17.00 17.00 17.0a 0.00 - - - - Apri.1 1.99' 14.90 7.46 6.19 5.40 5.40 5.40 0.00 May 0.15 , 13.50 6.30 5.50 1 70 14.20 8.00 8.80 , June 0.00 8.00 4.2Q 4.00 7.30 8.70 8.00 1.00 July 0.00 7.70 3.80 :3.30 5.10' 7.70 6.40 1.80 . August 0.00 1.20 0.40 0.60 1.40 2.70 '2.10 1.00 September. 0.00 _2.70 1.00 1.50 0.60 2.40 1.60 1.00 October 0.50 8.00- 3.40 4.10 0.30 1.20 0.80 0.50 November 1.50 2.60 1.97 .0.57 5.10 7.90 6.60 1.4Q December 2.4Q 3.60 3.00 0.85 ' . _ _ _ Mean 4.90 4.79 4.86' 2.93 DISCHARGE (STA. NO.13) March 17.00 17.00 17.00 0.00 April 1.20 17.00 7.81 7.41 6.40 6.40 6.40 0.00 , l . May' O.15 13.50 6.80 5.50 1.70 12.00
- 6.90 7.30 June 0.00 7.70 ' 4.30 3.80 ' 7.70 11.50 9.60 2.70 July 0.00 8.40 3.70 3.70 4.50 9.30 6.90 3.40 l ~
August 0.00 1.20 0.50 0.50 2.30 3.10 2.70 0.60 September 0.00 .2.70 1.20 1.40 0.30 1.70 1.20 0.80 October 0.50 7.70 3.13 3.97 0.30 2.00 1.20 0.90 November 0.90 - 5.10 3.00 2.10 6.50 7.30 7.00 0.50 i December 2.00 3.70 2.90 1.20- - - - - Mean 5.03 4.76 5.24 3.12 I l l l .
TABLE 20 t PHOSPHORUS DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY 0F LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE'(STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (.mg/1) Operational Data (mg/1)
. Month Min Max- Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev Phrch 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.00 - - - _
Apri.1 0.06 0.12 0.09 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 May 0.02 0.27 0.09 0.12 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.04 June 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.01 July 0.02 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.12 0.07 0.07 August 0.01 0.06 0.04. 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00
~
September 0.00 0.05 0.02- 0.03 0.01- 0.04 0.03 0.02 October 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.11 0.06 0.05 November 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.05 0.0t December 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.04' - - - - Mean
- 0.07 0.08 0.0t 0.02 l
l . . DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) . . l l March 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.00 - - - April 0.02 ' 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 May 0.02 O.44 0.13 0.21 0 01 0.08 0.05 0.05 June 0.01 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.01 July 0.03 0.09 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.12 0.07 0.07 August 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 September 0.00 0.07 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.0 0.03 October 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.08 0.0 0.04
, Nove.aber 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0 11 0.0 0.05 l December 0.02 0.06 0.04 0.03 - - - -
Mean 0.07 0.07 i 0.05 0.02 l I
\
1 l
< TABLE 21 SILICA DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE'(STA. NO. 8)
Pre-Operational Data (mg/1) Operational Data (mg/1)
. Month Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March - - - - - - - -
Apri.1 0.10 3.09 0.96 1,43 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.00 May 0.00 0.23 0.10 0.10 0.07 1.36 0.72 0.91 June 0.17 0.74 0.47 0.28 0.28 0.55 0.42 0.19 July 0.40 1.20 0.77 0.36 0.44 0.45 0.45 0.01 August 0.11 0.38 0.27 0.17 0.04 0.23 0.14 0.13 September 0.06 0.71 0.32 0.34 0.09 0.28 0.16 0.11 October 0.06 0.19 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.13 0.07 0.05 November 0.03 0.12 0.09 .0.05 0.07 0.59 0.34 0.26 December 0.19 0.24 0.22 0.04 - - - - Mean 0.37 0.31 0.39 0.27 DISCHARGE (STA. NO.13) - March - - - - - - - - April 0.06 3.50 0.98 1.68 1.29 1.29 1.29 0.00 May 0.0 0.29 0.13 0.12 0.07 1.41 0.74 0.95 i June 0.16 0.78 0.46 0.26 0.22 0.62 0.42 0.28 July 0.33 0.91 0.57 0.25 0.47 0.65 0.56 0.13 August 0.10 0.44 0.27 0.18 0.02 0.19 0.11 0.12 September 0.06 0.59 0.28 0.28 0.07 0.36 0.22 0.15 October 0.09 0.19 0.13 0.06 0.07 0.10 0.09 0.02
, November 0.03 0.16 0.10 0.07 0.11 0.64 0.35 0.27 December 0.16 0.26 0.21 0.07 - - - -
Mean 0.35 0.28 1 0.47 0.40
- = - ~ ' -- - - , , , - - - - -
TABLE 22 . BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE.'(STA. NO. 8) Pre-Operational Data (mg/1) Operational Data (mg/1)
. Month Min Max' Mean Std Day Min Max Mean Std Dev March 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 . . . _
April 0.92 4.00 2.70 1.30 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 May 0.50 3.0 1.40 1.10 4.0 2.0 3.0 1.4 June 1.00 3.10 2.00 1.20 4.9 3.0. 3.5 0.7 July 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 2.0 3.0 2.5 0.7 August 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 September 2.00 3.00 2.33 0.58 1.0 3.0 2.3 1.2 October 2.00 3.00 2.33 0.58 2.0 4.0 2.7 1.2 November 1.00 2.00 1.70 .0.60 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.0 December 1.00 2.00 1.50 0.71 - - - - Mean 2.30 0.63 2.8 0.7 l DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) - March 3.00 3.00 3.00 0.00 . . . - April 2.00 4.50 3.40 1.10 4.0 4.0 4.0 0.0 May 0.60 4.00 0.7 2.40 1.50 2.0 3.0 - 2.5 June 1.00 3.00 2.10 0.90 3.0 5.0 4.0 1.4 July 1.00 3.00 2.30 1.20 3.0 3.0 3.0 0.0 August 2.00 4.00 3.00 0.80 2.0 3.0 2.5 0.7 September 2.00 3.00 2.67 0.58 2.0 4.0 3.0 1.0 October 2.00 4.00 3.00 1.00 3.C 4.0 3.7 0.6
, November 2.00 3.00 2.30 0.60 1.0 4.0 2.3 1.5 December 1.00 2.00 1.50 0.71 - - -
Mean 2.57 0.56 , 3.13 0.7
.w -
-r. , _---..m_ - . . -_ . _ . , _ , _ , _,
, TABLE 23 TEMPERATURE DATA FOR BOTTOM WATER IN THE VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES INTAKE'(STA. NO. 8)
Pre-Operational Data (OC} Operational Data ( C)
. Month '
- Min Max' Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March - - _ - - - - -
Apri1 6.0 10.0 7.7 1.7 10.0 10.0 10.0 0.0 May 14.0 20.0 15.8 2.8 10.4 17.8 14.1 5.2 June 18.0 21.5 20.0 1.5 21.0 24.2. 22.6 2.3 July 22.0 24.0 22.6 1.0 24.0 24.0 24.0 0.0 August 22.0 24.2 23.1 1.2 21.5 73.0 22.3 1.1 September 18.0 20.5 19.3 1.3 18.0 21.7- 19.8 1.9 l l October 9.0' 13.0 11.2 2.0 8.0 11.2 9.5 1.6 November 5.0 10.0 8.2 2.8 4.0 10.2 6.9 3.1 December - - - - - - Mean 16.0 6.3 16.2 6.8 l DISCHARGE (STA. NO. 13) . March . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ April 7.5 10.0 8.6 1.1 10.5 10.5 10.5 0.0 May 14.0 20.0 15.8 2.8 10.4 18.0 14.2 5.4 June 19.0 21.0 20.2 1.1 21.5 24.7 23.1 2.3 July 22.0 24.1 22.9 0.9 23.5 25.0 24.3 1.1 August 21.5 24.5 23.0 1.5 21.5 23.0 22.3 1.1 September 18.0 20.5 19.2 1.3 18.5 22.1 19.9 1.9 October 8.5 13.0 11.0 2.3 8.5 11.5 9.9 1.5 November 5.0 10.5 7.9 2.8 4.0 10.1 6.9 3.1 December - - - Mean 16.1 -6.2 i 16.4, 6.8 l
-, --m- , , -
-vt . - _ . - . - ---
TABLE 24 OPERATIONAL WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS FALLING OUTSIDE OF Tile RANGE OF PRE-0PERATIONAL VALUES AT STATION 13 2 i Nearest Number of Standard Deviation Units Outside the Pre-operational Range PARAMETER MONTH Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Sum of Difference : Dissolved Oxygen -5 +1 0 0 0 0 0 -3 -7 l Hydrogen-lons(pH) 0 0 0 0 0 +2 -1 0 +1 Transparenc:' 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Turbidity 0 +4 +3 0 0 +2 0 0 +9 Suspended Solids 0 +5 0 0 0 +2 +2 +5 +14 i Conductivity +2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 0
- Dissolved Solids 0 0 0 0 0 0 -1 0 -1 Calcium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 Chloride 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +2 +2 Sul fate +1 -3 0 0 +3 +1 0 0 +2 Sodium +1 -1 0 0 0 0 0 +1 +1 Magnesium +3 0 +1 +13 +2 +2 +4 +1 +26 Total Alkalinity +2 0 0 +1 0 0 0 0 +3 Nitrate 0 0 +1 0 +3 0 0 +1 +5
?hesphorus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 +3 +3
, Silica 0 +4 0 0 0 0 0 +3 +7 1 Biochemical Oxygen . ., Demand 0 0 +1 0 0 0 0 0 +1 Temperature 0 0 +2 0 0 0 0 0 +2 i 5
- s._,
- n -
TABLE 25 MEl.d WATER QUALITY VALUES FOR PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL PERIODS IN Tile VICINITY OF LAKE INTAKE AND DISCllARGE STRUCTURES PRE-OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL PERCENT CHANGE PARAMETER UNITS Sta. 8 Sta. 13 Sta. 8 Sta. 13 Sta. 8 Sta. 13 i Dissolved Oxygen ppm 9.9 10.0 9.4 9.1 -5.1 -9.0
- ilydrogen-ions pil 8.3 8.3 8.3 8.3 0.0 0.0
- Transparency m 0.55 0.48 0.56 0.49 +1.8 +2.1 Turbidity F.T.U. 33.4 35.1 34.9 38.9 +4.5 +10.8 Suspended Solids mg/l 33.7 40.4 39.4 46.8 +17.0 +15.8 ,
Conductivity pnhos/cm 293.3 296.2 303.7 309.3 +3.5 +4.4 ,, Dissolved Solids mg/l 181.2 185.0 172.6 178.5 -4.7 -3.5 ') Calcium mg/l 36.5 36.7 36.6 37.0 +0.3 +0.8 8 Chloride ng/l 17.8 18.0 18.8 19.1 +5.6 16.1 Sulfate mg/l 23.3 23.6 28.5 28.5 +22.3 +20.8 Sodium mg/l 10.0 10.1 9.8 10.0 -2.0 -1.0 Magnesium mg/l 8.1 8.3 9.6 10.0 +18.5 +20.5 Total Alkalinity mg/l 94.0 95.2 96.0 96.2 +2.1 +1.1 Nitrate mg/l 4.90 5.03 4.86 5.24 -0.8 +4.2 Phosphorus mg/l 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.05 -42.9 -28.6 Silica ng/l 0.37 0.35 0.39 0.47 45.4 +34.3 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) mg/l 2.30 2.57 2.80 3.13 +21.7 421.8 Tenperature C" 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.4 +1.3 +1.9 i
TABLE 26
, PLANKTON AND WATER QUALITY SAMPLING DATES ear Month 1973 I ,
1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 March 18 April 18 22 14 26 May 25 22 29 17 24 11 1 and 23 June 27 19 16 16 22 29 21 . July 25 17 14 20 13 25 28 $ August 23 22 ' 11 18 30 17 29 Septeraber 26 10 8 14 12 15 27 October 9 6 19 26 17 30 November 6 7 3 2 22 1 28 December 4 16 No phytoplankton collections.
TABLE 27 PHYTOPLANKTON AND ZOOPLANKTON SAMPLING STRUCTURE, 1973-1979 1 2 1977 1978 Station 1973 1974 1975 1976 1979 1 X X X X X X X 2 3 X X X X X X X 4 5 X 6 X X X X X X 7 X 8 X X X X X X X 9 X X X 10 X X X 11 12 X X X X X X X X X X 13 X X X X X X 14 X 15 16 7 X X X X X X 68 X X 19 X X X , 20 X 21 22 23 l 24 25 26 X 27 X 28 X 29 X April March April May May First Month May April November Last Month December November December November November flovember 1 1 All samples were collected by a vertical tow with a Wisconsin plankton net; 12cm mouth 0.064 mm mesh in 1973 and 1974 and 0.080 m mesh from 1975-1979. 2 No phytoplankton sampling; Zooplankton only. i 1
1 TABLE 28 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL PHYTOPLANKTON DATA FROM LAKE ERIE IN THE VICINITY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION BACILLARIOPHYCEAE . . . Pre-Operational Data l Operational Data 2 (no/1) (no/1) Month Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March --- --- 22404 --- --- --- --- --- 3 April 7531 216609 105938 85684 --- --- 733663 ___ May 2080 167574 69785 78218 35855 408898 222377 263781 June 90 6573 2131 2991 1628 11078 6353 6682 July 285 2556 1206 1073 1830 10882 6356 6401 August 772 20481 7513 8870 3372 5712 4542 1655 September 907 17383 7577 8674 4996 18138 11688 6574 October 5958 34799 24927 16432 12505 89804 53004 38782 November 7993 13002 10584 2609 16471 105250 46563 50830 Deceaber --- --- 79879 --- --- --- Mean 3202 59872 33194 37727 10951 92823 135568 252388 CHLOR 0PHYGEAE March --- --- 32 --- --- --- --- April 102 2888 916 1323 --- ---
-3 261 ---
May 432 2110 1167 716 700 2416 1558 1213 June 904 8347 4604 3951 1574 5556 3565 2816 July 1024 3384 1955 1012 4092 26052 15072 15528 August 793 5910 2362 2194 3791 4192 3992 284 September 2921 9511 5780 3381 2843 10034 27956 37443 October 7366 21872 13686 7431 16665 27160 21208 5388 November 1691 21198 11544 9755 27141 117566 48414 61348 Deceaber --- --- 1522 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 1904 9528 4357 4706 8115 27568 15253 16785 1 4 Results from samples collected from 1974 through August 1977. 2 Results from samples collected from September 1977 through 1979. 3 April sample actually collected May 1. 4
- - -r- -
l TABLE 28 (cont'd) i' PRE-OPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL PHYTOPLANKTON DATA FROM LAKE ERIE IN THE VICINITY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION MYX0PHYCEAE Pre-Operational Data l Operational Data 2 Month Min Max Mean- Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March --- --- 82 --- --- --- --- --- April 81 954 358 402 --- --- 8423 ___ May 0 688 221 315 1221 1886 1554 470 June 13 12854 3471 6269 1243 45570 23407 31344 July 313 84901 37539 35129 28878 216958 122918 132993 August 35 315263 101877 146415 69043 96697 82870 19554 September 1881 17977 7902 8780 19954 75577 171276 215727 October 5109 14203 8394 . 5045 19629 60168 40973 20355
, Noved er 1504 2578 2179 588 28219 '31652 20275 16820 December --- ---
1563 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 1117 56177 16359 32084 24027 75501 58027 62124 ( - TOTAL PHYTOPLANKTON March --- --- 22517 --- -- - --- --- --- April 7860 224076 108178 88757 --- --- 734777 --- May 4883 168899 71305 77644 39497 411501 225499 263047 June 1604 17817 10357 12247 4595 62414 33505 40884 l
- July 3460 87260 41833 34760 59120 266502 162811 146641 August 1603 327915 112143 147757 76687 106244 91466 20900 l 5751 31352 21378 13705 48372 83480 211073 252015
- September October 19232 70129 47052 25778 99846 126796 115422 13958 November 17148 33499 24324 8357 161456 165699 115537 83236
-December --- ---
82963 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 7693 121368 54205 37254 69939 174662 211261 220686 1 Results from samples collected from 1974 through August 1977. 2 Results from samples collected from September 1977 through 1979. April sagle actually collected May 1. (
TABLE 29 1 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL PHYTOPLANKTON DATA FR0:1 THE VICINITY OF THE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES AND A CONTROL STATION STATION 3 Pre-Operational Data 2 Operational Data 3 Month Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev l March --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ! April 5929 188717 91274 76544 --- ---
-- 4 737866 ---
l May 3553 201735 74227 91342 45212 267882 156547 157451 June 1607 18380 6303 8079 8252 30840 19546 15972 July 2737 113803 48155 47231 57331 327506 192419 191043 August 1329 358252 125142 162782 48336 94904 71620 32929 September 3891 27850 16441 12020 40281 64617 207482 268801 October 12016 66619 46585 30064 152681 226943 175074 45060 November 12786 33484 20171 11552 149954 244023 138399 111850 December --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Mean 5481 102539 53537 41018 71721 179531 212369 221533 STATION 8 March --- --- 22747 --- --- --- --- --- 4 ' April 8250 142686 72523 57337 --- --- 872472 --- May 1634 124782 58863 62864 28665 384544 206605 251644 l June . 1348 22427 7242 10174 1945 6778 4362 3417 i July 2313 80734 39508 32224 31659 94904 63282 44721 August 1562 389417 133684 182880 116805 181824 149315 45975 l September 5528 28524 19847 12473 36743 82952 200363 244475 October 14883 52375 35282 18963 71015 116363 96087 23051 November 15181 43947 26842 14813 93383 199435 103448 91371 December --- --- 79075 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 6337 111737 49561 37676 54316 152400 211992 275361 STATION 13 l March --- --- 21247 --- --- --- --- April 6657 193221 113796 78639 --- ---
-- 4 889947 ---
May 4224 191170 78251 87463 36594 429182 232888 277602 l June 1597 23356 9191 10200 3961 85402 44682 57587 l July 2139 53265 35461 23674 47743 260850 154297 150689 August 1679 405706 132161 186211 96672 119697 108185 16281 September 6444 40540 23973 17068 46421 89766 276358 361375 0ctober 17977 98873 52447 41752 77695 136376 115918 33129 November 13995 26408 20205 6207 75855 111081 66422 50057 December --- --- 83306 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 6839 129067 57004 42833 54992 176051 236087 275701 1 l 0ata presented as number of wnole organisms per liter. Data collected from 1974 through August 1977. 3 0ata collected from September 1977 through 1979. 4 April sample actually collected May 1, 1979. l
- 69~- 1 l
( TABLE 30 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL ZOOPLANKTON DATA FROM THE LOCUST POINT AREA ROTIFERS Pre-Operational Data l Operational Data 2 (no/1) (no/1) Month Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March --- --- 27 --- --- --- --- --- April 39 36 2 169 138 --- --- 2003 ___ May 94 479 304 166 170 264 217 66 June 87 234 149 71 33 70 52 26 July 35 573 259 234 39 102 71 45 August 23 592 292 213 36 41 39 4 September 119 369 241 128 82 213 214 132 October 73 681 280 347 70 120 100 26
> November 143 513 282 164 15 49 25 21 December 219 236 228 12 --- --- --- ---
Mean 92 449 223 86 64 123 115 82 COPEPODS 1 March --- --- 5 --- --- ---
--443 April 24 46 35 9 --- --- ---
May 233 851 400 255 31 195 113 116 June 182 591 340 165 91 262 177 121 July 62 423 186 148 126 176 151 35 l August 33 163 77 51 87 141 114 38 Septent>er 66 177 103 51 47 109 86 34 October 67 105 82 20 59 67 55 14 November 24 119 68 42 25 48 28 19 i December 32 52 42 14 --- --- --- --- Mean 80 281 134 134 67 143 96 53 1 Results from sanples collected from 1973 through August 1977. 2 Results from samples collected from September 1977 through 1979. 3 April sample actually collected May 1. t
TABLE 30 (cont'd) PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL ZOOPLANKTON DATA FROM THE LOCUST POINT AREA CLA00CERAN Pre-Operational Data 2 Operational Data2 (no/1) (no/1) Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev Month March --- --- 0.2 --- --- ---
-- 23 ---
April 0 11 3 5 --- --- 114 May 8 130 45 49 1 162 82 103 335 198 90 64 360 212 209 June 61 73 122 98 35 July 39 188 134 14 39 25 15 72. 92 82 August 2 205 104 74 30 192 90 89 September 29 211 101 97 27 56 37 16 October 26 13 17 58 34 18 16 26 14 November --- --- December 12 24 18 8 --- 133 66 65 40 144 77 36 Mean 26
)
TOTAL ZOOPLANKTON March --- --- 32 --- --- ---
-- 3 245 ---
April 77 439 217 157 --- --- 555 1086 819 191 295 536 416 170 May 1365 902 266 483 518 501 25 June 707 345 252 370 811 624 July 306 1168 911 825 454 249 250 334 292 59 August 144 627 500 110 251 557 461 182 l September 391 831 489 302 159 246 253 97 I October 259 650 391 178 55 135 71- 58 November 256 --- December 275 303 289 20 --- 330 810 500 296 249 385 381 222 Mean 1Results from samples collected from 1973 through August 1977. 2Results from samples collected from September 1977 through 1979. 3 April sample actually collected May 1. 1
i TABLE 31 PRE-OPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL ZOOPLANKTON DATA IN THE VICINITY OF THE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES AND A CONTROL STATION STATION 3 (Control) Pre-Operational Data l Operational Data 2 (no/1) (no/1) Month Min Max Mea.n Std Dev Min Mew Mean Std Dev March --- --- --- --- --- ---
-- 3 1
April 54 323 177 118 --- --- 207 ___ 1 May 415 1007 682 261 327 568 448 170 512 June 640 1210 862 218 489 535 33 July 265 1211 642 360 550 802 676 178 August 223 731 371 244 257 271 264 10 September 386 742 507 163 230 541 378 156 October 214 855 492 329 112 265 254 137 November 248 520 367 138 42 151 72 69 Decenber --- --- 280 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 306 825 487 215 287 448 351 192 STATION 8 (Intake) March --- --- 30 --- --- --- --- --- April 56 318 151 115 --- --- 21Er --- May 265 846 656 268 124 657 391 377 June 504 1673 897 526 337 386 362 35 July 216 918 487 328 319 1285 802 683 August 100 435 303 148 228 291 260 45 Sehtember 243 564 394 133 263 412 329 76 October 256 513 354 139 154 252 247 91 November 225 489 323 144 34 137 64 63 December --- --- 234 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 233 720 383 250 208 489 334 215 STATION 13 (Discharge) March --- --- 33 --- --- --- --- --- > April 53 482 223 184 --- --- 287 --- I May 454 1421 894 350 243 354 299 78 June 621 1230 872 222 498 563 531 46 - July 387 1243 808 413 337 1433 885 775 August 136 793 446 262 197 403 300 146 September 363 533 459 83 249 513 505 253 October 282 984 565 370 176 179 265 152 November 237 569 375 140 80 127 72 59 December 170 346 258 124 --- --- --- --- ! Mean 301 845 493 292 254 510 393 245 1 0ata collected from 1973 through August 1977. 2 0ata collected from September 1977 through 1979. April sample actually collected May 1.
.-e -.we--+ ,_-.e = ,, , , --
m- ,-.,.-r-y
TABLE 32 - BENTilIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATE SAMPLING DATES Year Month 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 March 18 April 17-18 23 9 27 Nby 25 22-23 21 4 11 30 June 19-20 19 7 22 July 2, 26-1 17 17 5 26. 29 August 23 14 19 5 16 ' September 19-26 6 11 3 26 30 October 10 9 5 3 flovember 2-7 7 6 1 1 4 Decenber 4 16 l i
.. *v
TABLE 33 BENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATE SAMPLING STRUCTURE, 1973-1979 1 Station 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1 X X X X X X X 2 X X X 3 X X X X X X X 4 X X X 5 X X X 6 X X X X 7 X X X X 8 X X X X X X X 9 X X X X X X X 10 X X X 11 X X X X 12 X X X X 13 X X X X . X X X 14 X X X X X X X 15 X X X X X X X 16 X X X X
' 17 X X X X X X X 18 X X X X X X Xe 19 X X X 2
20 X X 21 22 . 23 24 25 26 X X X X l 27 X ! 28 X 29 X First Month May April April March April May May Last Month December November December November October November November Frequency Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Every- Every- Every-
- other- other- other-l month month month 1
Three replicate grab samples with a penar dredge (A=0.052 m2 ) were collected at the stations indicated each year except 1973 when only one grab was collected at each station. 2 Samples were collected only in April as watre at this station was removed after this date to allow construction on the intake pumps.
TABLE 34 1 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL BENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES FROM LAKE ERIE IN THE VICINITY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION COELENTERATA Pre-Operational Data 2 Operational Data 3 Month l Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March --- --- 0 --- --- --- --- --- April 0 3 1 2 --- --- --- --- May 9 51 21 20 1 21 11 14 June 0 210 89 89' --- --- --- --- July 0 5 2 2 0 4 2 3 August 0 7 2 3 --- --- --- --- September 1 36 10 17 1 40 21 20 October 2 72 30 37 --- --- 57 --- November 7 98 32 44 17 74 46 40 December 0 27 14 19 --- --- --- --- Mean 2 57 20 27 5 35 27 23 ANNELIDA
)
March --- --- 113 --- --- --- --- --- April 506 1448 923 473 --- --- --- --- May 368 1153 637 358 302 306 304 3 June 547 822 705 101 --- --- --- --- July 481 1417 918 397 564 1947 1256 978 August 212 2212 1254 736 --- --- --- --- September 1012 2715 1561 783 443 813 628 262 October 767 2226 1305 801 --- --- 1371 --- November 654 1705 1157 509 496 1788 1142 914 December 140 1543 842 992 --- --- --- --- Mean 521 1693 942 409 451.2 1214 940 455 ~ ARTHROPODA March --- --- 11 --- --- --- --- --- April 29 149 89 68 --- --- --- --- May 71 107 120 60 257 330 294 52 June 105 700 449 218 --- --- --- --- July 243 1146 491 437 169 2346 1258 1539 August 109 1583 642 562 --- --- --- --- September 96 1035 602 407 275 601 438 231 October 270 729 440 252 --- --- 180 --- November 124 3016 896 1415 239 737 488 352 December 30 217 124 132 --- --- --- --- Mean 120 976 386 290 235 1004 532 424 1 0ata presented as number of organisms per scuare meter. 2 0ata collected from 1973 through August 1977. 3 0ata collected from September 1977 through 1979.
i TABLE 34 (cont'd) 1 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL BENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATE DENSITIES FROM LAKE ERIE IN THE VICINITY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION MOLLUSCA Pre-Operational Data 2 Operational Data 3 Month Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev March --- --- 4 --- --- --- --- --- April 0 - 2 1 1 --- --- --- --- l May 0 4 2 2 0 1 1 1 l June 0 5 2 2 --- --- --- --- July 1 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 August 0 4 1 2 --- --- --- --- September 0 4 2 2 0 1 1 1 October 0 2 1 1 --- --- 1 --- November 0 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 December 0 1 1 1 --- --- --- --- Mean 0 3 2 1 0 1 1 1 i e TOTAL BENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATE POPULATION i March --- --- 127 --- --- --- --- --- April 540 1592 1018 535 --- --- --- --- May 537 1216 777 315 560 653 607 66 June 653 1557 1241 363 --- --- --- --- July 772 2559 1399 805 737 2346 1542 1138 August 321 2782 1893 1008 --- --- --- --- September 1254 3753 2179 1116 601 1090 846 346 October 1065 3027 1767 1094 --- --- 1609 --- Nc' ember 894 4492 2090 1675 737 2044 1391 924 December 170 1788 979 1144 --- --- --- --- l Mean 690 2530 1347 649 659 1533 1199 447 1 0ata presented as number of organisms per sauare meter. 2 Data collected from 1973 through August 1977. 3 Data collected from September 1977 through 1979. l 1 f
1 TABLE 35 1 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERe..'IONAL 8ENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATE DATA FROM THE VICINITY OF THE INTAKE AND DISCHARGE STRUCTURES AND A CONTROL STATION l STATION 3 (CONTROL) l Pre-Operational Data 2 Operational Data 3 Month Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev l March --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- April 172 1910 1044 816 --- --- --- May 376 1662 824 604 923 955 939 23 June 1356 4181 2591 1451 --- --- --- --- July 1448 3565 2529 100t, 19 204 112 131 August 0 2776 1248 1151 --- --- --- --- Septemoer 1191 2540 1828 648 280 382 331 72 October 1719 2903 2209 618 --- --- 83 --- Novemoer 1573 3247 2320 739 96 4081 2089 2818 December --- --- 2660 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 979 2848 1917 711 330 1406 711 S44 STATION 8 (INTAKE) March --- --- 57 --- --- --- --- --- April 64 3361 1598 1642 --- --- --- ---
)
May 255 1483 906 5CS 89 592 341 356 June 573 1598 1387 455 --- --- --- --- July 458 1834 1127 700 554 3031 1793 1752 August 18 4164 1328 1639 --- --- --- --- September .1229 3095 2178 1003 618 1496 1057 621 October 414 2604 1488 1096 --- --- 611 --- November 172 1995 1125 819 649 1706 1178 747 December 51 325 188 194 --- --- --- --- Mean 359 2273 1138 636 478 1706 996 559 STATION 13 (DISCHARGE) March --- --- l 191 --- --- --- --- --- April 83 1293 417 585 --- --- --- --- May 280 901 498 280 669 1178 924 360 June 337 1776 884 543 --- --- --- --- July 181 5068 2594 2374 649 1490 1070 595 August 89 3120 1319 1257 --- --- --- --- September 1827 3795 2701 851 140 1012 576 617 October 337 5100 2171 2563 --- --- 592 --- Novemoer 337 1490 874 700 121 1834 978 1211 December 255 2497 1376 1585 --- --- --- --- Mean 414 2782 1303 907 395 1379 828 229 1 0ata presented as number of organisms per square meter. i 2 0ata collected from 1973 through August 1977. f 3 0ata collected from September 1977 through 1979. l
TABLE 36
, GILL NET SAMPLING DATES Year Month 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 April 25-26 17-18 12-13 18-19 30-1 (May)
May 21-22 22-23 10-11 16-17 18-19 30-31 June 13-14 16-17
- 14-15 13-14 29-30 20-21 July 2-3 10-11 14-15 14-15 12-13 24-25 28-29 d August 2-3, 30-31 19-20 11-12 11-12 9-10 17-18 28-29 September 28-29 12-13 8-9 30-1 13-14 24-25 29-30 October 16-17 6-7 20-21 17-18 27-28 November 12-13 25-26 3-4, 17-18 4-5 1-2 3-4 December 16-17
TABLE 37 1 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL GILL NET CATCHES 0F SELECTE0 SPECIES FROM LAKE ERIE IN ; THE VICINITY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION DISCHARGE (STATION 13) ALEWIFE Pre-Operational Data 2 Operational Data 3 Month l Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev April ! 0 10 3 5 --- --- 0 --- May 0 44 30 20 0 0 0 0 June 0 43 19 19 0 1 1 1 July 0 159 49 68 0 0 0 0 August 0 72 14 32 0 6 3 4 September l 0 200 87 102 1 136 48 76 October 4 322 117 178 36 88 41 44 November 0 47 16 22 41 52 47 8 December --- --- 0 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 1 112 37 40 11 40 18 23 l CHANNEL CATFISH April O 1 0 1 --- --- 1 --- May 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 June 0 7 2 3 3 6 5 2 July 1 18 6 7 3 4 4 1 August 0 5 2 2 0 0 0 0 September 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 October 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 November 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 December --- --- 0 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 0 4 1 2 1 ' 1 1 2 FRESHWATER ORUM - April 0 17 4 9 --- ---- 4 --- May 0 4 1 2 1 1 1 0 June 3 9 5 3 20 75 48 39 July 1 50 18 20 0 14 7 10 August 0 12 5 5 0 6 3 4 September 0 11 4 5 0 3 1 2 October 0 7 4 4 0 0 0 0 November 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 December --- --- 0 --- --- --- -- - --- Mean 1 14 5 5 3 14 8 16 1 Results presented as the number of fish per unit effort, where one unit of effort equals a 24-hour bottom set with an experimental gill net 125 ft long consisting of five 25-ft contiguous panels of , 3/4,1, lh, ard 2-inch bow mesh. 2 Results from samples collected from 1973 through August 1977. 3 Results from samles collected from September 1977 through 1979. ;
~
TABLE 37 (cont'd) PRE-OPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL GILL NET CATCHES 1 0F SELECTED SPECIES FROM LAKE ERIE IN THE VICINITY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION DISCHARGE (STATION 13) l GIZZARD SHAD Pre-Operational Data 2 Operational Data 3 l Month Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev April 0 3 1 1 --- --- 1 --- May 0 9 4 4 1 5 3 3 June 4 9 8 3 9 22 16 9 July 7 50 30 15 3 13 8 7 August 40 184 103 63 7 109 58 72 September 3 168 76 68 1 114 55 57 October 24 155 106 71 0 291 103 162 November 1 51 26 26 9 11 10 1 December --- --- 7 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 10 79 40 43 4 81 32 37 SPOTTAIL SHINER ( : April 58 142 97 43 --- --- 58 --- May 66 1331 482 574 12 224 118 150 June 0 85 29 39 0 4 2 3 July 0 29 8 12 0 14 7 10 August 2 58 15 24 4 21 13 12 September 0 25 10 11 18 75 44 29 October 31 35 33 2 4 27 15 12 November 0 64 21 29 24 26 25 1 Decec.oer --- --- 5 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 20 221 78 154 9 56 35 38 WALLEYE
~ April 0 3 1 1 --- --- 0 ---
l May 0 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 June 0 4 2 2 0 1 1 1 July 0 15 3 7 0 4 2 3 August 0 2 1 1 0 8 4 6 September 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 Octcber 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 November 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 December --- --- 0 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 0 4 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 Results presented as the number of fish per unit effort, where one unit of effort equals a 24-hour bottom set with an experimental gill net 125 ft long consisting of five 25-ft contiguous panels of , 3/4, 1, 1 , and 2-inch bow mesh. 2 Results from samples collected from 1973 through August 1977. 3 Results from samples collected from September 1977 through 1979.
TABLE 37 (cont'd) 1 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL GILL NET CATCHES 0F SELECTED SPECIES FROM LAKE ERIE IN THE VICINITY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION DISCHARGE (STATION 13) WHITE BASS
. Pre-Operational Data 2 Operational Data 3 h
Mon'.h Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev April 0 3 1 1 --- --- 0 --- May 0 3 1 1 0 2 1 1 June 0 6 3 3 8 43 26 25 July 0 6 3 3 4 25 15 15 August 1 29 9 .12 0 7 4 5 September 1 11 5 5 0 2 1 1 October 1 4 2 2 0 6 2 3 November 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 December --- --- 0 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 0 8 3 3 2 12 6 9 YELLOW PERCH April 10 119 55 47 --- --- 24 --- May 9 109 48 44 9 40 25 22 June 3 95 47 39 2 28 15 18 July 5 125 37 50 35 76 56 29 August 33 100 65 28 43 313 178 191 September 32 160 73 60 43 71 53 15 October 13 158 67 79 7 18 12 6-November 0 28 8 14 6 7 7 1 December --- --- 0 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 14 112 44 26 21 79 46 E6 1 Results presented as the number of fish per unit effort, where one unit of effort equals 1 a 24-hour bottom set with an experimental gill net o.5 ft long consisting of five 25-ft contiguous panels of 4, 3/4, 1, 14, and 2-inch bow mesh. Results from sa@les collected from 1973 through August 1977. ) Results from samples collected from September 1977 through 1979. 1
I
\
TABLE 38 I PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL GILL NET DATA FROM THE VICINITY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION INTAKE, DISCHARGE, AND TWO CONTROL STATIONS
*3 r STATION 3 s Pre-Operational Data 2 Operatior.al Data 3 Month Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean ,Std Dev April --- --- 197 --- --- --- 72 ---
May --- --- 49 --- 98 319 209 165 June --- --- 263 --- 102 239 171 97 July --- --- 110 --- 71 222 147 107 August --- --- 396 --- 241 267 254 13 September --- --- --- --- 178 481 331 151 October --- --- --- --- 31 178 108 74 November --- --- --- --- 162 1371 577 688 Decenter --- --- --- --- i I. Mean --- --- 203 135 126 440 234 161 l STATION 3 April 8 52 26 19 --- --- 33 l --- May 32 2077 676 959 20 134 77 81 June 62 260 154 98 69 196 133 90 July 85 179 122 45 86 262 174 124 August 89 166 135 38 > 122 208 165 61 September 61 343 203 124 I 174 221 191 26 October 95 652 257 342 25 93 57 34 i November 4 112 49 52 12 816 , 238 458 December --- --- 19 --- --- --- --- --- Mean 50 480 182 202 73 276 140 83 ,.
.l 1
Results presented as number of fish per unit effort, where one unit of effert equals a 24-hour bottom set with an experimental gill net 125 ft long consisting of five 25-ft c contiguous panels of , 3/4, 1, 1 , and 2-inch bar mesh. l 2 Results from samples collected from 1973 through August 1977. 3
- Results from samples collected from September 1977 through 1979.
l '
I
\
TABLE 38 (cont'd.) 1 PRE-0PERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL GILL NET DATA FROM THE VICINITY +' 0F THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION INTAKE,
-DISCHARGE, AND TWO CONTROL STATIONS STATION 13
,\ Pre-Operational Data 2 l Operational Data 3
.< \Mgnth l Min Max Mean Std Dev Min Max Mean Std Dev April S8 269 166 75 --- --- 88 ---
May 120 1381 573 558 29 270 150 170 , June 49 232 125 77 112 122 117 7 July 94 254 163 82 85 138 112 37 August 136 327 237 84 186 387 287 142 Septercer 73 382 270 141 122 366 206 138
' October 104 691 4 337 312 7 433 17? 225 November 6 200 76 94 85 1455 544 789 Decencer --- ---
14 --- --- --- --- --- Mea 6 E4 468 218 166 89 453 210 150 STATION 26 April --- --- 191 --- --- --- 47 --- May~ --- --- 44 --- 34 127 81 66 June --- --- 238 --- 101 175 138 52 July --- --- 41 --- 118 258 188 99 August --- --- 293 --- 345 348 347 . 2 Scotember --- --- --- --- 41 637 336 298 October --- --- --- --- 54 71 61 9 November --- --- --- --- 28 907 328 502 December --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- Mean --- --- 161 114 103 360 191 129 1 Results presented as number of fish per unit effort, where one unit of effort equals
-E a 24-hour bottom set with an experimental gill net 125 ft long consisting of five 25-ft l
. contiguous panels of b, 3/4,1,14, and 2-inch bar mesh.
2 Results from samples collected from 1973 through August 1977. 3 Results from samples collected from September 1977 through 1979. f f. l 5
-- *t-
1 TABLE 39 ICilTHYOPl.ANKTON SAMPLING DATES 4 Year , Month 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 . March April 22 6, 14, 30 20, 29 30 May 21 12, 25 10, 17, 27 21 22 1, 9, 31 , June 14 2, 15, 22 11, 17, 28 2, 13, 25 8, 20 5, 21 $ 5, 19 ' July 10 2, 13 8, 23, 29 5, 13, 20, 27 5, 12, 20 August 19 4, 30 9, 20, 31 12, 22 1, 11, 23 3, 15 September 12 2 October 16 ' i November 25
' TABLE 40 ICHTHYOPLANKTON DENSITIES IN THE VICINITY OF THE INTAKE -
)
0F THE DAVIS - BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION - 1978*
'~
DATE April May May June July July Aug. Aug. SPECIES 30 4 MEAN STAGE 11 21 7 19 1 11 Carp. Pro-larvae 0.3 0.04 Post-larvae Subtotal 0.3 0.04 Emerald Shiner Pro-larvae 14.7 1.84 Post-larvec 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.50 Subtotal 16.3 1.6 0.8 2.34 Freshwater Drum Pro-larvae 0.7 4.9 0.70 Post-larvae 0.4 0.05 Sub-total 0.7 5.3 0.75 Gizzard Shad Pro-larvae 16.4 0.4 2.10 Pos t-larvae 5.2 181.9 30.0 3.6 24.3 30.63 Subtotal 21.6 181.9 30.0 3.6 24.7 32.73 Rainbow Smelt Pro-larvae 0.7 - 0.09 Post-larvae 4.2 0.6 0.60 Subtotal 0.7 4.2 0.6 0.69
)
Spottail Shiner Prc-larvae 0.3 0.04 l Post-larvae 0.4 0.2 0.08 l Subtotal 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.11 Halleye Pro-larvae 79.2 4.0 10.40 Post-larvae Subtotal 79.2 4.0 10.40 Yellow Perch Pro-larvae 1.4 1.8 0.40 Post-larvae Subtotal 1.4 1.8 0.40 ( TOTAL LARVAE Pro-larvae 80.6 7.2 16.7 '19.9 0.4 15.60 Post-larvae 5.7 183.9 34.6 5.2 25.9 31.85 Subtotal 80.6 7.2 21.9 203.3 34.6 5.2 26.3 47.45 EGGS 2.4 0.30 Data presented as number of individuals per 100m 3and computed from 4 oblique tows (bottom to surface) collected at night.
' ~
TABLE 41 ICHTHYOPLANKTON DENSfTfES IN THE VIC1NITY OF THE INTAKE OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION - 1979* DAtt May May June June July July July August August LARVAL 1 31 5 21 5 11 19 2 15 PEAN
$PEC115 57Ar.15" Carg Stage 1 0.2 2.9 0.2 0.37 Stage 2 0.1 0.01 Stage 3 Suttatal 0.3 2.9 0.2 0.38 Emerale stage 1 10.5 144.2 1.6 0.5 0.2 17.44 shiner Stage 2 23.8 M.4 38.3 10.5 17.67 Stage 3 43.3 7.9 38.3 9.94 Suttatal 34.J 273.9 47.8 49.3 0.2 45.06 Fresheeter Stage 1 3.1 7.7 38.3 0.2 5.48 Orw Stage 2 4.8 0.5 0.59 Stage 3 1.0 4.8 0.64 Suttotal 3.1 12.4 39.3 5.5 6.70 l'
Citaard Stage 1 33.3 82.5 61.8 91.8 25.2 8.7 0.3 33.73 Shad stage 2 S.7 15.5 82.6 69.5 64.4 15.1 2.8 28.73 Stage 3 7.8 39.4 22.1 9.5 5.5 9.37 Suttatal 42.0 90.0 152.1 200.7 111.7 33.3 8.6 71.82 Logperch Stage 1 3.6 4.40 5tage 2 0.1 0.01 Stage 3 0.1 0.1 0.02 Sdtotal 3.6 0.1 0.2 0.43 Ratntes stage 1 0.2 33.5 0.6 3.81
$ melt Stage 2 9.0 0.1 2.8 1.3 1.47 5tage 3 0.5 0.4 0.10 Suttotal 9.2 33.5 0.6 0.4 3.4 1.3 5.38 Scottall Stage 1 1.9 0.21 shiner Stage 2 0.5 0.06 Stage 3 %
3dtotal O.5 1.9 0.27 Unidentafled 5tage & G.1 0.01 Stage 2 Stage 3 Setotal 0.1 0.01 Unidentified Stage 1 Perets stage 2 0.2 0.02 Stage 3
$dtstal 0.2 0.02 Unieentified Stage 1 0.1 0.01 Shiner Stage 2 0.1 0. 11 Stage 3 l Suttotal u 0.1 0.1 0.02 1 --
l Unteentified Stage 1 Sucker Stage 2 0.1 0.01 Stage 3 1 5dtatal 0.1 0.01 Walleye Stage 1 0.7 0.2 0.10 5tage 2 1.2 0.13 I stage 0.3 0.03
$dtatal 0.7 1.7 0.27 White less stage 1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.08 Stage 2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.1 0.6 0.17 Stage 3 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.12 Sustatal 0.2 0.4 1.1 0.4 1. 0 0.2 0.37 Whita stage 1 0.2 0.02 Sucker Stage 2 Stage 3 Sdtotal 0.2 0.02 Tellem Stage 1 7.0 16.4 2.60 Perch Stage 2 55.5 3.6 6.57 stage 3 14.7 5.0 0.2 2.21
$dtotal 77.2 25.0 0.2 11.38 Fres M ter 0.3 1.0 8.0 0.81 Crve Egg Total 5tage 1 0.7 40.8 135.9 75.8 244.6 65.7 10.1 0.7 64.03 Ichtnyeglant:en Stage 2 75.0 19.1 107.4 163.1 102.8 29.1 4.5 55.68 Stage 3 14.9 5.0 8.5 84.1 31.0 48.0 10 5 22.47 Egg 0.3 1.0 6.0 0.31 i Suttotal 0.7 130.7 160.0 192.0 494.9 205.5 87.1 15.8 142.97
=0ata presented as nummer of individuals per 100m3 and computed from 4 osittue tous (bottoo and surface) collected at nigns.
"This is the subtotal of the tarvel stages. It is the seen of the surface and bottom sensities. Stage 1
- proto-larvae, no rays in fin /finfeld.
Stage 2 = seso-larvae. first rey seen in median fins. Stage 3 = nota. larvae. pelvic fin oud is visible.
TABLE 42 , ICllTilV0 PLANKTON ENTRAINMENT AT Tile DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION - 1978 3c Number of Larvae Entrained Period During Volume of 3 Larvae /100m d S Confidence Interval 95% Confidence Interval Species c re withdrawn ring Mean Lower Limit Upper Limit Mean Lower Limit Upper Limit period h Carp 21 Jur:e - 12 July 20,443 0.32 -0.69 1.32 6,542 0 26,985 Emerald Shiner 21 June - 17 August 73,704 4.68 -7.70 17.05 344,935 0 1,256,653 Frashwater Drum 16 May - 12 July 49,951 2.00 -5.15 9.15 99,902 0 457,052i Gizzard Shad 30 May - 17 August 91,598 52.36 -38.38 143.00 4,796,071 0 13,098,514 E Rainbow Smelt 16 May - 17 August 103,211 0.92 -0.80 2.64 94,954 0 272,477
- Spottall Shiner 30 May - 17 August 91,598 0.18 -0.04 0.40 16,488 0 36,639 Walleye 6 May - 30 May 22.037 41.60 -436.15 519.35 916,739 0 11,444,915 Yellow Perch 6 May - 30 May 22,037 1.60 -0.94 4.14 35,259 0 91,233 TOTAL LARVAE 6,310,890 EGGS 30 May - 21 June 18,449 2.40 -5.24 10.04 44,278 0 185,228 a See discussion on page 1.
Estimated from Table 1. b Estimated by multiplying daily discharge rate by 1.3 and adding all daily estimates for the specified period. c Average concentration during their period of occurrence, d Values which would have been less than zero were rounded back to zero.
-~
n i TABLE 43
- ICHTHt0 PLANKTON ENTRAllmENT AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION - 1979 Period Suring volume of larusell00n 3C Ihater of terese Entg ined I "
I
$,,gg,,
h g ',' 955 Confidence Interve L 955Confidencg_jeterval Pert Itran temer tielt Deer tielt Iteen tener tielt Mpper tielt Carp 13 June-15 July 48.903 1.13 0.20 2.06 47.350 8.388 86.320 l faereld Shiner 13 June-9 August M 023 St.Il 33.83 128.39 6.845.306 2.M2.498 10,787.713 frutaseter true 13 June-9 August M 023 12.07 6.M 37.30 3.014.155 574,717 8.453.He Elsaard Shed 16 ptsy-9 August 110,283 92.37 62.66 122.08 10.186.348 6.910.333 13.#1.M9 tegperch 2 June ,-8 July 43.542 1.30 0.36 2.24 16.605 15.675 97.5M Salabou 5 melt 16 fisy-9 August 110.283 6.92 4.27 9.57 763.15e 470.90s 1,055.4ns Spottall Shiner 13 June-8 July 32.771 1.17 -l.C* 3.35 38.342 0 109.783 linidentified 13 June-28 June 20.474 0.06 -0.30 0.20 1.024 0 4.095 a Unidentitled Perctd 16 shy-2 June 16.302 0.24 -0.52 1.00 3.912 0 16.302 $ Unidentified Shiner 13 June-4 July 32.773 0.00 .05 0.25 2.622 0 6.882 e unidentified Sucker 28 June-8 July 83.477 0.12 -0.26 8.54 3,617 8 6.739 Welleye 26 April-2 June 34.13e 0.64 1.80 48.648 28.048 64,448 3.2l White Bass 16 lesy-9 Ampst 180.283 0.47 0.22 0.72 51,833 24.262 79.404 White Sucker 8 July-15 July 10.182 0.75 -0.33 0.64 1.517 0 6.472 Vellem Perch 16 May-28 June 46.735 34.13 27.67 40.59 1.595,066 1.293.157 1.896.974 ! , TOTAL LARUAC 20,620.799
- f. Drum Eggs 13 June-15 July 41.903 2.42 0.85 3.99 101.405 35.688 167.193 ,
10IAL lCHINV0PtANEIGIl 20,722,204
'Estlested frue Table 1. See discussten en page 1.
(stleuted by multiplying delly discharge rate by 1.3 and adding all delly estinetes for the specified perled. 0
' Average concentratten during their period of tccurrence.
l Values uhtch mould have been less than aero mere rounded back to aere. 1 l j i 2
TABLE 44 TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION
. ROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1978 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/N0 OPERATION 2 January 1978 22.09 22.41 Y 46.41 4 21.30 22.00 Y 47.59 5
16.15 17.05 N 19.05 6 16.39 17.17 Y 24.12 8 16.01 16.37 Y 47.20 12 16.45 17.15 N 96.73 14 17.50 18.30 N 49.15 20 20.15 20.45 Y 146.15 22 17.30 18.00 l Y 45.55 , 24 17.00 18.24 Y 48.24 28 " 18.00 19.30 Y 97.06 30 20.30 21.00 Y 49.70 1 February 1978 20.45 21.15 N 48.15 3 20.55 21.25
- Y 48.10 5 16.45 17.16 Y 43.91 7 17.30 18.00 Y 46.84 9 "
21.00 21.30 Y 51.30 11 17.40 18.15 Y 44.85 13 20.00 20.40 Y 50.25 17 17.00 17.30 Y 92.90 19
- 17. 12 17.45 Y 48,15 21 20.30 -
21.20 N 51.75
- 22 18.40 17.20 N 20.00 23 19.55 20.50 N 27.30
" if 25 20.57 21.40 48.90 27 18.10 19.40 Y 46.00 1 March 1978 23.00 23.40 N 52.00 2 16.30 17.10 N 17.70 3 18.00 18.35 Y 25.25 5
20.30 21.00 Y 50.65 6 21.30 22.00 N 25.00 7 20.15 20.50 Y 22.50 10 19.40 20.10 Y 71.60 11 19.10 19.45 Y 23.35 12 17.20 17.50 N 22.05 13 17.30 18.00 N 24.50 15 17.50 18.22 Y 48.22 17 18.50 19.20 Y 48.98 19 20.40 21.12 Y 49.92 21 19.58 20.28 N 47.16 23 " 20.50 21.26 Y 48.98 25 22.40 23.10 Y 49.84 20 18.00 18.30 N 19.20 27 20.00 21.05 N 26.75 29 21.19 21.56 Y 48.51
l TA8LE 44 (Con't.) t. TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-8 ESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION i q FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1978 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF yES/N0 OPERATION 2 April 1978 19.06 13.40 y 93.84 3 20.15 20.50 N 25.10
- 4. "
20.00 20.30 N 23.80 7 19.40 20.40 N 72.10 8 20.30 21.00 y 24.60 9 20.10 20.40 N 23.40 10 21.00 22.00 y 25.60 12 20.50 21.20 y 47.20 13 20.30 21.00 N 23.80 14 20.30 21.00 y 24.00 15 17.00 17.45 N 20.45 16 16.58 17.36 y 23.91 17 16.30 17.45 N 24.09 18 17.25 17.55 y 24.10 19 16.20 17.00 N 23.45 20 16.37 17.13 y 24.13 22 18.00 10.35 y 49.22 24 17.32 18.05 y 47.70
\ 26 17.15 17.45 y 47.40 28 18.00 18.30 y 48.85 30 . 23.20 23.50 y 53.20 '
1 May 1978 18.30 - 19.00 N 19.50 2 18.45 19.15 y 24.15 5 10.30 11.00 N 63.85 r 6 21.15 21.45 - y 34.45 8 20.25 20.55 y 47.10 10 16.55 17.25 y 44.70 12 22.00 22.30 y 53.05 14 16.30 17.00 y 42.70 16 16.35 17.05 y 48.05 t 18 16.10 16.40 y 47.35 t 20 17.00 17.30 N 48.90 l 22 19.00 20.30 y 51.00 24 16.32 17.04 y 44.74 26 - 14.40 15.10 y 46.06 28 18.03 18.33 y 51.23 30 15.45 16.15 i 45.82 l 1 June 1978 16.25 17.00 y 48.85 3 14.50 15.20 y 46.20 5 18.55 19.35 y 52.15 6 18.30 19.15 N 23.80 7 21.05 21.35 y 26.20 l 9 21.36 22.06 y 48.71 l 10 16.15 16.36' N 18.30 I. 11 17.55 18.30 y 25.94
TABLE 44(Con't.) TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 OECEMBER 1978 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/NO OPERATION 12 June 1978 17.C0 17.30 N 23.00 13 16.35 17.05 Y 23,75 15 12.52 13.24 Y 44.19 16 18.40 19.10 N 29.86 17 13.39 14.10 Y 13.00 19 18.45 19.25 N 53.15 20 16.25 16.55 N 21.30 21 16.07' 16.37 Y 23.82 23 14.25 14.55 Y 46.18 25 16.10 16.50 Y 49.95 27 20.30 21.15 N 52.65 28 17.25 17.50 N 20.35 a 29 15.50 16.20 Y 22.70 30 16.00 16.30 N 24.10 2 July 1973 18.00 18.30 Y 50.00 4 17.15 17.45 Y 47.15 6 16.20 16.55 Y 47.10' 8 14.20 14.50 Y 45.95 ') l 9 18.20 18.50 N 28.00 10 18.40 19.20 Y 24.70 11 20.45 21.16 Y 25.96 13 21.15 - 21.45 N 48.29 14 ". 18.45 19.15 Y 21.70 15 16.25 16.55 N 21.40 16 16.30 17.00 Y 24.45 17 19.20 19.50 Y 26.50 20 20.15 20.50 Y 73.00 22 19.25 19.55 Y 47.05 24 17.00 17.30 Y 45.75 25 20.45 21.20 Y 27.90 26 20.15 20.45 Y 23.25 27 16.55 17.25 N 20.80 28 18.25 19.00 Y 25.75 30 17.16 17.46 Y 46.46 1 August 1978 17.00 17.30 Y 47.84 2 16.20 16.50 N 23.20 3 16.35 17.05 Y 24.55 4 19.00 19.30 N 26.25 5 19.02 19.37 Y 24.07 7 16.45 17.15 Y 45.78 9 19.30 20.00 Y 50.85 11 16.20 16.50 Y 44.50 13 16.43 17.18 N 48.68 14 22.00 22.30 N 29.12 17 20.20 ,21.30 N 71.00
l TAPLE 44 (Con't.) TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION ! FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1978 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH :00RS SINCE DATE COLLECTION* LAST' SCREEN ON OFF YES/N0 OPERATION 19 August 1978 18.55 19.29 Y 45.99 21 19.20 20.15 Y 48.86 23 20.15 20.45 Y 48.30 25 18.35 19.10 Y 46.65 26 18.05 18.50 N 23.40 27 17.37 18.14 Y 23.64 29 16.45 17.1b Y 47.01 31 17.30 18.00 Y 48.85 1 September 1978 16.38 17.08 N 23.08 3 16.13 16.43 Y 47.35 4 , 16.35 17.25 Y 24.82 6 16.52 17.23 Y 47.98 8 18.07 18.37 Y 49.14
- 10 17.20 18.00 Y 47.63 12 20.13 20.45 Y 50.45 14 19.15 19.50 Y 47.05 16 17.30 18.20 N 46.70 18 21.30 22.05 Y 51.85 t 19 "- 22.15 22.50 N 24.45 20 20.00 20.30 Y 21.80 22 23.00 23.30 Y 51.00 24 17.20 - 18.05 N 42.75 25 20.35 21.05 N 27.00 28 19.00 1945 Y 70.30 30 16.55 17.25 Y 45.90 2 October 1978 19.25 19.55 Y 50.30 3 18.20 18.40 N 22.85 l 4 17.45 18.15 Y 23.75 16.30 17.01 22.86 5 N 6 20.25 21.00 N 27.99 9 16.25 16.55 N 67.55 10 17.05 17.36 Y 24.81
, 11 15.05 15.35 N 21.99 12 18.43 19.17 Y 27.82 13 16.40 17.10 N 21.93 14 21.34 22.04 Y 28.94 16 17.00 17.30 Y 43.26 , 20 17.20 17.50 Y 96.20 22 21.45 22.20 Y 52.70 25 18.20 18.50 N 68.20 26 16.30 17.00 Y 22.50 28 20.05 20.40 Y 51.40 30 21.10 21.45 Y 49.05 _. ,,7 , , , _ _ , , , . . _ . _ _ _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - - _
f TABLE 44(Con't.) I TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1978 l TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREED ON OFF YES/NO OPERATION 1 November 1978 . 18.45 19.17 Y 45.72 3 20.45 21.18 Y 50.01 5 20.08 20.40 Y 47.22 6 16.25 16.55 N 20.15 7 16.48 17.12 Y 24.57 8 16.40 17.10 N 23.98 9 16.50 17.20 Y 24.10 11 18.25 18.55 Y 49.35 12 17.05 17.35 N 22.80 13 18.15 18.35 Y 25.00 14 16.26 17.00 N 22.65 15 18.30 19.00 Y 26.00 17 20.05 20.57 N 49.57 20 19.45 20.30 N 71.73 21 20.50 21.20 N 24.90 23 16.15 16.45 Y 43.25 24 19.00 20.08 N 27.63 25 20.00 20.30 Y 24.22
. 27 20.30 21.00 Y 48.70 29
* - 20.15 20.45 Y 47.45 1 December 1978 19.15 19.45 Y 47.00 3
16.28 17.08 Y. 45.63 - 5 16.00 17.34 N 48.26 6 17.55 18.25 Y 24.91 9 17.55 18.25 N 72.00 10 19.46 20.23 N 25.98 11 16.30 17.00 N 20.77 12 17.45 18.15 N 25.15 13 18.04 18.34 Y 24.19 15 17.20 17.50 Y 47.16 17 18.45 19.15 Y 49.65 18 17.34 18.10 N 22.95 19 22.20 22.50 Y 28.40 20 18.20 18.50 N 20.00 21
"
- 16.25 16.59 Y 22.09 23 -
19.45 20.15 Y 51.56 24 19.35 20.05 N 23.90 25 21.50 22.20 Y 26.15 27 17.30 18.00 N 43.80
" 19.37 20.07 N 26.07 28 Y 24.43 21
" 20.20 20.50
" 17.30 19.30 N 22.80 30 Y 23.78 31
" 18.35 19.08
( TABLE 45 TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1979 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/NO OPERATION 1 January 0.01 0.31 N 0.31 2 January 19.20 21.45 N 45.14 4 January 17.55 18.26 Y 44.81 6 January 20.25 20.55 Y 50.29 8 January 16.00 17.54 N 44.99 10 January 17.20 17.52 Y 47.98 12 January 17.40 18.15 Y 48.63 13 January 16.05 16.35 N 22.20 14 January 19.20 19.50 Y 27.15 16 January 18.26 18.56 Y 47.06 17 January 16.12 16.42 N 21.86 , 20 January 17.20 18.45 N 74.03 24 January 11.50 17.30 N 94.85 ( 26 January 18.55 19.25 N 49.95 27 January 16.27 16.57 N 21.32 28 January 16.30 17.00 N 24.43 1 February 19.39 20.09 N 99.09 2 Feb.uary 20.15 21.00 N 24.91 3 February 21.07 21.40 Y 24.40 5 February 17.30 . 18.00 Y 44.60 7 February 18.19 18.57 N 48.57 9 February 17.00 17.35 Y 46.78 11 Feb,uary 19.32 20.05 Y 50.70 13 February 18.20 18.50 N 46.45 15 February 19.10 19.41 N 48.91 16 February 18.55 19.25 N 23.84 17 February 17.02 17.35 Y 22.10 19 February 17.50 18.25 Y 48.90 20 February 17.00 17.35 N 23.10 21 February 18.45 19.15 Y 25.80 23 February 19.10 19.40 Y 48.25 24 February 21.45 22.25 N 26.85 25 February 21.05 21.31 Y 23.06 26 February 21.00 21.30 N 23.99 27 February 17.50 18.25 Y 20.95 l 28 February 22.00 22.30 N 28.05 1 March 21.22 21.52 Y 23.22 3 March 19.33 20.03 Y 46.51 5 March 16.10 16.40 Y 44.37 (
TABLE 45(con't) TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1979 i TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE . COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/M0 OPERATION 7 March 16.52 17.22 Y 48.82 i 9 March 16.10 16.40 Y 47.18 10 March 21.15 21.45 N 29.05 11 March 19.30 20.00 Y 22.55 13 March 17.17 17.50 Y 45.50 17 March 19.50 20.25 N 98.75 18 March 16.45 17.15 N 20.90 19 March 20.15 20.45 Y 27.30
- 21 March 16.13 16.43 Y 43.98 22 March 17.03 17.33 N 24.90 23 March 19.50 20.20 Y 26.87 24 March 16.58 17.30 N 21.10 25 March 16.40 17.10 Y 23.80 26 March 16.03 16.36 N 23.26 27 March 18.40 17.12 Y 24.76 28 March 17.30 18.00 N 24.88 31 March 16.20 16.50 Y 70.50 ;
2 April 18.10 18.42 Y 49.92 3 April 21.00 21.30 Y 26.88 4 April 20.50 21.26 N 23.96 6 April 21.40 22.10 Y 48.84 8 April 17.27 18.00 Y 43.90 9 April 19.45 20.20 N 26.20 10 April 18.10 18.40 Y 22.20 12 April 18.15 18.45 Y 48.05 13 April 19.44 20.20 N 25.75 14 April 16.30 17.00 N 20.80 16 April 18.55 19.27 N 50.27 18 April 20.45 21.15 N 49.88 19 April 22.30 23.00 N 25.85 20 April 22.00 22.38 Y 23.38 21 April 16.50 17.25 Y 18.87 22 April 18.40 19.10 N 25.85 7 23 April 17.20 18.00 Y 22.90 24 April 18.00 18.30 N 24.30 25 April 18.43 19.09 Y 24.79 26 April 16.35 17.06 N 21.97 27 April 16.50 17.25 N 24.19 28 April 16.55 17.30 N 24.05 29 April 19.30 20.00 Y 26.70 30 Aoril 19.50 20.20 Y 24.20 l
,--, w w
TABLE 45 (con't) TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM i JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1979 - TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE . COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/N0 OPERATION 1 May 19.45 20.21 N 24.01 3 May 19.30 20.02 Y 47.81 4 May 16.50 17.20 N 21.18 5 May 16.05 16.35 N 23.15 7 May 18.25 18.55 Y 50.20 8 May 16.45 17.15 N 22.60 9 May 18.20 18.50 Y 25.35 11 May 17.35 18.05 Y 47.55 12 May 20.10 20.40 N 26.35 13 May 18.36 19.06 Y 22.66 13 May 17.17 17.49 Y 46.43 16 May 19.55 20.30 N 26.81 17 May 19.16 19.46 Y 23.16 ( 19 May - 20.05 20.35 Y 48.89 20 May 17.18 17.48 N 21.13 21 May 17.17 17.48 . Y 24.00 22 May 17.17 17.48 N 24.00 23 May 16.37 17.08 Y 23.60 24 May 15.30 16.00 Y 22.92 8 June 16.25 17.00 N 361.00 9 June 19.15 19.45 N 25.45 10 June 22.30 23.00 N 27.55 11 June 19.30 20.25 N 21.25 12 June 17.43 18.15 N ' 21.90 13 June 2'.15
. 23.45 N 29.30 14 June 22.30 23.00 N 23.55 15 June 23.20 23.50 N 24.50 .
17 June 21.38 22.08 Y 46.58 19 June 18.45 19.15 Y 45.07 21 June 18.18 19.19 N 48.04 23 June 18.40 19.15 N 47.96 25 June 20.25 21.25 Y 50.10 26 June 16.15 17.15 N 19.90 27 June 17.45 18.35 Y 25.20 28 June 22.05 22.35 N 28.00 29 Junt 1.00 , 1.30 Y 2.95
.l
TABLE 45 (con't) TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1979 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH - HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/NO OPERATION 1 July 20.55 21.25 Y 67.95 3 July 21.20 22.00 N 48.75 4 July 23.00 24.00 N 26.00 5 July 16.45 17.25 N 17.25 7 July 20.00 21.00 Y 51.75 8 July 22.00 23.00 N 26.00 9 July 18.35 19.35 Y 20.35 10 July 20.30 21.30 N 25.95 11 July 19.40 20.40 N 23.10 12 July 21.00 22.00 N 25.60 13 July 20.05 21.05 Y 23.05 14 July 18.15 18.45 N 21.40 15 July 18.30 19.00 Y 24.55 , 16 July 17.30 18.00 N 23.00 17 July 20.10 20.40 Y 26,40 18 July 17.20 17.50 N 21.10 19 July 19.10 21.00 Y 27.50 20 July 17.20 18.10 N 21.10 21 July 19.55 20.45 Y 26.35 22 July 20.00 20.30 N 23.85 25 July 20.12 20.42 Y 72.12 27 July 19.30 20.30 Y 47.88 28 July 16.45 17.15 N 20.85 29 July 16.15 19.16 Y 26.01 30 July 17.06 18.06 N 22.90 31 July 18.35 19.35 Y 25.29 1 August 16.30 17.30 N 21.95 2 August 16.45 17.45 Y 24.15 3 August 16.15 17.15 N 23.70 4 August 17.25 18.25 N 25.10 6 August 17.10 17.40 Y 47.15 7 August 16.00 17.00 N 23.60 8 August 17.35 18.05 Y 25.05 9 August 17.15 18.15 N 24.10 10 August 16.35 17.31 Y 23.16 11 August 18.45 19.15 N 25.84 13 August 21.45 22.15 Y 51.00 15 August 17.00 17.30 N 43.15 17 August 18.00 18.40 Y 49.10 18 August 20.05 20.40 N 26.00 1 19 August 16.45 17.45 Y 21.05
4 TABLE 45 (con't) TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1979 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/NO OPERATION 20 August 20.30 21.30 N 27.85 21 August 17.00 18.00 Y 20.70 22 August 17.50 18.50 N 24.50 23 August 17.45 18.45 Y 23.95 24 August 20.55 22.00 N 27.55 25 August 17.00 18.00 Y 20.00 27 August 16.20 17.20 Y 47.20 28 August 18.50 19.50 N 26.30 29 August 16.45 17.45 Y 21.95 30 August 22.05 23.05 N 29.60 1 September 16.45 17.15 N 42.10 2 September 16.50 17.20 Y 24.05 3 September 16.45 17.15 N 23.95 ( 4 September 16.50e 17.20 Y 24.05 5 September 16.50 17.20 N 24.00 6 September 16.45 17.15 Y 23.95 7 September 17.00 17.40 N 24.25 8 September 18.12 19.18 Y 25.78
'9 September 18.30 19.45 N 24.27 10 September 17.30 18.45 N 23.00 11 September 17.40 18.40 N 23.95 12 September 19.25 20.33 Y 25.93 13 September 16.40 18.15 N 21.82 14 September 16.38 17.40 Y 23.25 15 September 20.00 21.00 N 27.60 16 September 16.31 17.02 N 20.02 17 September 16.35 17.05 N 24.03 .
18 September 19.02 19.35 Y 26.30 20 September 18.40 19.10 Y 47.75 21 September 16.25 16.55 N 21.45 22 September 16.35 17.05 Y 24.50 23 September 16.15 16.50 N 23.45 24 September 16.54 17.27 Y 24.77 25 September 16.20 16.57 N 23.30 26 September 17.00 17.35 Y 24.78 28 September 16.40 17.10 N 23.75 29 September 16.11 16.44 Y 23.34 31 September 17.06 18.09 N 49.65 1 October 20.06 21.07 N 26.98 t 2 October 20.00 21.02 Y 23.95 4 October 17.14 18.25 Y 45.23 6 October 20.50 21.20 Y 50.95
-r - .-. -. - , - , , , - -
TABLE 45(con't) TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1979 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/NO OPERATION 7 October 18.35 19.05 N 21.85 8 October 20.11 20.41 Y 25.36 9 October 20.30 21.00 N 24.59 10 October 21.00 21.30 Y 24.30 11 October 23.00 23.30 N 26.00 13 October 16.50 18.05 N 42.75 14 October 17.08 18.10 Y 24.05 15 October 21.10 22.20 N 28.10 16 October 21.20 22.25 Y 24.05 17 October 21.05 22.10 N 23.85 25.00 18 October 22.05 - 23.10 Y 19 October 21.05 22.10 N 23.00 20 October 16.50 18.10 Y 20.00 21 October 16.35 17.35 N 23.25 22 October 16.38 17.38 Y . 24.03 23 October 16.40 17.00 N 23.62 - 24 October 16.45 18.00 N 25.00 25 October 16.45 17.45 N 23.45 26 October 16.05 17.15 Y 23.70 30 October 16.06 17.15 Y 96.00 31 October 18.30 19.30 N 26.15 1 November 23.15 23.45 Y 28.15 2 November 20.40 21.10 N 21.65 3 November 17.10 17.43 Y 20.33 4 November 23.00 23.30 N 29.87 5 November 23.20 23.40 Y 24.10 7 November 21.10 22.40 Y 47.00 8 November 17.45 18.45 N 20.05 9 November 21.18 22.20 Y 27.75 10 November 22.00 23.00 N 24.80 11 November 18.00 19.00 N 20.00 12 November 17.07 18.07 N 23.07 13 November 17.22 18.25 Y 24.18 14 November 16.37 17.37 N 23.12 15 November 16.57 18.00 Y 24.63 16 November 19.13 20.25 N 26.25 17 November- 21.15 22.20 Y 25.95 18 November 20.40 21.45 N 23.25 19 November 22.00 23.10 Y 25.65 20 November 19.20 19.50 N 20.40 , l l l l l
( TABLE 45(con't) TRAVELING SCREEN OPERATION AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION FROM 1 JANUARY TO 31 DECEMBER 1979 TIME OF SCREEN OPERATION FISH HOURS SINCE DATE COLLECTION LAST SCREEN ON OFF YES/NO OPERATION 21 November 19.12 20.15 Y 24.65 22 November 19.07 20.25 N 24.10 23 November 17.15 18.30 Y 22.05 24 November 21.10 22.10 N 27.80 25 November 19.30 20.30 Y 22.20 26 November 20.55 22.05 N 25.75 27 November 18.40 19.40 Y 21.35 28 November 20.35- 22.00 N 26.60 29 November 19.10 20.10 Y 22.10 30 November 21.00 22.30 N 26.20 3 December 19.46 20.00 Y 69.70 5 December 16.30 17.05 Y 45.05 ( 7 December 21.12 21.45 Y 52.40 8 December 20.30 21.30 N 23.85 9 December . 17.20 18.10 Y 20.80 10 December 20.40 21.30 N 27.20 11 December 21.00 21.30 Y 24.00 12 December 19.00 19.30 N 22.00 13 December 17.05 17.35 Y 22.05 15 December 21.12 21.42 Y 52.07 16 December 16.30 17.05 N 19.63 17 December 17.00 17.30 Y 24.25 19 December 19.07 19.37 Y 50.07 20 December 16.40 17.10 N 21.73 , 21 December 19.00 19.30 Y 26.20 22 December 20.43 23.10 N 27.80 23 December 21.20 23.00 Y 23.90 24 December 21.20 22.00 N 23.00 25 December 19.10 20.15 Y 22.15 26 December 19.30 20.10 N 23.95 ! 27 December 27.20 22.30 Y 26.20 29 December 17.20 21.10 Y 46.80 31 December 22.00 23.30 Y 50.20 i
i TABLE 46 FISH SPECIES IMPINGED AT Tile DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR P9WER STATION: 1 January through 31 December 1978 NUMBER IMPINGED WEIGilT(grams) LENGTH (mm) 95% Confidence 95% Confidence 95% Confidence + SPECIES Interval Interval Interval Estimate Pe Mean Lower Upper Mean Lower Upper - d u, Bound Bound Bound Bound i Alewife 4 1 9 4 0 8 75 39 110 Black Crapple 82 53 128 17 16 17 117 116 119 , 1 Blackside Darter 1 0.5 4 1
*
- 27
- 8 Bluegill Sunfish 5 3 9 10 9 10 68 67 68 Bluntnose Minnow 1 1 3 1 25 ,
Carp 6 3 15 2 1 ,3 56 51 60 Channel Catfish 3 1 7 0.4 59 Emerald Shiner 991 636 1,545 1 1 1 60 60 61 Freshwater Drum 80 55 114 4 3 4 81 78 83 Gizzard Shad 391 201 758 7 6 8 88 87 90 Goldfish 3,299 2,435 4,468 5 5 6 72 71 73 Green Sunfish 5 3 11 12 9 16 58 48 68 Logperch Darter 12 8 21 2 1 2 63 60 67 Pumpkinseed Sunfish 9 3 24 11 9 3 13 82 77 87
, Rainbow Smelt 69 45 107 I 1 1 60 59 61 Spotta11 Shiner 15 9 25 2 2 2 65 63 66 !
Stonecat Madtom 1 1 3 1 30 Trout-perch 29 20 41 4 4 5 80 77 82 ! White Crapple 22 15 31 8 8 8 88 85 91 Yellow Perch 1,582 1,082 2,312 5 5 5 83 83 84 TOTAL 6,607 5,447 8,015 5 5 5 74 74 75
- Confidence intervals could not be computed when no more than one representative of a given species occurred. ,
^
TABLE *47 :- FISH SPECIES. IMPINGED AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION: 1 January through 31 December 1979 NUMBER IMPINGED WEIGHT (grams) LENGTH (mm) 95% Confidence 95% Confidence 95% Confidence i SPECIES Interval Interval Interval Lower Upper Mean Upper Es timate Mean Lower Upper Lower Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Bound Alewife 1 0 5 0 100 Black Bullhead 17 17 17 2 -1 5 59 57 60 Black Crappie 28 14 54 8 -27 44 81 70 91 E;
~
Brown Bullhead 11 7 17 12 12 12 63 83 83 i Carp 3 1 9 12 99 Emerald Shiner 2 14 90 511 1 1 1 55 54 55 Freshwater Drum 115 61 218 4 -1 8 82 79 84 Gizzard Shad 162 95 275 8 0 15 91 88 93 , Goldfish 3449 2266 5248 5 1 9 70 70 71 Lo9 perch Darter 21 13 34 2 -2 7 66 63 70 Pumpkinseed Sunfish * * *
- 3 1 9 1 36 Rainbow Snelt 32 18 55 2 -8 12 64 58 70 Spottail Shiner 9 5 16 3 -17 24 69 58 81 Troutperch 5 2 15 4 -l 8 83 78 88 I Unidentified Sunfish 1 0 5 1 32 White Bass 3 1 12 4 81 White Crappie 23 13 40 6 -16 28 m 69 62 75 White Perch 3 1 9 2 2 2 62 60 64 Yellcw Perch 285 129 631 5 -3 13 76 73 78 TOTAL 4335 3128 6149 5 2 8 71 70 71
- Confidence intervals could not be computed when no more than one representative of a given species occurred.
] .
Tabs.E 48 A SUtttARY OF MONTilLY FISit IMPINGEMENT AT Tile DAVIS-BESSE HUCLEAR POWER STATIONS: 1 January through 31 December 1978 NUMBER IMPINGED WEIGitT(grams) LENGTH (mm) 951 Confidence 95% Confidence 951 Confidence MONTilS Interval Interval Interval Estimate "PPe tiean Lower Upper Mean Lower Upper d Bo n Bound Bound Bound Bound January 45 31 66 13 12 14 104 102 106 February 17 9 31 5 5 6 76 72 79 , March 13 7 25 4 4 4 72 70 73 g April 2,875 2,157 3,833 5 5 6 79 78 79 7 May 648 479 874 5 4 5 79 78 79 June 45 29 69 12 7 17 92 86 98 July 7 5 11 9 9 9 79 77 81 August 4 2 8 3r 9 14 100 90 110 September 19 12 32 11 9 12 83 80 87 October 28 18 43 10 9 11 59 55 64 November 576 314 1,058 3 3 3 62 61 63 December 2,330 1,594 3,406
- 3 3 3 68 67 69 TOTAL 6,607 5,447 8,015 5 5 5 74 74 75 i .
I L
~_
TABLc 49 A SUtfiARY OF HONTHLY FISif IMPINGEfiENT AT THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATIONS: 1 January through 31 December 1979 NUMBER IMPINGED WEIGHT (grams) LENG1:1 (mm) ' 95% Confidence 95% Confidence 95% Confidence HONTHS Interval Interval Interval LNer UPPer tiean Lower Upper Lower Upper Estimate Bound Bound Mean Bound Bound Bound Bound January 2429 1363 4335 4 1 6 71 70 71 February 30 17 52 3 -4 10 62 58 66 , March 501 345 726 3 -0 7 64 63 65 g i April 753 498 1137 3 -l 7 66 65 67 Y May 16 9 29 3 0 5 63 61 64 June 20 6 66 7 -42 56 77 65 89 July 29 18 45 18 -18 53 108 100 116 August 54 39 76 17 -177 210 63 51 76 September 35 20 60 5 13 22 62 52 71 October 2 0 8 18 97 147 83 269 11 1 21 83 81 86 November 367 172 786 9 5 13 84 83 85 December TOTAL 4385 3128 6149 5 2 8 71 70 71 i
TABLE 50 ESTIMATE 01978 SPORT AND C0 tit 1ERCIAL FISil llARVEST FR0t1 Tile 01110 UATERS OF LAKE ERIE
- SPORT llARVEST C0FriERCIAL llARVEST TOTAL llARVEST No. o f Weight No. of Weight No. of Weiglit Individuals (Kilograms) Individuals (Kilograms) Individuals (Kilograms)
Yellow Perch 11,483,000 1,116,386 9,178,000 b 890,294 20,661,000 2,006,680 f i Walleye 1,652,000 1,515,906 O 0 1,652,000 1,515,906 b 1,071,667 White Bass 1,533,000 334,825 3,38D,000 736,842 4,913,000 8 ) Freshwater Drum 668,000 363,200 981,000 b 533,904 1,649,000 897,104 g Channel Catfish 218,000 86,033 235,000 b 92,843 453,000 178,876 ' I Smallmouth Bass 32,000 20,203 O O 32,000 20,203 Others c c 1,867,983d _ 1,867,983e TOTAL 15,586,000e 3,436,553e _ 4,121,866 _ 7,648,419 i a Scholl (1979). b Estimated based on mean weight of sport fish.
' Data not available.
d Thirty-eight percent carp. i
- Excludes weight of "Others" caught by sport fishermen.
Closed to commercial fishing. -
TABLE 51 COMMERCIAL FISH LANDINGS FPOM Tile 0ll10 WATERS OF LAKE ERIE: 1974-1979* SPECIES 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 i Buffalo 14.528 14,982 13,620 15,890 16,344 14 ,982 Bullhead 12,258 14,074 ,19,522 29,056 32,688 24,062 Carp 1,284,366 1,265,298 1,196,290 1,249,408 701,430 883,938 Channel Catfish 136,200 117,586 101,242 115,316 92,843 107,144 Freshwater Drum 307,812 340,500 432,208 361,838 533,904 574,764 j, Gizzard Shad ** ** 274,216 -228,816 706,878 863,962 ES Goldfish 29,510 23,608 60,836 250,154 343,678 98,064 Quillback ** ** 57,658 46,762 46,762 36,320 4,994 ** Rainbow Smelt 2,270 4,086 15,890 454 Sucker 39,952 24,516 28,602 14,982 14,982 17,706 White Bass 1,314,330 760,450 680,546 501,216 736,842 866,232 Yellow Perch 797,678 675,552 652,852 1,051,918 890.294 1,189,934 TOTAL 3,934,364 3,241,106 3,533,482 3,865,810 4,122,774 4,677,108
- Ohio Dept. of Natural Resources (1980). Data presented in kilograms.
- Data not available.
,g7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9 1 9 7 0 4 7 1 1 0 8 9 1 8 8 0 3 9 1 2 4 9 5 2 81 8 3 4 2 4 2 8 1 0, 7 8 1, 4 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8 2 5 4 1 8 2 7 4 2 7 2 0 3 3 5 7 9 1 2 5 7 4 9 0 4 4 0 1 3 2 9 1 8 1 6 7 3 0, 2 1 1
)
s m a r g - o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M l 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O Ra i 0, 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, K 7 1 3 F9 ( 7 5 4 7 9 0 8 9 0 3 7 0 9 1 7 9 1 3 7 3 6 3 2 5 4 0 1 3 3 6 S9 T 1 4, 1 5 2 2 7, 2 G1 t i N G 1 9 I - I 2 D E 5 N5 W A7 L9 E l 1 L i B 3 c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0c 0 0c 0c 0 0 0 A 1 : 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 T FE I 6 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, e 7 LR 9 3 4 4 5 9 1 1 8 5 8 8 AE 1 4 6 4 5 1 0 6 5 4 4 3 I CE 4, 1 6 3 8, 1
+
RK 1 7 EA ML O C c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0c 0 0c 0c 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 7 9 0 9 1 7 8 1 6 0 8 2 4 1 3 6 9 9 3 - 2 6 8 5 1 1 5 1 4, 6, 1 7 S h m E s u h I i r s t C f D d i l E t a r h a f e en P t k S s S C e S d t h l c s b o a l a d s h aW w a h e n l e e w r i b o B r s y i a h n h a f l b e i e f f l p n s z d e l n k k f l wf l r a e z l k i i c c n l o u u a h r i o a u a o u u a B B B C C f G G L Q R R S S W -
TABLE 52(Cont'd) i ' COMERCIAL FISH LANDINGS FROM 1975 - 1979a LAKE ERIE: WEIGIT (Kilograms) SPECIES 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 White Bass 1,932,000 1,162.000 948,000 1,590,000 1,626,000 Yellow Perch. 4,597,000 2,903,000 4,801,000 4,918,000 5,931,000 Others 927,000 833,000 928,000 7 % ,000 639,000 . E N TOTAL 17,722,000 15,674,000 19,513,000 21,569,000 21,976,000 . a Muth (1980). b Not taken commercially in Chio and Michi9an waters. c Included with "Others" during this year. 1
- 108 -
4 FIGURES e --r
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Figure 7 Water Intake Conduit Flow Record for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, Unit 1 (1978). 120-llo-g 100-2
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b DESIGN INTAKE INTAKE CRIB A B C D E VELOCITY DavlS -BESSE 18*-7
- 2T O" 18'-CT
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*18'-2* cn the other side of the crib FIGURE 13. DETAILS OF WATER IMTAKE CRIB t
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t FIGURE 15. REEFS NEAR LOCUST POINT. 4
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SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION .~Nu.t.! N,. a..c. . . .t-W: a AAEA5 W8TH MULTIPLE $YM8OL$ C0N545T CF AT
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FIGURE 16. SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION MAP OF WESTERN LAKE ERIE IN THE VICINITY OF LOCUST POINT
~
LAKE S ee
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FIGURE 17 BIOLOGICAL SA;4PLING STATIONS AT Tile DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION.
. . ~ - . . . . - _ _ - . .. -
f e FIGURE 18 TPENDS IN MEAN MONTHLY TEMPER 4;URE, DISSOLVED OXYGEN, AND llYDROGEN ION MEASUREMENTS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCllS ~ POINT FOR THE PERIOD 1972-1979. . No P teesurements Aweliable 30 . j e 25 - Temperetwo.tc $ Y m ra . 15 - o8,m iv.a o. ce,m> g, N e -yi ., -, 4 N')\ ,'[
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.1 i 4 ,
FIGURE 19 TRENDS IN MEAN M0ht.LY CONDUCTIVITY, ALKAllNITY AND TURBIDITY MEASUREMENTS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT FOR THE PERIOD 1972-1979. . No AAeasurements Avellable 500-A W- \ s
'N ,
ttvity (umnos/cm) i y
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_y--- . r - u - W @ f flGilRE 20. TRENDS IN MEAN MONTHLY TRANSPARENCY AND PHOSPHORUS MEASUREMENTS l FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT FOR THE PERIOD 1972-1979. . l.50
, ------- No Measurementa Awaind.lt
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FIGURE 21. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Dissolved Oxygen in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No. 13). 14 13 . gy ,,~~~-N g *
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-~
s - toerne maalaus values 4 - f-----f mean values, a I std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data. (Aprl1 1974 - August 1977) minimum values 1 1 3 - 0-- O mean value for operational data. (Sept.1977 to Nov.1979) 2 N rch April Ny June July August September October November December
FIGURE 22. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data of Hydrogen Ion l Concentration (pil) in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). j 9.o - s
, . .__ _ g
.., . / .
^ ,
,^\
\ / \
/
----f'--o
,S<,e ,
_o-______o N,- . g g g
.. <-s--
/
N i N 3 ,. m O [ ,
\ .
/ .-
'\
- /
i 7.5 - tegend mastman values T- I mean values, a I std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data, April 1974 - August 1977) y y 7.0 - minimus values O------O n a value for operational data. (Sept. 1977 to 88uv. 1979) i s.5 . . . . . . . . . . hrch April my June July August September October flovester December l f f
1 Ft'.URE 23. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Transparency (Secchi Disk) of Water at Station Discharge (Station 13). .1 1 l, i 1.I - ] Leeend l.2 -
- maalmum values l
) f-----f mean values, a I std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data. (April 1974 - Ansgust 1977) l.1 - estalmus values l O--- -O mean salue for operational data. (Sept.1977 to slow.1979) 1.0 - 0.9 - 0 0.8 -
, a
[
~
's, 0.7 -
;( ,s*,/ v 8
j 0.6 -
,1
'hg/ ' '$
0.s - e s.% ,/f s 4 >:, l ~ , o-
,/ / --..
I ' ' ' ~ 0.3 -
< (
0.2 - O.I - ( 0~ March April May June July Aegust September Oc tot >er floven%r Decent >er
i
- e FIGURE 24. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Turbidity of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No. 13).
150 - I 4 teeend mastmum values
; range of values for
' f- -- mean values, a 1 std. dev.
alal m values j pre-operat,ional gg,,gg ggy data.,g,,,,g ggyyg { 0--- -O sean value for operational data. (Sept. 1977 to flow.1979) 100
\%
6
\%
N ta t
$ %'N ' a 5 t t
- w
'g k 9, \.
g d q
%s w -
s
\
i \' - p
\ ' ,,
\ , *
) ~' ,P~. ,/
\. . - a
\
N-_ _ _ _ _ _.,
-~ .. ; y - ---__,,. _. - ,,
-~' -' '
November December 0 May June July August September October March April l l i
; e
. . . m t
l FIGURE 25 . Coniparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Suspended Solids in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). 170 - g a g (egend
\ t maalass values mean values, a I std. dev. range of values for pre- rettenal d na, k
f----- no .
\ C
.,el .alue; enna-*ai->
-O sean value for operettenal data. (Sept.1977 to Itov.1979) 100 g 8
90 - e* g 80 - N o , 2 t j'a -
.A, /
l 60 a If N g
,/
/
5**
'\s, N -
0-
,/ s y,
= -
, N
' ~
M ~
\ ,/ , L, _
2i- . - -N (. . . . . ...>a- - - - - - - - ' '
~
to --e.
. v.
O Nrch Ap tl my June July August September October November Decentier I
FIGURE 26. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Conductivity of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). teaend maalm.m values I 3.. 1 fmeanvalues.*Istd.dev. range of values taprli 1974 for197
- ausust pre Tratlanal data.
,,,,.,,,,, i
\, 0- 4 maae value for operations' data. (Sept.1977 to llov.1979) 400 -
\
\
'\'
t
, ~
\ to k a
\, \.
~
e ',
\.
$ Ii-------y> - . . _ _ _ _ , jq ka . <> - - - - .
m
,/ 's -
N f ~~~ , ,*'
%,~% '
- s. ,'
! N I Nrch April my June July august September October November December m____________.-._____ __ __-
l FIGURE 27. Comparison of Pre-operational and operational Data for Dissolt ad Solids in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station Nc.13). 400 300 - Legend s-\ 300 g h-m.., _ v., atalmum values f mean values. t 1 std. dev. rente j of values for pre IAP'II III' ~ D '" I' rational data.
\ O--- -O mean value for operational data. (Sept.1977 to llow.1979) 200 -
g
\
260 -
\ '
\ '"*
b 240 - k 1X
\ i 6 %
1 220 - % g I \ j%* - Im 200
\/
es O .N 180 - #
/ \
\
q ' %, a p"#A.N- / d Nr . j; o Y A
' - s 160 -
N
'g , 'j
,.. - %,'N ,,e' N, , - - _ _.,
140 - \,,,# 120 - 100 - 80 August September October Isoventer Decenter March April May June Aly
FIGURE 28. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Calcium in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No. 13). 60 - Legend 56 - maalaus values
. m i std. dev. range of values for pre- rational data, 1 I ,ean values.
g,g,,, ,,y,,, l(April 1974-August 197 50 -
%, 0---O mean value for operational data. (Sept.1977 to Ibv.1979) g t
\ .
N \ i
\ ~
5
'\*
6 45 - a N \. i
\ \.
t. h, , \ O 40 -
's z ,\
,q
<,d'2==C*,[,N %,%
,.N.
.'"---s'% .. .., ,.... -:W~./ s
~
55 -
/ -- ~..., ,
%- . q, 30 l
e a e e a L e e a !l . l March April May June July August September October November December i l l
- -. ~.
I FIGURE 29. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Chloride in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No. 13). 27 g as - s _ , _ ..l 1 I 1 std. dev. ren9e et values for pre- rational data. 25 . I {meanvalue. taprei 1974 - w ust stri
\. O-- O meen value for operational data. (Sept.1977 to Itov.1979) 24 tt g it -
6., " as %
+8 n- tg -
's,m e (
b 20 - 's g j ,
" 's <( ~
y 19 -
>--b,_., , '
2 ', a
.g is N N. s \, ,
j/ \ C \ 's . # \g 2-IF -
/. \.g t( * '
s ,'( , g 16
'$'7'---<>'
\
\
15
- \.,,, ,',/,4 I4 -
33 Nrch April Ny June July August Septeater Oc tatier leavenber Deccaber
FIGURE 30. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data of Sulfate in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13), Legend g .
% maalaus values range of values for pre- rational data.
f- ---f mean values. a 1 std. dev. MH 19H - %SL H
)\ , ,g,g,,, ,,g,,,
\ \ O- ~--O mean value for operational data. (Sept.1977 to llow.1979) 43 -
\
s i i - w i, , 3 4 4.,'\ . q, m r.w'- ( E > x .. A. ; g 'g
' N, fsj ..
g s
- s. ,, 'my N...__,
x s 5 3' ..,r'-p ' -1r-E go .
../
10
= '
. . a hv*r hce
- r mrch Apell May June July Aasist Sept
- r oct e r
FIGURE 31. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Sodium in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). 88 - Legend gy - mentous values mean values. s f std. dev. range of values for pre- rational data. f---- einlaus values j
' I' * * '
le - O- - -O mean value for operational data. (Sept.1977 to Ituv.1979) e e. 14 - u
=
sn - \. , a 32 *
\
s t s s
/ '\s l 'oA,o*.< 's #
a t k II - \ 's s, s' >,.E, s
" 10
- V,/,- \ 's 1
>~~~~ ., ,
j "/
/ s
'\ ,s'
,A
. , 4>, , -p*,'l l-% -%., -
/ 's s
,o' 9 - ~/,
\
O~ - ~ .y/
< s'i 8 -
e y , 6 - 5 Octot.er Novendier December March April May June July August Septeneer
FIGURE 3?. Conparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Magnesium in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). Legend maalmian values II ~
- i, f--- - asan values, a 1 std. dev. range of
,,,, _ .a,,e, griii.va.luesforpre,4erationaldata, 7 - u ,u,t i 0-= --O mean value for operational data. (Sept.1977 to llow. 1979)
{ 12 e
./ .
. t \. .
g
- \, \, ,/ .
ii i t / s.
/ \. .
\, t .
1 g 10 g Z o
- i . \
i \ \. / \ '
\ -
L .- y, a .
'g i, ./
,5 y ,,,'~m f'
,/ g
's,
- o- - - - -o
= i
\ l,/. * \ '
/ .....___
l V \4 % gg#
/
- 9 J^
6 5 August September October November Decemeer N rch April Ny June , July
i FIGURE 33. Comparison of Pre-operati,onal and Operational Data for Total Alkalinity of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). 180 3
% maala m values i f-----f mean values, a l std. dev. range of values for i . . - .ai - ltw;;;:~u::-
t 3, 0- - -O mean value for operational data. 1977) I (Sept.1977 to Nov.1979) gg . j g t t t
- '. \
t . 3 't w 100 - Sv i f: i \ n ' a 1 \. ', 1 i \ . A N / e' 95 - r* .
/
'N -
\ t'/ 'N -+
- i / \ '
'4 s l g .
's, ,s'
~
('
~
s.
~
85 - Ny July August Septender October Novester Decentier k rch April June
FIGURE 34. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Nitrate
, in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13).
~ S g legend 16 -
I, maal values 15 -
'e
'o f---- mean values. A 1 std. dev.
mialaum values l range of values for pre-o rational data.
~ ' '
i n t 0 - 4mean value for operational data. (Sept.1977 te llow. 1979) 14 - 'g n j t 13 - n g , ], 12 - l
\
l 4 II g i i, 10 - t e- *
- 4
= g
- 9 - %
i ih ,
/ \.
- I& ,'s, '~ *
/ *
- \<-
s : 1 - { < Q t
= o.s4 \
s * '
/ .
6 - t
, \ .
N-
/
1 %, i i 4 -
- .. g ,
/
s j-,j---- - 3 - N, ___ , l I ~
\
s
, /
e
/
\..
$ - --- - . ,f g . g
)(***",. /
0 - 1 n . e n = a a
,g . e Nrcle April Ny June July August September October Noves.ber December
FIGURE 35. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Phosphorus l . in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No. 13). t Legend i 0.4 - maataus values I- banvalues,eistd.dev. range er values for pre-o prational data 1 A,, (Aprl1 1974 - August 19773 + C>----han value for operational data. (Sept.1977 to flow.1979) 1 0.3 - p.4 4= s. W 3 '
- i i '. -
i I
& 0.2 -
's n,
1 5 't
\t s
a s' s s s 0.5 - s ,' \s
% s \
% /
\ 's -
4 ',
- 4 ~~\p *
/ % l ----<p--.----qp-- ___, ,
g . . . . .% ._ . . March April Ny June July August September October isovember Deceseer M 4
FIGURE 36 Comperison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Silica in Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). {i I L I t i l l I l Legenal k
, maala m values
{ h-----f mean values. t I std. dev. range rii iof.va.
> - uou,t lues for i.a pre rrational data, i e,,,_ m .a,ue,
{ 0- - -o me.n value for operational data. (Sept.1917 to snow.1919) 3
}
i l I l l , I i l l e l I # b I
= \ ,
l I t {2 -
. i
- I t
E l 1 k. I l I h.. i g s - s 4 t . pedi, g ,k %
's .- N N., ,_______.< e
's ,,:. ~~
's - , . - , . - >
~ / A.
14erch April May June July August September October llovcaber December
FIGURE 37. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data of Biochemical t Oxygen Demand of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). I ! legend maalaus values range of values for pre-operational data, ! {----{ mean values s I std. dev. I ** 'I II II minimum values j O----O mean value for operational data (Sept.1977 to flow.1979)
~ '
A
\ .
/ 's . . .
,a,\ s
- \. ,/ \. '
N\ , %,
) %,,
g y s'
\\s '
j , s ,, 7 /
,' c'-
K \, s ,\ en 3 \* < {1 \ ,/ (' '% l e 4
's'*s, , ,. ' '
. / bg I ,
s as t
'g s
O s
- a. .
*e I
O October llovember December my June July August September N rch April i i
FIGURE 38 Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Temperature l of Bottom Water at Station Discharge (Station No.13). 26 - 14 . o' p',, _ _'_x - tt -
/ R' l
' 's to .
18 - II ~
)l .
- s. Os g4 .
l* g
} ,f.
h 1 11 - i 9 ,. 4 , 10 -
, ,o I b I
S q a - p 7 temend g
# \
6 - # maalaus values range of value f e ational g
,/ h--_-f mean values. t I std. dev.t.. w,li i,s .or 7 -pre-op
~.s t ir,7n s
,/ O-----Omean value for operational data. (Sept.197 7 to llow.1979) 1 -
i e a October November Deceseer March April May June July August Septensber 0
,,,, . Figure 39. Mean Monthly Power Generation for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station e Unit 1 (1977 - 1979).
l 100 900 - l 1 I
- 90 800 -
- M 7
700 , !; 7 0
- d. i . h. i - 3 -
10 l i m .- ?)
+
- 1
- 600 T + s 45
- i. '
* ~ '
', = e-a
]i ,
I .'
~
A 1 500 .
* 't i N f, Y g
.L. ! E
*
- 3'
~
' .7 i 4 ., g
, (f . ,< g 8 's O
400 . E
- 6 3
,0
, f E
'>i [ s 5
i'- 40
.*' ~ I
. . .P.e.r. io.d. .M.e a.n. .. . 329. 9. . ......
. ...... .. .. .......+....... .. '. .. . .............
o , I t 300 ~g ,.
% . m w '
c r .r. 4 l . ) i , _ t
- f ,
20
# W ;
y e
' s. ,
e 4 100 = 'l i I* W t. L. ' f;. .,
'( .>
10 st . h . o '. l ' .
.yj '
p[
'(
't {-]
fri , f8 ,'j - 'c l 5 0 ,a D J f M A M J J A 5 0 Il D J F M A M J J A $ 0 3 0 1977 1978 1979
i 98,000 men l $ i jl. ,. Bacillartophyceae h - Chlorophyceae 20,000 - 1,ji 4 . k r~ t
?j' / Myxophyceae
- t. t li
'Ti,X r.
( 15,000 - ..; ,13 M N E O, rg - f lif 4-o
, 10,000 -
// usu s
4f o .v.. C ~ 0 ;} t
' ~
. . . ,s ,
"p 74' g ..,
5,000 - 'N) !:h v- 4 li'j,h 4y :- / ' I h.? ,A t / F il l - ['j / i h$. (b I .. 7 $ / h ,- I O - APRIL MAY JUNE JULY. AUG SEPT OCT NOV FIGURE 40. MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE, AND MYXOPHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT - 1974.
~ .
I i 315 .
\
100 g W - 90 jd - Bactllarlophyceae \ fh \ ifk ] Chlorophyceae \ 9 8 lin \ . y Myxophyceae \
'i 70 .
x f1 \ 60 - 0)
\
8 h ;,
'N 50 - !,
l 3 ,e N 4 o 40 - r I k g I $'y{1j e
- - ,, T ,
30 - 1 i,s N N li' tl 20 - Ek, \ \ T i 35 3 \ $' - N 10 - [f]
- -\ \ _ N
~
\ li 1i0 ;jj! -
O APR MAY JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC FIGURE 41 MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE, AND MYXOPHY,CEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT - 1975. l .
FIGURE 42 MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE, AND MYXOPHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT,1976 100,000 -- Bacillartophyceae 90,000 -. I'k - i Chlorophyceae 80,000 -- f- Myxophyceae
\
.[ \
70,000 --
\
% \ \
> 60.00 ~~ yI' f-x x s E \ e 3 .Nd E 5 50*000 --
? N N 7 n.
?
N g N g i; 40,000 -- 3 4 [. N N
? \ \ 5 30,000 N N s < %
- ;%, N N h 20,000
;' ;:' \ \ g s
2n -
. q< m N N PJ ,a 30'000 -
q y N N ef
- N e 4 N mN idSEPT.N h N fr O tw A in _,
NOV. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY AUG. OCT.
1 151 - FIGURE 43 i MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPriYCEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE, AND MYXOPHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT,1977. no.0= 210.000 - l,I j 200.000 - I h, n - m .. ,c... 1,0.=O - 01erophyceae 180.000 - J Myaepayceae 170.000 - N V 1m.000 - I9 F b H 150.000 - l N $ . 140.000 - , h (Y 1m.000- c r L i~ (' 1m.0=- 4 E . C Y 5 f - 5-3 ' 110.000 - ,, f ,1 . 3 F , [ . 100.000 - ". o 2 s' ; ' I 30,000 - < p ( s F. i 5: I. p p - 40.000- U n.000- [ r, N ' f h 1 M***h ( :.; t F s }i 50.000 - ' F - u F 40.000 - g [ 5 ,<
$ 4 - <
m.000 -T t i K F \ r e e N m.000- 1
\ ' s _, .; N r : p U \ L \
10.000-
\ -
\ N
~\ \ I
\
(!1
= s h
A c=\ bh 2 =h U _\ 'Ih U_h 4 _h 0
"- MI M JAf AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV.
152 -
)
FIGURE 44 MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, CHLOR 0PHYCEAE, AND MYX0PHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1978. 230.000 ,
' C Sact11ariophyceae
~
O' Chlorophyceae
~b'
=
[- Myxcenyceae 110.000 -E C 100.000 - ( _ I 90.000 - - s o' h 80.000 - a 70.000 -l ., s I. 60.000 - I.,
\ q e N N N l
50.000 -[t, g N \ g 40.000 - N \ r N s 30.000 - IU N m n N N - s N 20.000 - 7: s N s N l i N N N k '9 N
\ \ N 10.000 - , \ \
E . 0-N _ N -D n-N AUG. SEPT.
., N OCT.
e NOV. HAT Ji2tE JULT l
- 153 -
FIGURE 45 MONTHLY MEAN BACILLARIOPHYCEAE, CHLOROPHYCEAE, AND MYX0PHYCEAE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1979. 733,663 21 ,958 418,298 5 Baci11ariophyceae 3 Chlorophyceae g Myxophyceae 100,000 - 90,000 - l ! l '
! 80,000 - '
q 70,000- l 1 l s -
! k!
60,000 - en H
! hI
.2 50,000 - ; II S i E l i l i d 40,000- ) I c $ I l l l 30,000 - ; i 3
- i 20,000 - .
l , i j 4 10,000 - i
) ; .t 0
MAY MAY JUNE JULY AUG. SEPT. OCT. NOV. (1) (23)
- 154 -
1 FIGURE 46. MONTHLY MEAN PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1974 - 1979.* m.m mm. '
<> l l
= f
- ,f
,a l
l l
- l ,' e f .f l l
; l l l l I
( i
! l l l l : l l t
' l l f l
i.-- , l i ,. s ,
- i l
l 1 J 'i
. . .. .. . . ..) . . . 5 I ' . .'. .l. ..>
m. iwi
.................m,--
me im me me
- Dotted lines connect points (sampling dates) separated by more than a full calendar month. Solid lines connect points (dates) in consecutive months.
'~
,Ma, l Figure 47. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Diatoni Densities l in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.
733,663 l 400,000 - ' , . g i ..i.e.
\ [-----....ini,2 i ita. se,.
r.g,y,v4=.g,7,,g.timi4.t., miniu m vaines I
~
-----aran vaise for operation.1 a.ta. (September 1977 - Deces6er 1979).
320,000 - '
\' _
280,000 -
\. .
240,000 - e e - e
- 200,000 - 1 q ..
\ ~,
u g - i
$ 160,000 -
_k g - i 120,000 - k e _ n
- 60,000 -
l N \ j \ , f
/ 'g #
40,000 - / s
/~ /
0- .. I I I I I I I l l 1 M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTH
- 156 -
Figure 48. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Green Algae i Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. 48,4,14 26,000 - ,; '\
/
u I '\ > 24,000 - ,
\ '/
22,000 - f 20,000 - f e 18,000 - f 16,000 - t 14,000 -
\ l )
- - /. ,
s
\ \ i f12,000- '
/ 'N
.[ '\ ' \
i s
\
@i 5 10,000 - / # '
k l f g I ' \
.l z .. I
\, / \
i 8,000 - < if f
\
I
\t i 6,000 - g
, .i s' \
, a .
i \ 4,000 - / IN / \
\
i t/ \ .. s i
\
.. f ' '.
/ ..
\
2,000 - -7
<, s.
n
./-
O- .. I l l l l l l l l l M A M J J A S 0 N O Lt2c1 MONTH M If8EllB values ;
.---- mean values, 2 1 std. dev.' ra values f ore rational data, minimuin values I
- ---mean value for operational data. (Seats-4er 1977 Oeceeer 1979).
s Figure 49. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Blue-green Algae Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. Ltrad-- mealmse values mean values. 2 I std. dev. re of values for pre- rational data. 320*000 - alatam values l( '" " - ^"S" "Y'l-
-----mean value for operettenal data. (September 1977 - December 1973).
280,000 - 240,000 - 200,000 -
~
5E 160,000 -
'/\ g
- s M M \ e
=
w 120,000 -
, / ,
A - , x, -
\
g 80,000 -
/ /X', '
z
- ,/ ,
\,
40,000 - ,
/ -
s i, '
\,
x
/ / y o- - . - - -
- -{' -
- Y - . - .
-=
~
l I I I I I I I I I I l M A M J J A S 0 N D l MONTH I i 9
a. e t. a ) 9 7
- i. 9 n 1 o
r e it. b. s g, D e c e e ., i t i s n g1 7 7 9 r
. e e b.
D n g., t e p n o g S e o i ( t t . k a g ' iD n t . r t. , a S d / l ' p r i. i o e . n / 4 o t w i
~ iN y o h P at t.r - ,
i e - s P p o r : r a o el
. 2
= ,
' ro
" f i 0
f a u c iuev " s ' u s
\ ',
t N
.u i
n l.
. .\ '
a D e i. . '" ' e a \' g \ iS s " .e / ' \ l s { - \ a e - -
\
n B - i g o - i s M"
~ iA 8
t i a v * [ - \ / H r a
'f / T N
e D s / . O p i} M O e [ , e h [ , d t s n f ' a f /, J o i
\ - i l \ \
a y i n t .\' \ o i 7 \ \ i n 7 \- 5 _ i M t i a c 7, \ N r i e V p 3 7 4
,\
i \.\'\ % o e i' . N i A
- h .
e t / r /, , P n i l , f o e / i M i n r ~ - - - ~ - - - - - . - - - - - - - o E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s 0 0 0 0 0 i e 0 0 0 0 0 0 r k 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, a p L a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 8 4 0 6 2 8 4 m 3 2 2 2 1 1 o n C i 4 3 0. 5 h qy,aag - o* e r u g i F
Oh i Figure 51 Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Phytoplankton Densities at the Station Intake (Sta. No. 8). l '872 t. 400,000 - h ,472 , , , , , , , , , i { f ----{ "u. v.ini, 2 : ita. .
' r.g ,,gi,=,3 gr.,,g.:i.=i et..
360,000 -
-----.'a'="I*"
i
... nin for oper.tia.i et.. (s.,t r un - o.c eer is,s).
320,000 - i _.
\
280,000 -
\'
- s. 240,000 -
s -
\
e p 200,000 - t
\
,g g e
- m _ l ,
E
- g i
& 160,000 - \ ,' \
- s. 1 s o - /
N\ \ j'j \ e 120,000 - - i
', i,i \ \. /
80,000 - \ [/ \, , ,-
. ,- ,8 . .
40,000 - _ /
,/ \ \'
s i ,'
/
-Q r .- f --
0 -- -- a-W ee i I I I I I I I I I M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTH
. .f
)
5 7
- i. 9 1
i r
- i. e
, b m
g, e c e 7 D g 7 7
- g. 9 1
r e
- g. 6m t
e p n o g, S ( e k t g e n r t. d a i l ,. i. p n 0 o
- l a .
i I t y . t.r /
/
. e h
P i p o
$ 2 . r s I N
r = . o
. f s ,.
o f 1 i.
. u s N N a i. . i. '
t . = n .( I 0 a D 3
)
1
=.. .
w s
.\'\ '
l J
- - '\
a . , , S n o -
- f. I i
t o N a a gJ -
'/.
,! \r s\
\'
i, r t - m I A e S - ./ - O p ( e s
\/ /
l i T N d g f t O n r /,
- I J M a a . '
- O h [ /
l c ' a s i n i /. i t o D n
.\.y s I
J s a o i \' r i \ e t \g s' . p a
.k i
~ N .
I M o t ~
- S s e ,\ '
r e \ P h7 i A f o t t4 7, \.\
~
i, i I a9 / n 8 o s8 /, iM s e i i r t _ - _ - - - - - - _ - - - - - - _ - - m. e a i p s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 m n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o e C D 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 8 4 0 6 2 8 4
. 4 3 3 2 2 2 1 1 2
5 e u r ss:>E. ke g i F g
Figure 53 Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Phytoplankton Densities at a Control Station (Sta. No. 3). 737 866 360,000 - .
\
320,000 - '
\ * "
280,000 -
\.
240,000 - { u e - 200,000 - Ds - i i , ['\ '
" l \ *
~
c 160,000 - e }/ s 2, _ '.
/ - ,
N ,
. 120,000 - \ ,
\,", ,/
o i z l
's \ *
/
/
/s\
80,000 - 's. i s i , s .. I o s
- . g
\ ,e 40,000 - 's [ e' i
*'ssN~
\
/
/.' I e',
N(
\, p 0- --
-- '-/ ..
1ef i i i i i i i i i i
=i- vaias M A M J J A S 0 N D
----- mean values. ? I std. dev. re v ves f re- attonal data, sintasm values
-----mean value for operational data. (Septendier 1977 - December 1973).
l FIGURE 54N0NTHLY MEAN ZOOPLANKTON POPULATIONS FOR. LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1972 - 1979.* l I 1400-1300-i 1200 e 1100 w 2006. g e b 900 {. 000' I t {1007, s 60a 's, 500- ,e '., b J t 40a ,/ . ', t
" i k' s J
200 \, - g '\, , 100 'N, ' N N0bhkkEh3d5bb b hAMJJAk0YDbhh MJhA5 DbhhAMJJdhbNYJ Y MJ kdhkb J TH AMJJ 450abM1MMJJMhD 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 ' 1979
- Dotted lines connect points (sampling dates) separated by more than a full calendar month. Solid ; lines connect points (dates) in consecutive months.
I s ._
FIGLAE 55. MONTHLY MEAN ROTIFER POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1972 - 1979.* l 70s . son-t , W s sm- , . 5 '\ E *= - 5 '\ , e-b '*- 'l l
/
'. \,
,/ ,
\.
's
(... a (Q/ y
-di k$fkAk31116k@f AihMAt64$) Aik)5kl66$fAAAlikt6A$f AAk35Al64$lkfkijf tii(jiAjAijliii ' #8 i-1977 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 197a ngig
- Dotted lines connect points (sampling dates) sepanated by more than a full calendar month. Solid lines connect points (dates) in consecutive months.
l FIGURE 56. MONTHLY MEAN COPEP00 POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1972 - 1979.* l l l t
.co -
M- . * - l l 100 - i , soo .
! 5
!5"-
1 W- l 1 i m .. 1 2" -
. .. d ,
i" -
\ N J g
(J ____.) ...__ M 1's raa
$i.n o k N$ ' S$' k',$
- i. > i.n a
1s o k N' i.n k!k' $ 1s i.>. a k dNi.n O k S S i.>.is e n da r n a nNINNUil*nMdili@ im
- Dotted lines connect points (sampling dates) separated by more than a full calendar month. Solid lines connect points (dates) in consecutive months.
e e
.e
e FIGURE 57 MONTHLY MEAN CLADOCERAN POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1972 - 1979.* 3 see . s as-SI 3"- . E ' f ice - 1 8
. me -
,oe - -
o0IDn kfIl[ntia faTaAttitit #t5 ti AtmAsttiliAna.nattaaF;Tr.;;;ita.t-
- Dotted lines connect points (sampling dates) separated by more than a full calendar month.
Solid lines connect points (dates) in consecutive months.
Figure 63 Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. 1400 - eastamm values
- --- aren values. I 1 std. dev. ra(e973 of values for pre-operational data.
- August 1977).
einlana values l
-~-""*""'"*""*"*'*N'""'""-'"""'""3-1200 - __
1000 - -- G P s' \
;'- 800 - J m
k ' I l .\'r \ \ .
$i _
/
t - E i ~
\s*
\
,E" 600 - / " \ . .
-- \ ..
1 o r
~
/ / \
i 's p / . 400 - / / s ,/_)' 's s
" i e y \ %
's, s
I , % s, .-
-- \ --
200 - /
/ s
,' \
/ -
/
.i t j $ Q MONTil
# 2 A Figure 59. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Rotifer Densities in I.ake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.
Legend maalenevaps mesa values. f I std. dev. rooge of values for pre.operettenal data. (3973
- August 1977).
-. ---mean value for operational data. (Septem6er 1977 - Oscenter 1973).
700 - 600 - 500- - g .. .
; 400 - a
> ~-
5! " Ee 300 - ,',
, .- ,s -
s e ,f s T % ,\e',-
- s 200 - s '\
e
- e v- / s e' ..\ ,
N ty-;</ ~N [N 100 - ,' ' 0-
,' / -
I I I I I I I I B I M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTil
Figure 60 Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Copepod Densities in t.ake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station.
- Legend 800 -
- ---- mean values.1 i std. dev. range of values for pre operational data.
1 minimum values I (1973 - August 1977). 700 - _ . _ _ __ ,,,, ,,i,, ,,, ,,,,,ii.,,i ...., gs.,c,,,,,i,1, . o,c.,6 ,i,,,3, l[; 600 -
+.
~
s " y 500 - 5 , E 400 - m o ~ l i 's ' m
. g E 300 -
s
/ \s
~
f s 200 - ,/ \ -
\~
.N,s 100 - ,/ 7' .'. .d-cq.
0
,y .x/. y ~ ~_
i i i i i i i i M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTil V
.~, - -
Figure 61. Comparison cf Pre-operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Cladociran Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. 400 - _trsed aest.us values _ ---- mean values 2 I std. dev. re fv sf -operational data.
.l.l ..l . ,
-----mean value for operational data. (Septemener 1977 - December 1979).
300 - a/9 5 200 - - o E. . o s w
~ /l cn
. s' \
- g i s ,
r I s
# .. I 100 - .' s s
v' I lli -- , l rs s s
' I \
/
%' / $
i f u - - N - - 0- --
-~
l l 1 1 I I I I I I M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTH
i G . a t a . d ) 9 l 7 a 9 n 1 e r tt e _ a b r m _ e p e _ c n o- D e o e . r) - t p7 k 7 7 _ n r9 o1 7 9 a f t 1 l ss r p eu ug e . o u b m D - o laA v t e Z - p f e % _ o37 S _ r ( o g1 n( 9 a
. _ ~ - ,
iN f a t r a d a I t v
. l a
a d e n o D i
- i0 W,___'\
. t l
a )
. e t
s a r e p
\
n 8 I o - o s 2 s e of r
- S i . e u . ul t o l a
s e a e a N v v v u r s la l a e
/
p a i m a n v l
- v n .
O t x a a a . iA S m me e m a e
\Q1 l
d ( - n - - H a ek - \ i
,' T a - -- s
\ .
iJ N l a t n n o I e L
; i g x/
s' O M i s t n a s .
,J a o r i e t 'f p a
/
o t # -
- S f, -
e - / iM r e P h f t ll, , o t =; . iA a = n o s - s e i i , r t / iM a i p s m n * - _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - o e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 O C D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 4 2 0 8 6 a 2
. 1 1 1 1 2
6 e 5e % $
- cM o .a r
u g i F
n
- Figure 63. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Zooplankton Densities at the Station Discharge (Sta. No.13).
M masimme values h ---- mean valuss, i l std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data. A A (1973 - August 1977).
~
-----mesa value for operational data. (September 1977 - Deces6er 1973).
1400 - , 1200 - s- , d 1000- G
;. - ~
y j - _ _ _ .
~~/\si
- a 800 - i
?
E' i l -, / '\ s o 600 - i -- '\ , e
/
/
, -- \s,4. -. _[,, / ,N g
400 - -I I
/ /
Ns --
,L -
\ ,
's, 200 - l -- -
l
/
,/
\
l 0 i i i i i i i i i M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTH l l l
Figure 64. Comparison of Pre-operational and Opera'tlonal Data for Zooplankton Densities at a Control Station (Sta. No. 3). Iegend maalaus values
----- mean valdes. 2 I std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data.
- (1973-August 1977).
slaimum values
-----mean value for operational data. (Septeseer 1977 - December 1979).
1400 - 1200 - i t m. s- y l 3 1000 - i ke , a 800 - ,'
, ~'ss g _ .- g e
@ 600 -
/ -
N" O N ,#
's '
* / s 400 - \sv e/ -
's
_ ..y,f i s
's '
/
k' r. 200 - ..s
\
0 i i i i i i i i M A H J J A S 0 N D MONTH l
FIGURE 65 MONTHLY MEAN BENTHIC MACR 0 INVERTEBRATE POPULATIONS FOR LAKE ERIE AT LOCUST POINT, 1972 - 1979.* i 4000 - m-
- y O w
I ' 3 '. I h2000-a e A [1 ( ',
- I i'
', ',"'j ei i ~ ~ i, l i
~
's, l\ '
l\l
. ,i a
"- ,' \
,\ le I
, , /
/ / ' ~, , ',
- / \' I,
/ .. -.../ ~.
s ,o i S* L-l Mt& A 6l5fal&55 k thid5 f k Ah55 kl64 NSI Alk5$1l6kdiiktA55 kl6Ld5 f A A AHithn$ f A AAnkid A6l$)sjjjjjjad 6-1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1979 3973
- Dotted lines connect points (sampling dates) separated by more than a full calendar month. Solid lines connect points (dates) in consecutive months.
Figure 66. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. 4500 - - 4000-3500 - 3000 - -- q .. 42 $ k 2500- G g C - % - E 2000 - .'
' 's /
c'> /
\,e'
/
dit - /
/
/,' g
~
1500 - /&
, ,i' ' 'y , ~
1000 - , a
,/
-\ N
/
~ rt / N s .
500 - 1 1
/
I J I I l l l l l l l
==8 - vai m H A H J J A S 0 N D I std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data.
----l mean values. 2 (1973-August 1977).
MNTH
-- --- mean value for operational data. (Septentier 1977 - Deceder 1979).
__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ________._.___________________..___.__._____I
Figure 167. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Benthic Coelenterate Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. e l l!98_a.3 mastous values
---- mean values. 2 I std. dev. ram 1
mistaum values I ( i973 p of- Au9ust values for pre-operational data. 1977).
-----mese value for operational data. (September 1977 - Deceeber 1979).
200 - N M b 150 - M s y 100 - g n -- a t \ L / \
. 50 - s' 's ' ~~~
e "i s / ___..x . e' s
\ -
o_ ___ _ % --- w _ . 7 , I I I I I I I l l 5 M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTil
Figure 68. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Denthic Annelid Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of ti.e Davis-Desse Nuclear Power Station. e 3000 - 2500 - 2000 - N,_ .
+J ..
G) 4a 1500 - . -
/ 's s s '
,'..\/
,' Sh N E [ '% s
@> 1000 - /N 's , 's A ,
n,
's d \ ' '
',,' N z /
/ s , -/ -
500 - __
/ .
/
/
/
0- . I I I I I I I I I l . M A H J J A S 0 N D t% MONTil maximum values h ---- mean values.1 1 std. dev. range of values for pre-operettonal data. 1 A (1973 - August 1977).
-----mean value for operational data. (Septesest 1977 - December 1979).
Figure 69. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Benthic Arthropod Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. 3000 -- 2500 - 2000 -
"s-E.l
.R 1500 -
E
-- M f , '
o
, 1000 -
/, \ -
/s i / - A- -
~' / \
500 - , , _ __ _ / N N f , s
~~ ~
0 -- i 1 I I I l 3 I I l l l Liseaf - M A M J J A S 0 N D mentman values
- --- mean values, f I std. dev. rs of values for p e-operettonal data. NTH F3 August 1977) ofnimum values -----mean value for operational data. (September 1977 - December 1979).
Figure 70. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Benthic Mollusc Densities in Lake Erie in the Vicinity of the Davis-Desse Nuclear Power Station. tegend maalmum values
----- mean values, f I std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data.
(1973 - August 1977).
-----mean value for operational data. (September 1977 - Deceekr 1979).
5 - u 4 - s 3 E
\ s
~'
3 - \ - -- 3 s s
. y 5
y_
\,. /. --_- . - -
8, L s g i
's s' s
\
o 3 _ 3,' 's. ,e / -- 's __. -_ _ z N , ,
' \
0 - 1 I I I I I I I I M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTH
n - Figure 71. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Data for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Densities at the Station Intake (Sta. No. 8). teseg msnim a values T mean values. I 1 std. dev. ran 1 ---- I (9e1973-August of values1977).for pre-operational data. miele n values
--- -- mean value for operational data. (Septader 1977 - DecesNr 1979).
4500 - 4000 - 3500 - N e 3000 - - - 3 2500 - ' E
!" 2000 - / \\
g N '
,/
d 1500 -
/
"s \
s
, ,/s ~, ,,#
K ~
\. s 1000 -
f V'/- , - 7 \ r 500 - '
-f - - -
,1 0- -- --
0 M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTH
Figure 72. Comparison of Pre-ooerational and Operational Data for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Densities at the Station Discharge (Sta. No.13). Luset maalmum values
----- mean values, 1 I std. det. range of values for pre-operational data.
"'"'"""" l 5500 -
-----me:an value for operational data. (September 1977 - December 1979).
5000 - ' 4500 - 4000 - 3500 - m 4 . E 3000 - -- .-. a , ,\ 8 8, 2500 - d i / s u / , / s' O / \ / s O 2000 - /
/ s
% /
/
s g Z / \ / \ 1500 - _. / \/ \ , 1000 - - -
~
% - /
v'
../
N_ ' 500 -
/- y_ -
__N _ 0- -- -- 3 I I I I I I I I I M A M J J A S 0 N D MONTil . w me
n. Figure 73. Comparison of Pre-operational a'nd Operational Data for Benthic Macroinvertebrate Densities at a Control Station (Sta. No. 3). Leesad assimum values *
---- mean values. 1 I std. dev. re of values for pre-operational data.
l ( 973 - August i977). etalass values 5000 ' -- --- .. .i for operatiaa.i 4.t . (septe ber i977 - o'c==kr l'i'). 4500 - - 4000 -
"e 3500 - ,
h e-S 3000 - O E - o h 2500 - i
,/
f \ z d 2000 - -- / \ g ,
/
--, g e _N .
1500 - -. ,# g ,/ 1000 - 's,. 7 500 -
-/-
N
~ .
-. -m,~ s 0 , , , , , , , , , ,
M A M J J A S 0 N D l MONTH i l 0 I i l __ _ _ _ _ _
- 182 -
Figure 74 . Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Alewife Catches in Gill Nets Cet in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13). Legend maximum values
-----. mean values, t 1 std. dev. range of values for cre-coerational data.
300 - - ("'3 - AuSS$t "771-etninen values I --
-----mean value Tir operational data. (sectameer 1977 - Cece eer 1971),
250 - 200 - u 3c. 150 - u g
,o
= - \ 100 - ,- \ l (
\
/ \
/ \
/ \
\ -
f 50 - -
% .. / ---
_,_ A - N ,, / i
/ \
\
i
,- ~s,~~ ,'
\, ',i , /
/
\ ,
/ ==
- -- ~ -~
0- - G-A N J J A S E N MONTH b.
Figure 75. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Channel Catfish Catches in, Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13). 20 - mealsum values
---- mean values, f I std. dev. range of values for pre. operational data.
- - (1973-August 1977).
minlaus values I
-----mean value for operational data. (September 1977 - Decest,er 1979).
15 - TL
+J 2
" 10 - e o
s w I
\
$ .-. / g
/
/g /
/
\
\
\
' ' ' ~ ~~.
/
9_ y-: f ' ~ /Q I I I I I I l l A M J J A S 0 N MONTH l
Figure 76. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Freshwater Drum Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13). 100 -
- tssel maalmum values og ----
mean talues. 2 I std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data.
- 1 mlalmum valvas I (1973 - August 1977).
-----mean valw for operational data. (Septester 1977 - Onenber 1979).
E5- 60 - B a a - d, _a 40 _ " a 2 / \ g 20 - o
/ ,
-s
/ %
/ /
s y 3 r g 0-
' s'J 2----_ _
_ %x I I I I I I I I A M J J A S 0 N HONTil 9
m p .~ Figure 77. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Gizzard Shad Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13).
!ssed mas 1. m values
---- mean values.
- I std. dev. rs of values for pre-operational data.
"'"'"'"'"#3' 200 - me vai.es I
~
--- --mean value for operettonal data. (September 1977 - December 1973). -
150 - .. b - [. 100 - i's, , 4, g g s , .
, s
,-l 5 -
,/ O,
\',
50 - -/
' '\
\
- / ,
\s
/j --
~
s
< m-6'.~,
_ ~ O_ I I I I I I I I A M J J A S 0 N MONTH
Figura78. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Spottail Shiner Catches in Gill Hets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station scharge N ation W . 1500-
~
IIS'_".$ maalmum values
---- mean values. 2 I std. dev. range of values for pre-operational data.
A L (1973 - August 1977).
-----mean value for operational data. (Septemter 1917 - December 1979).
ee 1000-
+a .
O _ g u m 2 . 5 - z 500-
/ g
- / \
/ \
/ \
_ ,/ \ f
\
/
\
_ / g
/ \
--/ \
_ /
/ \ \
s' %
\.
' ' ' i- ~ -
~~ --
0- - I ! I I I l l l l A N J J A S 0 N D HONTH l 1
l Figure 79. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Walleye Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13). t e,e.d
- asalaus ealues e--- mean values 1 I std. dev. ' range of values for pre-operational data, a 1 (1973 - August 1977).
statsum values l l
-----mein value for operational data. (September 8977 - Decenter 8979).
15 - 10 - -- 3s_ - m
'u a
8 CL a b s-f - E -
':<NN.N .
=- x _ x 0-I I I I I I I I A M J J A S 0 N MONTH
Figure 80. Comparisoa of Pre-operational and Operational White Bass Catches in Gill Net-: Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13). Lud maalean values mean values. A d std. dev. range of values for pre-operattomal data. {- - -- - (1973 - August 1977). etalaus values l 30 - -- --- ==*a val =* rar aperattaa*1 data. (5**ta t er l'37 - Deca =6*r 18751-25 - [, ,
\
m. 5 20 - j .
\s n '
a g 15 -
/ \ .
m
.o z .
/ g 8
\, x io _
/ '
s- p * , .. .. -
/N -
Q _ _). __ -
~
~.
0- -- - m'w
~
l i I I I I I I A H J J A S 0 N HONTH
Figure 81. Comparison of Pre-operational and Operational Yellow Perch Catches in Gill Nets Set in the Vicinity of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station Discharge (Station 13). tr e ! maaleum values
---- mean values. 1 I std. dev, rence of values for pre. operational data.
- - (1973 - August 1977).
-----mean value for operational data. (Septem6er 1977 - Decem6er 1979).
- k 150
!sk .
2s-a
/ -
t 3 - u E 100 - 5 w
--[ \'
g - - k
- ,- '~~~.,.
z , s
- s 50 - ' ' " - ------_ , . ,
q 's s
,/ " s s--
0-
^
! I I I I I I I i l A M J J A S 0 N l l MONTH 1 (
Figure 82. Coirparison of Pre-operational and Operational Gill Net Results at the Station Intake (Sta. No. 8). tenend 2000 - ,,, . ,,,,,, j ----- mean 1 values. 2 I std. dev ' rente of values for pre-operational data. I (1973 - August 1977). 1800 - !
"'"'""""i"'
I ------mean value for operational data. (Septem6er 1977 - Deceseer 1979). 1600 - e I 1400 - y 1200 - e I g- 1000 - g o - 0 E 800 - e 5 -
)
1 o 600 - o
\
I s o \ l s 400 - I s
\
o _ i n l \ \ 200 - ' '$\E. - T'*s'g ' N
, / ,,- :
j\ ,,
~ '
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PETEOR0LOGICALfGITORING ANALYSIS OF THERMAL INTERNAL BOUNDARY LAYER CONDITIONS FOR A COASTAL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT 1982 ftTEOR0 LOGICAL DATA FOR THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION M2miLY AVERAGES AND WINDROSES PRECIPITATION STUDY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION
d i i A PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF THER4U., INTERNAL BOUNDARY LAYER CONDITIONS FOR A COASTAL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT r by Jeffrey S. Lietzow , Toledo Edison Company 300 Madison Avenue Toledo, Ohio 43652 i I January 1983 i l i s
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( The purpose of the Thermal Internal Boundsry Layer (TIBL) investigation was to provide site specific background information on the formation of the TIBL at Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. Davis-Besse is located on the shoreline adjacent to Lake Erie near Locust Point. The Thermal Internal Boundary Layer is a meteorological phenomenon and can be described as an atmospheric boundary layer that forms when air flows across the surface discontinuity between land and water. Because the two air layers many times do not have either the same temperature or roughness, an interface is created. The air above the TIBL is stable e.nd the air below the TIBL is unstable. The interface which is forned usually starts at the point where the shore and water meet. The height of the TIBL is determined by temperature difference, how much greater the land temperature is than the water temperature, surface roughness, wind speed, and insolation. This TIBL formation is important in atmospheric dispersion estimates. For instance, if the release height of the air pollutants (radionuclides, in this case) is within the boundary layer, the air pollutants will diffuse until they reach the top of the boundary layer, and will then be reflected back down to the ground. Fumigation occurs ' and results in higher pollutant ground-level concentrations than would be predicted by a simple Gaussian dispersion model. A similar problem exists when the pollutants are released above the TIBL. Hourly averages of the meteorological data obtained from the l meteorological monitoring system, located at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, were examined for a period between January 1.1982 and December 31, 1982. During this study the following meteorological conditions were used to characterize the TIBL formation: wind direction between 337.5* and 112.5*, land temperature greater than ( water temperature, and wind speed greater than 0.5 mph, and occurrence one hour after sunrise to one hour before sunset (daylight hours). I t
Using these criteria, the meteorological data were reviewed to ) determine when such conditions existed. The data were compiled and tabulated. The data were broken down into two onshore cat-egories, possible TIBL cases and non-TIBL cases. From within these two categories, the data were further examined to determine site specific characteristics of possible TIBL formation. Refer to Tables A-1 through A-5. The investigation showed that TIBL conditions do exist at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. Visual examination of velocity, temperature and stability data indicates that in most cases the possible TIBL height at the tower was below 100m. The difference between land temperature and lake temperature rarely exceeded 10'F.
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I i TABLE A-1 Frequency of Occurrence of Onshore Flow G H A B C D Onshore Onshore Hours Obser- Onshore Onshore E F Flow Flow in vations Flow Flow TIBL TIBL (No TIBL) (No TIBL) Month Month (Hours) (Hours) % (Hours) % (Hours) % Jan 81 744 456 39 8.6 0 0.0 39 8.6 Feb 81 672 391 65 16.6 10 2.5 55 14.1 Mar 81 744 506 107 21.1 28 5.5 79 15.6 Apr 81 720 561 148 26.4 25 4.4 123 21.9 May 81 744 595 277 46.5 26 4.4 251 42.2 Jun 81 720 698 159 22.8 25 3.6 134 19.2 Jul 81 744 701 322 46.0 34 4.9 288 41.1 Aug 81 744 732 58 7.9 51 7.0 7 0.9 Sep 81 720 548 153 27.9 5 0.9 148 27.0 Oct 81 744 744 300 40.3 60 8.1 240 32.2 Nov 81 720 712 224 31.5 32 4.5 192 27.0 Dec 81 744 581 52 9.0 1 0.2 51 8.8 A. Total hours in a month. l B. Hours of data analyzed or available. l C. Hours of wind direction from 337.5* to 112.5*. D. Percent of data hours that on-shore flow occurred = (C/B) (100). E. Hours of wind direction from 337.5* to 112.50, wind speed greater than 0.5 mph, and TL>1V. F. Percent of available data hours that wind direction was from 337.5* to 112.50, wind speed greater than 0.5 mph, and TL>TW = (E/B) (100). G. Hours of wind direction from 337.5* to 112.5* and TW>TL=C-E. H. Percent of available data hours of wind direction from 337.5* to 112.5* and TW>TL= (G/B) (100) i TL = Temperature of Land TW = Temperature of Water l t I
TABLE A-2 ) Classification of Onshore Flow Based on Lake Temperature (TW) and Land Temperature (TL) D F A B C Onshore Onshore Flow Hours Data Onshore Flow E Occurrences in Available Flow (No TIBL) TIBL with TIBL Month Month (Hours) (Hours) % (Hours) % Jan 81 744 456 39 100.0 0 0.0 Feb 81 672 391 65 84.6 10 15.4 Mar 81 744 506 107 73.8 28 26.2 Apr 81 720 561 52 51.9 25 48.1 May 81 744 595 277 90.6 26 9.4 Jun 81 720 698 159 84.3 25 15.7 Jul 81 744 701 322 89.4 34 10.6 Aug 81 744 732 58 12.1 51 87.9 Sep 81 720 548 153 96.7 5 3.3 Oct 81 744 744 300 80.0 60 20.0 Nov 81 720 712 224 85.7 32 14.3 Dec 81 744 581 52 98.1 1 1.9 A. Total hours in a month. B. Hours of data analyzed. 'C. Fours of wind direction from 337.5* to 112.5* D. Percent of time onshore flow (no TIBL) = (C-E) (100)/C. E. Hours of wind direction from 337.5* to 112.5*, wind speed greater than 0.5 mph, and TL>TW. F. Percent of time TL>TW (TIBL) of the hours of on-shore flow. F = (E/C) (100). TL = Temperature of Land. TW = Temperature of Water. 1 ( 1 TABLE A-3 Duration of Possible Thermal Internal Boundary Layer Formation using TL > TW Wind Direction 337.5*-112.5* Wind Speed > 0.5 mph DURATION MONTH DAY HOURS TIME PERIOD January 81 No Cases of T.I.B.L. Total 0 February 81 20 1 1400 22 1 0400 22 1 0700 22 5 1000-1400 25 1 1800 27 1 1400 Total 10 March 81 22 3 1600-1800 23 7 1200-1800 24 7 1200-1800 25 1 1100 25 3 1400-1600 26 2 1600-1700 27 5 1400-1800 Total 28 April 81 06 1 1600 09 2 1700-1800 22 1 1200 27 7 1200-1800 28 1 0200 28 5 0800-1200 28 4 1500-1800 30 4 1500-1800 Total 25 May 81 03 4 1500-1800 08 2 1300-1400 12 2 1600-1700 13 2 1300-1400 16 1 1300 19 4 1500-1800 20 7 1200-1800 22 2 1300-1400 Table A-3 Cont. DURATION 4 MONTH DAY HOURS TIME PERIOD. I 23 1 1800 27 1 1000 Total 26 June 81 02 8 1200-1900 04 5 1200-1700 05 2 1100-1200 12 1 1900 19 1 1500 21 6 1300-1800 30 2 1100-1200 Total 25 July 81 02 1 1400 05 9 1100-1900 06 2 1800-1900 07 8 1200-1900 18 6 1300-1800 25 8 1100-1900 Total 34 August 81 02 5 1300-1700 21 6 1200-1700 22 6 1300-1800 23 3 1400-1600 ) 24 9 1100-1900 25 5 1400-1800 26 8 1100-1900 27 8 1200-1900 Total 51 September 81 24 3 1600-1800 25 1 1300 25 1 1900 Total 5 October 81 05 2 1800-1900 11 2 1500-1600 12 4 1400-1700 l 13 6 1400-1900 l 26 12 0800-1900 0900-1600 27 8
- 28 1 1200 28 6 1400-1900 29 9 1000-1800 30 10 1100-1900 Total 60 TL>TW - Wind Direction 337.5' - 112.5* - Wind Speed > 0.5 mph I
i
Table A-3 Cont. DURATION i MONTH DAY HOURS TIME PERIOD November 81 01 4 1300-1600 02 5 1200-1600 03 7 1000-1600 04 5 1200-1600 13 2 1500-1600 14 7 1000-1600 16 2 1400-1500 Total 32
- December 81 22 1 1600 Total 1 TL>TW - Wind Direction 337.5* - 112.5' - Wind Speed > 0.5 mph t
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l l TABLE A-4 > l Duration of On-Shore Flow (Non-TIBL Conditions) Using TW > TL Wind Direction 337.5' - 112.5* DURATION MONTH DAY HOURS TIME PERIOD January 81 02 2 1400-1500 03 4 0600-0900 14 8 1500-2200 1 15 1 0100 16 2 2000-2100 20 14 1100-2400 21 8 0100-0800 To al 39 February 81 14 3 1900-2100 20 1 0400 21 12 1300-2400 22 5 0100-0500 22 1 0700 22 5 1000-1400 25 1 1800 25 4 2100-2300 26 20 0100-2000 } 26 2 2300-2400 1 27 5 0100-0500 27 6 1400-1900 Total 65 March 81 13 2 1200-1300 16 15 0100-1500 18 1 2100 19 2 0100-0200 21 12 1200-2400 22 2 0100-0200 22 20 0500-2400 23 18 0100-1800 24 13 1200-2400 [ 25 6 0100-0600 25 4 1100-1600 26 2 1600-1700 27 1 0800 27 9 1000-1800 Total 107 April 81 09 2 1700-1800 12 22 0300-2400 13 12 0100-1200 14 4 2100-2400 15 18 0100-1800 ; 20 14 1100-2400
Table A-4 Cont. l DURATION ( MONTH DAY HOURS TIME PERIOD 21 14 0100-1400 22 8 1100-1800 26 6 1900-2400 27 21 0100-2100 28 2 0200-0300 28 5 0800-1200 28 4 1500-1800 29 4' 0600-0900 30 12 1000-2100 Total 148 May 81 01 23 0200-2400 02 17 0100-1700 03 8 1500-2200 05 3 2200-2400 06 17 0100-1700 06 5 2000-2400 07 24 0100-2400 08 6 0100-0600 08 6 0800-1400 12 2 1600-1700 13 3 1200-1400 14 4 0300-0600 14 15 0800-2400 15 1 0900 16 1 1300 16 1 1900 17 23 0200-2400 18 24 0100-2400 19 20 0100-2000 19 2 2200-2400 20 18 0100-1800 22 2 1300-1400 23 6 1800-2300 27 12 0900-2400 28 3 0500-0700 30 11 1400-2400 31 20 0100-2000 Total 277 i June 81 01 16 0900-2400 02 1 0100 02 11 1200-2200 04 5 1200-1700 05 2 1100-1200 07 12 0800-1900 12 3 1900-2100 13 3 0200-0400 13 5 0700-1100 17 5 1400-1800 19 10 1500-2400 20 23 0100-2300 TW > TL - Wind Direction 337.5' - 112.5*
Table A-4 Cont. DURATION MONTH DAY HOURS TIME PERIOD 21 8 1300-2000 23 15 0500-1900 25 3 2200-2400 26 1 0100 26 10 1000-1900 27 12 1100-2200 30 14 1100-2400 Total 159 July 81 01 7 0100-0700 01 2 0900-1000 01 12 1300-2400-02 12 1000-2100 04 4 1600-1900 05 14 1100-2400 06 19 0100-1900 07 9 1200-2000 09 1 2400 10 14 0100-1400-14 24 0100-2400 15 24 0100-2400 16 1 0200 16 17 0500-2100 17 8 1200-1900 18 6 1300-1800 \ 21 5 0500-0900 21 12 1300-2400 22 17 0100-1700 22 6 1900-2400 23 4 0100-0400 23 13 1200-2400 24 13 1000-2200 25 9 1100-1900 26 1 0500 26 3 2000-2200-27 24 0100-2400 28 2 0100-0200 l 29 11 0800-1800 30 11 1000-2000 31 17 0800-2'400 Total 322 August 81 02 5 1300-1700 21 6 1200-1700 22 6 1300-1800
- 23 3 1400-1600 24 11 1100-2100 25 5 1400-1800 26 12 1100-2200 l
27 10 1200-2100 Total 58 ' TW > TL - Wind Direction 337.5' - 112.5* i-
Table A-4 Cont. DURATION
! MONTH DAY HOURS TIME PERIOD September 81 02 14 1100-2400 03 1 0100 03 14 0700-2000 08 2 2300-2400 17 7 1800-2400 18 18 0100-1800 20 7 1500-2100 21 17 0800-2400 22 24 0100-2400 23 16 0100-1600 23 3 2200-2400 24 6 1300-1800 25 1 1000 25 1 1300 25 2 1900-2000 29 4 0200-0500 29 5 1900-2300 30 3 1100-1300 30 6 1500-2000 30 2 2200-2300 Total 153 October 81 01 2 0200-0300 03 3 1500-1700 05 5 1800-2200 07 2 2100-2200 08 5 0100-0500 08 1 1100 08 5 1300-1700 09 15 1000-2400 10 1 0300 10 1 0500 10 18 0700-2400 11 24 0100-2400 12 24 0100-2400 13 2 0100-0200 13 8 1200-1900 15 2 2300-2400 16 17 0100-1700 16 1 2300 21 20 0500-2400 22 17 0100-1700 22 2 1900-2000 25 11 1400-2400 7
26 24 0100-2400 1 27 16 0100-1600 ! 28 2 0800-0900 ! 28 13 1200-2400 1 29 24 0100-2400
- 30 24 0100-2400 i 31 11 1200-2200 Total 300 TW > TL - Wind Direction 337.5' - 112.5' Table A-4 Cont.
DURATION MONTH DAY HOURS TIME PERIOD November 81 01 6 1300-1800 02 1 0300 02 7 1200-1800 02 5 2000-2400 03 19 0100-1900 1 ~ 04 1 0300 04 13 1200-2400 09 24 0100-2400 10 7 0100-0700-11 7 1200-1800 11 5 2000-2400 12 8 0100-0800 12 11 1200-2200 13 14 1100-2400 1 14 2 0700-0800 14 15 1000-2400 15 2 0100-0200 15 10 0800-1700 16 1 0100 16 2 0500-0600 16 8 1200-1900 19 5 0400-0800 { 19 12 -1300-2400 20 1 0100 23 4 1900-2200 ) 24 23 0200-2400 25 1 0100 25 4 0300-0600 25 1 1300 ! 25 1 1600 30 4 2100-2400 Total 224 i December 81 04 13 0500-1700 08 2 2300-2400 09 1 1100 09 1 2300 10 2 0500-0600 12 3 1200-1400 14 3 0700-0900 17 13 1200-2400 18 5 0100-0500 22 9 1600-2400 Total 52 l TW > TL - Wind Direction 337.5* - 112.5*
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f TABLE A-5 Number of Days for Possible Occurrence of Thermal Internal Boundary Layer (TL>TW)
% of Days Days Month in TL>TW TL>TW Month Month Occurred Occurred Jan 31 0 0 i
Feb 28 4 17.8 1 1 Mar 31 7 22.5 i j Apr 30 6 20 May 31 10 35.4 Jun 30 7 23.3 Jul 31 6 19.3 Aug 31 8 25.8 Sep 30 2 6.6 Oct 31 10 32.2 Nov 30 8 26.6 , Dec 31 1 3.2 TL = Temperature of the land TW = Temperature of the water
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i i i I. i r 1982 Meteorological Data for the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station ! Windroses, Precipitation, and Daily i Meteorological Averages ! Prepared by Kelly L. Clayton t
This report summarizes meteorological data collected onsite at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station during 1982. Onsite weather data were collected from one 100m (340') freestanding meteorological tower, one 10m (35') satellite tower, and a ground-level precipitation monitor. Meteorological sensors are located at 10m (35'), 75m (250') and 100m (340') above ground level. The main meteorological tower supports meteorological sensors at all three levels, while the satellite tower houses wind speed and wind direction sensors at 10 meters. The meteorological data gathered from the main tower are: wind direction and wind speed from the 75m and 100m levels; ambient air temperature at all three levels; dewpoint at the 10m and 100m levels, and differential temperaturas (AT) between the 10m and 75m sensors and the 10m and 100m sensors. Precipitation is measured by a ground level tipping bucket system located at the base of the satellite tower. The sensors send signals which are recorded on a Meteorolog-ical Data Processing System (MDPS) designed, installed, and main-tained by an independent consultant. The analog signals are then converted to digital signals by a microprocessor and sent to a DEC PDP 11/34 computer located in the Davis-Besse Administration Building. Software within the DEC PDP 11/34 computer system average and store the meteorological data each hour. The wind direction and wind speed data for 1982 were graphed onto windrose charts. Windroses were graphed with the wind direction being the percentage of hours recorded for each of the 16 cardinal compass directions and wind speed in miles per hour (mph) averaged for the hours of each wind direction (Figures 1-36). The daily averages of all meteorological parameters were cal-culated and are included in the following data tables (Tables 1 - 12). Similarly, daily precipitation data were averaged and tabulated a in Tables 13 - 26. i
I Results From the meteorological data collected onsite at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station, the following trends were identified. The predominant wind direction was from the west'-southwest (WSW) during 1982 at all three sensor levels. The only variance from this occurred during May when the major wind direction was from the East (E). The average wind speeds for all three sensor levels were: 9.2 mph at the 10m level, 13.7 mph at the 75m level, and 15.42 mph at the 100m level. The highest average wind speed at all three levels occurred during January from the west-southwest (WSW) direction with an average wind speed of 27.4 mph. The precipitation data showed the greatest rainfall occurred during the month of November with 6.3 inches total. The average precipitation during 1982 at the Davis-Besse site was 2.5 inches per month. ( TAELES 1-12 MONTHLY DAVIS-BESSE SITE AVERAGE WEATHER DATA s _9 l 1 6 0 6666666m66666666666&66666666 m I wI &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ,g W I
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Table 4 DAVIS DESSE SIIE AVERAGE WEATHER DATA AF R il. 1. 1982 illROUOll afrit. 30, 1982 dally AVERA'IES 7581 W DBR 100H W SFD 100H W DIR 75H del.i 10H W SFD 10H W DIR 75H W SPD i DAY ION DEW Fi 10H A IEHF ..... --- ---. --- - ........-- ...-----.. ....---.-. - --.----- 26.7 NFil 201.2 DEO -0.3 D F 17.2 HFII 272.8 DEO 25.1 NF'll 284.0 DEO -0.6 D F 4/ 1 26.0 D F 40.9 D F 22.9 HFil 98.2 DEO 24.5 HFil 97.7 DED 40.4 DF 15.3 ftF'll 89. 4 DE O 41 6 HF il 225.7 DED -1.1 DF 4/ 2 30.1 P F 28.9 ftFH 220.2 DEO 39.1 Mf'll 228.2 DED ' 4/ 3 36.5 D F 43.7 D F 29.7 HFil 297.0 DEO 31 4 HFil 293.2 DED -1.4 D F 12.7 D F 25.5 F 23 5 Mf'H 296.8 DED 25 8 HFil 54.4 DED -1.5 D F 4/ 4 18 9 Nf'll 52.2 DEO 24.4 HI H 57.2 DED -1.4 D F 4/ 5 19.4 D F 27.0 D F 13.2 HFH 341.4 DEO 31 7 Mf H 336.7 DEO 12.2 D F 23.8 D F 23.7 HFil 333.7 DED 14 3 HFH 312.8 DEO -1.5 D F 4/ 6 10 9 ftF H 308.7 DEO 3.5 NF H 387.4 DED 0.9 D F 4/ 7 9.2 D F 23.1 DI 11.1 ftF H 62 7 DED 11 2 NFil 59.6 DEO 13.4 D F 26.1 DF 8. 0 Nf'll 113.9 DED 16.4 HF H 351.1 DED -0.9 D F 4/ 8 11 9 Mf'H 352.9 DEO 1 2 . 5 19011 354.9 DEO -1.2 D F 4/ 9 20.6 D F 33.4 D F ?.2 HFit 232.2 DED 20 3 HFH 231.3 DEO 25.3 D F 31.5 D F 13 2 P1Fil 223 0 DED 16 3 HFH 255.9 DEO -1.1 D F 4/10 11.4 HF il 245.0 DEO 6.4 HFH 257.4 l'E0 0.4 D F 4/11 26.3 D F 34.6 D F 7.2 HF H 17B.3 DED 16.5 HFil 176.0 DEO 30.2.D F 42.6 D F 9.6 itF H 165.4 DEO 26.7 HF H 277.6 DEO -0.4 D F 4/12 16.0 NF H 271.7 DED 18.0 HF'll 281.1 DEO -1.1 DF 4/13 38.9 9 F 50.1 D F 9.5 HF'll 63.4 DED 10.1 NFH 61.9 DED 30.6 D F 37.0 D F 7 7 NFil 53 8 DEO 15. 7 NF'H 105.8 DEO l.3 D F 4/14 8.9 HF Il 83.4 DEO 14.0 HFH 101.2 DEO l.0 D F 4/15 35.7 D F 41.7 D F 20.9 ilF H 19 4.8 DED 23.4 Nf'H 193.5 DEO 53.8 D F 63.6 D F 8 0.5 flfil 184.2 DEO 28.3 HFH 237.7 DES -0.9 D F 4/16 17.5 HFH 231.3 DED 26.2 HFil 240.4 DEO -0.2 D F 4/11 49.5 D F 56.1 DF 14.6 HFit 253.1 DEO 15.6 HFH 251.0 DED 32.2 D F 48.8 D F 9.5 ftF il 239.5 DED 21.5 HF'H 202.3 DEO -0.0 D F 4/10 10.3 HF H 195.4 DEO 18.9 HF'll 204.9 DEO 0.9 D F 4/19 35.4 D F 57.3 0 F 28 7 HFit 236.6 DED 23.2 ftFH 234.4 DED 53.9 D F 14.7 HF H 227.4 DE G 21.0 HF H 298.6 DEO -1 1 D F g 4/20 48.6 D F 15.2 NFil 289.8 DEO 20.4 HFH 292.7 DEU -0. 4 D F 6 4/21 17.0 D F 42.1 D F 11.1 HF'H 324.1 DEO 11.6 HF H 320.4 DEO ' 16.2 D F 43,3 D F 7.8 ftF'H 383.3 DED 257,9 DED 24.6 Mf'll 256.5 DES -0.1 D F 4/22 243.7 DEO 22.2 HTH 20.3 D F 52.4 D F 14.8 HFil 237.6 DEO 22.7 HF H 236.5 DEO 0.2 9 F 4/23 13.1 HFH 224.6 DEO 20 7 HFH 1.2 D F 4/24 32.6 D F 50.0 D F 16.9 NFil 219.6 PEG 18.5 HF H 220.9 DED I 34.9 D F 59.9 D F 9.6 HFH 205.1 DEO 31.0 ftFH 184.7 DEG -0.1 DF 4/25 6.6 NFH 153.5 DEO 10.4 HF'll 178.4 DEO - 1. 6 D F 4/26 50.3 D F 57.1 D F 18.2 HFil 25.7 DED 20.0 HFil 23.3 DED 32.0 D F 44.3 D F 1 6.6 NFil 20.5 DED 15.4 NF H 65.9 DED -1.6 D F ' 4/27 62.1 DES 15.1 HF H 68.4 DED 26.8 DF 44.9 D F 12.7 HFil 77.2 DEO 88.3 HFH 76.9 DES -1.3 D F f 4/29 12.2 HFH 68.4 DED 16.7 HFil 88.1 DED 0.7 D F - 4/29 32.4 D F 40.3 D F
- 6. 8 HF'H 72.8 DEO 10.1 ItFH 85.5 DEO 8 0.8 HF'H 4/30 38.0 D F 52.4 D F f
i
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== 0 M == ** re N M N M F4 bf4 e > N.* rese N > N> reO aI
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E ae > N N r4 0 0 M p 4 N S O N W b ra M e 4 W O O O M m = C O O G p t N ANN N m 0 4 = M M. e . m..m.remNNNra OmmeOM F4 O r8 mP4er4M teNM cMea e.re re 4 DPAo wMn C C E
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m C C & l &&&&&&&&&&&&& W > 3 C. O. O. c. e. m. 4. >. 4. S. S. 4. D. N. M. a. >. M. N. e. >. 4. n. p. 4. O. O. D. O. M. e a s . H = = E al 4deep 0 0 4 e m e d m e rs O W N = N 4 M m e M e m e n N m e e m n C re .e r.a C.=NO N 4F40 4reN.* re O r4 W
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Table 11 DAVIS DESSE SITE AVERAGE WEAIHER DATA NOVEMBER le 1982 THROUGH NOVEMBER 30e 1982 DAllV AVERAGES I DAY 10M DEW Fi ION A TEMF 10M W SPD 10M W DIR 75M W SFD 75M W DIR 100M U SfD 100M W DIR 75M DELI II/ 8 59.4 DF 64.8 D F S.6 MFH 200.5 DEO 15 0 MFH 221.4 MG 14 7 MI'H 224.1 DES -0.2 D F 11/ 2 57.3 D F 41.0 D F 10.9 Mf H 209.7 DEG 17.1 Mi'H 288.6 DEO 19.0 MfH 220.9 DES -0.4 D F ll/ 3 446DF 57.9 D F 9.0 Mfil 285.0 MG 12.3 Mf H 293.0 DEG 12.8 Mf'H 292.4.M8 -0.7 D F
!!/ 4 33.1 D F 28.0 D ' 19.9 Mf H 261.2 DEG 22.1 MFH 249.3 DEO 36.9 MFH 268.8 MS -l.7 D F
, 11/ 5 22.6 D F 31.7 D F 18.7 NFH 235.4 DEO 24.1 MFH 242.5 DE G 25.4 Nf'H 248.4 MS -1.2 D F 11/ 4 22.2 D F 38 8 D F 13.0 MFH 225.9 MG 15.6 Mf H 237.0 DEO 20.2 Mf H 237.4 MS -0. 4 > F 4 11/ 7 27.9 D F 44.3 D F 11.4 MfH 202.8 HG 21.2 MfH 209.2 DEO 24.7 Mf H 211.4 MG 0.2 D F i 18/ 5 37.2 D F 50.0 D F 10.2 Mf H 230.9 DEG 87.2 Mf H 252.5 DES 19.3 Nf H 253.2 DEO 0.0 > F 11/ 9 38.5 D F 44.9 D F 12.0 MFH 43.4 DEO 19.2 Mf H 48.8 MG 20.0 Mf H 48.6 DES -0.9 D F ! 18/10 37 7 D F 49.9 D F 10.5 Mf H 118.9 DEG 15.6 Mf H 831 8 fE0 20.1 Mf H 134.5 DES 0.3 > F l 18/11 48.7 p F 57.2 D F 12. 4 Mf H 199.7 MD 22.4 Nf H 204.8 DES 25.7 MfH 207.8 MS -0.3 D F 11/82 48.5 D f 50.6 D F 21.5 Mf H 224.7 DEO 32.0 Mf'H 232.2 M G 34.7 MFH 231.2 DES -0.4 D F 11/13 28.7 p F 32.7 D F 12.9 MfH 237.4 DEO 14.9 Mf'H 249.7 MG 17.7 M8H 248.7 MO -1.2 > F . 81/14 21.3 D F 31.8 D F ?.4 Mi H 179.7 MG 12.7 Mf H 224.3 DEG 13.4 NFH 222.9 MO -1.3 > F 11/15 17.9 D F 30.1 D F 9.8 Mf H 225.4 DEO $4.5 NFH 254.9 DEG 14.2 NFH 257.4 M S -0.7 D F 11/16 21.3 D F 33.9 D F 7.3 Nf'H 195.1 DED 14.9 MfH 218.9 DES 17. 4 Mf'H 214.0 M G O.2 > F 11/17 30.9 D F 39.9 D F 4.4 Mf H 142.7 DED 10.6 Mf H 847.4 DEO 8 0. 4 Mf H 175.5 MG 2.7 D F 81/18 38.9 D F 45.7 D F 4.5 Mf H 180.5 DES 10.1 MFH 140.8 DEO 10.7 MFH 153.2 MG 2.3 D F i 81/19 45.1 D F 53.5 D F 8. 6 Mf'H 148.3 MD 14 5 MFH 154.7 DEG 15.6 Mf'H 150.7 M G 1.3 D F 11/20 50.5 D F 55.9 D F 12.8 Mf H 151.2 M G 22.6 MfH 154.1 MG 25.8 MFH 154.6 M6 -0.9 D F 11/21 45.7 la F 51.0 D F 5.8 Mf H 191.5 DEO 15.3 NFH 336.8 MG 17.0 NFH 338.2 M8 -0.4 9 F i 11/22 11/23 48.3 45.0 D D F F 44.3 p F 44.0 D F 10.2 Mf'H 9.4 NFH 133.2 DEO 255.2 MG 14.5 MPH 14.2 Mf H 47.4 DEO 306.2 DEO 14.0 MPH 15.5 MfH A9.7 DES 304.3 MS
-1.0
-0.0 D
D F F
$I t 11/24 23.4 D F 33.0 D F 14.9 Mf'N 204.0 MG 19.7 NFH 296.7 MS 20.4 Mi H 295.4 MS -1.3 D F 11/25 17.4 D F 29.4 D F 12.1 Mf'N 203.4 MO 14.7 MFH 227.6 MG 18.3 MfH 227.5 MG -1.8 DF 4
11/26 20.3 D F 33.7 p F ?.9 MFH 75.4 DES 15.3 Mf H 2 48.1 MO - 16.4 Mf H 249.4 DES -0.7 D F 11/27 17.6 D F 31.5 D F B.B MFH 37.7 DEO 11.5 MFH 50.7 MG 12.0 MFH 58.4 MS -1.2 D F 58/28 35.4 D F 40.6 D F 10.4 Nf H 823.5 DEO 17.9 Mf H 158.7 PEG 20.1 Mf H 840.0 MB -0.2 D F 11/29 34.5 D F 42.4 D F 13.6 MFH 134.8 MO 19.5 Mf-H 230.2 DES 21.2 MFH 230.5 MG -0.9 D F 18/30 43.7 D F 48.0 D F 4.3 MFH 79.4 DEO 14.3 MFH 190.0 M6 16.8 MFH 193.9 M6 0.5 9 F
% s
Table 12 DAVIS DESSE SITE AVERAGE WEATHER DATA DECEMBER te 1982 THROUGH DEEENDER 31. 1982 DAILY AVERAGES ION W St D 10M W DIR 75H W BFD 75M W DIR 500M W SFD 100M W DlR 75M del.T DAY ION DEW t'T SON A 1EHF .....- . . .........- ..--...... 56.4 D F 6.5 MPH 114.0 DEO 14.1 HFH 196.4 DEO 16.7 MPH 198.3 DEO 0.3 D F 12/ 1 49.2 D F 0.7 p F 62.1 DF 8.9 MPH 151.7 DEO 18.4 NFH 878.5 DED 21 4 MOH 181.4 DEO 12/ 2 55.5 D F 12/ 3 56.6 D F 66.8 D F 12.8 Nf H 203.3 DEO 22.6 HFH 207.1 DED 25.3 Mf'H 206.9 DES -0.3 D F 50.7 p F 7.8 HFH 25.1 DEO 13.9 MFH 38.3 DED 14.9 NfH 31.9 DEO 0.2 D F 12/ 4 46.4 D F 168.9 DEO 0.7 D F 12/ 5 48.3 D F 54.7 D F 12.5 Mf H 150.7 DEO 21.9 MfH 165.8 DED 25.0 HfH 32.8 D F 43.5 D F 14.4 Mf H 252.1 DEO 21.1 Mf H 268.9 DEG 24.2 Mf H 268.7 DES -0.4 D F 12/ 6 14.9 Mf'H 266.1 DES -0.9 D F 12/ 7 30.3 D F 38.4 DF 9. 7 HFil 255.5 DEO 13.3 NF H 265.4 DE O 39.1 D F 8.9 Ntil 50.0 DED 12.2 MfH 12.1 DEO 12 8 Mf'H 7.5 DED -l .0 D F i 12/ 8 30.5 D F 15.1 MfH 12.0 DED -1.2 D F 11.4 D F 23.5 D F 11.2 Mf H 355.6 DEG 14.5 HFH 10.4 DEO 12/ 9 19.6 MFH 226.2 DED -1.0 9 F 12/10 24.1 D F 29.0 D F 11.9 Mf H 220.4 DEO 17.4 Nf H 226.4 DEO 26.8 D F 11 0 Mf H 313.8 DEO 14.3 NFH 323.4 DIO 17.3 MfH 323.7 DES -0.6 D F 12/11 14.6 D F 313.2 DEO 16.1 Mf H 315.1 DEO 0.1 D F 12/12 9.1 D F 21. 4 D F 10.7 Hf H 296.4 DED 15.6 Mf'H 20.9 D F 10.8 Mf H 205.9 DEO 18.0 MI'H 213.9 DEO 20.1 NFH 216.0 DEO -0.1 D F 22/13 9.6 D F 198.4 DEO 0.0 D F 12/14 23.5 9 F 33.8 D F 10.8 Mf'H 188.5 DED 19.8 Mf H 197.1 DEO 22 8 MfH 41.9 D F 7.8 Mf H 169.1 DEO 14.7 MfH 180.2 DEO 16 8 Mf H 193.6 DEG 0.4 9 F 12/15 38.5 D F 331.1 DES -1.0 D F 27.9 D F 33.5 D i 12.7 NFH 322.1 DEO 17.5 MFH 330.6 DEO 18.6 NFH 12/16 70.2 DEO -1.0 0 F 12/17 17.8 D F 27.5 D F 6.9 Mf H 62.8 DEO 8.6 Mf H 69.3 DED ?.3 HFH 32.8 D F 18.7 Mf H 179.3 DEO 20.8 MfH 183.1 DEO 23 0 MPH 183.5 DEO -0.9 D F 12/18 23.9 D F 240.3 DES -0.9 D F 12/19 35.5 D F 36.5 D F 8.7 Mf H 227.1 DEO 14.5 Mi-H 238.4 DEO 16 4 Nf H 32 2 D F 14.5 Mf H 273.5 DED 19.5 Mf H 281.8 DED 20 9 MTH 281.4 DEO -1.1 D F 12/20 26.2 D F 278.7 DEG -0.9 D F I 31.8 D F $ 0. 2 Mf H 270.1 DEO 14.5 HFH 279.0 DED 15 5 MFH 12/21 12/22 22.5 D F 24.5 D F 31.7 D F 7.1 Mf'H 158.9 DED 13.3 Nf H 174.4 DED 15.5 MFH 179.0 DED 192.8 DEO
-0.1 0.3 D
D F F 12/23 41.2 D F 45.7 D F 9.3 HFH 174.7 DEO 18.8 Hf H 189.1 DEO 21 7 Mf'H 54.1 DF 9. 9 Nf H 187.9 DEO 21.2 Mf'H 193.1 DEG 24.5 MFH 193.3 DEO 0.3 D F 12/24 48.6 D F 213.3 DES -0.5 D F 12/25 58.0 D F 58.9 D F 16.7 HFH 209.6 DEO 27.7 MfH 213.7 DEO 30 9 MfH 40.4 D F 11.8 Mf H 9.2 DEO 16 2 Mf H ** . 5 DEO 17 2 Mf'H 15.5 DEO -1.0 D F i 12/26 32.7 D F 14 3 MFH 144.7 DEO 1.5 D F 12/27 38.1 D F 41.5 D F 6.8 Mf H 104.2 DED 12.5 Mf H 134.4 DEO 50.6 D F 25.4 MFH 219.2 DED 35.8 MPH 224.2 DEO 39 1 MFH 222.8 DES -0.4 D F 12/28 39.5 D F 264.2 DES -1.3 9 F 12/29 16.5 D F 28.0 D F 16.9 HFH 260.1 DEO 20.7 MPH 265.9 DEO 21.7 MfH 227.6 DEO 10.7 Mf H 237.5 DEO 11 2 Mf H 237.0 DES -1.1 DF 22/30 14.4 D F 24.0 D F 8.6 HFH 13.2 MFH 204.4 DES -0.6 D F 12/31 17.8 D F 27.4 D F 7.8 HFH 200.2 DEO 11.7 MFH 205.2 DEO
i I TABLES 13-26 MONTHLY DAVIS-BESSE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA l
Table 13 DAVIS BESSE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA JANUARY 1r 1922 THROUGH JANUARY 31r 19S2 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 1/ 1 0.00 IN. 1/ 2 0.00 IN. 1/ 3 0.28 IM. 1/ 4 0.22 IN. 1/ 5 0.02 IN. 1/ 6 0.20 IN. 1/ 7 0.00 IN. 1/ 8 0.00 IN. 1/ 9 0.00 IN. 1/10 0.00 IN. 1/11 0.00 IN. 1/12 0.01 IN. 1/13 0.05 IN. 1/14 0.00 IN. 1/15 0.00 IN. 1/16 0.00 IN. 1/17 0.00 IN. 1/18 0.00 IN. 1/19 . 0.00 IN. 1/20 0.00 IN. 1/21 0.00 IN. 1/22 0.18 IN. 1/23 1.19 IN. 1/24 0.05 IN. 1/25 0.04 IN. 1/26 0.00 IN. 1/27 0.00 IN. 1/28 0.00 IN. 1/29 0.05 IN. 1/30 0.76 IN. 1/31 0.24 IN.
Table 14 DAVIS SEESE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA FEBRUARY i- 1??2 THROUGH FEPRUARY 23r 1??2 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 2/ 1 0.0? IN. 2/ 2 0.00 IN. 2/ 3 0.14 IN. 2/ 4 0.00 IN. 2/ 5 0.19 IN. 2/ 6 0.00 IN. 2/ 7 0.00 IN. 2/ 8 0.02 IN. 2/ 9 0.14 IN. 2/10 0.00 IN. 2/11 0.00 IN. 2/12 0.00 IN. 2/13 0.00 IN. 2/14 0.00 IN. 2/15 0.00 IN. 2/16 0.00 IN. 2/17 0.02 IN. 2/18 0.09 IN. 2/19 0.01 IN. 2/20 0.00 IN. 2/21 0.01 IN. 2/22 0.00 IN. 2/23 0.00 IN. 2/24 0.09 IN. 2/25 0.00 IN. 2/26 0.00 IN. 2/27 0.00 IN. 2/28 0.00 IN. i l l Table 15 ; DA'JIS BESSE SITE PRECIPITATIDH DATA i MARCH 1r 1?S2 THROUGH MARCH 31r 1??2 DAILY TOTALE DAY RAIN FALL 3/ 1 0.00 IN. 3/ 2 0.34 IN. 3/ 3 0.00 IN. 3/ 4 0.6? IN. 3/ 5 0.00 IN. 3/ 6 0.00 IN. 3/ 7 0.00 IM. 3/ 8 0.02 IN. 3/ 9 0.01 IM. 3/10 0.00 IN. 3/11 0.17 IN. 3/12 0.10 IN. 3/13 0.21 IN. 3/14 0.00 IN. 3/15 0.00 IN. 3/16 0.37 IN. 3/17 0.00 IN. 3/19 0.00 IN. 3/19 0.04 IN. 4 3/20 0.20 IN. 3/21 0.00 IN.
, 3/22 0.00 IN.
3/23 0.00 IN. 3/24 0.00 IN. 3/25 0.2? IN. 3/26 0.00 IN. 3/27 0.00 IN. 3/28 0.00 IN. 3/29 0.00 IN. 3/30 0.39 IN. 3/31 0.01 IN. 2 I t 3
Table 16 DAIS SESSE SITE PRECI?ITATION DATA APRIL 1r 1982 THROUGH APRIL 20, 1952 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 4/ 1 0.00 IN. 4/ 2 0.00 IN. 4/ 3 0.50 IN. 4/ 4 0.10 IN. 4/ 5 0.07 IN. 4/ 6 0.00 IN. 4/ 7 0.00 IN. 4/ 3 0.00 IN. 4/ 9 0.00 IN. 4/10 0.07 IM. 4/11 0.00 IN. 4/12 0.00 IN. 4/13 0.00 IN. 4/14 0.00 IN. 4/15 0.00 IN. 4/16 0.56 IN. 4/17 0.08 IN. 4/18 0.00 IN. 4/19 0.01 IN. 4/20 0.08 IN. 4/21 0.00 IN. 4/22 0.00 IN. 4/23 0.00 IN. 4/24 0.00 IN. 4/25 0.06 IN. 4/26 0.03 IN. 4/27 0.00 IN. 4/28 0.00 IN. 4/29 0.00 IN. 4/30 0.00 IN. I
5 ' -- g l l Table 17 DAVIS BESSE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA t MAY 1r 1992 THROUGH MAY 31r 1982 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 5/ 1 0.00 IN. G/ 2 0.00 IN. 5/ 3 0.00 IN. 5/ 4 0.00 IN. 5/ 5 0.00 IN. 5/ 6 0.00 IN. 5/ 7 0.25 IN. 5/ 8 0.04 IN. 5/ 9 0.00 IN. 5/10 0.00 IN. 5/11 0.00 IN. 5/12 0.00 IN. 5/13 0.00 IN. 5/14 0.00 IN. 5/15 0.00 IN. 5/16 0.00 IN. 5/17 0.00 IN. 5/18 0.01 IN. 5/19 0.02 IN. 5/20 0.18 IN. 5/21 0.20 IN. 5/22 0.53 IN. 5/23 0.00 IN. 5/24 0.00 IN. 5/25 0.00 IN. 5/26 0.09 IN. 5/27 0.68 IN. 5/29 0.00 IN. 5/29 0.00 IN. 5/30 0.04 IN. 5/31 0.00 IN. (-
Table 18 , DAVIS BEESE EITE PRECIPITATI0t! DATA JUNE 1, 1992 THROUGH JUNE 30.- 1?S2 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 6/ 1 0.00 IN. 6/ 2 0.00 IN. 6/ 3 0.01 IN. 6/ 4 0.00 IN. 6/ 5 0.14 IN. 6/ 6 0.14 IN. 6/ 7 0.00 IN. 6/ 8 0.00 IN. 6/ 9 0.03 IM. 6/10 0.00 IN. 6/11 0.00 IN. 6/12 0.00 IN. 6/13 0.00 IN. 6/14 0.00 IN. 6/15 0.31 IN. 6/16 0.40 IN. 6/17 0.00 IN. 6/18 0.00 IN. 6/19 0.21 IN. , 6/20 0.12 IN. 6/21 0.00 IN. 6/22 0.00 IN. 6/23 0.00 IN. 6/24 0.00 IN. 6/25 0.00 IN. 6/26 0.00 IN. 6/27 0.00 IN. 6/29 1.08 IN. 6/29 0.11 IN. 6/30 0.00 IN. t I Table 19 DAVIS BESSE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA ( JULY 1r 1982 THROUGH JULY 31, 19S2 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 7/ 1 0.00 IN. 7/ 2 0.00 IN. 7/ 3 0.98 IN. 7/ 4 0.00 IN. 7/ 5 0.00 IN. 7/ 6 0.00 IN. 7/ 7 0.09 IN. 7/ 8 0.01 IN. 7/ 9 0.00 IN. 7/10 0.39 IN. 7/11 0.00 IN. 7/12 0.00 IN. 7/13 0.00 IN. 7/14 0.00 IN. 7/15 0.00 IN. 7/16 0.00 IN. 7/17 0.00 IN. 7/13 0.00 IN. 7/19 0.05 IN. 7/20 0.02 IN. 7/21 0.00 IN. 7/22 0.00 IN. 7/23 0.00 IN. 7/24 0.00 IN. 7/25 0.00 IN. 7/26 0.00 IN. 7/27 0.00 IN. 7/28 0.00 IN. 7/29 0.00 IN. 7/30 0.04 IN. 7/31 0.00 IN.
Table 20 DAVIS PESSE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA AUGUST in 1992 THROUGH AUGUST 21r 1992 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL S/ 1 0.00 IN. 8/ 2 0.05 IN. 8/ 2 0.00 IN. l: 8/ 4 0.00 IN. 8/ 5 0.00 IN. S/ 6 0.00 IN. 8/ 7 0.00 IM. S/ 8 0.12 IN. 8/ 9 0.03 IN. 8/10 0.00 IN. 8/11 0.00 IN. 8/12 0.00 IN. 9/12 0.00 IN. 8/14 0.00 IN. S/15 0.00 IN. 8/16 0 00 IN. S/17 0.00 IN. 3/18 0.00 IN. 8/19 0.00 IN. S/20 0.5? IN. 8/21 0 00 IN. 8/22 0.00 IN. 8/23 0.22 IN. S/24 0.01 IN. S/25 0.00 IN. S/26 0.00 IN. 8/27 0.00 IN. t S/28 0.00 IN. 8/29 0.00 IN. 8/30 0.00 IM. 8/31 0.00 IN.
Table 21 DAVIS BESSE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA SEPTEMBER li 1?S2 THROUGH SEPTEMBER 30, 1932 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 9/ 1 0.00 IN. 9/ 2 0.12 IN. 9/ 3 0.00 IN. 9/ 4 0.00 IM. 9/ 5 0.00 IN. 9/ 6 0.09 IN. 9/ 7 0.07 IN.
?/ 8 0.00 IN, 9/ 9 0.00 IN.
9/10 0.00 IN. 9/11 0.00 IN. 9/12 0.00 IN. 9/13 0.00 IN. 9/14 0.60 IN. 9/15 0.12 IN. 9/16 0.00 IN. 9/17 0.00 IN. 9/18 0.00 IN. 9/19 0.00 IN. 9/20 0.00 IN. 9/21 0.02 IN. 9/22 0.41 IN. 9/23 0.00 IN. 9/24 0.04 IN. 9/25 0.02 IN. 9/26 0.14 IN. 9/27 0.97 IN. 9/29 0.00 IN. 9/29 0.00 IN. 9/30 0.00 IN. l
Table 22 DA','IS BEEEE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA OCTOBER 1r 1992 THROUGH OCTOBER 31r 1?S2 DAILY TOTALS ! DAY RAIN FALL 10/ 1 0.00 IN. 10/ 2 0.00 IN. 10/ 3 0.00 IN. 10/ 4 0.00 IN. 10/ 5 0.17 IN. ! 10/ 6 0.00 IN. i 10/ 7 0.07 IN. I 10/ 3 0.00 IN. 10/ ? 0.00 IN. 10/10 0.02 IN. 10/11 0.00 IN. 10/12 0.00 IN. 10/13 0.10 IN. 10/14 0.00 IN. 3 10/15 0.08 IN. 10/16 0.00 IN. 10/17 0.00 IN. 10/18 0.00 IN. 10/19 0.00 IN. 10/20 0.11 IN. 10/21 0.00 IN. 10/22 0.04 IN. 10/23 0.00 IN. 10/24 0.00 IN. 10/25 0.00 IN. 10/26 0.00 IN. 10/27 0.00 IN. 10/28 0.00 IN. 10/29 0.01 IN. 10/30 0.00 IN. f 1.02 IN. I 10/31 i l l l l 4 L . . _ . .
Table 23 DAVIS BESEE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA I NOVEMBER 1r 1??2 THROUGH NOVEMBER 30, 1982 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 11/ 1 2.27 IN. 11/ 2 0.46 IN. 11/ 3 0 00 IN. 11/ 4 0.00 IN. 11/ 5 0.03 IN. 11/ 6 0.00 IN. 11/ 7 0.00 IN. 11/ 8 0.00 IN. 11/ 9 0.05 IN. 11/10 0.03 IN. 11/11 0.15 IN. 11/12 0.44 IN. 11/13 0.00 IN. 11/14 0.00 IN. 11/15 0.00 IN. 11/16 0.00 IN. 11/17 0.00 IN. 11/18 0.00 IN. 11/19 0.00 IN. 6, 11/20 0.81 IN. 11/21 0.73 IN. 11/22 0.00 IN. 11/23 0.47 IN. 11/24 0.10 IN. 11/25 0.00 IN. 11/26 0.17 IN. 11/27 0.00 IN. 11/28 0.55 IN. 11/29 0.02 IN. 11/30 0.00 IN. l l { _27
Table 24 DAVIS BESSE SITE PRECIPITATION DATA DECEMBER 1r 1952 THROUGH DECEMBER 31r 1?S2 DAILY TOTALS DAY RAIN FALL 12/ 1 0.20 IN. 12/ 2 0 00 IN. 12/ 3 0.03 IN. 12/ 4 0 17 IN. 12/ 5 0.10 IN. 12/ 6 0.01 IN. 12/ 7 0 00 IN. 12/ 3 0.03 IN. 12/ 9 0.00 IN. 12/10 0.01 IN. 12/11 0.00 IN. 12/12 0 00 IN. 12/13 0 00 IN. 12/14 0.00 IN. 12/15 0.68 IN. 12/16 0.17 IN. 12/17 0.13 IN. 12/18 0.00 IN. 12/19 0.41 IN. 12/20 0.00 IN. 12/21 0 00 IN. 12/22 0.10 IN. 12/23 0.09 IN. 12/24 0.09 IN. 12/25 0.75 IN. 12/26 0.00 IN. 12/27 0.38 IN. 12/28 0.51 IN. 12/29 0.00 IN. 12/30 0.00 IN. 12/31 0.00 IN. s
Tebis 25 DAVIS BESSE SITE PRECIFITATION DATA ? i JANUARY le 1922 THROUGH DECEMBER 31r 1992 n0NTHLY TOTALS MONTH RAIN FALL 1/82 3.2? IN. 2/32 0.7? IN. 3/82 2.83 IN. 4/32 1.56 IN. 5/32 2.04 IN. - 6/22 2.56 IN. 7/S2 1.58 IN. 8/92 1.02 IN. 9/82 2.60 IN.
- 10/22 1.64 IN.
- 11/82 6.23 IN. ,
12/82 3 86 7N. TA24.E 26 . leAVIS 1;LLSL SIIL Wattp Dicll:ggUlton DAVIS l'LttL Sill Wittle DI*.iltitiUI gingt 10 ft Ul tf p DIhtCiluH VS OFELittlAllost to it WIND DIRECIlute US FI'LCIPilAllur# t' L 1 hUAR Y 1, SYu2 I HEOpbli ILOFUARY 2pe 11u2 JAtlu AR Y 1, 19u2 11tEUUUll J(,ttuAHy 31, g yt;2 ItuuhS Al l' ACil IpI AI Attuusil ul 11001;S Al eAffl THIAL Att0Urle ut Witlp DlkLCTION W l His Dil LL 110tl t htCIPII Alluti WlHis DiklCilON WIND DIRECTION Ft.1 L IPI I A l l OH
- - - - - - ~ ~ ~ - - - - . - -------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
gg i1 0.06 H 49 e.t/
- tiffL U O.04
- flNL J '.s 0.0Y
- llE bo 0.24 til 61 0.0y LHE 44 0.03 Lrit /6 0.13
- E ju 0.2Y
- L 2J 0.0S
- LSE 28 0.21
- 150 to 0.00
- SE 20 0.20
- SL 82 0.00
- SbE 19 0.11 SSL I4 0.oo
- S 57 0.35
- S 20 0.v0
- SSW 5/ 0.25
- SSW
- 66 0.0L
- SW 90 0.35
- SW
- 13Y 0.01
- WSW 1/9 0.87
- USW 72 0.11
- W 67 0.02
- W 24 v.01
- WNW 25 0.04
- HHW 27 0.03
- t#W 23 0.01
- HW 20 0.01
- NNW 27 0.14
- HNW 3J 0.e4
- O lluuRS OF CALM 0 HOURS Ol~ CALM DAVIS tiESSE Sill WIND DISIRibullON DAVIS DLSbE SIIE W1HD DISikit>Ulluti 10 il WIND DikECTION vs PRECIP!TAl10H to it WillD DIELCI!OH VS F RLCIPII Allun HAktil to 19tl2 THkUUGH HANCil 31 e 1 Y S.! APRIL le 1YU2 lilH000tl AthtL Joe 1902 ItOURS Al EACil 10iAL Att0UNT Of flours Al LACH IulAL AftOUtli UF WIND DIRECi10N WIllD DIFLCIION FRECIPIIATION Winte DIRECTION WIND DIF ECTION FFECIPIIAllost gg 20 0.12
- H 20 0.00
- ttHE 16 0.12
- gngg 3o o.oo **
11C 45 0.07
- pt 45 c.00 Etit L6 0.10
- gug 74 o,of
- E 37 0.31
- E b6 0.00
- ESE 34 0.64
- g5g go o,oo
- SE 16 0.13
- SC 13 0.v0
- SSE 37 0.07
- SSE J1 1.01
- S 7d 0.14
- S 43 0.32
- SSW 63 0.39
- SSW 53 o,gt
- Sy L4 0.02
- SW U6 0.0/
- WSW 102 0.36 * $3SW 303 0.0L
- W e3 0.00
- W SS o,go
- WilW 46 0.00
- y,,W 43 0.00
- NW 44 0.24
- NW 24 0.00
- NilW 30 0.04
- NNW s .- 32 0.00
- O HOURS Of CALH 0 HOURS Of CALit
-~ ...
\.
TA31 27 DAVIS PESEE Sill WillD DISikl0UlluH DM'IS Dl bSL SIIL WillD DISTRit>UIIU4f 10 il WItf D DIREC f10H VS FI,LCIPII AIIdit 10 H Wit!D Dik[CTIDit VS FRL Citt l Allani MAY le 1YU2 1HkUUGH HAY J1e 1982 JUNE le luu2 IHl:OUbli JUffL 30, tYu2 HOURS Al L Alif 10TAL ANOUNI Ut llutlRS Al L ACl3 8HIAL AHoutil 04 WIND DIRECIION WlHD DIELCilutt itL CIPI TM I0tg WillD DIEtCIION WlHD DIF:LCiloff PALCitigA130,3 N 22 0.05
- If 30 0.12
- IINE 25 0.00
- HilE 45 0.1U
- HE 58 0.15
- ffL 63 0.24
- ENE 92 0.32
- ENE 54 0.2y
- E 135 0.50
- E 67 0.00
- ESE 62 0.19 CSE 24 0.01
- SE 36 0.22
- SE 20 0.03
- SSE 24 0.16
- SSE 17 *
- 0.00 S 44 0.01 S .
2Y 0.J0
- SSW 66 0.03
- SSW B3 0.32
- Su au 0.02
- SW 79
- 0.53 WSW 35 0.10
- WSW 48 0.21
- W 20 0.00
- W 39 0.03
- WNW 14 0.06 WNW 21
- 0.00 IfW 24 0.13
- NW 49 0.40
- NNW 19 0.02
- NHW 52 0.12
- O 110URS OF CALH 0 HOURS OF CALM DAVIS BESSE SITE WitID DISikibuTION DAVIS bESSE SIIL WlHD D1SIRibullplt 10 H WlHD D1kECTION VS PhECIPITATION 10 H WIND DIFECTION US FtLCitt 1 Al10N JULY le 1982 THROUGH JULY J1, 1982 AUGUST 1, 1982 Ilih00GH AUGUSI 31, 1982 HOURS Al L ACil IDIAL ANDUNT OF ffDURS Al'EACH IUTAL AHoutli UF WIND DIRECTIUM WIND DIRECTION PEECIf>IIATION WIND DIFECTIutt WIND DIRECTIOff itLCIF II A TIOil N 32 0.00
- pg 30 tlNE 0.00
- 37 0.08
- NME 32 HE 53
- 0.00
- 0.00 HL 47 0.00
- ENE 55 0.00
- EllE 60 E 50 0.00
- 0.00
- C 51 0.01
- ESE 32 0.00
- SE 44
- ESE 22 0.00
- 0.24 SE 20 SSE 30 0.49
- 0.00
- S SSE 24 0.00
- 4 *S 0.18
- s 40
- SSW 91 0.04
- 0.01 SSW Y6 0.03
- SW 110 0.37
- WSW 90
- SW 324 0.21
- 0.03 WSW u 25
- 79 0.48
- 0.09 UHW W 43 0.27
- 11 0.00
- WNW 30 0.01
- IfW 13 0.06
- NW
- NHW 23 0.00 23 0.00
- NNW. 22
- 0.00 o 1100RS OF C6LH 0 stotlR1, UF CALH
TA11E 25 davis llM i Sill Wit 3D plSIP!bullHet DAVib bkbSL hill UlllD Di'a lkillll lust IO n Wit 8D D!kEClluts VS ti.LCIP!IAllurl 10 at WillD Dil.Lellura US fILCIPITAlltul SLPILnbLk le 1982 IllkUUGil LLPit fitiL R J0, !Y32 1E l ul:L H le lYU2 linkUUbtl DClubtP 31, !YW2 il0URS Al CACil 101AL ANUUlli Or flODkt Al LAt:H IotAl Anuulli UI WitID DIhECIIUM WltID DiktCliots I ht CIPi l Allute WillD DiktCiluN HillD DIELCiluH ttLCll'11 AI!Ott H 17 0.00
- al 7 0.0o
- lillL 2S 0.1U
- listL 14 0.00
- HL 29 0.20
- lit. 23 0.14
- EHC 46 0.03
- LilE 35 0.00
- L JS 0.00
- L SY 0.00
- FSC 32 0.11
- LLE 32 0.00 SL 34 0.06
- SL 21 0.02
- SSE 39 0.05
- SSE 30 0.20 S 72 0.03
- S 74 0.02
- SSW V7 0.01
- SSW 127 0.27
- SW S4 0.24
- SH 70 0.2/
- HSW 41 0.31
- uSW 97 0.ou
- W 40 0.39
- W 45 0.62
- WilW 38 0.36
- peau 34 0.00
- Hu 46 0.55
- llu 4h , 0.02
- HiaW 21 0.00
- MHW 29 0.00
- O IluuRS Ul CALM 0 BluuRS OF CALM DAVIS DESbL Sill WillD DISTRlbplloff DAVIS bESSL Sill WIND DISikibultuN to N WlHD DikLCllutt US PRECIP11 Allust 10 M WlHD DIREC11Ull VS PhECIPITATION DLCLHDLR 1e tvu2 liikuubit DLCLHbtM 31, 1Y82 HUVLHbER 1e 1Y82 lilROUGH NOVEMBLR 30, 1Y82 HOURS Al E ACil 10lAL ANDUtli UF lluukS AI LACH lulAL AHuulli Uf i PEELil'11 AllOH WIND DIFECTIOtt ftECIPliAll0N WlHD DIREC110H Wil!D DIRECIION WIND DIRECT 10H ..-...--__.------ __ ___________ ....... ...... . .....___ ._. .
6 0.00 * #1 15 0.00 al
- 7 0.01
- HHL 10 0.10 tit!E 0.13
- 2/ 0.12
- lit 33 llE 0.14
- ENE 44 0.43
- L ill 27 41 0.18
- L 43 0.29
- E O.54
- ESE L7 0.41
- gSE 2/
47 0.01
- SE 2u 0.23
- SL 0.12
- SbE 49 0.d3
- SSL 35
- 70 0.06
- S 97 0.3Y S 'O.75
- SSW 119 0.UU
- SSW 136
- B6 0.3Y
- SH 56 0.43 Su 0.J4
- 61 0.61
- HSW B0 WSW 0.00
- W 4b 0.24
- H 67 2/ 0.76
- utlW 41 0.08 WNW HW 12 0.00
- Hu 27 0.06
- 14 0.85
- latiu gg 0.14 NNW O HOURS OF CAL H 0 al0URS Of C A1 H ,
i 1982 WINDROSE CHARTS FIGURES 1-12 = 10 METER SENSOR LEVEL FIGURES 13-24 = 75 METER SENSOR LEVEL FIGURES 25-36 = 100 METER SENSOR LEVEL i
~
i l I l I I
10 METER JANUARY 82 I N NNW NW ENE OIIQLc A b "
\ Jd Q' e
}H))j),)
sw SE S DAVIS-BESSE SITE MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION _ FIGURE 1 wnosygg
10 METER FEBRUARY 82 N NNW NE E ENE
\
W !b
\' '
\ Iu
\
\ (hM xx\ //
WSW
,ESE Sw SE l
SS SE S l l DAVIS-BESSE SITE l MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION i win &Sygo-FIGURE 2 WINODmECTG wa 1 10 METER MARCH 82 N NNW ' NE NW E
/ ENE Oll!Ina a&
yyy;,;yy[ sw E N ss sE S
"'" Sfo'A - MONTHLY D D STR BUTION WIND DmECT* ~'
FIGURE 3 10 METER APRIL 82 N NNE 5 E N
~; [ Z \x\...
lN k #ll// b i .m$ s J (#((7' TV))J)}L[ SW SE S l DAVIS-BESSE SITE MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION w,No.sngo-FIGURE 4
! WINODMECT M - -
f
10 METER MAY 82 Fl
""* NE N .e
" / / aus N\
W ' [' . ff(LL \\\\ l gV(( '"om ^j~j ;"
/
Ese l Sw
~~
SS , S l DAVIS-BESSE SITE MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION
** *E ~ ~
FIGURE 5 wmoome -.
10 METER JUNE 82 N NNW NW m c
'N WNW
\ ENE W' O_h \
q\Q /,!l ;))
' ase SW SS l
, DAVIS-BESSE SITE WINO S D_ . MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION )
FIGURE 6 f wno einecia i i i 10 METER JULY 82 www NW WNW
\
'ENE W ((/ , g Q
; i i l EsE SW E
SE S DAVIS-BESSE SITE wmo sgo- - MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION FIGURE 7 WMo 0lRE 0
10 METER AUGUST 82 N NNW NE NW ENE
. ,m a
~~~~
/
(Mb$ i l SW E SE S DAVIS-BESSE SITE MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION
' ~
*'" '875 FIGURE 8 WIND OIRECTM s-a i
l 10 METER SEPTEMBER 82 N NNW ~ ww _
~
W f ,\ ( / E
\
j , )
\
wS
/
ESE SW \ SE SE I DAVIS-BESSE SITE
*'" -S y p -
MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION WIND DIRECT 04 --. FIGURE 9 l i 10 METER OCTOBER 82 { N NNE NW E ENE W 0]LJ \\\ \ y #g i
"; e E
j SE sw w SE S DAVIS-BESSE SITE MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION
! M ~ """
FIGURE 10 t wwoomEcra , I 10 METER NOVEMBER 82 N NNW NE NW WNW W Ibl \
\\ w \ ~ -
,&eu 7 l
ESE SW SE S DAVIS-BESSE SITE MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION Wmo.Sgo_ _ FIGURE 11 ' Wmo omEcr ,,, 10 METER DECEMBER 82 N NNW NE NW f ENE I ' l h/ s / a Okh pq m' y y z SE SS - S MONTHLY D D STR BUTION
~
'"'N~
FIGURE 12 WINO DIRECTG - 75 meter JANUARY 82 i NNW NNE
"* e
*** ens f -
\
W - - gaggAmgjpg
\
\
Ess l sw . se ss ss S MONTHLY D D STR BUTION
$ WIND-SPEED mph FIGURE 13
-- 4 75 meter FEBRUARY 82 i
NNW NNE NW
\
yj,y I
'Q '
s\ ,
.N.
w , ___ a ,u \ l y@ f '~*U )
, Q f
s SW 1 se S S' SE l , MONT HLY D D STRIBUTION WINO-SPEED mph FIGURE 14
, , _47_
l l 75 meter MARCH 82 i NNW NNE e y ; ,.\hk l gy:~myg SW SE SS SE S MONTHLY D D STR BUTION WIND-SPEED mph FIGURE 15 WIND DIRECTION /o 48-
l 75 meter APRIL 82 l i NNW NNE NW W LL.i \ Y\ \
,yy y pJ p ,,
SE SE S MONTHLY D D STR BUTION WIND-SPEED mph FIGURE 16 ,
'"'ff!
75 meter MAY 82 i NNW NE w E WNW ! s hb g g y/da
*** \
g A' h)k\g ESE SW E SS SE S MONTHLY D D STR BdTION WIND-SPEED mph pygggg 17 75 meter JUNE 82 l NNW NE NW
\ ENE W
gg 7
,o jpy ,
'Nsw _
SE S MONTHLY ND D STR BUTION wtNO-SPEED mph FIGURE 18 WIND OIRECTIC /o 75 meter JULY 82 N NNW . NNe NW WNW ENE [hh/nss NO
~
\ ,! l
% / '*
sw a ss se i MONTHLY D D STR BUTION
, WIND-SPEED mph FIGURE 19 75 meter AUGUST 82 NNW NNE W \ '
~"
fg {Q = O g /) [
\ ESE
//
s l
\
ss sE l i MONTHLY D D STR BUTION wtNO-SPEED mon FIGURE 20
,[ . l
'75 meter SEPTEMBER 82 I
l N NNE NW
\,
WNW W ll J> > \\ \\\ \ g g n r ~z p/p yt. s sW 5E
~
se l MONTHLY D D STRIBUTION WIND-SPEED mon FIGURE 21
'"'5bS, v _5g_
75 meter OCTOBER 82 l l NNW NE l I E l N'N \,N w - E . n\ b ggggp ~90 gg-i
/ ase
'\
'N se S
l l DAVIS-BESSE SITE MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION I WIND-SPEED mon FIGURE 22
! l
I 75 meter NOVEMBER 82 NNW NNE NW E W bh 'o ' 3gq~,ypg!
\
sw ,
. /
l 8 MONTHLY ND D STR BUTION WINO-SPEED mph FIGURE 23 WIND DIRECTION /o
75 meter DECEMBER 82 W - I
\
\
't
'N N ,
ss ! se S l 1 MONTHLY ND D STRIBUTION WIND-SPEED mph FIGURE 24 100 meter JANUARY 82 ( NNW yyy
. NW W bL ti .
{tyd"y9y SW I s.
- _ S..... _
E'^3o"o'IE=""="
-.=.-
100 meter FEBRUARY 82 N NNW . NE NW WNW ,
'\ ENE
\\
W -- gggy 'p 9[ s Ese
\
S* a ss se S l DAVIS-BESSE SITE MONTHLY WIND DISTRIBUTION l , ,,, g , FIGURE 26 WIND Olh,Eg7 Og/o 100 meter MARCH 82 NNW . NNE
\ ENE A/bk gpy G ,A wg q ...
sw e SS SE S wmo-spEEo-m,n 100 meter APRIL 82 i NNW NNE N
]hY?ikrd$hbb g pwgg 8# SE SE
)
DAVIS-BESSE SITE
' wino-spEro msa WIND OIRECT ON-%
100 meter MAY 82 i NNW NW
' N W II. ,,s\\ \
9 7 s 6 wngj / SE WINO-SPE ED- mon WINO DIR % 100 meter JUNE 82 NNW NNE .ag m% MNfe8C dsdd ;
$Wyff.
SE ss se S MONTHLY D D STR BUTION
"*'".':::4l 100 meter JULY 82 NNW NNE Nw WNW / '
\
, Y$$$ll$at: $@
g gy y ,mgjpp
?
l == ,, 8 N: ND-SPE,0 mon 100 meter AUGUST 82 l NNW NN. Nw _
'N x
/[ '
\
Ns\.N. Y! Ill0; hhYh jg{yp?f"%gg 1
'N
" "* 8' " '" "
jomo_.m.o .. l-- . 100 meter SEPTEMBER 82 NNW NNE
- NW ggsy ;yy W '
!ID
ESE j SW SE SS SE WIND-SPEED mph WIND DIR /o 100 meter OCTOBER 82 N NNW k
- ({b)bh 3 ['Q.
$9 Anf$h gQ5?'"?WQpf.
4 -
,ip se
** se S
j UN i wiuo_spe so _m,, FIGURE 34
; ..o o,,,4
100 meter NOVEMBER 82 l t NNw ye NW
. t
*"* s N.
I k $ f// hadm hh
!g\gg\gy
** e '
wpgg g ... N ' WIND DIRECTIONdo
=g=-
100 meter DECEMBER 82 unw - y,,
'N .
N 7 N W 1-ty;5% m I sw ., ss , S MONTHLY $ ;< D STR BUTION l FIGURE 36
*'" ^ O'8 Efj,*
I PRECIPITATION STUDY OF DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION UNIT 1 4 BY MATT LEWCZYNSKI JULY 1982
( TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE
SUMMARY
1 APPENDIX A: DAVIS-BESSE PRECIPITATION WINDROSES
- 1. April 1981 A-1
- 2. May 1981 A-2
, 3. June 1981 A-3
- 4. July 1981 A-4
- 5. August 1981 A-5
- 6. September 1981 A-6
- 7. October 1981 A-7
- 8. November 1981 A-8 i
- 9. December 1981 A-9 f' 10. ' January 1982 A-10
- 11. February 1982 A-ll
- 12. March 1982 A-12 1
APPENDIX B: TABLES ~ Hourly Records by Month
- 1. April 1981 B-1
- 2. May 1981 B-2
- 3. June 1981 B-4
- 4. July 1981 B-7
- 5. August 1981 B-10
- 6. September 1981 B-12
- 7. October 1981 B-15
- 8. November 1981 B-19
- 9. December 1981 B-21
- 10. Jaruary 1982 B-24
- 11. Fe')ruary 1982 B-28
- 12. Match 1982 B-30 Total Daily Data by Month (Using Available Data)
- 13. April 1981 B-34
- 14. May 1981 B-36
- 15. June 1981 B-38
- 16. July 1981 B-40
- 17. August 1981 B-42
- 18. September 1981 B-44
- 19. October 1981 B-46
- 20. November 1981 B-48
- 21. December 1981 B-50 l
- 22. January 1982 B-52
- 23. February 1982 B-54
- 24. March 1982 B-56 ii
l Monthly Directional Precipitation Analysis
- 25. April 1981 B-58
- 26. May 1981 B-59
- 27. June 1981 B-60
- 28. July 1981 B-61
- 29. August 1981 B-62
- 30. September 1981 B-63
- 31. October 1981 B-64
- 32. November 1981 B-65
- 33. December 1981 B-66
- 34. January 1982 B-67
- 35. February 1982 B-68
- 36. March 1982 B-69
- 37. Summer Directional Precipitation Analysis B-70 l
- 38. Fall Directional Precipitation Analysis B-71
- 39. Winter Directional Precipitation Analysis B-72
- 40. Spril Directional Precipitation Analysis B-73
- 41. Dominant Rates of Precipitation B-74 l
l Water-Land Relationship
- 42. Summer B-75
- 43. Fall B-76
- 44. Winter B-77
- 45. Spring B-78
- 46. Dominant Wind Directions B-79 iii l --
( PRECIPITATION STUDY April 1981 - March 1982 DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION
SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between amount, duration and rate of precipitation, and wind direction at the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Station. The meteorological data used in this study were taken from the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system and the precipitation recorder at the Crane Creek Wildlife Refuge. . Data from Crane Creek were used only when Davis-Besse data were unavailable. The Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system consists of two towers - a 100m freestanding tower and a 10m satellite tower, and recording equipment in a shelter at the base of the 100m tower. Wind speed and direction data used in this report were taken from a sensor on the 10m level of the satellite tower, and the rainfall was measured at im near the base of that tower. Using this information, a precipitation wind rose for each month was developed. From this study it was found that (1) in summer 64% of the time precipitation fell when the wind was blowing from the land toward the lake, (ii) in the fall 56% of the time the precipitation fell when the wind was blowing from the lake to the land, (iii) in winter and in spring, the percent of time precipitation fell during off-shore flows and on-shore flows was roughly equal. During the time periods over the course of the year that pre-cipitation was actually falling, the rate was 0.06 inches per hour. APPENDIX A DAVIS-BESSE PRECIPITATION WINDR0SES 1
,- g
FIGURE 1 360* N O* 315 - - 45*
/ \'s7.5" s
dhc a D$ I 180* SN$$,?l, ?$,".?o?$ ""
-,,1==.
APRIL 1981
FIGURE 2 380* N O* I
/
,/ .
/
l 2ezsj/g K \7.
% Ifh S\
p y":Q:;[ '
#j b (,
135*
22$* 202.5 157.5 180*
~
--d((((r,,,d,2,"."[""'"
PREC E M DON CSE MAY 1981 A-2 l
I FIGURE 3 I 360* N O* 202.5 157.5* 180 a-na ,Y: $,$?;.?l'**"~' i DAVtS-BESSE PRECIPITATION WINOROSE JUNE 1981 A-3
FIGURE 4
- }
l g. J#g& h?IW%:
+, ,,
b , s, y (f
- a 180
l$ $$$ ?a?$
_.,,= =L. JULY 1981 A-4 ,
. FIGURE 5 l
380* N O* 337 - 22.5* z e./- - s\% 0 k, ,: ,$
, /
g'Ag 20$.5 157.5 180
-n::, ~ ::::*~"~' ' ~
_rn.
~
AUGUST 1981 A-5 I
FIGURE 6 360* N O* 337.5* 2.5* 45* k315 r s k, f[/ ,_ s' I-k i I12.5* N-202.5* 157.5 180*
- .$,I((dbIo". o
-.,,:: L.
SEPTEMBER 1981
FIGURE 7
+ !
380* N O* E l \ , 2 247.5*g\ i s
/ }, 13 5*
202.5* -- 157.5 180
- ?$,?$ ? ,$$~
-. ,r"L..
OCT.OBER 1981 A-7
FIGbH 8 360* N O*
"l \,
S*'/ pp [ g \ 67.5* ll lll . I \ Y ,\\ m n g{gpy(r.
% ' l'{gj' '
202.5 157.5* 1
' ~
~:::::::"_~.'".~~~ "'
.._==_
NOVEMBER 1981 I
FIGURE 9 h l t 337.5* 2.5* 315* . 45*
^
/ / I
,I
? -
f?I'0
,i I i .
I( ;\ '
"1~ll, j
~.
) '
J f\ 247.d
)}}}) , tsa 2.5*
se 22 o 135 N ' 202.5 157.5 1
~
- ' .,... ~
_1= =L,.1 i DECEMBER 1981
FIGURE 10 360* N O* I 337.5* .5* 45* 315/- .
/ \ ,% 67.5"
- y. , !// E i
202.5 - 157.5* l 180 i
'""""4 Pr oa 0.@
PREC1PITAT VI O CSE JANUARY 1982 1
l FIGURE 11 l I ; 380* N O* 3 2.5*
..\ ,
3 45'
- x 67.5" g, [ _
1 ,, i } ili E O 202.5 57.5 180*
"""""%=. i .an.io.wm PREC1PtMUCN OROSE FEBRUARY 1982 A-11 I
1 FIGURE 12 1 380* N O' 337.5* 2.5* 315 / . 45* 292.5 67.5' l! , l ji f f p
// , -
,y 24 .5*
# [2.5*
\\'x .
s" e pf / / 1 5* 225o 202.5 157.5* 1 Wind Orectionl%I O 50
'####4 Proc @itation lin hundretthal 0-100 PRECIPITATION RCSE MARCH 1982 A-12 t
a + - m. -A R,.E ..AA 0A--N
- -- - -- --i. ~-- - 4 -, - m a.- m 1a--
4 l APPENDIX B TABLES I
l l l i i TABLE 1 MONTH - APRIL, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 01 13 0.1 241 WSW L-W 01 19 0.1 279 W L-W 03 16 0.1 210 SSW L-W 09 05 0.2 240 WSW L-W 11 19 0.4 135 SE L-L 11 24 0.2 202 SSW L-W 13 16 0.1 124 ESE L-L 13 18 0.1 67 ENE W-L 14 03 0.3 197 SSW L-W 14 05 0.2 200 ESE L-W 22 11 0.2 102 ESE W-L 22 19 0.1 140 SE L-L 28 13 0.6 119 ESE W-L 28 18 0.4 2 N W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
( B-1
TABLE 2 MONTH - MAY, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 05 21 0.1 312 NW L-L 12
- 0.02 - -
14
- 0.48 - -
15
- 0.18 - -
16
- 0.01 - -
20 10 0.1 23 NNE W-L 22 07 0.1 230 SW L-W 22 08 0.3 240 WSW L-W 24 21 0.01 247 WSW L-W 25 07 0.01 201 SSW L-W 27 04 0.01 191 SSW L-W 27 05 0.02 268 W L-W 27 06 0.03 300 WNW L-L 27 07 0.01 311 NW L-L 27 08 0.01 324 NW L-L 27 09 0.02 351 N W-L 27 10 0.04 352 N W-L 27 11 0.03 353 N W-L 27 18 0.01 315 NW L-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
- Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-2
i TM2 2 MONTH - MAY, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL
.THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, IJLND**
DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 28 01 0.04 286 WNW L-W 28 02 0.04 286 WNW L-W 28 03 0.05 290 WNW L-W 28
- 0.02 - - -
30 05 0.02 198 SSW L-W 30 06 0.01 156 SSE L-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
e i . B-3 i I _. _ . _ . _ _ ._. _ _ . _
TABLE 3 MONTH - JUNE, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, IAND** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 03 20 0.01 229 SW L-W 03 21 0.06 227 SW L-W 05 08 0.10 190 S L-W 05 15 0.01 232 SW L-W 05 16 0.03 198 SSW L-W 05 19 0.01 208 SSW L-W 08 18 0.18 227 SW L-W 08 19 0.01 179 S L-W 08 20 0.03 202 SSW L-W 08 21 0.24 195 SSW L-W l 08 22 0.12 215 SW L-W 08 23 0.61 297 kW L-L 08 24 0.22 296 kW L-L 09 01 0.14 250 WSW L-W 09 17 0.02 245 WSW L-W 09 19 0.01 255 WSW L-W 09 21 0.02 237 WSW L-W 09 22 0.01 219 SW L-W 09 23 0.02 214 SW L-W
- 0nly the total daily dat are known for these days unless some specific
,bours have been documented. ** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-4
I TABLE 3 MONTH - JUNE, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 13 08 0.06 111 ESE W-L 13 09 0.08 32 NFE W-L 13 10 0.13 56 ENE W-L 13 11 0.14 66 ENE W-L 13 12 0.10 114 ESE L-L 13 13 0.22 153 SSE L-L 13 14 0.09 157 SSE L-L 13 15 0.03 166 SSE L-W 13 16 0.08 182 S L-W 13 17 0.01 195 SSW L-W 13 18 0.01 183 S L-W 13 23 0.01 201 SSW L-V 14 07 0.01 218 SW L-W 14 08 0.01 218 SW L-W 14 09 0.04 217 SW L-W 16 14 0.02 248 WSW L-W 19 07 0.16 214 SW L-W 20 24 0.01 146 SE L-L 21 01 0.04 132 SE L-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific
! hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-5
TABLE 3 MONTH - JUNE, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS 4 (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 22 01 0.01 205 SSW L-W 22 02 0.03 200 SSW L-W 22 03 0.36 214 SW L-W 22 04 0.97 308 NW L-L 22 05 0.01 198 SSW L-W 24 07 0.15 161 SSE L-W 25
- 0.61 - -
30 23 0.01 9 N W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-6
( TABLE 4 M0FIE - JULY, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 01 07 0.03 6 N W-L 04 15 0.01 330 NNW L-L 04 21 0.01 186 S L-W 09 17 0.42 272 W L-W 09 18 0.01 117 ESE L-L 09 19 0.06 340 NNW W-L
'- 09 20 0.21 322 NW L-L 15 08 0.04 77 ENE W-L 17 07 0.02 224 SW L-W 19 15 0.01 205 SSW L-W 19 16 0.01 177 S L-W 20 04 0.03 200 SSW L-W 20 05 0.01 '194 SSW L-W 20 06 0.01 209 SSW L-W 20 07 0.12 202 SSW L-W 20 09 0.06 206 SSW L-W 20 11 0.03 198 SSW L-W 20 12 0.04 219 SW L-W 20 14 0.01 269 W L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or lcnd to land (L-L).
B-7
TABLE 4 MONTH - JULY, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 20 16 0.33 296 kW L-L 20 17 0.02 292 kW L-W 21 01 0.13 211 SSW L-W 21 16 0.38 25 ENE W-L 21 17 0.01 114 ESE L-L 21 18 0.36 45 NE W-L 22 08 0.04 33 NNE W-L 24 08 0.05 153 SSE L-L 26 03 0.35 263 W L-W 26 04 0.12 125 SE L-L 26 05 0.01 54 NE W-L 26 06 0.12 134 SE L-L 26 07 0.01 204 SSW L-W 27 08 0.33 57 ENE W-L i 28 03 0.40 1't SE L-L l I L-W 28 09 0.01 it? SSW' 28 13 0.02 237 WSW L-W 28 14 0.02 247 WSW L-W 28 17 0.02 289 kW L-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-8
i TABLE 4 MONTH - JULY, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 29 08 0.20 348 NNW W-L 31 08 0.37 109 ESE W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
1 I B-9
TABLE 5 . MONTH - AUGUST, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP I 03 07 0.04 174 S L-W 03 09 0.07 258 WSW L-W 03 10 0.02 334 NNW L-L 03 13 0.02 143 SE L-L 08 15 0.04 275 W L-W 08 16 0.05 263 W L-W 09 21 0.09 171 S L-W 09 22 0.01 167 SSE L-W 10 23 0.07 189 S L-W 11 04 0.15 285 WNW L-W 11 05 0.14 257 WSW L-W 11 06 0.01 203 SSW L-W 28 02 0.06 191 SSW L-W 29 05 0.01 178 S L-W 29 06 0.04 192 SSW L-W 29 11 0.01 190 S L-W 29 13 0.28 197 SSW L-W i 29 14 0.27 354 N W-L 29 15 0.11 10 N L-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-10
i ( TME S MONTH - AUGUST, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 29 16 0.04 152 SSE L-L 29 17 0.11 30 NNE W-L 29 18 0.01 146 SE L-L 29 24 0.01 196 SSW L-W 31 04 0.02 194 SSW L-W 31 08 0.05 218 SW L-W 31 09 0.07 219 SW L-W t 31 10 0.02 210 SSW L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
i j . B-11 l
TABLE 6 MONTH - SEPTEMBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 02 08 0.32 230 SW L-W 02 14 0.12 44 SW W-L 02 15 0.38 38 NE W-L 02 16 0.01 45 NE W-L 02 17 0.03 57 ENE W-L 02 18 0.07 63 ENE W-L 03 19 0.03 75 ENE W-L 03 20 0.04 74 ENE W-L 03 21 0.01 116 ESE L-L 04 03 0.01 259 W L-L 04 13 0.11 255 WSW L-L 04 14 0.05 260 W L-W 04 15 0.01 261 W L-W 17 20 0.03 11 N W-L 17 22 0.02 17 NNE W-L 17 23 0.01 10 N W-L 17 24 0.01 22 NNE W-L 18 06 0.01 14 NNE W-L 18 08 0.01 14 NNE W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
- Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-12
( TABLE 6 MONTH - SEPTEMBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, IAND** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 18 09 0.07 17 NNE W-L 18 10 0.03 26 NNE W-L 18 11 0.01 14 NNE W-L 18 12 0.01 14 NNE W-L 18 13 0.12 9 N W-L 18 14 0.20 21 NNE W-L 18 15 0.01 21 NNE W-L 18 16 0.01 25 NNE W-L 19 03 0.01 229 SW L-W 21 09 0.02 107 ESE W-L 21 23 0.01 40 NE W-L 21 24 0.11 36 NE W-L 22 01 0.03 42 NE W-L 22 03 0.01 28 NNE W-L 23 07 0.02 1 N W-L 25 07 0.02 200 SSW L-W 26 19 0.05 209 SSW L-W 27 01 0.01 237 WSW L-W 27 02 0.13 243 WSW L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-13
TABLE 6 MONTH - SEPTEMBER, 1961 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 27 03 0.03 236 SW L-W 27 06 0.01 263 W L-W 30 05 0.03 154 SSE L-L 30 06 0.17 134 SE L-L 30 07 0.15 118 ESE L-L 30 08 0.12 124 SE L-L 30 09 0.04 130 SE L-L 30 10 0.01 119 ESE L-L 30 14 0.07 118 ESE L-L 30 15 0.13 111 ESE W-L 30 17 0.01 80 E W-L 30 22 0.01 54 NE W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
- Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
I 1 B-14
I TABLE 7 MONTH - OCTOBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 01 09 0.03 236 SW L-W 05 24 0.03 134 SE L-L i 06 01 0.29 155 SSE L-L 06 02 0.03 168 SSE L-W 06 06 0.01 209 SSW L-W 06 23 0.02 297 WNW L-L 4 18 01 0.19 193 SSW L-W 18 02 0.08 192 SSW L-W 18 03 0.09 206 SSW L-W 18 04 0.18 204 SSW L-W 18 05 0.20 232 SW L-W 18 06 0.05 244 WSW
- L-W 18 11 0.02 233 SW L-W 18 14 0.03 242 WSW L-W 18 15 0.04 239 WSW L-W 18 16 0.05 254 WSW L-W 18 18 0.02 280 W L-W 18 19 0.01 258 WSW L-W 19 07 0.01 280 W L-W
- Only t'he total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-15
TABLE 7 MONTH - OCTOBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP-19 09 0.03 287 WNW L-W 21 08 0.03 51 NE W-L 21 12 0.01 41 NE W-L 22 06 0.01 40 NE W-L 22 09 0.12 30 NNE W-L 22 10 0.06 30 NNE W-L 22 11 0.04 55 NE W-L , 22 12 0.06 56 NE W-L 22 13 0.06 75 ENE W-L 22 14 0.13 81 E W-L 22 15 0.09 36 NE W-L 22 16 0.06 68 ENE W-L 22 17 0.07 8 N W-L 22 18 0.05 333 NNW L-L 22 19 0.05 338 NNW W-L 22 20 0.02 345 NNW W-L 22 21 0.01 334 NNW W-L 23 09 0.01 233 SW L-W 25 24 0.01 26 NNE W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-16
TABLE 7 MONTH - OCTOBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 26 01 0.03 30 NNE W-L 26 02 0.03 58 ENE W-L 26 03 0.01 61 ENE W-L 26 04 0.03 58 ENE W-L 26 05 0.02 88 E W-L 26 21 0.01 58 ENE W-L 26 22 0.02 69 ENE W-L 27 02 0.01 68 ENE W-L 27 03 0.01 55 NE W-L 27 04 0.20 45 NE W-L 27 05 0.14 36 NE W-L 27 06 0.02 31 NNE W-L 27 07 0.10 24 NNE W-L 27 08 0.10 359 N W-L 27 09 0.02 5 N W-L 27 10 0.02 17 NNE W-L 27 12 0.03 20 NNE W-L 27 13 0.07 10 N W-L 27 14 0.06 338 NNW W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific
( hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-17
TABLE 7 MONTH - OCTOBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 27 16 0.03 346 NNW W-L 27 19 0.02 331 NNW L-L 27 20 0.04 329 NNW L-L 27 21 0.11 325 NW L-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
fdIndicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L). 1 B-18
! TABLE 8 MONTH - NOVEMBER, 1981 l HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAhF
- DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 05 05 0.06 195 SSW L-W 05 06 0.01 187 S L-W 06 01 0.01 230 SW L-W 06 02 0.03 229 SW L-W 06 03 0.01 268 W L-W 09 09 0.06 14 NNE W-L 19 07 0.01 100 E W-L 19 11 0.02 119 ESE L-L 19 12 0.03 125 SE L-L 19 13 0.03 101 E W-L 19 14 0.01 103 ESE W-L 19 20 6.13 75 ENE W-L 19 21 0.02 79 E W-L 19 22 0.09 67 ENE W-L 19 23 0.09 80 E W-L 19 24 0.26 91 E W-L 20 01 0.04 94 E W-L 20 02 0.02 169 S L-W 20 06 0.04 213 SSW L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific I hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-19
TABLE 8 MONTH - NOVEMBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 20 07 0.07 206 SSW L-W 20 08 0.03 220 SW L-W 20 10 0.01 236 SW L-W 26 20 0.03 192 SSW L-W 26 21 0.02 193 SSW L-W 26 23 0.03 226 SW L-W 26 24 0.02 241 WSW L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-20
TABLE 9 MONTH - DECEMBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS I INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** D3Y HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP
; 01 18 0.01 183 S L-W 01 19 0.06 227 SW L-W 02 08 0.05 232 SW L-W 04 03 0.02 121 ESE L-L 04 04 0.01 113 ESE L-L 04 06 0.03 103 ESE W-L 04 07 0.02 94 E W-L 04 08 0.06 90 E W-L 04 11 0.02 25 NNE W-L 04 12 0,02 20 NNE W-L 04 13 0.03 16 NNE W-L 04 15 0.01 5 N W-L 04 21 0.01 352 N W-L 07 18 0.01 250 WSW L-W 07 19 0.01 206 SSW L-W 07 20 0.02 227 SW L-W d
07 21 0.01 248 WSW L-W 4 08 04 0.01 304 NW L-L 19 01 0.01 24 NNE W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-21
TABLE 9 MONTH - DECEMBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS * (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 21 21 0.01 190 S L-W 21 23 0.01 186 S L-W 22 01 0.03 193 SSW L-W 22 02 0.02 200 SSW L-W 22 19 0.02 195 SSW L-W 22 19 0.02 61 ENE W-L 22 20 0.11 66 ENE W-L 22 21 0.10 77 ENE W-L 22 22 0.12 69 ENE W-L 22 23 0.12 47 NE W-L 22 24 0.19 32 NNE W-L 23 01 0.12 22 NNE W-L 23 02 0.05 18 NNE W-L 23 03 0.02 344 N W-L 23 01 0.01 321 NW L-L 27 08 0.04 148 SSE L-L 27 09 0.10 164 SSE L-W 27 10 0.13 187 S L-W 27 11 0.15 217 SW L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
- Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-22 l
t TABLE 9 MONTH - DECEMBER, 1981 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 27 12 0.16 250 WSW L-W 27 13 0.17 257 WSW L-W 28 15 0.02 25 NNE W-L 28 16 0.03 21 NNE W-L 28 20 0.01 331 NNE L-L 31 17 0.02 169 S L-W 31 18 0.01 165 SSE L-W 31 23 0.01 204 SSW L-W'
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
I l l B-23 l
TABLE 10 MONTH - JANUARY, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, IAND** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 03 01 0.06 141 SE L-L 03 02 0.01 155 SSE L-L 03 03 0.03 182 S L-W 03 23 0.04 81 E W-L 03 24 0.13 89 E W-L 04 01 0.09 92 E W-L 04 02 0.02 89 E W-L 04 06 0.01 161 SSE L-W 04 08 0.08 206 SSW L-W 04 09 0.01 229 SW L-W 04 11 0.01 228 SW L-W 06 16 0.01 18 NNE W-L 06 17 0.07 15 NNE W-L 06 18 0.05 38 NE W-L 06 19 0.01 37 NE W-L 06 20 0.05 15 NNE W-L 06 22 0.01 349 N W-L 12 24 0.01 142 SE L-L 13 07 0.01 129 SE L-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-24
m O TABLE 10 MONTH - JANUARY, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 13 08 0.01 112 ESE L-L 13 09 0.01 106 ESE W-L 13 10 0.01 120 ESE L-L 13 12 0.01 338 NNW W-L 22 22 0.01 94 E W-L 22 23 0.07 104 ESE W-L 22 24 0.10 116 ESE L-L 23 01 0.21 141 SE L-L 23 02 0.07 158 SSE L-W 23 03 0.05 173 S L-W 23 04 0.05 191 S L-W 23 11 0.08 237 WSW L-W 23 12 0.22 239 WSW L-W 23 13 0.05 243 WSW L-W 23 14 0.03 242 WSW L-W 23 15 0.04 242 WSW L-W 23 16 0.09 240 WSW L-W 23 17 0.03 244 WSW L-W 23 18 0.09 245 WSW L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-25
TABLE 10 MONTH - JANUARY, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION. WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 23 19 0.09 247 WSW L-W 23 20 0.02 256 WSW L-W 23 23 0.02 256 WSW L-W 23 24 0.05 252 WSW L-W 24 01 0.04 256 WSW L-W 24 02 0.01 254 WSW L-W 25 10 0.02 191 S L-W 25 11 0.01 174 S L-W 25 13 0.01 53 NE W-L 27 09 0.03 172 S L-W 29 08 0.03 197 SSW L-V 29 24 0.02 163 SSE L-W 30 01 0.01 168 SSE L-W 30 02 0.02 182 S L-W 30 03 0.06 235 SW L-W 30 04 0.05 221 SW, L-W 30 05 0.08 194 SSW L-W 30 06 0.09 190 S L-W 30 07 0.10 173 S L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unle-s some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-26
--w -
I J i TABLE 10 MONTH - JANUARY, 1982 I HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 30 08 0.18 227 SW L-W 30 09 0.04 32 NNE W-L 30 10 0.03 18 NNE W-L 30 11 0.03 229 SW L-W 30 12 0.03 207 SSW L-W 30 13 0.02 237 WSW L-W 30 17 0.01 266 W L-W 30 20 0.01 316 NW L-L 31 10 0.01 53 NE W-L 31 12 0.01 47 NE W-L 31 13 0.02 49 NE W-L 31 14 0.01 49 NE W-L 31 15 0.01 53 NE W-L 31 16 0.01 55 NE W-L 31 19 0.13 43 NE WL 31 20 0.04 359 N W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
+ B-27
TABLE 11 MONTH - FEBRUARY, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, IANI?" DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 01 09 0.09 261 W L-W 03 08 0.01 29 NNE W-L , 03 09 0.01 40 NE W-L 03 10 0.01 42 NE W-L 03 12 0.04 10 N W-L 03 13 0.03 11 N W-L l 03 14 0.01 9 N W-L 03 15 0.01 73 ENE W-L I 03 16 0.01 350 N W-L 03 19 0.01 355 N W-L 05 07 0.05 29 NNE W-L 05 17 0.01 86 E W-L 05 18 0.09 60 ENE W-L 05 19 0.03 36 NE W-L 05 20 0.01 318 NW L-L 08 24 0.02 16 NNE W-L 09 01 0.03 18 NNE W-L 09 02 0.03 8 N W-L 09 03 0.02 1 N W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-28
TABLE 11 MONTH - FEBRUARY, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTLNUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 09 04 0.03 335 NNW L-L 09 05 0.01 349 N W-L 09 06 0.02 348 NNW W-L 17 12 0.02 62 ENE W-L 18 11 0.01 98 E W-L 18 19 0.03 292 SSW L-W 18 20 0.02 210 SSW L-W 18 21 0.01 229 . SW L-W 18 22 0.02 235 SW L-W 19 05 0.01 281 W L-W 21 12 0.01 302 WNW L-L 24 02 0.02 63 ENE W-L 24 03 0.02 55 NE W-L 24 04 0.02 61 ENE W-L 24 05 0.02 64 ENE W-L
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
( l B-29 L
TABLE 12 MONTH - MARCH, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, I M
- DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 02 07 0.04 306 NW L-L 02 08 0.12 320 NW L-L 02 09 0.07 222 SSW L-W 02 10 0.03 168 SSE L-W 02 11 0.03 27 NNE W-L 02 12 0.03 15 hw W-L 02 16 0.01 35 NE W-L
)
02 17 0.01 37 NE W-L 04 06 0.02 84 E W-L 04 07 0.06 81 E W-L 04 08 0.04 84 E W-L l W-L l 04 09 0.04 94 E 04 10 0.15 9$ E W-L 04 11 0.13 104 ESE W-L 04 12 0.08 107 ESE W-L 04 13 0.10 115 ESE L-L 04 14 0.02 159 SSE L-W 04 15 0.02 195 SSW L-W 04 16 0.03 196 SSW L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-30
i TABLE 12 MONTH - MARCH, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 08 22 0.01 162 SSE L-W 08 24 0.01 172 S L-W 09 02 0.01 208 SSW L-W 11 09 0.10 192 SSW L-W 11 10 0.04 185 S L-W 11 11 0.01 180 S L-W , 11 13 0.02 201 SSW L-W 12 20 0.08 112 ESE W-L 12 21 0.02 110 ESE W-L 13 02 0.01 186 S L-W 13 04 0.18 196 SSW L-W 13 05 0.02 215 SW L-U 16 08 0.13 113 ESE L-L 16 09 0.11 123 ESE L-L 16 10 0.10 118 ESE L-L 16 12 0.02 139 SE L-L 16 18 0.01 157 SSE L-L 19 23 0.01 56 NE W-L 19 24 0.03 61 ENE W-L f-
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-31
TABLE 12 MONTH - MARCH, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN h0UR (IN DEGREES) @ 1ECTION RELATIONSHIP 20 01 0.07 68 ENE W-L 20 02 0.01 72 ENE W-L 20 03 0.05 69 ENE W-L 20 04 0.04 48 NE W-L 20 05 0.02 58 ENE W-L 20 08 0.01 79 E W-L 25 10 0.01 350 N W-L 4 25 11 0.01 17 NNE W-L 25 12 0.03 13 NNE W-L 25 13 0.05 11 N W-L 25 14 0.07 7 N W-L 25 15 0.03 338 NNW W-L 25 16 0.05 321 NW L-L 25 17 0.01 330 NNW L-L 25 18 0.02 319 NW L-L 25 19 0.01 310 NW L-L 30 20 0.01 189 S L-W 30 21 0.01 195 SSW L-W 30 22 0.20 242 WSW L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
B-32
l l l 4 TABLE 12 MONTH - MARCH, 1982 HOURLY RECORDS (CONTINUED) INCHES 10 M WIND GENERAL THAT FELL DIRECTION WIND WATER, LAND ** DAY HOUR IN HOUR (IN DEGREES) DIRECTION RELATIONSHIP 30 23 0.16 237 WSW L-W 31 08 0.01 188 S L-W
- Only the total daily data are known for these days unless some specific hours have been documented.
** Indicates if wind was blowing from land to water (L-W), water to land (W-L), or land to land (L-L).
1 B-33
TABLE 13 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) APRIL, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0.2 2 -
0.2 02 0 0 - 0 03 0.1 1 - 0.1 04 0 0 - 0 05 0 0 - 0 06 0 0 - 0 07 0 0 - 0 i 08 0 0 - 0 09 0.2 1 - 0.2 10 0 0 - 0 11 0.6 2 - 0.6 12 0 0 - 0 13 0.2 2 - 0.2 14 0.5 2 - 0.5 15 0 0 - 0 16 - - 0.5 0.5 17 No Data 18 No Data 19 No Data 20 No Data
*Dsta were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-34
TABLE 13 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA)
-APRIL, 1981 (CONTINUED)
INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION
- PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF j DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0 0 -
0 22 0.3 2 -
, 0.3 23 0 0 -
0
- 24 0 0 -
0 25 0 0 - 0 26 0 0 - 0 27 0 0 - 0 18 1.0 2 - 1.0 f 29 0 0 - 0 30 0 0 - 0
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological conitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
i i f f I l k' l B-35 l . _ _
d TABLE 14 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) MAY, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0 0 - 0 02 0 0 -
0 03 0 0 - 0 04 0 0 - 0 05 0.1 1 - 0.1 06 0 0 - 0 07 No Data - 08 0 0 - 0 09 No Data - 10 No Data - 11 No Data - 12 - - 0.02 0.02 13 0 0 - 0 14 - - 0.48 0.48 15 - - 0.18 0.18 16 - - 0.01 0.01 17 0 0 - 0 18 0 0 - 0 19 0 0 - 0 20 0.1 1 0.1 1
*D:ta were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown. I B-36
e TABLE 14 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) MAY, 1981 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0 0 - 0 22 0.4 2 -
0.4 23 0 0 - 0 24 0.01 1 - 0.01 25 0.03 2 - 0.03 26 0 0 - 0 27 0.18 9 - 0.18 8 0.13 3 0.02 0.15 29 0 0 - 0 30 0.03 2 - 0.03 31 0 0 - 0 CData were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown. j B-37
TABIE 15 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABII DATA) JUNE, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAT USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0 0 -
0 02 0 0 - 0 03 0.07 2 - 0.07 04 0 0 - 0 05 0.15 3 - 0.15 05 0 0 - 0 07 0 0 - 0 08 1,41 7 - 1.41 ; 09 0 0 - 0 10 0 0 - 0 11 0 0 - 0 12 0 0 - 0 13 0.96 12 - 0.96 14 0.06 3 - 0.06 15 0 0 - 0 16 0.02 1 - 0.02 , 17 0 0 - 0 l 18 0 0 - 0 l 19 0.16 1 - 0.16 20 0.01 1 - 0.01 21 0.04 1 - 0.04
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-38
TABLE 15 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) JUNE, 1981 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF l DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 22 1.38 5 -
1.38 23 0 0 - 0 24 0.15 1 - 0.15 25 - - 0.61 0.61 26 0 0 - 0 27 0 0 - 0 28 0 0 - 0 29 0 0 - 0 30 0.01 1 - 0.01
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also urinovn.
B-39
TABLE 16 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) JULY, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0.03 1 0.03 02 0 0 - 0 03 0 0 -
0 04 0.02 2 - 0.02 05 0 0 - 0 06 0 0 - 0 07 0 0 - 0-08 0 0 - 0 09 0.70 4 - 0.70 10 No Data - 11 No Data - 12 No Data - 13 0 0 - 0 14 0 0 - 0 15 0.04 1
- 0.04 16 0 0 - 0 17 0.02 1
- 0.02 18 0 0 - 0 19 0.02 2 - 0.02 20 0.66 10 - 0.66
- Dsta were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-40
i TABLE 16 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) JULY, 1981 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0.88 4 -
0.88 22 0.04 1 - 0.04 23 0 0 - 0 24 0.05 1 - 0.05 25 0 0 - 0 26 0.61 4 - 0.61 27 0.31 1 - 0.31 i 28 0.47 4 - 0.47 29 0.20 1 - 0.20 30 0 0 - 0 31 0.37 1 - 0.37
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
l B-41
4 TABLE 17 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) AUGUST, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNUOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRfCIPITATION HOUnsw PRECIPITATION 01 0 0 - 0 02 0 0 - 0 03 0.15 4 - 0.15 OS 0 0 - 0 05 0 0 - 0 06 0 0 - 0 07 0 0 - 0 08 0.09 2 - 0.09 09 0.10 2 - 0.10 10 0.07 1 - 0.07 11 0.30 3 - 0.30 12 0 0 - 0 13 0 0 - 0 14 0 0 - 0 15 0, 0 - 0 16 0 0 - 0 17 0 0 - 0 18 0 0 - 0 19 0 0 - 0 20 0 0 - 0 <
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-42
TABLE 17 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) AUGUST, 1981 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION
. PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0 0 -
0 22 0 0 - 0 23 0 0 - 0 24 0 0 - 0 i 25 0 0 - 0 26 0 0 - 0 27 0 0 - 0 38 0.06 1 - .0,06 29 0.89 10 - 0.89 30 0 0 - 0 31 0.16 4 - 0.16
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
?
I B-43
l I TABLE 18 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) SEPTEMBER, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOUR 3 PRECIPITATION i PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF l DAY USING KN0%iN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 - -
0.43 0.43 02 0.93 5 0.07 1.00 03 0.08 3 - 0.08 04 0.18 4 - 0.18 05 - - 0.02 0.02 06 No Data 07 No Data 08 0 0 - 0 j 09 0 0 - 0 10 0 0 - 0 11 0 0 - 0 12 0 0 - 0 13 0 0 - 0 14 0 0 - 0 15 0 0 - 0 16 0 0 - 0 17 0.07 4 - 0.07 18 0.53 10 - 0.53 19 0.01 1
- 0.01 20 0 0 - 0 *Dsta were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological m:nitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-44
i TABLE 18 TOTAL DAILY DATA (CSING AVAILABLE DATA) SEPTEMBER, 15!31 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PREGPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0.14 3 -
0.14 22 0.04 2 - 0.04 23 0.02 1 - 0.02 24 0 0 - 0 25 0.02 1 - 0.02 26 0.05 1 - 0.05 27 0.18 4 - 0.18 28 0 0 - 0 29 0 0 - 0 30 0.74 10 - 0.74
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological gonitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unkrawn.
l l B-45
TABLE 19 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) OCTOBER, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITAfION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF ' DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0.03 1 - 0.03 02 0 0 -
0 03 0 0 - 0 04 0 0 - 0 05 0.03 1 - 0.03 06 0.35 4 - 0.35 07 0 0 - 0 08 0 0 - 0 09 0 0 - 0 10 0 0 - 0 11 0 0 - 0 12 0 0 - 0 13 0 0 - 0 14 0 0 - 0 15 0 00 - 0 16 0 0 - 0 17 0 0 - 0 18 0.96 12 - 0.96 19 0.04 2 - 0.04 20 0 0 - 0
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-46
t TABLE 19
^
TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) OCTOBER, 1981 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN , -TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0.04 2 -
0.04 22 0.83 14 - 0.83 23 0.01 1 - 0.01 24 0 0 - 0 25 0.01 1 - 0.01 26 0.15 7 - 0.15 27 0.98 16 - 0.98 28 0 0 - 0 , ( 29 0 0 - 0 30 0 0 - 0 31 0 0 - 0
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological ~
monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown. i t i B-47
TABLE 20 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) NOVEMBER, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0 0 -
0 02 0 0 - 0 03 0 0 - 0 04 0 0 - 0 05 0.07 2 - 0.C7 06 0.05 3 - 0.05 i 07 0 0 - 0 08 0 0 - 0 ! 09 0.06 1 - 0.06 I 10 0 0 - 0 11 0 0 - 0 12 0 0 - 0 13 0 0 - 0 14 0 0 - 0. 15 0 0 - 0 16 0 0 - 0 17 0 0 - 0 18 0 0 - 0 19 0.69 10 - 0.69 l 20 0.21 6 - 0.21 t I
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitori1g system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
l B-48
i TABLE 20 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATAJ NOVEMBER, 1981 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 23 0 O O O 24 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 26 0.10 4 0 0.10
- 27. 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
I B-49
TABLE 21 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) DECEMBER, 1981 INCHES OF TOTAL NL*MBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF 0F UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0.07 2 0 0.07 02 0.05 1 0 0.05 03 0 0 0 0 04 0.23 10 0 0.23 05 0 0 0 0 06 0 0 0 0 07 0.05 4 0 0.05 08 0.01 1 0 0.01 09 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 17 No Data 18 0.01 1 0 0.01 19 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-50
( TABLE 21 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) DECEMBER, 1981 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0.02 2 0 0.02 22 0.73 9 0 0.73 23 0.20 4 0 0.20 24 0 0 0 0 25 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 27 0.75 6 0 0.75 8
28 0.06 3 0 0.06 29 0 0 0 0 30 0 0 0 0 31 0.04 3 0 0.04
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological conitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-51
TABLE 22 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) JANUARY, 1982 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS- PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0 0 0 0 02 0 0 0 0 03 0.28 5 0 0.28 04 0.22 6- 0 0.22 05 0.02 1 0 0.02 06 0.20 5 0 0.20 07 0 0 0 0 08 0 0 0 0 09 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 12 0.01 1 0 0.01 13 0.05 5 0 0.05 14 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0 17 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 0 0
*Dsta were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-52
l i TABLE 22 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) JANUARY, 1982 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0 0 0 0 22 0.18 3 0 0.18 23 1.19 16 0 1.19 24 0.05 2 0 0.05 25 0.04 3 0 0.04 26 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0 29 0.05 2 9 0.05 30 0.76 15 0 0.76 31 0.24 8 0 0.24
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknoun.
B-53
TABLE 23 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) FEBRUARY, 1982 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF 0F UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 01 0.09 1 0 0.09 02 0 0 0 0 03 0.14 9 0 0.14 04 0 0 0 0 05 0.19 5 0 0.19 06 0 0 0 0 07 0 0 0 0 08 0.02 2 0 0.02 09 0.14 6 0 0.14 10 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 16 0 0 0 0' 17 0.02 1 0 0.021 18 0.09 5 0 0.09 19 0.01 1 0 0.01 20 0 0 0 0
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-54
( TME 23 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) FEBRUARY, 1982 (CONTINUED) INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0.01 1 0 0.01 22 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 24 0.08 4 0 0.08 25 0 0 0 0 26 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 28 0 0 0 0
- Data were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological tenitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-55
.. - - _ _ . - _ _ = _ _ - _ _.
TABLE 24 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) MARCH, 1982 INCHES OF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 4
01 0 0 0 0 02 0.34 8 0 0.34 03 0 0 0 0 04 0.69 11 0 0.69 05 0 0 0 0 06 0 0 0 0 07 0 0 0 0 08 0.02 2 0 0.02 09 0.01 1 0 0.01 10 0 0 0 0 11 0.17 4 0 0.17 12 0.10 2 9 0.10 13 0.21 3 0 0.21 14 0 0 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 16 0.37 5 0 0.37 17 0 0 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 20 0.23 6 0 0.23
*Dzta were obtained from a source outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
B-56
( TABII 24 TOTAL DAILY DATA (USING AVAILABLE DATA) MARCH, 1982 (CONTINUED) INCHES QF TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION OF OF UNKNOWN TOTAL INCHES OF
. DAY USING KNOWN HOURS PRECIPITATION HOURS
- PRECIPITATION 21 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 0 0 23 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 25 0.30 10 0 0.30 26 0 0 0 0 27 0 0 0 0 a 18 0 0 0 0 29 0 0 0 0 30 0.38 4 0 0.38 31 0.01 1 0 0.01 CData were obtained from a socree outside the Davis-Besse meteorological monitoring system. The number of hours of rainfall is also unknown.
I B-57
TABLE 25 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: APRIL, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 3.1 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 14 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 78% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.40 1 12.90 0.40 7.1 l NNE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 I NE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ENE 0.10 1 3.03 0.10 7.1 E 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ESE 0.90 3 29.03 0.30 21.4 i SE 0.50 2 16.13 0.25 14.3
-SSE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 j S 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SSW 0.80 4 25.80 0.20 28.6 SW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 WSW 0.30 2 3.03 0.15 14.3 W 0.10 1 3.03 0.10 7.1 WNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
i i B-58 l
i 4 i 'i TABLE 26 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: MAY, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 0.94 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 21 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 80% NUMBER OF NIERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCFE' % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER NOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.09 3 9.20 0.03 14.3 i NNE 0.10 1 10.2 0.10 4.8
- NE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ENE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 E 0.00 0 .0.00 0.00 0.0 ESE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 i SE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SSE 0.01 1 1.02 0.01 4.8 t S 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0
! SSW 0.04 3 4.08 0.01 14.3 4 SW 0.12 2 12.24 0.06 9.5 WSW 0.31 2 31.63 0.16 9.5 W 0.02 1 2.04 0.02 4.8 WNW 0.16 4 16.33 0.04 19.0 NW 0.13 4 13.27 0.03 19.0 NNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
t B-59
TABLE 27 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS M017H: JUNE, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 4.64 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 45 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 96.9% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES _ RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.01 1 0.22 0.01 2.2 NNE 0.08 1 1.72 0.08 2.2 NE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 i ENE 0.27 2 5.82 0.13 4.4 E 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ESE 0.16 2 3.45 0.08 4.4 SE 0.05 2 1.08 0.02 4.4 s SSE 0.49 4 10.56 0.12 8.9 S 0.20 4 10.56 0.12 8.9 SSW 0.38 9 8.20 0.04 20.0 SW 0.99 12 21.34 0.08 26.6 WSW 0.21 5 4.53 0.04 11.1 W 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 WNW 0.83 2 17.90 0.41 4.4 NW 0.97 1 20.91 0.97 2.2 NNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
B-60
TABLE 23 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATIC.i ANALYSIS , MONTH: JULY, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 4.44 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 40 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 96.9% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES _ RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAIN?ALL N 0.03 1 0.68 0.03 2.5 NNE 0.42 2 9.46 0.21 5.0 NE 0.37 2 8.33 0.18 5.0 ENE 0.37 2 8.33 0.18 5.0 E 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ESE 0.39 3 8.78 0.13 7.5 SE C.64 . 3 14.40 0.21 7.5 k SSE 0.05 1 1.13 0.05 2.5 S 0.02 2 0.45 0.01 5.0 SSW 0.42 10 9.46 0.04 25.0 SW 0.06 2 1.35 0.03 5.0 WSW 0.04 2 0.90 0.02 5.0 l W 0.78 3 17.60 0.26 7.5 i WNW 0.37 3 8.33 0.12 7.5 NW 0.21 1 4.73 0.21 2.5 l NNW 0.27 3 6.10 0.09 7.5
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
- ** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
i B-61 i i
TABLE 29 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: AUGUST, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 1.82 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 27 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 98% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HGURLY RAINFALL N 0.38 2 20.88 0.19 7.4 NNE 0.11 1 6.04 0.11 3.7 NE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ENE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ? E 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ESE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SE 0.03 2 1.65 0.01 7.4 SSE 0.05 2 2.77 0.02 7.4 S 0.22 5 12.09 0.04 18.5 SSW 0.44 7 24.18 0.06 26.0 SW 0.12 2 6.59 0.06 7.4 WSW 0.21 2 11.54 0.11 7.4 W 0.09 2 4.94 0.04 7.4 WNW 0.15 1 8.24 0.15 3.7 NW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NNW 0.02 1 1.10 0.02 3.7
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
B-62
I TABLE 30 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: SEPTEMBER, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 2.99 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 50 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 76% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAIhTALL N 0.18 4 6.02 0.04 8.0 NNE 0.45 12 15.05 0.04 24.0 NE 0.67 7 22.41 0.10 14.0 ENE 0.17 4 5.69 0.04 8.0 E 0.01 1 0.33 0.01 2.0 ESE 0.39 6 13.04 0.06 12.0 SE 0.33 3 11.04 0.11 6.0 ( SSE 0.03 1 1.00 0.03 2.0 S 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SSW 0.07 2 2.34 0.03 4.0 SW 0.36 3 12.04 0.12 6.0 WSW 0.25 3 8.36 0.08 6.0 W 0.08 4 2.68 0.02 8.0 WNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
B-63
TABLE 31 . MONTR Y DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: OCTOBER, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 3.43 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 61 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 100% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.26 4 7.58 0.07 6.6 3 NNE 0.39 8 11.37 0.10 13.1 NE 0.59 9 17.20 0.07 14.7 ENE 0.23 8 6.71 0.03 13.1 E 0.15 2 4.37 0.07 3.3 ESE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SE 0.03 1 0.87 0.03 1.6 SSE 0.32 2 9.34 0.16 3.3 S 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SSW 0.55 5 16.03 0.11 8.2 SW 0.26 4 7.58 0.07 6.6 j WSW 0.18 5 5.25 0.04 8.2 W 0.03 2 0.87 0.01 3.3 WNW 0.05 2 1.46 0.03 3.3 NW 0.11 1 3.21 0.11 1.6 NNW 0.28 8 8.16 0.03 13.1
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of tota-1 monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
I B-64
( TABLE 32 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: NOVEMBER, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 1.18 INCHES-TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 26 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 99% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NNE 0.06 1 5.10 0.06 3.8 NE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ENE 0.22 2 18.60 0.11 7.7 E 0.45 6 38.10 0.07 23.1 ESE 0.03 2 2.50 0.01 1.7 i SE 0.03 1 2.50 0.03 3.8 SSE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 S 0.03 2 2.50 0.01 7.7 SSW 0.22 5 18.60 0.04 19.2 SW 0.11 5 9.30 0.02 19.2 WSW 0.02 1 1.70 0.02 3.8 W 0.01 1 0.80 0.01 3.8 WNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
( B-65
TABLE 33 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: DECEMBER, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 2.22 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 46 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 78% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.04 3 1.80 0.01 6.5 NNE 0.50 10 22.50 0.05 21.7 NE 0.12 1 5.40 0.12 2.2 ENE 0.35 4 15.80 0.09 8.7 E 0.08 2 3.60 0.04 4.3 ESE 0.06 3 2.70 0.02 6.5 SE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SSE 0.15 3 6.80 0.05 6.5 S 0.18 5 8.10 0.04 10.9 SSW 0.09 5 4.10 0.02 10.9 SW 0.28 4 12.60 0.07 8.7 WSW 0.35 4 15.80 0.09 8.7 W 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 WNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NW 0.02 2 0.90 0.01 4.3 NNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
- Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
B-66
( TABLE 34 l MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: JANUARY, 1982 TOTAL RAINFALL: 3.29 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 73 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 93% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.05 2 1.50 0.02 2.7 NNE 0.20 5 6.10 0.04 6.8 NE 0.27 10 8.20 0.03 13.7 ENE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 E 0.29 5 8.80 0.06 6.8 ESE 0.20 5 6.10 0.04 6.8 I SE 0.29 4 8.80 0.07 5.5 SSE 0.12 5 3.60 0.02 6.8 S 0.40 9 12.10 0.04 12.3 SSW 0.22 4 6.70 0.05 5.5 SW 0.34 6 10.30 0.06 8.2 WSW 0.88 15 26.70 0.06 20.5 W 0.01 1 0.30 0.01 1.4 WNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 NW 0.01 1 0.30 0.01 1.4 NNW 0.01 1 0.30 0.01 1.4
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
t B-67
TABLE 35 MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: FEBRUARY, 1982 TOTAL RAINFALL: 0.79 IliCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 34 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 100% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NLHBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.16 8 20.20 0.02 23.5 NNE 0.11 5 14.00 0.03 11.7 NE 0.07 4 8.80 0.02 11.7 ENE 0.18 6 22.80 0.03 17.6 E 0.02 2 2.50 0.01 5.9 LSE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 3E 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SSE 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 S 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 SSW 0.05 2 6.30 0.02 5.9 l SW 0.03 2 3.80 0.01 5.9 l l WSW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 l i W 0.10 2 12.60 0.05 5.9 WNW 0.01 1 1.30 0.01 3.0 NW 0.01 1 1.30 0.01 3.0 NNW 0.05 2 6.30 0.02 5.9
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
l
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
B-68
l i TABLE 36 ! MONTHLY DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS MONTH: MARCH, 1982 TOTAL RAINFALL: 2.83 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 59 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 100% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAIhTALL N 0.13 3 4.59 0.04 5.1 NNE 0.10 4 3.53 0.02 6.8 NE 0.07 4 2.47 0.02 6.8 ENE 0.18 5 6.36 0.04 8.5 E 0.32 6 11.31 0.05 10.2 ESE 0.75 8 26.50 0.09 13.6 SE 0.02 1 0.71 0.02 1.7 i 0.07 6.8 SSE 4 2.47 0.02 S 0.09 6 3.18 0.01 10.2 SSW 0.44 8 15.55 0.05 13.6 SW 0.02 1 0.71 0.02 1.7 WSW 0.36 2 12.72 0.18 3.4 W 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 WNW 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0
'NW 0.24 5 8.72 0.05 8.5 NNW 0.04 2 1.41 0.02 3.4
- Percentage of the total monthly rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total monthly hours of rainfall that fell from each direction.
B-69
4 TABLE 37 SUMMER DIRECTIONAL PRECIPTATION ANALYSIS SEASON: SUMMER, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 10.90 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 112 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 97.3% NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.42 4 3.90 0.11 3.9 NNE 0.61 4 5.60 0.15 3.9 NE 0.37 2 3.40 0.18 2.0 ENE 0.64 4 5.90 0.16 3.9 E 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 ESE 0.55 5 5.00 0.11 4.5 SE 0.72 7 6.60 0.10 6.2 SSE 0.59 7 5.40 0.08 6.2 S 0.44 11 4.00 0.04 9.8 SSW 1.24 26 11.40 0.05 23.2 SW 1.17 16 10.70 0.07 14.3 WSW 0.46 9 4.20 0.05 8.0 W 0.87 5 8.00 0.17 4.5 WNW 1.35 6 12.40 0.17 5.4 NW 1.18 2 10.80 0.59 1.8 NNW 0.29 4 2.70 0.07 3.9
- Percentage of the total seasonal rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total seasonal hours of rainfall that fell from each direc-tion.
B-70
~
TABLE 38 FALL DIRECTIONAL PRECIPTATION ANALYSIS SEASON: FALL, 1981 TOTAL RAINFALL: 7.60 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 137
% COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 92%
NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.44 8 5.80 0.05 5.8 NNE 0.90 21 11.80 0.04 15.3 NE 1.26 16 16.60 0.08 11.7 ENE 0.62 14 8.20 0.04 10.2 E 0.61 9 8.00 0.08 6.6 ESE 0.42 8 5.50 0.05 5.8 ( SE 0.39 5 5.10 0.08 3.6 SSE 0.35 3 4.60 0.12 2.2 S 0.03 2 0.40 0.01 1.5 SSW 0.84 12 11.10 0.07 8.8 SW 0.73 12 9.60 0.06 8.8 WSW 0.45 9 5.90 0.05 6.6 W 0.12 7 1.60 0.02 5.1 WNW 0.05 2 0.70 0.02 1.5 NW 0.11 1 1.40 0.11 0.7 NNW 0.28 8 3.70 0.04 5.8
- Percentage of the total seasonal rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total seasonal hours of rainfall that fell from each direc-tion.
i B-71
TABLE 39 WINTER DIRECTIONAL PRECIPTATION ANALYSIS SEASON: WINTER, 1981-1982 TOTAL RAINFALL: 6.30 INCHES TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 153 ;
% COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 90% ,
NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.25 13 4.00 0.02 8.5 i NNE 0.81 19 12.00 0.04 12.4 i l NE. 0.46 15 7.30 0.03 9.8 ENE 0.53 10 8.40 0.05 6.5 E 0.39 9 6.20 0.04 5.8 ESE 0.26 8 4.10 0.03 5.2 SE 0.29 4 4.60 0.07 2.6 SSE 0.27 8 4.30 0.03 5.2 l S 0.58 14 9.20 0.04 9.1 SSW 0.36 11 5.70 0.03 7.2 SW 0.65 12 10.30 0.05 7.8 WSW 1.23 19 19.50 0.06 12.4 W 0.11 3 1.70 0.04 2.0 WNW 0.01 1 0.20 0.01 0.7 1 l NW 0.04 4 0.60 0.01 2.6 ! NNW 0.06 3 1.00 0.03 2.0
- Percentage of the total seasonal rainfall that fell from each direction.
l ** Percentage of total seasonal hours of rainfall that fell from each direc-tion. t B-72
; TABLE 40 SPRING DIRECTIONAL PRECIPITATION ANALYSIS SEASON: SPRING TOTAL RAINFALL: 6.91 INCHES APRIL, MAY 1981, TOTAL HOURS OF PRECIPITATION: 94 MARCH 1982 COMPUTER AVAILABILITY: 86%
NUMBER OF AVERAGE WIND NUMBER OF HOURS IT % OF MONTH
- INCHES % OF TOTAL **
DIRECTION INCHES RAINED RAINFALL PER HOUR HOURLY RAINFALL N 0.62 7 8.97 0.09 7.4 NNE 0.20 5 2.89 0.04 5.3 NE 0.07 4 1.08 0.02 4.3 ENE 0.28 6 4.05 0.05 6.4 E 0.32 6 4.95 0.05 6.4 ESE 1.65 11 23.89 0.15 11.7 SE 0.52 3 7.52 0.17 3.2 k SSE 0.08 5 1.16 0.02 5.3 S 0.09 6 1.39 0.01 6.4 SSW 1.28 15 18.52 0.08 16.0 SW 0.14 3 2.03 0.05 3.2 WSW 0.97 6 14.04 0.16 6.4 W 0.12 2 1.74 0.06 2.1 WNW 0.16 4 2.48 0.04 4.3 NW 0.37 9 5.35 0.04 9.6 NNW 0.04 2 0.58 0.02 2.1
- Percentage of the total seasonal rainfall that fell from each direction.
** Percentage of total seasonal hours of rainfall that fell from each direc-tion.
B-73
TABLE 41 DOMIN L RATES OF PRECIPITATION WIND DIRECTION RATE OF WITH GREATEST PRECIPITATION TOTAL MONTHLY RATE OF (INCHES PER RATE OF MONTH PRECIPITATION HOUR) PRECIPITATION APRIL, 1981 N 0.40 0.22 MAY, 1981 WSW 0.16 0.05 JUNE, 1981 NW 0.97 0.10 JULY, 1981 W 0.26 0.11 AUGUST, 1981 N 0.19 0.07 SEPTEMBER, 1981 SW 0.12 0.06 OCTOBER, 1981 SSE 0.16 0.06 NOVEMBER, 1981 ENE 0.11 0.04 DECEMBER, 1981 NE 0.12 0.05 JANUARY, 1982 SE 0.07 0.04 FEBRUARY, 1982 W 0.05 0.02 MARCH, 1982 WSW 0.18 0.05 TOTAL 1-YEAR STUDY = 0.06 INCHES / HOUR B-74
I TABLE 42 WATER-LAND RELATIONSHIP (SUMMER) JUNE 1, 1981 - AUGUST 31, 1981 NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF-HOURS THAT HOURS THAT HOURS THAT WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION HOURS WAS FROM LAND WAS FROM WATER WAS FROM LAND OF TO WATER & TO LAND & TO LAND & MONTH RAIN PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION JUNE 45 23 Hours = 71% 5 Hours = 11% 8 Hours = 18% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 1.96 inches 0.42 inches 2.26 inches JULY 40 20 Hours = 50% 10 Hours = 25% 10 Hours = 25% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 1.34 inches 1.28 inches 1.82 inches AUGUST . 27 20 Hours = 74% 2 Hours = 7% 5 Hours = 19% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 1.24 inches 0.38 inches 0.20 inches TOTAL 112 72 Hours = 64% 17 Hours = 15% 23 Hours = 21% SUMMER Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 4.54 inches 2.08 inches 4.28 inches B-75
TABLE 43 . WATER-LAND RELATIONSHIP (FALL) SEPTEMBER 1, 1981 - NOVEMBER 31, 1981 NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF HOURS THAT HOURS THAT HOURS THAT WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION HOURS WAS FROM LAND' WAS FROM WATER WAS FROM LAND OF TO WATER & TO LAND & TO LAND & MONTH RAIN PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION SEPTEMBER 50 10 hours = 20% 30 hours = 60% 10 hours = 20% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. - 0.69 inches 1.58 inches 0.72 inches OCTOBER 61 18 hours = 30% 37 hours = 60% 6 hours = 10% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 1.08 inches 1.79 inches 0.56 inches NOVEMBER 26 14 hours = 54% 10 hours = 38% 2 hours = 8% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 0.39 inches 0.74 inches 0.05 inches TOTAL 137 42 hours = 31% 77 hours = 56% 18 hours = 13% FALL Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 2.16 inches 4.11 inches 1.33 inches B-76
TABLE 44 WATER-LAND RELATIONSHIP (WINTER) DECEMBER 1, 1981 - FEBRUARY 28, 1982 NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF HOURS THAT HOURS THAT HOURS THAT WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION HOURS WAS FROM LAND WAS FROM WATER WAS FROM LAND OF TO WATER & TO LAND & TO LAND & MONTH RAIN PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION DECEMBER 46 20 hours = 13.5% 20 hours = 43.5% 6 hours = 13% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 1.02 inches 1.11 inches 0.09 inches JANUARY 73 39 hcurs = 53.4% 25 hours = 34.2% 9 hours = 12.3% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 1.97 inches 0.09 inches 0.42 inches FEBRUARY 34 6 hours = 17.6 26 hours = 76.5% 2 hours = 5.8% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. ( 0.18 inches 0.57 inches 0.04 inches WINTER 153 65 hours = 42.5% 71 hours = 46.4% 17 hours = 11% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 3.17 inches 2.58 inches 0.55 inches B-77
E TABLE 45 WATER-LAND RELATIONSHIP (SPRING) - MARCH 1982, APRIL 1981, MAY 1981 NUMBER OF NUMBER OF NUMBER OF HOURS THAT HOURS THAT IK URS THAT WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION WIND DIRECTION HOURS WAS FROM LAND WAS FROM WATER WAS FROM LAND OF TO WATER & TO LAND & TO IAVD & MONTH RAIN PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION MARCH 59 20 Hours = 34% 27 Hours = 46% 12 Hours = 20% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 0.97 inches 1.14 inches 0.72 inches
~
APRIL 14 7 Hours = 50% 4 Hours = 29% 3 Hours = 21% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 1.20 inches 1.30 inches 0.60 inches MAY 21 11 Hours = 52% 4 Hours = 19% 6 Hours = 29% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 0.06 inches 0.19 inches 0.17 inches SPRING 94 38 Hours = 41% 35 Hours = 37% 21 Hours = 22% Total Precip. Total Precip. Total Precip. 2.77 inches 2.63 inches 1.49 inches B-78
( TABE 46 :- DOMINANT WIND DIRECTIONS DOMINANT WIND DIRECTION DOMINANT WIND DIRECTION IN WHICH MOST IN WHICH MOST HOURS OF MONTH PRECIPITATION OCCURRED PRECIPITATION OCC'JRRED January, 1982 WSW WSW February, 1982 ENE N March, 1982 ESE ESE/SSW April, 1981 ESE SSW May, 1981 WSW WNW/NW June, 1981 SW SW July, 1981 W SSW August, 1981 SSW SSW September, 1981 NE NNE October, 1981 NE NE November, 1981 E E December, 1981 NNE NNE j PD 4360V B-79
/
TABLE OF COIEYJ LIMITING CONDITIONS FOR OPERATION MAxitui TEMPERAW RE DIFFERENTIAL 2.1.1 BIOCIDES 2.3.1 PH MONITORING 2.3.2 SULFATES MONITORING 2.3.3 ENVIRONENTAL SURVElll.ANCE CHEMICAL USAGE 3.1.1.A.2 . CHLORINE MONITORING 3.1.1.A.3 ENVIRONENTAL RADIOLOGICAL MONITORING 3.2 LAND USE AND MILK ANIMAL CENSUS RESULTS UPDATE OF 50-MILE DEMOGRAPHIC DATA BIOLOGICAL ftNITORING i 1982 STUDIES OF B E ASIATIC CLAM (CORBICULA) ENVIRONENTAL IffACT APPRAISAL OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION,lhlT 1 ON THE AQUATIC ECOLOGY OF LAKE ERIE 1973-1979 ftTEOR0 LOGICAL MONITORING ANALYSIS OF THERMAL INTERNAL BOUNDARY LAYER CONDITIONS FOR A COASTAL NUCLEAR POWER PLANT l 1 ! 1982 METEOROLOGICAL DATA FOR THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION - MONTHLY AVERAGES AND WINDROSES PRECIPITATION STUDY OF THE DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION I i
SECTION 2.1.1 MAXIrm TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL
J 2.1.1 TEMPERATURE DIFFERENTIAL, 'F 1982 1982 Minimum Maximum Average 1 January 6 18 12 February 5 15 10 March 1 16 7 April 0 6 2 May 0 5 2 June 0 5 2 July 0 3 1 i August 0 6 2 September 1 11 7 October 8 14 11 November 7 19 13 1 December 8 19 13 l 1 'T
- , , - - - - ,,*y ,, - - - , - , . -, - - < - , - , - - . - , - - --
,v .,.ww-w,.,-
SECTION 2.3.1 BlocIDES 1 l l l t
2.3.1 BIOCIDES Chlorine was the only biocide used in the circulating water at Davis-Besse during the 1982 period. Monitoring of chlorine residuals is covered by the Station's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit. The limits of the permit were not exceeded in 1982. e
f SECTION 2.3.2 PH ttNITORING
2.3.2 pH MONITORING 1982 1982 Minimum Maximum January 7.2 8.1 - February 7.1 8.5 March 7.2 8.6 April 6.4 8.2 May 6.5 8.5 - June 7.7 8.5 July 7.1 8.1 August 7.6 8.2 September 7.8 8.6 October 7.7 8.5 November 7.5 8.5 December 8.0 8.4 I I The pH limit of 6-9 was not exceeded in 1982.
m SECTION 2.3.3 SULFATES MONITORING ( I
P 1 2.3.3 SULFATE 1982 mg/l 1982 Minimum Maximum Average . January 55 120 74 l February 50 85 68 March 57 100 72 April 65 100 89 ( May 57 75 62 June 55 70 63 I I July 50 77 61 August 60 70 65 September 60 75 67 October 60 78 66 November 55 100 70 December 73 125 84 The sulfate limit of 1500 mg/l was not exceeded during 1982. l l I l p'ev w-,r ' - - - - -
---ec ** +- 'q- - -
SECTION 3.1.1.A.2 CHEMICAL USAGE l l f l l
. %q Table 3.1-1 DAVIS-BESSE NUCLEAR POWER STATION UNIT NO. 1 CHEMICAL USAGE FOR 1982 DISCHARGE CHEMICAL SYSTEM USE QUANTITY INTERNEDIATE FINAL Chlorine Circulating Water Biocide 36,833# N/A Unit discharge via cooling tower blowdown Chlorine Service Water Biocide 27,892# cooling Tower Unit discharge Makeup via cooling tower blowdown Chlorine ' Cooling Tower Makeup Biocide NONE Cooling Tower Unit discharge tiakeup via cooling. water blowdown 4 Chlorine Water Treatment Disinfection 3,563# N/A Water Dist. sys.
I Sulfuric Acid Circulating Water Alkalinity Reacts with cir- Unit dischcrge via j Control NONE culating water cooling tower blowdown. Sulfuric Acid Demineralizers Regeneration 3,128 gal Neutralizing tank Unit discharge for neutralization Sulfuric Acid Water Treatment Stabilization NONE N/A Water dist. sys. Sulfuric Acid Neutralizing Tank Neutralization NONE N/A Unit discharge "Only used when the unit is operating and service water is being returned to the forebay.
Table 3.1-1 (Cont'd.) i DISCHARGE CHEMICAL SYSTEM USE QUANTITY INTERMEDIATE FINAL Sodium Demineralizers Regeneration 19093 gal Neutralizing tank Unit discharge llydroxide for neutralization Sodium Neutralizing tank Neutralization 4948 gal N/A Unit discharge llydroxide calcium Water treatment Clarification 51150# Sludge to the Supernatant from llydroxide and Softening Settling Basin the settling basin to the unit dis-charge 4i Sodium Water treatment C'srification Aluminate and softening 3900# Sludge to the Supernatant from Settling Basin the settling basin to the unit dis-charge Nalco 607 Water Treatment Clarification NONE Sludge to the Supernatant from and softening Settling Basin the settling basin to the unit dis-charge Nalco 8184 Water treatment Clarification 12 gal Sludge to the Supernatant from and softening Settling Basin the settling basin to the unit dis-charge
<e g g
. ._. - __ - . . _ - __ . - = _ _ - _ --__ _ _
Table 3.1-1 (Cont'd) DISCIURGE CHEMICAL SYSTEM USE QUANTITY INTERHEDIATE FINAL Morpholine Component Cooling pil Control NONE N/A N/A Nalco 39L Turbine Plant Corrosion Cooling Inhibitor 55 gal N/A N/A Chilled Water Corrosion Inhibitor 4 gal N/A N/A Nalco 7320 Turbine Plant Microbiological NONE N/A N/A Cooling Control Chilled Water Microbiological NONE N/A N/A Control h Nalco 7326 Turbine Plant Microbiological 80 gal N/A N/A Cooling. Control Sodium Turbine Plant pil Control 50f N/A N/A llydroxide Cooling Nalco 810 Water Treatment Clarification 32 gal Sludge to the Supernatant from and softening settling basin the settling basin to the unit discharge Nalco 7330 Turbine plant Microbiological 130 gal N/A N/A cooling Control I i r e e
-r
Table 3.1-1 (Cont'd) { DISCIURGE CHEMICAL SYSTEM USE QUANTITY INTERMEDIATE FINAL , Sodium Water Treatment Clarification 515# Sludge to the Supernatant from
, Ilydroxide and softening Settling Basin the settling basin j to the unit dis-charge i
Sedium Water Treatment Disinfection NONE N/A Water distribution Hypochlorite system Sodium Sewage Treatment Disinfection 1575# N/A Unit discharge flypochlorite liydrazine Secondary Coolant Oxygen Scavenging 419 gal N/A N/A l Reactor Coolant Oxygen Scavenging NONE N/A N/A i
, Component Cooling Oxygen Scavenging I gal N/A N/A 7 Auxiliary Boiler Oxygen Scavenging 7 gal N/A N/A Ileating System Oxygen Scavenging 1 gal N/A N/A , Ammonia Secondary Coolant pil Control 60 gal N/A N/A Auxiliary Boiler pH Control 11 gal N/A N/A I
Boric Acid Reactor Coolant Neutron Moderator 19775 gal N/A N/A
- I,ithium Reactor Coolant pil Control 7034 grams N/A N/A Hydroxide 1
t I +' # w. j
SECTION 3.1.1.A.3 i CHLORINE MONITORING
3.1.1.a.3 CHLORINE MONITORING Chlorine monitoring is envered by the Davis-Besse Station's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit. The limits 4 of the permit were not exceeded during 1982. e l l l l i [ I
SECTION 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL BbNITORING _ _ ._ ._ ._}}