ML20059E883

Fourteenth Quarterly Rept,Cleveland Electric Illuminating Co Seismic Monitoring Network,Jan-June 1990. W/Three Oversize Drawings

ML20059E883
Person / Time
Site:	Perry
Issue date:	06/30/1990
From:	WESTON GEOPHYSICAL CORP.
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NUDOCS 9009100377
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FOURTEENTH QUARTERLY REPORT CEI SEISMIC MONITORING NETWORK i

J ANUARY 1 THROUGH JUNE 30,1990

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i Prepared for CLEVELAND ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY AUGUST 1990 d&f l

Weston GeophyCORPORATION sical i

I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES i

LIST OF FIGURES 11

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

1 2.0 SEISMIC NETWORK 1

3.0 OBSERVED SEISMICITY l

I 3.1 Epicentral Area of January 31,1986 1

3.2. The Corridor between the January 31,1986 Epicenter and the injection Wells 1

3.3 Other events Recorded by AUTOSTAR 2

4.0 DISCUSSION 2

4.1 Epicentral Area of January 31,1986 2

l 4.2 The Corridor between the January 31,1986 i

Epleenter and the injection Wells 2

I-4.3 Other events Recorded by AUTOSTAR -

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5.0 CONCLUSION

3 6.0 A r" >

"GEMENT 3

TABLES FIGURES i

APPENDIL t '" DRESSURE AND VOLUMETRIC INJECTION DATA q

APPENDL Gid < ELL INVESTIGATIONS

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

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2.0 METHOD

O? INVESTIGATION B-2 3.0 RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION B-3

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Dewey Road B-3 Eastern Lake County B-4

4.0 CONCLUSION

S B-4 Dewey Road B-4 Eastern Lake County B-5 References B-7 3550)

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FOURTEEN 11s QUARTERLY REPORT CEI SEISMIC MONITORING NETWORK l-JANUARY l THROUGH JUNE 30,1990 4

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Prepared for CLEVELAND ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY i -

l-l AUGUST 1990

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TABLE OF CGNTENTS q

Page LIST OF TABLES i

l LIST OF FIGURES 11

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1 2.0 SEISMIC NETWORK I

3.0 OBSERVED SEISMICITY 1

3.1 Epleentral Area of January 31,1986 1

3.2 The Corridor between the January 31,1986 Epicenter and the injection Wells 1

1 3.3 Other events Recorded by AUTOSTAR 2

4.0 DISCUSSION 2

4.1 Epicentral. Area of January 31,1986 2

4.2 The Corridor between the January 31,1986 Epicenter and the Injection Wells 2-4.3 Other events Recorded by AUTOSTAR 3-

5.0 CONCLUSION

3 6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 3=

i TABLES FIGURES l

APPENDIX A CALHIO PRESSURE AND VOLUMETRIC INJECTION DATA APPENDIX B GAS WILL INVESTIGATIONS T

1.0 INTRODUCTION

B-1 1

B-2 2.0 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION 3.0 RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION B-3 Dewey Road B-3 l

Eastern Lake County B-4

4.0 CONCLUSION

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Dewey Road B-4 1

Eastern Lake County B -S -

References B-7 o

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.n LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1 Microcarthquakes inside the CEI Micronet Aperture or in the immediate Vicinity (January 1, to June 30,1990) i

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LIST OF TABLES FOR APPENDIX B i

TABLE 1 Dewey Road Gas Well Data i

TABLE 2 Dewey Road Microearthquakes 4

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LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE 1 Seismicity; January - June 1990 FIGURE 2 Cumulative Seismicity (1/31/1986 - 6/30/90) i LIST OF FIGURES FOR APPENDIX B FIGURE B-1 Dewey Road Gas Wells Drilling Completion Dates FIGURE B-2 Dewey Road Gas Wells Hydrofrac Dates FIGURE B-3 Dewey Road Gas Wells Production Dates (on-line)

FIGURE B-4 Dewey Road Gas Wells initial Gas Production (IP) 4 FIGURE B-5 Additional Dewey Road Gas Wells Drilling Completion Dates FIGURE B-6 Additional Dewey Road Gas Wells initial Gas Production (IP)

PLATE 1

Well Locations PLATE 2

Completion Dates PLATE 3

Initial Production Rates 3550J

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

In accordance with its agreement with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Cleveland Electric Illuminating (CEI) continues to monitor the seismic activity in a restricted region of Northeastern Ohio, encompassing the locale of the Perry l

Nuclear Power Plant, two deep injection wells operated by CALHIO (ICA Americas, Inc.), and the epicentral area of the January 31, 1986 earthquake.

This fourteenth Quarterly Report covers the monitoring period from January 1, 1990, to June 30, 1990. In addition, Appendix A provides the volumetric data from the two Calhio wells for the same period. Appendix B summarizes research completed on the possible influence of gas wells on microseismic activity.

2.0 SEISMIC NETWORK During the first six months of 1990, the Automated Seismic Telemetering and' Recording System (AUTOSTAR) and the Geneva station performed quite reliably with a total uptime percentage of 94.8%. Most of the downtime was caused by telephone line problems.

3.0 OBSERVED SEISMICITY l

3.1 Epicentral Area of the January 31,1986 Earthquake There was no microcarthquake activity detected during this period. The last event reported occurred on December 28,1988.

3.2 The Corridor between the January 31,.1986 Epicenter and the injection Wells l

l During this period of six months, five small microearthquakes were detected by.

AUTOSTAR within the aperture of the CEI network or near it. The location parameters for these events are listed on Table 1 and the epicenters are presented on Figure 1. Locations of the stations and injection wells are included on the same figure for orienting the reader. Figure 2 presents the cumulative seismicity observed in the area since the January 31,1986 earthquake.

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'h 3.3 Other Events Recorded by AUTOSTAR On January 1,1990, the CEI and JCU networks detected a microcarthquake (M =2.2) originating in the vicinity of Ashtabula. Trial epicentral solutions c

suggest a location fairly similar to :that of other events that have occurred periodically since July 1987 close to a deep injection well.

On May 26, the two networks detected an event (M =1.3) located in the c

vicinity of Fairport Harbor, not far from an injection well. The location parameters of this event are given on Table 1 and the epicenter has been included in Figures 1 and 2.

Finally on June 4, both networks recorded an event well outside their aperture, 200 km away, in the vicinity of Fostoria, Ohio. Phase arrival times were given j

to the University of Michigan which operates the Anna seismic ne.twork.

Observed coda lengths of 120 sec from the CEI net suggest a magnitude Mc close to 3.0, substantially larger than 2.25 reported by the University of Michigan.

4.0 DISCUSSION 4.1 Epicentral Area of the January 31,1986 Earthquake The eighteen month absence of microseismic activity in the Leroy area is not surprising since it previously occurred in 1987 and 1988. The periodic absence of I

microselsmic activity is a characteristic of northeastern seismicity patterns.

4.2 The Corridor Between the January 31,1986 Epicenter and the Injection Wells.

1 The activity in the corridor has been very low, as in the last four years. The average rate of one event per month continues to hold. With the use of the coda length magnitude defined as:

M = 2.21 log Duration (sec)-1.71, c

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it can' be seen that the observ^d events were extremely small, with a duration varying from 5 to 8 seconds. At this low level of the activity, it is unwise to infer a' definite tectonic significance. In addition, one is never sure that the recorded tremors are natural and not related to extraneous man influence.

I The relative-shallowness of all the events forming a cluster observed at the center of the network aperture compared to the deeper hypocenters of the Leroy seismic source as well as the persisting seismic' gap between these two areas suggest the existence of two distinct seismic regimes. This minimizes the likelihood of the Calhlo wells having a causal influence on the Leroy earthquake.

4.3

' Other Events' Recorded by AUTOSTAR The repeated occurrences of small events in the immediate vicinity.of deep.

Injection wells, either at Fairport Harbor or Ashtabula, and even within the array, increase the probability of some causal relationship regardless of the=

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absence of a strict demonstration. This' spatial proximit'y' of -microevents to j

injection wells is observed too often to be considered a random coincidence.

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5.0 CONCLUSION

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The CEI network has operated quite reliably during the first six months of 1990.

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This is partly attributed to the fact that -the telephone company has ~ made progress in resolving problems that persistently affected one station of the network.

No activity w s observed in the Leroy area where the January 31, 1986 earthquake originally occurred.

Only five small events, with magnitude M =0.3 or less, were located within or near the.CEI network aperture. Further c

j away, one event occurred near Ashtabula and one~other near Fairport Harbor; i

deep injection wells are operated in both areas.

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it can be seen that the observed events were extremely small, with a duration varying from 5 to 8 seconds. At this low level of the activity, it is unwise to infer a definite tectonic significance, in addition, one is never sure that the recorded tremors are natural and not related to extraneous man influence.

i The relative shallowness of all the events forming a cluster observed at the.

l center of the network aperture compared to the deeper hypocenters of the Leroy seismic source as well as the persisting seismic gap between these two areas suggest the existence of two distinct seismic regimes. This minimizes the likelihood of the Calhio wells having a causal influence on the Leroy earthquake.

4.3 Other Events Recorded by AUTOSTAR The repeated occurrences of small events in the immediate vicinity of deep injection wells, either at Fairport Harbor or Ashtabula, and even within the array, increase the probability of some causal relationship regardless of the absence of a strict demonstration. This spatial proximity. of microevents to injection wells is observed too often to be considered a random coincidence.

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5.0 CONCLUSION

S The CE! network has operated quite reliably during the first six months of 1990.

This is partly attributed to the fact that the telephone company has made progress in resolving problems that persistently affected one station of the network.

No activity was observed in the Leroy area where the January 31, 1986 earthquake originally occurred.

Only five small events, with magnitude M =0.3 or less, were located within or near the CEI network aperture. F.urther c

away, one event occurred near Ashtabula and one other near Fairport Harbor; deep injection wells are operated in both areas, s

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CEI continues to oelieve thatithe Leroy earthquake was not causally related.to-the Cathio injection wells, a question raised four years ago by the USGS and

USNRC, 6.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT l

CEI and Weston Geophysical are grateful to Rev. W.R. Ott, S.J. of the John -

Carroll University Seismological Observatory for contributing. data from his network. Considering the small aperture of CEl's network, the additional data-are critical to the locationing of several events.

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TABLE Weston Geophysical

TABLE 1

PICRCEARTHQUAKE INSID E THE MICRJh ET APERTURE OR IN THE IMMEDI ATE VICINITY 1793 NC. YEAR MODY HRMNSEC LAT.N LGAG.W.

O RMS EH EI N

NS GAP MC 50 TR.ND

'1 1953 0331 025526.6 41-7303-81.1001 2.C 0.05 0.3 0.6 9-5 134

.2 WG 4933

2. 1950.0505 212924.0 41.7111 81.0556 2.1 0.03 0.2

-1.5.13 8 194

.2 WG 5086

3. 1990 0519 222828.5 41.6301'81.1269 2.1 0.05 0.2 13.0-8

.5 153

.2 WG 5153

4. 1950 0522-140632.2 41.7026 81.1119 2.2 0.05 0.3 3.9 9

5 162

.3'WG 5159

5. 1990 3526 095118.9 41.7498-31.2624 2.4 0.04 0.2 3.8 13 8 186 1.3 WG 5197-

6. 1950 0526-120735.4 41.7300 81.0774 2.3 0.03 0.2 0.2.10.

5 236. 1 WG 5198 Jt.L 0 2 e 179 0 o

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5 MWes Cumulative Seismicity a m e n eorisonate 10 ru,;ralude, f

1/31/96 - 6/30/90 Figure 2

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Al'ENDIX A CALHIO 1)RESSURE AND VOLUMETRIC INJECTION DATA.

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M/sY JUN 1990 TIME Solid hnes represent Well #1 Dashed knes represent Well #2 Data provided by ICI Americas. Perry. Ohio i

PERRY HUCLEAR POWER PLANT N

THE CLEVELAND ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY Dally injection Volurno and Observed Seismicity 1990 Fig'ure A 1-1 1

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APPENDIX B -

GAS WELL INVESTIG ATIONS 1

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f GAS WELL INVESTIGATIONS

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The purpose of this investigation is to assess the potential association of microcarthquake activity with gas well operations in the, vicinity of the CEI seismic network in northeastern Ohio. The origin of microseismicity, recorded by_

the small aperture network, still remains undetermined' with several potential i

sources under consideration. The shallow occurrence of the microevents, in an area of oil and gas field operations, suggested that the potential for induced seismicity should be evaluatedi The precipitating event of the investigation was I

the recording of four seismic events in a previously aseismic area near Dewey Road, Madison Township, where gas well drilling operations had been recently j

initiated.

The occurrence of induced seismicity has been related in a number of locations around the world to high prassure waste injection wells, hard rock mining, reservoir l

impoundment loading, ar.J water injection for enhanced petroleum recovery, (Healy et al.,1968; Ralelan et al.,19',1; Sampson,1976; Evans and Steeples,1987; Pennington et al.,1986). Induced, or.nore appropriately, triggered earthquakes are typically sma".1 and non-destructive; however, several events exceeding magnitude 5.0 are noted, for example, events rectrded at the Rocky Mountain Arsenal waste injection facility near Denver, Coloradi. Seismic events occurring in association with oil and gas field operations have generally a lower. magnitude (less than 3.0Mb). A typical occurrence of such activity is reported in the Gobles oil field'in southwestern Ontario, in a geological environment similar to.that of northeastern Ohio (Mereu et al.,1986). Although the occurrence of triggered seismicity is apparently more characteristic of high pressure injection or large-scale formation flooding for enhanced petroleum recovery, the potential for some relationship with simple gas extraction could not be ignored, particularly in light of the activity in the Gobles oil field just across Lake Erie, i

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Several aspects of gas well installation and operation with the potential for triggering microseismicity or generating seismic noise.were evaluated. Amoung these were drilling activities, hydrofracturing, and initial Gas Production.

2.0 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION Available information on gas well drilling, testing, installation and operation was compiled from the Ohio Geological Survey and operators / producers. Evaluation and assessment of the information was conducted and comparisons made with the chronological and spatial occurrence of seismic events.

P Available information on gas wells related to drilling, installation, development and production, relevant to record 3d microseismic events included:

- Drilling dates

- Hydrofracture dates

- Hydrofracture data

- Production dates

- Initial Production (IP)

This information was obtained from well completion ~ an'd production records, geophysical well logs, and well summary cards. Hydrofracture da+a = sheets were obtained from well operators, for 5 wells in the-Dewey Road area of Madison Township. Well operators are reluctant to reveal information on hydrofracturing; therefore, detailed data on rock breakdown pressures and initial shut in pressures l

(ISIP) were not widely available.

Because of the proximity of four isolated' seismic events to recently drilled gas I

wells (909, 952, 958,962, and 968) in the Dewey Road area, the initial evaluation of the data base concentrated in some detail on this area. An aerial reconnaissance i

flight by CEI and Weston personnel confirmed the existence of recent gas well drilling operations in the general vicinity of Dewey Road. Dates of well drilling, completion, hydrofracturing and initial production were compiled for comparison.

with the seismic event chronology (Tables 1 and 2). These data on gas. well production were also plotted on maps of the area to evaluate potentially anomalous patterns for comparison with seismicity trends (Figures 1-4).

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Of the four microcarthquakes observed in the Dewey area (Table 2) the last three are almost equivalent to a point source (Figure 1). The first one, on October 22, 1988 is plotted slightly to the north. A re-examination of the data suggests that this epicenter could well be with the other three, considering that it has a larger location uncertainty resulting from the fact that digital playback of the data was not possible for that event. Readings were thus made from the analog traces, with a reduced accuracy.

A similar though more general assessment of gas well and formation data ' was undertaken, encompassing the cluster of microseismicity obsen>ed in eastern Lake

County, v

3.0 RESULTS OF INVESTIGATION Dewey Road The aerial reconnaissance and subsequent office verification of the gas well drilling activities near Dewey Road revealed that several wells were in fact dr'lled close to the time of the recorded seismic activity. Data. on the location, drilling, completion and hydrofracturing of the five identified. wells (Table 1,~ Figures 1-4),shows the wells to be located -approximately 1 mile northeast of the seismic events. Comparison of Tables 1 and 2 indicate that there is no exact correlation of the dates of the seismic events with dates of drilling and hydrofracturing. 'It should be pointed out that three wells located in the immediate vicinity of the seismic events were installed in January of 1985 (Figures 5 and 6). Although a spatial correlation is apparent, there is obviously no temporal relationship of the seismicity with well drilling dates.

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Initial gas production values are obtained by measuring gas volume produced by a well over a finite time interval, typleally 2-6 hours. This value is extrapolated to a 24 hour2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> rate expressed in units of_ mcf or 1000 cubic feet per' day. The accuracy of the reported figures may be somewhat questionable as the operators have some leeway in terms of the testing interval, which could allow for optimistic production projections, depending on the operators intentions. Despite this, the regional patterns of initial gas production are not likely to be significantly affected by this factor, because the range of observed IP values (0-6000mcf) is' much greater than t

that which might be reasonably attributed to operator " adjustment".

IP values in the Dewey Road area range from 50 down to 15 mcf, on the low end of :

the regionally reported values. There is no relationship apparent of IP from the 5 recently drilled wells or any older wells in the area with the pattern of seismicity.

No anomalously high IP values were found for the area.

Eastern Lake County Evaluation of a large data base for a broader area comprising eastern Lake County included plotting of well completion dates and IP values. Large scale working figures are provided in an enclosed map pocket, No specific correspondence of well completion dates with the dates of the microseismic events was observed.'

L Generally, wells in the vicinity of the seismicity have completion dates in 1984 and 1985, prior to installation of the seismic net. Microseismicity was not recorded until installation of the seismic net in 1986.

IP values recorded in eastern Lake County range from 0 to 6000 mcf. Consistently higher values occur in some irregularly _ shaped areas, for example, a large area encircles South Madison immediately northeast of.the cluster of microseismicity.

A small zone of several wells with IP values of 2300-5000 mcf includes microevent 10-20-86. The main cluster of microseismic activity does not correspor.d to any particular IP values or patterns.

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4.0 CONCLUSION

S The following' conclusions are based on evaluation of the results of the investigations completed to date.

Dewey Road Evaluation of microseismicity and gas well drilling, completion and production activities in the Dewey Road area of South Madison shows no significant spatial or temporal correlations that would indicate'an induced or triggered origin for the microseismicity. First, the recently drilled wells are located approximately 1 mile northeast of the microevents. Secondly, the dates of the well drilling and completion activities, with a potential to be directly or indirectly a cause of microseismicity, in particular hydrofracturing, do not correlate. with the l

microevent chronology. Finally, indirect indicators such as Initial Production (IP) values for the wells in the area show no anomalous patterns or trends that might indicate a causal relationship with seismicity.

If the wells are somehow involved with the seismic activity, the mechanism is not apparent from the available data. The spatial and temporal relationships, if they occur, are consequently not directly observable but rather shifted or delayed by some unknown factor.

Eastern Lake County

(

A more general evaluation of the potential correlation of gas well activities in l

eastern Lake County with the larger cluster of microevents recorded since 1986, shows no significant spatial or temporal correlations. Although a wide range of IP I

values is reported (0-6000mcf), the location and patterns of anomalous lows and highs is unrelated to the patterns of seismic activity. In general, the dates of well-completions do not correspond to the microevent chronology. However, it is l

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i possible that microevents were occurring in the region prior to installation of the sensitive seismic network. In addition, no specific correlations of well completions and individual microevents was noted. The possibility of a delayed response to long term gas withdrawals and formation pressure declines was not assessed because the available production data is insufficient for that purpose. Nonetheless', such a possibility should not be ruled out.

It must be realized that this investigation' was limited to searching for potential i

correlations between the microseismicity and gas' wells from a relatively limited available data base. With the exception of the limited hydrofracture dates, which represented a potential direct cause of the microevents, the typical gas well data served only as a possible indicator of a linkage between the two activities. Given the results of the investigation, with no apparent evidence of spatial or temporal relationships, the probability of a caual linkage is reduced but not eliminated.

Unresolved key components of this problem are: 1) the depth uncertainty of the microseismicity and, 2) the lack 'of a detailed history of individual gas well production. If the events should prove to be occurring within the Clinton formation, then a much greater probability exists that gas well activities, as yet not fully understood, are a factor in the occurrence of microseismic events. - As, yet, there is no understanding of the long term influence of-gas depletion on the Clinton formation and whether such depletion might contribute to the generation of microseismicity.

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References Evans, D.G., and Steeples, D. W.,1987, Microcarthquakes near the Sleepy Hollow Oil Field, Southwestern Nebraska, Bull. Sels. Soc. AM., vol. 77, p.132-140.

Healy, J.H.,

Rubey, W. W., Griggs, D.T., and Raleigh, C.B.,

1968, The Denver Earthquades, Science, vol.161, p 1301-1310.

Mereu, R.F., Brunet, J., Morrissey, K., Price, B., and Yapp, A.,1986 A study cf the microcarthquakes of the Gobles oil field area of Southwestern Ontario Bult. Seism. Soc.

America, vol. 76, p.1215-1223.

Pennington, W.D., Davis, S.D., Carlson, S.M., Dupree, J., and Ewing, T.E.,1986 The evolution of seismic barriers and asperities caused by depressuring of fault planes in oil and gas fields of South Texas, Bull. Sels. Soc. Am., vol. 76, p. 939-948.

Raleigh, C.B., Healy, J.H., Bredehoeft, 1972, Faulting and crustal stress at Rangely Colorado, Geophys. Monograph Am Geophys. Union, vol.16, p. 275-284.

Simpson, D.W.1976 Seismicity changes associated with Reservlor loading, Engineering Geology, vol.10, no. 2-4, p 123-150.

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r Table 1 t

Dewey Road Gas Well Data Well #

909 952 958 962 966' j

Date Drilling 82988 10-19 89 9 6-88 9 2 12189 Commenced

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I Date Drilling Completed 8 31-88 10 27-89 91088-4-88 1-26 89 L

Frac Date 9888 10 29 89 91788 9-12-88 2-1-89 Production Date 2-1-89 12-7-89 11 30 88 2-1 89 5 18-89 4

(on line)

InitialProduction(IP) 50 mcf 25 mcf -

50 mcf 50 mcf 15 mcf l

I Table 2 Dewey Road Microcarthquakes i

Date Time Lat*N.

Long*W D(Km).

Me 1988,0ct. 22 201132.9 41.7150 81.0578 2.5

~ 0.1 1989,' March 9 033045.8 41.7105 81.0581 2.0 0.6 1989, March 10 165722.4 41.7107 81.0585 1.9

.2 1989, March 12 192349.6 41.7113 81.0596 2.0 0.1 4

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i OVERSIZE DOCUMENT i PAGE PULLED .;[. SEE APERTURE CARDS NUMBER OF 0VERSIZE PAGES FILMED ON APERTURE CARDS .i i L APERTURE CARD / NARD COPY AVAILABLE FROM G1ECORDS AND REPORTS MANAGEMENT BRANCH l ? i l'l' i

I l l l PLATES OF APPENDIX B FOURTEENTH QUARTERLY REPORT l CEI SEISMIC MONITORING NETWORK JANUARY 1 THROUGH JUNE 30,1990 1 Prepared for 4 CLEVELAND ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY 3 AUGUST 1990 4% Weston GeophyCORPORATION sical ., _ _. _, _ _.. _... ~.... _ _ _ _ _. _ _. _ .. ~ -}}