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Forwards Crane Packing Co Bulletin 3472:Seal Performance Test for Nuc Pwr Plant Safety Injection Sys,To Support Utils Assumptions on HPI Pump Seal Leakage as Discussed at 780920 Meeting W/Nrc Re ESF Filtration Issue
	ML20064E512
Person / Time
Site:	Midland
Issue date:	11/14/1978
From:	Howell S; CONSUMERS ENERGY CO. (FORMERLY CONSUMERS POWER CO.)
To:	Boyd R; Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
	HOWE-234-78, NUDOCS 7811200121
	Download: ML20064E512 (83)
	v • d • e

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\\ s 1 Stephen H. Howell Senior Vice hessdent General offices: 1945 West Pernell Road, Jackson, Michigan 49201 * (517) 788 4453 November 14, 1978 \\ Hove 23h-78 Director of Nuclear Reactor Regulation Attn: Mr Roger Boyd, Director Division of Project ManaEement US Huclear Regulatory Co==ission Washington, DC 20555 MIDLAUD PROJECT DOCKET NO 53 329, 50-330 HIGH PRESSURE IHJECT10H PUMP SEALC FILE: 0505 6 SERIAL: 6082 Enclosed are three copies of " Crane Packing Co=pany Bulletin 3h72' which describas the seal performance testing for the high pressure injection pump seals used on Midland Plant Unit 1 and 2. This information is provided to support CPCo's assumptions on HPI pump seal leakage that were discussed with the HRC staff on September 20, 1978 on the ESF filtration issue. \\. (. SHH/jbg D 1*A e i s g\\ ,..a l 993 'N ,suso o*\\. P,

7 '. i l o e l ) \\ CONTENTS l SECTION 1

27. BORIC ACID I

SEAL PERFORMANCE TESTING FOR NUCLEAR POWER I i l PLANT SAFETY INJECTION SYSTDiS (JOHN CRANE TYPE 1 SEAL & 1625 GF SAFETY BUSHING) SECTION 2 SUGGESTED ACCEPTANCE TEST PROCEDURE FOR s \\ JOHN CRANE TYPE 1 SEAL & 1625 GF SAFETY BUSHING { SECTION 3 1 APPLICATION DRAWINGS l SECTION 4 i 127. BORIC ACID PROJECT #1255 - EVALUATION OF 1-3/4" TYPE 1 SEAL IN 127. BORIC ACID SERVICE, SECTION 5 TYPICAL DRAWINGS SECTION 6 " SEALING BORIC ACID SOLUTIONS WITH MECHANICAL 'f SEALS IN NUCLEAR SERVICE", by SHIRO KANASAKI AND KARL SCHOENHERR. \\ e O

O @ t e O O SEAL PERFORMANCE TESTING FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SAFETY INJECTION SYSTEMS C> O by J. W. ABAR DIR. MECHANICAL TESTING CRANE PACKING CO.

1 O INDEI_ PAGE i LIST OF FIGURES ^ ') 11 LIST OF TABLES - s 1 SCOPE 1

SUMMARY

AND CONCLUSION 2 TEST EQUIPMENT TEST PROCEDURE 9 O T=ST >>SULTS 10 DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS C; o l

O LIST OF TABLES M 3 TABLE I TEST EQUIPMENT CODE TABLE II TEST PROCEDURE I PHASE DESCRIPTION Ik TEST RESULTS FOR 2-1/k" & 3-1/4" TABLE III O JOHN CRANE TYPE 1 SEALS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SA7ETY INJECTION SYSTEMS 15 7 Y O

O LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 PHOTOGRAPH OF EQUIPMENT A 1/4" TYPE 1 SEAL TEST EQUIPMENT 2 CROSS-SECTION OF EQUIPMENT A 1/4" TYPE 1 BEAL EQUIPMENT 3 PECTO OF EQUIPMENT B 1/4" TYPE 1 SEAL TEST EQUIPMENT k CROSS-SECTION OF EQUIPMENT B 1/k" TYPE 1 SEAL TEST EQUIPMENT 5 PHOTO OF IQUIPMENT C 1/k" 1625 GF SAFETY BUSHING TEST EQUIPMENT 6 CROSS-SECTION OF EQUIPMENT C 1/k" 1625 GF SAFETY BUSHING TEST EQUIPMENT T TEST NO. 2 PRESSURE TIME TEMPERATURE CYCLE-TEST CODE II.1.A 8 SAFETY BUSHING LEAKAGE RATE AFTER EORMAL OPERATION 9 SAFETY BUSHING LEAKAGE RATE AFTER SEVERE OPERATION 10 SAFETY BUSHING LEAKAGE RATE VS, PRESSURE AFTER PEASE 2 TEST SEVERE OPERATION 11 TEST NO. k SEAL PACE WEAR PROFILES 12 TEST NO 9 SEAL LEAKAGE RATES FOR 3 TEST SEALS O ,---~r.w .--w--,,

~ SEAL PERFORMANCE TESTING FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT O SAFETY INJECTION SYSTEMS SCOPE This report is a summary of tests conducted on JOHN CRANE Type 1 mechanical seals and 1625 GF Safety Bushing for Nuclear Power Plant safety injection system pumps. The test reported herein were performed under JOHN CRANE Mechanical Test Lab Projects #1153, 1193 and 1205 These pro-Jacts were conducted to provide performance data in terms of '~ k,S voar life, leakage and overall operating capability under nor-mal and severe accident conditions (loss of component cooling) anticipated in boric acid safety injection systems. Testing encompassed the following general operating conditions: Product - 1.5 - 2% Boric Acid moderator solutions a) John Crane Type 1 per Codes OkoF11D1 and XF 1D1 1 l(]) b) 1625 GF Safety Bushing Seal Sizes-2-1/k" and 3-1/k" Shaft Speed - 1800 and 3600 RPM i Pressure-0.2 400 PSIG Temperature - 140 - 3000F i Tact Durations - 50 - 50J hours

SUMMARY

AND CONCLUSIONS To date, more than 4,600 test hours on Type 1 seals and 1,700 The re-hours on 1625 GF Safety Bushings have been accumulated. sults have demonstrated the ability of the seals and safety bush-ing to perform their function under conditions typical to those tested. Both the Type 1 seal and 1625 GF Safety Bushing operate without cooling and relate no signs of instability or malfunction such as seal face popping, abnormal power consumption, or hang-up, even under high temperature (3000F) operation where leakage results in the most severe hang-up conditions of boric acid build-up between 'hs shaft or sleeve and seal components. p -.--.--4--

i '( Detail performance characteristics are as follows: 1. Type 1 Seal Life Seal life based on projected wasner wear rates vill be as follows for the severe to normal operating conditions. OPERATING CONDIt 0NS PROJECTED SEAL LIFE Severe (300'I - 200 PSIG) 1,920 Hrs. Less Severe (3000F 60 PSIG) 2,970 Hrs. Normal (1600F 400 PSIG) Greater than 3 years It is understood that seals vill only be required to operate for 24 hours under severe 300 F conditions. Consequently, 0 projected seal life vill be many times those projected for (, ) 3000F tests. 2. Seal Leakage Seal leakage rate ranges per test and per interval measuring period within test for the 2 seal sizes are as follows: SEAL SICE SEAL LEAKAGE ML/HR. INCHES PER TEST INTERYAL MIN. MAX. MIN. MAI. O 2-1/4 Nil .13 Nil 25 3-1/h Nil 20 Nil ST 3-1/k' Nil 332 Nil 1730 ' Low Spring Load Seals 3. Safety Bushing (' The safety bushing operates with less than 10 GPH leakage at (/ 60 PSIG under normal conditions (after extended dry run 160cF). Leakage is less than 75 4496 at 60 PSIG operation at after bushing operation under severe conditions #$f extended 300 F dry operation with dry borie acid spray. 0 l k. Radiation Ixposure l Type 1 seals per code OkoF11D1 gave normal performance with elastomer components which had been previously irradiated to a total dosage of 1.1 x 8 rads gamma radiation. The remaining seal components including the 1625 GF graphite filamant yarn employed in the safety bushing have been approved without test as being of suitable composition and construction in terms of the radiation resistance required by the applications in question. TEST EQUIPMENT Three independent test apparatus were employed for this test work. O For reference purpose the 3 test f acilities vill be referred to as Equipment A,B, and C, in accordance with Table I.

T*tLE I () TEST EQUIPMENT CODE CODE EQUIPMENT A 2-1/k" Type 1 Seal Test Facility B 3-1/k" Type 1 Seal Test Facility C 3-1/k" 1625 GF Safety Bushing Test Facility 1. Equipment A - 2-1/k" Type 1 Test Facility Figure 1 is a photograph of Equipment A which is a modified pump bearing frame. The cross section of the seal test pod l is shown in Fig. 2. The shaft and 2-1/k" dia, sleeve is pulley-driven at 3600 RPM by a 5 HP, 1750 T.PM motor. The seal head rotates with the shaft and sleeve assembly. The seat is held stationary in the housing and sealed by an 0-ring. r: The 25 boric acid solution is circulated in s closed system (~ ) at approximately 1 GPM by the pumping ring. The fluid is circulated from the pod inlet over the seal head and out the pod into a 20 liter reservoir; from there thru a heat ex-changer and back into the test pod. The reservoir is electrically heated with a k KV thermo-statically controlled heater. The entire system is pres-surized by nitrogen head placed on the reservoir, by way of a nitrogen tank, and regulator. Recording and control O' temperatures are monitored at the inlet to the reservoir. Test temperatures were controlled to 250F. Pressures were controlled to within 21%. Test temperatures vere monitored with an iron

t :t thermocouple and multi-T Point milivolt recorder.

undadan 2. Equipment 3 1/4" Type 1 Seal Test Facility Figure 3 is a photograph shoving the 3-1/4" test equipment. n The test pod and bearing frame which house and support the / test seal assemblies is located in the background. The shaft , is pulley-driven at 1800 RPM by a 60 HP 2-speed motor. The e.1.osed primary test loop is constructed of 304 SS and con-sists of a 6 GPM circulator pump, a 1 GPM air-driven differen-tial hydraulic pump, heat exchanger., thermostatically controlled 11 KW heater, and 1 Gal, accumulator. Test pressure is supplied by the differential hydraulic pump and controlled to i1%. The circulating pump provides 1 GPM fluid flov to the test pod thru the heat exchanger heating coils and back to the test pod. Test temperatures are con-trolled to vithin il.5% thru the use of the heat exchanger and/or bestins coils depending on the temperature require-ments. O

k-O The control console shown on the foreground houses the pres 1 sure and teaperature controlling equipment, the recording vattneter which monitors the total power consumption of the 60 HP motor, and temperature recorder which monitors the water temperature in and out of the test pod, heater and heat ex-changer. Fig, k illustrates a typical cross section of the test seals as installed in the test pod. Double seals were employed to reduce thrust bearing requirements of the test equipment. The 25 boric acid test fluid was circulated by the test loop cir-culating pump into the bottom of the taut pod, and out the top, as illustrated in Fig, k. Seal operation is similar to that employed in Equipment A, as described above. ,~s 3. Equip =ent C 1/k" 1625 GF Safety Bushing Test Equipment Fig. 5 is a photograph of safety buahing test equipment, which as in the case of Equipdent A, is a modified pump bear-ing frame. The shaft is driven at 3600 RPM by a AC/DC rectified controlled 15 HP variable speed notor. The cross section of the test pod and safety bushing installation is the same as shown in Fig. 6. Two safety bushings are testod simultaneously one at each end of the test pod. Dynamic accentricity was.001/.002 TIR. Packing gland bore was 010/.015 TIR eccentric to shaft ({) centerline. During leakage test, the center entry port is used to supply 25 boric acid solution at 160 - 180 ?. The test fluid is 0 supplied by an open system consisting of a 3 HP-14 GPM tur-bine pump and reservoir system. Pressure is costrolled by a relief valve. Temperature was that generated by the energy i i put into the system by the fluid pumping circuit. A 800-vatt heater and hot air gun injected hot sir into the <(_, center port to achieve high temperature operation (300er). An atomizer was used in series with the heater to achieve the dry boric acid spray condition. TEST PROCEDURE 1. Test Procedure Code' l.1 Several test procedures were employed to simulate various normal and extreme operating conditions typical to several manufacturers r.afety injection sys-tems. For the purpose of tabulating results, the test procedures vill be coded in accordance with the follow-ing 3 digit Code System. )

.,o .. O TEST PROCEDURE 1.2 The first digit vill indicate the " specific test procedure" as identified by Roman Numerals. 1.3 The second digit vill indicate phase of the specific test procedure by Arabic Numbers. 1.k The third digit vill indicate the type of equipment used as coded by test equipment letter. Por example, a test of I.1.A vould indicate test pro-cadure I Phase 1 conducted on Equipment A. 2. General Test Procedures Ezeept where noted, all test employed the following general procedures and operating conditions: f ) 2.1 Pre Test Work 2.1.1 All seal components vere inspected for proper assembly and cleanliness. 2.1.2 Seal faces inspected for flatness within 2 LB and for chips and scratches for any other de-facts on the sealing surfaces. 2.1.3 Washers were marked numerically in quadrant points and washer height measured at same markings. O 2.2 Operation of Equipment 2.2.1 All equipment was cleaned and checked for proper operating order. 2.2.2 Boric acid test solutien premixed in a range of 2.0 to 2.2% by weight and charged into system prior to testin5 I 2.2.3 Equipment was brought to test phase operating ( ~} conditions within 2 hours after seal assembly into equipment. 2.2.4 System controls and recorders vere checked at 1 to 18 hour intervals, with general checks every 2 hours, 8 hours per day. 2.2.5 Horsepower measurements were made on Equipment 3 and C (3 recorded continuously). 2.2.6 Leakage data was taken at intervals from 1 to 18 hours generally every 2 hours over a period of 8 hours per day, 5 days per week. 2.3 Post Test Procedures 2.3.1 Equipment disassemblad and inspected for abnormal conditions. 2.3.2 Washer height measurements were ande in quadrante and average wear calculated by averaging differences O between the Pre Test and Post Test quadrant vasher heights.

e , TEST PROCEDURE - contd. 2.3 Post Test Procedures - contd. 2.3.3 Talysurf profile measurements vere made on seat surfaces when wear was significant. 2.3.4 Talysurf surface profile measurements were made on vasher where wear was significant. 2.3.5 wear measurements and pr'ofiles were taken after every test phase. 2.k Test Seal Materials of Construction 2.k.1 Type 1 Seals Except where noted, these seal materials of con-struction vere as follows: John Crane Code F1 Washer Materials (Resin treated carbon graphite) "'3 (,/ Seat Material - John Crane Code D Solid tungsten carbide Retainer - 30k SS 30k SS Spring Spring Adapter - 30k SS Drive Band 304 SS Disc 30k Ss Seat 0-ring John Crane Compound 06001 EPR Bellows Material - John Crane Compound 06001 EPR 2.k.2 1625 GF Safety Bushing Spring 17 -7 PH Packing John Crane 1625 GF Packing Retainer 304 SS Aux. Gland 304 SS 3. Specific Test Procenure 3.1 Test Procedure I 3.1.1 The purpose of this test was to determine the per-formance of the Type 1sealvighabellowsthat rads gamma ra-has been pre exposed to 1.1 x diation from a cobalt 60 source. 3.1.2 Test Equipment Employed - Equipment A. 3.1.3 Bellows IRHD Hardness taken before and after test 3.1.4 3 test phases employed on this test in accordance with pressures, temperatures and durations given in Table II. O w

-T - O L 3. Specific Test Procedure - contd. 3.1 Test Procedure I -contd. 3.1.5 Washer wear height measurements were taken without removing the washer from the seal head. 3.1.6 Seal faces were not relapped between test phases 3.1.7 seat wear measurements were not taken until the completion of Phase 3. 3.2 Test Procedure II 3.2.1 The purpose of this test was to determine if the Type 1 seal design performs satisfactorily under T' varied simulated pressure, temperature, cycling (_s) conditions. 3.2.2 Test Equipment Employed - Equipment A 3.2.3 Boric acid concentration 1.5% by weight 3.2.k Seals per Code IF11D1 3.2.5 Test consists of the following 3 phases: Phase 1 - This phase consists of 20 cycles each of a pressure increase from 0 to 3$0 PSIG at the same time varying the temperature from ambient temperature (( (700F) to 2750F. See Fig. T for graph of pressure temperature time cycle. Phase 2 - This was a two-part phase.

First, 0

the seal was run for 50 hours at 275 F under vapor pressure condition (31 PSIG). The second part consisted of running the seal for 100 hours at 800F and 250 PSIG ( vithout removing the seal from the test equipment. Phase 3 - Test run at constant temperature of 2iSOF and a pressure of 250 PSIG for 100 hours. 3.2.6 Product 1.5% Boric Acid 3.3 Test Procedure - III 3.3.1 The purpose of this test was to generate seal face wear data under the following two operating con-ditions: Phase 1 - 300 F and 200 PSIG for 100 hrs. operation Phase 2 - 1h00F and 200 PSIG for 100 hrs. operation 3.3.2 Test Equipment - Equipment A 3.3.3 Both 06001 & 08001 0-ring materials tested

s.. e 3.k Test Procedure IV 3.4.1 The purpose of this test was to determine seal faca wear rates under the following conditions: Phase 1 - 300*F and 60 PSIG for 100 hours Phase 2 - 140 F and 0.2 PSIG for 100 hours & 500 hours 0 3.k.2 Test Equipment Equipment B 3.k.3 Seat wear groove depth not measured. 3.k.k Two spring loads tested; 53 lbs. & 78 lbs. 3.5 Test Procedure V This test was performed to determine washer (<) 3.5.1 material wear rates at high pressure. Phase 1 - 1600F and 400 PSIG for 100 hours. 3 5.2 Test Equipment - Equipment B 3.6 Safety Bushing Test Procedure The purpose of this test was to determine the 3.6.1 performance characteristies of the 1625 GF Safety Bushing. ,A 3.6.2 Test Equipment Employed - Equipment C 3.6.3 Two test phases were employed in accordance with V the following description: Phase 1 - This test phase was conducted to simulate bushing performance under normal operating conditions and con-sists of the following two parts: Part No. 1-Dry operation at 160 (- ) to 180 F ambient temperature 0 and 3600 RPM shaft speed for 1 500 hours. Part No. 2-Injection of 2% borie acid solution at 160 - 1800P fluid temperature and 60 PSIG fluid pressure for 100 hrs. at 3600 RPM. 3 phase was conducted to simulate bush-This Phase 2 - ing performance under extreme conditions and consisted of the following 3 parts. Part No. 1 - Dry operation for 250 hrs. at 160 - 180 ambient temper-ature, 3600 RPM shaft speed.

. O Part No. 2-Dry operation for 250 hours 300oF 3600 RPM with 20 to 40 inches vater air pressure dif-ferential of dry boric acid spray. Spray was injected for 15 min. a dsy for the full 250 hr. period. Part No. 3-Injection of 2% boric acid solution at 160 - 2000 F fluid temperature 60 PSIG fluid pressure 3600 RPM for 500 hrs. Part No. 4-Injection of 2% boric acid solution '] at 160 - 1800F fluid temperature; s_< 3600 RPM shaft speed over a pres-sure range of 0 - 60 PSIG. 3.6.k Leakage rate measurements were taken during Part 2 of Phases I and Parts 3 & k of Phase II l respectively. l l TEST RESULTS Type 1_ Seal Testing (). General test results on the 2-1/k" and 3-1/k" Type 1 seals are given in Table 3. Specific Test Results are as follows: TEST #1 Test seal operated normally through the 3 test phases. There was no visible leakage for the total 500 hour operation. IRHD bellows hardness increased from 70.5 to'Th.5 IRHD from the beginning to end of complete test. Post test inspection of the bellows related no f 3 l () signs of distress. TESTS #2 6 The seals performed with no leakage or face instability thru the ~ pressure and temperature cycles in test 2 and 3 and high pressure temperature conditions of tests k & 5. All seal components were in good condition after test. Seal faces were in good condition despite severe conditions of high temperature and/or high pressure. Surface profiles of seal faces from test k (275 F - 250 PSIG) are given in Jig. 11. TESTS #7 - 11 All seals performed normally with the exception of two lov spring load seals on test #6 which had maximum interval leakage rates of 537 and 1730 ml. per hour. Post test equipment inspection revealed the fact that some of the leakage may have occurred at equipment O, gasket joints. Quantitative amounts of leakage through the gasket joints could not be established. Therefore, the total gasket leakage and seal leakage was reported.

<* 9 ) TESTS #7 contd. All other test seals had leakage rates belov 60 ml per hour maximum interval leakage rate. Interval seal leakage rates for 3 high spring load test seals under test #9 conditions are given in Figure 12. Seal horsepower consumption for test No. 9 conditions aversged 5.25 H.P. with a maximum total horsepover variation of 1.51 HP. Seal horsepover for tests 8 & 10 conditions averaged 3.25 with a maxista total variation of 0.67 HP. Seal horsepower for test No. 11 (400 PSIG) conditions ranged from 6.03 HP to 14.8 HP, with a total test average power consumption of 6.9 HP and cyclic varia-tions less than 2 HP. Boric acid crystals and build-up on test sleeve was noted on all test involving test temperatures in excess of 250 F. The build-e up did not cause hang-up of the non-pusher Type 1 seal. Safety Bushing Test Results Results of Phase 1 - Part 2 and Phase 2 - Part 3 testing on the Safety Bushings are given in Figures 8 and 9 respectively, which relate the leakage rate as a function of time for the two test conducted. Figure 10 is a plot of Safety Bushing leakage rate as () a function of pressure for the Phase 2-Part k test. All data re-ported in Figs. 9 - 10 are individual test points. Only one 1625 GF bushing as depicted in Fig. 6 was tested. The other bushing location was fitted with another less-effective design. The tested 1625 GF bushing related no signs of distress or degradation at the conclusion of testing. The chrome oxide coating exhibited negligible wear. I Shaft bushing horsepover consumption was 013 HP max. during normal (/ and severe dry operation as well as for the 60 PSIG 2% boric acid s-leakage tests. DISCUSSION OF TEST RESULTS Type 1 Seals The design wear life of a seal is predicated on the amount of car-bon washer year that can be accommodated by the seal design. Type 1 seals tested have been designed to accommodate.125" carbon wear. Projected seal life given in Table III were calculated by dividing the design allovable wear by the maximum year rate obtained from seal aperation under the specific test conditions in question. O

i([I i i For example, a voar rate of 1 mil per 100 hours would result in 12,500 hours projected seal life. 1 The primary operating conditions which govern vasher year rates and in turn seal life, are the seal face pressure and velocity, as well as the lubricating properties of the fluid being sealed. As pressure and rubbing velocity are increased, washer wear rates generally increase. The lubricating. properties of the fluid being sealed will also change with operating parameters, in partionlar, temperature. In the case of boric acid, the viscosity will de-crease as temperatures increase. Consequently, the lubricating properties are reduced with increasing temperatures. In addition, ) boric acid fluid becomes abrasive to the seal face materials as boric acid crystals form at the seal faces. The crystallization of the boric acid at the seal faces becomes most predominant, when the liquid film temperature between the seal face reaches the boiling point. It follows then, that higher wear rates are obtained at high temperature, high pressure conditions, or even at high temperature low pressure conditions. Actual plant operation vill not require seals to operate at 300*F 'O for more than 2k hours at which time seal temperatures vill be re-duced to 1kO*F to 160 F. Thus, actual plant seul life vill be many 0 times that projected for 100% service at the severe high temperature (300 F) conditions. For example Test #5. Seal leakage is governed by seal size and face separation. Seal face separation in turn is governed by the following factors: ( ', 1. film stability 2. seal face flatness 3. surface finish. Production preparation of seal faces will govern the initial sur-face finish and flatness of the seal faces. Seal face distortion and year vill change flatnaas and sur.fsce finish during operation respectively. The seal face flatness and fik stability are governed by thermal, hydraulic and mechanical loading of the seal face com-ponents. This is particularly true for larger seals operating at high temperature (300 7). The larger seals are more susceptible to mechanical and thermal distortion, which upset face flatness. High wear rates obtained at high temperatures produce large amounts of year debris between the seal faces and high vanher surface fin-ishes which in turn cause greater face separation and subsequent i leakage.

+ l :. - e s 3 i , 'O The higher hydraulic face loads of the unbalanced Type 1 seal tend to force the relatively flexible (Lov Young's Modulus) car-bon graphite vasher to. conform with the mating tungsten carbide surface. The higher face loading also surpasses film instability in the for'm ofm localized or gross boiling of the liquid film bet-T ween the seal faces. Such boiling may cause abnormal seal separa- ~ tion (face popping) and above normal leakage rates, or in extreme cases, failure of the seal. In all cases, seal power consumption was well within normal stable limits for the test conditions. For example, total cyclic power ,consnaption for unstable seal operation of the 3-1/k" seal vould

(~-)

be' approximately double the maximum value obtained on tests reported s here. 1625 GF Safety Bushing The general leakage or flow' characteristics of bushings are governed by the following equation: 3R APh3 ,q.N,' ] 6 yL wheheQ= leakage R = radius of shaft or sleeve Ap = pressure drop across bushing h's radial bushing clearance y = viscosity L s' bushing length (' '-) The leakage,r te after normal operation is relatively lov and in-creases slightly with time (k.9 x 10-2 gph/h') which is most likely attributable to nominal year of the bushing. Calculated radial i clearances bsaad on equation [1] above are 3.56 x 10 k", , %.67 x 107 " rcr the 3.7 gph and 8.3 sph. data p.oints. of Figure 8 k x respectively, Thece bushing clearances are quite small even under .001 to 002" TIE dynnmic shaft eccentric conditions. It should be not(& that clearance calculations are based on 0 eccentricity. Leakage can.ineresse by a factor of 2.5 in going from o eccentricity .to full' bushing eccentricity. Thus, the calculated values for h can ( be lover by a f actor of 1.358. The increase in bushing leakage reported in Figure 9 over that of Figure 8 is most likely attributable to the following.2 factors: a 1. thermal expansion of the shaft and bushing retainer'under () 3000F tast conditions, s 2. abrasive vaar.of the 1625 GF bushing by boric acid crystals. .n ---.,y ---,,-4, .. +,.,

O Calculatedclearancesbasedonequation[1{,,forthe50and6g and 9.25 x 10-sph data points of. Figure 9 are 8.49 x 10-respectively.

The leakage rate increase as in the case of Figure end of 100 hours of boric acid operation. 8 was slight at the However, after 500 hours of operation, the leakage rate levelled off. Figure 10 relates the effect of pressure on the leakage rate of the 1625 GF bushing. The leaktge rate does not increase proportionately with pressure drop inasmuch as the radial gap is closing as pressure is increased. ^ ( )h m O L) 9 0

e e e e O -1k-TABLE II TEST PROCEDURE I PRASE DESCRIPTION ( ') PHASE TEMP. PRESSURE DURATION 1 16o 250 200 2 300 65 100 3 160 50 200 O U O

g TABLE } TEST RESULTS ON 2-1/4" & 3-1/4" JOHN CRANE TYPE 1 SEALS FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT SAFETY INJECTION SYSTEMS iS TEST l TEMP. PRESS. DURATION AVG. MAX. PROJ. SEAT WEAR LEAKA0E SEAL' COMMENTS !.T CODE F PSIO. NO. OF WASHER WASHER SEAL MAX. RATE SIZE (b) (c) (c) TESTS WEAR RATE WEAR RATE LIFE OROOVE MIL /HR. (h) (a) NOTES HRS. MILS /100 MILS /100 HRS. DEPTH MAX. AVG. (e) HHS. (d) HRS. (d) (f) uTN.(g) Nil Nil 2-1/h I I.l.A '160 2TO 200 [1] 0.50 0.50 25,000 Nil Nil 2-1/4 I.2.A 300 65 100 [1] 1.00 1.00 12,000 I.3.A 160 50 200 [1] 0.20 0.20 >3 Yrs. 110 Nil Nil 2-1/4 (1) II.1.A 70/ O/ 205 [1] 1.75 1.75 7,1h0 400 .12 2-1/h (2) (3) 275 350 II.2.A 275/ 32/ 155 [1] 3.22 3.22 3,888 350 .13 2-1/h (2) (3) 180 250 II.3.A 275 250 100 [1] 6.h0 6.h0 1,950 675 .15 Nil 2-1/h (2) (3) s TII.l.A 300 200 100 [6] h.30 6.50 1,920 80 Nil Nil 2-1/4 III.2.A 1h0 200 100 [3] 1.03 1.90 6,580 35 Nil Nil 2-1/4 1730 172 3-1/4 537 spring f IV.l B 300 60 100 [6] 2.37 3.70 3,380 load. l 10.2 3-1/4 8 IV.2.B 140 0.2 10Q [h] 45 13 >3 Yrs. 53.7 2T.5 3-1/4 78# spring h IV.1.B 300 60 100 [6] 2.67 4.2 2,970 0 IV.2.B 140 0.2 500 [2] .14 17 >3 Yrs. .04 3-1/h 1 V l.B 160 h00 100 [2] .275 .35 >3 Yrs. 26 3-1/4 53# OTES FOR TABLE III bHERAL (a) Shaft speed: All 2-1/h" & 3-1/k"' seals were tested at 3600 RPM & 1800 RPM respectively. (b) Test Code: See Test Procedure Sec. 1.1 (c) Temp. & Press: Values given represent sealing operating condition. - No cooling employed. (d) Wear rates: Avg. & maximum data of all test conducted for given test No. & Code (e) No. of Test: The number in brackets relates the number of seals tested under Tept No. Conditions. ~ (f) Seal Life: Projected min. seal life is based on max. vear rates and a.125 in. av,ilable carbon wear a (g) Seat Wear: Predominant WC seat wear is in the form of a groove at the CD of mating area. Values given are depth of said grooves. Overall seat wear was less than 50 pin. in all tests. ( -) indicates not measured. (h) Leakage Rates: Max. leakage is max. leakage obtained over any given measuring period for all teat conducted for given Test No. Avg. leakage is avg. of all test averages. Only liquid leakage is reported. iPECIFIC (1) Seat groove depth measured at end of 3rd phase (2) 1.5% boric acid product

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FLUlO CUT TO RESERVOIR. g PART M'k__[p_ R W 4 BELLOWS f -- 1..1..,,..*,.., 5 PETAINER ,,E- -n S E BANO ~ - ' '-- ~ ~ .._.a*7 -- - 'M \\ \\ \\(- y{ _ _.. ,.s 9 RET. COLL AR h 5.p....,,..... w., m SET senEw "..I>'O'M*Is*****YE **

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l Pdbt i UF 3 FOR. ESTINGHOUSE NUCLEAR PUMP APPLICATIONS DESIG. ATED AS HIGH SAFETY INJECTION. N q RESIDIIAL HEAT RD:0 VAL. CONTAINMENT SPRAY AND !!IGil SAFETY INJECTION AND OlARGING. @CUGGESTED PROCEDURE IP REQUESTED BY PUMP PURCHASER. V 1.00 SEALS 1.10 OIL CONTAMINATION 1.11 ALL POSSIBLE CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN 'IU ELIMINATE. CONTACT OF PETROLEUM OILS. MINERAL OILS. SOLUBLE OILS. VEGETABLE OILS OR GREASE WITH Tile ELASTOMERIC PARTS t BELLOWS. "0" RING. ETC.1 0F THE SEAL. IF IT CANNOT BE ASSURED THAT THERE IS NO OIL CON-TAMINATION OF Tile TEST FLUID Tile FOLLOWING PROCEDURE (1.12) . _ MUST BE USED. 1.12._ FLUSI THE SEAL CilAMBER WIDI TAP WATER ETTING THE FLOW BEED BACK TO SUCTION THROUGH DIE BOX BUSHING OR 'DIROUGH PIPING TO A DRAIN. DIE PRESSURE MUST BE MAINTAINED HIGHER IN Ti!E SEAL CHAMBER THAN THE PRESSURE BEThEEN DIE SEAL AND BUSHING. FOR SEALS USING PUMPING RINGS. INJECTION OF TAP WATER IS NECESSARY UNTIL A VOLUME EQUAL TO 10 VOLUMES OF THE SEAL CHAMBER HAVE (') BEEN INJECTED. AFTER IDLE PERIODS DIE SAME PROCEDURE MUST BE FOLLOWED.

1. 20 PREPARATION FOR TESTING 1.21 AFTER ASSURANCE OF NO OIL COMTAMINATION. REMOVE THE PIPE PLUGS TN TIIE '111READED CONNECTIONS NEAREST DIE SAFETY BUSilING (SEE FIGURE 1).

I 22 IF SEAL LEAKAGE MUST FILL ANY CAVITY BEFDRE BECOMING VISIBLE. THESE CAVITIES Sil0CLD BE FILLED WITH TAP WATER BEFORE STARTING. TO ENABLE A MORE ACCURATE DETERMINATION OF EAKAGE. I.30 LEAKAGE MEASUREMENT AND RATE CALCULATION 1.31 PROCEED WITil THE PUMP PERFORMANCE TEST AS REQUIRED BY THE VENDOR. DURING THIS TESTING THE FULLOWING SEAL LEAKAGE [ )- \\_ MEASUREMENTS (1.32 AND 1.33) SHOULD BE MADE. 1.32 THE LEAKAGE DURING DIE FIRST 12 MINUTES OF OPERATION MAY BE DISREGARDED (SEE 1.34). HO%EVER. ITS COLLECTION AND MEASURDIENT MAY BE USEFUL FDR DI AGNOSIS OF SEAL PROBEMS IF THEY EXIST. REVISIONS h ff. [* THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF CRANE PACKING CO AND 15 LOANED IN CONFIDENCE SUBJECT TO RETU UPON DEMAND TITLE TO SAME IS NEVER SOLD OR TRANSFERRED FOR ANY REASON. ALL RIGHTS TO DE INVENTION ARE RESERVED 0 ? o SEAL AND AUXILIARY BUSHING g% "X O ACCEPTANCE TES PROCEDURE d CRANE PACKING COMPANY i c.too w. O AKTON ST , yORTON GROVE. ILL. r ht DATE 6/16/69 SCALE ) DR. C H,,f-7Nhd /M AP./ y-/ 7.. l .n

l PAGE 2 0F 5 1.33 AFTER Ti!E FIRST 12 MINUTES OF OPERATION. THE LEAKAGE SHOUI D BE MEASURED AT REGULAR INTERVALS < 6 MINUTES. O.1 HOUR OR MULTIPLES O DIEREOF IS SUGGESTED FOP. EASIER CALCULATION, DIE AVERAGE LEAK-AGE RATE OVER DIE INTERVAL IS DIEN DETEP. MINED BY DIVIDING UIE VOLUME OF LEAKAGE BY THE TIME INTERVAL. IF THE VOLUME IS IN CUBIC CDTIMETERS AND THE TIME IN HOURS. die RESULTING AVERAGE WILL BE IN CUBIC CDTIMETERS HOUR (CC/HR). ALTERNATE METiOD OF LEAKAGE MEASURDtDT IS TO COUNT DIE NSIBER OF DROPS OCCURING PER MINUTE AND MULTIPLYING HIIS VALUE BY 60,16 OR 3.75 TO OBTAIN DIE AVERAGE LEAKAGE RATE IN CC/HR. 1.34 DIE COMPUTED AVERAGE LEAKAGE RATE FOR THE FURPOSE OF COMPARISON TO TiiE VAXIMDI LEAKAGE PATE LIMIT SET IN PARAGRAPH 1.41 SHALL BE BASED ON LEAKAGE COLLECTED OVER A PERIOD OF 1 HOUR OR AT IEAST THE AVERAGE OF 5 EQUALLY SPACED LEAKAGE RATE AVERAGES DETERMINED BY COUNTING DROPS AND IN BOTH CASES BEGINNING AFTER THE FIRST 12 MINUTES OF OPERATION. p () 1.40 LEAKAGE LIMIT 1.41 THE MAXIMU51 ACCEPTABLE LEAKAE RATE SHALL BE 10 CC/HR SUBJEC 10 Tile CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPHS 1.30 - 1.34 AND DIE APPLICABL E NOTES AND LIMITS SET FORTil ON CRANE PACKING COMPANY' S LAYOUT DRAWING COVERING THE PARTICULAR APPLICATION. 2.00 SAFETY BUSHING 2.10 PREPARATION FOR TESTING 2.11 IllE Bt:S!!!NG iSEE FIGURE 1) MUST BE RUN IN DRY FOR A MINIMUM OF h 40M IN BEFORE CIIECKING FOR LEAKAGE. RUNNING DRY SilALL BE CON-SIDERED TO BE THE CONDITION CT liAVING NO PRESSURE ilEAD ACROSS die BUSilING. SMALL LEAKAGE FROM DIE SEAL SHALL ALSO BE CON-SIDERED DRY RUNNING. 2.12 RDIOVE EITilER ONE OF DIE PIPE PLUGS IN THE TEST CONNECTIONS (LEAVING Tile OTHER TEST CONNECTION PLUGGED). ATTACl! APPP4PRIATE PIPING TU THE OPEN TEST CONNECTION IN ORDER TO INJECT 60 PSIG TAP WATER AT A MAXIMUM FLOW OF 20 GAL,liR (0.33 GPM) AND TEMPERA-TURE OF FROM +40* F. TO +80 F. 2.13 IT IS SUGGESTED TilAT A SHIELD BE INSTALLED AROUND THE AUXILIARY GLAND PLATE TO FACILITATE COLLECTION OF DIE BUSHING LEAKAGE (SEE FIGURE 2). hA) ej REVISIONS THE PROPERTY OF CRANE PACKING CO AND IS LOANED IN CONFIDENCE SUBJECT TO RETURN l THIS e'RI'.T IS UPON DE*4 AND TITLE TO SAME IS NEVER SOLD OR TRANSFERRED FOR ANY REASON. ALL RIGHTS TO CESIGN OR INVENTION ARE RESERVED. E l SEAL AND AUXILIARY BUSHING jc?l Q* "c @ 'Q l N. l'O ~ ACCEPTANCE TEST PROCEDURE f l CRANE PACKING COMPAN'g (.O C.1CO W OMTON ST MORTON GROVE. ILL. hH - 7 [r i AP - A. 7u s,1 / s i DATE 6/16/69 SCALE h OR 7

l PAGE 3 0F 5 2.14 WARNING - BEFORE PRESSURIZING THE BUSHING MAKE PROVISIONS SO UfAT THE PRESSURE ON THE SEE (STUFFING BOX PRLSSURE) IS AT O tEAST 10.eSI ABOVE THE eaESSURE ON THE BUSH 1NG AT ALL T1MeS. 2.20 LEAKAGE MEASURDIDT AND RATE CALCULATION 2.21 AFTER RJLFILLING HIE CONDITIONS OF PARAGRAPH 2. II AND WITH A PRESSURE OF 60 PSIG BETHEEN DIE SEE AND BUSHING. DIE PDIP IS TO BE RUN FOR 15 MINU'IES BEFORE MEASURING LEAKAGE TO BE USED IN COMPARISON TO HIE MAXIMUM RATE SPECIFIED IN PARAGRAPH 2. 3a @ 2.22 AFTER T11E INITIE RUN IN. DIE LEAKAGE IS TO BE COLLECTED IN A SUITABLE CONTAINER OVER A PERIOD OF AT LEAST 6 MINUTES AN ALTERNATE METHOD WOULD BE W TIME THE NUMBER OF MINUTES RE-QUIRED TO FILL A SPECIFIC VOLDIE (2 GALLONS MINIMD!). 2.23 HIE AVERAGE LEAKAGE RATE FOR COMPARISON WIDI THE MAXIMUM AC-CEPTABLE IEAKAGE RATE SHALL BE COMPUTED BY DIVIDING THE VOLUME COLLECTED BY THE TIME REQUIPID FOR COLLECTION. IF DIE VOLUME ( IS IN GALLONS AND HIE TIME IN HOURS. WE RESULT WILL BE GALLONS L' PER HOUR (GAL'HR). 2.30 LEAKAGE LIMIT 2.31 THE MAXIMG1 ACCEPTABLE LEAKAGE RNIE SHALL BE 20 GAL /HR SUBJECT 'IO DIE CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN PARAGRAPHS 2.20 - 2.23 AND THE APPLICABLE NOTES AND LIMITS SET FORTH ON CRANE PACKING COMPANT S LAYOUT DRAWING COVERING THE PARTICULAR APPLICATION. 3.00 POST 'IESTING PROCEDURE 3.10 AFTER ALL TEST FLUID HAS BED REMOVED FROM DIE PUMP. 'IEE SEAL CHAMBER MUST BE FLUSHED BITil A VOLDE EQUE TO 10 VOLDIES OF DIE SEE CHAMBER USING DD11NERALIZED WATER. 3.20 PIPE PLUGS MUST BE uRAPPED WIDI 'IERED-TAPE AND REINSTELED IN DIE TEST CONNECTIONS (SEE FIGURE I). l @ *a f REVISIONS THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF CRANE PACKING CO AND IS LOANED IN CONFIDENCE SUBJECT TO RETURN UPOM DEMAND TITLE TO SAME IS N5VER SOLD OR TRANSFERRED FOR ANY REASON. ALL RIGHTS TO DESIGN OR INVENTION ARE RESERVED. U a T I 'N SEAL AND AUXILIARY BUSHING EC?, ' '4 u i ACCEPTANCE TEST PROCEDURE q w_ CRANE PACKING COMPANY 6400 W. C AKTCN ST MORTCN GROVE. ILL u h A/h g h AP,, 1,. r h; t i DATE 6/16/69 SCALE DR.

l PAGE 4 OF 5

==_.___...__

V O i ga. i v;;;g w-a 'Ek W = _i$.- ,s V__ i i s ri i N [\\ m T ~ 4 "O" RING SEAT n. 6 L' BUSHING ASSEMBLY l/ ~ 1 k PIPE PLUG o ' n 4 = * ^, c a^ 7s-(TEST CONNECTION) g ) / /g 9 GMto C TEL )' r CLAMPf D-l.N SEAT REVISIONS THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF CRANE PACXING CO. AND 15 LOANED IN CONFIDENCE SU3 JECT TO RETURN UPON DEMAND. TITLE TO SAME IS NEVER SCLD OR TRAN3FERRED FOR ANY REASON. ALL RIGHTS TO DES!GN OR INVENTION ARE RESERVED. e FIG. I Oi N% SEAL AND AUXILIARY BUSHING ACCEPTANCE TEST PROCEDURE CRANE PACKING COMPANY 6 6400 W. C AKTON ST. MCRTON GROVE. ItJ DR. J M R lCH.[ h _ - /.s)P./ h[.r. $.f DATE 6*{ 6-69 SCALE NON E / d ~

l O W a M 3. D-SX-6919 PAGE 5 OF 5 O SHIELD 2% mr .m i I i E iE j k V L N ,fr. ' "4, i m.,, ~W' ~~ 3 f ~ [L- /of~~ <W %j ~ g ., t sQ f f., 0 g$ 7 7 " V[N .. 1 .*'\\,* ,3 N ). '..../ \\ .g ~ ' ' I. .? .1 a p s t V REVISIONS j THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF CRAME PACKING CO. AND 15 LOANED IN COUIDENCE SU3 JECT TO RETURN UPON DEMAND. TITLE TO SAME IS NZYER SOLD 02 TRANSFERRED FOR ANY REASON ALL RIGHTS TO DESIGN OR i INVENTION ARE RESERVED. i e FIG.2 O. i ~3 (/) '! idul SEAL AND AUXILIARY BUSHING El ACCEPTANCE TEST PROCEDURE G CRANE PACKING COMPANY E l G a w. oA<TcN sr. neonTrN oaovr. atti J on. J NR lCNj. Mp.yMAP.j Muc-WATr S-16-69 l scat.E MONE s v x, _r-. - y .n.-

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Doec=bor 24, 1969 s CRANE PACKING COMPANY PROJECT #1255 EVALUATION OF 1-3/k" TYPE 1 SEAL IN 12% BORIC ACID SERVICE PURPOSE The purpose of this project was to demonstrate the performance em ( ') capabilities of the John Crane Type 1 seal, having tungsten car-bide vs tungeten carbide seal faces (Code BD1D1) fn 125 boric acid nuclear power plant moderator solution. Simulated test service to be attained by seal operation in a AVS pump under the following general operating conditions. SHAFT & SEAL SIZE - 1-3/4" SUCTION PRESSURE - 10 25 PSIG DISCHARGE PRESSURE - 110 210 PSIG kh STUFFING BOX PRESSURE - 45 25 PSIG FLUID - 12% Boric Acid (Specific Gravity 1.0225 at 150 F) TEMPERATURE - 15.0'25*F,' TEST CYCLE - 100% duty, except for 2 hours shutdown - 2 days a week (Room temperature O RPM) TEST DURATION - 1000 hours of dynamic operation

SUMMARY

The Type 1 seal performed satisfactorily with no visible liquid leakage. Wear over the 1000 hour test period on the tungsten carbide.vasher and seat, was measured to be.1 and.040 mils respectively. Projected seal vear life, based on the above seal face wear would be 8.9 x 105 hours, or approximately 100 years. There were no adverse effects of the 12% boric acid fluid in the form of corrosion of seal components or. hang-up of the seal head due to boric acid build up in and around the seal area. Pump shaft vibrations of 0.h6 mils,and 2.0 mils radial at 3550 CPM caused by pump operation nasr the shut of f did not af fect the per-formance of the seal in any manner. 4 m

Doccabsr 24, 1969 (]) CRANE PACKING COMPANY PROJECT #2 255 TEST PROCEDURE Equipment 1. Test Pump A Goulds 1 x 3 x 10 3196-M pump with an 8" impeller was used for the seal test pump. Figure 1 is a pho-tograph of the test pump as connected to a h5 gallon steel test system tank. -s / \\ (jI .The pump takes suction from the bottom of the tank and discharges thru a heat exchanger to the top of the tank'. The heat exchanger was employed to maintain test temperatures thru removal of heat put into the test fluid by the pumping energy. The pump shaft was driven by a direct coupled 10 HP-3550 RPM motor. The motor and pump shafts were aligned to within.008 T.I.R. A regulated air head on top of the tank was employed to O-achieve suction pressure. The discharge pressure was controlled by throttling the pump discharge. Stuffing box pressure was controlled as a function of discharge pressure. Pressure measurements were made thru the use of pressure gauges at the suction, discharge and stuffing box loca-tions. Thermocouple temperature measurements were made at the pump discharge continuously. Intermittent temperature measurements were made at the stuffing box lantern ring and bearing oil drain connection. Cooling water was connected to the bearing frame water jacket in case of loss of cooling water to the primary heat exchanger. No cooling or other seal environment control such as by-pass flush, quench, etc. vas employed. 2. Test Seal The test seal installation was per Crane Packing Co. Dvg. F-SP-13650 given in Appendix 1. O

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Doccabar 24, 1969 ~ .O CRANE PACKING COMPANY PROJECT #1255 TEST PROCEDURE - contd. 3. Other International Research & Development Corp. Model 330 Vlbration Analyzer was employed to measure motor and r"' pump shaft vibrations. Taylor Hobson Model k Talysurf Surface Analyzer was employed to record wear profiles of the tungsten car-bide washer and seat mating faces. A 1.0 to 1.2 hydrometer was employ.ed for the measure-ment of specific gravity of the 12% bdric acid test solution. (]) Experimental 1. Pre Test Work 1.1 All seal components examined for proper fit and material of construction 1.2 Seal faces checked for flatness to within 2 helium light bands. 1.3 Washer reference marked in four equal space quadrants on the outer circumference. Overall washer height ((,) measurements made to the nearest.0001" at the same locations. 1.h Seal installed in pump at nominal working height and pump fitted to test loop as shown in Figure 1. 1.5 System tilled with water and premixed boric acid added to achieve 12% by weight solution of boric acid. 1.6 Sample drawn from tank and checked for proper specific gravity with hydrometer at 150 F. 2. Test Work 2.1 Test loop started and brought to the following test conditions. 10 25 PSIG Suction pressure 110 210 PSIG Discharge pressure ((} Stuffing box pressure h5 25 PSIG 150 25 F Temperature J h-f .J

Deccabor 2k, 1969 O CRANE PACKING COMPANY PROJECT #1255 k-2.2 Pressure temperature and leakage measurements . vere made and recorded on an average of 3 times per day, 5 days per week. 2.3 System cooled to 1000F and shut down for 2 hours 3 days a week, generally every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. [\\-} 2.4 Leakage measurements were made before and after every 2 hour shutdown period. 2.5 Specific Gravity measurements of test fluid vere made on a weekly basis. 3. Post Test 3.1 Photograph taken of stuffing box area illustrating build up o'f dry boric acid c'rystals on the pump bearing frame. []) 3.2 Vibration measurements made at motor and pump bearings and pump shaft at seal gland plate. 3.3 Seal removed from pump at completion of 1000 hour. total operation time ('no t including shutdown). 3.h Seal parts examined for unusual conditions. 3.5 Washer overall height measurements made in h quadrants previously marked. Average year cal-culated by averaging differences between Pre Test and Post Test overall height values. 3.6 Talysurf profiles made of both seat and washer mating surfaces. 3.7 Photograph of washer and seat taken. RESULTS Individual data readings of discharge temperature, discharge, suction and stuffing box pressures, seal leakage, and test fluid specific gravity are given in Appendix 2. At 150 F pumpage temperature and without coolin's to pump water jackets, stuffing box temperature was lh8 F and bearing oil temperature was 1560F O

UocobBor db, gwey a ',, 6 O CRANE PACKING COMPANY PROJECT #1255

RESULTS - conbd.

There was negligible liquid leakage observed throughout the entire tes' period. However, there was a slight dry crystal-line build up in the seal area, and on to the bearing frame. (~i This build up is depicted in Figure 2, which is a photograph s/ of the bearing frame taken at the completion of testing. The seal faces were in excellent condition. Total average washer wear as calculated in Appendix 3 was.0001" for the 1000 hour test period. Wear variation in radial direction was approximately 20 u" as related in Figure 3, which is a Talysurf profile of the washer mating surface. Figure 4 is a phothgraph of the washer. **** '" " ' ""'**6 "'**="" " " '"' **** "*' ' O is a Talysurf tracing of the mating area of the seat. Figure is a photograph of the tungsten carbide seat. All other parts were in excellent condition. Iron oxide build up was noted between the gland bore and seat OD as between the washer OD and retainer ID. This build up is com-( pletely in a non-functional area, and had no detrimental or ad-Q' verse effect on seal performance. This build up did hamper seal disassembly of the seat from the gland and the washer from the re-J tainer. This build up in actual operation would not occur inas-much as the iron oxide was the direct result of the corrosive effect the boric acid had on the steel tank. In actualapplication, all con-struction vill be of stainless steel avoiding iron oxide in the copious quantities obtained on this particular test. Vibration analysis of the motor and pump is given in Appendix h. Shaft vibration measurements closest to the seal (Position D & E) related axial vibrations of.h6 mils in amplitude and 3550 cycles per minute frequency. Horizontal radial vibration was found to be 2.0 mils amplitude at 3550 cycles ner minute frequency (4000 cycles pr minute with filter out). O R -

Doconbar 24, 1969 t- ) 1 I CRANE PACKING COMPANY g i PROJECT #1255 1 6-DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS The basic test parameters or service operating conditions in-volved here dictate close examination of 3 seal performance characteristics. These are as follows: 1. Seal face wear 2. Seal hang-up (,m. 3. Vibration damage ) Seal face wear must be considered from a standpoint of the abrasive nature of the boric acid solution. Boric acid crystals are depo-sited at the seal faces and become abrasive to the seal face materials. It is for this reason that tungsten carbide vs tungsten carbide seal face material combination was chosen for this test and application. As vitness'ed by the test results, this material com-bination hsr excellent abrasive wear characteristics which in turn O.. yield long seal wear life and very lov leakage. Seals operated in systems which are near saturation points in terms of dissolved solids and without the protection of by-pass flush lines or a quench arrangement are vulnerable to seal hang-up either from clogging internally or externally. Seal hang-up of either form may cause excessive seal leakage. For this reason, the Type 1 seal was chosen inasmuch as it employs a single coil spring which is less vulnerable to hang-up and clogging, than a cluster of small multiple l helical springs. Secondly, the Type 1 seal is a non-pusher. type l seal, and is less vulnerable to hang-up due to deposit of material on the sleeve or shaft which prevents the advancement of the secondary l seals on pusher type seals. The advancement is required to accommo-date seal face wear or thermal and mechanical movement of the shaft. Pump operation near shut off produces maximum shaft deflection and consequently maximum vibration conditions at the seal. The Type 1 seal again, being the non-pusher seal in design, and having a flex-ible bellows section, readily accommodates and absorbs vibrations under maximum shaft deflection conditio s. There was no indication of edge wear or chipping on the seal faces, nor on the drive mecha-nisms employed in the seal. The latter are the drive engagements l between the washer and the retainer and the retainer and the drive band respectively. ( /h/ 0 JWA/gk attach. l l t

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t. _.

L.i._ i J i ...L_,,._,i__._.t_...._i.,...,r_.._._-. ...t _t ---.--4_ --;~-._- r- ._s. __i...,._,.._, i * - r - _. __...._ :._. 4.._.L-____ _t _._...__c: _ i u _a_.... r. . s. _. i.. e i _ L_i __L _ _ + --t _ __. _. i _!.. i. _p.: _;_...t._ [-{_. t.. q ' .L. - :-- f- - . _. j 2.._;__..;_ L..l_.L _. __;_.g.._p._;_,__.: t_i..., _ : r- -- T__i. . p.. _.i. :_. - .t...._ ,_ t_!.. _;_.... _-..e_. _ :_ __..<._ _.i..., _.! _ j... _f, _ _ __;_--.= t__!_...;. _ _ l __ __ i_. i._;_ ;__1 :._. _ _ t r .. j._:_. . _t._. _:._.:._...p _ __:._. _ _., _. U. _., _..,--F-- / _.0 0 _..,._ i.._ ._ ____ t.___i.,_ _.__. _< _i__1_. _._c.- - -4.._ j_, _ ; _..,_. r.i __ 2._.i.. i t_--.t._ r -- i ._!__p_;._;..__..;__c .i _ t.__ t _. t_....t. _. m_e_:s r oe.,r. :._:._v.e._m :. i _:._3..a_. marm e.vi.n..noccou u I FIG. 5 SURFACE PROFILE OF SEAT MATING AREA VERTICAL MAGliIFICATIOII: 5000X EA. SMALL DIV, i-20 u" HORI7.0ilTAL MAGIiIFICATIOII: 20X EA. SMALL DIV = .010" , - ~ O l h .w%- vp -. --w L__

( ~ \\ 6 o ~ PROJECT #1255 O , ~. (,i ...r,.7 I - - 4..,d .i .) f. [ 'N j r / [ j . 'M r! g I* I iT 5 h 1 'S,\\. \\

/

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YY

/ 's~- , n/,- / .m w 2 -a i i FIG. 6 PHOTOGRAPH OF TUhGSTEN CARBIDE TEST SEAT

,----.sa-w__ .+. ~.. a a_. ca-. 0 0 e e e e s8 6 r 1 0 ) 4 e A APPENDIX 1 TEST SEAL - DWG. F-SP-13650 i i 0 t h 'l i O -,n..---....-..

t ~ i s, s F 5P 1%50 = -r...

gi FACE OF STUFFINGBOX MUST

...,.A s N liso 111 test srAT e tRAN*5 BE MACHINED NH FOR SMM ECOM, MENDED $ PARE PARTS I BuNA N ITH AG $ T.'/5 tit 4%* CHAMFER a 184 5 ' 540Vo stai a:No o nst Its iset wAsNtn e CRAH*5 stilows i BUHA N 4 0 6150 251 18862 s o sir gi osso~ ~ ~ - -arTAiNoi i so4s1 g To HLAREM_QS$Q e isog sFEi.e

i. 15 ifs.

gg mc a so4 s.s. r o nso n osso 1% f In d 8AND e 3045 S. o O 61505 0550 a _ gg sa n e4) vl60.Hotts 90* .18 P OSI_36 OMO **'VI Coti^a e so4s s-N"M -h - APART ON A4% O S.C. ]I 0530 sri scarw 1 3o4 5 S. ^

N

~ "A"O 'WI l 304 S.S. %I, s4 F 6150 524 OSto --l%~ 18 D 1500 b1350 8 898 is .( 1 - I- [ { Q

9. #

is g-i. h.' s 8 / GLAND on uhn % U 4e Q no ii N -]DgtjM ' / SEAL A331900, + SPEOAL PART [ -g @ (i) S.E AT A13"F 800. stAto D. 2ma coa BDiDi .a 100% BORE OPERAT1NG CONDITIONS. ucciD tt*/. BORIC AClO snID %00 e r se insp t55 +r Perss 80 Rs.t.G. D. -M--l N-* I O 'M " U-UNIT BY GouLDS PUMP H0 DEL 18% Bogg gogg (GROUP M ) g WO gjg g D. S/P pf7 DW"F SP~t1515 OT'O 915-69 BY CRCo. UN SHAFT 8.LUS.lTEt45 344Wirusuctass as s.Are SEAL. Ass'Y DEFORE INSTAtuNG IN UNIT. g TMit PeiNT IS THE PROMRTY OF CRANE PAC.ING CO AND t$ LOANED IIe CONFtDfMCf $USJECT TO RETURN UPON OfMAleO.

3. BEFORE COMPLETING THE $EA4. INSTALLAYlON. WIPE THE LAPPEo SEAUNG FACES OF TIT 11 TO SANE IS NEYEN 501D OR TR AN5f f matD fos ANY SEASON ALL SIGNTS TO DE14N OA ONVENTsON ARE DESERVED

Yi.'A'iA.T 3.uusT E:r-. En v. =s..AA=. '"u_Eo ' JOHN CRANE-TYPE 1 y 3.'"* race.v"E.n in.O"ci.'WAiim... A,i

" ^ ' ^ " ' ' '

rv

4. me. 47.

g y 1%4Q BELLOWS SHAFT SEAL. g WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CRANE PACKING COMP.ove.su.ANY*,f Q sem w cauvoH sv neonvon c 10 lE M_]5 Calf NONE D2 M* //.Y!7/dAP / 4. [ 49 4 0 I

~ 9 0 e e e O O e I G 0 APPENDIX 2 TEST DATA 99 l e

escry: Tmm SRA FT SE AL TE ST DATh' Ent.LTR //o. / l*2.55' 3 " E //75 TEMPE R!sTURE "F. lLEAXAGE (u/L') TOTAL RWARKS DATE TlM E W G-NYo Sh).( $$d -Myy[lunIdM- 'C h cy. 3.f,cj 4 20 l 577\\W ~"" 5." " " l .a S e_ o - l. E

i. o aooceo u '.aw.ex.

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f o(Al 4LP l 4h"o l o

o @S>IEINtN.Ir$ - l9NT 15'2* ! f o64 I 44fk l 4'/ ". I l 0 5.G : 1.63o 1 e it 9.qc _ 15 2* (o6* 4W 4'/1=,,i o e t.3% bec.yace A :2.o l 32 (Elo liobe,442 iEe io lo Re#cijMP " *: it n 4.10 '8:3o l 1120 LIE 2' i 106

l /M.2 l P n lo Io M4$',I*2 "
8:M l 152a IC'tF 4/4 S?- lo lo-E.6.= 1.024 o-a 1:33 l

151-to # l4+* W' o o g* A b l r2.o.o If51* 1obd I l' U*- 56" lo l0 l ~ (lil 18'.20 ll %.O !!Si todit114*: 'E3 "l o lo 4:?O l l1%* f o 7

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S':T K c4 D'SCB -."3". ^33 9" AiUC E-l 9

$WAhi b != A L i c: b i OAi A BotLeta. //y \\2.5r ' 3~ pag TEMPE RATURE " F. lLE.XAGE (it/L) P @M. Vffs. fg.g -O'@;7unr.nu. REHAIRK S i DATiI TI.E m t. -(): 0./4 to 4r,e o.e -tre,e.7 n 12.: 4 0-14 5' lose &# c.ce o o s, 4'.10 145* 1074 '+E* @i o o ci 18 8:15' IRCf fo@.L @ l fo* l o o 9 l'1 8'.10 22E.7 l'E3* ics* l%* - fo* o e-8 ? !C v qw C.cottcas oN B'.SS' 90* 10 8P-4b M-3# 0 l0 n l 8 'If l ALL STa o Tre e. 2Hus.l. 't 11.00 l C!E GT/4iri' l L l n T. C E id b* lo @ O l 5.@ o o tr 4.h (so' 10 @ 465 C. P o c3 h. 8:ur a ct s o 150 lob

1 4@ '45 o

o llsteacc cgeAo.t.on s. h D'.NE M C'A Ceo t. t sa.6 ON fot M W 3% o o n. '! ao (coo o 4.oo A,LL STo p Cor, 1 W.i l 11:oo f2.E STdD_T-l NM" #" II:4f l25 lC(on 44N 4 56 o o O,' 4.30. is - ioso e I s.m o o o 4. '3 E.2o 15 4 ' lo84 45 # 5'.3# o 'o it 4:7e Isa' logt 4F 55* o i tr' 3' 3 l4(ii.3 1 feo-I oc a. c_SW T.* o l o i si I:4.0 l 15 4' l 10 82 l 45* 5'y I o l0

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l1084

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b H A t-I beal i1:51 'LJ ATA ~~ Wo.tbET2./lo-l I255' S

~ p3 ;,2 Taea RATuns 9.

lW.XAGE (IVL).. REMARK S W $$Et. $. $y,@[ DATE IME nntwu. tru. -Q.Y, vi B'.h;.u - U-TB 1 15 9 to8m t!.S# SW-o o ' ti S;$b - M AK, C,, U N 'es Od O o n R:To Roo loFf 4 14 # 4* o o 9 ' '2.o' ALL ' STWO Cod 240S O \\\\:To 1? C- -5~A R.'- o o MNED "a c ~ CN% oN 4?E 16 2.o ((on %ef. ju. o e H q.2014l 8. 2o ESFi. L,, ISS , nm ASS 4*- o: lo-4' 30 l ' l LG }07 2 4.I S Io #: O lc o o e-t ' G. lo iuu-lose h - l TS. o o 3.23 H At~ ::>o c i m, o u = - is 9 :7o 85* I crAi. %*- '5* o o I 4: t.o i Au_ ST,9 ;oE

2. #/ 5

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v. ? cr n I @ At?. H E~A D~ NC; Let ket.

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b. 2a 5 l.

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~ ' " ' "~ SMA FT SE AL TEST DATA" E m is a //s. / GEC 3 " Mie TEMPE RATURE T. lLEmGE (uA),. REMARK S 25N ers:b. W;n j %. -gsgq: nntmt. ms. oArir Tn.m - C)6.tyMi 9' h m 40._ ST: c M r..

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~13S.6 IG* 109 % fN E" O C ~ it.,o-ic e 45* l Em o lo ro.a 8 so ' e. :o I e.. G,u ve, cii l l l l a.2o l I s.co. = i.20 n il 9:co 8 56 1o9 lW l 54 o o l 9 os 'l Att g3 9 C 3,-k2h Uds. -l 't l!!'oo .!2e.Dur-l Yo-9 8.'do fI30' / l O!T l%+ ~/~ N:- o, l 6 $*d W W E"' " sa..to ,S iio (6 55 10:M @o'L 6# o. o 820 xAx.Co: in., m 4 n-l 9 '.co 9P 1og a c E4 l% o o 4,oc A L L S.' o p ' F-1. 2.u h f LLNE l.E4' l Iryac 4L4f: 6# 0 -C) Ot /o -11 F.45 ! EO . ( 10# tf7 67f-~ o o /.e5 p1 Av, - oouvh oN 3 ):- > lIlr# 1SM d W. ? l3 n l i.

c. ' l T. L L Gro fe.

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t. m.o h al.

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.: rt l; 43.- l t es-l 2 ; il ! '- : I, I

o 1 4 ;.n.c ; j, e cc /C '- 12 Ar / 0:iLC 1 It r

w# 3 muc,, au " i s ' % FT b'E AL TE ST DATA & {g12 /,/o.) I 2.y-3 R nA, ~u TEMPE RATURE " F, lL2;XAGE (u/t) ' REMARK S NN. MS. ' Snii.. 12fu jffs-f untmt trxt DATE TIME ..:s c,._., a e o Oo.i,/Aemre o o ' ~>: 00 - I . eq.o I)o" >'co Att. Str o p ii 4 co-De -STAtT-l j to.'20 9 ".D - f 4C

tobe HE# l %

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O j

i i I t l l ~ \\, l l l l } } i 1 I l I l l l _l l-l 1 I I I l I I i i I I I I I l l l l f.I l I .I l 1 I I I I I I I I I I i e l U 4 i o w s:.u_: c,2 c -: ! c fa A r i o z s _ i. n 1 F

PROJECT #1255 O l. W f '- k' APPENDIX 3 WASHER WEAR DETERMINATION THICKNESS (T) INCHES O auADnAur Sriar 7t"Is" ^r 1 .3095 .3095 .0000 2 .3097 .3096 .0001 3 .3101 .3100 0001 k .3100 .3098 0002 AVERA0E WEAR.000h/h = .0001 v O

O \\ j sJ APPINDIX k O VIBRATION MEASUREMENTS -/ (.. ' i I \\ O l l l - ~ ~ ~.

. 3 'A/05/ DATE'. /0!/7/t.9 g.o ac. c 3 3,93, g p,,,,, 33.ggyp,,,. Hl~C U \\ N E * /2D 3.70 ty % 2oas c. A.e D kkst.us r tl002E T;iS7' iOPERAToR' v/.44' #se/E ~R A/ /2 f 6~ e Dss 4; Re/ss ///0/5'//- fod FMJ 'lAMk %,rowMress : f PS/J-0070A Est6,,o ~ser/17f c 8YM I D E NTIFI E S _a er i n m u vs'e o a s d d F IC K U P P O IN T' o t PLAIN !bEARIN G b R 8 p f' B A LL B E A R.) H C3 -i l~ C O U P t. I N G M ACHgN E SKETC R. PICKUP ELLT~.9 0HT sso-Sx FILTER IN 'PO$lncu MILS CPM lM!LS CPM NILS CPn MILS CPM Mit.S CPM Mk;c CPM llUkre CPM % H f.) l200N0,1n%.-en % v' o. c Inoolo.1s 2sro A ).1 l;e>eN 0.*70 -e h /. '2 2200l 6.Y3 n s'SoI i bV /r '/ ?C:o /.00 1556 A / Il /99.c 0, '/7. 3Sf3 l Q .LIl1,7 -: eo l0, 83 MP 0 C v i.e ino m -o A i,2 s e m o,'7 4 - rcz l Y f. A 35'00 0.99 iMO Y 1.1_ _ 3'ICrGW/.3P~0 ,7 s e m c..is w.z A H ' 2, [ .=r s. 2.O 3$50 y I A H I cy A l l l Hl l l l '!6V l A l l l '.I 9 dP ~- u ., l l g w vs,,y,,.,,y g sa, s,,l gxi,, J,,,,,,;.! l O', l 8,,,de;cr \\ rv k % A-m i i l l l l I vi i i i i i i ,,i i i i. i i l i i l I' I I l t 1 -l 1 Al I l l l I I I I i [ - ~ ----. - .. -- LL -2:vre' ~"

E.Ws NB. NOTE: AD-D-1282 GLAND PLATE ALSO HEAT EXCllANGER 7 c-t 11 1 2 N.P.T. AVAILABLE Willi PLAIN /e \\ FLUSH PRESSED-IN RESTRICTION F r 0 = I BUS!!ING. = O I F @'/Ah" '- / E = T us not & natis / 8

I I/

3/8 D. MIN. [/ 's I_ / 8 HOLE

Itk l

J f ~ I /8 l l I h b k fk fr-s/ / / / 6 4 a / # s r i~k'~ N'h h ikmdB IIIl5Nihili C .m. 2.002 MIN j l g 3 (.. / B SEA _L SIZE THIS DESIGh IS ESPECIALLY SUITED FOR PU11PS IN SERV A B i C D E F A B C U E F 9 4 /ic 3% 3 1/8 2 '9 32 3 3% !3 3 /32 2 /4 5 5 2 /32 1,8 21 4 3 i 1 1 7 2A 38 3% 4'3/16 3 /2 2 '8 1 l'% 1.2 1 1/s 3 34 3% 7 1 5/16 h' 3 I/4 1% 2W 2 /8 3/8 3 3 1 3 3 24 3 in 38 3% 5 /16 3 1/8 13 4 3 5 5/10 132 4 2A 2% ' 3 7 11'2 18 3 5 2 /16 33 4'/s 5"/is 4'/4 3 /8 13 5 18 2 38 34 4/4 5 "/16 1 3 1/4 2'/8 3% 2 "/16 1 3 2a 3 l 5 /16 4 h @g 3 in 3F 4% 3 7 34 1 1/8 2% 7 3 3 4 /.: 5 /in 4 3/8 2'Mc 3 3 \\ 2 2 /8 3 2% 21/2 3% yi a 4 /a 6/ts 6/1a 4'/te y 3 3 3 1 1 4/4 2's 3M 3'/16 2% 34 44 2% 2'8 2% 3% 3 16 4a n yT/s.GMo 3 3 2 /8 4 3 /ia 2% 4 2 5 6 /16 4 % ' 4 /4 7 1 7 3 2% 6/10 9 1 3 5 /3 48 4 /16 3 5 2 /s 3 E /tG S/a yt/2 3 l 44 5% 3 3 3 /4 4%6 3% 2 /4 1 3 38 2% 1 4 /16 319 32 4a 5% T 7/16 11 2 /8 33 8 7 THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY OF CRANE PACKING CO. A INVENTION ARE RESERVED. TYPICAL INSTALLATION 8 " JOHN CRANE" TYPE IB ? i ? PACKAGE SEAL G WITH SAFETY BUSHING I CRANE PACKING COMPANY lS _ 6400 W. O AKTON ST. MORTON GROVE. Jt_L. ff YI S.CALE [M ((O DATE DR. O,,a,.v CH.

uwa. u NgTE: AD-D-1283 ^ llEAT EXCl! ANGER GLAND PLATE ALSO AVAILABLE WITH PLAIN (1) 1/2 N.P.T. PRESSED-IN RESTRICTION 0 = ) (2) 1/2 N. P. T. 180* APART g ,f, QUENCH / & DRAIN 3/8 D. MIN. Il0LE = ~ 17 l / / ' \\l Q y Y'!!,l6 id m 3p% BkN5':4 d h " W " " " " " '~ C i 14002 h 3 MIN. A SEAL SIZE s q t 001 s THIS DESIGN IS ESPECIALLY SUITED FOR PUMPS IN SERVICE AT NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. A B C D E F A B C D E F 1/8 2/s 125 2 3 3 11 /1s 35'32 11 33

1/4 2 932 3.

38 1 3 i 2 /2 3 /8 11.8 11,2 2/4 3 /8 3/2 1 1 1 4 aj:o i n n n f 5 1 1 3 1 5 5 1/8 3 3 /4 3 /8 415 16 39/32 2'8 18 2 /2 2 1,'4 O 5 its is/4 2/a 3' is 3 /8 i 3 3 i 3 /4 S /ie 1 7 3 3 7 3 1 11 3 1 3 /2 3 /a 5,13 12 1/8 2 /4 2a 3.'32 2 /4 1 <2 1 /8' 2 2 )ts 3 /8 4 5^'16 5 ii 5 3 1 1 31 3 3 38 33/4 4 /s 5/16 1 9 28 1% 14 2 /8 3 /8 3 /32 3'8 11 i' 7 1 7 1 1/8 21/4 3 /4 3 /8 4 /4 5 /16 3 3 13 3 3 7 5 /16 @ 32 35/8 3 16 4 4 /8 2 2 /8 3/a 2 16 \\) 5 416 1 1 1 1 Wa 4 /e 1 2 /8 2 /2 3 /2 5 3 5 1 2 /8 3,4 2t1/16 2 34 4 /4 4/8 6 /16 1 2 /4 3 3 7 3 3 3 2/8 2 /4 3 /8 4 /8 4/4 6 /16 l 1 7 1 5 2h 2 /a 4 213' t 6 2 /8 3 16 yl. 2 l ~ y7/8 g5fis a n l 2/8 3 4'l 16 4 rya 5 6 /16 415 32 37/8 5 7 l 23 4 3 /8 4'16 3 32 ?'!38 4Y4 5/8 6 16 7 5 3 9 ,[, [" l 4 /8 5 /4 64 j i 7 ~ 1 3 7 1 9 2 /8 3'4 4 /1c t THIS PRINT IS THE PROPERTY 97

s. -. 3 ACXING CO. AND IS LOANED IN CONFIDENCE SUBJECT TO RETURN i

UPON DEMAND. TITLE TO SAME..t ,i=?, .MJ OR TRANSFERRED FOR ANY REASON. ALL RIGHTS TO DE. SIGN OR {

gENTION ARE RESERVED.

S TYPICAL INSTALLATION >i ?' ao h. " JOHN CRANE" TYPE 1 6g V PACKAGE SEAL WITH SAFETY BUSHING Ei! CRANE PACKING COMPANY w 6JCO W. O A KTON ST. MORTON GROVE. U 1. CH.

J

[' /[h/b DATE IN SCALI O@g DR. 3

' - f L W iOE % R ~ "~ APR 3 01975 O SEALING BORIC ACID SOLUTIONS WITH MECHANICAL SEALS IN NUCLEAR SERVICE SHIRO KANASAKl* KARL SCHOENHERR** The sealing of borated water with mechanical seals in nuclear service requires special considerations as to design and material selection. Testing and evaluation of mechanical sealsin2% andl2% boric acid solutions in water has been extensive and results are discussed. At elevated temperatures 12% botic o-!d (N) becomes corrosively quite aggressive and narrows material choice considerably to the point of where the search, technically and economically,,is being continued. Recommendations, reflecting the present state of the art, for rnechanical seals are pre-sented. INTRODUCTION safety related functions. From this it can be seen that in contrast to the main reactor coolant pump, The sooling of boric acid sclutions on centrifugal which operates continuously, the safetyrelatedoux-O. pumps has received much attention and investigation iliary pumps work mostly on a non-continuous basis over the last decade, and must function under ernergency conditions. Boron is used to supplementary control neutron flow Mechanical seals for this type of nuclear service in on atomic reaction on light water reactors. Boric are called upon to seal 2% to 12% boricacid in water acid contains 17.5% elemental boron and a predeter-solutions, corresponding to 3497and 20981 ppm boron mined quantity of boric acid in water makes up the respectively. moderctor fluid used on the control system. The investigation for the suitability andreliability OPERATING CONDITIONS of mechanical seals for this service was carried out for the control systemof a pressurized water reactor. The in the early stages of the program, adecadeago, ~ ( l control system is comprised, among other hardware concern was only with sealing 1.5 to 2% boric acid items, of a variety of auxiliary pumps that are called moderatorso!utions. The requirementforl2% did not upon to perform various duties and does not include come into the picture until 1969 the rnain reactorcoolantpump. The light water hand-The demand was for seals to fitshaftsizesbetween led by the main reactor pump is also inhibited with a 2and 3 inches (approximately 50 to 75mi) at conven-small amount of boric acid and auxiliary charging tional pump speeds of 1800 to 3600 rpm. Pressures pumps maintain the desired bo;on concentration and were up to 400 psig (2756 kPa). Normal operating control the coolant volume. Safety injection pumps temperature in the seal chamber wouldbe 160*F(71*C) quickly deliver borated water to the reactor vessel with an emergency ternperature condition of 3000F should a leak develop in the main coolant system. Re-(149 C) at 200psig (1378 kPa) not exceeding 24 hours. sidual heat removal pumps are used to remove decay Additionally, the seals shouldbecepobleofwith-8 heat from the reactor offerthe coolant system pressure standing a radiation environment of I x 10 rods (1 x drops below a certain value. Componentcooling 106 ykg) total dosage.- pumps and containrr.ent spray pumps perform further

Chief of Technicai Section, John Crane Japan, BASIC CONSIDERATIONS Inc., c/o Starlite industry Co., Ltd., Tenroku Hankyu Bldg., No.5 Teniinbashi-Suji 6-Chome, To better understand the thought process that went O'

Oyodo-ku, Osaka 531, Japan into the seal selection, attention is called to two basic " Chief Engineer, Crane Pocking Company, seal designs - the pusher and non-pusher (Figure 1).It 6400 Oakton Street, Morton Grove, Ill. 60053 is not the intent to review seal fundamentals in this. _. - - - - -. - - - - - - - - -

. r e. stat ntAO marmee nine M AL ntA0 mafuss muse Asst hSLT AsstueLV ASM MSLT ASstWeLT lA0 faits) IsfAftenAmfl (20fairst isfATsomaavl A. A A A., y . Il 11 I L% LL WI$ 1 \\.,,,,,,,, n, e seeine8 / -.-T s -"*e s 7,,,,,,,,,,,

USM40 Atome CLEAAANCE ALLCet sMAFT SU4 FACE FLOAT OvtR SMAFT

= A B FIGURE I - BASIC SEAL CONCEPTS - PUSHER VS. NON-PUSHER paper since it is assumed thaltEc~ reader is well ac-conditions demandedof theapplication did not exist. quainted with them. However, it is important to this Ethylene Propylene rubber was still in its infant stages. discussion to have a clear understanding as to the func-it was decided to use a metal bellow, for the se-

tional differences between both concepts.

condary seal - a decision which subsequently proved On the pusher design (Figure IA) the secondary to be unwise. During the early stages, results looked seal is shownruen "O" ring. It en91d ban wedge ring quite promising when suddenlyafter hours into the en-or some other form of shaft pocking; this point is of durance test, fatigue cracks on some of the bellows minor importance as for as the principle is concerned. developed in the welded areas. Confidence and re-As seal face wearoccurs in operation, the primary ring liability were shattered and our corporate mnnage-moves forword minutely to maintain face contact.But ment immediately made recallof all seals that were in simultaneously the secondary seal is also moved, or the field and at plant sites but fortunately not yet in ser-pushed, along :he shaft diameter. A build up of crud vice. Top priority was given to the development of h or deposits (Figure 2)in front of the secondary seal a suitable elastomer which resulted in a proprietary could stop its movement and hang-up the primary ring, cornpound that withstandsextremeradiationand high prohibiting it to maintain face contact with the mat-temperatures, ing ring and result in gross face leckage. in the case improvements in metal bellows seals have since cf handling a boric acid solution, weepage at the seal been made to meet the performance requirements. faces will come in contact with the shaft surface;the However, in retr:.,apect, a metal bellows seal will most water portion of the solution will evaporate butleave always come in second as for as reliability is concerned, behind a residue of boric acid crystals that couldpack Usually a dozen discsersoarewelded together alter- _ up in front of the secondary sealand render it inoper-notely at the OD and ID, each weld bead represent-ptive. That is the danger ofo pusher design concept ing a potential trouble spot. Furthermore, the thin (, for this critical type of application. metal leaves of from 0.004 to 0.006 inches (0.10 to With the non-pusher design (Figure IB)the second-0.15 mm) are marginal for corrosion resistance. Crit-cry seal is in the form of a bellows. The tail of the ical frequencieswillbepickedupmuch more readily bellows is held to the shaft as a static joint and the by a metal secondary seal whereas elastomers have compensation for seal face wear is provided byminute greater inherent dampening ability to cope with en-extension of the bellows convolution. The irnportant vironmental vibrations. All engineering is a compro-point is that the insidediameterof thebellows, under mise and when metal bellows seals are considered for the convolution, has clearance over the shaft diameter g ri-l and freely glides over it. This allows it to ride over n - 4 crud build-up and deposits and prevents seal hang-up. i w n /.. .sH SEAL. SELECTION i i /j/jg/ j/// j j/ l l /,/</ s //- The choice was for a seal of the non-pusher de- -{h - U'_ -3 sign. This type of seat hodbeen used for trore than a quarter of a century with an elastomeric bellows hav-8 ing great success and a high degreeof reliabilityon a V multitudeofopplications. However, ten yearsago an g elcstomer to withstand the temperature and radiation FIGURE 2 - HANG-UP EFFECT m en-T

t. = O r i MATING RING ASSEMBLY SEAL HEAD ASSEMBLY .l?

l. Mating Ring

3. Primary Ring

,j' ',e /,. l

2. O" Ring

4. Bellows

//'/ / O').: s

5. Retainer F

/ *u. '

6. Spring i

7. Disc f f@

] -w

8. Drive Band

9. Set Screw x

@- rgd xx g -.@, g (

10. Collar f

+ I fl. Spring Holder O. l N O G d) @, (I) I T* ' a - -p 3 CONDITIONS R E SULTS TIME 4 PURPOSE TEMPERATURE PRESSURE AVG. LE AKAGE WEAR LFC REMARKS TEST 3 NO. n 'F 'C PSIG kPe el[h h OELLowS PERFORMANCE (60 71 250 1723 200 NIL 25 000 1 300 14 9 65 448 30 0 NIL 12 000 1.1 3 10' RA05 ISO 73 SO 345 200 NfL > 3 YEARS 70 - 21-== o-o~ 20S 12 784 0 275 ' S S 24' VITON bellows USED 3 PERFORMANCE UNCER s 2[ M D 3888 M MM 2 DN 4 VARIED PRESSURE TEMPERATURE AND SO 2 4 CYCLING CONotfl0NS 27S 635 250 1723 (00 NL 1930 3 GE NER ATE WEAR 300 14 9 200 1378 600 NIL 1950 6 SEALS.100 h/ TEST 6 HIGH CON 0lfl0NS 140 60 200 1378 300 NIL 6580 3 SEALS.100 h/ TEST LIFE DATA UNCER TOTAL el860 HOURS FIGURE 3 - TEST SET-UP AND RESULTS OF 2-l/4 INCH SEAL (57.2 mm) usage to meet specific operating criteria all factors, hardware items were of 304 stainless steel. including safety and health, should be judiciously A total of 1860 hours at 3600 rpm shaft frequency were expendedonthe smaller of the two seals and the weighed. At the present state of the art a non-pusher type test set-up and results are shown in Figure 3. The seal with radiation resistant elastomeric bellows pro-first series of tests (500 hours) were used to qualify vides high reliability while satisfying the demanding the special radiation resistant elastomer hich had 8 been irradiated to l.! x 10 rods (l.1 x 10 J/kg) by a nuclear service requirements. cobalt 60 gamma radiation source. Even after the 300oF (1490C) temperature phase, no adverse effects SEALING 2*a 80. tlc ACID on the elastomer could be detected. Further tests in Performance and reliability data wes established on the series demonstrated the seal to perform under two seal sizesin a 2%by weightboric acid in water sol-cyclic temperature and pressure conditions. The bal-ution. More than 4600 dynamic testhours have de-ance of the tests were used to generate face weardata monstrated tha t these seals perform satisfactorily under of the carbon and tungsten carbide rings. norrnal and severe nuclear operating conditions. The larger seal was tested for 2000 hours at 1800 The two sizes rested were 2-1/4" (57.2 mm) and rpm shaft frequency and the test set-up andresultsare 3-l/4" (82.6 mm). Materials for the sealing faces shown in Figure 4. Here two seals were tested in a were resin treated carbon graphite for the rotating typical double seal arrangement since the equipment primory ring and 6% cobalt binder tungsten carbide is usually utilized for high pressure testing and such for the stationary mating ring. The secondary seal on arrangement tends to concel out axial hydraulic was on elastomeric bellows of either a special radio-thrust loads. The main purpose of the tests was to tion resistant elastomer or Viten. The balance of the generate face wear data under various conditions. *' '~~

~ O MATING RING ASSEMBLY

i. \\

l. Mating Ring

'ic' ~ ~~7 ~ ~ - - ~ ~~ ~

2. "O" Ring

..t. g SEAL HEAD ASSEMBLY j = @ 99?@ 'O C 3 ,,a z., i .s C sfig l'y, t---

3. Pr.imary R.ing

8. Dn.ve Band

,A*gp q 4 Mdr4 m 0 M' f fGW

4. Bellows

9. Set Screw

' = 'l

5. Retainer

10. Collar

6. Spring II. Spring b

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/ r C0h0tfl0Ns R(sULT 3 PUAPCsg .s e... e wiss.a (s.r.gles tea pgnsAmsts l .c y".f"" "."" .n n.. (T .u. .= = .n. s s .s

a. s s.,.

" /;;;'.," FIGURE 4 - TEST SET-UP AND RESULTS OF 3-l/4 INCH SEAL (B2.6 mm) O From this the wear life of the seal con be calculated misconstrued as meaning "zero leakage", it simply by determining the time that it would take to wear means that weepage was so small that it evaporated down the 0.125 inch (3.2 mm) expendeble nose of the before it could be recovered for measurement. It carbon ring. It should be noted that even offer this should also be remembered that these leakage rates occurs catastrophic failure of the seal will not result were realized on Icboratory equipment and that they since sufficientbody of the carbon ring (cmains to run could differ on field installations. Besides the inher-through on emergency period allowing a margin of ent characteristics of the seal, such as design, flot-scfety to replace the worn parts, ness, and surface finish, the equipment that the sect The equipment on which the tests were conducted is installed onhoso contributing influence on its per- . is shown in Figures Sand 6in theirlaboratory environ-formance. Stuffing box squareness, shaft run out, end ment. The summary results of the 2% boric acid tests plate distortions due to improper gasketing and uneven are shown in Teble 1. It should be noted that the seal bolt torquingere some of the things to watch for. Pro-performed directly in the 300 F (149 C) fluid andthat cess vcriobles, such as viscosity and temperature grod-they will perform on field installations at this temper- "F ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ature without benefitofedditional cooling to the seal chamber. However, it must be realized that when ,l g seals are colled upon to operate above the ctmospheric A

Q.,.4..

4i _,,p boiling point of the liquid that seal life will be rela-rively short. As the test results show at300 F(149 C) ( 3 se I [f,k %~' ' '3 life is projected to 1920 and 2970 hours respectively, J' C/ But since they are required to function under these , ~ conditions for a 24 hour emergency period only,this j' ' ' '. i provides a good safety factor of opproximately 100. g.r. : ; -.., SEAL LEAKAGE j j 9 p O - 'C. 25-L The overage leakage ratesmeasuredare well with-1,.._ L.Q_ } L. L J_j l. i._.w in what would be expected of mechenical seals. In L those ecses where " NIL"is shown, this should not be FIG.5-TE ST ECU!PMEN T FOR 2-1/4" SEAL (57.2mm) _._

s, 4 l; ,s O rpm shaft frequency for 1000 hours in our laboratory. C ~ $ "~~~ 7 The test set-up is shown in Figure 8. In the stuffing ~ 000 .,7 i, box presso,e wos 45 p,i, (3:0 keo) ona temge,oture 5 3;;;;;- _ f.,, ~' 1500F (66 C). Based on the weardato projected seal .p life would be over 100 years. No adverse corrosive -ee* s ~. C effects of the 12% borie acid at 150 F (66 C) were hM. b {h' " ';' f[,, . T l I. :, found on the seal components nor did the seal hang up due to boric acid build-up In and around the seal / 2 y-,- -- g, i d This build-up con be seen in Figure 9. On the C]Wi, creo. ) ""t i : g* 2% boric acid test some slight build-up wasalso not-g, i ' Cm h, iceable, but not nearly as pronounced as with 12% f

I Sg f

which is understandable because of the high concen-trolion and operation close to the soturation point of the dissolved crystals. Seol leakoge over the entire .(.

[

test period was " Nil" or for practical purposes not I- __,2 FIG.6-TEST EQUIPMENT FOR3-l/4" 5EAL(82.6mm) .l ients, con also influence leckoge. Interplay of the 12% BORIC ACID AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURE N three moior components:Seol + Equipment + Process = Realized leakoge. Theoretical predictions, based in 1971 opplication requests for handling 12% boric on calculations are often of interest but seldom fit acid at 223 F (106CC) were being mode. It was fur-the real world and are at best on academic exercise. ther desired that rather then utilizing a tungsten cor-The subject is much too complex. Suffice it to soy bide versus tungsten carbide seal face combination that "zero leakoge" is a design goal ond nota reolity that the more economical opproach of carbon versus and that all seals leak -it is only a matter of how tungsten corbide be investigated. The first test, therefore, concerned itself with run-h rnuch. ning at 155 F (68 C) for 1000 hours. An elastomeric 12% BORIC ACID AT MODERATE TEMPERATURE bellows of Buno was also used. The same ANSI B73.1 1974 pump was utilized and results were excellent. .The requirement to seal 12% boric acid in water Seal life, based on wear dato,would be 70 years, but solutionsbe came prevel ent sometime betwee n 1968 and it should be noted that system pressure for this test 1969. The service was slightly different from sealing 2% was only 10 psig (69 kPa). Seal leakage was somewhat boric acid in that it was continuous and at relatively low higher than on the altnost equivalent 2% boric acid temperatures from l40 to l50 F (60 to 66 C) which just test and averaged 46 ml/h. The next series of tests were run at 223 F (106*C) barely meets the solubility of 12% boric acidinwater in this temperature range. Solubility is a functionof for over 2500 hours. Various elastomers were also l s..- temperature as con be seen in Figure 7 which was pre-evoluoted to determine their suitability in 12% boric l pared from informationoveilcble in the lit, roture. l,2 ocid. The first surprise come when ofter 500 hours The basic seal design had already been qualified the carbon grade that had thus for performed so well in the 2% boric acid tests. However, now there was was chemically attacked.which initiated mechanical concern as to the choice of face materials. Weepose breakdown. A carbon grade, that was known to have at the sealing focas and evaporation of wotar vmuld " " " " " " * * * "" *" " t r a "* ** tend to plate out the boric acid crystalset the faces, this being compounded by operating in a close tem- '*",","j'" (**", ea perature band that could easily ollow crystals topre-as ' "" 8 m *

cipitate out of the solution. Residual boric ocid cry-stols between the sealing faces could ser up on abro-sive condition that would weer the carbon seal ring

",*",7,"'","" 4 '"* ~ rapidly reducing seal life significantly. Running Iwo tungsten carbide faces against each other had prove o i quite succeuful onobrasivcopplicationsond therch.so ',4 the choice to replace the carbon primary ring with " ',, *]"* ~ - O tungsten corbide wm made. The qualificoilun test was run with al-3/4"(44. tat:Li. I -

SUMMARY

OF SEAL PERFORMANCE Of 3 mm) size seal cn on ANSI B73.1-1974 pump at 3550 2'Y BORIC ACID SOLUTION -M9- [ ~ ~ an

e e a, . e

sm.ma ngie

$04.u8 UTY OF BORIC ACIO IN WATEM ,,' "[*'_ ne c C:: = =a v.. '"l ~ * * ' ' ~ C.~. -"I i p;.. -= ., 3 .= ...a,. m. .o o [.V] FIGURE 7 - SOLUBILITY OF BORIC ACID performed well in nuclear service,butnotnecessarily Attention was immediately given to 6% nickel with seals, was then utilized and performed with no binder tungsten carbide since according to the liter-signs of chemical attack nor distress with excellent oture nickel showed to be resistant in saturatedboric weor results for 2000 hours. The biggest shock, how-ocid solutions at 212 F (100 C).3 It was found that ever, cc ne offer close examination of the seal parts after 264 hours the nickel binder was attacked ond sev-when it was discovered that the tungsten corbide 6% erly etched as had been experienced with the cobalt cobalt binder rrating ring hed signs of severe corrosive binder. A. attack in the form of leechingoutoithe cobaltbinder. A so-called binderless tungsten carbide which, V There is no doubt thetl2% boric acid in waterar el-however, contains a small percentoge of cobalt was evated temperatures is corrosivel) auch more aggres-evaluated next on two test rings for 160 and 35 hours sive thanhadbeenexpected. Table 11showsthe sign-each and was also found to be attacked withaddition-ificant results on materials that were derived from al chipping and scoring of the material, A chrome oxide coating on 316 stainless steel rings these tests. was evaluated on four tests over 187 hours. None THE SEARCH FOR MATERIALS lasted over 72 hours with heat checkingof the sealing faces and heavy seal leakage resulting. This was ob-The leeching effect of the 12% boric acid solution served on both polished and matte finished surfaces. on the 6% coboit binder of the tungsten carbide ring Testing of a hard chrome plating on a 3f 6 stainless at 223 F (106 C) initiated a search for a suitablemot-steel ring was stopped after 23 hours because of heavy erial for this service. leakoge and badly worn parts. ., g.y N /,,'- n v9 f. W. >Ac l ~- 7 r ~. W f m *- s i : .I,' M ' D. 0> I A'.'. 1 1 I l c'~ l>.f M q '-. I il t .% h y Q M \\,.,, e, s t w 4,: ~g.w.. i a I in .f.... l l Q). )Q' -}',..,M Q f f; Q b .s L, y J . (5~(f l . n z" g .~.._. y'! l V 5 ' "~ r k, s.. ',(51 v, %' .,.L "' i J_- I ) ,o-Q \\' ' ~,. ~.- L_ a -- ~ -( i ,u FIGURE 6 - 12% 60RIC ACID Ti;5T PUMP FIGURE 9 - BORIC ACID BUILD-UP l i ,. - m. -.. ~ - m

f * '. - O water applications up to 180 F (82 C) without auxil-iory cooling to the seal chamber. A chemical rule ,,"'7. of thumb says that a 35'F (20 C) temperature rise of -. u. a corrosive medium, doubles the corrosion rate and since 180 F (82 C) is 43 F (24 C) less than 223 F [... (106 C), a significant irrprovement in the corrosive '+' a ' = MBh "I F5ETT OF TEM'PERATURE ON MATER-acti n n the materials can be upected. A year r so g the request wasmode from the field IALS OF 12% BORIC ACID SOI.UTION IN WATER to evaluate the tungsten carbide seal ringsat 180 F The design philosophy of using a coating on a sub-(82 C) with 12% boric acid. The leeching effect on strate for the wearing faces of mechanical seals has the 6% cobalt binder was less and did not extend always been a questionable'one. Corrosion-wise the over the entire face area where the two rings are in fluid, sooner or later, penetrates the coating and contact and visible only after close examination. destroys the bond at the substrate interface. Differ-After 2000 hours of testing a rotating prirnary tung-ences in therrnal expansion of the two materials ini-sten carbida ring against a stationary tungsten carbide tiotes spalling and this, coupled with the reduced mating ring, the conclusion can be drawn that this expected life factor, because of the thin coating material combination will give satisfactory service ./.' wearing off, again turned attention to the search for for one year seal life. Leakage was from 5 to 8 ml/h, D a solid homogeneous material for the seal ring. well within the 10 ml/h acceptance criteria. The Ceramic (Al O ), widely used material for seal-elastomeric B una bellows was also in good condition. 23 ing faces, was evaluated at 223 F (106 C). After 23 In contrast to these results achieved with the tung-hours the experiment was terminated because of gross sten carbide versus tungsten carbide seal face com-leakage and poor condition of the carbon graphite bination, over 1400 hours of testing a carbongraphite ring that operated against the ceramic ring. A tent-primary seal ring against a tungsten carbide mating ative conclusion is that the low thermal conductivity ring were not sottsfactory. Integrity of the carbon-of the ceramic caused the carbon to run hot, initiat-graphite ring was not maintained which was chipped, ing the failure. Normally ceramicwould notbe sel-scored, and pitted, ected for serviceatelevated temperatures because of To verify the success with the tungsten carbide thermal shock possibility, but this did not occur. , rings running against each other, a further experiment Boron carbide (B C)isselectively used forextreme-was conducted. The tungsten carbide rings were pre-4 ly corrosive applications such as fuming nitric and leeched in 12% boric acid until the entire face area sulphuric acids. It is expensive, but because of its was uniformly attacked several mils into the surface. superior corrosion resistance and natural character-A 1000 hour dynamic test with 12% beric acid at istics for nuclear applications, it was evaluated. Up 180 F (82 C) confirmed the low leakage rates and to 180 F (82 C) results were outstanding, however, integrity of the parts for projected seat life of one /^ at 210*F (99 C) the ring broke into two piecesasthe year. [ (i result of thermal shock. A boron carbide stationary mating ringand carbon Testing and evaluation of materials for seal faces grcphite rotating primary ring were tested for over is continuing for this critical service. To date a sat-1000 hours in 12% boric acid at 180 F (82 C). There isfactory meterial for the mating. ring on service for was no measurable leakage and life is projected for 12% boric acid at 223 F (106 C) has not been found. eight years based on wear data. The boron carbide. ring was in excellent condition with no signs of cor-12% BORIC ACID AT OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE rosive attack. To date this is the best material com-bination tested. Its universal applicEbiiIty is only Considering the variables involved, it appears retarded because of its high initial cost. that the best compromise favors handling 12% boric acid at 180 F (82 C). There is a sufficient margin of RECOMMENDATIONS safety for solubility of the crystals up to 20% (Figure

7) and since the solution is strongly water based a From testing, evoluotion, and experience over a comfortable margin to the boiling point of water is period of years, certain seal recommendations for also maintained. The additional frictional heat gen-boric acid solutions in water con be given. These re-eroted at the sealing faces will not be enough to flect the present state of the art and as the program O-drive the film temperature between the faces above continues advancements and refinements are bound 212 F (100 C), the atmospheric boiling pointof water, to be made.

and support the traditional approach of handling The first consideration is, unless other factors - ___y mm <, --

c...

.aa .-n.-

B s .'s' O .. ~.. 0 to .o se to soo eso a., aMa nama g Let gieaans DELLO.S fvfasst e e t e g e a

==-es. ens.e 5 i e 5 g 3 n;-' '.;;' f s-e f 5,. f m.~,e snet ...ae 8 3 'O' L8'88 L'I 5 BCa.4 unett 't ST .se AAf& 0 1 3 o c.a.oi. no,. l l cm.,. 828 5" .e =.ne,. ...c, ,ou,,,o., cu -n. re,,, i.,, TABLE Ill - SEAL RECOMMENDATION FOR BORIC ACID SOLUTION IN WATER override this, the usage of a non-pusher type seal CONCLUSION design with elastomeric bellows. To withstand the [" '.. radiation requirements, a special anti-rod elastomer The handling of boric acid solutions with mechan-( is necessary. Hardware items such as retainers and ical seals in nuclear power plants requires not only springs have been found to be satisfactory when of knowledge, experience, and sound engineering 304 stainless steel. [udgment, but a sense of social responsibility. With From this point on the diffennce is only the selec-the exception of death, there is no absolute certain-tion of theproperseal facecombinations for the var-ty and all problems do not have clear cut onswers. Ious temperatures and concentrations to oc.hieve a At most with a very high degree of integrity, we con reasonable wear life, acceptable leakage, and min-only be very sure of our recommendations, which are Imum corrosion. founded on many documented reports and countless Table ill and its accompanying chart, which will hours of evaluation. It is in this spirit that the in-be recognized as part of the solubility curve of Fig-formation is presented. ure 7, shows four areas of service denoting the rnot-crials as o function of temperatureand concentration. SPECIAL REFERENCES Area l shows that up to 2% boric acid and 300 F (149 C) carbon graphite and tungsten carbide (WC)

1. Kirk-Othmer, Encyclopedia of Chemical Tech-cre satisfactory face combinations. Life, as has nology, Second Completely Revised Edition, been shown in Table I, is greater than three years Volume 3, Page 612 for normal operation and well within specifications

2. Perry, John H., Chemical Engineers Handbook,

[ ' /for severe operating conditions. In Area 2, cover-Fourth Edition,1963. Periodic Chart. (' ' ing above 2% to 12% boric acid up to 180 F (82 C),

3. Rabald, Erich, Corrosion Guide, Elsevier Pub-o seal face combination of tungsten carbide (WC) lishirig Co., Second Revised Edition, Page 109, versus tungsten carbide will yield a seal life of one 1968 year. For greater seal life, up to ei ' e years, the.

best combination is carbon graphite for the primary GENERAL REFERENCES ring and boron carbide (B C) for the mating ring. 4 Area 3 covers the critical range of 12% boric acid A. Abar, John W., Seal Performance Testing for up to 223*F (106 C). It is already known that a Nuclear Power Plant Safety injection Systems, special carbon-graphite is required for the rotating Crane Pocking Company's Publication No. 3472, ring and evaluation of a suitable mating ring is in February 15, 1970 progress. Area 4, which is above the solubility B. Technical Data, Connecticut Yankee Atomic curve and in which range the boric acid crystals are Power Company, Nuclear Generating Station, not in solution, will in practice hardly occur. It Publication CY2110 SM-4-67 would require special considerations, which are dif-ficult to attain in nuclear power plant operations, such as steam tracing a jacketed pump stuffing box cr injecting a clear water flush into the seal cham-ber. - ~ - .+ -ww --}}

ML20064E512

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