ML20058K780

Requests Commission Approval to Assist DOE in Funding Joint Coordinating Committee for Civilian Nuclear Reactor Safety Working Group 7, Health Effects & Environ Protection Considerations Activities

ML20058K780
Person / Time
Issue date:	07/06/1990
From:	Taylor J NRC OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS (EDO)
To:
References
TASK-PINC, TASK-SE JCCCNRS-WG-7, SECY-90-238, NUDOCS 9007110194
Download: ML20058K780 (49)

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POLICY ISSUE July 6, 1990 SEC M O-2?s8 (NEGATIVE CONSENT) t For:

The Comissioners I

l From:

James M. Taylor l

Executive Director for Operations

Subject:

JCCCNRS WORKING GROUP 7 FUNDING

Purpose:

To obtain Comission approval to assist DOE in funding Joint Coordinating Comittee for Civilian Nuclear Reactor Safety (JCCCNRS) Working Group 7. " Health Effects and Environmental Protection Considerations" activities.

Backcround:

SECY-88-031, dated December 2, 1988, provided t.e original background of the U.S. Government's current cooperation with the Soviet Union in the area of.

civilian nuclear power plant safety.

SECY-89-086, dated March 9, 1989, and SECY-89-351, dated November 24, 1989, identified Working Group 7 as offering a unique and valuable opportunity to the U.S. for joint participation in Soviet investigations into the health and environmental effects of the Chernobyl accident.

Discussion:

JCCCNRS Working Group 7 continues to provide an important opportunity for the U.S. Government to work with the Soviets in collecting and analyzing environmental and health effects from the Chernobyl accident. We view the success of this working group as crucial to the overall success of the JCCCNRS activities.

Since the Working Group 7 meetings held in September, 1989, which were reported to the Comission in SECY-89-351, we have exchanged several proposals with the Soviets regarding the scope and content of Working Group 7 activities. Until recently little progress has been made in these exchanges.

Contact:

James W. Clifford, OEDO NOTE:

TO BE MADE PUBLICLY AVAILABLE 492-1726 WHEN THE FINAL SRM IS MADE AVAILABLE

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The Commissioners 2-This situation changed when Dr. Murray Schulman from the Department of Energy (DOE), which has lead responsibility for Working Group 7 activities for the U.S., led a delegation to the Soviet Union for meetings from May 26 through June 9, 1990. Agreements were reached for Working Group 7.1, " Environmental Transport," (Enclosure l

1) and Working Group 7.2, " Health Effects," (Enclosure 1

2).

These agreements are more in line with earlier U.S.

proposals from the September 1989 meetings, and include joint research as well as provisions for access to raw environmental and health data from the Chernobyl accident. A significant aspect of these agreements is the fact that separate agreements had to be negotiated for each subgroup. We feel this is primarily because of the diversity of the Soviet organizations involved in the topics of environmental and health studies. We also would like to emphasize that within Working Group 7.2, we had to work out separate agreements, first with the t

central government organizations in Obninsk and Moscow, l

and then with the All-Union Center in Kieve Ukraine.

The programs negotiated by Dr. Schulman's delegation for Working Group 7.1 and 7.2 were developed as a two-phase approach..The cooperation will be implemented through an exchange of scientists for participation in research and training, and through workshops and other meetings.

The first phase involves a period of from 12 to 18 months supported by a significant though limited level of funding, and is designed to establish the feasibility and productivity of the programs. The cooperation will include, as appropriate and agreed upon, models, raw data, registry information, biological samples, methodology, limited amounts of equipment and supplies necessary for joint study, collaboration in data analysis, study design and joint publication of results.

Progress will be reviewed at the end of the phase I, and I

with. sufficient progress and prospects for continued l

success, the Working Groups could propose a significant expansion of the level of effort, including provisions for additional material and equipment.

DOE estimates that Phase I will cost approximately $2 million to implement. DOE has agreed to provide a significant portion of the required funding,'and has requested that NRC assist in the funding. Such NRC financial assistance was supported by former Chairman Zech during early discussions of this effort. We 1

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The Comissioners propose to provide $500,000 to assist in implementing Pt,ase I of the Working Group 7 activities.

This amount is available from current unobligated funds.

Recomendation:

.That the Comission:

note that the staff intends to provide the proposed funding to JCCCNRS Working Group 7 activities 10 days from the date of this paper unless notified otherwise by the Comission.

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xecutive D rector for Operations l

Enclosures:

1. Working Group 7.1. Agreement

" Environmental Transport" l

1

2. Working Group 7.2. Agreement 4

" Health Effects" SECY NOTE:

In the absence of instructions to the contrary, SECY will notify the staff on Friday, July 20, 1990, that the Commission, by negative consent, assents to the action proposed in this paper.

DISTRIBUTION:

Commissioners OGC OIG i

GPA EDO ACRS ACNW ASLBP ASLAP SECY

r Joint Coordinating Committee on Civilian Nuclear Reactor Safety i

Working Group 7.1 on Environmental Transport Em0ME1 Memorandum of Heetings June 7, 1990 i

Introduction l

I The US delegation of the Combined Working Group 7.1 and 7.2 visited the Soviet Union for 26 May through 9 June 1990.

The purpose was to reach agreement on the first phases of the cooperative scientific program to be conducted by the two countries.

During the visit to the USSR, the following meetings were i

held:

May 28 Heeting of 7.1 Group at the USSR State Committee i

for'Hydrometeorology Headquarters in Moscow May 29 Heeting of 7.2 Group at the Institute of Biophysics in Moscow f

May 30 Heeting of 7.1 Group at the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology Headquarters in Moscow Hay 31 Heeting of 7.2 Group at the USSR Academy of f

Medical Sciences in Moscow l

June 1 Heeting of 7.1 Group at Regional Hydrometeorology J

Headquarters in Minsk l

June 2 Heeting of 7.2 Group at the Institute of Medical I

Radiology Clinic near Hinsk l

June 4 Heeting of 7.2 Group at the All-Union Centre of l

Radiation Medicine in Kiev June 5 Separate meetings of Groups 7.1 and 7.2 at the All-Union Centre of Radiation Medicine in Kiev June 6 Combined meeting of Groups 7.1 and 7.2 at the Scientific Production Association

" Typhoon" in Obninsk June 7 Separate meetings of Groups 7.1 and 7.2 at the Scientific Production Association " Typhoon" and i

the Institute of Medical Radiology in Obninsk.

This was followed by a combined meeting at the i

Scientific Production Association

" Typhoon" to sign the Memoranda of Heetings, i

1 t

This memorandum states the agreements that were reached o

concerning the scientific work of Working Group 7.1 during the

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i next few months. The schedules noted below are subject to some revision depending upon the availability of the participants.

l To11owing the completion of the work described below, it is planned that a small delegation from the USSR will visit the US l

in March 1991 to review the work that has been accomplished and to plan the additional work for the remainder of Calendar Year 1991.

l The exchange visits of scientists will take place under the condition that the host country will pay for internal transportation, hotel, and per diem expenses. The exact details of the procedure will be specified by correspondence.

Scientific work Both sides agreed that Working Group 7.1 on Environmental Transport will carry out its work in seven projects. These pro-jects in terms of their objectives, discussion and mechanism have been explained in the letter to Dr. Ponomarev-Stepnoy from James H. Taylor dated January 19, 1990 (incorporated here as Appendix 1). Some small changes were made as contained in the letter to Dr. M. Schulman from Dr. U. E. Kazakov dated March 16, 1990 (Ap-pendix 2).

This memorandum will document additional changes agreed to during this meeting of Working Group 7.1.

The Working Group agreed to combine four of the originally proposed projects into two projects. The ' projects to be combined are'7.1.D and 7.1.E; the new title will be " Transfer of Radionuc-l lides Through Terrestrial Food Chains and the Resulting Dose to Man". Projects 7.1.H and 7.1.1 will also be combined into one project with the title "Intercalibration of Methods for Heasuring Radioactive Contaminants in the Environment".

The Working Group 7.1 further agreed to make some changes in the objective, discussion and mechanism for project 7.1.G; the l

new title of the project will be "Modeling the Behaviour of Radi-I onuclides in a Soil-Aquatic System, Including Rivers and Reser-voirs".

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The revised list of projects and the currently agreed to changes are given below.

7.1. A.

Research on Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling

( Objective and Discussion the same as in 7.1.A in Appendix 1).

1 The coordinators for this project from the USSR will be V.A.

Borzilov and V.N.Petrov and the coordinator for the US will be P.H. Gudiksen.

Schedule: A USSR delegation of four persons will visit Law-rence Livermore National Laboratory for two weeks during the last half of October 1990. During this working session, further work will be planned; the US delegation will visit the Institute of Experimental Heteorology in Obninsk some time later (preferably in 1990).

During the first meeting, scientists will adress the follo-wing topics:

- Continental scale atmospheric dispersion model development and evaluation;

- Local /mesoscale atmospheric dispersion model development l

and evaluation; and

- Methodology for combining radioactivity measurements. with model predictions for source-term estimatior The purpose of the first meeting is to discuss the details l

of our respective modeling approaches within each of _ the above areas and to formulate specific areas for collaborative research designed to improve our respective emergency-response capabili-ties.

The purpose of the second meeting will be to continue the discussion begun in Livermore, to become more familiar with the details of the Soviet continental and mesoscale models, to compa-re the components of the Soviet and American models with a view of exchanging the best procedures, and to examine meteorologacal and radiological data sets from Chernobyl or other situations in terms of how they can be used for model validation. During the second meeting, the US group will also become familiar with the Soviet approach of model interaction with monitoring data, will discuss US concepts for this purpose, and the Group will consider various methods of achieving improvement.

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i 7.1.B. Wind-Driven Resuspension of Toxic Aerosols

( Objective and Discussion the same as an 7.1.B in Appendix 1).

The coordinators for this project will be L. R. Anspaugh for the US and E. K. Garger for the USSR.

Schedule: It is proposed that this project will begin during a visit of two US scientists to the radioecological meeting at Zeleny Mys during September 1990. At that meeting, the focus of discussion will be empirical data and theories relating to the process of the resuspension of aerosols and preliminary planning for the conduct of laboratory and field studies. Simultaneously, the US side will become familiar with the Soviet experimental ac-tivities on contaminated territories and methodology of measuring parameters of resuspension. The US and USSR will jointly invite Dr. John Garland of the United Kingdom to participate in these discussions. During this meeting, a visit of 4-5 USSR scientists to the US will be p.innned in November-December 1990. The purpose of this meeting vill be to show the USSR scientists the US experimental plots and to discuss the results of past experimental measurements.

At this

meeting, the US and USSR scientists will reach agreement on future field (in April-Hay in contaminated areas in the USSR) and laboratory experiments to be conducted to elucidate further the resuspension process; they will also discuss methods of improving models to predict resuspension as a function of time and physical and chemical parameters.

7.1. C.

External Exposure and Dose from Deposited Radionuclides (Objectives and Discussion the same as in 7.1.C in Appendix 1).

The coordinators for this topic will be I.I. Kryshev, I. H.

Lichtarev and V. A. Vetrov for the USSR side, and H.L. Beck for

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the US side.

Schedule: Three to four US specialists will visit Kiev and Obninsk in Sept ember-October 1990. They are to participate in the International Conference in Zeleny Mys and then to hold working meetings at the Radioecological Station of the USSR Academy of Sciences (Oranoe), the All-Union Scientific Centre of Radiation 1

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l Heslicine (Kiev), and the Institute of Experimental Meteorology of

, SPA " Typhoon" (Obninsk).

During these

meetings, it is suggested to discuss the following principal questions:

1) Hethodological approaches and models for calcula~ ting and forecasting the external radiation doses for population and biota (p,lants, animals).

2) Computation and experimental methods for assessing the shielding factors for different groups of urban and rural population.

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3) Model verification and validation, using dosimetric data l

bases (direct dosimetric measurements, migration in soil-plant j

system, etc.).

4)

Comparison of instruments and methods of ground dosimetric measurements (in particular, ! methods for calibrating dosimetric instruments).

A possible outcome of the first meeting may be a draf t program for mutual research and cooperation for the year 1991.

It is suggested that four to five Soviet specialists will visit the USA in November-December 1990 to get familiar with the US activities on this topic and to continue discussions of the problems of mutual interest. This second meeting may result in the agreed program of joint activities for the year 1991.

7.1.D.

Transfer of Radionuclides Through Terrestrial Food Chains and the Resulting Dose to Man (Objective the same as 7.1.D and 7.1.E in Appendix I)

Discussion:

It is agreed that the Discussion material in 7.1.D and 7.1.E in Appendix I is modified to include radionucli-137 90 des other than Cs. For close-in zones, the radionuclides gp 137 and Pu are also of interest. For studies of Cs, it is also agreed that the best areas for current study are probably beyond the 30-km zone.

The coordinators of this project are F.O. Hoffman for the US l

and R.H. Aleksakhin for the USSR.

Schedule: This project's initial planning will take place during the visit of US scientists to the radiological meeting at Zeleny Mys during September 1990. During this time, the scien-5

tists will review the Soviet experitental work that has already been done on this s'ubject, review models used to predict trans-fer, review parameters needed to refine prediction, begin initial field work, and make preliminary plans for experiments to be i

conducted in Spring 1991.

A second meeting is planned during Winter (1990-1991) in the US. At that time, US experimental work will be reviewed and furt-her consideration will be given to predictive models.

At this meeting, plans will be completed for a major experimental activi-ty on Chernobyl, contaminated areas in the USSR to be conducted beginning Spring 1991.

7.1.E. Long-term Dose for the Contamination of Aquatic Food Chains (Objective and Discussion the same as for 7.1.T in Appen-dix I).

The coordinators of this project will be I Kryshev and I.

Ryabov for the USSR and W. Templeton for the US.

Schedule: Two or three US scientists will attend the radio-ecology meeting in Zeleny Mys during September 1990. After that meeting they will stay for about 3 weeks in order to become fami-liar with the methodology of estimation of radioecological para-meters and for the beginning of special experiments in the cooling pond of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Pripyat River and the Kiev Reservoir. Following this work, the team will meet in Obninsk to discuss methods of estimation of dose and mathe-matical models of transfer of radionuclides in aquatic food chains. During Wint er (1990-1991) two or three USSR scientists will meet with their colleagues in the US (either at ORNL or SRP) in order to become familiar with US methods of studying aquatic l

food-chain transport and with US predictive models. Another goal of this meeting will be to plan an experimental program for Spring 1990 at the Chernobyl site; a special ' interest will be plans to use Chernobyl data for validation studies of US and USSR models.

l 7.1.F.

(The former 7.1.

G).

Modeling the Behavior of Radionuclides in a

Soil-Aquatic System Including Rivers and Reservoirs.

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Objective:

Improving the methodology of cathematical modeling (and its use for forecasting) the real-time behavior of radionuclides in soil and the hydrosphere following an accident.

Available models accounting for relevant processes should be imptoved or new ones created. The technique of evaluating model parameters, as well as methodology of model validation and calibration, are to be developed.

Discussion : Long-term transport of radionuclides and other contaminants in surface waters is governed not only by aquatic transport processes but by sorption and transport with suspended matter as well as by interaction with bottom sediments. TODAM, SERATRA, FLESCOT models and CHRA methodology were developed in the US which enable the results of modeling surface-water pollution to be used for risk assessment. It follows from the Soviet experience of investigating consequences of the Chernobyl accident that migration of different forms of radionuclides in watershed soil and surface run - off is critical in describing the radioactive situation in rivers and reservoirs. To describe these procesces as well as processes of transport and interaction with bottom sediments in small rivers the RlWART-0B model was developed in the USSR.

For evaluating transport processes in large rivers and reservoirs the models WAT0X-1 and WAT0X-2 were developed.

The technique of relating parameters to physical-chemical properties of radionuclides and environmental characteristics derived from laboratory and field experiments was l

also developed for these models.

The experience of ff eld and laboratory studies in the 30-km zone of the Chernobyl NPP and on the US experimental plots will be used to validate Soviet and American models in different conditions. Models are planned to be refined and improved in the course of exchanging the best approaches and methods.

The technique of laboratory and field experiments as well as va-lidation and calibration procedures are expected to be improved.

Special effort will be directed to make the approaches of general purpose, irrespective of place, composition and physical-chemical properties of radionuclides.

Coordinators of the project will be V. A.Borzilov from the USSR and Y.0nishi for the US.

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Schedule:The project will get under way in mid-September eith three to fave specialists from the US coming to Ki,ev aad Chernobyl. It is expected that one specialist will work for 7 to 10 days with WAT0X-1 and WAT0X-2 models in the Cybernetics Institute of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. At the same time one to two specialists will stay at a specially equipped boat in the Kiev Reservoir to get familiar with methods of measuring radionuclide distribution in water, on suspended matter and bottom sediments. Another one to two persons will work.in the 30-km zone to review experimental methods used on special run-off plots. In 7-10 days, all American specialists will move to the Institute of Experimental Heteorology,

Obninsk, and during another 7-10 days they will study physico-chemical properties of radionuclides in samples taken in the Kiev Reservoir and 30-km zone and operate the RIWART-0B model. At the first meeting, the program will also be discussed for joint experiments in the 30-km zone during the snow melting period anticipated for March-April 1991.

The second meeting is expected to be held in the US in winter 1990-1991. Three to five Soviet specialists will stay for 2-3 weeks in US laboratories and experimental sites to review organization and experimental support of mathematical modeling, discuss results of joint studies made in September as well as ways of improving models and finalize the plan for the Spring experiment in the 30-km zone.

7.1.G. Intercalibration of methods fo'r Heasuring Radioactive Contaminants in the Environment (Objective and Discussion the same as for 7.1.H and 7.1.1 in Appendix I)

The coordinators will be S.

Vakulovski for the USSR and H.L. Beck for the US.

Schedule:

It is important to perform a major part of this project quickly in order to support the IAEA study on the corro-boration of methods used by the USSR to document environmental radioactivity.

Of immediate concern is the corroboration of airborne measurements of the deposition density of ground-deposited radionuclides and of external gamma-exposure rate. This 8

first study is proposed to be done during July-August-September

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1990.

The study will consist of bringing a

US package for airborne measurement and placing this on a Soviet helicopter already containing similar Soviet measuring equipment.

Simultaneous measurements would then be made over special calibration plots and over contaminated areas in the BSSR, the RSfSR, and the Ukraine. Ground-truth measurements would be made by ground-based field-spectrometry measurements over the calibration plots and over some of the contaminated areas. While the field-spectrometry measurements are being made, both US and USSR scientists will collect samples of soil and vegetation for subsequent independent laboratory measurements. It is anticipated that these field activities will take three-four or more weeks; about six US scientists would participate in this phase of the work. During this phase, US and USSR scientists will discuss and demonstrate their methods of sample collection, processing, and analysis with the view of intercalibrating these methods further.

A visit of USSR scientists to the US is planned for the 1990-1991 Winter. The purpose is to discuss the previously acqui-red results and to give the USSR scientists a better opportunity to observe US methods of airborne measurements, calibration, sample collection, processing and analysis. The analysis methods will l'nclude gamma spectroscopy and the procedures used for radi-ochemical separation and analysis of alpha-and beta-emitters.

During this visit, discussions will be held on what additional activities will be needed during Spring and Summer in the Chernobyl area.

l The list of participants of the Soviet-American meeting on Project 7.1 is attached.

The protocol in English and Russian languages (both copies are authentic) was signed on 7 J.une 1990 by:

for the US side for the USSR side the Read of P Ject 7.1 on behalf of the Head of Project 7.1 Lam L.

fg~ef&S Dr.L.@shgh Prof. V. Petrov l

7.1 A RESEARCH ON ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION MODELING

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Improve our respective nuclear emergency response capabilities by Objective:

conducting joint US USSR research on (1) the development of an automated methodology for integrating radiological measurements with atmospheric dispersion model predictions to enhance our ability to acquire more accurate real-time cssessments of the source term and dose distributions, and (2) the development of improved atmospheric dispersion models that are capable of more realistically simulating dispersion on various spatial scales that range from local to continental.

Discussion: We propose to (1) continue our collaboration with Dr. Sergey Pitovranov of the Institute of System Studies (Moscow) and begin collaboration with scientists from the Institute of Experimental Meteorology (Obninsk) and the Institute of Applied Geophysics (Moscow) to develop and evaluate various hybrid nonlinear regression schemes that can be used to optimize the agreement between measurements and model predictions, and to begin the work of restructuring the l

l MATHEW/ADPIC models with multiple loops for efficient utilization during an emergency, and (2) initiate the work of performing model sensitivity studies using the i

Chernobyl data base. This will be performed in conjunction with our planned studies with the IAEA/ CEC /WMO sponsored ATMAS project designed to evaluate atmospheric dispersion models using the European data base. This work will utilize the model development, evaluation, and applications expertise at LLNL, the model-evaluation experience at ORNL, and the theoretical and numerical modeling expertise resident at the Soviet technical institutes as well as their extensive knowledge of the Chernobyl event.

Mechanism: Initially we expect to formulate detailed plans via fax or mail with follow up exchange visits beginning with several Soviet scientists visiting LLNL l

during April 1990 and followed by US scientists visiting the Institutes in Moscow and Obninsk during September 1990. These meetings will focus on the details of our modeling approaches, the results of our initial model simulations of the Chernobyl event on the European scale, and definition of modelimprovement areas.

Leaders: Gudiksen (LLNL), Dickerson (LLNL), and Hoffman (ORNL) for the US.

Suggested USSR leaders are Pitovranov, Petrov, and Borzilov.

l Schedule: Planning efforts would start immediately after agreement. USSR scientists visit the LLNL in April 1990; US scientists visit Institutes in Moscow and Obninsk in September 1990.

Other: USSR man day.c hosted in US estimated to be 75. US man-days hosted in USSR estimated to be 60. Additional exchanges would be planned for FY 1991.

7.3 B WIND DRIVEN RESUSPENSION OF TOXIC AEROSOLS Objective: Develop a definitive model for the resuspension of toxic aerosols.

Discussion: One of thr. important issues in a variety of situations is the resuspension of radionuclide contaminated acrosols. A general problem relates to the magnitude of the resuspension process at very early times following the deposition of radioactive materials in the environment. Considerable controversy exists, and this is mainly due to the paucity of experimental data that have been taken at these early times.

During and immediately following the Chernobyl accident, measurements were made of airborne activity. These data would be of most value in validating present US models of resuspension. Similar measurements were also made in Europe and are hopefully available from the investigators.

Mechanism: A joint study of the resuspension process is proposed. The study would include a visit of USSR scientists to the US to discuss presently used models and the data upon which they are based. This would be followed by a visit to the USSR and the aquisition of data from the Chernobyl experience to test present models and to develop modified models, if appropriate. A goal would be the publication of a joint paper on this subject.

Leaders: The proposed US participants are Anspaugh (LLNL) and Shinn (LLNL). The suggested USSR participants are Garger and Borzilov.

l Schedule: Workshop to be held in the US in July 1990. Visit of US scientists to the USSR in September 1990.

1 USSR man dah's hosted in the US estimated to be 14. US man days hosted in Other:

the USSR estimated to be 14, i

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7.1 C EXTERNAL EXPOSURE AND DOSE FROM DEPOSITED RADIONUCLIDES Ob}ective: A collaborative US USSR cffort is proposed to improve and validate our methods of forecasting doses and dose commitments from external exposure.

Discussion:

Under many possible accident conditions, the most important contribution to dose during the first year and to the dose commitment will be from external exposure resulting from the decay of deposited radionuclides. Scientists from the US and the USSR have developed methods of forecasting such doses based upon initial measurements of external exposure rate or of radionuclide deposition, the relative mixture of radionuclides in the source term, theoretical gamma rsy transport calculations, assumed rates of radionuclide vertical and horizontal migration, and assumed building shielding and occupancy factors. While the methods used are similar, they are not identical.

Further, the assumptions concerning rates of radionuclide horizontal (particularly in urban environments) and vertical migration and concerning building shielding and occupancy factors are not well validated. Data taken following the Chernobyl accident should be of great value in testing the above assumptions. Other data taken in Europe and available through the IAEA, the CEC, and the UNSCEAR would also be of value.

Mechanism: This work could consist of a visit of USSR scientists to the US during the second quarter of FY 1990; the primary goal would be detailed discussions of the methods used to forecast external doses, the formulation of improved methods, and the detailed specification of data needed to validate the methods. This would be followed by a visit of US scientists to the USSR during the fourth quarter of FY 1990 to consider the data and to perform the validation studies. A proposed goal is the publication of a }oint paper on the subject.

Leaders: The suggested US participants are Beck (EML), Anspaugh (LLNL), and Bouville (NCI). Possible USSR participants are Likhtarev, Balonov, Knizhnikov, Barkhudarov, and Pavlovsky.

Schedule: Workshop in the US in May 1990; workshop in the USSR in September 1990.

Other: USSR man days hosted in the US estimated to be 50; US man days hosted in the USSR estimated to be 40. Additional exchanges may be required in FY 1991.

71D

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INTERNAL DOSE FROM DIRECT CONTAMINATION OF TERRESTRIAL FOOD SOURCES Objective: A collaborative US USSR effort is proposed to improve and validate our methods of forecasting doses and dose commitments from the direct contamination of food sources.

Discussion: At early times following an accident, the direct contamination of pasture and food stuffs, particularly leafy vegetation and grain, can be of great importance.

This situation has been modeled extensively by scientists in the US, the USSR, and many other countries.

However, models currently employed to predict the deposition, retention and transport of radionuclides in terrestrial environments employ concepts and data bases that are more than a decade old. The extent to which these models have been tested with independent data sets is limited. The data gathered in the USSR (and elsewhere throughout the Northern Hemisphere) offer a unique opportunity to test model predictions of wet and dry deposition, agricultural food chain bioaccumulation, and short and long term retention, redistribution, and resuspension of radionuclides from a variety of natural and artificial surfaces. Models to be tested include those used for analyses of accidental and prolonged releases by the USNRC and the USEPA, and models employed by the USDOE to reconstruct historic do es received from operation of the Nevada Test Site and the Hanford Plant. The (b mobyl data permit model testing over a wide range of locations, ecosystems and

.itic regimes. The general appilcability of the results of these analyses will be

Junted for application to future accidents and other types of contaminant releases.

Recommendations will be made to improve model structure, to derive more realistic generic and site specific parameter values, and to eliminate unwarranted conservatisms in the model predictions. Information on the transport of 137Cs and 1311 in Europe, Asia, and North America is already available through international activities initiated by the IAEA's Validation of Assessment Models Program (VAMP) and the International Biospheric Model Validation Study (BIOMOVS). Support for both US and USSR involvement with these activities would enable comparisons to be made as a function of distance from the Chernobyl site.

Mechanism: Extensive planning and coordination would be necessary to perform this complex study. Much of this planning could be carried out by correspondence during the next few months Part of this process would involve the exchange of models (at least of the modeling concepts) and the specification of what consistent data sets would be needed to perform the comparisons. During the third quarter of FY 1990, US scientists could visit the USSR to examine and select data sets with their Soviet colleagues and to make detailed plans for the model-validation exercise. At least two additional meetings during FY 1991 would be required to complete the validation exercise, including the formulation of new models,if necessary.

Schedule: Planning would start immediately after project approval. US scientists would meet with their USSR colleagues in the USSR in July 1990. Additional meetings would be planned for FY 1991.

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F 7.1 D Leaders: Suggested US participants are Hoffman (ORNL), Whicker (Colorado State University), Peterson (NRC), and Bouville (NCI). Possible USSR participants are Vetrov, Borzilov, Stukin, and Knizhnikov.

Other: US man days hosted in the USSR estimated at 60. Additional exchanges, particularly, of the USSR scientists to the US, would be planned for FY 1991.

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7. n LONG TERhi INTERNAL DOSE FROh! THE CONTAMINATION l

OF AGRICULTURAL SOIL Objective: Perform experiments and validation studies to improve our ability to predict rapidly and accurately the long term internal dose from the contamination of agricultural soll.

This objective would include the consideration of remedial measures to block contamination of food grown on contaminated soil.

Discussion: Despite the large number of radionuclides released from the Chemobyl j

reactor, most of the long term internal dose commitment will be from 37Cs; a similar 1

situation might well result from any future reactor accident. The long-term behavior of cesium in agricultural food chains is subject to great variability due to edaphic factors and agricultural practices. Because this process is affected by many parameters, the possibility exists for effective remedial measures to greatly reduce the uptake of 137Cs by food crops. Such manipulations of 137Cs uptake have been carried out successfully in the USSR in the Chernobyl region and by the US in the Marshall Islands. A joint study is proposed that would substantially improve the ability of models to predict the long term behavior of 137Cs in a variety of agricultural environments and the effects of remedial measures. The first activity is to conduct a joint investigation on the rate of transfer of 137Cs among some major food chains 1

(ground plants farm animals) on 5 to 7 plots with different ground plant characteristics in the zone of evacuation (30 km zone), as well as in nearby regions j

(Chernobyl region). This study would also include the effects of remedial actions to j

prevent the uptake of 137Cs. The objective is the comparison of major methodological relationships in the rate of migration of radionuclides within food chains and collection of data for models of transport of radionuclides in fields of agricultural l

production, in addition to the study of the specifies of migration of 137Cs in agricultural food chains.

Such data sets can also be compared to previously contaminated field plots and forest stands at ORNL and to the data on uptake into crops grown in the Marshall Islands, both under natural conditions and under the effects of remedial measures. The second part of the proposed joint study is to test and/or develop models of the transfer of radionuclides in agricultural food chains (on the basis of models used in the USSR and the US). The objective would be the comparison of principles of radionuclide transport and of models of transfer for radionuclides in agricultural food chains used in the USSR and the US and improvement of these models.

Mechanism: In order to undertake these experiments in the USSR, US scientists should visit the experimental sites and plan the experiments with their Soviet colleagues during the first or second quarter of FY 1990. While the experiments are underway, USSR scientists could visit the US to pursue the model validation issues with their US counterparts and to examine the ORNL plots and to receive information on the ORNL and Marshall Islands studies. Following the completion of the first year's experimental studies, two joint meetings would be required to synthesize the data and to complete the model development and validation activities.

?

- - ~. - -

7.1 E

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l Schedule: This study must begin as soon as possible in order to take advantage of the next growing season in the USSR. The initial step would be a planning meeting in the USSR in April 1990. Another workshop would be hosted in the US in July 1990 to examine US sites, exchangs data, and plan validation studies. Additional work would be required in FY 1991.

leaders: Proposed US participants are Whicker (Colorado State University), Robison (LLNL), Hoffman (ORNL), and Romney (UCLA). Suggested USSR participants are Alexakhin and Vetrov.

Other: US man days hosted in the USSR are estimated to be 80. USSR man days hosted in the US are estimated to be 60. Additional exchanges would take place in FY 1991, e

l 7.1 F

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LONG TERM DOSE FROM THE CONTAMINATION OF AQUATIC FOOD CHAINS Objective: Perform experiments and validation studies to improve our ability to predict rapidly and accurately the long-term internal dose from the contamination of aquatic food chains.

Discussion: A proposal was received from Kryshev and Ryabov during the visit of the US Working Group 7.1 to the USSR. This is reproduced here " Keeping in mind the considerable expertise related to the study of contamination of water reservoirs within the zone of Chernobyl, we propose to conduct }oint experiments on migration of radionuclides and influence of radiation on aquatic ecosystems in the following sites: 1) Cooling pond of the Chernobyl reactor, 2) River Pripyat, and 3) Kiev's Reservoir. On these sites, we would conduct the following studies: 1) Inventory and composition of water, plants and animals; 2) Estimated dose from internal and external exposure of hydrobient: 3) Monitoring of fish, plankton, and benthic communities according to radiological, biochemical, cytogenetical and other parameters; 4) Analysis of trophic connections among communities of water mammals; and 5) Analysis of the biological effects among major types of water plants and animals; survey of indicators of fish population. On the basis of data obtained from experiments and monitoring surveys, work will be conducted to verify models i

of migration of radionuclides in aquatic ecosystems and of effects of ionizing radiation on ecological and physiological parameters. The methodology is developed in view of i

using the obtained data for prognosis purposes of effects of accidents on the contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The rate of stability of functional aquatic ecosystems during accidental radioactive contamination is planned. The obtained models will also be used to determine the migration of radionuclides in food chains and the doses of radiation on humans following possible accidents of nuclear reactors."

This proposal includes the important elements of the examination of the relationships among the concentrations of radionuclides in members of aquatic ecosystems, and the derivation and/or validation of models of the transport of radionuclides through aquatic ecosystems to man. This program will coordinate wi.h the Hydrology Modeling Task on the role of sorption and availability of radionuclides from sediments.

Mechanism: The initial step in implementing this proposal should be a visit to this site to develop definitive programmatic needs for the study. Following the initial visit, a definitive program plan and detailed budget for FY 1991 will be developed.

IAaders: The proposed US participants are Templeton (PNL) and Bk.ylock (ORNL).

The suggested USSR participants are Kryshev and Ryabov.

...... ~....

7.1 F a

Schedule: Planning ineeting in the USSR in May 1990. Additional meeting would be planned for FY 1991.

Othen US man days hosted in the USSR estimated to be 40. Additional exchanges would take place in FY 1991.

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7.8 G HYDROLOGICAL MODELING Ob}ective: Develop and validate improved n.odels of the hydrological transport of radionuclides.

Discussion: Long terrn nigration in surface water is controlled for contaminants (e.g.,

radionuclides, heavy nietals, pesticides, and other toxic chemicals) not only by the water movement, but also by sediment-contaminant interactions, si <:h as contaminant sorption / desorption with sediment, transport, deposition and migration of sediment soaked contaminants. There is considerable experience in the US on this problem and scientists have developed four sediment contaminant models, a one-dimensional model (TODAM) applicable to rivers and estuaries, a two-dimensional model (longitudinal and vertical) called SERATRA for rivers and river run reservoirs, and the three-dimensional model FLESCOT for estuaries, coastal waters, and oceans. The US has also worked on coupling a compartment model (similar to the USSR WATOX 1) for sediment-contaminant transport to a geochemical model (MINTEQ) to improve model prediction for the use of waste discharge allocation by the regulatory agencies and states. In addition, the Contaminant Migration and Risk Assessment (CMRA) methodology has been developed to couple a surface water model with a statistical risk assessment computer program.

With these experiences, the US could cooperate with USSR researchers on their efforts with WATOX-1 and WATOX 2 (similar to the US FETRA model) in the following ways:

1.

Examine the computer codes themselves (WATOX-2 as well as WATOX 1), to incorporate improvements in the models.

2.

Cooperatively develop a one-dimensional model for rivers and estuaries based on the TODAM model.

3.

Cooperatively develop a three-dimensional model based on FLESCOT, which simulates flow, turbulence, water temperature, salinity, sediment, dissolved contaminant, sediment sorbed contaminants, both in water bodies and rivers / sea bottoms.

4.

Cooperatively develop a multimedia model (or models) to couple migration of contaminants in surface water, groundwater, land surface (supplying contaminants to recehing rivers / reservoirs, groundwater and resuspension to air), and air. This is very important for the Chernobyl case, because a large amount of radionuclides on the land surface may' be washed away from the land surface to receiving rivers / reservoirs through run-off and soll erosion.

i

7.1 G 5.

Cooperatively develop a statistical model (based on the CMRA methodology) to statistically couple the surface water-contaminant model results with chemical toxicity to aquatic biota to estimate the aquatic impact of the contamination.

6.

Cooperatively work on model applications to the Chernobyl accident (Kiev Reservoir and others).

7.

Cooperatively design necessary field data collection / analysis and related laboratory experiments.

8.

Cooperatively develop an expert system to run complex codes (such as-WATOX 2 types of codes), so non-experts can run them with proper selection of parameters, grids, etc.

9.

Cooperatively develop post-processing graphics capabilities, especially animation of computer prediction results of three-dimensional modeling.

Mechanism: The first step in implementing this task should be a trip early in FY 1990 by the US scientists to the Chernobyl site and Kiev to develop definitive needs.

Following the initial visit, a detailed program plan, schedule, and budget for FY 1991 would be developed.

Lerlers:

The proposed US participant is Onishi (PNL).

The suggested USSR participants are Morozov and Zweleznyak.

Other: US man-days hosted in the USSR estimated to be 30. Additional exchanges would be planned for FY 1991.

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d 7.2 H CROSS-CALIBRATION OF AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS Objective: Exchange information on systems of airborne measurements of deposited radioactivity and of concentration in air. Perform cross-calibrations of the US and USSR systems.

Discussion: At early times following an accident, airborne measurements provide critical information on the levels of deposited radioactivity and of external gamma-exposure rate. Both the US and the USSR have developed considerable expertise in this area and it is recognized that both countries employ analogous airborne instrumentation systems, share similar concerns regarding calibration and are currently pursuing development of closely related new systems of instrumentation.

The intent of the proposed cooperation is to improve methods and instrumentation systems. The methods to be considered include airborne measurement of radioactive deposition and of airborne radioactivity. The scope of these measurements would include the immediate vicinity of the Chernobyl accident and extend as far downwind as detectable; additional measurements at some site in the US should also be considered.

Mechanism: It is proposed that scientists from each country become more familiar with their counterparts, airborne measurement techniques, capabilities and problems.

It is therefore proposed that reciprocal visits be arranged for 1990. Each visit should provide opportunity for the host to display and demonstrate systems of instrumentation, as well as to present technical descriptions of systems, procedures l

and applications. The systems to be displayed and det=nstrated should include all elements related to airborne measurements.

These include instruments for the measurement, processing and recording of the dose and energy spectrum of gamma radiation and instruments for air sampling and sample analysis. Each visit should also provide an opportunity for the guest to observe a survey conducted by the host. It is proposed that a survey be jointly conducted of a selected region of the Chernobyl area and one within the US. This opportunity is proposed in order to cross-calibrate airborne systems of instrumentation. Ground-truth measurements should also be conducted during this same time frame.

Leaders: The proposed US participants are Clark (EG&G) and Beck (EML). The suggested USSR participant is Vakulovsky.

Schedule: Reciprocal visits to be arranged during FY 1990.

Other: USSR man days hosted in the US estimatec to be 120. US man-days hosted in the USSR estimated to be 120.

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7.1 1 CROSS-CALIBRATION OF THE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES Objective: To cross-calibrate systems for the measurement of radionuclides in a variety of environmental samples and to cross calibrate systems of field spectrometry.

Discussion: In order to carry out the many joint studies proposed, an initial very important step is to ensure that the two countries are using comparable measurement methods and/or that the measurement methods yield comparable results.

Mechanism: Cross calibration of the measurement of the radionuclide content of various environmental samples is proposed. This would be done by the exchange of a i

variety of environmental samples, including any international standards available and the comparison of results. An interchange of visits to various laboratories would also be useful. As field s}"ctrometry has been found to be a useful tool following I

accidental situations, cross calibration of this technique is also proposed.

Leaders: 'Ihe proposed US leader is Beck (EML). Suggested USSR participants are not yet identified.

Schedule: Arrange for the exchange of appropriate samples during Spring 1990.

Report on results during Gummer 1990 and arrange for an interchange of visits during this time.

Other: USSR man days hosted in the US estimated to be 80. US man-days hosted in l

the USSR estimated to be 30.

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FROPOSALS OF THE SCIENTIFIC-TIONHICAL ASSOCIATION (STA) *TAIFUH" l

FOR THE PL&M OF ACTION FOR 1990 DM f

TREME 7.10F Tile US/ USSR COOPERATION ON

+

CIVILIAM HDCLEAR REACTOR SAFETT a,

L 1.

In late May or Jun of 1990.

A visit of a delegation of 18 U5 l

specialists ts the LesR.for-8 or 4 weeks to work on the following scientific areas l

1.1 Modeling of stao' spheric transport:

Familiarisation with=

l Soviet mathematical modeling, including osaputer-programs, meteorological and other data banks discussion of procedures for comparison and verification of modeles carryout tests of-calculations discussion of ways to perfect models and create work programs for future

' mutual work.

Number of' specialists from the US--Ei place of work--obainsk. STA "Taifun".

1.2 Instrumental methods of monitoring the environment:

develop methods of selection preparation and analysis of problems of alpha, beta and gamaa emitting radionuclides on air, soil, water, suspended materials.

bottom deposits, and living organisms.

Number of' specialists from the US--R: place of work--Chernobyl.

STA *Taifun"; Obninsk. STA "Taifun".

1.8 Experimental research of the behavior of radionuolides-in the systen " soil-water":

develop methods of acquiring basic parameters of migration and transformation of radionuclides (ooeffielents of d

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familiarisation eith Soviet'models methodology of b

getting parameterst oisultaneous evaluation of exacting

.characto,istics: planning' future work.

Musber of a

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specialists from the US-2; pleoe of' work--Dranoe, Chernobyl, USSR Academy of Sciences: obnimak, STA.

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"Taifun".

1.7 Experimental research of the migration of l

j radionuclides in the food chain: of aquatie echosystems a

and the influence of ionising radiation on 4

l ecological-physiological parameters:

developing the t

methodology of the measurement of significant parameters i

l on ecological polygons-(the cooling pond at the.

Chernobyl NPP, the Fripyat River, the Eiev reservoir).

{

Number of specialists from US-28 pleoe of work--Oranoe, 1

'hernobyl, 058R Academy of Sciences.

L i'

1.8 Ir.vestigation of migration of radionuclides in the crea of agricultural productions development of mechodology of investigating the behavior of the i

tra1sfer of Cesium-187 in the chain of soil to vegetation to farm animals:

familiarisation with Soviet anthematical modeling of transport of radionuelides in i

j

'the food chain.

Number of spoeialists from the US-21 place of work--Obninsk, "BNIISKER" [ Institute'of i

Experimental Morphology and Animal Ecology 3: polygons in the Ukraine and Bolorussia branches of BNIIBKHR.

l 2.

October 1990--Visit of a 15 member delegation of I

Boviet specialists to the US for 3-4 weeks to continus

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~

(aguatic radioecological aspects) and discussion of issues e.f implementation (in accordance with correspondence between Dr. Ryabo'v and Dr. Templeton).

Work to begin in April er May 1990.

5.

W r h r.s visit of 5-8 Soviet specialists to research l

organisations in the US for exchange of information and i

development of work programe :>f.ss9PhFeioal and radioecological (terrestri'al) research of the conseguences of the socident at the Chernobyl NFF and perfection.of methods'of work.

Visit'to take place-between May'and July 1990.

V l

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-i ENCLOSURE 2 o

Memorandum of Meeting.

vith Experts from Institutes of Biophycles and Medical Radiology t

i In Moscow and Obninsk,, May 29, 31 and June 7,i8,.10, 1900.

'tJ i

1 Early in 1990, a series of "Nealth Effectu" project I

proposals for peccible joint cooperation were sent to the USSR by US experts.

In the spring, responses were received i n t h e

'.f S from the USSR. This meeting van held in several 3ncations J

order to meet with the senior scientists and to agree on

2. n objectives, the projects'that both-sides wish to~ support. scientific leadership and first ste i

For each of-these

projects, a small meeting of selected experts vill agree on. t:M -

specific details and procedures to be used in the project, the progress expected in the firct vho vill participate in-the work.12-18 months and the scientistn Several issues we.te discussed i n some detall'. It-was agreed-that cooperation is not simply to be restricted to information exchange, but to also include, as appropriate, models, raw data, reglutry information, biological samples methodology,111mited collaboration in data analysis,amounto of equipment arul -cupplies ne study design and joint publice-tion of results. These vill-he implemented via exchange of scientists.for participation in research and/or training, and the organization of workshops and other meetings.

The initial period of 3 2 to 18 months for collaboration is be supported by a signliicant though limited level of funds-to of thic< trial or phaunwhich is designed to establish the feasibility and pr

' prospects for continued success,I period. With.uufficient progrest, and as mutua33y agreed upon by the two sides, a substantive expansion of.the level of e! Cart including provisions i

for meLeni..il and equipment. could be justified. It crucial to the rate of,progresswas also recognized thut timely conmunical.lon 1.:

The need was also recognized for defining a po31cy t data, data bases, and 'other significant information-trans during collaborative nxchanger.

L.Ilyin and K.cordeev and were held in-Moscow and Obn with USA leaders of Working Group 7 of the JCCCNRS, Dr. M. Schulman, (USDOE) leader of Working' Group 7.0, Dr. L. Anspaugh (Lawr ence, Li vermor e Natl... Lab., )

i Working Group 7.1, Dr. M.

leader of of Working Group 7.2 and Dr. S.Goldman (U. of. California), leader Yaniv (U.S. Nuclear Regulatory 1

m i

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. = + - -, -

1

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Commission), to agree on possible ' cooperative research projectn Detween the USA and Soviet scientists. These focus on the following general areas:

A. Biological and physical Dosimetry r

B. Acute Radlaf. ion Syndrome 1and Non-stochastic Health Effeels C. Countermeasures to Reduce' Internal Radiation Ex'posure.

-from Radioactive Ces3um.

i D. Role of dose Rate'in Stochastic Radiation-Effects Estima.

-t tion.

E. Population Registries and Database' Management-A.1.

BIOLOGICA1'DOSIHETRY This cooperation vill focus on-developing and/or imprcving senultive biological indicators of radiation injury in cells.

Objectives:

1.

Chromosome analysis. Analysis ' of' chromosomal aberrot t ens in cells from personn who received doses from-about 0.0 to 5.n ny and from 0.5 to 8.0'Gy. Tho' technique,, which is now done manual-t ly, vill adapted to automatic scanning and. scoring. Correlativn with standard cuzvec and= quality assurance vill-be determined, and analytical nethods and sof twarc vill be developed ' to. f ac 111-tate the work.

2.

Other nethods. - Micronucleus frequency as a f unc tior of -

radiation dose vill be evaluated on samples from patients it i

part 1. Other methods vill be explored, if practical.

The work vill Lie begin with a planning meeting in the USSR sith about 3 US specialists togo,ther wlth the ' meeting planned for A.7 below.,.

The US leader vill be Dr. N. Wald and the USSR leader vill be Dr. A.-Sevankaev.

A.2. PHYSICAL DOSIMETRY This doint project will focus on methods and models to validate and improve radiation-dose estimates for indlyiduals. Thin wor k includes internal-as vell as= external dosimetr.y.

Objectives:

1.

Review methods for internal and external individual dose reconstruction.

2 9

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2.

Evaluate model.s for cignificant pnthways of radionuellde intake and distribution amongst organs of the body and as a function of' age al.0 ucx.

'3.

Reviev the yroblem of' inhaled hot partlcles and neanm to cross calibrate acastrements'of lung burdens and of particle characteristics. Thir.11ncludes-measurements of autoradiog:aphs i

prepared by both eldes from shared samples.

4.

Where pornible, selected cases vill bo conipazed:':o

= determine correlallon between-physical doseg estimates and biological dose entimater..

The work will begin with a planning workshop in the USSR on the end of August 1990, vith about 5 U!! specialists.

The scientific leader for the USSR is Dr.

G.

Avetisov and j

for.the US is Dr. K. Eckerman.

i

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B.

ACUTE RADI ATION SYNDROME AND NON-STOCHASTIC HEALTil EFFECTS This project will.ntlempt to develop early prognostic indicator and forms of therapy in the Acuto Radiation Syndrome by reanalysis of the Chernahyl high exposure patients' clinical and laboratory data. In addition the work attempt to develop model validation for non-stochastic-health effects.

s Objectives:

1. To review clinical and laboratory data of Chernobyl Acute Radiation Eyndrome (ARS) patients.

1

2. Development of improved diagnostic procedures to dater-mine promptly the extent.of severe gadiation injury in organs and ih *the whol'e. body. To determine whibh of the ARS patient data correlate best with clinleal course, complications and final outcome.

3. Evaluation of the-efficacy'and impact of the various of therapy,used in the acute radiation syndrome patients on nurvival acte, symptomology and clinical course.

4. Determi' nation of the threshold values correlated with dose and dose rate for early (non-stochastic). effects, spncifi-cally, morbidity and mortality'from ARS,. time of. onset-and severity of prodromal vomiting and diarrhea.

5. Determination of threshold and dose rate and gestation age dependent risk coefficients'for-the variuun pursible advarse 3

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i' effects of: the einbr yo/f e tus.

A planning mee ting in suggested.to develop thel speci f le-vor) plan-and schedule. This in tentatively scheduled f or late-Septert'er 1900 in Moscov and will include about 5 US experts. The. plan vill include database management, statistical analysis, data extrac -

tion and record microf11 ming on the agreed group of recorde ased 1

joint report publication.

j Project scientific leaders are Dr. N. Wald 'for the'US n!.de and Baranov and Dr...M.'Lyaginskaya for the USSR nide.

l A

Dr. A.E.

l-Project coordinators are Dr. s.S. Yaniv for the US side, and Dr.

A. Guskova for the. USSR side.

1 C.. COUNTERMEASURES TO REDUCE INTERNAL RADIATIOlt EXPOSURE FROM RADIOACTIVE CESIUM The. focus of this Joint project v1'11 be to define the date bat.es I

and models needed to the effectiveness of 'totective actionn p

( count e rme a s ur e:3 ) for limiting internal exposures from cesium 137.

l Objectives:

1. Review methods and models for pr$dictingLinternal-doses via ingestion from Cs 137 to large populations.

2. Review the validation of principles f or Lintervention level to limit cesium-237 uptake by the public.,This'should include considerat:lon of the amounts of dif fe2 ent kinds of Conds actually consumed.

3. Develop a plan for a joint study concer ning ceslun-137 internal doses to the public.-

This work vill begin a planning workshop in the USSR in. Int

• September 1990 sith about 4 US experts.

Project coordinator vill be Professor K. Goldeev.and the nelen-tific leader f or the USSR vill be Dr. R. Barhudarov nnd the leader for the US will bo R. Catlin.

D.

P.0LE OF DOSE RATE IN STOCH,ASTIC. SOMATIC RADIATTON EFFECTS ESTIMATION in the project an attempt vill be made to develop dose-rate dependent models for assessment of risk.from low-level rndistion.

Objectives:

4 4

a e

Influence of dose rate on~ risk.Modeling of duce-eIIect' relationships with e

. the A workshop vill be held in mid 1991'in the US.

River vill be examlaed together-with relevant experi

~

• Empirical data data and aval3able information on nechanians of carcinogan l

mal feasibility of development of dose-rate dependent m ee s-a i

of stochastic, romatic effects from low-icyc1 radiation.

sk-The scientific leader for the USSR is Dr. I. F11yushkin und'fo

}

the US is Dr. M. Goldman.

r-E. POPULATION REGISTRIES AND DATABASE MANAGEMENT d

The purpose of thin-research is to develop and improve' method for computer registrien cr; data management and systems. engineering.of s

parameterc for the' radiation-exposed population of the USSRe

~

the Objectives:

]

s

1. St.andardize me'di:a1 data base cal potential and compatibility with internationally accepttblto permit im formats.

e

2. Develop so'ttvare to assist large medical-dosimetric data' bases includinin handling and processirs statistical algorithms and data compression,g appropriate ation with original records.3. Develop computer tools for quality assuran

-- i i

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4. Develop technology models and to ausist i

parameter evaluation, ver ification reconstruction of Individual in dosimetric doses in the registries special software and techniques'to assist in epidemi of

)

studies using the population registries.

The work will begin with a planning' meeting in the obnin k November-Docember with about 7 to B participants from ca t s

in c

c',de.

The coordinator v111 be Dr. A.F.Teyb, arn Dr. V. Ivanov from the USER and Dr.the scientific 1.oader:

S.' Fry from the US.

"As a final n t information and some suggested details for nany of theo e, the S 5

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7 projects. These vill be duplicated and sent'to'the US l

experts along fith copies of this memorandum of the meeting,-

as part of the preparations for the series of planning-I meetings which are scheduled'for each proposed project.

l l

t For the U.S.

Delegation.

i 7r elegation.

1 n

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'Dr 4 Marg 1'F Coldm n Drs..X.I.Cordeev and A.F.Tsyb e

for U.S. Working for U.S.S.R. Working l-Group 7.2 Health Effects Group 7.2-Health Effects-In Obninsk,. june 8, 1990 e

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Theme: 1" Correlation of methodical approacbes to biological and physical dosimetry for estimation and-reconstruction cf human external and internal' dose burdens-(except thyroid doses)"

l 1.1.

.The head of.tbe research - prof. Gordeev K.I.

1.2. ' The coordinator of the researeb- - Dr. Avetisov G.M.

N'

M d

1 3.

The participants.

4 from the. USSR prof. Gordeev K.I., Dr. - Avetisov G.M.,

i Dr. Izbevsky P.V., Dr. Gusev I.A.,-

Dr. Knizhnikov V.A., Dr. Osanov D.P.,

Dr. Kierim-Marcus I.B., Dr. Kut 'kov V.A.," f

'lo' Dr. Degteva M.A.

(Institute of Biopbysics of USSR Ministry of.Public Healtb),

lDr. Kulesbov H.P. (All-Union scientific centre of medical genetics of:the USSR Academy of Medical sciences), lDr. Pylinskaya M.A. (All-Union scientific centre of radiation' medicine of tbe W?. USSR Academy of Medical Sciences),

' S iq% u WC d Dr. Sevan# aev A.VS # p(a n ke LM.Afkeut/ef k

Researeb institute of medical yA radiology of-tbe USSR Academy of Medical sciences)

Dr. Kashparov V.A.

(Institute of agricultural radiology),

Dr. Plesbanov P.G.

from the USA - Dr. Hofman V., Dr. Crauford-Brown D.J.

'l i

j j

2.

1 14 Mechanism.

1

- The worksbop to'be held on-15-20 July, 1990, in Obninsk, on.the-problem of correlation of

- physical Estbods-of external dosimetry

- physical methods of= internal dosimetry

+ %+f MwM %

--models fer evaluation of external-and internal dose.

i

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equivslents with different pathways of radionuclide-

7. transfer into the body.

- biological methods (bematological, biochemical, cytogenetic, etc)

IIh-

- discussion of.the " bot. particles" problem following the Chenobyl accident, including:

a) phydico-chemical status of radionuclides in " bot" fuel l'

particles of the Chernobyl: accident b) " bot" fuel particles-dosimetry in respiratory organs c) " bot" fuel particles. microdosimetry in respiratory organ:

d) kinetics of " bot" particles'radionuclide exchange in t

the body e) kinetics of " bot" fuel particles excb nge in the t

l L

environment I

f) experiments concerning the effects of the Obernobyl " bot 1

particles to the animals t

g) the study of " bot" fuel particles distribution in respiratory organs of the died-witnesses of the 3

Obernobyl accident i

I'

+.

i 4 5 c)tocenetic, etc)

I. Obtaining the calibrating 1.

Study.of chromosomal curves f or the purposes of aberration and micro-nucleus; frequency de-biological dos'. metry and-pendence on dose in.

biological indication done range 0-0.5 Gy using cytogenetic test 2.

Study of chromosomal

. aberration and micronu-claus frequency in. dose range 0.5 - B.0 Gy 3..

Developing-of the methods models and software for the recon-struction of dose, and estimation of dose distribution lin body.

4.

Exch with specialis per year) 2.

Study of cell genom stability, developing the method of risk esti-mation among population living on the contaminated territory to separate the groups with risk of genetic and cancer effects

+

?,

- discussion of the abot particlce" problem following the Chenobyl accident, including

3 o

l l

the choice of the prior test methods for joint workings y

concerning the estimationiand reconstruction of buman dose burdens and also of the doses 1to-particular_ organs except thyroid the development of' tbe: protocol for the < tests during the joint work and the sample of objects;of interest according to the developed = protocol'tbe carrying-out L

of studies with the same samples represented by the USSR i

l following1the prior methods'provided the-.American. party-set out necessary equipment.and reagents to the USSR upon Application I.

t The discussion of the results of the joint work in tbe USA in order to prepare the joint. report in September of 1991.

~

l The publication of the results of joint'studiest in USA l

in 1991.

Apprenticeabip of four young soviet specialists in the USA.

l on-the problem of biodosimetry methods Development of the further programm of cooperation concerning the correlation relationships between biological (cytogenetic, etc.) and physical methods of the evaluation of the total external and internal

dose, accumulated by the start of the observation of the patient Ww w

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The meeting will' be held' in the USA, in September 1991.

- Precise number-of participants. of tbe meetings in' July, i

1990 in-Obninsk and in September,.1991, in the USA from the soviet and american parties, -and also a number of; soviet probationers will be specified by coordinators

-from both countries.

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2. Theme:

"Non-stochastic effects'of in utero exposure and irradiation of an adult. Acute radiation sickness" 4

2.1. The bead of the research: prof. Gus'kova A.K.

2.2. The coordinator of the section: "Non-stochastic effects of an adult exposure and acute, radiation sickness" -

prof. Baranov A.E.

4 The coordinator of the section: "Non-stochastic effects of in utero exposure" - Dr. Lyaginskaya A.M.

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2 3. Participants from the USSR:

prof. Gus'kova A.K., member of the Academy e

Y Ilyin L.A., prof. Baranov A.E.,

Dr. Solovyev V.Y., Dr. Nugia V.Y.,-

i Dr. Galstyan, Dr. Lyaginskaya A.M.,

I Dr. Tereschenko U.Y., Dr. Demetyev S.I.

1 (Institute of Biophysics of the USSR Ministry 1

of Public Health), Dr. Osecbensky I.V. (All-Unio:

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scientific bematological centre of.tbe USSR r

Academy of Medical sciences), Dr. Sokur T.H.

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(All-Union centre of mat'ernal and child healtb of the USSR Ministry-of Public Healtb) i i

from the USA i

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2.4. Me'ebanism

- The arrival of five american specialists to the USSR on 23-30 September,-1990 in order to receive ~the information about the data. base on the early prognostic clinico-labo--

ratory indicators of acute radiation sickness among the pa-tients exposed to bigh' doses due to the Chernobyl accident and on the' effects of in: utero exposure.

Concerning the problem of the adult exposure:

- Demonstration o'f the form of the clinical' data recording with respect to -the evaluation of the ' early prognostic indicators of the acute radiation sickness among 5-6 pa-am_

tients.

- Demonstration of the processing of clinical data to be put,,

into the computer,

- Demonstration of the possibilities of the available data

-base for an analysis informative diagnostic and progno-stic criteria.

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- Presentation of the reports on these problem.

- Discussion of the problem of bemopoiesis. patterns preceding leukemias.

Concerning the problem of in utero exposures

- Discussion of the approaches to the estimation-of external and internal fetus' exposure

--Discussion of the dose-dependent fetus-death and developmental anomalies incidence with respect to gestational age

- correlation of~ clinical techniques for developmental anomalies testing following~in utero _ exposure

- development of joint tests protocol on chosen priority methodsHof. testing-

- determination of the sample of the objects of interest and specification of the. number of the participante of joint observations in Buelorussia in ' October-liovember, 1990.

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- Carrying-out of _ joint obse: vations in chosen areas of Buelorussia in October-Hovember, 1990.

- Discussion of obtained data in-the USA in January, 1991 in order to. prepare joint reports

- Publication of the joint report in the USA in 1991

- Elaboration of the programm of furtber cooperation in the studies of correlative dose relationships in the pathology of fetus development.

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- The meeting in-the USA in. January,1991, in order to

' evaluate the possibilities for the obtaining of combined-results of analysis and forms of clinical data processing, as well as to develop diagnostic ~ and-prognostic criteria according to generalized data bases available in the= USSR 1

and USA.

- The Soviet party is represented by prof. Baranov A.E.,

7'Dr. Soloviev V.Y., Dr. Nugis V.Y.

l The meeting will be held for 12 days..

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- The programm of the meetings the demonstration of the form of the clinical data recor-ding in USA, their processing 1n order to be put into

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the computer (for 5-6 patients), demonstration of the-possibilities-of available data base for thecanalysis of informative diagnostic and prognostic' criteria.

- The final meeting in order to discuss the results and to prepare joint reports.

The place of the meeting -

The time of the meeting

- The precise number of participants from the Soviet and American parties will be specified by the coordinators of the sections.

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$.-Theme: "The effectiveness of countermeasures for determination of Cs internal dose limits in contaminated areas."

3 1. The head of the research - prof. Gordeev K.I.

3 2.'The coordinator of the research - prof. Barbudarov R.U.

i 3 3. Participants from'the USSR : prof. Gordeev K.I., prof. Barhudarov R.M.,

j Dr. Savkin M.N.,

prof. Knishnikov V.A.

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- The workshop to be held in the USSR on 23-30 September concerns the problem of methodical approaches to Cs internal dose prediction for large contingents of people.

- The discussion of the models for formation and prediction of Cs internal doses due to ingestion.

--The discussion of the validation of the principles concer-ning the necessary in'tervention levels limiting Cs uptake by the

humans, q

- Estimation of the importance of different food stuffs for formation of Cs internal doses, validation of their derived 1

intervention levels being a measure for the reduction of public internal dose burdens.

- Development of the protocol for joint studies concerning 1370s internal doses to' population.

- Determination of the sample of objects of interest.

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- Carrying - out of -jointYwork in the USSR in May,1991.

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- Discussion of obtained results in the USA in September, 1991, in order to prepare the joint report and disenssion of the trends of further joint studies.

- A number of participants of the meetings from both parties F./

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must be 5 - 7 persons-; their names are specified by coordinators according to the working procedure.

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4. Theme:

Mathematical models and prediction of radiation risk of stochastic effectas

4. 1. Cooperation in this field up;to the endiof 1991 is j

i expected to result in one or more joint _ publications:on-prediction of carcinogenic effects of-low-level radiation.

- 4.2. On the-Soviet part, the work will be coordinated by I.V. F11yusbkin.

4. 3. ' As an initial step, a worksbop is planned' in the form i

of a free discussion on the following scientific andlorganizing aspects:

- cecbanis=s of radiation' carcinogenesis;

- theoretical'premisos for assessment of risk-reducing factors at low doses and/or low dose rates;

- meaningful empirical data on carcinogenic effects of reduced levels of radiation (including leukemogenic effects of exposure to the East Ural radioactive' trail);

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- theoretical 1 premises'for applicability'of absolute /relativ risk and additive /multiplicative risk-projection models; meaningful empirical data;

- synergism in radiation carcinogenesis;

- premises for establishing, on the consensus basis, risk l

factors of cancer induction by low-level-ionizing radiation;

- a list of joint publications to be prepared during 1991;

- preliminary groups-of authors and mechanisms of preparing joint. publications.

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4. The workshop is to be held in the USA in ' January 1991.

i The number of Sosiet participants is about'seven. The exast I

location, - time and complement of American participants will be communicated by the American party.

4. 5. A preliminary list of: Soviet scientists includes I.V. Filyushkin (coordinator), L.A. Buldakov, I.M. Petoyan, I

M.M. Kosenko, G.U. Avetisov. The final list will be-given to the American party after the location, time and receptibility a:

known.

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Memorandum of-Meeting in Kiev, June 4-5, 1990 for Working Croup 7.2 The USA team consisting of working group 7.0 leader (Dr.M.Schulman, U.S. Dept.

i of Energy) and the scientific group leaders, Prof. M. Goldman [7.2) and Dr. L. -

)

Anspaugh (7.1)'with Dr. S.Yaniv of the U.S.N.R.C.

of the JCCCNRS W.C.7.2 on Health Effects met in Kiev vith the staff of the All Union Scientific. Center il for Radiation Medicine (AUSCRAM) to agree on-implementing cooperative i

projects, defining their objectives, and assigning leadora for each of the proposed projects. It was recommended that for convenience and efficiency, l

I each project would be located at a particular Institute or Laboratory. It will be the task of the 7.0 management to insure that there vill be an adequate

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level of cross' comunication among the different tasks. Dr. M.Goldman and Dr.

1 Schulman vill coordinate communication and science for-the US side; Dr.

Romanenko will coordinate science, and Dr.. Tsvetkova -vill coordinate i

communications on the Ukraine (Kiev) side.

l In general, each project will begin with an organizational, or " focusing"_

meeting, followed by a workshop to develop specific experimental > or study i

plans and designs. The projects are to begin as soon as possible. After about 1-1.5 years, the US side vill evaluate propress.6itermine which if any I

projects merit continuation and/or expansion, and at which level of support.

Thus the first 1.5 years serve as a " pilot" program, which the US side hopes

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vill prove the foundation for a significant bilateral research partnership, oO The projects discussed include:-

-Thyroid Study:

A-US-USSR vorkshop is-planned -to follow the WHO corJerence on Radiation and the Thyroid. The WHO' conference is_ planned for Deewber 3-6, 1990, and the bilateral workshop for December'7-10, 1990. The All Union Center in Kiev vill be the host for the meetings.

An important objective of the v'orkshop will.be' discussions on the 1

applicability of the most modern procedures to detect thyroid dysfunction, define exposure and dose, and to suggest improved methods for standardization and quality assurance. Reconstruction of individual thyroid doses under Dr.

Lichtarev's direction for the Kiev vork is an integral part of this study.

Suggested US leader is Dr. Robert Miller; 5-10 US experts'in pathology, endocrinology, dosimetry and epidemiology will be-invited by.AUSCRM.,

Suggested USSR Leader is Dr.

Romanenko, or Dr Tronko with about_10-20 Soviet specialists.

BIOLOGICAL DOSIMETRY l

Currently there are 3 subprojects under consideration in this research topic.The primary objective of the research is the determination of limits of.

confidence and limits of detection of biological markers of radiation exposure i

and cross calibration with physical dosimetry measurements or estimates of exposure.

l The'CPA assay will be applied to selected samples from the populatiens under study. The assay will be calibrated,- and the method's errors and repeatability will be determined and evaluated, as well as the relation to radiation dose estimates. It is important to assess >the applicability'of this technic to validate d3mo M Nb M-M-1

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b Possible effects of age-or other factors will. be studied.

In, addition, analysis of somatic. mutations in antigen histocompatality locus of human leukocytes will be studied by Dr. Tchumak [ Kiev) and Dr Langlois (Livermorp.

Jensen of the US, Pilinskya at Kiev and Pleshanov at Moscos vill be the particioants.

" Chromosome Painting" is another biological-test to be implemented to assess its value for rapidly _ quantifying-translocations.

The same objectives are intended as for the CPA assay above..

P111nskya'of Kiev and T.Straume of-US will be the participants.

Automated Chromosomal Analysis 1s a project-whose objective is to attempt to implement and " perfect" an effective and. rapid screen for.

dicentrics and other aberrations in blood cells'taken from persons with.

differing radiation histories.

U.S. leader is Dr. Niel Wald and the USSR leader is Pilinskya.

Since segments of this work (i.e. CPA assay), has already begun, there is a need to develop a specific plan and timetable within the context of the JCCCNRS protocols.

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES NOTE! A representative sample of the leukemia, thyroid and dosimetry registers is urgently needed for review by-Dr. Beebe's team during the next week if the protocol planning is to begin in earnest!

-Leukemia Study:

The objective is to design a long term' leukemia epidemiology protocol, involving selected population cohorts, which includes the dose reconstruction, particularly of bone marrow,-necessary to create a. dose-effect relationship with minimum uncertainty.

Included will be consideration of all dose sources, including bone seeking radionuclides such as Sr-90. Dr. Lichtarev vill provide the necessary support for the project dosimetry.

A " pilot" planning meeting vill be held in Kiev in the first half of October,1990, including an epidemiologist,J1eukemia expert, and an expert in dosimetry. (May also visit Minsk). The objective is to plan for a workshop in the US (Bethesda),

in January,1990 with about 5 Soviet experts. The product will ' be a. study protocol for epidemiology of possible Chernobyl induced leukemias.

Drs. Bebeshko of Kiev and Beebe:of the US will be the task leaders.

-Population Health Surveys Two specific. surveys which warrant consideration for protocol development were discussed. These vill not only relate to the general problems of health = in "Chernobyl" population cohorts, but have the potential to add perspective to the other epidemiology projects that have been described above.

j Child Health Survey-To better define morbidity and impacts on growth and development.

intelligence and-psychological disturbances. -a child health survey is.

proposed. It-vill include cohorts of children from Ukraine, from the evacuated zone, the-strict control. areas, and new born babies:of rirradiated. parents who m

e control groups. The focus of the project is to define methodological i

approaches for design and implementation of the most efficient and effective survey by the Soviet side.This proposal and the one which follows, will be presented to Dr. Beebe and his associates for comment and consideration.

A preliminary planning visit by Dr. Beebe and associates will precede a j

vorkshop if this project is to be initiated.

The Soviet leaders will be Drs.

Buzonov and Lukyanova.

Adult Health. Survey-To better define and understand the consequences of the Chernobyl accident on liquidators, evacuees from the 30-km. zone, those living in areas of control-D15 C1/ sq. km), and those who have returned to live in the 30 km zone, an inclusive health survey of the adult population is proposed.

While most persons did not receive medically significant exposures, quantitative data on morbidity, mortality and disease indices as a function of desographics, e.g. age, sex, prior health status, diet, cofactors, etc., would place in perspective the role, if any, of exposure to consequences of the Chernobyl accident. The design of a pilot study should be considered by Dr.

Beebe's team.

Epidemiological Methodology, Data Management and Training-The US side proposes that detailed discussions begin on a program to provide opportunity for several young Soviet scientists to obtain additional special training in epidemiology and data management methods.

In addition, the potential to have visiting US experts work for extended intervals in this area vill be explored. Tha limited number of experts in the USSR who are available for the design anc management of epidemiology studies of leukemia, thyroid and the health surveys, makes this a critical' element in the potential success of these studies.

For the U.S. Delegation For the USSR Delegation f

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A Dr.(J in Goldman Dr. Oles A. Pyatak for US Vorking for USSR Working Group 7.2 HEALTH EFFECTS Croup 7.2 HEALTH EFFECTS In Kiev, June 5, 1990.

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