ML20071G457

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Requests Tech Spec Change for License R-101,covering Fuel Element & Fuel Follower
ML20071G457
Person / Time
Site: Ginna, Berkeley Research Reactor
Issue date: 02/26/1979
From: Pigford T
CALIFORNIA, UNIV. OF, BERKELEY, CA
To: Reid R
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
NUDOCS 7903130365
Download: ML20071G457 (10)
v • d • e


Text

o 50-2.2.9 e

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

+

BLRKELEY

  • DAVIS
  • IRVINE
  • LOS ANCELES
  • RIVER $1DE
  • SAN DIEGO
  • SAN FRANCISCO SANTA DARBARA
  • 8ANTA CRUZ l

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING DEI!KELEY, CALIFOENI A 94720 DEI *AllTAIENT OF NUCLEAll ENGINEEll!NC Docket No.: 50-224 Reactor License R-101 rY $

Technical Specifications Change #6 p} G q

$h C

]9 Robert W. Reid, Chief l

Operating Reactor Branch #4 J

l Division of Operating Reactors F

'M

'l U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission c-1 Q

Washington D.

C. 20555 4

Dear Mr. Reid:

We hereby request the following-change to our Technical Specifications, Technical Specifications D.6. states:

"Each fuel element'and fuel follower shall be checked for transverse bend and longitudinal clongation after the.first 100 pulses of any magnitude and then after the first 500 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k.

If any element distorts to or beyond the maximum limits during the first 500 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k, inspection of each element shall be made after the next series of 500 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k.

If no element distorts beyond maximum limits after a series

~

of 500 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k, the number of pulses above 1.5% Ak/k between inspections may be increased l

w w.

mum limits after a series of 1000 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k, to 1000.

If an element is found to distort beyond maxi-(-

the next inspection interval shall be reduced to 500 pulses l

above 1.5% Ak/k.

The maximum interval between inspections l

of fuel elements shall be no greater than one year.

The limit of transver'se bend shall be 1/16 inch over the l

total length of the element.

The limit on longitudinal l

clongation shall be 1/10 inch.

The reactor shall not be operated with elements which have been~found to exceed these limits.

Any element which is exhibiting a clad break as indicated by a measurabic release of fission products shall'bc located and removed from' service before continuation of routine operation."

s We request Technical Specification D.6. be changed to read:

I "Each fuel element and fuel follower shall be checked for transverse bend and' longitudinal clongation after the first 100 pulses of any magnitude and then after the first 500 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k..If any element distorts to or' beyond-the maximum limits during the first 500 pulses 7903180 36 6 O

a L.

~ Reactor License R-101 Tech. Spec. Change #6 February 26, 1979 above 1.5% Ak/k, inspection of each element shall be made after the next series of 500 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k.

If no element distorts beyond maximum limits after a series of 500. pulses above 1.5% Ak/k, the number of pulses above 1.5%'Ak/k between inspections may he increased to 1000.

If an element is found to distort beyond maximum limits after a series of'1000 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k, the next inspection interval.shall be reduced to 500 pulses above 1.5% Ak/k.

The limit of transverse bend shall be 1/16 inch over the total length of the element.

The limit on longi-tudinal clongation.shall be 1/10 inch.

The reactor shall not be operated with elements which have been found to exceed these limits.

Any element which is exhibiting a clad break as' indicated by a measurable release of fission products.

shall be located and removed from se'rvice before continuation

(]}

of routine operation."

Our request for this change is based on the following reasons:

1.

The past eleven annual fuel measurement (1966-1977) indicated that the transfer bend and longitudinal.clongation of each fuel element were within limits specified in our Technical Specifications.

Figures 1 to 5 show the results of up to eleven annual measurements made on 17 standard 8.5 wt% stainless steel cladded elements in the B and C ring of the TRIGA III Berkeley Research Reactor core.

Each data point (dot) represents a difference measurement -

referred to the length measurement made prior to installation of the fuel in the core.

The dots, progressing fr.om Icft to right, represent the-difference measurement for each of the up to (s) eleven annual periods (1966-1977).

Each fuel element loca-

~

tion in the core, and the fuel element ID number are stated

~

at the bottom of each graph.

Our best estimate of the sensi-tivity of the measurement technique is 0.010 inch.

The growth of each element was calculated from its growth curve after a linear-trend analysis (with an arbitrary slope) was performed for all measured differences.

Figure 6 shows a typical linear-trend analysis for.a fuel-element-growth cal-culation.

Linear-trend analysis of the measurements as func-tion of the average total accumulated. energy of approximately 4000 MWh's and' average 254 pulses over an average period of 8 years of 17 fuel elements'in the B and C ring, shows a growth pattern in the positive direction for 15 out of 17 fuel el.ements.

The B an C ring elements we're selected for this analysis because.these elements are. located in the region of the highest neutron flux.

The average growth was found to be 0.005 inches 0.008 inches, which is approximately similar in magnitude to the sensitivity of the measurement technique itself.

The error w'as calculated by taking 2 rms deviations of the differences between the measured data and

3_

Reactor License R-101 Tech. Spec. Change #6 February 26, 1979 the best straight line.

The highest growth is still well below the limit on longitudinal elongation specified in our Technical Specifications of 0.10 inch.

The measurement technique to determine bend is a simple go-no-go gauge.

In no instance has any fuel element ever failed the go-no-go test.

Consequently, we conclude that no element has experienced a transverse bend over the total length of the clad >1/16 inch.

2.

At this time, our prediction is that the future utilization of the reactor will be approximately the same as for the past 2 to 3 years.

The pulsing and steady state history of the TRIGA III Berkeley Research Reactor is detailed in Table 1.

Steady State Operations and Pulsing History of the (v')

TRIGA III Berkeley Research Reactor Calendar Year MWH's Pulses 1966 41 54 1967 419 47 1968 702 57 1969 756 97 1970 723 39 1971 738 13 1972 518 15 1973 503 27 1974 523 22 1975 333 26 1976 185 17 1977 170 33 g)

Table 1 t

3.

We feel that each annual inspection and measurement sequence is now more detrimental than beneficial to the overall safety of the system.

4.

The proposed change will not alter any part of our technical specification in connection with the pulsing program.

5.

Historically the measurements required for TRIGA type fuel elements were promulgated to detect fuel elements which were nearing cladding failure due to either transverse bending and/or longitudinal. elongation.

Both such dimensional-deviations were the result of a "ratcheting" effect from pulse experiments performed elsewhere on early aluminum-clad TRIGA fuel elements.

We are not aware of any known cases of fuel element dimensional change due to only steady-state operation over either a short or long term.

The stainless-

w.

g y

~

Reactor Licc'nse R-101

. Tech.. Spec. Change 96 February 26,.1979-steel-clad-elements, such as those in the Berkeley Research Reactor', are more stable-dimensionally than the aluminum -

clad: element's in pulsing operation, as demonstrated herein and by experience of GSTR Denver, Colorado, and.Pennl State,

' University.

The requested. change.was1 reviewed.by.the Reactor-Hazard's/Committeei of the_ Berkeley Research Reactor. '

A further. revision of the wording of these technical _ specifications.

to comply with the_'new format' requested by NRC, wil1~be-forthcoming.

in the near-future.

Very tru yours,;

.3

& _y/ D 3 ;.f{

l

- Q

-T.

H;fPigf6 d-Reactor.-Administrator THP: irs Attachments

~

cc:

Chairman Reactor Hazards Committee Environmental Health f Safety Officer i

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t,n Fig. 2

~

FUEL ELEMENT ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS y

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n.

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m f

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y.

pit-. t:nkr ilh: =t mmi t

=

m: :m nu g.p_Lmt tdt ggtg g:qjg te tm bl.i pangg ng nn t tm ge rp L.3.a1t tm 2if1 an wt

+

u-

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8 m

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n e.

= nn :n; Ih; Ett ti:n n;ri.m u;n-.

n unmt a

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u

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m.

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l m

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t dr;t.i tpi :d._HE nB.i.rtj 4

t

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t
m m.

t.y.. n..u n. a t_m.ua.t u.a .t ma . n..ua.m_.m.7 -o un :n: :n

ttt..dit

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n. m...=.

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tp nP +.h +

f:.m..:.tm ,n 1:3., x y_ g,1na muuya n. n t an umq+.pn gp: =

m. nr ji.u p.H yp m. ttj:.p;l..iji.lgpm un tm:nh:

g n nrml n.; pii;. pdb un

a:nu ug ml yq mamt nn nr t.a tru n:

m

gg -

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t. *I it Wd..::;4/&;nu tih:u:t t+

tl :g,M"!'.it:q: u! m ta: un yjp, iM

n-di n;t"hm rI
nn un
m t.

tu .t e a nu ::u nu t r-a- n. o .m umed e =.... pon . n_.w =n.ur+17rh_n+ d..n+.~ih+! n--- mm r: r .wwe Hatm"~ r

m. n.t= tr: 1+reun 1

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tm mt mt gp ngn1

. utdm+ t a "..u-+n- +- -+ so. 1 = un m: r e . _ m_. t t a mu tm e at. -u 6 tip iht 1pt :r.i!3p!t m I. ipa t u m+ =m.

= :m :tr s

n .=m: nu tm-mi :p: H".I't g n

tt; rdn

.= = =

t;n utt Unp u r ar

.n .t a nn :..a n.. uh t{gmt un.~. ng t t~tt mi tn

... tm u v,

S m :m en :tt: t=nty.p ~. +m r" tm-. ga un .s.agn m; 3h: mtim it p.!!.-.pp: DP.hitry'H Q + Pt tn in: im rgi :tltngn:1H tm t.n un w so.c2 =un mi.a Jf;- p n m. tm mt a .tn :... t;n.. n i, 43

m. :.g;nit..n.yngn.h

.i r F+n-n...t:. u.tn:,fu,,

94fitm tH

+- r141ypadu+ H.r; -tt + + -- +++e- +4 + a zu. ra:gityt t,ip4 + n = .t n n:: .;.;= t a t gg3 ~tt: t .at

n

t.pn 4 !;vt, 4-n r F m n, = n t? r+ fatn wt-r tut= m +a o.

mm: mrun ny un iP..

lap tih pp::drll:ytt t tr N 30,o3 nu am i t.. tm :ta uh: in} pJit dn :pd fgigh+h: u rn r

~t m agam nr u!:. ml Ep nr m; hn
  • m

+ J a a ti.. uu n . t. t.n ut: a ut. n n =nr ..n. -. u e5 - n.+w..9 a, ut. .tm. i,h+ + =~~ ..n.ie ta nt.a .) E.%z.an.n,pu gy. ~ .t.e yo+.+-.d.u_ Ep. El-i M+t;.a.1 .q,pn.}; tgj,33+ tm tu+d+ z- +++ p. - a-a nt.t.n.u.4.=...qp. tip .n q~ pang w m m ut: qu = u ut! n:: nt: :!n att un mt min ilh itt: ntt *nt

: htt

!L iii{:mi id! ;11: Tiit it:t tth

t+ :n m

++H"nti:{n "in ;u{t+ tir n f ti E hn i LAI FUEL E:LEMENT"! 6130 tm ynntti tL.- :61 37:t im it t:.m :56411. !tt tm 161 30:1 i 4 ID f.m... - wi. ;+.y ..t.t. tt....!l.H. m.t:.d. z.,x..1 pten, [p... *

  • r* 1t +.t.rti.

t.n". L._B rF: !.tH,m .. - l.ti .t . [H...t f. [*m+o+ti.ii. .d.J.!dt : +i. I+ d +n+ +.tm_n4 + + e.n.: th. .."q t. t

t

.a. 2 a t. a. a -lr acLn i ...e. r n i.+tp.i7H pg +4

n.. p* m.

l = iih. n.t.tFH..q.% n" w it.ph.;. t.p. i. ur t u. .c - .np. H...ah

f. n.

+ t. I.. o t.J. _ "',ai1.. n. u t.. tat + t_ "t u yn.. p.. tp. t 1 u r.. p. tm. mt a t t 4n t_. t a ......u. m .u

m. un u

g.r4 1.E; 3

3. -

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m. s m.

m,m eq:.=:-=n n U+"t 14 o mm. m e h{U !Uj--]! t .11 :ijtt !g mttt g.1'.ph gg._iy1c nt ntt g{! 41':ty 'l'l!"!tui[it{.1 d"it = L t nrr U" tt+i Itg Itt! ittr tit +t ++ gt i-ue47d td+.d g"i, ruEL rr.rxEwm es3n...t ee. m tttt ein i toc m..o..p.....m nit ntt nrl ijp tni p: nh thi

t-gJlj tylepil im nu nh m nn n+: :iit. tpn hp t 4t pn tri iiltun g;}: m.j:tg tiu
~u t

! m im td. t p.. m tra en tn ta un c

n. u.t

+

t n t.

a.m .. m. a cour 1.ma w e an iHi !!nw!I:i!!n tu! !illiil,lun.. u.w r!n ini (i! elll!! HH IHi nihis nu jfii i~filt!h.

a

. r., m u = ~iLinitil+tidi ipil !!i! u d iii i.d H o fit! isi inis!!M,7 g..-.n..e pE g,

.u.pyp.-lidpyitnH

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. mpn ny ;tp
m ai tgj. uti d"R.9. 9..

yp un ett un mi t ur t rn.!H"i}gi nn -t t t.h: ty:t td!

tf un rh;..pq l1pi ni tr n-Jr ttl t.a muhrpu
ta tur
nr.m m.

a t. mt u. t ..e n-r-7 n in.n!ni!Lilii !!!!!p qin tiu ..q r 3 !n up Hneun JRilli !m.aliin iin un fril !!t! .;n w...r l.!n nn ....., pn Hii n Hl..i.itu !tphi iht HL, iiii d t ud a -.i n aj:-ry. yI: Mr! jpt mt un r" nm

  • buttg!-

m r-tj~tHr.!h- +t lll + nj1 [tg + rp: 3.II:v-nR +!.)!1-up n.r0!~HiEa: ny g:t tm n n i in na nu dH un ti. d. ht .n tt ut. n u-a mt rig. 3 c- ~~

s FUEL ELEMENT ANNUAL ~ MEASUREMENTS ja LithPijg det mt :nntgi it'nu=t E 'in [gtgj[ titt .i ,itj

x:mttpt t.ttit Jtitit m; t!'i-1jn trytit{}

n un ah.f'il' +.n m;{tt tttt it+it + l*u: mr ati i n:u., nn = un = ,mt , n=n n un n . +. eini!s.t~.ii.in.i h. iHi ni! ial n.il,i itira ~ w n u it!! l+ih.nn niidunti Im~nii illi ,..i m.i }i.il.na heI!H! f@. .~.. in! illr. it i ta m n....., n....yptys.tg e gai. .+..rip ai jjg m.1,r:a,a...ut...c.e=.n.i e. I. u :jft 111 p parcto m.jp"q: jy!j g n.

t "l.

4 t t mt n .at m .p1 a + tt An+ y r~; A

==t mim.at v wt 1.1 c t=m. + o+h 'tI'u'. 4t :- U = tm nu pn trti {jJpytt }}}} ;nt. ni =ungh

.ij-tij{, ytt nn Im nit t.yt th+ tirlt.tg; rq
jn..}!!]ty

= t= ttr 4 n t

+tLfin an tm et n:t. man t..t n

t.tt nu nu tL; .tt aa : : _ 2 n.1 nit l.i.ii. i.l.E.i.i..n. i.n.~lf.f.i.U#. -ijti. i.H..ifini i.E..j4p!I"i.i !I.F:F.i.N i9.i.m'tii..tiii.hy.in r.fyii jii.t. mj ml nt tt ni F m!.

ppgi nai i

.a a t- ,nt uh .a. tI .t.th .. m. m tt tt .m .u. i n

== = r!.!c..j lgj:y+2

nunn.a _2; j h..p.~.n..i+a n sn

...., p.i a u.. w ne!. t j+

+j..

ttn...p.e.. i g e nr ai f.p'ihi. 9. _ F.t un: .th2E= +y. .ti.j,. .t.Jr. m...et p.. n.i.l .r.t m..m... t. tr.t.. _;g r" ; - n1. a_ n. t r. t:.r t

a

.t .i+.t .z ___ a m t.. t + 4. 4 G4 - un. tui iin nu imJip !'!j-di,t gpx;pt 2m tii t

n..Iitu typiit"im Im: tih'ttp1 up u:tn iti
1 u" tm t+ p-tL. t[Digg (gi: [**"t i

menn nn uh nt t.n n.1 nuttE mz e m ta. nu ,mr,t ! rt n.n n..vt,n a- .. m.. n + nm rt.m n. m u L. _u.an r-r n.tt mt ei: o ,u s. - 1. y.ts m.m. =.o.in..n .i.t.I.rt. r.t;u.ig;t m, a. at t.,.1a.. n3a#;p. tm;m nun,a mt a a t.

q. g2
m.

t p. .e ig. 4 a nt nya ng t t n u .n xt., n 2 z. h. t.=..-.: m.. tu. mt.t.tme. F.ittam .m -n. < fit. 2.t. n.1 1 t et

m. 4..

t.h. 7 -. a...u .. r!m:-m...l 2.. : tal.t.m. T e. -=,. r m t. tz

c. =..

. t. in. t m 2

g;

.n.i .t t.. +. ..ma u n u. o o +. o +

==n = :m.u. =u m n.m. mt.. ! gh. a..n.. =nhu..p vn u...u. = ,un._a a...HH...Fu. !ig s iu.p i.3i.ot;:

  1. g

.n._ili.-gp. a fa_. . r.m. an...=. au l.ips . Fa tc.ra._n_ii mi_ ._u a 3 = nu = nur= av un 1jg egt nita ti pu ig; dt 3,::0it q:.pup 4lil ya mnish =::pwm: 3m :m =, m ptn unznu

trt t

n !m i t ne mzun

.ta w;naat att#

t ,m mt :m tm t,.n o; tm un ,n,r : h..=n. a. i is.t.Lt a>..m

n..u. _ m....

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  • *+

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t +7M
rh inill.b+litu**il dd 11 ji th i

= = th. :afi 2

  • t tt td:n jtti:}{a{ {.rh;'s++

ns b1*i*n ttji t'H='tm. tm yJa" tya,q .jjj 2titittt Lir. . Tr

  • nanp t

1: j uh te a mt an t = = = lipep.n tvnh ag. nr n.. r.JJij.i== M +itl tpLLm. 1*n*L.td:. ti.a i u 4 r ..t us. it = =*t vi rmer .p.. i< itil 1n"n n' n g an m Jn ai. m J

m:

t c m. e g iiH. ii.i. iii!.!!.! aig gp yjL gg.gj[.tm gg. !,!Ehji gg jji !Eli i.lij.i'_3 + n.L.iHi lgi Hi..ijji fjg.i.fgigjj jui gi.]if t .m,. g+ pit.}{+! "I}t jtp! :.. t '+ d}tt+ gl"i-tj+h: b:p:jr t ttt+i tti ml ]IN mrrn mt :n li_+1gtt!j ti.{1,*t ~ r att }7.lji Itfi il"l!;tm t" titt li. t t. t .a .? D.:62 un m1 U ..it tt ttti t t.

t tit tit tit n.: un tm; tit + fpt 4tt jin ildt d"idiNj 3}tt.y:

i i it + i+

ii^ tilt igin a((.it l t!*it' 5d
r.ntt
tt{.{.mi m

'nn I{p d>ihtt t!' titt +t.tc n tt:

mi t"l1 1+itt n

nn !;n um

titi

.d att m :.* : m t :t t o +t w 4..td.. ~ a. =....n.01 1.:.r~. nt. tin.}ttr~igtj1: [ht tt.{+t.rt : n+L ++ t I+-.!!: :ittw:- tir m: 2 .J.1 {:{i.2 + la..{. tt.: tn .i n J 3 oo T1.n.}.ta ntL*:nt t tt t n.

r. g-

.gr. g .n! tu na tU a. .,.. n.. 2 4t n.g tt n tn.t.t n.a:.t 'rtt t nov.. 4 th.. i t mt..ti p

tn 1.* int O"

a: t t unenn pn ;m ;tutipt im un m ii. nit nit imr

i++t nr i jt i

ety +ts im it. !nt im ptt: h+nypt:jtu tttt ttu ptt dpt !!!t :in! f"h:: - n mt u mp up; t.hgt ~t mt ..t :ilit un dt.-.hni tttt ttt .m-.m 4::- tat 1..n r

c -

g . 1..ni jyIpip n.. un 1.. c..iu;r t.c un.n.;a. t+n I.lj: Nn fo;i.n .t!i.li.;h: . n..m...tc...t. n"nt rI"t ...i i.1".:"..F. tt.n.u. t.tr. t" ' n.. n.. .;fil.. m... :.

h..
b.> $o

't.r. ;.t!.* ;.;t.1".- tt. +. t.+..3i!F..F..i. .- 7 . d.. t + n a. tlit yrm nn:q. rjt i:ai4.n n ert m:

l.cn tm ty:ph rp!h;r a;

p;n. z ..n n e r;m :n.. 0gt

1.t t r t

un mt tut !!n tin th;t. rt yT:rh:: ..ttad-t.u :m in.

fa d..

t tiit.m t .a o un n: t: m: nn y q!n!ilii ptn-t 2iir qung :~!Et*illu;ng mt r.= nn =rr gp p :rt + D N =isokolEUB!n!!tuiL r+ u*r er: nn m qp-Ipr mzascarzerrr

hn E!!

mil illi lili 1914iH hd hH fiiHHH liiidHI t hE lin ! iid !!U ifdi li J e un n:. m: dn np: Im ny it"I gp im tm tm m;:ut: ihm: :m:m i*t MM nthun dit.r.in and :n mtm: Im et unn 2gt. 3$5 n n. m m. LI

    • d ** m:
  • I.H..I.

PU il.l.!. / 1 3 =.n : n nu' ut ttu ttg m nn m: v nn m it" ~7 ..n im mr7;n~Nn .U.yI..+ - i *..* n tyg II+7t.iU..LI. II..?i,!I. *..F.. 'F, yI.i2,t. y^ ttP.1.. n mn mr

p. filii r-

= u;.; m, m++m n. + r.iN.....!.9i29h E.Ii{I.TF..IU..b.m'*1 .t!.N..T.Ui. 43 ,o

U4 4

II. d x

q.. 6*2 =C I '3 t

. i.f..i + m. e a.1 n. =

lp? gn :pt pmhu utt mt

+tn :m mt nu. unm up-nn =+ ? rjy-im: um =: +" w ..n ta: an gp: tt nu mt nu n.: tm =l=mt II+t.taqn n"i td im mr Et.q fii! ti.. a =un = t :.a f.* = n2- = t+d jm+{. 7p p! ~ n:..h..#p. n =rar p un 4. + n+h..ig:ttgy-n mpt?- lpt t + .t. iju.p.q t.p... te p*n.t +p qu +.2t.2 I.;t- .,n..e.tp.i. y.., e.....;

a..o3 a n.d,n..m...

,n m2 h+l .y. ,t,..n. h.. p..c:

.m. -g1t
n..

n..a t 2 4 4.t.t.. 4 n o a a m.Hii nn tin iji: inj ip:.pn ni} "it th! an.tth.. tat im md4 j!"E : _nm .at

Hi m inupt mt.ji: m: mj

"" t it .tp-t y+* +tu; rhin.h., l m" d dt!.;.a 3n .n :m ut.: n.itiiH 9 nw=. t tm ':" 2 .tn d"Aizo;t,."! E"Wt n.. nt .tm.

=

t. u

z

= ttti uu ?m

u. un !p +ntat m pu un ytt g1"3tt- :m uw f..+;y!ic:h_

ht+n! un un mt li..qn < nn mlhm

ttpa 6u m; hn
43 L 3.;

.n ht: tm.m m runt r.cmm = - tat s t im ..tt

n. -

nm 4. 4 ID, =.. m =..a,. n...u. j j... +, ...i --. u_ 1n. th-*yla.;-[i+u. : n. .m ~ .:h+1tm + --* ++ --!!n++ ip.i {g+;+& n p+u++ m+}~u.n. gt.}2 gjt a+t uiH + ++- s. -g+ +-+m.u t +9.1rdt:p.m .+t + i t ,p t n +91 .at t.* - r-t t = te t e yp e m# +- - - + 4 n +4 .'li mt'tja" ja{iljp titt y!! i

    • t{tt$i

'+hj Tip tin inj Jt+t;am ._t 2.4! yp r++t n +it !{tt ! j t nn un na't an nE a'*"n I ut. mz m' 3np itit 9 nt

i. na ;n t..t =...n nr.

. = ~nn 2.n m. n t.a .n.ggp. au.up. inp.i.n.ijp n..u.. att gu. au pa un..au.c,ati,qn.iin..a.g,its.gg gn .p d..ut.a int.a.n.. in. gg a. da 3 n gr y*;

Tin.= =

iII[ gu an .m f !+4} +l.d Tq jf{t t.t mi y{j M n

!t; t :c.t!+htt.{h"H itti jttt i!It i
c!!1t&t. t}.

I gt.h m!in .le 4.{ m :t 21t+h + + i! !{n.c,.. tii *' t +t m I du g"rocL atmentm

n att toc m9nJim n;j 1m jp*t! j"jigj ja g=jjrijj !!*rj l*+g gjj { jj
4p~gg'; lp; ~g;I jig isjuigi
jg;jjjj tg; gg gg gj

}- p"p: u g =1"' f M i h+" t*w "t +n L =tt Tw a conc "w' n v.t n' + djj {t]{ !+p.t";*: = th...E. h du: tjn +jjg ! d't {.jit :!ga l fjit *gt jh..+t[t((. Eu pt} ??tt "!r[ t 1; t u tt

  • n* tin it jttt.mt,..

t+

t. tub pin n']4telun
  • t' } Pt; im TJ

.pL th! u .n t. .tt2.a z t. t an t. .u. s r:l alp .y. .. n.Jl. u.g..md.ij lm-rd n.li n- .o ..I t "d mt i;..9,[y;2."t. t;;...t.In.: .. _,n ti lill n"a d ..rF p tilJ il U:'h

i. u"tI n.: en t

!l /. nu du "m" ih n. t u at t" tfm "+m t v +p" q+ n"um: S..g typ t.g"jtn..(Elq1t nJr L}p jlp Lyt ptp n a +s i.jti:tpt lt"h:qj;: ipn tt.. t ~ n nn t ipLg.n gg [aqt: ;jt =un = 2pt .p d.

.h tt.

t. t. un un un_ n tm un t un a .a

t. n.t a t

o[ un yt. jr1t4h: :j*.p.?*!3.ifp.ni1 l.4 i.d.1 .tH" 2' - +h +"- +m+ ilh,ut (F+ilr-FtH "* t*i *1 t

  • n "-nd-y

+- ++-

u....

n..p t. 3a. ... r M 11+4ME +lP' u * *r .h.da3 tih +- .. n..

t. t:

e +tH +* ++ ++> "* u + an ++ n v

t. a

= +-r-4+tyt: tm gij mt + m}ttLjt tth; Ni tt r n+ tyj{it" nita.n ttn3a.. un br} :}tj mj :n't "h: tl"k.*tttp u.it{}ttit mi tp*L.lt{l+idp' +l..t :. nt nh 1:- tt tit t +gt i.n.pt nn ain it..ttit nt t rp. rt t

nt un a

Fig. 4

FUEL ELEMENT ANNUAL MEASUREMENTS-finiin! Eii$l,i Hiied iiiffi_I!E!#.! in.i_iiii!Ui.J.19.lui _f#i!!!! iin 5Nii YHi! !!Olii Ei lii Eit _!H = nij 1H+:thi, 1..N.i re =p np n .z mi lr1=m! tu. t M.: u.it ne-

  • F.2a-..

" 4.- ni H..iiln ;1 Ln i.n Jai", tut g.F: ng"en "in" 1.F"tU u. i dn

m..mz a

m n t t v t 2

. t..m....r
i r.i rna.tn..

t.=.

m..=yt

< Iu=.-. sm -- t...,ic._ u 1 n. .m s.i,t.::, I-. y n__r.at2a...t tu m. i mm <. _.a .n. a n n a r .~.. m qp np tm.<nh..r.1:d. t.24T.i.n a.n. se:1.,. tg! L.et err ..t m: 1; r. n t.ma.n.. ei.ni.t t.in m mm w ev i.nnip_n:uJr. uu h!1 IU! h t..ih. i.n. un.. :e... inn.ia.. E et n.q. ud ..a. t._ a a n t i.i.n..i.s.u: ni,i,.Le..i.i,gt igt gilliij ijg'ti. Hii :.r.!!itjH gli p,!i iiji lifi. !!ti.[uililtijii n.ii~ng !!!i i*1t H.. 5.lil !!g u.i.t u .g. .n n m e 1,fj Igi] I im; uHLd* !!j=t,j

ni
ug +++t: f +d"i::

uj it" t.ana F.t ii p.! ttu *m ut: t'n +n

tu +. tit'. g tm inc

'+ +!!tm g1 nh tm tt*t tit: tt =tm: inth.+a.

  • p

+++~ at mt hn: m: tin !nt nd yt! t n w m ji . + + ~fi,{+Nfw!{ja, h:*:{- f Ig} 7d.it. .gj yg d. v

!!.i. fs.;4,d1[Ja'j.j 4

f p en e i7, p - + .+g k*++t o.. idi =j+[ pt{.t ip*.- t".

  • n.n :. o..an

,, + {t. t m e ni.j:

n'+.

.J .i

4. +

+ r + . e r a N.@jjjj@. o .w[ljlju4 n s o

f4:

{3 Itt+N.+ih+hm!.... _ s.j,i i.N..j'in. illi N..ii..f. !!.L..I}N IE lid jan.H.jj Njht. i..lyi:LIy! ly.j II N.tj-0."o N.N..~.!1+. iN dl ,m'07 i. i. 1t 11 u. .a m,a. - 1n. - ';iH l

m. d+ - tn.i.24:~sjt' g;n-

~~t

u. eu i n y

~ t.ul i!}thih n "a Hir m.m v.p, h.. ~ .r.,.[ d u.

nn:u: n
. t t.g l n. ht+

u t 2p. i.n 1;. m..m ~ g n n .a .m a r a-. u n m mm +v un= 37 . + .,... + +n.r v P't l.prm. "4 mmjtptntyt:t t m: tin ntt mt spr il nu

"H~tm m: un n tp: nu tr+

R.t

+ E-ad my m*

rp nn u:ntrm

1.h t.tt tm tm t.u ihr n hu H

m. .!s un no a ilu t.n mt tri! n im d mt .t.u F1 ~i+n -.:4.+ E..Hd. .+ m. Ewh ..i... ~ l .c

  • m i, m.-
  • nt mt r r++

p...g. an m: m: d. h...iG..ig..j g}- m_z.i.=mg.n ::.y ..r. 2j:. .i.. ~j12 +~4 !m t-mt.Hi: int na + mn ,t n t +%+tt n 4-m .+ < 7 ,.e = .,m -ij mi2p; rht __t m;iii n ti-mi ituituh

t.p: :tapt jg.t gg-jg:

n tui igiatut !"Lge tjg tjg< mt 1,p:n.g:g.r Hir;vg un m: n n fil. t t d tL

t. na n
n. un
+.

m.2m t.a nu no.us 8 ninttd.liii.n~ipjgt fB ur ~+ ap;n ata a mt n un pn m: nu $* hw pn im:m m =t un ,+it nu + q:s:

n. m;rn~s.

t j nd;: t;n :gh nn gg t:44;n m e nu un ihr at: thn m^h gg.m mrt:: nf 2 t r a E 4 M E M U!i !l6.!$$! !!i!3! !!!! EE I.NI15!i!!iliifi !$}i.!! ifN lill ifE.:IN! ifEEli filiMi! lEiLi!!LIE!!N!! L, ng if1 td*!t.s tt mr =r ut: :m

fnrfglu*im igi rgiu e

m n F.= n" rF.no"1 HE.~R.,H,hm gn myr: nn n, z u =

m e&r!gg: IEI F IT

.E ah tut: a - -u.. n nt 4;p.. t ~t ,a.cn...t

n m
g3 t

H i:+th:. i{n...tgf ri!! l}}i Hg4. ap:p. jHm J.. gl.i u.+t 4 - .jpg. n2 =q !.t t.=il.l. tp7 . 7 i =cnn mtnp j4} uul.g. Mt..[E..l.gy m:

.m.._a p..a.

in,.# r._ :!. m....p., ..h. g t. 1 qua.tq n~

t..

= w .r n 0 F r i.

  • 1.n:F.hliF "di.'il.H]N.#n#a"n

.hH t* a**n#82.E "n."i. "m"r

4. t"tmi
  • ^

H H,.Fa:' " "ni."Th'p.

= =: un up.i.nt nt t.n {
p:

4 = z un :m :ta m: 3 :un n t i. 0 t F t h.d.~ t pp un v pl.tudrit rp"t p1..ihi Fn. ..n .,j yp11; j=y.- +lph.gg ni ., + -t..d..hp+:=t.r:h.u..u n tF+ in. c )!{1 t.n..! gi. w.!!! ng i .....r. nE.,9n1t n dr. wt

4. nn
m e.a fr

.r. om e.

t.....oe t.n i

t n- -~ ..n... ~... _~... . m,. 3 t .1it inp.~it:dy.i. 1 q.u! m u . s.... .uj 3.. w.. th. 24 +.. U+. 4 ttnt 20).yh. ng m+Lna-hp-a 4 ri...j!n !n! ini t tz.43ut-t.i.F:,h Hii tm rt: =n:r H:L>I!apw-m =m rdu t}- !' u. y t - 42 v = un at nu =

.n tH (.nmn:

t h;. un m: w4 t m dit_m: nn

p:~1 mi tH..ityt i

t.p trdt un i.je..ytj gp gg:ttti.. t.p; thtjm qs). mut m m; :. : t.aun g+h e .n: un y mt tm no mt a t tt 3 u.a. m L t tte

o;m Oy u n.r.... n.n.:..q -
t. F".".h:lD.F. :.

+- +:e & 12 L.tu.u+n+ m- + +- f d+ :tHI. 2.P: Er, tij +- p:- + rt +2 + + + - -+ tt+vm.q.+F.m + ti-- +p+n-

+n.

2.t ti !!.h-o {g.p: .t. 2 ... ;:r1t. in' [: .t .i_ 2.1 u-x un td i.hq-fm En mt mtun yp yg ng: tin. o n:t n:: nu n: :pt t"ip ji.;. r!n n:qt>n an:qp en t.;.; rn q. nn n-

t~I.

B g go go n2; pttat t .r.m :m 1. a != -n tmum mr== x.a

t., m.

mr nrv 1,fMyf j r n tm up ni1+tI:i ng: ut .!.h:dg nn nn Hn tgy En tm nu w..w.. t !m n.4 =L i ap

m:

n-ml.i.g;: nn 4 m; :m e tr. a.1 n.. z t.n

I n. enn :.

..rt :m na m mt y o L g o2-msu mmt n .rp.E.. i W@. p.u -.tj. gt.. .n.. h.. s. . a.,~: p;.qj jm. u.3.13p. q.u. qp. l.i.H..iij.j cl,it. nn w.::d! .. tin ;dt. +t t.!H..:

.n4.. a..

m..i .@. :r+u.. _ ..H {p. y. y n: t. nt q.

1 :

1. ny . r. y m o un ur.m o ny l! gem! un vn tity

  • niin.tm un t.dyr !un un pg 2h*png p hmn nu Sr:ii.pt yr1 n.n.a p: n..iUa"n r!!i. nu utr-

~ mn m

q

+ .I2p b n un un r

a m.

t. '-taitt .. t.. +n

t. m
~

u 3 . = -. - :q k-... m n .n; .Fn .. h.., grer t;;j-r+i nu !n.i ini an 2 = n ...ij~igi n

Att.um$

.t

u.

tin m; l,ih. p++-jih. nh gg-fi t m: l. +- - ip*t .r n

  • n+ un ng' tn g

a -o 092 =-: I t : t

+

p-+ ~ ;- + 2 +- r + + - +

u. -

qil ud mi an n nn m. a1 lp r-nu };n pu yp pm.jip :p3 L;hi.:aEt dljm!!n na mt tn-u

p:

t r darpdii :dtnn n .n nu an ut ttn+!m nii m .m :.4 .a ta

:m rm e

~: tun mt a a n t 4 ~

4.y. p,t pm..4p. idi un. d..,.n. n.

m := im:p:rmtrg nn = ~n..n tg..yn+4 g#n -ni.. - +n m in... c 494 t; % =+ +L

d...i.jh.atn.H. u Id,~

. t. >tgt.. t,n. a. n.; n F"n.Ed p ... i n..;oa

m...a.a.:

r n nw n .o at. a a. + it 3h. m...!rh., un [p..,n.L; lta :i.._pcl i tr.l! gL, thp ip] h._ n ..u .i... . h.. .g,..f ..U u...ni+m g.. ,, n.. ih.,1r,

n

=y.h..n..W. tp. p t

ip:

.t ti o ~1 i i:,h.t: nit n m! a.n t.a - u r +-- na an m m. r nn: -- e mme m ~ t- -++ n ~ nn un mt *miE z- "n IP ruct. hm !E:!st 0" !gi hm j4'y 62 ttu mt =tt ng trj. pu yp gp pr nn unxn vn gn drll.tth mt im rn w: att un un-du du.t; 8t tW gn un u-ni au na a .a* nn a .[g;: t;.p; Ljp Ha :ht nii utt tm qllttii tht ;;t;a :nt n en nu m a p n n-unam qp m an un n :qu =2tp .an nn :m np

. +
m v

m ly1 l. u. 4 a .. :m tm un Bn ID tm

m :m tm na su tm t.t t.!,[uij Mjj!.!i !!ii.ii.i..i!!Ii.H..ji.
F.i.t.!!.!..:i.?4ji.i.ii.lt i!.N.jjii !"t d

jh. tii.{l.u..i.dt! m"n. Pd.ul.isijd.. ii..4 ju.i Pa.H. tt tu. tt{i. i "a" .t : a t a ti ! l m a t

pn. pg en..-jip 1.5t...l3!.

+i ..i$"h.: t.dirgU c...p "hpLti: 3..l t ,i.p :f.!*glin nh-n"F mtv- .unm._t ~ apn41 t.rt.l 2a u rtr

gr..d..tn g

,:t!..q t n n ir-pu _m r.t.H.:.: t.d E. -

h.t u-

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  • cHw'I l. lit E wh...+ +.i,i t.m,.

hii ".+trun,, i-i im +-+

m..y y..n..4 AI, nu n

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a Bi.

d. da Hr

t, nn rn,+rtd, ". a"n4-4 n v., nn o

a h 2 n-a o snt' r o s -n O nn a=..=.. sn z m ma. m ig .P++. iEt t jin :th:!41!.j tii!, gtt t..pfgj E;Fu.1 tt +t

  • t 1tt ta+ :

tifof..it:titt"i.in:j :ttn tm It* tu: a. m.H"n}j-j ."+ t n t aat mj.H"3.. ty.tr nt t+ttnp: nn.m nnuij mt u t..t ttHn!!! u n t.. i;tii iiH mt un pn up.m ini tm

n niuitrtiii ttu

"!.i M %in im pr H ti:.en ati N.3:n}: fit: :titt "p np tai I!a it.: :tti fiil"=t!!i tt: it!! h.t d pn 2igt :^jI',TQ{ fil; ~tn ltt+1 $ti !N! tit: i.,c m jgt 1n nJt nt 'tti lin f tn....te =t tr n-m.h -t ne +- tn,i.m.gg I titu+t t ob ^. ium.;h. int .I}. it s.. r+t iim m t = usw a + er} hu u--t i n gts.gjt m. utt 4 .m ii at

  • ttt ia:

-g

.n dh int c.pt nt t.c hp. un ni un on tt..

n; at: a.: unm: n: t. n. m p -5 a n-w-n- -_n nun. _x

_ =

_n

~ }Ml illljll j. f h '- l:

l l-1 lLI
  • o 3:- +a.t :+n:

t' ~ p z. W FF M

  • jj{(

C *

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nn t:n: tin j]Y{ tjL{

l u

tit . gi - 1 : $'. y

.{ ((}

}" ' jL' '{ =l lp1 pMii' jft u 1 TR%WW L iL dq = y i H .pt in itt: lif .j: 1 l2

1 M:m!=w]
n. Im uti li! !T lrji j-

- I [t' [- . :1 t a ulj! l[ il gi _.:I :j - t~ 1 1 t % tttn 97n om gg igj q Li lp! }g j-l11 ijg j Az m temon n

j}}r a

g Inn un f!n nct t nj:9pmp y ujj u; jjp !g!- g lt m, u t a. r a = z w! h I i E IN b SN !!!IE$ !!!basIIlll pfi !! !!il III INi I! !!i) I 'N! l7tN!it N IN g ,wm in! ?!!!Mij@$ !!iijlliil HlHlH iiji tili illi !!iL !!!' !Ni li!! ill l!!L lB lili i! i5i 11!ilii in HiU if;.ilii ti{tiij y:.-j.I l"igTEHnr: rni nti i'ii: a i i!:: iii: :iti nit titi titi ii ~ tiy-i a s A tjrt ini.; p:jj..*H u i tt t t1 yli "^d G"I ICXIFSME# !!* F**8I fri :t "u it-s m n L. i.i.".. i i.i.ii.H.il-.Hj!.}{li.,jil! !!l1.F.2iiHIL IHiju; ntj tjn ;;p, ijtj jjjj ijjj g;j [p! ;jj l}ij j;jjgqt gjj g7 J.gj jgj jjg H. 2: a m.A q g .r., a q+i jL j :tip !!v ttu tiH .4 ,u .. ~

t nt{Ti.

lLlt:uti.nd[+gi [t z n n:: nt; Lpu (j ng t-t nu n-Hit i t .il ;l"!! in tr:1 j n+ li: :t o.;!!r;- .jI t ~ iliuiImp b. t t. yt 2 1u t tt n a tn c to l 5 IilIi!!i !!!iLINi jjl! ilE i!}i 3N ![ liij liii !F! IiE !il! Ill!!! !!I!. iill li! i!!i -ha!L!!IIli:: lib !!M.iiiild Ni m :iL pitfi;!! :nt yl@ta!il HM nil til! Ua iliniil iH!: t li !E! !w!I r.

p..c in nti liji.

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