ML20071E484
| ML20071E484 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Pilgrim |
| Issue date: | 02/02/1983 |
| From: | MARINE RESEARCH, INC. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20071E459 | List: |
| References | |
| REF-SSINS-6820 IEB-81-03, IEB-81-3, NUDOCS 8303140233 | |
| Download: ML20071E484 (85) | |
Text
[
Final Report
( Biofouling Control Studies at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station April 1981 - kiril 1982 February 2, 1983
[
[
[
(
[
m 3
W
[
r
[
Marine Research, Inc.
(
8303140233 830228 PDR ADOCK 05000293 G PDR
l Final Report Biofouling Control Studies at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station April 1981 - April 1982 i
Marine Research, Inc.
Falmouth, Massachusetts February 2, 1983
.l l
.-, _ . . , - - _ , . . , . _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ . _ . , . _ _ . . . - . - _ . _ , _ , _ - _ . . _ _ - . . _ , , _ , _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . . _ . , . - . . . . . . - - . . - _ . _ , _ _ . _ . . . _ - - _ - _ . . . . . . ~ _
Table of Contents page, Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 1 Results and Discussion
- Task 1
- Weekly monitoring of the intake cooling water 2
for concentrations of mussel larvae. 4 Tasks 2 and 3: Evaluation of continuous and inter-I mittent chlorine concentrations to prevent mussel fouling. 5 Task 4: BLmonthly evaluation of fouling severity to determine seasonal needs for chlorination. 6 Task 5: Evaluation of scaling severity in heat exchange tubes under tested chlorination regimes. 7 Conclusions 8 Recomendations 9 Figures 11 - 17 Tables 18 - 24 Appendix A: Counts and measurements of bivalve larvae sampled at Pilgrim Station 4/13/81-4/8/82 Appendix B: Results of scale examination 6
, - - - - r---,. - - - , - , n. , - . - - - - - -
Figures No. g 1 Side-stream test facility. 11 2 Side-stream test facility. 11 3 Concrete / asbestos test pipe sections 11 Discharge end of test pipe sections showing Tygon 4
tubing connected to titanium condenser tube sections.12 5 Tygon tube sections af ter 45 days of continuous treatment (the numbers indicate TRO levels in ppb). 12 6 Static mixers. 13 7 Chlorine feed pumps. 13 8 Test facility showing light-tight box holding chlorine feed solutions and pumps. 13 9 Average weekly temperature prefile during Task 2 and 3 evaluation. 14 10 The monthly concentration of mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae /m3 sampled from PNPS intake waters during 1979 and 1981-82. 15 11 The effectiveness of various continuous chlorination icvels on fouling biomass. 16 12 The effectiveness of various intennittent chlorine treatments at 250 ppb TRO on fouling biomass. 17 P
r
Tables No. Page 1 PUPS hydrographic data. 18 2 The effectiveness of various continuous chlorination concentrations on the fouling of concrete / asbestos pipe sections over a 45-day period (Task 2, July 7 -
. August 21, 1981). 19 3 The weekly average chlorine residual (TRO) measured daily at the discharge end of the treatment lines during Task 2 studies. 20 4 The effectiveness of various intermittent treatments of 250 ppb (TRO) on fouling of identical concrete /
asbestos test lines over an 86-day period (Task 3, August 31 - November 25, 1981). 21 5 The weekly average chlorine residual TRO measured daily during the various intermittent treaunents performed during Task 3 studies. The desired concentrations (TRO) for all lines was 250 ppb TRO. 22 6 Comparison of seasonal fouling rates. 23 7 Analysis of scaling deposition. 24 S
- - . - - . . - - +. ~ - - - - - - - - . , - - , - - - - - - - - -
+
1 Introduction This report describes biofouling control studies conducted by Marine Research, Inc. at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station for Boston Edison Company under BECO Purchase Order No. 69306. These studies involved five separate ta'sks:
Task 1 - weekly monitoring of the intake cooling water for concentrations of mussel larvae.
Task 2 - evaluation of continuous chlorine concentrations required to prevent mussel fouling.
Task 3 - evaluation of treatment cycles required to maintain system cleanliness.
Task 4 - bimonthly evaluation of fouling severity to determine seasonal needs for chlorination.
Task 5 - evaluation of scaling severity in heat exchange tubes under the proposed chlorination regimes.
Materials and Methods Task 1 larval monitoring was performed weekly by passing 250 liters of ambient intake water through a #30 mesh plankton net and preserving with I
glutaraldehyde the strained sample. These sampics were returned to the labor-atory and concentrated to an appropriste volume using a 325 mesh sieve (pore j size - 45 pm). Three 1 ml aliquots were withdrawn from the sample, placed on l
Sedgwick-Rafter cells, and observed under the microscope. All bivalve larvae were counted in each aliquot and separated into Mytilus edulis and other bivalves. The M,. edulis larvae were measured for length, width, and length of straight hinge where appropriate, and further separated into straight l hinge, early umbonate, and late unbonate larvac.
l
2 Tasko 2 - 5 w2re ccnductad utilizing a cpscislly dasigntd test facility (Figures 1 and 2) which combined the requirements for each task into an inte-grated experimental system. Seawater was provided by a 200 gpm Flygt submersible pump located in the intake basin of PNPS. Ambient intake seawater was pumped through a 3" PVC pipe to a 500 gallon constant level head tank located approxi-mately 15' above the test facility. Thirteen separate valved l!" PVC feed lines delivered desired volumes of seawater from the head tank to each of 13 concrete / asbestos test pipes. End caps threaded to accept l!" PVC feed lines were attached to each concrete test pipe via removable rubber couplings (Figure 3). Three test pipes were used as untreated controls and the remaining ten were paired to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatments in dupli-cate. Each test pipe (measuring 5' long x 4" I.D.) was inclined slightly at the discharge end to reduce internal air space, and water flow through each test pipe section was regulated at 10 gpm to maintain a velocity of 0.25 fps.
For the purpose of determining scaling severity as required by Task 5, one-foot long sections of titanium condenser (heat exchange) tubes were attached to the downstr,eam end of one test pipe of each of the five pairs of test pipes and to one of the three control sections using Tygon tubing (see Figures 4 and 5).
The five pairs of treated test lines were chlorinated by injecting sodium hypochlorite at the base of 18" PVC static mixers located directly before each test pipe (Figure 6). The mixers assured thorough dispersion of hypochlorite
! with ambient intake seawater before entering test pipes. Chlorine feed rates l
were controlled by variable speed precision feed pumps (Figure 7). Chlorine l
trea tment levels, pg/l TRO (Total Residual Oxidant), were measured and recorded daily at the discharge end of each test line using a digital chlorine flux
(
l monitor or an amperometric titrator. Deviations from desired concentrations were corrected by adjusting the feed pumps. Intermittent treatments were controlled manually or by timers connected to the feed pumps. To minimize
3 l
\
chlorine decay, feed solutions were prepared daily and pumped from flasks stored within a light-tight box (Figure 8).
The replicate chlorine concentrations which were delivered continuously during Task 2 were as follows: 50 pg/1,100,pg/1, 250 pg/1, 500 pg/1, and 1000 pg/1, (TRO). The three untreated lines were used as controls under Task 2, the treatments being continued until fouling was apparent in at least two of these. All test pipes were then disconnected, washed lightly, cut open and photographed. The contents of each pipe were remove, by scraping and preserved in formalin for later analysis. Prior to the commencement of Task 3, the head tank and feed lines were cleaned and thirteen new concrete /
asbestos test pipes installed.
Task 3 involved the evaluation of five replicate chlorine treatment cycles delivering 250 pg/l TRO in the following schedules: continuous; 12 hrs on, 12 hrs off; 12 on, 24 off; 24 on, 24 off; 24 on, 48 off. The three untreated lines again served as controls. Af ter two months the test pipes were not suf-ficiently fouled to warrant termination of Task 3. (However, at that time one of the control test pipes was removed and analyzed in accordance with Task 4 requirements.) When sufficient fouling had finally occurred, the remaining twelve test pipes were removed, washed down, cut open and photographed. Each pipe was then scraped and the contents preserved in formalin.
Analysis of these as well as the fouling samples from Tasks 2 and 4 was conducted at !!RI's laborat ory in Sandwich, Massachusetts. The samples were l first sieved using 0.33 mm square mesh to remove sediment and wet weighed.
I Fif ty randomly selected mussels (Mytilus edulis) were measured to determine f
! the average length. If the sample size was so large as to preclude complete
{
enumeration, it was sieved onto 2 mm, 1 mm, and 0.33 mm square meshes. Each fraction was then wet weighed and the volume of the 0.33 mm fraction measured.
Three aliquots selected at random from each fraction were wet weighed and the
4 dominant bivalves identified and counted. General condition of the sample was noted and any marine fauna observed were identified.
Ambient intake seawater was analyzed weekly during the Task 2 and 3 studies to determine conductivity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and ammonia values l
(-Table 1); intake water temperature was measured daily and these values are shown in Figure 9.
Task 5 was performed in conjunction with Tasks 2 and 3 by placing 12" sections of condenser tube at the discharge end of the test pipes (see Figure 4) resulting in exposure to each of the chlorine treatmer.cs. When the tasks were completed, the 12" tube sections were removed, sealed, and submitted to the General Testing Division of BE00 for analysis of scale deposition (Appendix B).
Results and Discussion Task 1: Weekly monitoring of the intake cooling water for concentrations of mussel larvae.
Sampling began on April 13, 1981, and was continued on a weekly basis through April of 1982. Only one sample was taken during the months of January and February 1982 owing to the extremely cold weather which caused sampling lines to freeze. A graphical presentation of mussel larval concentrations observed during this sampling period, as well as the data for the same period in 1979, are shown in Figure 10. A more detailed analysis of the 1981-1982 samples is also included in Appendix A.
Data for 1979 showed two distinct major spawnings, one in early July and a second 14 rger one in September. In 1981 the only major spawning was ob-served during early October. It is interesting to note that, for the fall spawning in both years and the spring spawning in 1979, water temperatures were almost identical (approximately 14 C) even though the major fall peaks of larvae were three weeks apart.
5 Larval concentrations for the major fall spawning in 1979 and 1981 were of similar magnitude, averaging about 5000-6000 larvae /m . In addition to the spawning peaks small numbers of mussel larvae were present in the water column almost continuously from April through November. This suggests that some small level of spawning activity occurs throughout the spring and summer wLth greatest peaks occurring as water temperatures pass through the 14 C barrier in the fall and occasionally in the early summer.
Tasks 2 and 3: Evaluation of continuous and intermittent chlorine concentrations to prevent mussel fouling.
Task 2 evaluations were initiated on July 7,1981, and continued for 45 days through August 21, 1981, at which time all treated tubes were opened and analyzed. Table 2 and Figure 11 summarize the antifouling effectiveness of chlorine applied continuously at various TRO concentrations; Tabic 3 shows the actual weekly average TRO values. As concentrations increased , both numbers of attached mussels and wet weight of all f ouling decreased. It was also interesting to note that with increasing TRO concentrations the average size of the mussels decreased until, at concentrations of 250 ppb TRO, size remained fairly constant. From the above data, it is apparent that icvels above 100 ppb TRO are required on a continuous basis to noticeably retard Mytilus fouling at PUPS. It was therefore concluded that a level of 250 ppb TRO, although not 1007. effective, would be the lowest treatment icyc1 to significantly reduce t
- macrofouling and still keep the possible effects of continuous chlorination to a minimum.
This Icvel was used in Task 3 studies to determine if intermittent treat-ment might also significantly reduce fouling and further minimize the amount of chlorine needed. Task 3 studies were initiated immediately following the Task 2 studies and continued until November 25, 1981, at which time the tubes
6 were opened and their contents analyzed. The results are summarized in Tables 4 and 5 and Figure 12.
The data show that the continuous exposure to 250 ppb TRO was the most effective although less so than observed in the Task 2 studies. The reasons for this are not fully understood but may be due to the length of the Task 3 etudies (86 days) versus 45 days for Task 2, or it may be the result of re-duced water temperatures during Task 3 versus Task 2. This same phenomenon was observed in previous studies at PNPS during 1979, further suggesting that temperature or seasonality may be important to the effectiveness of chlorine for biofouling control.
Further analysis of the data suggests that the duration of chlorine in-jection is more important than the cycle time; that is, 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> of chlorine feed whether every 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> or every 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> is less effective than 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> of chlorine feed whether applied every 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> or 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br />. It would be interesting to determine at what feed duration cycle the effectiveness might approach that of continuous feed as a means of further reducing chlorine volumes, i.e., possibly 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> on, 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br /> off, might be as effective as a continuous application but use half the amount of chlorine. Some further testing of short duration cycle times (5 minutes on, 5 minutes off) might also I
l be warranted to determine whether such a scenario might be effective.
Task 4: Bimonthly evaluation of fouling severity to determine seasonal needs l
for chlorination.
Starting in July 1981, a clean concrete / asbestos tube (identical to those used for Task 2 and 3 studies) was exposed to 0.25 fps of untreated ambient intake seawater. The tube was allowed to foul over a two-month period, was then removed and fouling analyzed, and a new cican tube was installed. This procedure was followed throughout the yearly period.
I
l 7
The results of the bimonthly sampling are given in Table 6. The two periods of heaviest fouling are those with the warmest water temperatures -
7/7-8/21/81 and 5/5-7/6/82. Fouling during the warm-water periods is ten to thirty tbnes greater than the rest of the year. This is shown by the increase per day in wet weight during the warm periods - as the cold. Even during the late winter (2/2-3/4/82) when water temperatures averaged below 2 C and i
no larvae were present in the water column, a small number of mussels were found, probably from the fall set, which had been dislodged from outside the intake and were transported by water currents into our system where they re-attached.
This may also happen to some extent within the operating unit which cau-tions one from drawing the conclusion that, since no larvae are in the water column, mussel fouling cannot occur. These small mussels do not grow during the winter months and, if one assumes that only small mussels can be trans-ported by water currents, then they could be ignored and removed before growth resumes in the spring. Since there is uncertainty regarding this possibility, it is suggested that inspection dives be conducted during the winter months to determine whether mussel reattachment is occurring and that both heat treatments and chlorination during the winter be continued until this process is fully understood.
Task 5: Evaluation of scaling severity in heat exchange tubes under tested l
chlorination regimes.
Task 5 studies were conducted in conjunction with Task 2 and 3 experi-men t s. The titanium condenser tube sections placed on the discharge end of t!?c fouling tube sections received the identical chlorine treatments as the concretc/ asbestos sections. Upon termination of testing, the condenser tube sections were analyzed for buildup of manganese, iron, and silica scale.
Table 7 swanarizes these measurements. Uith no chlorination, mangancsc,
8 iron, and silica values are relatively high, suggesting that the biofilm growing on the tube walls is high in these elements. With the addition of chlorine this biofilm is destroyed, but at and above 250 ppb TRO manganese levels increase tremendously. This could be seen within the concreta tube sections as well as in the Tygon tubing holding the condenser tube sections (see Figure 5). This increase is a result of scale deposition. The manganese
( scale formation appears to be an almost-all-or-none phenomenon occurring at the chlorine concentrations needed to prevent mussel fouling, i.e., between 100 and 250 ppb TRO. Above 250 ppb TRO, the scale formation remains fairly constant but does appear to be temperature sensitive. During Task 2 studies water temperatures averaged 18.4 C, producing a manganese concentration of 4.48 ppm over a 45-day period when exposed continuously to 250 ppb TRO. The same treatment over an 86-day period, when temperatures averaged only 13.3 C, produced only 0.79 ppm of manganese.
Continuous chlorination at levels required to maintain system cicanliness will produce a manganese dioxide scale which may retard heat transfer. This retardation should be evaluated in detail before any continuous chlorination treatment is utilized since the advantages gained from macrofouling control may be overridden from heat exchange or condenser heat transfer loss.
l l
Conclusions
- 1. Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station has a potentially serious macrofouling problem, the dominant organism being the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis.
2 Mussel larvae are present in the intake water from April through November l with major spawning periods occurring during the fall as water temperatures 1
drop below 14 C. A second important spawning occasionally occurs during the spring as temperatures approach 14 C.
9
- 3. Heaviest fouling including mussel attachment and growth occurs during the warm-water periods (May-September). However, some fouling and at-tachment of mussels occur throughout the entire year. The attachments observed during the winter result from mussels which become' detached outside the intake and are transported by currents to the intake area v
where they reattach.
- 4. Continuous chlorination at concentrations of 250 ppb TRO and above significantly reduces all fouling.
- 5. Of the intermittent treatment levels tested using 250 ppb TRO, those of the longer duration appeared best, i.e., 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> on was better than 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> on. However, no intermittent level tried was as effective as continuous chlorination.
- 6. Continuous chlorination at 250 ppb TRO will produce a manganese scale, its buildup appearing to be related to water temperature.
Recommendations
- 1. It is recommended ti.at to maintain cleanliness within the salt service l water system a continuous treatment of 250 ppb TRO be utilized. This
[ should be continued throughout the year.
l
- 2. Side-stream evaluation of stopping chlorination during the winter and starting in the spring should be evaluated as a further possible cost I
_ saving.
(
I I
I
.~ r- - . , . . . v , , . . _ , _ - . . . - - . - y
10
- 3. Side-stream testing of the thermal resistance of the manganese dioxide scale should be performed to determine the possible effects on the heat 4 transfer of heat exchangers exposed to continuous chlorination.
9 1
e 9
e i
l i -
1 I
i l
l
.-- a,.--..a e -,_a w .L.s .s_ . _ __.s a s _ _,
11
, 11 8 l l l r~
.,'p,,,,
P
- +
rJ
~"
- . .. 1 )
g,-
h.
-- _li E
7'h);;iu y,;,, .) y M 44 ) g c.-.A c' @.. 1 r
m
-+ : a .
e v
ng
~
.ll ,hi .,N :
y{j-m pay _.
ym '
- Q -le ip4*f/jw / . .
/
Y '....ff_
4 ,- _
/
VT /' !
v-f l
%.- <r.~.~ .
,, i
, . i -
_ . , . ,;j j
a:. . r w jS , . aur y
- hny4 0
wo )
'i ure 2. tide-stre.in tect facility. ,
- w- -
,& 0 <* *
- y, ii:ure 3. (:oncrete/ asbestos test pipe sectionc.
12 l
t*
- O l ,
,.t . , , a, ,.m
,t, 'tl'...
y.
..} J
{ , ,
ii -
N
% . 4
( *L t
Finure 6 Discharge end of test pipe sections shouint. Tynon tubing connected to titaniura condenser tube sections.
~ m
- ~ , 9
,(g;'J+r- -
=: ?
fL P n .'.'(.?
- y
. -g ,,
J.>. gr es. ,t-a F'
.. .. s
. . r,s.: . te%
l
-T '. 4 - r .~
- tgyn,sly.n -
^
b5.
- *~ , .,, h?
...s,e.
- N.l~g,[ ,[
Ml-l i*:~ '
g, y. 5.. ..s.
g
?-
... g e -
Yj s ;Y$ f
- , g
- ;c - .cly.f jg) {OO s l .
h l000 e
-\ . r '-. c'i
?'
,k : 'c '
r ;;,
t% . ,; {
e ., * .* s
"~>....~~a_.\*,,,<~
i i ti e . l y nc,n tube sections 1 f t e r '+ '* d.ly U of co.it i n ut nir treatnent ( t fie nurahe r s i nd i c.1L e i .i l e v e l :, ii. ppb).
13 i ,
l y
r I
e
&y i +
t .
E lf
/ 0* Static nix, A
'Y l ' ' .
n i ,
/
',I f
IL It' 4
>. , , - - - ~ . .. ; ;....,,,.
i
,anq ~
?!s .
hl7_.
y.
1 .
c et
h e 1,.,
- ?
20 _
i -
15 -
U ~
! Z 9 -
a C
U 10 -
c.
e 4)
, H -
i
~: Task 2 : : Task 3 :
5 ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' '
7 14 21 28 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22 29 6 13 20 27 3 10 17 24 July August September October November Week Beginning Figure 9 Average weekly temperature profile during Tasks 2 and 3 evaluation.
6000 -
e , .
1981-82
____ 1979 missing data 5000 -
l i
l II 4000 -
,i "o 11 e -
l t
l;'
ll
.5 ,
u 3000 - !
o l' it s j
u ll
- I '; 'i
= '
l ;. Ij
! 2000 - ' !' I i i i s s
. s a '
I
- t I . ' 5, i I i l i
' i g '.
1000 '
i l '.
Ai i
I ', g
~
i
' /'l , ;
'. ll
, \ /\ '..
0 ' ' ' ~~- '
Y,, ' i M- - - - .
Jan Feb liar Apr llay Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct l'ov Dec Jan Feb Flar Figure 10. The monthly concentration of mussel (!!ytilus edulis) larvae /m sampled from PNPS intake waters during 1979 and 1981-82.
16 500 - _
x indicates mean wet weight _
x ---
r 400 -
300 -
O e
cc v
a -
io 2 .
a x--- - . ---
a -
o 2 200 - ,
to w
c N
s O
Ca.
l 100 -
l X -
l I I I _ _
50 100 250 500 1000 0 Continuous chlorination concentrations (pg/l TRO)
Figure 11 The effectiveness of various continuous chlorination levels on fouling bimiass, et I
. _ ~ _ _ - _ - ___ _. , - - . . . - _ . - _ . _ _ _ . - . _ ~ _ - - _ - - _ . , - - - - . _ _ - _ _ _ - - _ _ _ , _ . . - _ . - . - . .
WN b
, p p
0
, l 5
-. o r
2 t t n a o
C s t
_ E n e
m t
a 8 e
- 4 r t
- /)
4 2 f e n
5
- f o i r
s o r l h h
/ c
_ 4o n
t
_ 2 n
_ /s e 4r t
. 2h t
( i m
- e r m e i t t _ T n h i g _ 4 e i . 2l s e . /c u w 2 y o 1C i t
e
_ t n
r .
as vs w x e a n m f m a t ooi e a m
s 2
1 r T
e sb s
eg
/
e -
2 nn ei t
a - 1 vl c - i u i x t o d cf n e i f n
_ s f o u e E _ o
_ u eO n hR i TT
_- t n
o .
c 2 1
e
_ - r u
0 0 0 O 0 0 0 g 3 2 1 i F
g& iU:s
$.t y*
18 Table 1. PNPS hydrographic data.
Dissolved Temperature oxygen
_Date Salinity Ammonia Time ( C) pH (mg/1) (0/oo) (una tN )
7/7/81 1100 15.7 7. 8 7. 7 31.4 2.37 7/14 1145 2.19 7/21 16.4 8.1 7.4 31.2 1.98 J/28 1030 18.8 7. 8 7. 7 31.4 3.90 B/5 0900 17.8 7.8 7.8 31.3 8/12 0900 18.3 7. 8 8.0 31.3 2.67 8/21 0830 20.7 7. 9 7. 2 29.9 3.20 9/1 1300 19.2 8.2 7. 7 31.3 2.15 9/9 1530 18.6 8.2 7. 8 30.9 0.86 9/19 1115 19.7 8.2 7.0 30.8 9/26 0915 16.0 8.4 7.9 31.5 4.63 10/3 0950 13.6 8.2 7. 8 31.4 10/11 1000 11.8 8.2 8.1 31.6 10/18 1000 12.0 8.0 8.2 31.1 10/24 1030 11.3 8.0 8.0 31.8 10/31 1000 10.7 7.8 8.5 31.4 2.88 11/7 1030 10.3 8.0 7.9 31.9 4.04 11/14 8.3 8.3 9.0 31.9 11/25 1000 6.4 7.8 10.3 31.9 2.86 I
1 l
Table 2 The effectiveness of various continuous chlorination concentrations on the fouling of concrete / asbestos pipt sections over a 45-day period (Task 2, July 7 - Auguct 21, 1981).
~~
Total wet Total !!ytilus Weight Number (grams Percent of Control TRO Average Average Line (grams) !!ytilus wet wnt) (pg/1) Number Ucinht Length Tno 1 211.2 3084 14.6 , 50 5.4 46.9 3.1 50 2 229.7 1994 8.7 3.5 51.0 2.5 51 E 220.5 2539 11.7 4.5 49.0 2.8 51 3 48.4 1533 31.7 100 2.7 10.7 2.8 100 4 61.3 2610 42.6 4.6 13.6 2.3 103 E 54.9 2072 37.2 3.7 12.2 2.6 102 5 4.3 447 104.0 250 0.8 0.95 1.7 251 6 4.3 940 218.6 1.6 0.95 1.1 254 2 4.3 694 161.3 1.2 0.95 1.4 253 7 4.0 202 50.5 500 0.4 0.89 1.3 496 8 3.6 195 54.2 0.3 0.80 1.3 508 E 3.8 199 52.4 0.35 0.85 1.3 502 9 2.0 86 43.0 1000 0.2 0.44 1.5 985 10 2.1 91 43.3 0.2 0.47 1.3 952 i 2.1 89 43.2 0.2 0.46 1.4 969 11 463.8 54800 118.2 control - -
3.4 -
12 501.2 69491 138.6 - -
3.3 -
13 386.5 46878 121.3 - -
3.1 -
i 450.5 57056 126.0 - -
3.3 0
20 Tcble 3 The weekly average chlorine residual (TRO) measured daily at the discharge end of the treatment lines during Task 2 studies.
Average Line Concentration (ppb)
Week of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 July 7 58 59 104 101 241 258 545 536 1019 974 July 14 - 56 59 102 106 263 254 498 477 999 893 July 21r 57 58 106 109 255 258 516 511 1007 921 July 28 40 50 99 103 253 240 494 487 951 928 Aug 4 54 48 100 101 259 269 493 502 958 950 Aug 11 41 38 102 105 253 266 491 519 955 993 Aug 16 46 49 93 99 239 236 435 523 1004 996 Desired C1 \
concentrat!on 50 100 250 500 1000 (ppb) b I
i 4
--.r. r,_ _ _ _ , - . ---_r-.,.. __
---vy+
Table 4 The ef fectivenass of various intermittent treatmento of 250 ppb (TRO) on fculing cf id;ntical concrete / asbestos test lines over an 86-day period (Tack 3, Auguot 31-Novsmb:r 25, 1981).
Total wet Total I!ytilus 1:cight Number (grams Chlorine Time Percent of Control Average Average Line (crans) flytilus uct wgt) (hrs / day) Cycle Humber IIcicht Length TRO 1 39.0 1733 44.4 24 24/0 13.2 16.3 1.1 244 2 63.5 2137 33.7 Iv.2 26.6 1.1 236 E 51.3 1935 39.1 14.7 21.5 1.1 240 3 100.0 5365 29.8 12 12/12 40.7 75.4 1.5 236 4 152.6 6776 44.4 51.4 63.9 1.3 236 i 166.3 6071 37.1 46.1 69.7 1.4 236
. , 5 151.0 11316 74.9 8 12/24 85.9 63.3 2.0 234 6 179.5 6575 36.6 49.9 75.2 1.9 238 E 165.3 C934 55.8 67.9 69.3 1.9 236 w"
7 117.5 9439 80.3 12 24/24 71.7 49.2 1.2 23 7 6 40,3 3907 96.9 29.7 16.9 1.2 241 i 78.9 6673 68.6 50.7 33.1 1.2 239 9 107.2 7000 66.0 6 24/48 53.8 44.9 1.6 241 10 117.8 $717 57.0 60.0 49.4 1.5 241
\
i 112.5 6699 61.5 56.9 47.2 1.5 241 11 246.5 12647 51.2 Control - -
3.4 -
13 230.6 13695 59.4 - - 3.9 ,. -
E 238.7 13171 55.3 - -
3.6 0
~
is
\
t I
.. . .= --
22 a
Table 5. The weekly average chlorine residual TRO measured daily during the various b' intermittent treatments performed during Task 3 studies. The desired 4
concentration (TRO) for all lines was 250 ppb TRO.
Line y tietk of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
- Aug 31 271 254 246 246 244 260 249 2f5 238 255 Sept 7 269 231 246 245 250 247 237 243 284 255 Sept 14 256 208 213 204 193 208 209 209 261 256 Sept 21 261 256 252 249 242 246 245 243 243 245 Sept 28 248 250 248 249 238 252 239 255 244 256 i
Oct 5, 246 247 250 257 245 252 245 249 263 255 i
Occ 12 245 243 244 250 245 248 244 246 245 249 i
Oct 19 244 248 247 248 250 258 254 257 251 265
~
oct 26 255 246 248 243 249 249 257 258 255 255 I:ov 2- 243 245 241 241 245 245 242 E 249 250
!:ov 9 215 216 213 215 215 215 214 213 194 193 I
t:ov 16 174 175 176 170 176 170 184 179 148 148 I:ov 23 245 255 247 248 245 247 263 258 255 245
.y 5 4 l .,
i l
r s
=
a
}'
Talle 6 Comparison of seasonal fouling rates.
, ::ange and I;can Uet Ucight IletIlcinht !! umber of Davs - t!ean Length I'er iod Temperature ( C) (rn) Increase / day !!ytilus (m) 7/7/01-3/21/01 45 16 - 21 (18.4) -
451 10 57000 3.3 t/31/G1-11/2/81 63 11 - 19 (15.1) 46 0.7 8400 2.1 11/2/01-1/4/82 63 3 - 11 (6.6) 23 0.4 2700 3.5 2/2/c2-3/4/62 " 3 (1.8) 10 0.3 720 2.2 l
3/4/G2-5/5/02 62 3 - 10 (6.5) 41 0.7 150 1.0 5/5/02-7/6/02 61 10 - 17 G3.0) 610 10 2100 13.0 i.
! U$
24 1
1 4
l Table */. Analysis of scaling deposition. '
i
! Task 2 Continuous Chlorination 8/21/81 TRO (ppb) Mn (ppm) Fe (ppm) Si (ppm) j ,
0 2.66 22.2 0.95
~
50 0.16 21.5 0.36 45 days l 100 0.41 15.4 0.13 i mean temp: 18.4 oC 4
250 4.48 25.0 0.47 i range: 15.7-21.1o
{ 500 4.36 17.2 0.24 !
1000 3.78 17.5 0.43 Task 3 Treatment cycles (G 250 ppb TRO) 11/25/81 i Hrs on/llrs of f !!n (ppm) Fe (ppm) Si (ppm) j control 2.27 41.3 3.15 24 0 0.79 35.1 0.19 86 days 12 12 0.20 29.3 0.11 mean temp: L' .3 C 12 24 0.13 22.0 0.27 range: 7.6-19.4 24 24 0.16 20.2 0.22 24 48 0.13 18.7 0.17
]
i 1
l I
I 1
4 k
, , , - - - - - . ~ , . _ . ,,-,._,---,,,._--,.....,,-,..~,-.-,,,,,...,-,--.-..--,,,._..,._,.,,-.__,,.,,,,--_-,--,n,,_. , . , , . -
l P
r Appendix A Counts and measurements of bivalve larvae sampled at Pilgrim Station 4/13/81-4/8/82 l
l l
l l
l l
t l
E M V'clu:ne 050A-h s vois , h {
. ZOOPLANKTON
,, n ,,
erse:reo i l i l' i l IYI lits I f
/ h w u c. - i loIol I n.331 IeI I?"
/ Atm,- n-,s w ar I n I n- l c) l lol l ol l
/ I I l- l l I I I '
/ I l l l l l' ! I r - -
- l. l l .I I I I I e t- 'l l I I I I I I I i
/
1 I I i- 1 I I l l 4
./ -
1 I I I I i l I l }
/ l l l l 1 I I I I 3 I I I ,-
l- 1 I I I I I
/. .
1 I l i I I I l l3 I I I I I I I I I
/
I I I I l l l
/ I I I I I I I I I l l 1
/ I I I l 1 I I I If
/ I I I I I I I I lE I I I I I I
/ I I I I I I I I
/ I I
/ I I I I I I I 'l e I l l 1 I I l l 1
/ I I I I I I I I l ?
l l l l l l 1 7
/ I
/
1 I I I I I I I I _$
, / I 1 I I I l l l lf*-
1 I I I I I I l
/
/ I i 1 I I I I I f I l- 1 I I I I g
/ I I I I I I I
/ I I I I I I I I I
! /
I I I I I 'l l I
_/
i l i i l l I
/ - I l I i l I i i i J I l
! 1 I I l
/ I i I I I I I I l
/ I I I I I I I I I !
/ I c_mnte y 7;u// eue 7-t/-st
"--c= .
i
~
- ZI
u:, a vaine A5% *
, ZOOPLANUON Yvorme h(' see:-~ien a2 rte:-
a rz =eco _
t i I l' I I ITI l-2, -l l[
/ A>,o,s mos ame i lol 1 I I e.nl Iei I ?
/%w r,cu r I n l o- l 1 l \,wl I to i I"
/ I I l- .I I l_ l 1 l .
l l l l l l l J l 1 I l .I I I I I e L-
/
/ l l
~
l l l I I I .$ -
1 I l l- 1 I I l l j
1
/
1 I I I
1 I l l l l l l l l 1
/ I I I l l
/- 1 I I I I I I i 19 l- 1 I I I I I l !=
l
/ .
j l l l' l I I I I l I I I I I I I l
/ I I I I I I I I l
/ I _
/ I I I I 1 I I I I5*
/&m rn,,os - I w e ll..yl l I I I I I I
/ I m o,ur d u I I I I I l 1 I I I I I I l l J
/ I I I I I I l l Je "
I I I I I I I I
/ I 1 I I I ! I l l %
/
I I I I I I I I l $
/
1
/ -
1 I I I I I I I I3 I
I l l I I I I II
/ I E
1 I I l l I I
/
/ I I I I I I I I P I I I I I I I I l ?
/ I I I I I I I I
/ I I '
I I I I I I
/
" I I I l l I i I I
-/
l i l i I I l I i
/ -
I I I I I I I I l
/ '
l I I I i l 1 I I
/ I I- I I I I I I I
/
I I I I I I I I I
/
% ,e y Tvel -
c,... // -v- 9 /
' t*- ~ g :*g e
" ZI
L:,* 11 Vclu=e WL <
. ZOOPLA.NKTON Y verw., 3% f. g ,y,n ,
rmeco i li l~i l IYl 11."1 Ii' I?<
th en 9 I9 Isl I wel I/oao l
// w s mus w w IoIiIol lo.3sl I vo l I
/ I I l- l I !. I I
- / I I I I I l' I I I 1 I I .I I I I I e
_f
/ I I 1 I I I I I l l f
1 I I I- 1 I I I l 9 i / -
1 I I I I I I I l !. '
l l l l l '$
/ I I I l
.1 - 1 I I I I I I I 19
/ .
l- 1 I I I I i i li f I I l' I I I I I ! l I I I I I I I I I
/
f I I I I I I I I !_
/
I I I l 1 I I i 1i l i I I I I l "
f I I I I I I I I I !
/ I I I I I I l f I I
/ I l l 1 I V I I \=
I I I I I &
I I I f
1 I I I I I I I I I $
f,L,nw em..,s I am.ur rier I I I I I I I l 4 l l I 1 l l I I ?.
l -
l l
f
/ I 1 i I I i l I I{-
L 1 1 I I I I I I I
- f
/ I l l l l I I I F
I I I I I I I I ?
f I l l I I I f
l l I I I I I I 'I f
t- 1 I I I l 'l l I l 1
I I I I I I I I I f .
I I I I I l I I l l f i I i 1 1 I I l i
f I I l l l l l l 1- I f
I I I I I I I I !
f c m. m a m T u # cue //-t/-fi c = =...x -
i ri, '..21 Volume OL i . ZOOPLANKTON r_'-sveruse h y,,
Fr2eca l 1l Ii l IYI 141-I' l l l
/ /lvmi.< rn'"is Annar //) I /, I /n i I R/ 71 I /u.bl ! [*
ILAure LApver iO I I- l A l l 1.06 I I l.3n l
/ I I l- l i 1. l l 1 I I I I I I I 1
/
1 l I .I I I I I e
- / l I I I I I I l ;i*
1 1 11 1- 1 I l l l y
/
/ -
1 I I I I I I i l j
/ h u,s ,.c.,, .s ,,, , yy ,,yg ou l y,3, t y.,. y},,,. ,...l l 1 l l 3 i
./- 1 I I I I l 1 I q I- I I I I I ( i
/ .
1 I I I I I I I l l l
/
I I I I I I l
/ I I I I I l l l
/ I I I I I I l 1 I I I f
/
I I I I I i 1P
/ I I I I I I I I
/ I I
/ l- 1 I I l- 1 I I
/ I l l l l h l I ,
e I I I I I I I I i
/
/ I I I I I I I I f I I I I I I I I I E 1 I I I I I I i _
/
/ I 1 I I I I I I II I I I E
1 I I I I
/
i / l i l i I I I I E l l- l I I I I I
/ I l -
/ I I I I I l l l F l l l l l l l l 5
! / ?
-1 1 I l 1 l 'l l I I l l l I I I
/
- 1 l l l l 1 I L
/ l l 1 I l l 1 l / I l l I I I I I I I I- I l /
I I I I I I I I l l /
Qa w ,m! -
cue is-vat Cze:este
- d@21 Vciu.- :
M ZCOP LAN k' TON w ,fa. .
~-e ve r.~." -" . Sed: wick R2f::-
"F.ccde:: 1 I ) Ii l l Y I ".b 3 1 l l h.' ,'
/ , .?'vriu.s r ma us ia wr I l1 l 3' l l l.th l We'. l l l [*
/ 8.e m,.g 1., c , . Ii l3Iol II.33lw,I l l
/ l l l- l l l_ l l l l l l l l l l l l 1
I. I l .I l l l l l e l
/ I I I I I I I I I i
~
/
l l l 1- 1 I I I I I I I I ! j
/ I I I I l l 1 1 I I 3
/ I I l
/ l i I I I I I I I4
/ 3 m w m n,.. ;.v= m ... I I I I I I I I i1
//= m,._,. w mi ' r.,m a'J l l l l l l l l l j
/ i n... u.4 ... r., "... I I I I I I I i
' '~
.. .: ..:;.,, l l l l l l
/s ~;,. . l i l u- w 8 m;._.. O ?q'... I I l l l l l l l ?
I E
I I I I I I I I
/
l > l l l l l l l 1
I I I I I I I I i
/
/ I I I I I l I I !:
3 I I I I I I i l l5
/ I I I I I I I I l 9 I I i l l 1 I l l ?
/ ;m I I I I I I I I
/
1 I
/ I I I I I I I I II
/
1 I I I I I I I IE r
I l l l l I I I l [
/
I I I I I I I I ! ?
/
I I I I I I I l ,
I
/ I I I I i r
-/
/
I I
I I
I l
I l
I I 'l l I I j I I I I I !
1 I I
/ -
I I I I I I I I I
/
I I l I I I I I 1 I
/ I I I I I I I I I
/
l l l l l I l I
/ l l 4 .m e w . , " " em: w s o _
C= ._:::=
l
.W Volume M2-ZOOPLANKTON Y'I""'
g' .
sed: wick R.t(t:r _
.. *Ft1c~ca l l } l l l l 5 l ls0 l l l N
/Afmes n,rus vs.,4r / I/ ld i I d.671 So l I i [
/ /kam.y ...,m., e, l /n I 4- 3 I Is:67I6eoI i i / I 1 I- l I l. l I L
-/ I l l l l l l l L ./
1 I I . l l l l l e f- / I i 1 I I I I I i
~
1 l l l l- l l l l y
( l -
1 i l I I I i l i
/ I I I l l l l l l ?
/- 1 I I I I I I l <w_
1 tionao wn w. , .
l- l I l l l l l 1#
/imono ma i. u l l l l 1 l l l l l l l l
/ l l l l l l l l l l
/ I I I l _
I l l l l l l l :
f l l l l
/ I I l l
> l l l l l
/ l l I l l l l l l l
/
/ l l l l l h l l 1 e l l l l i
/ l l l l
/ I l l l l l l l P l l l l l F'
/ I l ,
I l l l l l 0
l l l l ._
ll
/
l l l l l l l l l 1 "
l l l l l l l l
/
/ I l l l l l l l P
/ I l l l l l l l I j l l l l l l l l @
l f. I I I l l l 1 -l $
F -1 l 1 I I I -l l l l' i l l l l l l l l l
/
/ I I I l l l l l (4 1 I l l I I ?
1 / l l l I
/ I l l l l l l 1- l x I / l l l l l l l l l v
C C:ucte:iby: N Cate: /f'"!// -9/
e- ::t::
l L- - - - _ - - - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ , _ , _ _ _ _ _ ,
.g
C.:M Vclu: e NOL
. ZOOPLANrCTON M V*""' * {' wm aan-r a ,
.. .rrum I II l~ l l I T l *D I I l !?
/Anuarnuus um, o I/ l/I l o.471 so l I I2i "
/Uwm seum, Ii lo IoI l o.331.e i
/ I I l- 1 I l '. I I
-/ I I I l i I I I
/ -
1 I I .I I I I i y,
/ H I 1 I I l l l t1
~
1 1 I I- 1 I I I e
- I -
1 I I I I I I l !
/ I I I I I I I I l A l- 1 I I I I I I I 7
/3em.,x e m 1 m n . -
I- 1 I I I I I I 1 Imn' ran ne i I I I I I I I I I I I I l
/ I I I I I I I I I I I l
/
i l i I I I I I I E I
E
/ I I I I I l l I I I I
/ I } l l l i I I I I l l i
/ I I I I I I I I e I I l l l l l l 5
/
i 1 1 I I l
/ l I [
/ I I I I I I I I s
I 1 I I I I I I I _
f
\ j l l I I I I I I If-f 1 I I l l l 1 I h
/ l l l I I I I I (
I I f l I I I I I l
b f I I _i l I l g
! I I l l l l l l il f
e
-f I I I l l 'l l I h.
I f
- l l ;
I I I I I lj I l l l l 1 I I 4 f
f I i l 1 I I I I I$
f I l l l l l l 1- I' l l l l l l l l i l h4nce y ~73// cs:e: /%ll/-8/
l e- .= .2:
~
2I
' . ZOOPLANKTON r.=i vorme._ -
gg u,,
reen iIi l~ l i I Y I %'l 'I~ !f
/l 6 c nuus usvar / IJ l! I i 1.oo I /Jo l I I[' "
IUvas n, ewe inavne l0 l 1-l&l l I.00 l 190 l l
/ I I l- 1 I l' I I
-/ I l l l l l~ l i 1 I I 1 I I I I e J
I I I I I i
/ -
I i 1 -
1 I I I- 1 I I i p
/
/ -
1 I I I I l l l l l l l l l l l l 3 1
.1 - l l l I I I I I g
/ w ,, t m h yyso- 'l' I I I I I I I =
I I l
/aduo yahoo hu m co l I I I I I I I I I I I I
/ I l l l l l l l
/ I I I I I I E
/ I I l
I l l l l l l
/ I I I I I I I i l
/ I
/ I I I I l- 1 I l
/ I I I I I I I I 'e "
I I I I I I I
/ I l I i i l i I I 9
/
I l l l l l I ?
/ I I
1 I I I I I I I f l
/ I I I I I I I I II I
E 1 I I I I I I
! /
/ I I I I I I I I s' I I I I I I I I I
/
1 I I I I I I I
?
I I l l l l 1 -l 2
! /.
~/ I l l l l 'l l I E
f l l l l l l l l s
! / -
I I I I I I I I $
/
1
/
I l l 1 I I 1 I i I I I I I I I I- l l /
l l l l l 1 I l / I l
~
c.-intet y 12!H I cue &-VI-21 b- ==
- zt
c.:; a vcsu:ne 060' -
ZCOPLANKTON E=t veru:n. ShA.
ym y,n,. ,
r,2c: co I i I l' l T I ,t!d'l i I I f lbs rcm,s una, 7 l# I l ESI /,do i I I !2 "
/B,wa war l Ia l 5- l lsslicaol- l l l
/ I I l- l i 1. l l
- / I I I I I I I I
/ -
1 I l -l l l l l e f- / l 1 1 I I I I I $
f 1 I I I I I l l v l
1 I I l l l I I I j
/ I I I I I I I I I E
./- 1 I I I I I I l l9
~~
/s m,a m s bri n u
~~
l' I I I I I I I
/am y94o ~
' ~ ~
l i I I I I I I I
/su vc4 '
l l I I I I ! l l
/MuyM. I I I I I I i l I I I I
/ido.a/o/a s.v. <A I I I I I [
I
/oku x6n hre %so I I I I I I I
/dna s- in u.,ec I I I I I I l I
/Nu y /4/nu &ny vaso I l l l l l I I fo i ,y/ 6 , I I I I I I I I e f ad., vado Ary u so l I I I I I I l i 196a me'; 47r ~y i I I I I I I I I ?
f i l I i l i l I l $
/
1 I I I I I I l I _'_
/ .I I I I I I I I Ii "
1 I I I I I I I f
/ I I l l 1 I I I f5 I I I I I I f I I j i i i l I I l I f l f I I l l l l l 1 {
r _/ l l l l l 'l l I l x
! /
I I I I I I I l [
I I I I l l l 2 f I f I l 1 1 I I I i I- I l
I I I I I f I I l l l l l l l l i f I
!C:unted ty: If!M Cate: /9-l//~9/
c- :::.::
C..Q Volume Md' .
p . . ZOOPLANKTON E=d Volume h 24 - gg gg
. Fraceen i l i li l l T l A/~' l l !l 1 % unis u m , 4 Ivlx l l.4.381saal l l ?
/ Lme w.w an 135- I ao I lag.3sl3ve l I
/ l l l' l l d l I 4 l l
/ I l l l l
~
l -
l l l .l l l l l e l l l 'l l l l l l ?
I l l >
~
/
1 I I I- 1
.I -
l l l l l l l l }
5 I i l l 1 l l l l l l
,e
.1 - l l l l l l l la h.ro m s m o.83 -
l- 1 I i~ l i I i 1 tairadu "" "~
l l l l l l l l
/3Aurson an w, I l l l l l l l JaAn-todu.a seu v.u l l l l l l l l
/sbo thu ha n en l l l l l l l l ?
/sd roe.
~ ~'
l l l l l l l 1
'f'
/M-rMm. Em "" ~~
gy,,, I i l l l l l 1 l
lan . rde. l l I I 1 I I
/sk. xofo 4n u 8, I l l l l I I I e l l l l 5
/ni... xod.- l l 1 l to4% volm seu i, m I i >
l l l l l ?
/si van. i l i l l I I I $
In. var 6,v u w l l l l l l I I V:
/-
l l l l l l l I II l l l E
l 1 l l l 1
/
/ I I i i l l I I i<
I
~
l l 1 1 I I
/ l l
- / I I I l l l l l [
- / I I l l l l l I [
/ I I I i I 'l i I I 1, L~
L
/
- 1 l 1 1 I I I I i I l l l l 0 I I I
! /
f / I i l 1 I I l I i !
I I I I- l
( /
/
I I
I I
I I
I I I I I I I L,
Cx:~t-d by- TA!ll Datu So-VI-T l t~~ e:sts:
7.* l
W Vclume Nda '
. ZOOPLAN* CON 3'%pA g g, g ,. .
_' Volume "Fractica l l'I l' I I I Y ll' 3I I I[
j Arm,4 rn.,o< um,u t i E I ,e i I s~ u l u>o I I !?#
Ihe um, l4 I 9 I la l I 9.on i /oSa l l l
/ I I l- l I i- 1 i l 1 l' I I l 1
l l l l- l -l i -l i I y
/ - -
l _
/ I i 1 I I I I I ?
1 I I I- 1 I I l y
/
/ -
1 I I I I I I I {
I I I I I &
/ I I I I
./- 1 I I i i l l I Iw 1
fo A .ve s , E. m r.ua, - l' I I I' I I l l
~~ I I I !
14m ron, 2n ,
~~
l I I I I j
i i I 16 vase ' ~~
l l I I I
I I I I I !
l l I 134t vo(c.- '
l 1 f l l
/a(s. u/s. '
I l l l I I I I E
I I I
/Snm xdo ~
I I I l I
/ sso.,rass. ~~
I I I I I I I I I I
/sd.ya6 l l i I I I I I I I e
/ d w rod.. F . ,,eso I i l
in., xofo, w
I I I i 1 l
~~
I I I I ?
fof..ra,hm 6 ~"
l i I I l l I j
" l I fnwyn% "~
I i i i
" I I i l fas., yas - l i I I I
' " ~
I I I I lj.
j n o ra h l i I I 2
I I I I f ohm y nw -
1 I I I i /d rd, " ""
l I I I I I I I f i
I I I I I I I I
f' I I I I ?
I I I I
/
j l l I I I I I I
{
I I I I I 'l l I x r '/
f . ! l l l l l l 1
[
I I I I k l i I I f a l l 1 I I I I J ?-
I '
i f I I I- I i i l l I
, j l l l l l 1 I l l f
cu,: /-al- 9/
42n,e y at#
h--c:2:
- :-i
- .:; a verum. ASA -
- zooPuNKTON e voie.. .
h j1 y,g,,
Fr2c:rco / I / l' I T llar431 I I li
/ A mus m us u , y el I 5 I I s.5-1 svo i I i l ?
/ Be= unvu I F l /a- l I/o.oI/aool I l
-l I I l- l I l' I I
- l. I I I I l' I I
./
1 I I .I I I I I e 1
'- / I I 'l I I l l l i-1- 1 I I I "y j
/ 1 I l I I I I I I I
./ -
1 I I I l l q
/ I l 1
./.
I I I I I I I I I y f w :, i o s k u n u - l- 1 I l' I I I i 1 I I I l 1
' 134, v o91. l I I I I I I I I I
/am raA smi. I I In/n.,sdw A ,, ,e l I I I I I I I _
I I I I I I I I E 1 a b ro s . " "~ E I I I
/ok v 6.. l i I I I I I i I l l l 1 lotsrak e ""
'~
I I I
1siaaoc4, l .I I I I f e-
/an vis. '
l I I I I
I I I I
l I
l &
I I I
/' I I l R I I I I I I
/
l l l V I I l l l w
/
1 I I I I I l l _'
/
/ I I I I I I I I f 2-l l l l 1 I I l f
l / I I I I I I I I f i
I i l l I I I I
/
I I I I I l l l P l
/
! /
I I I I I I I I !
I I I I I -l l I g
./
1
- I i l i l l I l l I I I I i I i 2 I
/
/_ l l l 1 I I 1 I i
[
I I l l l l l 1- 1
/ I I I l i I I I i i cuncem t1r#
em: I to/-f/
i < - - ,3 =
- zt
1 h.:M Vclume EOL
- . ZCOPLAN'CTON <
l -
I.=.=!. Volume %'- 'f' w_
' ~.'_ g y ,..
. er2eeco I l I I. I x. lisl#1 I I I .i 1kas ow, u,- 7I6 I I 4.51 7eo l I I !2
ILw, um, 14 I is- l l /3.s l/4ao l I l I i
l / I l l- l I l- 1 I !
l / l. I I I I l' I I l / -
1 l l 1 I I I I e l-I I I I I i
/ I I 1 ~
1 I I I- 1 I I I y l
f
/ -
1 I I i l i I l j l l l l l R l / I l l l I l l l s=
/- 1 I I I
/ sm, u m2. sem ,~,, -
l- 1 I I' I I I I 1 f i ,.x i . ' ' ~~
l l l l l l 1 I l I I I I l
/ 34. x d_ km .. n i I I 15k xmin 4 ,e v ac I I l l l I I I 5
l
/ /
I I . I I I g.
/ms.r,tm La nee i I .
I
/3fw ub hrr un i I I I I I I
/s o u L E.,u ~"".o l I l l l l I I l I I I f nm ed_ As l I I I I j du rd., 6,u
' ~
l I I I I l I I e
' ~
I i f 36, v 4% Ar, ~ '
l I I I I I I
/ 36. rd., If
~
I I I I I 1 l I I I l l l l I l' nAnxaka M.e I I I f d. val I I I I I I I I l; l I I I I I I I L i 2 I I ! I I I i f
1 =r j l l l l l l l l g i
l l l 3 j l l l l l I -
/
I I I I I I I I P l
I I I I I I l I ?
f.
I I I I i 'l I i i [
/
- l l l 1 I I I I I f
l I I I I I I I !
f f I I I 1 I l l I i*
l l l 1 1 I I j l l l l l l 1 l l f I l C:unted W I Alll Cste: 10 H!!-Ql
> c --n.x II
C.:M Vclume 502- ICOPLANKTON 7.=d Volurde DpJ - .
Set: wick Rafter
_ _a
. "Fr2 den I I / l' I I I Y l"*/e.'I I l k fllvrem rnmis nour 3 lA Iil I #67 l 340 l I Ik ^
/ B,enus unver l I I a- l 1 l l 133 l 160 l l ,
l- l l' I I I
/ I I "
I I I I I l~ l I
_/
/ -
I. l l .I I I I I e
/ I i I I I I I I i
'y '
I I i- 1 I I I 1
j f
I I l
. / -
1 I I I I
/ I I I I I I l l l R
./- 1 I I I I I I I $
f a,,ro m A yue -
l' I I l' I I I I l
" ~~
fmL xo42,u l l I I I I I I !
~~
l l I I i
/s/% rde. ' ~~
l i I i I
EL, ni " ~~
l l I I I I I _
I 1 I I I i 13/emrogL, l i I I I l l I f sfou rim 2.u u.43 I I I I
I I f 34 rasm. A ~~ ~ ~
l l I I I I
/si rws /
A l i I I I I
I f
I I I e I I I
/ I i
I I I I I I I I f
f I I I I I I I I I E
/ I I I I I I I I ?
I I I I I I i _?
1 f
I I I I I I I I j.
/ I 2
l l l l I I l
f E
l l l l I l l l f I l 1 I I I I I l l l f
f I I I I I l l l ?
I I I I I i g?
j l 1 I j i l i i I 'l l I A I I I f
. I I I I I [
l l l 1 I I l l i
/ l J I i 1 1 I l l g f I I- l I I I I I I f I I l I I I I I l
l f I# Cate -!'//~9 I C unted ty-
< - .- c .
E*I
L.J Jveiume 85dt . ICOPLANKTON L'
rhVolume 3A"f-ga g,g "Frae:ics / I I l' / I I I I I I I ID/P I [
///vrin,s nws uev4r 4lTl l 4 l 4!3 1 3.So l 4'Jo l ?
/ B,r4ar ucear l7 l 1- l 5 l l '
. 4.33 l 5Gol l / I I l- 1 I I I I l 1 / I I I I I I I I l l / - I- l l .I I I I I e f- / I I 1 I I I I l I 1
1 I I I- 1 I I I "y
/
.I -
1 I I I I I I I &
I I I I I I I l l l l l- 1 I I I I I I I g
/eN y/N Eau cu.en - l' l l l l l l l 3
/Aw x du, ' '
I I I I I I I I I
/34waf% 47, ~
~ ~
I I I I I I I I l I I I I
/sfr-. r34u l l I I I lain xs_ nen ' "
~ '
I I I I I I I I IEF I I I I I I I I
/d_ vii ~
I
/ss.xd Im l i I I I I I l l ;
' ~ "
/3/e-vai., "
l l I I I I I I
/s_ rd.
- ~ '
I I I I I I I I e
/dail Fnn l l l l l l l I
\
I E I I I I
/ I I
/ I I I I I I
I I
I I I I [
/ -
1 I I I _T_
I / I I I I I I I I I 1.
-1 I I I I I I I L /
I I I I I I I l f 1 /
I I I I I I I I I
/
/ I I l l I l l l
[
I I I I I I I I ?
(
/
F / I I I I I 'l I I I I I I I I I s I
/ - 1
/ I I I I I I I I (
_f I I I 1 I I I I I j I I I I I e I I I I
/
l I I I I I I I i l c:ume t7- 72r// c m: ao-va- t< <
c - - e. -
Ir* *..11 vetume O30A- * -
ZOOPt.ANKTON
- v '"= '
- g s,ee.<cu aarter m
'Fracden i l' I l' l I I lI I I '
T l#/dl [ !
3 II IO I.17 l 15;L I ?
JAlmu.s eruus near a lI Ia "
o.331s,4k
/h,-- IsIeIa l I
/ I I l- l i IT I I I i i l' I I l
1 I
- l. I .I I I I I e
/ - >
I
/ I l ~l l I I i l i' v
I i l- 1 I I l
/ 1 -
I I I I I i ,1
/ -
1 I I I I I I I I E
/_ I I I I i l l se
/- 1 l i 1 -
I I I
//' A . % s.... A ,
l- 1 I I I I l
// . xd s. ..L I I I I I I I
/kM s u/L 1 I l I I I I I l I I I I I I I I
/ I
/
I I l l 1 I I I $
l i I I I I I I T.;
/
/ I l l l l l l l l }
/
I I I I I I I I !
I I I l l I I l &
/ i l i l l I I I 3 i
/
1 I l l 1 I I I $
1 1 I I I I I I I 1 I l i 1 I I I I I _T.
/
I I I I I I I I j.
/
I 2
1 I I I I I I f
I I I I I I I I E"
/
l I l l l l l l I
f
- l. I i I I I i i D r -
/ 1 -l $.
I l l l l l
/
(r l
l l l 1 I 'l I I l- / I I I I I I I 1
/ -
- 1 I I I l l l l 1 f
/ I l 1 I I l 1 J$ '
j I I I- I I I I I I f
I I I I I I I I I
, f bc.we ma c u ,: 09- w a r c - c..x 2.I
,____~___,__.-__.---._.______.-..__,.._________.____-__
2rt;5:21 Voluma OEde-
'~ ZbOPLANKTON 1%A.
b rd Vclum Sedewick Rafte:-
rnceen 1 l 1 l' l l l F l AL.Ml I' l[
bu,s mus uem ai3 Ioi li i /ao i I I[ "
R,vuv, une a, I l - l 1 l l /.67 I aco l I i
1 I I- l I l.' I I l- 1 I I I I I I
1 I .i l l I I e
!- I 1 I I I I I @
~
I 1 I I- t I I I v 1 I I I I I I E 1 I I I I R h ms n.,os m e,, I l l-I I I I I I I $
%m ' br o-u .
1 I I I I I I la I I vo xofs Arc m.a., I I I I I
- er ns,, F+ , u I I I I I I l 1 I l l l l l e- 1 I I I I I i E I I E
l i I I I I i l i I I I 1 I I I I I I I i i i l I I e 1 I I I I l 1 b 1 I I I I I I f l l l l I
l I
l I
l i
[
1 I I I I I I I I I f_
1 I I I I I I
['
e l I I I I I i 1
I l- 1 I I l l I \ l l l l l ?
I I I I l l I j
~
l l ! I 'l i I h
- ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 5 I
1 I i l I 1 s I
I I- l
! I I I I
. I I I I I I I I c=teim Tu# cue as-nt-w t- -ca:
ZI
C.Q Volume 050L IdOPLANKTON Volume Somb ns=a .m n.,
Frac:reo 1 I i l' i l IY I.bJt ' I I l [
.Alym.m rou< i. m e 3 I6 Iy I I r3316e 1 I I [;
Am., u m, sol a7 I 35 I lsi.3313rco i l I" I l- .I I .I I I l 1 I I I I I I l
~
l 1 1 I I I l l e 1 I I I I I l l )
1 I i- 1 I I I l L 1 I I I I I I l-hm ~m mv., I l l_ l l I i l lti 1 I I I I I I JQ I .I I I I I l , a
/ sox h sv= m .
I I i l l nov n s #. d G I I I ncvik s n.= 6m i I I I I I I l
/ mesa. c u. + 4m, I I I I l l l l
/md .. sv.d. l l l 1 I I I I[
I I I I i
?
nodoa. s.n =4M i l l
/mfim sn 1 I I I I I I l l l l I I I l na r n 5. u = f s _
tweL sn= O I I I I I I I e I I &
meden su-16.~ l V I I I
/em4% 5M =fh I ,
I I I I I ?
?
/ nds sbi., I I I I I I l y
awak A bn -
1 I I I I I l IL twaain s.n.= L I l l l l l i E
I I I I 3noAn Len des 1 I I
! sewfa,.. h e i l l I I I l s' I l- 1 I I I I I I I I I I l l C l i I I I I I l g
~
l I I I 'l l I l x
- 1 I I I I I I r 1 I I I I I I j I I 1 I I I I Ij l l l l l l l 1- i t
I I I I I I I l t .
I canted y tim cite G3-V//-9/
< ,. . n =
~
-t
cm verwa tu/
m vana, 3 omis
- 30 Mest' . Sed: wick Raher a
- raceo, /I / l' / t /I/I / l y. l l [
/%t,lus eduks-oIoI i oIoI oI l- J;
] *
/ /de:< /ve - /am e .1 Ixl 3 \ \ \ l l
/ I I l- l I l- 1 I
/ -
1 I l l l l- 1 I I .l l l l l ,:
/
1 I (0
I I I i
I l l l 1 I
~ -
I I l- 1 I I I 1 1 i
l -
1 I I I I I i
/ .I l l l I I l l J I I I I I I I I I fg l- 1 I I I i i I
/
I I I I I I I l
/
I I I I 1 I
/ - 1 I i I I I l l l
/ l 1 nv f. /ge e /v/,3 I I I I I l l 1 E
tab unici l- I l I i i I 1 ' ue x 16 6 I I I I I I g
/ 3 I I
/ I I I I I -1 I I
/ I I I I I I I I 6 ,
1 I I I I I I I I (
1 I I I I I I I T
/
/ l l I I I I I I @
1 I I I I I I i _a
/
/ I I I I I I I I i1 l l l E
-I l l I l
/
/ l l l I i l l I 3 I
l l I I I I I I &
l
/ ?
I I l
/
1 I I I I I I I I I I I -l l /
I I I I I l l I q
/
/ - 1 I I I I I I I i I I I I I I I l P
/ '
/ I I I 1 I I l I ,
(
I I I I I I I i- l
/
I I I I I I I
/ I I c:umea ty It zi cue: 2 / vTr .3/
c _ _ . = ., '
~
- z.[
- w, veim.. de 4- -
27^6-E4vorm. 5ed wick Rafter a
. Frice I l' I l' I !! IIfI/ l' I l[
i msrus s esuu s a.1 I II I IIeI t I- l l ?
l en/mue; LAevets I o I 4- i l ll t l a 1; l
/ I l- l- 1 1 1 l l 1 I I I I I I l l
/
- t I. I I . I I I I I e
/ I I 1 I I I I l l 1
1 I I 1- 1 I I I q
./ -
1 I I I I I i l g
/ I I I I I I I l l g I' I I I I I l l l 1
~
l' I I I I I l l g
/ .
I I I I I I I I l
~3 I l l 1 I I I
/ I I I I I I I I l
/
I I I I I I I l [
/
I I I F
I I I I
/ I
/ I I I I I I I l l p I I I I I I
/ I I
/ nyrys rwuc I I I I l h l I e 1 aos x 22s ami i l l I I l l
/ /4o 4 //o o w o,so l I I I I I I I l I I I I I I l 3
/ lew l x 1 in Ix -
.. I I I I I I I I 3 I I I I I I I i 11 I
/ B-
- 1 I l l l l l l 1
I I I I I I I I s
/
/
I I I I I I I l $
/ I i l l I l l l 3 I I I I I I I I 1
/
I I I I I 'l l I F /
I I I I I I i 1
/ -
I I I I I I l
/ I 1 I I l l I I I I l /
I I I I I I I I- l 1
I I I I I I l
/ l 1 6e sw LF~ cue ' M 3/ 19Et
- ~ ~ "
UU
- 3e inesq I
MS-
- .a veru=. ICOPuNKTON gg' .
sa w s n a:-r a
, Frueo iIi 11 I I -I II I I Ii
/ my rt o<s, eus ol I II l ol 3 Ii I- 1 I E oIAi
/ sowo wow Ial I1I al l
/ I I l- l l' I I
/ I I I I I I~ l I I I I I e r i 1
- - i 1 I -
'I l l l l l l l- / I l l I I l- 1 I I l "g
/
. / -
1 I I 'l I I I I g I I I I I
/ I I I I s
i I I I
/- i ! l I
l' I I I I I I I b
/
I I I i I I l l
/
I l l I I I I I l l
/
I I l 'l i I I I l
/
1 I i 1 1 I I I i 1
I I E
I I I I I I
/
4 I l l 1 I I
/ Nrims l l I I I I I 2]
1 i so x / x l- 1 I
/ ivo x In i I I I I I I I Ie l I I I I &
l l l
/ ~
y I I I I I I i
/ . . .l I I I I I I I I
/
/
1 I I I I I I I _l I I I I I I I I Ii l / "
I I I I I I 1 I 1
I I l
(
I I I I I
/ I I I I I I I
/ I c -
l l I i l I
- I I
/ -
I I I I I l I I
/ I I I I I I I I
/ I I 1 I I I I I
/ -
I I 1 I I I I I I
/ -
i I I I l 1 I i l I
/ I I I I I I I I I
I / I I I l I i l i I I
i c:.mtea w- & cue %f % l9t!
C - :::= F 9 % 9"
~ ;l
,:u verw=e
- so /
- ""*7
- Yverurne 30~/ #3d'/<5[ '
se s c* R n =
Fr2c:sco il I l~l I Il I /Ie le- I[
/ Un k. II,va lve t IoIo (
+1 11 1. 1 I ?
/ mf/o r e4h i I .t- Io ,t I .2. I o l i- l
/
l I l- 1 I l- 1 I I i l- 1 I
/ 1 I I
/
1 I I .I I I I I e l-
-/
I I i
i i
i 1-i 1
l I
I I
i l
[w l 1 I l l l l l l K
.I -
l l I / l i I I I I I I q
[
l' I I I I I I I I
/
l' I .I I I I I I TE I I I I I I I l l /
l I I I I I I I i 1
I I l 1 I I l l 1
I I I I l l l l ?
/ E I I I
/ ud. /os 4 //a I 1 I I I I I I I I i
/ I I ~
I I I I I I
/ re x i2o ro m I I l / ru x ue ro o I I I I I h l I e-I I I I !- E i / ,o x ito 9 0 .+ 1 1 I
/ rr + l l l l 1 1 I i ' $
/
i u x lio mu I I I I I l l l Y 1 iso t rio I I I I I I 2 l 1 1,0 xuo toe i I _
/ I I I I I I I l l j.
1 I I I I I I I 1 1 I I I I I I I 1 I i I I I I
/ I i l I I I I h*
I I I I
/
I I I I I I I s
/ I
/ I I I I I 'l l I -
s '
I I I I I I I
/ - 1 3 I I I I I I I
/ I I I I 1 I I l I ,
g
/
I I I I I I I I I k
/
/ I
,,uaa I I I I I I i
[ ,
~~. s n ~as g
@-- ::= 4 O
Z.[
Q Valums 060L I
Vclume h b- Se h: wick Rafter a
f'% u. -
. er2ceen / l / l~i l l T lit./ > l l' If rnna m ac 0 Iol 1 l l s.ssI .yo I l l ?
t,v w s w a r Ic l ig- l t, l ! is l1sso l l I l- l l I l I
- l 1 I I I I
(
I : -
1 I 1 I I I I e i- -
I 'I i i l l l l l
1 I i- l l l l w 1 I I I I I l j l i I I 3
%m nem mm i .
l I i I I I l l l l 9 m/m.rm mo .
1 I l l l l l 1
- l I l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
'- 1 I I I I I I E I I I l E
l I I ,
f I I I I I I 1 I I I I l l 1 I I I I I l c l l l l l l l 5 1 I I l 1 l l ?
l- l l l l l l 5 1 I l l l l l l2 l 5.
I i I I I i l i i l l E
1 I i l l l l l l l @
1 I I I I i l !
- ' I i l I i i ?
I I l l l l -l }*
I I I I i i I
- 1 i l l l l l l h.
l I I l ,
I l l i:
1 I 1 I l l I I i.
l l l l l l l- i ?
- 1 I I I I l I i Cmate:1
- Y#M C at e A 3 - f// ~ 9 I C=r.= es t=
. II
hf;fas! Volume r98de
. ZbOPLANKTON h
r Volun'e SoM , Se:fti+k Rafter
. "Frze: fen i Il l' / l ' 5 Ik /+i' I I l E ka mui smu oIo l0 l IoIol I l ?
wa ansa I l C- l 3 l l3 l scool l l l- l l 1 l 1 l- 1 I I I I e
~
.I l .I I I I I I 'I I I I l l .-
i 1 I I- 1 I I I v 1 I I I I I l l 1 I I I l- _I I &
1 I I I l 'l I w
)
f I .I i 1: 1 I I I -
1 I I I l l l l I I I I l~ _I l l l 1
1 I I l~ l l l l I e- 1 I I 1 I- 1 I E_
r l
I i i I L '
I l l l l l I i
- 1 I I l~ 1 I I
\
1 I l l Vi l I e l
I L l 1 l l l 5 l '
l l l i_ $1 1 I .
9 l
1 I I i l ~. I' l l 1$
1 > -
1 I I l' I I I _
I I l- I g l' I I Ii 2-
' l I I I I I I 7
P l l l l l l 1 I l l- 1 I I I I i.
- ' I \ l l l l 6 I I I I I I I IA F I I I I 'l l I i - 1 I I I l l 1 h l I I I i l I !
I i 2 I I 1 l '
l I I I I I I I- l !
. I I I I I I I e,tc 43-n-v/
c m t e s.7- T u //
< --. - a w II
~
C. W Volu.e N O1 .
ZOOPLA.NKTON l- .
77=st Volume l'O " g g gg l T lA),/# l
~
-reen i l/ l' / l I l'f Anas nous nem i loIoI lo.33 I so I I l ?
km nam C l 4- l 0 l3 l 790 l l l I- 1 I I I I I -
l' l I I I I 1 I .I I I I I e l -
- l l l l l l l 5
)
l l l- 1 I I I h 1 -
1 I I I I I I l- E A7,w< emu 4 m,, , I l I I I I I $'
.- l l l l 1 I I $
I l l I I I 1 conw '
's.v. '= h .
1
- I I I I I I I I I I I I I l l l l l i I l _
<- l l 1 1 I I i g I I r
l i I I I I l i I I I I
- 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I e l l l l l l l 5 1 I l l l l l @
- 1 l l l l l I E 1 I I I I I i _?
- I I I I I I I .s,.
L l I l l l l l I I I l l l l i' I
- I l- 1 I I I I I l - ' I l l I l l l a l l 1 l l l -l \.
l l l l *\ l l 2
- 1 I I I I I I h 1 I I I i l l [
l- l 1 l 1 -l l l i
l l l l l l l- I e I l l l l l l
- 1 Me%// Cue: JV-X//- O
< -,. etc
- z.t
4 VCitune y g4 j
- 30t/es/ ZOOPuNGN t.-e vorm, to>/ -
seewick Raner
/I ii/ l l T lbs,ul I pf
. Fr2 ceco
/ t1s,f. l.,3 e4h '
sI s' I y i I 7 I ssoI i 1? ~
/ u 6. g.w,tn > 2.3 1 a. s 17 l las.talaosa l
/ -
k 1 k- -! k I. I I f . ..< .a .
I u ; t. : ty.- l l l.
l
- - 11 ,
i 1.- l g
/ h n l l [ [j
/
1 H I- I .I l
- l -
1 I I I I I l- 1 y l l l l l l l l F l- I i 1 I I l l l f,i
/ ,- l' I .I i i i I I ?
/ I I I I I I I I
/ I 1 I I I I I I
/ ,c, v is o s t. ii.. 4 e l l l l l l l l
/ no x re <- J l i I I 1 I I I
I I
[
/ i so r no << ,, I I I I I I
/ ao x fo << ,, I i l l l l l l
/ ivo rno ., << l I I i l i I l
/ vo x ro ,
I I I I I l- 1 I e
/ rio r vo << ..
I I I I I I I I
/ no x rs si -,> I I l l l l l l 4-
/ i so mo ,c << l l I I I I i GJ i I :
/ vo x 9o 4 ,,
I i l I I l
/ no r vo ,, <- 1 I I I I I I I I i_s 2-
/ ryo x taa -
,, 1 I I I I I I I
/ tr o s k'o o ... l l l l l l l l n
/ n o x to -
<1 I I I I I l l f 3'
/ / < a < r'o ,. ,
1 I I I I i i I
/ no x vo .- ., I I I I I i I I n t n o x 10 .
l i I I I 'l l l g I I I I >
/ n o 19c - ,, << l i I I I no x f, << .1 I I I I l l l I t- n o x9s 1 .. l l 1 1 I l l 1 1 y
/ I I I I I I I I- I i-
/ l i I I I I I I i !
c_unies e d B uks em: /e - f - (/ -
2 4
< ~ = = l .n. _
Z1
Cs@ Vclume L So /
ZCOPLANKTON l Volume Yd^ -
Sed: wick Raft:r
. "Fraeden I l' / I' /I I- l T l'l)rs el ' Ik
/ nsh/o e4/c3 /a-ae /I o I /l I I o.<,yl lo7 I J;
/
dwale l ~n e s 6- 3l l .I ga i var
/ I I l- l 1 l l I
/ -
l l l l l l 1 4
-l 4 I H .I I I I I e
/ - '
l -l I I I I i
/
1 I I I- 1 I I I P-
.I -
1 I I I I I I l ?
/ I I l l l l l l G 1- I 1 i l i l I ~c I -
l- I I I I I a
/ ,
1 I I I I l
/ I I I I I I I I
/ I I I I I l l l l l l l 1
1 I I I i
/ I I I l E
l 1 .I I
/ I l l l I I I I
/ I I I I I I I I
/ I I I I
/ vo x ro st 4.-, e l i I e
' c'A Offg
/ ao no - <;
I l l .
i I I I
- F
/
f j l COO F
/ -
1 I I %-pX- @' k{
/ I I I 2
/ 1 I
I I I
gb M.f 4 '2 fdl y
[ /
I I I I l'- 1 L / I I I I I I l L / I I I I I I I I I I n
/
[- /
1 -
I I l 1
l I
l I
l I
I I
I I
i i
~
I l l l
/ I I I I l l 1 I .
i I ;r
/ -
/ I I I I I I I- 'l
/ I I I I I I I i cue 3 - T - f/ j M1m (L A n o/<>
4 c== au: ecay . H s t;..e rv ,
z.i
C..Q Velume
' M I- . ICOPLANKTON R-d volume Md- y ,, g
, rmon rI t l~ l l 1- Ii 1%ml l ll 1 MYrnus Smus Lh h Jl R. J l l lJ.47 l 83a l I
{l
- I
(,
/ Af % LA N s; 7 /o l 7.47 l a39a
-l l l !
i 1 ll 1 l H 1 l I '
- 1 y,
1 l
- ~
- . 1 I l
( l ! I g:
~
1
'l l- l l 1 i e 1 - i l l l l l 1 I [
[
t l l l l l l l
.1 - l l l l l l l ,y,
/ ,
l- l l l l l l l 1:
1 I l l l l l l 1 -
/ l l l l l 1 -l l l l l l l l l 1
1 I l l l l l- l l E l l l l l V
1 l l l l l l l l I l f l I I I i l
/ I I I I I I l l 1 f I I e s.n. l l l l l l 5 i nwuro~ l ,
1 trss w. w l I l l l l l ?
s .H- l 1 l l l l ?
1 frox wu -l l I r % > it u s+ l l l l l l l l j I.!.2-l l l l l 1 t39 tm 3@ l l I 1 rio , %3 ss -
1 I l l l l l l
/ 9 c- -w sa l I l l l l l l a I los ? Jo 14 l l l l l l l l k.
/ I I I I I l i I fi I I I I I I I I n
/
,' l l l l l Y
(
- I I l l l 1 I I I I I
/
I I I l l l k_ / I I 1
l 1 1 I i !
/ I l g 7 l I I I I l s / I I l
- t , I l l ,
I I l l l l h c:unte:1 by- (F cate: n-r b I9eI ,
k
< :st:: ,
l z.n l
C.. M Vclume 2 Id /
15',I p 2 o eled . zccru.rcan E-s vclume %%
. er2c::co /I / l' /l 1- l T lhcts,yl Ii
/ As 43 eM1 /<. ~.< e 7I4l 5I I 1s.33114641 I i i d.mla /- e ul 9l 6l l .l8M la7o4 I i l l- -l l .I I I i '
1 I I I I I I I l 1
- l. I I .I l l l l el t -
/ I I 1 I I I I l ji
/
l l l 1- 1 I I I 9 !
.I -
I i l l l l l l l1 l
/ l l 1 I I I I l l3
, I- 1 I l 1 I l l l 4
/ <1o x ro. 4 t /, ., < - l- 1 I I I I I I i l
f i2c x 10 << ><
l l l l I I I I
<- l l -
l i
/ /1o x 9 o- ..
l l l l
/ no x 9o . -
l l l l l l l l J inoxn .. .-
1 l l l l l l l l 1 ru x >s . .i l l l l l l .I l iz o x 10 - .-
1 i l l l l l l 1
/ ,to<>> ,. -
l l l l l l 1 -l 1 no a no - -
l l l l l h l I e 5
i uto x vo l l rid 3 90 D IA I 3 fl*
)
' <- 1 I i
/
i rzo x u a a l l g no " t i 110 < 10 a - -
l l ,, _
,,j no x 9a .. .. l l 2. 3 ' l X - 81 gfg y f
L
, f Il0 l '10 .- *' -
1 I I
y k
- /
l / /10 x ?o f l l I l #' 3e mefa, 2 70 A f
I -
/ l l l l l 'l l 2 !
/ I I I l l l l l 1 (
l i I l
/ I l l u I l l l ;
I / -
l u I l
/ l l l l l l l l i I i 1 1 I i .I I l' f
/
l l l l l l 1- la
/ l i l l I I j tt , e v l< s
&aw t! o n ,. 3 - r -r/ }
~ ~ ' " Ike o u. & = l5to f II
C.:M Vclu:ne A*DD 0 Zoopt.Asgros Fi=2L Vclum2 54. .
s w a w ie.
. Fr2c:sen III l~ t l I- lY ib m ,,,1 ;
I myrttui ewos IAcvw WI lol Gl l l s.co lino l l i'
- t. . I hJrou (Anuw Jl sl 7l l soo l 90s I-- 1 I F- 1 I 'l I I w -
.,..., i v . . .- - .
.l. u 9 l l 1 l c l 1
\- i s
- c. -
- 1 1 .
t -
/-
L L l l l' r.
/
l l* l l l l d u 1 -
l l l l l l l l R
- r. l l l l l l l l $
t / I i l l l l l l 85
- 1. / ,
l- l .I l l l l l 1
, / I I I I i l I i
,. / I I I I I l l 4 / I I l l l l
- 5. / I I I l l l l l !
- s. / Ilo x % M l l l l l l l l .
i
- r. / uo s v % l l l l l l l l
- s. / Ito x Tn M l l l l l l l l
- 9. / /15 4 % M i l l l l f I l e a / no x w su I i i i l l I I -
i i_ / nix K w I I I I I l l 1 I
, / /lo x 75 W I l l l l l I $
E / //o x 7F M i l I I i l l l d.
- 4. / //o x 9o 3H I I l l l l l l '3 3
m I rio s 75 en -l l l l l l l l
/ los' x W sg i I I I I I I I 3
[ Lwo h
- d. I <% x 190 l l l l l l l
/ r!ox er s+f- l- l l l l l l 7
- 3_
b_ '
/ N Sx to W I l l l l l l I g
/ loSx 7o S4 l 1 l l I E j
a I i l
- n. / IIo
- W - W I l l l l l l l k / i 9 a o c. s um I I I I l -1 I I y L.
/ /m x 7n sH I l l l 1 l .I I 1 1
$1 / r or , , o sq l l l l l l l l l; hr. , / !w v 7c S4 I I i i l l I I j O cue: /tr 4 /1 r/ -- . g cuore:t m 1
~ a= .
. ,~.- .
C..W Vclume .t. 50 g ZOOPLANKTON fo ~ j3 FE4 verum._ s ,+:-iek n arie- ._
grac:fo. / I /I / l 1- l Y I N x.,nl i l
/ mb/o4 e46 /6l /sieI I I /zt.y lse,s3 i ![ "
0,, !, e 3- 4 l l 3.t,7 l t > 7s h
/ d ,,l e l
l H V I l l
1 y i
.1 . . .
l 1
l l .
, 1 1 1 e l l p
f . ,
f u l- 1 I I l y
. / - ,
I l l l l l l
/ I l l l l l l
/ I I l l l l l l 11@
/ .
l' I .l- 1 I I I i
- 1 I I I I I I I I 1
I I I I l l
/ I I l l l l l l ,
1 f e x ro .= r r t .~.... e l l _
l 1 i E
/ ve r ro .. .1 I I i l l
?
1 no rro .. ., I I l l l l .I l l l l l l I nox90 ,. ,,
I l l l l l 1 asx90 ,. ,, I I I I I
/ no r 9e ,, ,, I i l l l l i I e l l l 5 1 as x10 ,. ,, 1 I l l l l l l l T 1 no t re a, ,. I l l l i ne x ro ,. ,, l l u l l l l l $
/ foo o s ,, <, I I I I I I I I J I I I I l l lj.
/ uo x to ,, ,, I I
,, - l l l I I I I nox10 ,, I l
(
no nc <> I I I l l l l l m 1
f' 1
I I I I no no ,, r, I I I I I a l l l l l 1 no vre ,, l l l
/ ne xfo I I I I I I i I q r
i ne nc ,, ,, I I I I I 'l l l I l l l l I A
/ / /e r ro - ,, ., I I I I i l I i i f/o x W ,, ,, I I
/ .:.a o uoo r.. , /<, v, L I l 1 -l I I l I i @
t u mo e., to v.,6 I I l l l l l 1 l j-
/
l l I I I I I I t.~
/ i c_, ore e d 6 ro /< 3 cm: 1 - T - (/ ;
~ c= .
EI
3:M Vclu.ne LCO f
. ZOOPLANKTON E=ivorude /3 m / saws une oc.,,.1, _
. rt:c. co /I /l / I e I T lx Fv l x + 1 l l Hitlos ekin all 3 91 +31 1yi 119tol l g
/ #
/ A k. dc-a /w I eI r'l 11 11.//11 l iya l '
/ I I l- l I 'l I i
/ l l l l l 1 l l e
~
/ - -
I I l .I I I I I
/ I I 1 I I I I I I i
~ -
1 I I l- 1 I I l l ,
/
G-
/ -
1 I I I I I I I I
/ l l l l l l l l l4
/- 1 I I I I I I l 4-l- I I I i
/ .
1 I I I I I I I I I I I 1
I I I I I
/ I I I I I I l l l l l l l .
/
/ I I I I I I I I IE
/ I I I I I I I I i*
I I I I I
/ I I I I
/ I 1 I I l- 1 I I i
/ I I I I I i l I e l- 1 I I I I I I i
/
/ I l l l l l l l l ?
/ I I I I I I I I l ?
/ -
1 I I I I I I I I$
/ I I I I I I I I Ii 2-1 I I I I I I I
- /
I l l l l l l l l
- /
/ I I I I I I I I l =
/ I I I I I I I l 3
? I I I I I I I *l
/.
I~ / I l l l 1 l I I $!
l l l l l l 0;
(_ / - 1 l l I I I i i I i
/ I I 1 I l l l l I i l
[ /
I I I I I I I I- l
/
L l l l 1 I I l
/ I l
~
'can,a y. d. 8 <* sol < s o,,e M-TE-Yi e-e:ts: ,
- Z.[
~
_ t1y n /a s edu/,s si:h
- I sI.de h si:k*a L W hing e .
l10 X 70 4 YO l10 X ) O a 90 I10 X fox 90 110 X 20p 20 110 A 70 90 1/0 A 90 90 ll 0 X 70 GO I00A 90 20 Il0 K 70 20 110 X YO 10 ll0 X Y O f0 llo X 10 20 110 X 90 90 //0 X 90 70 II0 x 6 0 90 1/O x 70 90 ll0 x 90 70 lid X 90 90 ll0 X 2 0 Qd ll0 X 9 6 2d l10 x 90 70 100 Ae)y go ll0 x po QO ll0 5 70 90 t/O A 9 0 10 LIO X ')O Po 12.0570 90 !!O & Ya 90 (O c 00 90 l10 A 90 20 l00 X 20 70 l00A90 90 ll0 X 90 20 I/ O X (0 70 ll0 x 90 ?d 100 x ')O 90 100 X 66 90 100 A 20 ') O Il0 X 8d' (O Il0 X 20 90 l10 x 2 0 90 l10 X 20 (O 100 x')G 95
/00 X 90 20
/10 A (v (0 11 0 A 10 16
- lie A 20 10 ll 0 X 70 YQ Ice X (o o 70 l 100 A )() }$
slb X 90 70 IIe X 90 90 \
tid 5 t'0 )p
\
Ito A 90 YO 11 0 A V'O }O ll0 x Ya 90 l1 0 x 7 0 90 t/01 16 )$
-f
,, - - , , - - --e v -.n. . - - --,n,, -ne- a, -
W Volu:ne 1 So / .
L , ZOOPuNKTON .
=21 Vclume 3A! -
Sed wick Rafter a
. ," *F.s-:fcn # I'/ I. I l !* ! ! !. ~. .
A Hvh/v; ed/> 0l0 l d} l l l l [
- f. ().,k. [].'w /ue
- ll 0\ / -i %. ~ ! -=;wd . EcXk r L r- -
{l
.h .. j . ' - l 2 c. l . .
l
- t. .- .. ,
l .d ..
l ll.~. .
- h. l l c. -
.. p .y l >~ r ,
i g 1 i - .
! .1 l l s
l l .
l.- ll l l -l I .<- .
l ll l 1 I l- ll- g :-
M
( l ? l L i I I k
l l l l ! I I $
t- -
l 6 : : 11 l l l b
- 1 I I I I I I l r I I i 1 1 I r- l 1 I I I I 1 I l 1 I I I E.-
' I I r
l I I I I I .I l_ l i I l I
pg @ @ -
l' i ll'
~
f 1 l pWEo SWg.F l 1
I -z o , I y.
q'5 - % ' M j l l r -
1 g50 N. I i 1
- i. 2
.i..
- I .
..)
. ..l.. ; j :.. ... . l .. l- -l l i- .
1 1 I I I g-l l I I I I ). i I
i l I I I l 1 :
l l -l I 'l i I H!
1 I i 1 1 I I gj
, l l l l-+ t :..:.Ii l
< l 1 1 I l-I I I ,
- l l l l ;1-l -
I- l {
. l l l l l 1 I l If/*## 'l d ~ ~
C:unte:i by- Date: ..
t I' . . ;.-:..~ x ;: .--et; a 5 , ; . .. ..
e == ..
z.[ ,,
p verun. 45d4 .
IbOPLANKTON wverum 3hf % y,ny
. erze:sca ; l/ I' / I I T Iv_ X.a i l l l
%ws ewis movec 6 l 1 l4l l 1.s11 aoo l l l ?
howe 1&,vor o l 3- / l /.331. /6o l I l- l i 1. I I l- 1 I I I I I I I .I I I I I N I 1 I I I I I i l l l- 1 I I i y 1 I I I I l l 6 nmms ynz,us tuvu I i i l I I I i l 1 I I I I l l 9 916cm s.n. m ; ,
I .I l l I I i 1 wl. s.t on- . I I I I I I l
'or 6i.. , s e n ,- I I I I I I I wd.. sb(n.e. l l l I l l l ro do,,m. s:R4% i l l I I I I E i
I l l l 1 I I l I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I h l I e 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I Y l- 1 I I
I I
I I
I I
l 1 I I I l l l l l l 1_
> l l l l l l l l l i I I I l P E
I 1 I I I I I l l l l l P I I l l l l l l $
{ l l I l 'l l I %
l -
1 i l i i l l A l l l l l l I l l l
l l 1 I I I I s l I I I I I I- I s l- l l l l l l l c.unt a w D tll cue nd-ru-9!
T- :ts: ,
l
~
)
Z-(
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ l
U..;~:n I :lu:ne i yyh . ICOPt.ANKTON , ' . .
i
/
E.-d Volunis 30 N Sdm. ek Rafter a!
(
= Frac:fon /I /l' / l /I* l l -I~
1 d/m7ve s ol al o l 0 l l l l j ?l f . l
.l 1 .
. -l ' ' - JWA.lsfv4%. l , ,-
l .. e j m .- ; .
rl
] l l 1 f . . '-
l . . c. . c ;. ; g.gm .
yy.+, y,:.
- j. l [ ,u - ., . gqp.;. 4 ..f,pr !
. .. , ,i f .- . ,
j 1
j j .
} l l
ll i
l-l i
1 b :.
fl
=,
l l 1 l -l gi
.I - L l l
/ I I l l i I I l ?l l
./- l l l l l l l l ,g ;
i . ,
l- I .I l l l l l Il 1
1 I I l i I I I l j . .
l .A,/ m i l l I I j l .AIy* L L._ L l l l 1 1 g.coet.ANKTog i :
i .a l -
E r
j i I W. I - -
f l 7 - X.I - S I . . l . ,. . . 1 .
/ l- -l 1. I 3>50 -@. 's 1 I I
/ l .
j . -
l.
O ** a - ,
i l l 3s I e 1 I I I I I I 1
1 I I I I l 1 P
J l l l l l .
l- 1.-s e 1 y 1 1 I I I I I 1. .I I l l 1 1 l'
t I 1 I I l I I I I I I l vi- l i
/
I i 1 l l l 1 .a --l . N f
/
/
1 I
I I
l I
I I
I I I i
il.
1 M
3.1 J
3 l
f -l l l .I I l .
. l.. v. l c.
l l c.,1untw
( f 1 I l i
l l l 1 W . l.5 E l-. l L / I I f
l l l l l.- 1.:w1!#.s ire.
f l l l l 1 - l > w1 Aw.1 : - .
Ic. .- l'$rr l:
e !
f .
l l l l l f,,,. 1 s - JL.- t'l
. (Z T sj. } .>-
'c.4. nta y 8. 6ruoles .-
< ,,. .n .x .-
pt4-c}p.
No 6:ealvH in c o,,ce., t . f<~ d Subcnylp. .
. 3..
z.g
, , - - - - - - - - . , , - ,-,ww-w,-,-,.r-----., -,..,------.--,--+,---,e-- ,---~-r- . -.---e-- - - - - . - - - .--, -. . - - - - - = , .
' ZOOPLANKTON I
" Vd""
- 3" g '
see=.ick a2rt r m
.' II l' t I I T IS/u' I I l ll
. er2c:ico hw num m<,y o I a. I 1 I I; I lao i I l [
hw uma a I a: l1 l l1.utI.sooi I l- 1 1 1. I l 1 I I I I I I l l .I I I I I e l 'I I I I I I l l 1- 1 I l l i"y 1 I I I I I I l' O
Am num l l l- 1 I I I
- l l l l l l l $
I .I l l l l l g o r/p. s u. .sgw mom h a e l I I I I I l l est
Nu u.e l I I I I l l l l l l l l l 1 l
'- 1 I I I I I I E I I E
l I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I l l 1 I I I l- 1 I e 1 I l l l l l 1 1 I l ! l l
1 I I I l i
9l
~
1 I I I I I 3
I l l 1 I I a i E l I i l l l l l l l l l l
[
s
' I l- 1 I I I I l
- ' I l l I L I l P
- 1 I I I I I I )
l I I I I I I [
1 I I I I I I f I l l I 'i l I i 1- I 1 I i .I i 1 ?
I I I I I I I l
- 1 I I I I I I
'c:unta ty- F* // cm: 43-n/-9 t ,.-nza I.[
Q.W Vclu.=e ZOOP!.ANKTON f 7.=zi Volum.e 3.V n Sed: wick Rafter ee=1 /I i l' / I i l- 1 I l' I [
/ L.4c s al oIo Iol I I I J [I
/ I 1 i i l l i l i l- l I i i l i l l l 1 i i I e
/ -
- l. I L .I 1 I l l 1 l !
l 1 l l j\
1 l l ,- 1 I I l '! e 1
1 -
1 I I I I I I i
/ I I l I I I I A
./ I i 1 I I I I I $
~
/ .
l- I .I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1
I I I I I I I
/ I I I I I I I I I I l 1
l u,-- !
l l. l l l
/ I M AV E 2 0 C s.>..'F .: I I I
/ I to xl - g) l l h l I e
/ I 1,
/ I lio '7. I I I (
/ I I I I l t fona. I I I I k-
/ I
/ I I I I I I I I I _b
/ I I I I I I I I Ij
/
1 I I I I I I I I" l / I I I I I I I I q 1 i l l I I I I I y I I I I I %
/ I I
/ I I I I I l l -I -
i' / - 1 I I I I l i I I E o
I I I I I i l i / -
1
! i I I I I I l i I p i i i i 1 1 I I I I Iy i i l l I I I I I I- I +
l i l i I I I I i I I Q,,a n r3> soks ca. 1+ - ir- 0
~ ~:nts; E ve n cente- fed $vi ggy/e/ flosel th ba l e 3_
- ZI
.-_.m, - - - . . _ _ _ , _ - . . , _ . . . . . _ _ _ . ,
. ,m,_ ,,,_.-,%.. --,-,.,y___,,.,_,.____._y,._ -
_ _ _ . - . , , - . . - , _ , . . . , , , , . . - . -r-%,, _m_,- --- - , . . - .
a vero da
' ZOOPLANKTON
=.=e verm e A g- % y,,
. erac:ren i l i l'/ I I T lisA4 'l l l 37 b s m,u; m .., oIoIb I Io Iol I IE "
hwr usin i lolol lc.n l.to l l l l- I i 1. l l
-~
l- i l I I i I
- - - 1 I .I I l 1 I e I -l l l l l l ?
1 I I- l I I I b 1 I I l l l I j
l I I I I I I &
1 I I I I I i w I .I I I I I i 1 l l l l l l l 1 I I l l l 1 l l 1 l l l l e- l l l l l l l !Ef
l l l l l l l *\
l I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I e l l l l l l l E 1 I I I I l l &
I f I I I I 3 ll l l l I I i .'
I I l 1 1 I I i' l l l l l l l l- 1 I I l 1 I i')
l I l- 1 I I I I I I \ l l l l D
- 1 I I I I I I $
l l ~l l l l l
- 1 I I I I l l [
l i l l l l l $
I l 1 I I I I s l l l l l l l -
l ?
I l l I I I I emaw iM mm as-m-se
~-c= .
\
~
- f;f::21 Vclume 2 fo / ,. .. . .-
.- ZbOPLANKTON 30'*'g. T .. : i 4 , ';. .
~
bvclurso
. g,,,,,,;cy g,7,,7 ,,,
7 . ; *Fdan / l' 'l' /l I* I I- I~ $
r &-h4 ems " :4 = ol a 1-o J l I I I g
. m.~-4.. % fa 4ane . . . = - -as: -
o, wa= l l zw.. .m.ww.:#.n v . w. -
s: p. :. - v,- 4 .:= .
-l. . .l: .
.:. . l .
- sw .-.C,r. A w .l 7 -.f.'.:.W 1 e .*:'l b ' w
,_ :_ qpg,~ Sm: .un.:. . y u .v. r: . ..:.s.y.
ronwf.::!;;;.: * . n u. . %. % i : ..--n ce.+J 1.?:D B5 l . " '
- S: n~*'W ! Mi ' i s.e
~
. . :. .r.; ..= , a .
. . , .7 s . . . . .x. 9 .. e.. 1. n ; .
. .o ,.s i .. .
g
. . ... . g -.. ...
. .. . . - o . . . g, g .
l j. p M
. .. p. ... _._.;.. .
.. . . : .. r l i ,.
u l l l
- l. g
. . . .. r ... .
, - . .- 3 , : <._. ,
l r l l l ,L.
, ,g . . -' -.,. ~ - -
's"..
l j l l l l l
. .--+1._u : u. n - c...:;.n. -
le. . n , l l .l -.
. .y .._. .
...,i.. . a,. n.w ~. .l..y : l ,.l.,.l .l l l. .
,. . . . . . ... - . s . 2.. ..
l .... u_ l .. ~ c l. .l l 1 . . . . . . . . -
l
.= ,
l ,.j. .l ..
l,
.f. ,. ,
l e
u q .
l l l . .., l . .g.=
4 ; r-
.f .
h f yAg, f-g Dqgm g : :" l ".
-(
. .. .. . . .l , .
l <. .
.i.- .. n ..
zp d s w et.c . ..
..:........ .. , e .
l ,.,
1 . . ... . . ......~ ..
.l _y~q\ : . .l -
+... ....; . . . . . . . . . .... . . g ;
l
. ... , gg o @ g .l ... .
g
- p.-.r. .n....-- ...:..,.. .
.....j. s ,.-l .-
g
_w
.,. .. .. m. ..,. e .. , -
.:.j..... . i i j .l l y . . j .. . . 3.,.
. . . . ,. .. 1. .,.....l.. .
- l. l .. l j .. l ,
c.
. 4 . ,... . ... . ., ,c e 2 .
. ( ._ . . l
.l l. l j. l i
.M
- f. .
. . . .. s .a ; . e
-l l. l l . l .. g
. ,,m . . . .....:....
l g l l u l l 3, 3
c ;. . .
l l l- l l l . -- l l l l 1 l I -
I N 1.
l l
l l
l l
l l -l-l 1 l--
I l
hn I
l <. l l l l .I I 1 .r ,
l '
\. l I -I- l- l l .- l l l l l 1 I aag 13 t%s b c ,,,. & -K-1.1. .,,
\ r~~ ~ nts . . w. . . . .~' .: ..... :s . n. . .-
- ~ .mq.'.. _,,
l*- ..--*
s . . .' - - .
.~ ' ...-.:.
.~.~.
~
z.g
.9__,
C..'M Volume AdA IbOPLANKTON F Volume hd. re:f wick a2rter grac: co i.I / l' / l 1- 1 I I Ii Ariu<s nu&s reevne oIoI6 I I l l I )? "
Aeus m.i mes o o- o ,
I I I l b - evAlvemuu o Io I'o l i I I I
'~ l i I I I I I
( - -
1 I .l l l l l e
- ' I I i I ! I I i I I I- 1 I I I i
-(- -
1 I I I I I l $
' I I I l I I I l
.' I i i l l I I s
/ .
1 I I I I I I i
- 1 I I I I I i l
' l I l I i l l I
' ' I I I I i l l l _
' I I I I i I i E E
~' l l l l l l 1
/ l l I I I I l l
' I I I I 'I I l (Y '
' I I I I I I I c.
e l 1 l l l l l 5 i i l l I I %,
' 1 I I l l V
< l ,
i r .
l l l l l l l 3
/ I I I I I I I If2 1
I I i l I l e-e i l l I i [
~ E i- . I I I I I o
- ' I l l 1 l l l t
' I i l i l l l $
' l l l l 'l l l >
1 I I I I I I i i
1 I I I l l l r i I 1 I I I I i !
' I I I I I i l ~
}
1 I I I I I l l Icm eTaul em: /7-v///-WL 1 c--e:x:
I-(
r --
- . ..
- .;. = - ... ..
., :mpa.wron .:. .
=. ..:~; w :'.=. v- --
~
a vera e-
.. . -....3 d. _l. ... .. _
- .... c:. .
su e= nan ~.r - a m.
/l I.
. : :f;. . .. . .~ c . . =rnese. , /lt I. l - l '. l. a c jj.Q..hj~,.ffs ^
pl cl '
f cl- .l
- \
. .i m- .V :.M . l -: l
. . . pgg.:p,. gly ,,. -::= - .p > . 4~ ! ylswn;ggyfig.):: ..: ; .-
.- . ;.~. w n w x m .:.v .y r.- ,,..--
. g . . .g . l .. ..! . .Agm,g ; .,;l .
.. ; . " v C f'; % d t i % +.+ .'.:
. .. . . N o ? N :' :.' - t:GW 3X4 %
. % !$iC't-n3st.D::
.o.p.;.q. 4.s.n .;, .
' 1: c. . p:., .
.:- :y mmm m & Wtnly.- g.-
. ..<;...-~ ..
.- . .,,c..... ..
.g.-.mmm my z.y y
. . g......... . . . .. , .
p ma;-ggm my;.g u. .
t.... .
l ... ...e..q m p.m wl; gram;g; c .. .
l v e-wmg n .1 9y m .y .
=
.t - - - .
l :l c.nsj.;tw:.[ ....l. -. l . 9
(.. ..... .
,.,.. .-7 l...... u a ;; l.:,~ ,j: g ,5 p r,.4:j.l- y.c l
)
..l...-l . ,.l q .:,.-pl 2,7 l
.f. l .
l .) l -l.:. wln.ec p - l.
- r. - - - . - . -
l
.l l- 2-i .=l l
...l . .l .=
.,. m.,..... . .. . . .
l l u <.
l l =
,. .. . g s-l l l .l l l
~
' ~
I i I l...3 gj[7;r g -t - % 2 Idde. Zoo .l.- l .
n . < .. . . . . . -... . .
I1 .
- . a,. ,. , ..; e-t .
.-:s ~
-l ., .~
g(, fg'h($ . .
e.
- l. $
w
- i. % -
g , l
. N, l
,y l . .l. - l -; .. l . . .: l , ,
l l
- l. l .l .. j..~.s t # .l .
1... .i,i,
. j ... . - l - { ._,-h-sus q .M a. c.
l .: l e.s. l ~.c 1.mr.eungmlw. .
3
( . i. .. . . .. . . ~- ..- .
l l. l. 6 v.l w.w l .u.: . l . , ,
,~~.
. , . _. 3. . . . . . .. l l l l .[ -l 7
. ..... l- l l- l .. .l .z l -l t
l l.. .l.. i... -l .,. . . . l :
. ; g l s. .,+.. . .;.- .
. l .. . l ..;.-; p rs:.; w .q..w ,,,1 x. r l. . y
( 1 .. . .. .
ix .. l e .l# , w ,jyg t..:g
. #.;t.. ,,
l ,. . .
l- l .. - l .wM;maqaww .1:.. '.
l
., l ,- l -;, m rl4wesee m 1 w wl-- n l l l . g ms.t.+ - l . l 8 Qw 8 Ab /< t one 2.1 -E D :. (.m .
- g , ;.
~ ~ e-*. tr
.. . . . .. ...,f.,,
,; q
, W"Q.,t%.m.X;.,,~,..<
a.,s .a . .
. . . ; . . . . .a~ . - 7.. a. , =. .
, yM
~. .
z.g
.;. =
e
LQ Volume NOJ-
. ICOPLANKTON
=.=::t verume 30mf. g er2c:sco i l i l' / l 1- 1 I I l l Am 'nus sem oI8 Io l I I I I l ["
%w suanGra wm o l n- l c l l l l l
>.rit l l- .I I I I l
- ,c j s l I I I I ne - -
l 1 . I I I I l g\
- - <- 1 l l l l l l ll 1
1 I
I i-I 1
I I
I I
I l
I
- l s
2 X
< l i l i I I I i t- 1 I I I I I I is ~
.- t.
I I I I I I I a
~
"< l l I I I I I I i l l I I I I I l
-> I I I I I I l l 1 I I 1 I I i !
E__
I I I l r
'/ -
1 I I
-r -
[ l l 1 I I l
.I I ; ; I I I
- 1 I I I I I I c
'- l l l l l l l
<- I I I l l h,
t- -
l- 1
. : : pa .. - -
l l l l l l l 9' i- . .
I I I l .I I I 0 l i l l j_.
r I I i
- e -
1 I I I I I l i- l i l i l l l P f
I l- 1 I I I I i l t l I l l ?>
i .u - 1 I I I I I I (
E
~
' I l 1 l 'l l I
-'- - 1 i l I i l I f
- i. - > I I I I I I I s l I I I r i 1 1 I I i '
I I I I I I l l l
' l l l l l l l l (t:1 M C3tt*. !b f~~
<-e=
-(
W Volu m s M A. - ZbOPLANKTON
=iVolunie 30 4 wm n,ca, .
-erac::co i l'i l' i l Ix IAb431 l' l l W m rwrn uses oIoIol I I' I I l 2 heem ser./meur ~o O- l 0 l l l me- n,wr urer ol i 1 'I -l Iot,7I so l I e- -
l l l l l~ l 1
- r. -
l l .I I I l l g
- /- -
I 'l I I I I I i r -
I i l- 1 I I l ;
I- -
1 I I I I I i 3
( l i I I I I l l
.( l I I I I I I $ ~
/ .
1 I I I I I l ?
i l i I i l l I I e f I I I I I I I e
1 I l I I i I _
1 l l 1 I I I e -
iE E 'I
/ l l l l f
I l l
- / I l l l l l 1
/ -
l- 1 -l I 'I I I 4 1 l l l V l l =\
1- -
l l l l l l k i - - --
l 1 l l l l l
?
r . - 1 l l l l l 1
/-
- 1 1 I I I I I f
/ l 1 l l l l l f" r
e -
l l l 1 I I
<- 1 I I i i l I if
?
1- -
1 I i .. I i 1 ?
r I l I I I I
?
' l l l l I I I ;
r - l l l l 'l i I ;
l - 1 I I I I I I E I , I I I I I I j 1 I l l l g i l l .
I I I I I I I
- 1 I I I I I I c .mtet ty-T/I// one 17-!////-9L
"- ca: .
1
~
MVolume Ndl- -
ZOOPL\.NKTON
~
=tverume 36 -
se:f- .ica aarte:. m
-er2c::co i l-) l'I i 1- 1 I I l [
mius nou N e w oIo Iol I I I I I[ "
m u see m m r o I o- o l l l rewc w&w aem oIe I o -l l l l l 1 l l l l l l
. r.
1 I . l l l l l q g
~
1 I I I I I I )
1 i- 1 I I I IL
-(- -
1 I I I I I l !
( I l l I I I I -.
I
/- l 1 I I I I I w
/ .
l I l l l l l 1
- 1 I I I l l l l I i 1
< l l I I I I ,
/ I I I I I I I _
< l l I 1 I I I i_E l
/ l l l l 1 fl l l
- / I I I I I I l l
~
1-l- 1 I I 'I I i 1
-n -
1 I I I l i I e ,
1-. . - - -
l 1 l l l l l Q!
. i ... .. ......
l g g..l l l l r .. .
l- ,
( l l l l 1
/- -
I I I I I I i f.
/
l l l l 1 I I j.
l I I l l l
<- 1 I I I I I I f
' - 1 I I I I I ?
l l
I i l I I I O I i l I i I i I 'I 5 4
1 I I I 'l l I l
I I I I I I I l ,
I I I I i i I g l l l .I I I !
1
- : l l l l l l l l )t
- 1 I I I I I I l i ntet gTAfII cuc if-VIU -@-
- - e:= ,
. - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ _ _ a o
- :11 Voluna NO l- '
. ZOOPLANKTON stvorume h { y , ,,
~
Fr2c:ica I l~ i fI l l Y l#o431 l l l ri u k u u si u w e oIoIoI i I' I I l 2 n,cm w.rume ~o Io 1o i I l l anao. ,JA we u n a >
I l 1, l~i l i 133 I u,o l l 1 I i l i l l
. r..
1 I .l l l l l 3
<- 1 I I I I I I l i .
1 I I- 1 I I I L
-(- -
1 I I I I I I [ @*
( l i I I l l l l
.<- l l l l l l l 5~
/ .
1 I I I I I l g
- 1 I I I I I I l
' I I I I i i I
' I I I I I i l
/- -
1 l l 1 I I I il m
l l
/
I I I I I I I
/- I I I I I I I fl g
f - :- . -
- l. l -l l l l l
-r - -
l l l 1 I I I e l i- 1 l l l l l 1 &l
- i. . .
l l j. l l l l 9. ,
?
- r ( l l
[
I l l
/- -
1 I I I I i r l l l l l l l f" 1 I I I I i l
<- l I I i i l i ?
- j. l l l ?
- . i. ..
l l l
\
's -
I \ l I I I
?
'- l l I I I g l 1 I
! r 1 l i 1 l I l ?
- - I l l l l l l [
- 1 I I I I I i
< l 1 l i 1 l I 4
-' l l l I I I I I-
- l l l l l l l w.m,a w rma ca n-vw- wa .
>.-. n = -
W Valur.nc Ebl~ .
. ZOOPLANKTON av I" ) ~
se:s= .icu a 2rter m l er2c: co i li l'. / I I- l 1 l l l tyrus seurs i n ue o IoIol I I I I l ?
6 mssd ueur o I o- ol I I I l iaem w n e ueue oIo 10l I I I l
' l I l l l l l r.. - .
l l .I I I l l g
. c.. . . .
l g i l l l l A
. E 1- -
l l- 1 I I I m
(- -
1 I I I I I l l- !*
( l l I I I I I I
.( l l I I I I I l$
/
~
1 I I I I I I 1 l l I I I I I l I I I I I I I e I I l I I I I e -
1 I l 1 I I I E
~/ I l l l l l l
?
~
/- I I I I I l l ,Y
/- "- -
l- l 1 l 'I I l q
.p. .. . ,.
l l l l t l I ,
- 1. .
I ,
I I I l l
- i. g I..l l l l g
- r. . . ...-
1 l l l l l I j l- -
1 I I I .l I I E
/ I I l l l l I j
- i. -
1 I l l l l l i-l l l l l l l P
.- i- .-
l l- l I I I l ?
I- l \ l *l l l l
?
I i.
I l l 1 1 I I
{*
l l l l l l l I 1 -
l l l l l l l e I I I I I I I I 5 l
l l 1 I i l l .
I I I I I I I. e l I I I I I I
> mie:i y %f/M cam 43-V///-94.
'n= .
ZOOPLANKTON j
- 1vors, so ge , ,,,
erac:ico rIi I I I I- 1 I I l f
? ,'
mus oo6s mvu oIo Io l I I I I I
,wnu us wvn -o IoIo l \ l I aw swe uova oIo Iol i I I l 1 I I I I I I f'
<~
~
l I .I I I I I e l l E
1 I I I l b
l l 1- 1 I I I r
1 I I I I I l 5I I I I I
( l i I t i I I I I I I w
/ .
1 I I I I I I 1
- 1 I I I I I I 1
' I I l l l l l 1 I I I I I i
/ -
1 I I I I I I E I
E
/ I I I I I I
' -/- f I I I
'I I I I f
/ -
l- I -l I I l l i I h l I e t- - -
I =
f l I i l l i- - - -
l l l q
l l l l I
}
l l r -
I. , t l l
/ -
1 I I l l i I f
' I I I I I I I L I I I I 3, 1 I I
'- l I I I I I I P I I I I E I l- 1 I I I I I I O
- ' I
' i l 1 I I I $
l I l i I I
i 1
l I
i I I I I I f 3
I I I I I I I l 1 -1 I I I i .
l -
I t l l l l 1 I I I I I I I I 1 I C1::- <93 -1/111-?Q C:untc:t w N Af A t~~. -
1
. . t
- f
- 21 Volume MA, j
- ZOOPLANKTON
=iVofuhe Sdmtk sa a a,a-- _
- l. / 1- I[
"Fr2c:ica / I' / l 1 I I l 2' Wu>s Nios ueen oIoI0 l l l l l 6,- s A wgu o oIo I I I I m- w&, uem oIo I6l l I I I _
' l l l I I I I m
r -
. - l l .I I l l l
- r- 1 I I I I I l )
1 I I- 1 I I I L
- i. -
1 I I I I i l $
( l l I I I I I i
.< l l I I I I I ._
-p
/ .
I .I I I I I l 5
- 1 I I I I l i !
e i I I I I I I l
' i l l I I I I l __
e I i I 1 I I I E I I E
'e i I I I I
~
. /
i I
l-i 1
l I
i l 'I I I I
I I
f4 l-l l l l h l l c i- - -
l ,
l l l l l 5 l l l -l l l l p
i -
- H l : i l i l I }l
/ .~ l l I I I I l [;
i l i I I I I I .i. '
i -
l I l l 1 l l l
l I
l l-l l
1 l
l I
l l
I l
I 1
l I
l I[ I D
n
< l l I I I I l !
l l l l 'l I l [
- 1 I I I I I I r i l l I I I I i l I 1 I I I I .!
l l l l l l l l $
I I I I I I I I c.,. meets.y W N1 en= 43 -YM41 j r -- c:=
Appendix B BECO General Testing Division Reports Results of Scale Examination r
I
~ - _ - _ _
O F i I C I. M !. M W. " fC 'UM -
,c , ,,,
,,g,, rn o. C c. 'm i. *c .........
riLC .. . ....
M r. A . V. Mo r r f s. re '- U8 11 . T. .V a nd ri ng tmt 10/1/81 m ;. n '.t v t. . t < . v' voo n.s 3f64 CONDE!! SET. Tif.*.vi - p i l .".': I M S TATI ON The General Tent Division has completed the nr.cl yni n o f nix (6) condenner tubes frcm Pil grim Sta tion. A rennent van receivad f rorr lir. 1.. H. Scot ton, Huclee r Opera tionn, to d-te rmine the manganese, iron und si) icon <ontent of the depor.1t contained on the interios r.ur face o f the cot.denner tube.. In addftion, Mr. L. H. Scotton rennested (Lnt the acton1 thichness of the int erior depou! t and/or the relative thickness of the inte rior depo :i t be d e t e rini ne d.
The condenner tuben are pa rt of a continuing chlorine minimization ntudy being conduct ed b- Mo ri na Ret.earch Inc. at Pilgrim Sta tion. The ntudy is being perforTned to determine the e f fect that va ri ous t race amounts o f chlorit:c have on the integrity of interior sor ti ce o f the condenner tubes.
The parameter, mangancoe is being measured to determine whether or not mangnnene i r.
be ! nn' concent iat ed by the biologient orneinisms onto the interior surface of the tubes.
The r e f t en ann +
oretically the annnanene icvel should be invernely proportional to the
.ortne.
The o t hc r t .co , rae t c i s , I ron and silicon, would be indientive o f the nature of the deporft, while the thickness of the deposit would be indicative of the level of chlorine necessary to prevent a deposit build-up.
The re sul tr. o f the anal ysis a re incenclusive. here is no observable trend based eron the amount of chlorine added te the tuben u!th respect to the. t race metal pe r. .ei e rn.
The GTD invest i nat ed a technique whe chy the actuni thickness bould be determino by
- .1 : ancop' en11y mea suring the t h i ckn. r.
a f te r renc. val o f the deposi t. Th i r. technione o f the t uber. cross-section both before and proved to be beyond the scope of our prenent enuipment. A p ro fcasional rai croscopis t , Hr. C. M. Spooner, Ph D of BB6N Inc. , vas consul ted by telephone, lie coniiired that the techninue.vas beyond our ent milities and added i t van l'syond hin cepabfift). lie sta ted tha t he would be v-skepticci about any results obtnined in such n ranner since the variability of t bc r.hickness of the deposit would be fo r creste than the necur. cy of the I end ytice.1 rechninue, lie nuecer.ted an alte:n..te techninue fo r de te:cining the tel: t ive thickr.e rs o f the deposit (contained in att.iched table).
The t esul ts o f thi s nuge.est ed t echnicue indicated that the tube uith 0 ppb chlorine added is 8-10 tiraes higher in ileposit that!the re.nining chlorine treated tubes.
(Se- attached photograph).
Th.?
results of the analysis were reparted by telr-phone on an "as obtained" hasis to Mr. L. N. Scotton.
The annlyttent renults and complete nample identifiention are contained in the attach.d tchle: (See Attached).
EID#i-P L !. . N . See: ton
\b i ,
}\' ,,
'j x.. .
\/ .' i. ' ' a i
- b. \'. 1 f//N' Merritt -
.g' \ -
( .
I . D. 1:en 1ta ppit Chloring p pin ' ug/cm*
Sample #19 b Date _Added Mn t'e 51 Thicknano 1009-1 8/21/81 0 2. 6 fi ??.? 0. 9 's 3.880 1009-2 50 0. l (> 71.5 0. *lr> 538 1009-3 "
100 0.41 15.4 0.13 250 1009-4 "
750 4.43 25.0 0.47 344 1009-5 "
500 4.36 17.2 0.24 441 1009-6 "
1,000 3.78 17.5 0.43 263 Rer.nlt9 ppn* - Tuben spl1t l e n g elrw i s e . I half treated utth Dil. HNO3 fo r trace mern1 nnalysis. Resul t s in rein tive part s per
- million. .
o u t t a un /cm * - Second hal f of oplit tubes. Dried, veinhed, interior cleaned, redried, reveighed. ili f ference equels amount o f deposit. Length of split tubes determined. Di f ference divided by length.
%' ' .]
/,
a
,. A s 3e ce 'v e J' I' DWEEf&CiN3kwr*iL' aim,%. "Y_ ;.s-2 [
_ n----
,g*,
- kS, ' [- h2'a'MEF#_"_-- EE Z [ ] ~ ] _[, ,- , ~ , ,
~
i..e.
_n . IE ". ., e -
s n.s .
w- _ _ - , _ ;;_ . -g ._ -
, 04 - &_i_ _ .. M -A t -re n~ t _. _ . _
. ... e.
1
o
^
W i.
/
OFFICE MEMORANDUM Boston Edison Company To* Mr. A. V. Morric From: Mr. H. F. Standring Date: February 2, 1982 Mail: Watertown Phone: 3654 CONDENSER TURES -
PILGRIM STATION The General Test Division has completed the analysis of six (6) condenser tubes from Pilgrim Station. A request was receiveu from Mr. L. N. Scotton, Nuclear Operations, to determine the manganese, iron and silicon content of the deposit located on the interior surface of the condenser tubes. In addition he request-ed that the relative amount of deposit per unit length be determined.
The condenser tubes were Phase II of a chlorine minimization study that was con-ducted by Marine Research Inc. , at Pilgrim Station. The study was performed to determine the effect that various trace amcunts of chlorine had on the integrity of the interior surface of the condenser tubes. This bundle of tubes is the final installment from the study.
The results of the analyses indicate that the parameters Mn. Si and relative ug/cm are 10 times higher in tube O than the remaining 5 tubes, while the para-meter Fe has no discernable pattern.
An explanation of why and how the parameters were tested is contained in a memo from Mr. H. F. Standring to Mr. A. V. Morris, dated 10/1/81.
(Attached).
The complete sample identifications and analytical results are contained in the following table:
ID Results*
SamplT#195 Date Line # Mn Fe Si ug/cm*
1138-1 11/25/81 0 2.27 41.3 3.15 9,168 1138-2 11/25/81 2 0.79 35.1 0.19 805 1138-3 11/25/81 4 0.20 29.3 0.11 885
/ 1138-4 11/25/81 6 0.13 22.0 0.27 904 1138-5 11/25/81 8 0.16 20.2 0.22 724 1138-6 11/25/81 10 0.13 8.7 0.17 791 Results - Tube:. split lengthwise .1 half treated with 20*/, ILN03 for trace metal analysis. Results in relative parts per million.
ug/cm - Second half of split tubes were dried, weighed, cleaned, redried and reweighed. Difference in weight equals amount of deposit.
Difference was divided by length of tubes.
The results of the analysis were reported to Mr. L. N. Scott.or. on Jar.aary 2P, 1J' l
RFD/jy3L -
xc: Mr. L. N. Scot t en hr. W. J. Merritt f i(/
2-
/ *
- 7 . -
v I.D. Resulta pp11 Chlorine ppm
- ug/cm*
Sample d195- Date Added Kn Fe St Thickness 1009-1 8/71/81 0 2.66 2 2.'? 0.95 3,880 1009-2 50 0.16 21.5 0.36 538 1009-3 100 0.41 15.4 0.11 250 1009-4 :' 50 4.48 ?S.O 0.47 344 1009-5 '00
> 4.36 17.2 0.74 441 1009-6 1,000 3.78 17.5 0.43 263 c oul t s pp.n* - Tuben spilt l a n g t 'rv i n e . I he.l f t rea t ed with Dil, itNO3 fo r t r a c e- nie t a l a na l v r. i s . Per.ui t s in rel.irive parts por ,
million, ul t s ug/cm* - Second helf of aglit tubes. Dried, veighed, interior cleaned, redried, reve i nha d . Di f ference ecuelo crount o f deposit. Length of spli t ruban de t e rmi ned . Di f fe rence divided by length, m . . _ _ . _ __ _ _ _ _ - - _