ML20058B819
| ML20058B819 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Pilgrim |
| Issue date: | 06/30/1993 |
| From: | Richard Anderson, Rothert W BOSTON EDISON CO. |
| To: | ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, MASSACHUSETTS, COMMONWEALTH OF |
| References | |
| BECO93-113, NUDOCS 9312020240 | |
| Download: ML20058B819 (11) | |
Text
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sosrow a m on Pilgnm Nuclear Power Station Rocky Hill Road Plymouth. Massachusetts 02360 W. C. Rothert General Manager Technecal October 22, 1993 BECo'93-113 Mass. Division of Water Pollution Control Regulatory Branch - 7th Floor One Winter Street Boston, MA 02108 NPDES PERMIT MARINE ECOLOGY MON.ITORING REPORT
Dear Sirs:
In accordance with Part I, Paragraphs A.8.b & e, and Attachment A, Paragraph I.F, of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station NPDES Permit No. MA0003557 (Federal) and No. 359 (State), Semi-Annual Marine Ecology Report No. 42 is submitted. This covers the period from January through June 1993.
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W. C. Rot ert
Attachment:
Semi-Annual Marine Ecology Report No. 42 RDA/ cab /6287 cc: Mass. Division of Water Pollution Control Lakeville Hospital Lakeville, MA 02346 29-1ES R
M sosn m exson Pdgnm Nuclear Power Statsun Rocky Hill Road Plymouth, Massachusetts 02360 W. C. Rothert General Manager Technical October 22, 1993 BECo 93-113 NPDES Program Operations Section (WCP)
Environmental Protection Agency P.O. Box 8127 Boston, MA 02114 NPDES PERMIT MARINE ECOLOGY MONITORING REPORT
Dear Sirs:
In accordance with Part I, Paragraphs A.8.b & e, and Attachment A, Paragraph I.F, of the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station NPDES Permit No. MA0003557 (Federal) and No. 359 (State), Semi-Annual Marine Ecology Report No. 42 is submitted. This covers the period from January through June 1993.
W. C. Rothert
Attachment:
Semi-Annual Marine Ecology Report No. 42 RDA/ cab /6287
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marineecologyitucrief Reloted to Operotion ofPilgrim/totion SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT NUMBER 42 JANUARY 1993-JUNE 1993 h ~ _ * *: q.; v. ;.y R
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MARINE ECOLOGY STUDIES RELATED TO OPERATION OF PILGRIM STATION SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT NO. 42 REPORT PERIOD:
JANUARY 1993 THROUGH JUNE 1993 DATE OF ISSUE:
OCTOBER 31, 1993
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i Compiled and Reviewed by:
Robert-D. Anderson Principal Marine Biologist 1
l Licensing Division Boston Edison Company 25 Braintree Hill Office Park Braintree, Massachusetts 02184-l l
l
1 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I
SUMMARY
II INTRODUCTION III MARINE BIOTA STUDIES IIIA Marine Fisheries Monitorina Semi-Annual Report on Monitoring to Assess Impact of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station on Marine Fisheries Resources of Western Cape Cod Bay, Project Report No. 55 (January - June 1993)
(Mass. Dept. of Fisheries, Wildlife and Environmental Law Enforcement; Division of Marine Fisheries) j IIIB Benthic Monitorina Benthic Algal Monitoring at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (Qualitative Transect Surveys), January 1993 - June 1993 (Science Applications International Corp.)
j IllC Entrainment Monitorina Ichthyoplankton Entrrinment Monitoring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, January - June 1993 (Marine Research, Inc.)
IIID Impinaement Monitorina Impingement of Organisms at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station:
January
- June 1993.
(Boston Edison Company)
-l IV Minutes of Meeting 79 of the Administrative-Technical Committee, Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station.
ii
SUMMARY
l l
l Highlights of the _ environmental surveillance and monitoring program results obtained over this reporting period (January - June 1993) are presented below.
(Note:
PNPS was in a refueling outage during April and May 1993.)
1 Marine Fisheries Monitorina:
i i
1.
Shrimp trawl catch from April - June 1993 recorded 23 benthic fish species with little skate (36.7%), Atlantic cod (18.5%), winter flounder (14.7%), and windowpane (13.9%) composing 84% of the total.
Mean catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) for all species was highest at the Warren Cove (71.2) and 52.4 for all stations pooled in 1993 (41% higher than in 1992).
CPUE from January - June 1993 for commercially important winter flounder was highest at the Pilgrim Intake Station, and the smallest winter flounder recorded were also sampled there.
Groundfish diving transects continued to be evaluated in association with bottom trawling, and preliminary winter flounder stock assessment work was performed to determine i
population parameters.
i 2.
In May - June 1993 fish observational dive surveys seven species were observed in the discharge area.
Striped bass (46%) were the most numerous species seen, with cunner second (24%) and bluefish j
third (15%) in observational abundance.
No fish showed abnormal behavior and no gas bubble disease symptoms were observed on routine observational dives. Most fish were in greatest I-1 l
l
~
4 concentrations in the path of the PNPS discharge, being observed most often in the denuded zone (92%).
3.
The June 26 - 30, 1993 shorefront sportfish survey at Pilgrim l
Station recorded 102 angler-trips.
The PNPS thermal discharge attracted sportfish species with catches of striped bass (15) and bluefish (28) being recorded for a mean catch rate of 0.4 fish-per-angler-trip.
4.
The research lobster study commenced in June 1993 and recorded 0.12 adult lobsters (0.13 in 1992) per pot as a catch rate in 565 f
pot-hauls.
The catch rate for sublegal lobsters decreased t
generally at stations closest to the PNPS discharge.
5.
The cunner tagging study concentrated on assessing tagging and -
mark / recapture for population estimation.
Tagged cunner (510) released in June 1993 had a 30.4% recapture rate during the summer.
Imoinaement Monitorina:
i l
I 1.
The mean January - June 1993 impingement collection rate was 2.58 t
l fish /hr. The rate ranged from 0.28 fish /hr (June) to 8.06 fish /hr (March) with Atlantic silverside comprising 69.5% of the catch, followed by rainbow smelt, 8.0% and winter flounder, 6.2%.
I-2
I 4
2.
For March 1993, when the fish impingement rate was 8.06, Atlantic silverside accounted for 88% of the fishes collected.
Fish impingement rate was notably higher in 1989-1993 than in 1988 l
(0.30) because Pilgrim Station had much less circulating water pump capacity than normal that year.
3.
The mean January - June 1993 invertebrate collection rate was j
i 1.09/hr with ctenophores -(undetermined numbers), sevenspine bay i
shrimp (34.5%+) and horseshoe crabs (19.7%) dominating the catch.
Forty-one American lobsters were caught.
t 4.
Impinged fish initial survival at the end of the Pilgrim Station intake sluiceway was approximately 67% for static washes and 38%
for continuous washes.
i Benthic Monitorina April and June 1993 mappings of the near-shore acute impact zones were performed.
Negligible Chondrus growth in the denuded zone was evident for both April (1,239m ) and June (1,055m ) indicating 2
2 1
continuing impact since the 1986 - 1988 PNPS outage.
In June a dense mat of juvenile blue mussels blanketed considerably less.of i
the sparse / stunted zone of Chondrus than was apparent in June of 1990 and 1992, possibly because of reduced thermal discharge due to the April /May 1993 refueling outage.
1 l
I-3 l
l
Entrainment Monitorina:
I 1.
A total of 33 species of fish eggs and/or larvae were found in the January - June 1993 entrainment collections: 17 eggs, 26 larvae.
2.
Egg collections for January ' - April 1993 (winter-early spring spawning) contained Atlantic cod, American plaice, winter and yellowtail flounder eggs.
May and June (late spring - summary spawning) egg samples were most representative of Atlantic l
l mackerel, windowpane and labrids.
3.
Larval collections for January - April 1993 were dominated by rock gunnel, sculpin and sand lance.
For May and June larvae, sand lance, fourbeard rockling, Atlantic mackerel and radiated shanny dominated.
4.
No lobster larvae were collected in the entrainment samples for January - June 1993.
5.
In no cases were unusually high densities of ichthyoplankton found, requiring contingency sampling to be initiated.
i 1
l I
I-4 i
C
INTRODUCTION A.
Scope and Ob.iective l
i l
This is the forty-second semi-annual report on the status and results of the Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring Program related to the operation of
{
l Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS).
The monitoring programs discussed in j
i this report relate specifically to the Western Cape Cod Bay ecosystem with particular emphasis on the Rocky Point area.
This is the thirtieth semi-annual report in accordance with the environmental monitoring and reporting requirements of the PNPS Unit 1 NPDES Permit from the U.S.
Environmental i
Protection Agency (#MA0003557) and Massachusetts Division of Water Pollution Control
(#359).
A multi-year (1969-1977) report incorporating marine fisheries, benthic, plankton /entrainment and impingement studies was submitted to the NRC in July 1978, as required by the PNPS Appendix B Tech. Specs.
Programs in these areas have been continued under the PNPS NPDES permit.
l Amendment #67 (1983) to the PNPS Tech. Specs. deleted Appendix B non-radiological water quality requirements as the NRC felt they are covered in the NPDES Permit.
l l
The objectives of the Environmental Surveillance and Monitoring Program are to I
l determine whether the operation of the PNPS results in measurable effects on the marine ecology and to evaluate the significance of any observed effects.
If an effect of significance is detected, Boston Edison Company has committed I
to take steps to correct or mitigate any adverse situation.
These studies are guided by the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee l
(PATC) which was chaired by a member of the Mass. Division of Water Pollution II - 1
Control in 1993 and whose membership includes representatives from the University of Massachusetts, the Mass. Division of Water Pollution Control, the Mass. Division of Marine Fisheries, the National Marine Fisheries Service i
(NOAA), the Mass. Office of Coastal Zone Management, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Boston Edison Company.
Copies of the Minutes of the Pilgrim Station Administrative-Technical Committee meetings held during this reporting period are included in Section V.
B.
Marine Biota Studies 1.
Marine Fisheries Monitorina A modified version of the marine fisheries monitoring, initiated in 1981, is being conducted by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Division of P
Marine Fisheries (DMF).
I The occurrence and distribution of fish around Pilgrim Station and at sites outside the area of temperature increase are being monitored.
In 1981, shrimp trawling was initiated which provides PNPS impact-related sampling of benthic fish.
Shrimp trawling was done twice/ month (April -
I December) at 4 stations (Figure 1).
1 Monitoring was terminated in 1993 of local lobster stock catch statistics for areas in the proximity of Pilgrim Station.
Catch statistics were collected approximately biweekly throughout the fishing season (May-November) from 1970 - 1992.
l l
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II - 2
A finfish observational dive program was initiated in June 1978.
SCUBA-i gear is utilized on biweekly dives from May-October (weekly mid-August to mid-September) at 6 stations (Figure 1) in the PNPS thermal plume area, l
In 1986, an experimental, lobster pot trawl monitoring effort was initiated to far.ilitate the collection of lobster stock catch statistics for determining PNPS effects.
Nine 5-pot lobster trawls were fished in the thennal plume and control areas around PNPS during 1993 (Figure 2).
Results of the marine fisheries monitoring during the reporting period are presented in Section IIIA.1 and IIIA.2.
2.
Benthic Monitorina The benthic monitoring described in this report was conducted by Scientific Applications International Corporation, Woods
- Hole, Massachusetts.
1 Retrospective benthic program and physical thermal plume analyses are being conducted to recommend the most applicable future studies to be performed. Qualitative transect sampling off the discharge canal to determine the extent of the denuded and stunted zones was conducted four times a year (March, June, September and December). Results of the benthic monitoring reported during this period are discussed in Section IIIB.
II - 3
3.
Plaakton Monitorina i
Marine Research, Inc.
(MRI) of Falmouth, Massachusetts, has been i
monitoring entrainment in Pilgrim Station cooling water of fish eggs and
{
larvae, and lobster larvae (from 1973-1975 phytoplankton and zoo-plankton were also studied).
Figure 3 shows the entrainment contingency sampling station locations.
Information generated through these studies has been utilized to make periodic modifications in the sampling program to more
[
efficiently address the question of the effect of entrainment.
These l
modifications have been developed by the contractor, and reviewed and I
i approved by the Pilgrim A-T Committee on the basis of the program i
i resul t s.
Plankton monitoring in 1993 emphasized consideration of t
ichthyoplankton entrainment and selected species adult equivalency
[
t analyses. Results of the ichthyoplankton entrainment monitoring for this
[
reporting period are discussed in Section 111C.
4.
Impinaement Monitorina v
F The Pilgrim Station impingement monitoring and survival program j
speciates, quantifies and determines viability of the organisms ~ carried i
onto the four intake traveling screens.
Since January 1979, Marine l
Research, Inc. has been conducting impingement sampling with results being reported on by Boston Edison Company.
r A new screen wash sluiceway system was installed at Pilgrim in 1979 at a total cost of approximately $150,000.
This new sluiceway system was i
i required by the U.S.
Environmental Protection ~ Agency and the Mass.
l l
i 11 - 4
Division of Water Pollution Control as a part of NPDES Permit #MA0003557.
Special fish survival studies conducted from 1980-1983 to determine its l
effectiveness in protecting marine life were terminated in 1984, and a
)
final report on them appears in Marine Ecology Semi-Annual Report #23.
I Results of the impingement monitoring and survival program for this i
reporting period are discussed in Section 1110.
l C.
Fish Surveillance Studies
[
l March - November, weekly fish spotting overflights were conducted as part of a continuing effort to monitor the times when large concentrations of fish might-be expected in the Pilgrim vicinity.
i An annual summary report for this effort for 1993 will be presented in Semi-i Annual Report No. 43.
l D.
Station Ooeration History The daily average, reactor thermal power levels from January through June 1993 i
are shown in Figure 4.
As can be seen, PNPS was in a normal operating stage for most of this reporting period except during RF0#9 which occurred in April and May.
l II - 5
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E.
1993 Environmental Proarams r
1 I
l A planning schedule bar chart for 1993 environmental monitoring programs related to the operation of Pilgrim Station, showing task activities and milestones from December 1992 - June 1994, is included.
Gill netting and commercial lobster pot monitoring were terminated in 1993.
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l SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT ON i
MONITORING TO ASSESS IMPACT OF PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION ON MARINE FISHERIES RESOURCES OF WESTERN CAPE COD BAY Project Report No. 55 (January - June 1993)
By Robert P.
Lawton, Brian C. Kelly, i
Vincent J. Malkoski, John H.
- Chisholm, Paul Nitschke, and William O'Brien l
1
)
September 1, 1993 Massachusetts Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Environmental Law Enforcement Division of Marine Fisheries 100 Cambridge Street Boston, Massachusetts 02202 1
J i
J I
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Pace i
I.
Executive Summary 1
l II.
Introduction 4
III.
Results and Discussion 4
- 1. Controlled Research Lobster Fishing 4
2.
Groundfish - Trawling 6
- 3. Groundfish - Diving Transects 10
- 4. Winter Flounder Stock Assessment 12
- 5. Underwater Finfish Observations 13 i
- 6. Sportfishing 15 7.
Cunner Mark and Recapture 15 IV.
Acknowledgments 19 V.
Literature Cited 20 I
i 1
11
e i
LIST OF TABLES Table pace 1
1.
Expanded trawl catch and percent composition of 8
finfish captured by nearshore trawling in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, April through June 1993.
2.
Expanded trawl catch data (total length and.
9 catch per unit effort) for dominant demersal community finfish occurring in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, April through June 1992.
3.
Number of fish, number per square meter, and 11 size range of three fish species observed by divers along transects at three trawl stations in the immediate vicinity of Pilgrim Station, I
May through June 1993.
f 6
i i
i I
1 iii l
l l
I
l
(
l l
1 j
LIST OF FIGURES i
l' Figure Pace 1.
Diagram of experimental lobster stations, 5
1993.
2.
Location of Shrimp *rrawl and Dive Sampling 7
Stations for Marine Fisheries Studies.
3.
Survey tool used by divers for abundance 11 and size estimation along trawl transects in the Pilgrim Station area.
4.
Finfish abundance as observed by divers 13 in the area around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal, May and June, 1993.
5.
Finfish distribution as noted by divers in 14 the area around the Pilgrim Station j
discharge canal, May and June, 1993, i
1 6.
Creel data form used at Pilgrim Shorefront 16 to record sportfishing information.
l iv l
l
I.
EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
Controlled Research Lobster Fishina Sampling stations in the discharge - area were relocated to better assess if the thermal effluent causes a spatial shift in the
~
distribution of the American lobster (Homams americanus) off_ Pilgrim Station.
Thirteen sampling trips were made in June,- and data collected from 565 trap-hauls.
Capturing 1,510 (96% sublegal -
< 82.55 mm CL) in the study area, the catch rates averaged 0.12 legals and 2.56 sublegals.
Sublegal catch rates generally increased moving offshore and outside the thermal plume,-with the lowest rate recorded at the station in the plume closest to-the discharge canal.
Groundfish - Trawlina Nearshore bottom trawling was conducted at fixed stations in the inshore sector of Western Cape Cod Bay from April through June 1993.
A total of 1,730 finfish representing 23 species was collected in 33 trawl tows.
Overall mean catch per unit effort (CPUE) for all stations and species pooled was 52.4 fish per tow, as compared to 37.2 last year. Numerically. dominant species in.the groundfish catch were little skate (Raja crinacca), Atlantic cod (Gadus mothua), winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus), windowpane (Scophthalmus aquosus), and yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectesferrugincous).
Groundfish - Divina Transects Diver transect surveys, initiated in 1992, were continued'to sample three dominant groundfish species
- winter flounder, windowpane, and little skate - found in the Pilgrim Station area.
1
1 1
The divers note the number of fish and estimate their size using a T-shaped sampling tool.
Estimates of relative abundance were greatest in the Intake, with far fewer fish observed at the Discharge and Priscilla Beach stations.
Winter Flounder Stock Assessment Preliminary work was completed this past winter and spring inside Plymouth-Kingston-Duxbury Bay estuary and the inshore waters of the Pilgrim Station area (2 4.8 m MLW) with the intent of estimating the population size of adult winter flounder.
Over 100 bottom trawl tows were made, and catch per unit effort data collected to be used with an area swept approach.
We also marked captured winter flounder 2 25 cm TL to provide information on local flounder movement and as a second methodology to estimate population number.
Of the 125 fish marked through June, only one fish was recovered.
Underwater Finfish Observations Four biweekly SCUBA surveys were made at six fixed stations in and around the discharge canal from May to June 1993.
Seven species of finfish were sighted, with bluefish, cunner, rock gunnel r
t and striped bass comprising 93%
of the total observed.
Distributionally, 92%
of all the fish were observed in the
" denuded" zone, 6% in the " stunted" and 2% in the " control" area.
Soortfishinct Five sampling days in June (26th - 30th) were spent monitoring the sportfishery at Pilgrim Shorefront.
A total of 102 angler-i trips was made to the area and 43 fish caught (15 striped bass and l
2
~.
28 bluefish) for an average catch rate of 0.4 fish-per-angler-trip.
Fishing was centered in the thermal plume.
Cunner Mark and Recapture We have studied the distribution and move.nent patterns of adult cunner off Pilgrim Station and are now working to estimate population size.
Cunner are caught in baited fish traps, marked with Floy T-bar anchor tags, and then released in the capture area.
This June, 1,246 cunner were captured, and 510 tagged (fish 2 120 mm TL).
We recaptured 155 of these fish (tagged in June of this year) for a recapture rate of 30.4%.
An additional 58 fish tagged in 1992 were recovered.
We are currently conducting a controlled l
retention study for the Floy T-bar anchor tag in cunner held at the l
National Marine Fisheries Aquarium in Woods Hole, MA.
i 1
l I
i 3
l l
II.
INTRODUCTION Monitoring of the marine environment off Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station is conducted to assess impact of plant operation.
l Ecological studies are conducted by the power plant team of the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries (MDMF), focusing on the lobster and finfish populations in the off-site waters of western Cape Cod Bay.
This work'is funded by Boston Edison Company under Purchase Order No. LBR107003 in 1993.
l
. ?
In this progress report, data collected over the months of January through June 1993 are summarized.
Measurements,. counts, t
and observations are used in the analyses.
l i
i III.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION l
i 1.
CONTROLLED RESEARCH LOBSTER FISHING I
I During this, the eighth year of our research American lobster study off Pilgrim Station, we relocated several sampling sites f
establishing a gradient both offshore and alongshore.
Nine fixed i
i i
j stations (Figure 1) are sampled with baited lobster traps using a l
I standard soak time of two days.
Traps are arrayed in line trawls '-
l l
1 l
five replicates per station - set parallel to shore., Stations 0,G, l
and K are situated in the path of-and transect the thermal plume.
The other six sites are considered reference locations.
Our objective is to determine if the effluent causes a spatial shift in the distribution of lobster off the plant.
Data will be analyzed
]
for alterations in the catch rate and size composition.
The following.is a brief summary of data collected this June.-
l 4
l j
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l Cape Cod Bay L
N 3agg -
F K
"a
' SSM '
gg M
G' 1r H
N O
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100M Canal g
Parking Boat bt 03]ODGDIDGDIDi3 Ramp GD'000000'00
/, p gq e-r C
00 I
100
- 555 3=:=
Egs
=. m m Key:
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LOBSTER STATIONS PILGRIM IUUUUIUUUI V ST/. TION 10001000Q i
l
\\
Figure 1. Diagram of Experimental Lobster Stations,1993 (not drawn to scale).
l i
i 5
l 1
i
l During 13 sampling events, we captured 1,510 lobster (multiple i
(
recaptures possible as lobster are released after processing) from 565 trap-hauls in the study area.
Four percent of the catch was legal (2: 82.55 mm CL) in size, with an overall catch ratio of 1 i
legal to 21.9 sublegals.
The mean catch rate for June in the study i
area was 2.7 lobster per trap haul.
As to a' breakdown of catch i
rates for legals and sublegals, the overall monthly means were 0.12
}
and 2.56 lobster per trap haul, respectively.
These values match f
t up well with last year's data - pooled catch rate = 2.6; legal =
l l
i 0.13; and sublegal = 2.44.
Sublegal catch rates generally increased going offshore and i
outside the plume area. What stands out most is the markedly lower I
catch rate of sublegals at Station 0, the sampling site likely to l
be most influenced by the thermal discharge on the bottom.
The i
mean sublegal catch rate at this location for June was 1.67, but I
ranged from 2.00 to 3.55 at the other sampling =tations.
2.
GROUNDFISH - TRAWLING i
Our nearshore systematic trawl survey began in April this l
I year and proceeded through June.
No tows. were made at fixed l
stations in the inshore sector of Western Cape Cod Bay from January l
L i
through March.
During the winter months we sampled for winter 5
flounder inside the Plymouth Harbor, Kingston Bay, and Duxbury Bay complex.
Fixed-station sampling began in April and continued biweekly through June.
Station locations (Figure 2) -included Warren Cove, Priscilla Beach, Pilgrim Station's Discharge area, and the Intake embayment.
Catches for tows greater than or equal' to 10 6
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r 1
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Gurnet Pt.
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f CAPE COD j
BA Y.
t t,
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h 5
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1/2 -
i N
& iia a
$CALE IN MtLES '.
j j
Long saacs PL YMOUTH RA Y
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MARBOM l
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o m.
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' m,,.
LEGEND s.
POWER PLANT 4- "'.~"'s'
- Horn Beach k.
'.;g _ '.,
j 7c -
N.,,,
Pomr'.
SHRIMP TRAWL STATIONS (T) @ l Md= ae8
[
- oivs sT4Tions to) <
- / J ~
,%s,. g.
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Po,rt
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ir 8:.
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,;y ff T};l;
.: J 3
,y.-
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l Figure 2.
Location of Shrimp Trawl and Dive Sampling Stations for Marine Fisheries Studies, 7
i l
minutes, but less than the standard 15 minute duration, were multiplied by an expansion factor (15 minutes / actual tow minutes) to standardize sampling effort.
Any tow of less than 10 minutes was rejected a priori.
i l
A total of 1,730 finfish (expanded catch) comprising 23-species was collected during 33 tows in the study area (Table 1).
l In 1992,.1,265 finfish were collected, in 34 tows for the same
{
t period.
Five species: little skate (Raja crinacca), Atlantic cod (Gadus j
morhua), winter flounder (Meuronectes americanus), windowpane (Scophthalmus aquosus), and ye11owtai1 f1ounder (Mcuronectesfctmgincous), comprised 89.3%
l of this year's spring catch.
I Table 1.
Expanded trawl catch' and percent conposition of finfish captured i
by nearshore trawling in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, April through June 1993.
Species Warren Pilgrim Priscitta Pilgrim total Percent Cove Discharge Beach Intake of Catch Little skate 238.0 1166.69 111.0 C118.S t 634.0 36.7 Atlantic cod 239.0 153.4 J 21.2 E 16;3 P 319.8 18.5 Winter ftounder 69.0
[ 74'.2 2 62.1 5.48 4]:' 253.9 14.7 Windowpane 100.0 1; 67Ef 54.5
+ y18.7f 240.6_
13.9 Yellowtait flounder 13.0 K35.5 E 33.2 932.9 %
94.6 5.5 other spp.'
53.0 358.9t 37.8 i:?36.9%.186.9 10.8 l
i Total catch 712.0 d{456.Dic 319.8 $24tl1h 1729.8 NLanber of tows 10 j 9L.
9
- E)$C 33 Catch per tow 71.2 l 50.74 35.5 jijiy46l45 52.4 i
[:0 [l 26.4 F Percent catch 41.2 18.5 i!14.0L Ntsnber of species 18
( i:15; 4 13 gf54 !i 23
' Catch rates were expanded for. tows less than the standard 15-minute duration.
' Represent conbined totals f rom 18 species of low catch.
t CPUE (mean catch per standard 15 minute tow) for all stations i
and species pooled averaged 52.4 fish per tow, as compared to last year's mean of 37.2.
Calculated by station, CPUE for all species I
pooled ranged from 71.2 in Warren Cove to 35.5 fish per tow at J
Priscilla Beach (Table 1).
For'1992, CPUE..was greatest in the.
i 8
.f
)
i t
I
Pilgrim intake embayment (51.3) and lowest at Warren Cove (29.3).
Once again, little skate ranked first in trawl catch with i
36.7% of the total. Relative abundance of little skate ranged from a high of 23.8 fish per tow in Warren Cove to 12.3 off P riscilla l
i Beach (Table 2).
Relative abundance for the study area was 19.2 l
i which is up from last year (14.9).
l Table 2.
Expanded trawl catch data (total length and catch per unit effort) for dominant demersal comunity finfish occurring l
in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station, Aprit through June 1993.
l
. Winter Little l
Station flounder Windowpane skate WARREN COVE f
Mean catch / tow
.6.9 10.0 23.8 Mean size tem) 25 24 38 Size range (cm) 6-45 9-31 19-53
. PILGRIM. DISCHARGE..
,,........3, R8 teen catch / tow?
~ ?B.2:ii e7.$2 s
,s,........,
118.$1 smean.s tre Aces):$, '
>211.
.f23 s.
1)40 ? ',
j iSizegangef ~~
th41j
, jjy34j;
!Q1;$$j l
PRISCILLA BEACH l
Mean catch / tow 6.9 6.1 12.3
[
Mean size (cm) 20 23 37 size range 8-38 11-31 17-53
.. I
- mean catch / tons.
s
, 0173
' TL7a., ' it232; '
~
s.,......,
ineen size tes t 12D h.
'~.s21 (
.;i 35 L
- stre ranee; ~ ' '
43t;[
(a son llA 521 i;
Ranked second, Atlantic cod comprised 18.5% of the total i
- catch, all were young-of-the-year.
The number of cod eggs entrained by the power plant for 1992-93 was not'above average, however (Mike Scherer, personal communication)1 The numbers of juvenile cod caught by trawling possibly reflect a strong year class recruiting to the area.
Winter flounder ranked third comprising 14.7 % of the trawl
' Michael Scherer, President, Marine Research, Inc., Falmouth, MA.
9 I
t E-
catch.
CPUE ranged from 9.7 fish per tow in the Intake to 6.9 at both Warren Cove and Priscilla Beach (Table 2).
The overall winter flounder abundance index was 7.7 while last year's value was 10.5.
Windowpane ranked fourth comprising 13.9% of the total.
Relative abundance ranged from 10.0 in Warren Cove to 3.7 in the Intake embayment (Table 2).
In the Pilgrim area, the overall catch rate for this species was 6.2 in 1992 and 7.3 this year.
Ranked fifth at 5.5% of the catch was yellowtail flounder.
Their relative abundance ranged from 3.9 off the discharge to 1.3 in Warren Cove.
The overall abundance index was 2.9.
We have not sampled large numbers of yellowtail flounder off the plant since the early 1980's.
In conclusion, percent composition of the catches of little skate, windowpane, and yellowtail flounder remained relatively the same.
However, there were sizable increases recorded in the catches of winter flounder and young-of-the-year cod.
3.
GROUNDFISH - DIVING TRANSECTS t
In 1992, diver surveys were initiated along transects at three of our fixed trawl stations - Discharge, Intake, and Priscilla Beach - in an effort to refine sampling of three groundfish dominant in the Pilgrim Station area (Lawton et al.
1993).
Focusing on winter flounder, windowpane, and little skate, we counted the number of fish disturbed or passed over by the sampling l
l tool (Figure 3) and estimated individual lengths via comparison I
f with attached rings spaced 10 cm apart.
j 1
As noted in 1992 (Lawton et al.1993), this sampling technique
]
10 j
l i
I i
i
permits great maneuverability I
I and allows passage over lobster o
x
/
a......
pots, buoy and trawl lines, and boulders, as well as movement i
i c.
i through macroalgae and organic u.. d E - a..'
(g debris.
t.......
A summary of the data 8"'"**
collected in May and June 1993 Figure 3.
survey tool used by divers for is found in Table 3.
abundance and size estimation atong trawl transects in the Pilgrim l
Station area.
l
)
table 3.
Number of fish, ruser per square meter, and size range of three fish species observed by divers along transects at three trawl stations in the immediate vicinity of Pilgrim Station, May through June 1993.
i l
Winter Little Station flounder skate Windowpane Discharge.
....... is 7 6
..y24 x ts6er4
,. 9 :!..
1 Humber.jper ni'( sampled:f!
(0.006:(
(0.008 {
sp.002gx W
sSize: range (ca p '
j::8:30!
l:;4+48jij s C:8f25]i: g.f
(
i nt ak e.,..
.. J..63 1,.
.. 5 5 L,
.... Y2 L i Ahauber.1: =.,.. Mii....
s s
.,,,.4
[insamer per:laff sampledl:
i-LBiD53i!(
lij 0ME..
i
!!(0;00t?!!.
i l
>1 ire range (ca p ,
' 3 3-40]
pt5-30j
.ilJ5-28 b ;
,g Priscilla Beach Nater 2
4 2
Number per m' sanpled 0.002 0.003 0.002
}
size range (cm) 10-25 32-53 20-30 1
Total
(
Water 72 18 6
Nater per m* sampled 0.06 0.015 0.005 l
Size range (cm) 3-40 8-53 8-30 Shaded rows are data collected at surveillarce stations.
Diver estimates (all species) were highest in the Intake (primarily winter flounder).
Far fewer fish were observed at the Discharge and Priscilla Beach stations.
Given the limited amount of sampling, we feel it premature to 1
i 11 1
l
..1
i make comparisons between stations and species.
Comparison with project trawl catches will be made in the annual report at the end f
of 1993 when we have a larger database.
l l
4.
WINTER FLOUNDER STOCK ASSESSMENT At recent Pilgrim A-T meetings, there have been concerns l
l expressed about the potential impact of winter flounder larval
{
l entrainment at Pilgrim Station on the local flounder stock, which l
is assumed to originate from nearby Plymouth-Kingston-Duxbury Bay l
l (PKDB) and to a lesser extent the shoal of Brown's Bank off Warren-Cove (Marine Research, Inc. 1986).
In preliminary efforts to delineate spatial and temporal bounds of winter flounder spawning adults in PKDB and the inshore waters of the Pilgrim Station area, using representative sampling we made a total of 109 bottom trawl I
l I
tows during 16 sampling dates from January through May with the Wilcoxon trawl used in our fixed station nearshore' bottom trawl f
survey.
Using catch per tow data with an area swept approach, we targeted adult winter flounder to generate an estimate of population size, which will'be fine-tuned next year.
Of the trawl tows, 46 were done within PKDB on flats during flood tides and in channels on ebb tides.
The remaining 63 tows h
}
were made outside the estuary in subtidal areas (2 4.8 m (15 ft) l t
l MLW) at fixed stations already part of our nearshore trawl survey l
l and at randomly selected sites using haphazard sampling.~
All 1
j captured flounder were measured and sex and ripeness'noted whenever j
l possible by external examination which included applying light i
pressure to the fish's ventral side.
12 i
W i
I 1
l Winter flounder 2 25 cm total length were marked by clipping the right or left pectoral fin (left pectoral (blind side) for fish captured in PKDB and the right for those taken outside the estuary). The recapture of marked fish will provide information on local flounder movement and an estimate of population number.
Of the 135 flounder captured from PKDB, 120 were taken in May and 9 were marked.
Fifteen fish, in total, were marked within the l
estuary.
Ripe fish were noted in March and spent fish in mid-April.
We marked 110 flounder outside the estuary, with ripe fish noted from late-March through May, and spent individuals, in April l
and May.
Through June, one of the fish mer};ed outside PKDB was l
l recaptured outside the estuary during our biweekly trawl survey.
5.
UNDERWATER FINFISH OBSERVATIONS l
Four biweekly SCUBA surveys were made at six fixed stations in 1
and around the discharge canal l
from May to June, 1993 (Figure 2).
Seven species of finfish sw n
.es (61 Ash)
(Figure 4) were observed, as h&
i
[]
well as invertebrate species s,;
w +; w &
including blue mussel (Mailus 4 e ;Z fi-4 s.
cdulis ),
American
- lobster, 5
1.h>
f i
starfish (Astcrias spp.), and rock 02 5a) b w e, j
(11 A.h) 1 and Jonah crabs (Cancerirroratus and C sh',5 f>orcalis).
Macro-algal taxa Figure 4.
Finfish abundance as observed by l
identified were kelp (Laminaria divers in the area around the Pilgrim Station discharge canal, May and spp.), Enteromorpha spp. and Irish 13 l
A noss (Owndms crispus).
Observation of the benthos revealed patches of blue mussels i
extending from inside the discharge canal out to the large erratic at Station D,
As expected, by late June the mussel bed had 3
l attracted large numbers of starfish.
The total number of fish sighted (133) was lower than for May and June of 1992 (192 fish), but more species were recorded.
Striped bass outnumbered other species in individuals sighted; most were in the denuded zone.
Cunner ranked second, followed by bluefish and rock gunnel (Figure 4).
Lower numbers of cunner (32 fish) were noted when compared to last year (90 fish), but cunner were sighted earlier.
Only three tautog were seen this year which is markedly down from last year's sightings of 43 fish.
Pollock were last observed by divers in 1991.
of the total fish visually r
Flnfish Distribution 1
- sampled, 92%
were in the
" denuded"
- zone, 6%
in the l
soa
" stunted" and 2%
in the ao
" control" zones (Figure 5).
so Cunner and rock gunnel were
'O found at most stations. Cunner,
~
o l
however, were found in greatest stum.d p.nuded contrat zone zone zone numbers in the " denuded" zone at Distribution By Zone Station D.
Only one cunner was Figure 5.
rinfish distribution as noted by 1
divers in the area around the Pilgrim I
Station discharge canet, May and observed at Station D inside June, 1993.
2 the discharge canal. There were far fewer cunner than last year at i
14 i
i
the control stations.
Striped bass, bluefish, and tautog were found exclusively at Station D. Sightings of grubby, rock gunnel, g
and winter flounder have been sporadic in the survey area over the years.
There does not appear to be a
pattern to their distribution.
6.
SPORTFISHING l
Creel data were collected on shore-based sportfis:. ting at i
Pilgrim Station Shorefront by seasonal public relations personnel I
from Boston Edison Company.
Anglers are intercepted 't.t an access i
point, and daily information on the sportfishery ar2 recorded on a survey form (Figure 6).
Fishing effort (i.<.,
number of angler-l trips), catch by species, aa.d fishing locations are important l
variables to characterize the recreational fishery.
In June, five days were sampled, beginning the 26th.
A total i
of 102 angler-trips was made to the Shorefront, and 43-fish were caught - 15 striped bass and 28 bluefish.
The catch rate averaged 0.4 fish per angler trip or 8.6 fish per day.
Fishing was centered in the thermal plume.
7.
CUNNER MARK AND RECAPTURE I
We have studied the movement patterns and distribution of adult cunner in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station via mark and recapture, with particular emphasis on their susceptibility to impact of the discharge current.
We are now working towards estimating population numbers.
The Floy T-bar anchor tag is being used.
It is embedded in the dorsal musculature via a tagging gun.
To procure cunner, baited traps are set overnight since cunner are 15
- _ _. -~ ~, _.
1 4
e I
Interviewer's Sheet #
Initials s
1993 Recreational Fish Survey - PNPS Shorefront i
- l Date i
s Weather l
Wind Direction and Speed f
Number of Anglers for the Day
{
Fishing Locations-
.t Bours the Shorefront was open and' fishing allowed
[
(e.g.,
6 am - 5:30 pe).
-l Species Total Number Caught for Day l
Flounder l
(Flatfish) e Striped Bass I
Bluefish Cod f
Pollock f
Tautog l
Mackerel I.
t Cunner
-i (Sea Perch)
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Comments:
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Figure 6.
Creel data form used at Pilgrim Shorefront to
- j record sportfishing information.
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I s
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I most active at dusk and dawn.
All captured cunner are measured, and a numbered tag is placed in the dorsal musculature of individuals 120 mm in total length or longer. Cunner appear to be fully mature by this size.
We are conducting a multiple census of tagging and recovery.
Recapture information is obtained using baited fish traps fished overnight and by SCUBA divers visually resighting (recapturing) marked and unmarked cunner.
These methods allow for multiple recaptures.
Our efforts in June at the outer intake breakwater at Pilgrim Station resulted in 1,246 cunner being captured, of which 510 were tagged. There have been 213 trap recaptures as of the end of June, with 155 from this year's tagging and 58 from last year's.
The recovery rate was 30.4% for 1993 tagged fish, which is relatively high for tagging studies.
l l
In addition to the field study, we are conducting a controlled 1
l tag retention study for the Floy T-Bar anchor placed in the dorsal musculature.
We are holding 20 cunner (15 tagged and 5 controls) all 120 mm or longer in each of 3 tanks for a total of 60 test-fish.
Cunner are fed and observed twice a week, and a log is kept j
of food, water temperature, and pertinent observations.
Through l
the end of June, eight tags have been dropped, while three other fish died accidentally (not. related to tagging).
There are a number of factors that can contribute to tag loss, including water-temperature, tag style and size, tag application and location, and fish behavior.
Tag retention is important for estimating survival 17
1 rates in mark-recapture experiments.
This laboratory study will j
i run through September.
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18-s I
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IV.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I
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The authors thank Chris Kyranos for his cooperation.in lobster sampling, and Raymond Dand and Robert Ellenberger for collecting sportfish data at the Pilgrim Shorefront.
A special thanks-to Kim 1
Trotto of the Division for word-processing sections of this report.
We appreciate the guidance of Robert D. Anderson of Boston Edison
- Company, W.
Leigh Bridges of the ' Division, and. the Pilgrim i
Administrative-Technical Committee.
Their input on study programs.
and comments on project reports have been helpful.
)
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i V.
LITERATURE CITED l
- Lawton, R.P.,
B.C.
Kelly, V. J. Malkoski, J.
H.
Chisholm, and P.
l Nitschke.
1993.
Annual Report on Environmental Impact i
Monitoring of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (Vol I). Project Report No. 54 (January to December 1992). In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station, Semi-Annual Report No. 39. Boston Edison Company, Boston, MA, USA.
Marine Research, Inc. 1986. Winter flounder early life history j
studies related to operation of Pilgrim Station - A review 1975-1984. Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Marine Environmental l
Monitoring Program Report Series No. 2. Boston Edison Company, Boston, MA, USA.
I l
l L
l 20 l
I FINAL SEMI-ANNUAL REPORT Number 42 1
BENTillC ALGAL MONITORING I
AT TIIE l
PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION 3
(QUALITATIVE TRANSECT SURVEYS)
January-June 1993 i
i l
l to i
BOSTON EDISON COMPANY i
Licensing Division 25 Braintree 11111 Ollice Park i
Braintree, Massachusetts 02184 j
l From i
SCIENCE APPLICATIONS INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION 89 Water Street l
Woods Ifole, MA 02543 l
(508) 540-7882 l
l 15 September 1993 i
^
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TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
............................................ 1 i
i 1.0 INTRODU CTION............................................... 2 P
2.0 M ETH ODS.................................................. 2 i
3.0 RESULTS.................................................... 5 l
3.1 APRIL 1993 TRANSECT SURVEY.............................. 5 i
3.2 JUNE 1993 TRANSECT SURVEY............................... 7 i
b 4.0 DISCUSSI ON.................................................. 9 5.0 LITERATURE CITED........................................... 10 i
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I LIST OF MGURES i
i Hgure 1.
Location of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Discharge Canal............. ~ 3 i
Hgure 2.
Design of Qualitative Transect Survey i
..........................- 4 Hgure 3.
Denuded and Sparse Chondrus Zones Observed in April 1993 i
6.
l Egure 4 Denuded, Sparse, and Stunted Chondras Zones Observed in June 1993....
8
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l EXECUTIVE
SUMMARY
This report presents results of qualitative surveys of benthic algae in the thermal effluent of the I
Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) that were completed in April and June 1993. These investigations represent the most recent phase of long-term efforts to monitor effects of the thermal effluent on the benthic algal communities within and just offshore of the PNPS discharge canal. Field survey techniques were identical to those used in previous investigations.
1 The underwater profile of the jetties has changed somewhat over the years. Storms have moved some boulders away from the jetty to positions closer to the central transect line. For the sake of maintaining consistency in calculations of the area of the Gondrus denuded zone, the same base dimensions of the jetty that have been used in figures for this report for many years, are continued for l
the current surveys. However, as a reminder that the condition of the jetty is by no means static, a few of the erratic boulders to the northwest of the transect line at the 25-m and 35 m marks are included in the map of the June survey.
The qualitative transect studies performed to evaluate the Chondrus crispus community in the thermal plume area indicated that in April and June 1993 the condition of the denuded and total affected areas was typical of that seen in years prior to 1993 when the power plant was in full or nearly full operation. The denuded area (1239 m2), in April, was well within the size range seen in earlier spring j
surveys taken when the plant was in operation (765 m2 in April 1986 to 1321 m2 in March 1991). In l
June, the denuded zone had decreased 15% to 1055 m2, again an area well within the size range seen in previous summer surveys. The dense mat of newly settled mussels (Mytilus edulis) seen during the June j
survey covered a considerably smaller :rea than in the June 1990 and June 1992 surveys. Consequently, there was no difficulty in discerning L:e boundaries of the sparse and stunted Gondrus zones.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
i This report represents a continuation of long-term (20 yr) benthic studies at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) that are intended to monitor the effects of the thermal effluent. H e 1993 monitoring program is identical to that performed in 1992 and is limited to qualitative SCUBA surveys of algal cover in the thermal plume of the effluent within and beyond the discharge canal (Figure 1).
Surveys are conducted quarterly during April, June, September, and December. No assessment of the benthic fauna is being made. His Semi-Annual Report includes qualitative observations recorded in l
April and June 1993. Work was performed under Boston Edison Co. (BECo) Purchase Order 107009, in accordance with requirements of the PNPS NPDES Permit No. MA 0003557.
2.0 METIIODS The qualitative algal survey is performed by SCUBA divers in the same location and with the same techniques that have been used since the current monitoring program began, approximately 12 years ago. The effluent area is surveyed by two or three SCUBA-equipped biologists operating from a small l
boat. For the qualitative transect survey, SCUBA observations are made along the axis of the discharge l
l canal. A line is stretched across the mouth of the discharge canal (Figure 2). A weighted central transect l
line (CTL), marked at 10-m intervals, is then attached to the center of this line and deployed along the central axis of the canal to a distance of 100 m offshore. Using a compass, divers extend a 30-m measuring line, marked at 1-m intervals, perpendicular to the CTL at each 10-m mark. A diver swims along this third line, recording changes in algal cover from the CTL through the denuded and stunted Gondrus areas, until the algal cover looks normal.
The terminology established by Taxon (1982) and followed in subsequent years uses the growth morphology of Gondrus crispus to distinguish between " denuded" and " stunted" zones. De denuded zone is the area in which Gondrus occurs only as stunted plants restricted to the sides and crevices of rocks. In this area, Gondrus is found on the upper surfaces of rocks only where the microtopography of the rock surfaces creates small protected areas. In the stunted zone, Gondrus is found on the upper surfaces of the rocks but is noticeably inferior in height, density, and frond development compared to plants growing in unaffected areas. In 1991 the divers began to discriminate between a stunted zone and a " sparse" zone. The sparse zone is an area with normal-looking Gondrus plants, that are very thinly distributed. The normal zone begins at the point where Gondrus height and density are fully developed.
The dive team must keep in mind while taking measurements that the shallow depths northwest of the discharge canal hamper normal Gondrus growth. In addition to evaluating algal cover, the divers record 2
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Location of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station Discharge Canal.
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Figure 2.
Design of Qualitative Transect Surrey.
4
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any unusual occurrences or events in the area, such as unusually strong storms, and note the location of any distinctive algal or faunal associations.
3.0 RESULTS l
Qualitative transect surveys of acute nearfield impact zones began in January 1980 and have been conducted quanerly since 1982. Two surveys were performed (April 8 and June 28) during the current reporting period, bringing the total number of surveys conducted since 1980 to 50. Results of surveys conducted from January 1980 to June 1983 were reviewed in Semi-Annual Repon 22 to BECo (BECo, 1983). A summary of the surveys conducted between 1983 and 1992, including a review of the four surveys performed in 1992, was presented in Semi-Annual Report No. 41 (BECo,1993). Detai'ed results of the mapping surveys conducted in April and June 1993 are presented in the next two sections.
3.1 APRIL 1993 TRA.NSECT SURVEY The denuded and sparse Gondrus crispus areas mapped on April 8,1993, immediately offshore of the PNPS are shown in Figure 3. A large boulder that is nearly exposed at mean low water, and that is used as a landmark by both the SAIC and the Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries dive teams, is plotted in the figure. The denuded zone is essentially devoid of Gondrus, whereas the sparse zones have normal-looking Gondrus that is sparsely distributed.
In April 1993, rocks within the Gondrus denuded zone essentially were bare with only a very few algal plants attached. As has been often seen in past surveys, algal density and species diversity beyond the Gondrus denuded zone, were greater south of the central uansect line than north. However, this algal coverage was not as lush as it had been before the December 11-14,1992 northeast storm.
Some Fucus plants were seen along the northern denuded zone boundary; however, Fucus density was not as great as noted prior to the February 1993 survey. In addition, algal densities within the discharge canal were similar to the sparse coverage noted during the February 1993 dive; algal densities had not
)
yet recovered to the thick coverage seen prior to the December 1992 storm.
The area (approximately 1239 m2) of the Gondrus denuded zone was slightly smaller (5.7%)
than in the February 1993 survey. The denuded zone was asymmetrically distributed around the central transect line with 58% of its area north of the transect line and extending, at its furthest, to 12 m north of the line at the 45-m mark. 'Ibe denuded zone ext:nded 90 m along the transect line, just I m less than seen in the February 1993 survey. Compared to the April 1992 survey, the denuded zone extended 10 m further along the transect line and was 24% larger in area.
5 i
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6
The divers classified no area as a stunted zone but did define a sparse zone with an area of about 351 m2; this was more than twice the area of the sparse zone measured during the April 1992 survey and nearly twice that seen in the February 1993 survey. He sparse zone occurred as a narrow band along the southeast side of the denuded zone from the jetty to the 65 m mark on the transect line. However, to the northwest, the sparse area reached from the 45-m mark to the 85-m mark and extended as much i
as 6 meters beyond the denuded zone.
No Ianinaria, fish, or crabs were observed within the study area. However, adult snails (Nassarius), were observed throughout much of the denuded zone (from the 45-m mark to the 65-m mark along the transect line). Patches ofjuvenile mussels as well as larger mussels were nestled on the bottom between rocks near the 65-m mark. Starfish were also present between the 65-m and 75-m marks. A brown algal slime covered some rock surfaces within 5 meters north and south of the central transect line between the 45-m and 65-m mark. The water was flowing from Pilgrim Station at a moderate rate, but there was no discernable increase in water temperature compared to ambient sea temperature; it was cold.
3.2_ TUNE 1993 TRANSECT SURVEY Results of the divers' survey for June 28,1993 are mapped in Figure 4. The boundary between the Gondrus denuded zone and regions with normal healthy Gondrus was easily seen. Algal density and diversity in the area had finally recovered to conditions seen before the December 1992 storm.
The underwater profile of the jetties has changed somewhat over the years; storms have moved boulders away from the jetty to positions closer to the central transect line. For the sake of maintaining consistency in areal calculations of the Gondrus denuded zone, the same base dimensions of the jetty, that have been used for many years, are continued for the current surveys. However, a few of the erratic boulders to the northwest of the transect line at the 25-m and 35-m marks are indicated in Figure 4.
There was dense settlement ofjuvenile blue mussels (Mytilis edulis), as was seen in the 1990 and 1992 June surveys, although the area covered by mussel spat was more restricted in the current survey than in either 1990 or 1992. The area affected by the dense mussel settlement lay between the 55-m and 75-m marks on the central transect line and extended to 4 m from the line to the northwest and up to 11 m from the line to the southeast. Mussel density was so high that in some locations entire boulders and large areas of bottom substrata was covered. Gondrus found in this area of high mussel density was sparse and stunted due to competition for space.
The Gondrus denuded zone extended 85 m along the north side of the central transect line and to 88 m on the south side. The area (1055 m ) of the denuded zone was 15% smaller than in April 1993 r
7
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i Figure 4. Denuded, Sparse, and Stunted Chondrus Zones Observed in June 1993.
i 8
- =
l and 26% smaller than in June 1992. The asymmetrical distribution of the denuded zone around the transect line with more area denuded of Gondrus south of the line than north of the line deviated from the pattern seen during most surveys for the past three years. The denuded zone extended furthest from the transect line at the 45-m mark to the northwest, reaching 9.5 m from the line and at the 75-m mark to the southeast, reaching 7.5 m from the line. This pattern was similar to that seen in April 1993 but differed from those seen in the four 1992 surveys in which there was a distinct lateral bulge in the denuded zone to the northwest at the level of the boulder (65-m mark).
As in previous surveys, algal species diversity and density was greater south of the central transect line than north of the line. The southern boundary of the denuded zone was about 5 m south of and parallel to the transect line.
The area occupied by either stunted or sparsely distributed Gondrus plants (1003 m2) was nearly as large as the Gondrus denuded zone and was much larger, 2.86 times as large, than the sparse Gondrus area seen in April. To the northwen of the transect line, the sparse area consisted of a broad j
band, up to 18 m wide, that contained wi*hin it patches of stunted Gondrus about 8 m away from the
]
I transect line at the 55-m and 75-m ma:ks. The sparse area southeast of the transect line was a triangular area between the 65-m and 88-m marks, extending from the southeastern edges of the denuded and stunted zones to about 13 m away from the transect line. The total affected area (2058 m2) was 30%
larger in June than in April 1993 and nearly the same as in June 1992 (3% smaller).
A few stalks ofI,aminaria were seen. A few striped bass and two specimens of adult winter flounder were also seen. Starfish were present and were most abundant where the juvenile blue mussel populations were found. Other invertebrates seen in the dive area included rock crabs (Cancer) and lobster (Homerus americanus). A few dead rock crabs and lobsters were seen within the dive area but many more were seen alive. The thermal effluent was flowing from Pilgrim Station at full power and the temperature near the discharge canal was noticeably warm.
4.0 DISCUSSION The configuration of the Gondrus crispus denuded zone that may extend as far as 100 m beyond the discharge canal is readily apparent to SCUBA divers and is easily mapped for the qualitative transect survey. The stunted and sparse zones are somewhat less obvious but in April and June 1993 were easily delineated. In June 1993, a dense mussel mat, similar to that seen in June 1990 and 1992 although covering a smaller area, was seen. For April and June 1993, the areas of the denuded and total affected zones were well within those seen in past years when the power plant was in full or nearly full operation.
9
5.0 LITERATURE CITED Boston Edison Co.1983. Marine Ecology Studies related to the operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 22. Boston, MA.
Boston Edison Co.1993. Marine Ecology Studies related to the operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No. 41. Boston, MA.
Taxon.1982. Benthic studies in the vicinity of Pilgrim Station. In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No.19.
10
i I
i i
ICHTHYOPLANKTON ENTRAINMENT MONITORING AT PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION t
JANUARY - JUNE 1993 I
l
.i i
t r
i Submitted to I
Boston Edison Company Boston, Massachusetts I
by
.t Marine Research, Inc.
l Falmouth, Massachusetts 1
I September 15, 1993 1
l 1
l l
4 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE l
I
SUMMARY
1 II INTRODUCTION 3
III METHODS AND MATERIALS 4
IV RESULTS
-8 APPENDIX A* Densities of fish eggs and larvas per l
100 m8 of water recorded in the PNPS i
discharge canal by species, date, and i
replicate, January-June _1993.
{
APPENDIX B Mean monthly densities and range per 100 m8 of water for the dominant species l
l of fish eggs and larvae entrained at i
PNPS, January-June 1975-1993.
- Available upon request.
I LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE
]
1 Entrainment sampling station in PNPS discharge canal.
5 2
Location of entrainment contingency plan sampling stations.
7 LIST OF TABLES TABLE 1
Species of fish eggs (E) and. larvae (L) obtained in ichthyoplankton collections from'the Pilgrim Nuclear Power' Station discharge canal, January-June 1993.
9 i
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SECTION I
SUMMARY
Entrainment sampling at PNPS during the first half of 1993 was completed twice per month during January and February, weekly during March and June.
While scheduled weekly, sampling was possible only twice in April and three times in May due to a plant' outage.
Over the January through June period of 1993, 33 species of fish were represented in the entrainment samples at PNPS, 17 cpecies by eggs, 26 by larvae. Collections during the winter-early i
spring spawning period (January-April) contained small numbers of yellowtail flounder, winter flounder, Atlantic cod, and American 1
plaice eggs.
Larval collections were dominated by sculpin, sand i
lance, and rock gunnel. May and June collections were dominated by i
Atlantic mackerel, tautog/ cunner, and windowpane among the eggs; i
radiated shanny, sand lance, mackerel, and fourbeard rockling among the larvae.
Comparison of January-June 1993 egg and larval densities with
{
those recorded from 1975-1992 suggested that Atlantic cod remain l
i uncommon during the winter months.
Fourbeard rockling eggs were i
taken in low numbers during May.
Larval winter flounder were entrained in low numbers in April and May concurrent with low regional adult stocks.
Larval sand lance were relatively common during January and February but were taken in below average numbers during April and May.
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j No densities meeting the unusually high criterion established I
under the contingency sampling plan were noted from January-June l
a i
j 1993 and no larval lobsters were obtained.
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i SECTION II i
.i INTRODUCTION i
This progress report briefly summarizes results of ichthyo-f plankton entrainment sampling conducted at the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS) from January through Jane 1993 by Marine f
- Research, Inc.
(MRI) for Boston Edison' Ccapany (BEco) under l
Purchase Order No. 107011.
A more detailed annual report covering f
all 1993 data will be prepared following the July-December collection periods.
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)
3 l
i SECTION III METHODS AND MATERIALS Entrainment sampling at PNPS was completed twice per month during January and
- February, weekly during March and June.
Although scheduled weekly, sampling was possible only twice in April, three times in May due to a refueling outage. On those five occasions sampling occurred with one CWS pump out of service.
All samples were collected in :riplicate from rigging mounted approxi-mately 30 meters from the headwall of the discharge canal-(Figure
- 1) at low tide during daylight hours.
A 0.333-mm mesh, 60-cm diameter plankton net affixed to this rigging was streamed in the canal for 8 to 12 minutes depending on the abundance of plankton and detritus.
In each case, a minimum.of 100 38 of water was i
sampled.
Exact filtration volumes were calculated using a General Oceanics Model 2030R digital flowmeter mounted in the mouth of the net.
I All samples were preserved in 10% Formalin-seawater solutions and returned to the laboratory for microscopic examination.
A detailed description of the analytical procedures appears in MRI (1988) '.
When the Cape Cod Bay ichthyoplankton study was completed in 1976, a contingency sampling plan was added to the e'.crainment monitoring program.
'Ihis plan was designed to be implen nted if
' Marine Research, Inc.
1988.
Ichthyoplankton Entrainment Monitoring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, January-December 1987. III.C.1-6-10. IN: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-Annual Report No.
31.
Boston Edison Company.
4
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OlSCH ARGE CANAL
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UNIT 1 INTAKE
' M.
D.%_.
PNPS O ICHTHYOPLANKTON STATION UNIT 1 i
goo NETERS Ti ure 1.
Entrainment sampling station in PNPS discharge canal.
E S
eggs or larvae of any' dominant species proved to be " unusually i
abundant" in the PNPS discharge samples. The goal'of this sampling plan was to determine whether circumstances in the vicinity of i
Rocky Point, attributable to PNPS operation, were causing an-l abnormally large percentage of ichthyoplankton populations there to be entrained or, alternatively, whether high entrainment' levels simply were a reflection of unusually high population levels in Cape Cod Bay.
" Unusually abundant" was defined as any mean density, calculated over three replicates, which was found to be 50% greater than the highest.nean density observed during the same month from 1975 through 1992.
The contingency sampling plan consists of taking additional sets of triplicates from the PNPS discharge on subsequent dates _to monitor the temporal extent of the unusucl density.
An optional offshore sampling regime was also established to study the spatial distribution of the species in question." The-offshore contingency program consists of single, oblique' tows at each of 13 stations (Figure 2) on both rising and falling tides-for a total of 26 samples.
Any contingency sampling requires authorization from Boston Edison Company.
- The impact attributable to any large entraiment density would be' greater if ichthyoplankton densities were particularly high only close to. shore near PNPS.
6
4 o
" YiEj?^L*f??
g,, y
. s.,..
s.
w.}.~ :' '
4
- 8, O
O
%',y /... =a -
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C 11 C 12 y "JW *.. :
....s.,,,
a,'
.a:
[2
- g:-
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L O
O C io
>n os l
C4 A
9.Ce s....
...3 i
i
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7A X-O O
M' C4 C.7 a r oven
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anaeon
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.~
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- w,
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J
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y.
?g.,. -
m pr., *
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Figure 2.
Location of entrainment contingency plan sampling stations, C-1 through C-13.
7 i
t i
l
~
SECTION IV RESULTS I
i Population densities per 100 38 of water' for each species listed by date, station, and replicate are presented for' January-June 1993 in Appendix A (available upon request).
The occurrence i
of eggs and larvae of each species by month' appears in Table'1.
(
Ichthyoplankton entrained during January through April i
generally represent winter-early spring _ spawning fishes.
The i
t number of species represented in the. discharge collections was seven in January and February, twelve in March and April.
Fish j
eggs are typically uncommon during the winter-early spring period.
since species spawning in the PNPS area'during that time employ a i
reproductive strategy utilizing demersal.
adhesive ' eggs. not generally subject to entrainment.
Only three eggs were,.in fact,
(
found in the January and February collections, in each case eggs of the yellowtail flounder (Pleuronectes ferrugineus); monthly mean I
j densities amounted to 0.2 and 0.1 per 100 38 respectively.
In March three species were represented by eggs, winter flounder (E.
americanus), Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua,) and American plaice-l>
{
(Hippoglossoides platessoides).
Over the month as a whole,
(
respective mean densities were 4, 0.2, and 0.05 per 100 m3. Three species were also represented in April - American plaice _with a monthly mean of 7.2, Atlantic cod with a mean of 0.4, and fourbeard rockling (Enchelyopus cimbrius) with a mean of 0.2'per 100 38 t
8
~
Table 1.
Species of fish eggs (E) and larvae (L) obtained in ichthyoplankton collec-tions from the Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station discharge canal, January-June, 1993.
Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus E
e Atlantic herring Clunea harenquja L
L
.L L
L L
Bay anchovy Anchoa mitchilli E
[
Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax L
i Fourbeard rockling Enchelvooug cimbrius E
E/L E/L Atlantic cod Gadus morhua E/L E/L E
E/L Silver hake Merluccius bilinearis E
Atlantic toscod Microaadus toscod L
L Pollock Pollachius virens L
Hake Urophycis spp.
E Goosefish Loohius americanus E
I Silversides-Menidia spp.
L E/L 5
Northern pipefish Synanathus fuscus L
[
Grubby Myoxocanhalus aenaeus L
L L
L L
I Longhorn sculpin H. octodecensninosus L
L L
L l
Shorthorn sculpin H. scorolus L
L L
Sculpin Myoxoceobalus spp.
E Lumpfish cyclooterus lumpus L
3easnail Linaris atlanticus
'L L
L Gulf snailfish L. coheni L
L L
j.
Wrasses Labridae E
E i
Table 1 (continued).
l Species Jan Feb Mar Apr May June l
Tautog Tautoaa onitis L
Cunner Tautocolabrus adspersus L
Radiated shanny Ulvaria subbifurcata L
L Rock gunnel Pholis gunnellus L
L L
L L
Wrymouth Crvotacanthodes maculatus L
Sand lance Ammodytes sp.
L L
L L
L L
Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus E
E/L g
Smallmouth flounder Etroong microstomus E
Windowpane Scochthalmus aquosus E
E/L Mitch flounder Glyptocechalus cynoclossus E/L American plaice Hionoclossoides olatessoides E
E/L E/L E/L Winter flounder Pleuronectag americanus E
L E/L E/L Yellowtail flounder E. ferruaineus E
E E
E/L u
6 m
,m
. m
.v v
- . - -w-e.
,, - - - +
y-
~. - -
.n.
,,.....-w
.-___.._,___m_
~
e Since they are demersal and adhesive, winter flounder eggs are i
not typically entrained at PNPS.
Their numbers in PNPS samples are therefore not considered representative of numbers in the surround-ing area.
Those that were taken were probably dislodged from the bottom by currents or perhaps other fish.
Typical for the period, the number of larvae increased with time during the winter-early spring period.
Six species were recorded in January and February, ten in March, and eleven in l
April.
Sculpin (Myoxocephalus spp.), sand lance (Ammodytes sp.),
and rock gunnel (Pholis gunnellus) were the numerical dominants during the period.
Larval sculpin contributed 44% to the seasonal total with mean densities of 0.4 in January, 6 in February, 53 in March, and 12 per 100 m8 in April.
Sand lance were present on each 1
sampling occasion accounting for an additional 41% of the seasonal i
total.
Monthly mean densities were 5, 16, 16, and 29 during the four respective months. Lastly, rock gunnel accounted for 9% of the j
seasonal total with respective mean densities of 1, 4, 8, and 2 per 100 m8 Three species contributed to the larval sculpin catch. Grubby (Myoxocechalus aenaeus) were most numercus overall, representing 86% of all sculpin.
Shorthorn (H. sporolus) and longhorn (H.
octodecensninosus) followed in order contributing 13 and 1% of the total, respectively.
Shorthorn sculpin were absent in January; otherwise all three species were represented each month.
May and June collections (along with July) encompass the late spring-summer ichthyoplankton season.
Spawning activity increases along with the water temperature during this seasonal period, 19 11
species being represented in May, 22 in June.
Seasonal dominants included Atlantic mackerel (Ecomber scombrus),
tautog/ cunner (Tautoca onitis/Tautocolabrus adspersus), windowpane (Scochthalmus aquosus) among the eggs; radiated shanny (Ulvaria subbifurcata),
mackerel, and fourbeard rockling among the larvae. Mackerel eggs accounted for 84% of the May total, dropping to 5% of the June total with respective monthly mean densities of 4145 and 170 per i
100 m8 respectively. Tautog/ cunner, assuming they dominated within l
the labrid-Pleuronectes group, contributed 14% of all eggs in May, 92% in June; monthly mean densities were 666 and 2976 per 100 m8, respectively.
Windowpane, the numerical dominant within the l
Paralichthys-Sconhthalmus grouping, accounted for 2% of the eggs both months with respective mean densities of 91 and 58 per 100 m8 Among the May and June larval catch, radiated shanny contrib-uted 45% tc the May total and 8% to the June total, with respective monthly mean densities of 32 and 5 per 100 m8 Sand lance remained numerous later into spring thr.n they typically do, accounting for l
25% of the May catch with a mean density of 17 and 8% of the June l
catch with a mean of 4 per 100 m8 Larval mackerel were uncommon i
in May (monthly mean = 0.5 per 100 m8, 1% of total) but contributed I
24% of the June catch with a mean of 14 per 100 m8 Lastly among i
the dominants, rockling was similar to mackerel, contributing relatively little in May (0.3 per 100 m8, 0.4%) while increasing to a monthly mean of 11 per 100 2 in June which accounted for 20% of 8
8 the month's total.
Appendix B lists mean monthly densities for each of the numerical dominants collected over the January-June period dating 12 i
l I
l back to 1975.
A general review of the data through the first six I
l months of 1993 suggests that month by month egg and larval I
densities were within the range of monthly mean densities observed I
over the past 18 years.
The following exceptions and observations are noted:
1.
Atlantic cod eggs were typically collected in low numbers (<5 per 100 m8 of water) at PNPS during winter months from 1975-1987. From 1988 onward they have rarely been collected during January and February; none were found either month in 1993.
2.
Fourbeard rockling eggs (combined with the Enchelvoous-Urochvcis-Peorilus group which they dominate) were uncommon during May for the second year running. The May 1993 mean was 7 eggs per 100 m8, exceeding only 1982's value of 4 per 100 28, the lowest of the 1975-1993 time series.
I 3.
Atlantic mackerel eggs appear to have been abundant in May 1993 (mean = 4145 per 100 m8) exceeding every year' except 1989.
However the absence of samples in early May 1993 probably biased the monthly mean upward since mackerel eggs are generally rare early in the month.
{
Similar results may have been obtained for windowpane eggs.
4.
The May 1993 density for Paralichthvs-Scophthalmus eggs (91 per 100 38) exceeded all previous May values.
However, like mackerel windowpane egg densities are typically greatest toward the end of the month.
5.
Larval sand lance were relatively common throughout their period of occurrence in 1992.
In 1993 they were - common in January (5 per 100 m8) but not exceptionally so compared with 13
- l
l 4
other years.
In March and April their numbers were below average, 16 versus 28 for March, 29 versus 59 per 100 m8 for April.
6.
With winter flounder stocks at record low levels in New England, numbers of larval flounder entrained are of particu-l lar interest.
Densities were low in April 1993-(0.3 per 100 i
m8 ) ranking below every other April but 1992 (0.2 per 100 m8 ).
The mean value for May 1993 was below average (12 vs 17) l ranking thirteenth out of 17 years.
Densities meeting the unusually high definition of the contingency sampling program wire not encountered during the January-June period of 1993 and no larval lobsters were collected.
5 1
i l
h 4
I l
a i
l 14 i
~
1 1
l i
7 t
i i
i i
k f
l i
l l
5 i
I 1
APPENDIX A*,
Densities of fish eggs and larvae per 100 3 8
i of water recorded in the PNPS discharge canal by species, date, and replicate, January-June' l
1993.
i 6
1 i
\\
- Available upon request
{
t I
i l
l l
t i
1 l
8 i
r I
i i
-+-m,-
e
,,m,w-.
y-
-,--4r%
e,-
v-m m
...mn-w n gr v-w +
t v.
-g r,-
=.
i
{
1
(
l
[
Annendir B 1
Mean monthly densities and range per 100 2 8 of I
water for the dominant species of fish eggs and larvae entrained at PNPS, January-June 1975-1993.
l Some standardization of data sets was required to. adjust for'
\\
changes in the sampling program which have occurred over the years:
j 1
1.
Only 0.333-am mesh net data were used in those cases (1975)
{
when field sampling was carried out using.both 0.333 and 0.505 I
mesh nets.
i 2.
When, as in 1976 and 1977, 24-hour sampling series ~ were
{
i conducted, the samples taken nearest the time of daylight low
[
tide were selected for comparison since'this conforme to the i
j routine specification; for the time of entrainment sampling-l used in all subsequent years.
3.
For the same reason only daylight low tide data were used when, in 1975, samples were also taken at high' tide and/or_at night.
4.
cod and pollock egg densities were-summed to' make up. the category " gadidae" since ' these eggs were not distinguished prior to 1976.
In January and February when witch flounder do not spawn, all three egg stages are included in this category.
During the remaining months early-stage' eggs are included with the gadidae-Glyptocephalus group.
5.
Beginning. in April when the Enchalyopus-Urophycis-Peprilus grouping became necessary, the listing; for. Enchelyopus cimbrius includes only late-stage egga, the two early stages being included.with the grouped eggs.
1
i l
6.
Since the Brosne-Scomber grouping was not considered necessary after 1983, grouped eggs were added to S. scombrus eggs in the table for 1975-1983 (B. brosme eggs having always been rare).
7.
Sculpin larvae were identified to species beginning in 1979 1
following Khan (1971).** They are shown by species beginning with that year as well as added together (Myerocechalus spp. )
for comparison with prior years.
8.
Similar results are shown for seasnail larvae which were not speciated prior to 1981.
9.
Although samples were in fact taken once in April 1976 and once in March and August 1977, comparisons with other years when sampling was weekly are not valid and consequently do not appear in the table.
Data collected in 1974 was not included because samples were not collected at low tide in all cases.
10.
When extra sampling series were required under the contingency sampling regime, results were included in calculating monthly mean densities.
11.
Shaded columns for certain months in 1984 and 1987 delineate periods when sampling was conducted with only salt service water pumps in operation.
Densities recorded at those times were probably biased low due to low through-plant water flow
( MRI 19 9 3 ).***
l
- Khan, N.Y.
1971.
Comparative morphology and ecology of the pelagic larvae of nine cottidae (Pisces) on the northwest Atlantic and St. Lawrence drainage.
Ph.D. thesis, University of Ottowa.
j l
- * *MRI (Marine Research, Inc.)
1993.
Ichthyoplankton entrainment monitoring at Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station January-December 1992, Volume 2 (Impact Perspective). In: Marine Ecology Studies Related to Operation of Pilgrim Station. Semi-annual Report No. 41.
Boston Edison Company.
l 2
1
l I
l.*.1L2*.C1 EOOS 1975 1976 +
1977+
1978 1979 1980 1981 19R2 1983 1984 1985 Bftvedia tmnnus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
i M
)
Enchelverus-Urwhvcis-Enchelvoeus cimbrius" M
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
l 04.6 Umbycis app.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
[
G didae-Ghmtocechstus l
G:didae*
M Q
12)
QJ.)
(M) 0 (M) 0 0-1 00.7 05 0.34 1-9 0-1 0-2 0-2
)
Gedus mortua M
M M
M M
0 M
0 00.7 0-5 0.34 1-9 0-1 0-2 02 Potlechius virens 0
M 0
0 0
0 0
0 04.4 Priorvwus spp.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Labridae-Pleumnectes 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Labridae 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Scomber scombevs 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Perstichthys-Sconhthalmus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Hirporinissnides 0
0 0
0 M
0 0
0 0
eletessoides 04.4 Total M
M M
M M
M 0
M 0
0-1 0-0.7 05 0.34 1-9 0-1 0-2
)
l
- Represents Q. machus and E. yjtens eggs in all stages.
- Rzpresents all three egg stages January through April.
+ No nampling.
I l
3
(
l
llE!LQ FGGS 1986 1981 1988 1980 1900 1991 1992 1993 Bervoortis tyrannus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 I
Enchelvonus-Uropbveir 212Iiht!
Enche1voeus timbdus**
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
l Urochyria app.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
l l
Gadidae-G!vntoceohslue l
l Ged ac*
11)
&l) 0 0
(M) 0 0
0 O.6-2 0-1 0-2 Gi_us morhus 9,.Q U
0 0
M 0
0 0
d 0.6-2 0-1 02 Pollachius y.i:Ing 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 PHonotus app.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Labridae-Pleumnectes 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 tabridae 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Scomber scombrus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Pa afichthv>scochthalmus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 4
Hirnerioissoides 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 eletesmides
]
(
Total 9.1 9.2 M
0 M
0 0
M l
0.6-2 0-1 0-1 0-2 02
'Represerr.a Q. cadgg and E. yirgr2 eggs in s!! stages.
" Represents all three egg stages, January through April.
i 1
1
)
4 l
l
a Februery FOGS 1975 1976 +
1977+
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Brewma tmnnus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
EnchelvonueUrwhyvie Perritus En:helvorus timbrius" 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Urrebyrw app.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Cadidae4tyntxeobalus c uidae.
M (u) e u
u u
u u
e_g) 0-3 05 0-3 0.4-3 0-2 04.6 0-1 0-3 03 l
osaus msue u
u u
u M
M u
M 0-4 0-3 0.4-3 0-2 04.6 0-1 0-3 03 P?!!seNut yitts M
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0-5 Prionotus spp.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Labridae-Pleuronectes 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
labridae 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Scomber ocombu 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Parafich'Avesenehthalmus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Hincorioissoidej 0
M M
M 0
0 M
M 0
ristessoides 0-0.8 00.5 0-0.6 01 02 Taal 19 U
M M
M M
M 2.,9 LQ 0-3 0-5 0-3 0.83 0 13 0-0.6 0.5-2 0-4 03
'R1 presents Q. @ and E. virens eggs in all stages.
- Represents a!! three egg stages, January through April.
+ No sarnpling.
5
Februen i
EOGS 1986 1987 1988 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 Bivoorta tmtuwe 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 l
Errhelvmus-Urophytis-Perritus l
Enchelvmus cimbrius" 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 12mobytis spp.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
t Gadas-01votocephalus i
i Gadidac*
Q.4.)
O O
O O
0 Q
0 t
41 41 41
(
l l
ELLun madue M
M 0
0 0
0 M
0 l
41 41 41 Polischius h 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 l
l Pdonneus app.
0 0
0.
0 0
0 0
0 l
bbrids>Meumnectes 0
0 0
0 0
0 0-0 bbridae 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 i-Seomber scombnis 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 i
l ParafichthveSembth:1mus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 l
l l
Himorloissoide:
0 0
M 0
0 0
0 0
l ristessoides 41 Tal 9.f M
M M
o o
u M
41 41 41 41 41 41 i
' Represents Q. & and f h eggs in all stages.
- Represcras all three egg stages. January duough April.
f 4
1 I
6 i
i 1
l i
l l
i i
M EOCS 1975 1976 +
1977+ +
1978 1979 1980 1981 1982
-1983 1984 1985 j
B m e II! manip 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Eacheiropw-Urophtcw-l EEEDhit l
Enchelrew cimbnw**
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 l
i
[
Umnhnis app.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 GadMim-- -
U M
O M
0 0
M M-0 J
0-2 0-3 0-32 02 0-3 0-2 I
cedidae*
M Ei)
O O
(M)
E!)
(L2) af) e i
03 01 01 0-1 0-9 0-2 0.6-24 0 11 0-2 r
1 Gadst mMW M
M M.-
M M.
12 M
M
{
01 0-1 0-1 0-9 02 0.6-24 0-11 0-2 Pollschius y.iggas 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 l
Prionotus app.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Labridae-N.ims;.s 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
labridae 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
t I
Scomber scombms 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
j ParatichthvFScophthalmus 0
0 0
0 0
0-0 0
0
?
E A
Hipporloissoides M
M M
M M
0 M
M M
l ristessoides 01 04 07 01 0-14 0.5-17 0-22 01 I
1 Total M
M W
M Q
M M
-- M y
0.841 0-5 0.4-35 0-12 0.5-20 0-9 2-50 0.7-30 0-9
' Represents late-stage g. glo,,gts and f. yits.gg eggs.
- Represents all three egg stages January through April.
4 No sampling.
+ +One samplire period only.
7
t I
Mt.:Ih l
EOCS 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Brevenis tyronnus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 I
Enchelvorus-Urorbycie-l Perritus i
l l
Enche!vonus rimbrius**
0 0
M 0
0 0
0 0
l 0-1 l
Urorhyrie s;;.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
l l
Gadidae-G?vetxenbalus 0
M M
M 0
M 0
0-2 0-2 01 0-1 0-2 Gadidac*
U 0
0 0
42 42 41 41 41 l
l mec an u
u u
M 0
u 0
u l
0-2 0-2 0-1 01 01 0-2 l
Peflschive risas 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1
Prions spp.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
r l
LLbridae-Pleuronectes 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 II.bridae 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 l
Stomber scombrus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Perstichthys-Sconhthatmus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
l Hinnorloissnides 0
0 M
0 0
M M
M i
cistensoides 0-1 02 0-1 01 Total fs 18_f M
M 0
9,1 M
f,9 0-34 1-219 0-81 02 0-3 0-3 0 ~4 i
' Represents lawstage 9. mMua and E. h eggs.
i
- Reprtsents all three egg stages January through April.
1 r
I l
1
Actil EOCS 1975 1976 +
1977 1078 1979 1980 1981 10Jt2 1983 1984 1985 Bre-conia tyrsnnus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 40 3 0
- a. 4 Enchelvonus-Unrhycle-
!gf:;
Perri1us y;.qd
. o
. ; _ -;x, 9
Enche!vorus cimbriur" M
M M
M M
0 M
M
- M@
M 0-10 01 01 02 0-4 0-2 02
- 0-24 44
',9-4 E dn Unrhytis app.
O M
0 0
0 0
0 0
O!'d 0
Mfm.?
40.8 v~g Gadidae-Chrtncenhelus M
M M
M 2J 0
0 M
Mg 0
0-5 02 2-14 0.5-12 0-7 0-3 4,0-3
- q
., : !?;
G:did:c*
2,,4 Q2)
Q,4)
(LD (L1)
Q.,{)
Q.4)
(Q@2A (Lf)
G4 43 0.6 14 0-3 0-4 0-3 0-3 0-2
" 0-5 A 0-4
,idf i
Osdus rno6us M
M
]J M
M M
M
- 24 [
M 43 0.6-14 0-3 0-4 0-3 0-3 0-2 l 0-5.}
04 3
3,.
g,
s.
Po!!achius virens 0
0 931 0
0 0
0 O-s i 0 f:f M
{({Q.y 04.7 40.6
- .,* )di Prinnatus spp.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
P..s 7"*4
.c 0 0
f.
% 35
- M Labridae-Pleumnectes 4,1 M
IU M
0 0
0 0
. / Of +
0 0-18 0-7 0-26 0-28
- - [' R Labrid:e 0
g.2 M
M 0
0 0
0
?6N 0
0-0.9 G-3 0-1
+,, [
w-.
Scornber scombrus 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 r.-
[:0.
0
,:T %,;
f i--: f kOg;y Pe stichthve-Sconh+.stmus M
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
04.7
.. : g%
~,n Himorfoianaides 14J M
2]_l 11,.9 M
la M
2.Q M ]13 M
r.1stessaides 0-41 0-9 0.8-79 0-49 l-18 05 0-1 0-6 1.5-1 0-12
[4'id
[FM]
Total 2M 1Q,,2 11.1 M
21,,,1 W
f.,1 1.1 114 [ 1M s...
2 I-84 1-18 8 114 4-546 0-29 0-77 0-42 0.7-19 5-16 0-25 1
' Represents late-s:mge Q. morbus and f. virens eggs.
l "Represeras all three egg stages, January through April.
+One sampling period only.
l l
9 l
l t
i i
l a
f ACIil EGOS 1986 1987 +
1988 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 s
Bwvoorts e 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Enche!vonus Urwhyte-Pernlus l
Enchelvopus cin6nus**
O M
M M
M U
M 0 14 0-10 44 0-28 0 16 0-7 0-1 Umphvest app.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 i
Oedidae-01vniocephalus 0
M M
0 M
M
_0 41 41 41 42 j
GM U
G2 O
U
.O U
03 07 0-3 01 0-5 43 0-2 ER.ib!!ID2dulf 9.2 M
9.1 M
M M
M
?
43 47 43 41 45 43' 42 Pollubus yigeng 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
IYonmus app.
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 s
Labridae-Nhiae 0
o 9) 0 0
0 0
0-10 e
Labridae 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
l i
Stomber econtrup 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
i l
4 l
Peratichthve-Scochthalmus M
0 0
0 0
M 0
0-1 0-13 Hinnostoissoides M
M M
y M
y y
clatemenides 01 0 14 0-9 47 0 16 0-77 2-16 l'0883 7$
1!.1 M
M 19.1 2M
' 12 i
0 21 3-29 0 27 1-28 2-51 0-90 2-16
'Represenas late-stage g. mgdugg and f. ydre,gs eggs.
- Represents all three egg stages, January through April.
+ Pumps down. no sangling.
t 10 i
,,._m
I Mu f
EGGS 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Brevoonia tyrannus 0
0 0
0 0
-Q1 0
0 0
f:1i3.j 0
0 01 d3 Enchefvonus-Uwhvcis-M IM IU 2)
L1 M
11 M
M
.f h 10 Eccpju 0-30 0-72 5-22 2-125 0.6-34 4-14 I-19 l-8 3-18 041;'
0-98
{
7 Enchelvopus cimbdus 1!)
2M ILQ IM M
119 IM
- 9.1 ILS
~ M M.
6 70 0-91 0-32 0-37 0 15 10-73 4 55 02 0 59
.044 1-22 Umbnis app.
0 0
M 0
0 0
gj 0
M
[M[
0 Q2 0-3 0-1 00.5 0:
0-9 i
ta 1;9 wr Gzdid:4-Givotocechalus M
M M
M Li 2,1 M
M 19
%19(
LQ f
i 02 0-6 0 11 0-14 05 44 0-2 0-2 0-18 f- 04..
03 Gadidse*
M (Lf)
(0,1) lGD' k
0-3 0-4 03 0-61 05 0-4 03 04.8 0-3
" at[
f5 0-2 Ondus mnrhus M
M Li LI L2-9[
QJ 2.s h19.
M 0-4 0-3 0 61 05 0-4 0-3 04.8 0-3
- 05i 0-2 I;;ds, Po!!achips ric zg 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0
@p g,C 5
Prionems spp.
9.p}
O O
O O
O O
O O
f'70 ci gl 0-0.5 1
DL ;D 01 i
Mridae-Pleuronectes 141,)
12.,9 18.0_.l ljdL4 g
M 2M M
M
.MC E
2-1248 5-23 3-1240 3-!!809 6-9475 5-9331 2-94 4-248 0-209
{ 0 40] 04622 o
Wridae 92 0
M 2901 il 1119 11 M
9,2 296 2.1 A
0-2 0 55 0-169 0-19 0-431 0 23 0.5 15 0-1
.054 0-16
,. ' 71 Scomber ecombrus**
U 2.9 4f 9 1$,3 312' 2219 312 160 9 11Lj 9'<; IQ j 2411J 1
0-8 0-11 0 104 0-308 0.2-355 57-621 0-195 2-705 0-424 a ;;044 ;
5,2087:
l Perstichthys-Sconhthalmus 12,1 M
12J 22.,f 2LQ 24 9 2L2 1M Li (M3 2LQ Fi D 044 0-19 2 32 0-169 0-76 7-67 044 043 0 27 c.,0 23 ?
3-85 h :Q. -
Himerioissoides 2.,9 21 L9 IL2 M
10 M
Li L2
[o%jM 7, Li ristessoides 0-9 0-9 0-16 0-79 0-11 0 51 0 5-16 0-7 05-9 04 %
0-7 nmt 1
[h.g\\
Total 19M 2M 2,0f]
2p0113 1s2L2 24119 lj.L,g 21L2 1!19 : jfj{ jQilj 12-1366 35-126 31-1324 13-12428 45-9925 3-10314 29-368 4G425 10-524 1 19-123: 38-21505
' Represents late-stage 9. mnrhus and f. h eggs.
- Includ s B_rostng-Scomber,1975-1983, 1
i l
II l
l 1
4 4
1 hit!
EOOS 19%6 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 Fwvertis tyrartnue 0
i- 0 0
9,,1 0
9,f 0
0 1;
01 M
t Enchelvev>Umchvcis-4f,,9
[1M 2M 147,]
fM
},QJ M
M Perritus 3-189 1-66 0-131 2-894 4-271 1-186 05 2-14 Enchelvopus cirnbrius 22 ] (W 19 M
IL,6 U
M M
0-52 i 057 1-91 0-95 2-27 4-132 0-29 05 t
Umphy.cis spp.
M tM 0
M 0
0 0
0 0-1
["' 01, 0 12 E.
Gadidae-Olvetxenhalus 2.f
{~0-13QQ 93 QJ M
M 0
05 0-2 0-4 0-3 0-17 04 O
O3)
G.EQf)
Q.i)
O (Q) g g) 0-2 03 0-1 02 0-3 0-4 07 gi Gedus mo+ue gj
- -gj 0 004 94 DJ M
M M
0-2 j 0-3.
0-1 0-2 0-3 04 07 0-1 1.,
Potterbius virens 0
t- : ' d '
0 0
0 0
0 0
FX q
Prionneus spp.
0 0
0 0
0 0
Labridae-Pleuronectes 14,9 12j 19 9 E
}L2
- 0 141 10,,L,6 102]
ff9,,f 0
2-225 3-424 0 11376 1-426 1-1214 0-423 2-2311 Labridae 2j I[M M
M ll M
ff M
0 13 05-0-23 0-19 0-16 0-88 0 21 0-17 Scomber-rmbrus W
- [L1 1,71M 5584 1 14771 E9 tj 4 4144 6 30-236 ~ 0125 0-11981 0 22910 1-11023 1-1781 0 231 38-9358 r
Pe stichthvs-Sennheelmus y
'M g
g g
g 242 0 28 0-392 0 132 0-92 3-35 0-58 1248 HinmeInjunidee gj d ;;-
g y
g Platenoides 0-2 04 0-1 0 14 04 04 0-25 0-8 Ql
\\
l
,-s.
Total 171)
! 1]M 1989 1 7492 0 111f,j 967.5 W
g i
75-513 : 21-407 17-12625 32-35350 22-11593 30-3108 20-513 56-11861
' Represents law-stage 9. mo+us and f. virens eggs.
- Includes Bmsme-Scomber, 1975-1983.
i 12 1
1 I
j roos 1975 1976 1977 t078 1970 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 l 1985 i
Bn onnie tyrannus 9,1 9,2 M
L2 M
19,,J L9 M
M M
LD 02 0-1 03 0-9 02 0-83 0 10 0-11 M
0-51 f 0-8 Fnchetvonus-Umhycis-II,}
IL2 24,4 21,,)
2LD 14 1 ELI M
22,1
- 1M 19,,J Perritus 16-55 2-25 0-96 0-308 17-98 2-26 4434 0 19 6-160 1-44L 3-50 Enchervonus cimbrius 20,9 211 iL5 lil 2M 19 I IU f.2 143
'M[
u l-76 9-90 5-114 0 33 245 2-51 7-38 0 23 0-39 0 12 '
0-19 Uronhvvis app.
M 9,2 M
M 19.2 2J L2 L.1 22 LDN 23 04 0-2 0 15 0-14 0-27 4-5 0 56 04 04
- 04 /
0P Gadidae-Cfvetocechafus L1 2,2 21 M
L}
M 2J 9,,1 9.f 1s M
0-4 04 0-11 07 0-5 0-16 0-9 03 0-2 0 14 -
0-3 c.did
- M (L2)
E2) 19) 11)
O Ql) 12) 18.)
EI);,
12) 0-3 0-4 0 27 07 0-2 0-25 0-22 01 0-5
,. 0-3 ; -
0-1 1
k*
cadus ennehus Li 1.2 2,9 9,!
2J L2 9,2 9.1
- ~', M 9.2
\\
0-4 0-27 0-7 02 0-25 0-22 0-1 0-5 J 0-3 2l 0-1 Polischlus vinns 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 kl 0
,,d
?
Prionntus spp.
0 0
g p.,2 9,,}
[9 L2 0J M
'91-1,,4 03 0-2 0-2 0-4 0-7 0-2 0-5
- 0 4 W[
0-15 labridae-Pleuronectes 24320 609 0 1719J 1212,2 iljQI
{2L9 3497.7 1697J 6978 7 14L9 9 8 639.9
..j 809-5501 147-2258 289-19708 24-3876 1080-10505 248-1266 184-12537 276-4588 57-17918 47-5983 I 52-1126 L4brite 122.1 21.4 185 4 22.6 211.2 19Li 199.9 L12 a
189J 2 I '! 24,2 9
0-294 7-249 26-1181 0-262 50-774 13-191 82-1492 75-238 I4450 04M 12-241 Scomber scombus" 12M j,,9 f)J 11LI II,9 4,,0.1L2 131,2 144 ]
- ,~:
, _ 2M y) 109 8 4-746 0,8 19 6-199 0-360 4-41 0-100 3-1083 0463 5-202 1-889 3-349 L' _ fj Perifichthvs-Sembthalmus IM 112 28 1 4L) fM 27J 14,J 2M fL2 MT. 43 9 2-78 0-73 3-129 0-132 20-141 14-26 0-501 5-83 2-76 ; l 0-31 s 2-95 Hirportoissoides 9,2 9.1 2.1 9,,9 9,2 19,3 L,1 0 9,,) , : 9JM@ 0 i di c1atenoides 0-1 05 0-14 0-4 0-1 0 42 0-5 0-3 F* 01W 3 n [- y M(?, i Total 21L9,,) lig,,2 6301.5 1934 7 ig29J 929J 4138 4 1974.2 1614 9 lilM. 221.2 E, a 819-5718 342-2393 609-19425 228-59171401-11522 414-1652 407-22226 42M912 309-18628 93-6074 79-1798
- Represents late-suge 9. rnorhus and f. vinns eggs.
- Includes Brosme-Seember, 1975-1983.
13
~. I hat Egos 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1001 1992 1903 9 EII.22 nit tyrannus 2,,1 Es + ILQ 2LQ M LQ Q2 M 09 0 0-56 9-36 0-3 0-4 M 0-18 Enchelvonus-Umphycis-41.Q 2QJ - 212 2M 212 LQ U 2Q.2 Perritus 0-204 MO ! 2 137 15 52 2-114 1 15 0-25 0-111 Enche!vonus timbrius 2M 2M }. LLQ liq 19.2 M 2.d IL2 1-123 3-52 4-196 11-93 046 0-8 0-41 0 75 L Ur"PhYCls app. i,$ [ M, M M M Q,3 M M 0-19 _ 0-24 t 0-10 12 51 0 32 0-2 03 01 1i G:didae-Glvotocenhalue LQ Q,dL ;k M QJ L2 Q,d M Qj 0-4 04 0-5 02 03 01 43 0-4 .rr Gadidae * (Ql) QJ) ~ Ql) 0 QJ) 0 Q.2) QJ) 01 05 ; 02 0-2 0-2 0-4 Qsl33 rnnchue QJ Q,1 ~ Q1 0 Qj O Q1 Q1 0-1 0-5 '1 02 0-2 0-2 0-4 .{ Pollschius y.igran 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t i.- Prionmus upp. Il M, j L2 2] Q.,2 2J Q,,2 0 3-9 0 225 q 0 20 0-9 0-2 0-8 0-2 bbridac-Pleumnectes 18260 ' ilM ! 11Q0,) 21QL2 9,QQ 31gj 779.0 21}},J 332-6515 177-14223 238-3907 968-9011 205-1973 357-570 115-2470 14-17042 1.abridae 12.,) .- 11QJ.' $. jf).J 778 9 fM 112J I!LI 12),J 0-119 E 2 359 67-338 239-1516 0287 2-361 0-1105 3-1039 Senmher scombrus" 22M 122j i2220} 1Q12 9 2232 ] 473 4 494.0 12QJ 0-993 .12-411 j 27-6243 11-4440 1-8742 1 1078 0 2241 M 91 Perstichthys4_conhthalmus 2},J IM. 49 9 1212 22.2 22J 2QJ IM 7-42 9 119 3-97 29-151 2-75 4-57 4-115 22-178
- ,..x e Minnortoissnides 0
$ L1 f QJ 0 L4, 0 0 M ristesonides Q 013 ^ 0-2 0-8 0-5 f*a i Total 2326 7 c 1189 j 3654.5 1162J 2229 9 112!,.6 1412.,3 224M 499-6712 313-14710 474-7879 1330-10308 333-10774 364-2113 202-4572 510-17220 ' Represents late-stage 9. mo+ue tnd f. virens eggs.
- laciudes Itensme-Scomher, 1975-1983.
14 l l l l 1
I I January l LARVAE 1975 1976* 1977* 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 ELucas hmnrus P.2 0 0 0 gl M M 0 0 i 0-0.6 H.5 04.6 0-3 Enchelvopus tindirius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I Mvorocephalus app. M gj QJ,) 0 O (M) ' 04 01 01 00.6 0-1 0.5 12 00.8. N M.aenneup gj M 0 gl 0 0-gl-41 00.6 04.6 0-1 j l M. octodecemsninosus O gl 0 gj M gj M { 00.5 04.6 0.5-12 0-0.8 04-M. scorrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i i Licts.! spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 QJ) f 04.5 04.5 l i L. ettantieus 0 0 0 0 0 0 'l L. sstini 0 0 0 92 0 gj 04.5 04.5 Tsutore 9,niljs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tsutocolabrus sJeersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -- tltveris subbifuresta 0 0 0 0 0' 0 0 0 0 Pholis runnellus gl L1 1,,9 M gj gj 2j M M 0-3 2-9 0-5 0-1 04.4 0-0.6 0-5.5 01 04.6-ill Ammnovies sp. M M M 13 M gj g,J 0 4,4 j i 0-18 04 0 11 0-38 0-5 0-1 0-1 0-111 Senmber scombrve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I Pleumnectes ameriesnus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Total M M L1 11g M M M gg g 0 25 3-13 0-12 0-39 05 0-2 4-14 0-3 0-113
- No manpling.
I i 15
..m__ i ) I
- 1. A.R V AE 1986 1987 _. 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 r
_CLu2g harenrue M M 0 0 M M M M { ? 40.6 0-3 01 02 01 0-1 EnchelvoousEEDbEPJ 0 0 0 0-0 0 0 0 l Mvonocenhalus app. Qi) Q4) 0 0 Qi) 42 41 41 41 41 42 M. armous 0 M M 0 0 0 0 M j 01 01 0-1 l M. e k4e... le-. M M M 0 0 M M M i 42 0-1 0-1 0-1 01 0-1 i i M.,eerrius 0 0 0 0 0 M 0 0 0-1 I', Lirarie app. 0 0 0 0 0 0 f 1 0-1 02 I 't L. visntiew 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. M 42 L.12h.es 0 M 0 0 0 0 M 0 0-1 01 Teutons 2Dilig 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 Tsutorolabras adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulyaris subbifurests 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t 's % runnettus M M M M M M M M. I i 43 41 41 41 41 45 41 43 i Ammodytes sp. M 0 0 0 M M 0 M i 0-3 0-1 0-1 0-11 { }se20tu nombrw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pleumnecte_s emedesnus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i l [ Total M M M M M M M M 0-11 0-5 0-2 0-1 01 17 0-2 0-15 16 1 i i
i 9 i t l Febmarv LARVAE 1975 1976* 1977* 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 i Qutg hartnrus 9,1 9,1 0 0 0 0' 9.2 9,1 M M5 0-2 0-2 01 04.9 Enchelvopue rimbnue 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Myosocephalus spp. 2J M (M) (M) O Q1) (L9,) (L1) (13 I 4'/ 0-1 0 26 05' 0-4 00.6 0.53 ' 0-3 0-44 i M.nsansy.! M M 9.2 M L2 M M i 0 26 0-5 04.5 04.6 0-3 02 0-24 i
- g. octodecemsninosu.
i 0 9.) M o 9.2 M 19 04.6 04 40.6 0-1 0-3 i g.se W u, 0 0 0 0 0 0 g.J - 0 i Lica,nt opp. 0 0 0 0 - E1) 0 Q1) 0 { d 04.5 04.9 01 i L. attentieve 0 0 0 0-i L. tegni 0 M 0 9.1 i 00.9 0-1 Tsutore s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. 'O 0 i l t i Teutocolabrus adspersus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0- ,Evarig subbifuresta 0 0 0 0 9J 0 0 0 O 04.4 Pholis runneflus 12 M lj 9J M 9J' 19 19,2 2M l 0 14 0-3 0 10 0-2 0-5 03 0.6-2 4 21 0-51 Ammodytes sp. 2J M IL1 M 19.) 21 M L9 ]M 0-8 0.6-24 4-21 0.4-8 3-16 0-9 0.5-1.4 0-3 0-132 l 1 l f Seember scombme 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ~ l 0 0 muronectes emedesnus 0 0_ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TM IM 11,9 2M M lij M 11 11.1 22 3 0-17 0.8-29 45s 0.7-10 3-24 0-12 2-11 0-26 0-223
- No aampling.
17 . ~.
i February L ARVAE 1986 1987 19f8 top 9 1900 1901 1902 1903 Qucts hmnrus M M 0 0 0 M M M i 0-3 41 41 03 04 Enchelvonus eimbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 i M~ctocenhelus yp. G (fl.O O QO2 O 0-2 9-16 1-93 0-5 0-1 10 53 45 4 14 M D8ev' M M ll M M M M M 02 5-10 0 17 02 0-1 6-15 01 0-10 M. cetodecemininorus M M M 0 0 M M M 0-2 0-1 01 01 0-1 0-1 l l M. miu, 0 M 2M U 0 2M U M i 0-7 1-75 03 2-44 0-5 04 l LicaIin ep. 0 0 O O O O e 0 l 41 43 41 41 L. silenticus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 l L schtni 0 0 M U 0 M M 0 41 43 41 41 Taumro e 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tautoretsbrus edspervus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .Vhyris subbifuresta 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Phafia runnellus M M M y M y M M 3-14 4-6 0 16 4 37 05 39-59 04 0-9 Ammndvies sp. M 0 M 0 M M M M 0-0.6 0-2 05 0-1 0-25 0-38 Scomber scombrve 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pleuronectes emeriesnus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 INI O II $ b d M D M 2fI l 5-16 17-21 3-109 5-45 0 11 51-104 1 38 046 j j lt I I
1 I f March i LARVAE 1975 10M* 1977** 1078 1979 1980 198f 1982 1983 1984 1985 i f.1l2ttahennrvs M 0 M 9.1 1.f M -U 9J M k 02 01 0-2 0-8 0-2 1-10 05 04 Enchefvopun timbnus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4^ Mycrocephalus epp, ild 2L3 QU) ($,M) QJ.J Q,7S (f3 QlS Q,L]) 17 137 1145 1-35 0-182 5 0 67 0-17 0-228 041 l M. atansa 12J AL9 2Li 2M 11 2M IL2 1-35 0-177 446 444 0-17 0-156 0-58 M. oeinaceemsninnsus 0 19 -U u M 0 92 03 0-5 01 0-1 0-2 M. acorrius 0 L2 gl L2 0 HJ-M 0-5 0-1 M 0.7-72 0-3 Lipsris spp. 9J. 0 9,,,! 2.2 Q,1) (9,,1) (L9) GQ$) Q1) 41 44 4 18 02 01 04 04.8 2 i L. atlandeus I 92 .O Li 0 936 40.5 04 00.7 j L.s.shtnl ) M M 9.6 9 96 M 0-2 01 0-2 408 0-2 Toutnre.o. dig 0 0 0 0. 0 0 0 0 0 Tsutocolabms edene sus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -0 0 h subbi'uresta 0 0 0 0 9,,1 0 .O M2 0 ? 4 i 04.5 - 00.6 1 Phalis runnellus 2{.,9 IL2 M 21J 212 112 f.i 108.9 jU { 1 26-47 0.7-28 1 34 041 142 18-34 3-25 0-482 0-96 AmmMytes sp. loj }],J }g flg JLj [9,gj L3 Lg-jp 4_ 1140 0.7-22 9-228 1-157 10 78 0413 0-29 -03 0 47 l Scomber ecombrys 0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 Pleumnectes americanus 0 0 9,_0} gj 9,1 Li L1 Q,1 22 40.5 00.7 05. 0-12 07 40.9 0-3 Total 122j 21,2 2ij 129,2 2Li 140.,i Ill 1d[] 32j 66-236 - 26-96 11-293 3 385 43-169 31-174 1-83 0-172 2-179
- No sampling.
a
- One asnpling period only.
I i I 19 1 1 j -r e+ m u-e we-. wm --y--m.--w-to-e m y g-1e<v g
l Mash LARVAE 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1 casa herenrue u 0 L2 U 0 M M M 0-1 0-18 0-1 0-3 04 04 Enche1voous eteknus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .i { Myoxocephalus epp. (fj.S (U) QlM) (fD) (]11) (iLO E92). QL2) I 5-118 0 10 32-356 0 183 2-22 14-87 1-91 0-259 y M. unan @_9 U 122.3 212 2J 2La 12 112 1 5-213 0-10 12-347 445 2-8 13-85 0 22 0-222 M.octauemselnosus 1.9 u u U 0 0 L1 u i 03 0-1 02 06 04 0-2 [ M. ecorrius M g2 IL2 2il f_A 11 12 3 U 0-12 01 0-26 0 119 0-20 0-4 048 0-39 LIPtd.t 8PP. O O (0.1) 0 (LQ) 45 41 41 44 41 41 45 L. stlentirw M 0 M gj 0 M 0 3 [ 04 0-1 01-0 b s.chsni u u u u M u O Lg i t 42 41 42 04 41 41 45 r Teutona smhit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t Tautonotebrus adentsus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I i Utvaria sobbifurreta M 0 0 0 0 gj 0 0 f 0-2 0-1 l'htli! runnelius LL.! 2.! 111.1 11Q LI 12.2 111 11 2-159 0-11 4-375 0 126 0-8 248 0-91 0-38 't, Ammodytes sp. M QJ 1,j 2,) 12 U f]J g 0-30 0-1 0-9 0 11 04 1 19 l-111 0-74 Scomber scombrw 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I i l Pleumnectes emericanue 11 0 0 0 0 QJ 0 0 } 0-7 0-1 l t TM 121 ] U }}Ll 12),3 L1.) 312 313 JLi i 14-346 1 19 19-736 2-286 4-30 21-127 5-277 4393 r l 20 1 i e i f
- ' ' " ~ ' ' * * ~ ' ' ' ' ^ ~ ' ' " ' ~ " ~ ' ~ ~ ~~
~ I l I M.:il l_ARVAE 1975 1076* 1977 1975 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984' 1985 t Qq. ass harenrue L} U M Lt DJ 0 19 M ,..g. w M (0 l 0 12 01 0-2 0-3 01 0.4-5 0-9 [5MY j 00.9 I Encheivoous timbrius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 93 q 0 f7 0-l 045' g, y Myerocechalus app. IJ LO,,2 2j} Qtj) QU) Q9.J) (183
- @ : Q2,L1) f 3-12 14-57 0-57 I-32 ~
0-59 2-53 0-347 G24 - 0 III.' 18442 r M.sereus p { IfJ JU lli jM 19 {bM( 12.L9 1-32 0-59 2-53 0344 0-24
- 0 11 '
18-442 ..w + M. 2Elodecemsninosus 0 0 9J U 0 'r.1 0% 0 M~$ p 02 0-1
- , i..;p;
.y -s a,.. M. ecorpius 0 0 M' 9J 0 ,,j Og M ! *C 0-1 03 g f,,,gg 04.8- . y; p. kic!d app. 2J IM L! 2.1 fl O UL.D s0h (f.J) l 0-11 0-72 0-7 04 0-29 0-3 0-4 1 69 L. 1-26 I M. *? = L, setenticus m M 0 IL} e ; 0.$ fj ~ 0-3 1-69 mtjM 0-26 pig;y L. sht.nl j 0 9J 0 l 0) 9J 04 f'b: .; /M 0-2 I i Touters pns 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 'i n - [c.r. 0 l-[ f 0 e r Ikec;$ Tautorolabms adenersus 0 0 0 0 0 0' 0 0 (f 0W 0 "f ?f F[eji ,x [Isk.4h f)}veria pubbifunsta O M M 9J 2J 9J 9J M
- j. 0,y M
I 4 0-19 0-19 02 0-1 04 0-2 0-2 0 11 p3"~;"f.;.,pte-0 21 i ' q' n on o nnenu, u 19 u u u u 2n u cut zu l>.Y 08 0-19 05 0 13 0-1 0-14 0-75 0-21 m 0-12 ' 0-77 I U- .S JN y; Ammodytes sp. fe 2M 2.!! I 22 ] 29J 21 9 IJ 112 i:ON r-)w,N 223 0.8-18 645 6-1252 26-196 0 171 7-66 2-261 0-58 3-89 Scomber ocombrys 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C. O l dh.Q Y&( Picumnectes emerieenus 2.,1 M 219 U M' 2J fi L.( [0$ U 0.8-10 0 21 0-127 04 2-24 0-3 0-36 0-13 G c.%' + 0-11 ., A WM;p] M r:1 Total 20.,J joll 158,2 12M If_9 Alj 11}J 2J,1 k ;; 1lM W 14-43 55-154 21-1324 57-238 8-266 29-142 4-732 3-135 } 54-524 0-17;1 j
- One earnpling period only.
I 21
2f.dl LARVAF 1086 1087* 1988 fogo 1900 foot 1992 1003 Cluees bevrue M M M M M M M 42 43 42 42 41 45 41 Enche!vorus eimbrius O M 0 M 0 0 0 0-1 0-1 Myernecchilus spp. GM) WJ Qi) Q2.D (IM) (112) (IM) 1-295 3-111 6-73 2-72 4-23 4-37 0-27 H. 8t:au.1 2D 212 2U 2.L1 IU IL2 IL: 1-292 3-111 6-71 2 71 4-23 4-32 0 27
- y. rtoseceme;mus M
0 0 M M M 0 0-4 0-1 0-1 0-2 M Forrius M QJ M M M L2 0 42 42 42 43 42 49 Lics:is spp. (L2) (IM) Qj) 0 0-27 0-99 0 33 1-8 0-14 0-2 L. easn'icus L9 1D U U 22 M 0 0-27 0-99 0-33 1-8 0-14 0-2 L. r,de,ni 9J M 0 DJ 0 0 0 41 41 41 Teutore p, nitig 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tsuterntabrus edmeevue 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ulveris rubbifverets M Q8 QJ 9.} M M D 0-8 03 02 0-3 0 26 0-10 Phnfis runnelius 1J M IM 12.1 L2 2L1 M 0 27 0-8 044 0-41 0 20 0130 0-8 Ammadytes sp. 2L2 ILD 2J 1.02 2L9 f]1 22J a 0-156 0-64 0-14 4-344 1 71 12-163 145 $ comber unmhrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pleumnectes emeciesnus 10,,J 2,,9 2J M Lg g.2 M 0 33 2-17 0 20 04 0-10 0-2 0-1 Total 139 4 iM M j,4f.,s iL2 1,00,J G 12-358 9 307 6-120 30 366 8-115 54 180 2-102
- Punts down - no sampling.
22
~ M.tx LARVAE 1Q75 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 Clunes herenrus M 0 0 Q M 0 0 Q M gd 0 0 24 0-1 0-0.5 0-1 04.5 0-1 Enche1vonus cimb*ius Li 29 M M M M LQ M 9.,2 .O 13 0 10 0-13 0-1 0 19 0-19 5-11 0-3 0-0.6 0-1 04 Mvouncenhalus spp. M Q,} M M (1.9) O O O O (L9) O 0 11 0-2 0-9 0-37 0-17 03 0-1 0-10 0-25 0-10 0-11 M..enoeus M M M d M M; M 0 17 0-3 0-1 0-10 0-25 0-10 ' all
- g. ocinoecem.ninn,us 0
0 0 0 0 OS 0
- g. sen* pius 0
0 0 0 0 0) 0 t Lirecis spp. J9 1LQ 2JU 21Q 20,2 2LB QM) (L8_) (j,M) ' O QM) 0-30 6-31 0-112 1-92 6-40 16-45 249 0-12 0.5-37 0 11 0 30 L. etinnticus If_1 2.J IM 'M, IM t-1 2-69 0-12 0.5-37 0 11 0-30 L. sobe,gj 0 QJ 0 i3 0, 0 02 i [.g J Dutn.gs p_g.itja 0 0 0 0 QJ 19 0 0 0 ~.:0 0-1 0 39 ~ M 0-1 Teutocolahrus aderenus 0 0 0 0 E2 M M 0 0 'O O z 02 0-8 0-0.2 UNorie subbiGeceta fij 12 M 4M L2 12,2 IQJ M JM .M3 1M 10-235 1-24 0 20 11-141 0 23 5-21 4-27 0-16 2-73 " 0-4 :. 0-75 Phnlis gunne!Ius QJ 0 0 Ej 9,0l 0 0 9,2 g.2 [Mt-gl 'A 0-0.5 04 01 02 M.6 ! 0-4 ~ 04.6 A~modvies sp. i,9 2] 2,.2 29 9 20 ] L$ Li 2L2 M -Ifj i E,i 0-22 08 07 0-265 0 88 2-9 04 0 29 0.5-17 0 57' 03 scombu ecom%: 91 0 0 2.f M M M M 0 F0'.. 9J + 0-0.4 OL27 0-29 0 12 0.5-5 01 04 '^ Pleumnectes smeHesnus JL9 M J,Q 2LQ IM 29,,,1 IL1 2,9,J ILI fj ' 2-36 2-18 4-29 0-129 13-40 11-75 0-98 1-49 0.5-7 4 0-27 0 27 lil Tm! 29 f 212 11,2 222.,2 1Di,1 104 4 f,2,2 fB (2.J
- 212, lij 28 283 15-76 24-185 33460 66-210 59-167 12 234 8-182 9-192 044' 8 79 23
U 1987l LARVAF 1986 1988 IC80 1990 1991 1992 1993 gaces Isennru. M 0 MI M M M 21 0 0-1 0-1 0-2 0 10 0-2 0-8 resetronus timuiu.a y u u u 0 1.s 0 M 0-27 0-3 0 31 0-17 04 0-2 Myoxnecohalus spp. Q1) &2) Q1) (M) 19) 0-2 0-1 410 0-11 0-20 0-6 0 11 0-2 M.Smaeus M M 2.9 2J M M M M 42 01 0-10 0-11 0-20 0-6 0-11 02 M. netndecerneinosus 0 0 0 0 0 0 M 0 0-2 M. Scorr.ius 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lE!.df8Pp-G (ifA) G.I.1) (12 I) U.2) O (fd) 0'6 0-101 1 146 0-59 l-17 1-8 0 15 1-24 L. e0 amicus 2,2 lij 21,J IU IJ 1,2 U Q 04 0-101 1-146 0-59 l 17 1-8 0 15 0-24 L.gstej 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9.2 02 Teutore smidt 0 0 0 0 0 QJ 0 0 0-1 Teutoro!nbnis edeersus M 0 0 QJ 0 gj 0 0 0-1 0-1 0-4 v1ven suswsnets u 2a. u 202 zu lu gy tu l 16 05 0-15 1-88 043 1-58 051 0 124 mns runnenue 9.1 .O D3 0.2 91 21 M DJ 0-1 0-3 0-5 03 0-1 0-4 01 Ammndvies sp. 1,,2 M lj M 2D U M j2j 0-5 01 0-14 0-17 2-47 0-4 0-386 2-71 seomber.eombru. U .El 0 M El M 0 0.1 0-1 '. 0 0-4 0-1 043 0-2 Pleumnectes eme6canus 2.4 19J 23,9 2J 12.2 1! f ID lij 2-13 0 52 0-105 0 30 0-47 0-46 043 4-30 Total 2M 224 (2,1 J,0 IU jf,J 142j 29,,2 15-41 0-158 - 10-291 20-108 26 125 23-105 11-446 17-158 24
_ - - ~ - _ _ -. i ] l ( I l-I I hat l LARVAE 107$ 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984) i 1985 1 Das ta'.s.n89.s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Of MI h 01 l r. Enche!vocus timbriu. 121 zu 12s.g 30 2 M 2.11 M 99 ILt M "J Zu ..<-..g 0-137 0-46 84-248 4 145 1-15 4-102 0-149 05 0-47 ..0 l' 3 3-73 i 3 - 9;, Myoxe uohalus epp. 0 0 0 0 0 Q,,Q) 0 0 0 .{0[y j i 0 0-7 g t vu M.eenerus r 0 9.) 0 0 0 (OyQ 0 i 0-7 g* yd j j(' Old, M. ocindecemsninneu ,. p 0 0 0 0 0 0 ac. i plMM fi:l { M. setwrius 0 0 0 0 0 f 1017.,., 0 j i Ur,* ser. 21 M f.2 J.1.9 L2 O (1.1) (M) (LQ) (L6) 0-7 0 50 0-28 2-65 0-4 0-21 0-13 0-4 08 i 0-13 1 03-L. a0 anticus
- kB L)
M L9
- M dj Li 0-13 0-4 0-8 013 e 0-3 i
hlh h Efr.Dj g_,%0/ 0 0 0 0 -,yy l Tsuiers pnhi 92 9.3 il 1.2 M 7Q 12.J 29 9) Og L2 01 0-5 0-27 0-37 0 11 0 20 0 162 0-27 0-2 "ff. 041 i N!: Teutnentshms sdsrersus IM 2,1 IM j.M 2L3 2L4 2222 M 1L1 N 0s E 0-39 0-13 0-750 0-107 4 78 0-83 0 1639 0 0.5-46 ' g ( %, 0-208 { m i ULv. sng subNfurcata 9.1 M 0 il M 2.9 9( Li M UL96 2.,i l e 02 0 28 0 12 03 0-12 0-3 05 0-5 ? 04 y 1-5 i !'W$N N1is runnetius 0 0 0 9.,2 0 0 0 0 0 gMg O' i 02 f0-p ' @9fr-M lG i Ammadvies sp. 0 9.1 0 9.2 M 0 9.1 0 M t 0 42 02 01 04.6 BC.6 '01I [ "., ' tv. c g.n l Scomber acombrus 19_ 9 12 119 2L2 19 2.M 2.l.M 111 213 9dJ If.j l C-149 0 15 0-55 0 126 0-37 0-109 03662 0-81 0-354 p: 011f 0-376 3:Vfd Pleuronectes emericanus M Li f.f ID L2 il L3 2J 9! JM. 2.2 0 5-15 0-47 0 16 0-54 0 39 3 19 08 0 17 0-2 c 0247 07
- P(
..7%'dh l
- lMfk, t
Total 117 9 fl.J 207.2 176 7 gM 1411 219,J 213 19M "1L2 ( 29L) ma t 14-260 6-139 125-641 51 343 27-154 49-377 5-5423 0-136 - 2-383 0-41--s 4481 l \\ u .4 l l i I l I i i li-- .L.--._._.._---._, ..-. i
1 l i 1 6 km L@VAE 10li6 1987 ' IM8 19F9 1900 1001 1992 1993 Ehmsg h.renrus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 M 02 Enchef vonus eimMus 2U M M 2U 29J M M M 2 74 0 33 04 3-137 0-120 44 0-382 3-22 Mvexaeenhoh.s app. O 0 0 0 (M) 0 0 0 s' - 02 M.eenneus 0 0 -$ 0 0 M 0 0 0 q 02
- e..-
l M octadecemminnsus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 [, ~ 0' 5_j 0 0 0 0 0 0 M. scorrios 0 t' i licena arp. (M) (L1) (M) (U) Q2) (M) 0 (M) l 0-11 0-13 1 32 0-7 0 13 0-14 040 & stlenceve M M M M M M 0 M 0-11 0-13 1 32 0-7 0-13 0-14 040 L. IItJ.!!i 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s t Incat cri'it U U M E M M M L2 O5 0-12 0-2 0 35 0-10 0-4 0-10 0-7 TevincNabms adsnersus $9 4 M LQ 20] U j,U L2 M 0-157 0-6 _.,, 0-5 4-1 96 0-30 0 37 04 0-3 l InveHe subb%sts M L2 '~' U M M M M M -{ 04 02 q 0-12 0-13 09 0-4 0-10 0-14 l Phnfis runnellus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -s ] t i Ammndvies sp. 0 0 1 0 2,2 9,,f 0 0 M 42 42 GN i $ comber scombms 1)),j M M 122,J M 199.7 j,LQ j),,j 0-393 0-2 0-52 0-434 4 23 0-422 0-48 0-43 menm,ccies.mene.ne. U M, M 92 M M M U 0-6 04 e 0-4 0-2 42 0-5 0-3 0-27 5 I 17463 041 549 57-771 6-198 0-478 0 472 19-122 26
i r l l i l IMPINGEMENT OF ORGANISMS AT PILGRIM NUCLEAR POWER STATION (January - June 1993) l [ i i I i l i Prepared by: Robert D. Anderson l Principal Marine Biologist t Licensing Division Boston Edison Company l l October 1993 l l l
.u m. J 9 Herring 1hW:::::::::;;;;; - - ~ I IIIIII Alewife A k Ij I[j NWMNHb HH Smelt $r A '%',JJ,,,_,_ commonly f impinged species l siivenide l i i 4 1 e i n
TABLE OF CONTENTS i i .i Section Title Pace I 1
SUMMARY
l 1 2 INTRODUCTION 2 3 METHODS AND MATERIALS 5 i l 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7 t 4.1 Fishes 7 t 4.2 Invertebrates 7 f 4.3 Fish Survival 11. 5 CONCLUSIONS 13 l 6 LITERATURE CITED 14 j ii
i t LLST OF FIGURES l i Fiaure Pace 1-Location of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station 3 2 Cross-Section of Intake Structure of Pilgrim 4 Nuclear Power Station i t t l h i F 1 l t i iii t
s. LIST OF TABLES Table Paae j i 1 Monthly Impingement for All Hshes Collected From 8 Pilgrim Station Intake Screens, January-June 1993 2 Species, Number, Total Length (mm), Weight (gms) 9 and Percentage for All Fishes Collected From l Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, January-6 June 1993 3 Monthly Impingement for All Invertebrates Collected 10 r From Pilgrim Station Intake Screens, January-June 1993. 4 Survival Summary for the Fishes Collected During 12 Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, January-June 1993. Initial Survival Numbers are Shown Under Static (8-Hour) and Continuous Wash Cycles iv
i l SECTION I
SUMMARY
i fish impingement averaged 2.58 fish / hour during the period January-June 1993. i ? Atlantic silverside (Menidia _ menidia), rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) accounted for 84% of the t fishes collected. Initial impingement survival for. all fishes from static screen wash collections was approximately 67% and from continuous screen washes 38%. The collection rate (no./hr.) for all invertebrates captured from January-June 1993 was 1.09. Ctenophores, sevenspine bay shrimp (Cranoon septemsninosa) and horseshoe crabs (Limulus polvohemus) accounted for 54%+ of the invertebrates impinged. Mixed species of algae collected on intake screens amounted to i 2,486 pounds. i I The relatively high fish impingement rates from January-June 1989 (0.55), 1990 (0.52),1991 (1.31),1992 (0.99) and 1993 (2.58), compared to the same period in 1988, reflect circulating water pumps operating during these entire i periods. The invertebrate impingement was not as reflective of increased intake flow. l The Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station capacity factor was 60% from January - June i 1993. l, l
SECTION 2 INTRODUCTION Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (lat. 4156' N, long. 70 34' W) is located on the northwestern shore of Cape Cod Bay (Figure 1) with a licensed capacity of 655 MWe. The unit has two circulating water pumps with a capacity of approximately 345 cfs each and five service water pumps with a combined capacity of 23 cfs. Water is drawn under a skimmer wall, through vertical bar racks spaced approximately 3 inches on center, and finally through vertical travelling water screens of 3/8 inch wire mesh (Figure 2). There are two travelling water screens for each circulating water pump. i l This document is a report pursuant to operational environmental monitoring and reporting requirements of NPDES Permit No. 0003557 (USEPA) and No. 359 (Mass. DWPC) for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station, Unit I. The report describes impingement of organisms and survival of fishes carried onto the vertical travelling water screens at Unit I. It presents analysis of the relationships I among impingement, environmental factors, and plant operational variables. i i This report is based on data collected from screen wash' samples during January-June 1993. I 1 i l l j
ne ec 2 0 n i a / .n s. o i t a t -7 S re w o P rae l y c a u s l f do m c i e r 6 p g 9a o l tM c i
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- n e.
' N Uo 5 5 ~ -~ _4! 2 y5 [j- =~~- --- -- - Mian 5t A lf vtl 8W5L1 w u un r ~. ' l} -I E" T';> tlSMISCAPE OPitihL$ e Et ~ f f BOM0u 0f pIMuf a m AL& ,p ELUICE G.Att,
- d
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- a. f.rri.,
':.7., Figure 2: Cross-section of intake structure of Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station. 1 I l 4 i I I l SECTION 3 i METHODS AND MATERIALS Three screen washings each week were performed from January-June 1993 to i provide data for evaluating the magnitude of marine biota impingement. The i total weekly collection time was 24 hours (three separate 8-hour periods: i morning, afternoon and night). Two collections represented dark period sampling and one represented light period sampling. At the beginning of each i ( collection period, all four travelling screens were washed. Eight hours later, the screens were again washed (minimum of 30 minutes each) and all organisms collected. When screens were being washed continuously, one hour collections were made at the end of the regular sampling periods, and they l represented two light periods and one dark period on a weekly basis. Water nozzles directed at the screens washed impinged organisms and debris into a sluiceway that flowed into a trap. The original trap is made of galvanized screen (3/8-inch mesh) attached to a removable steel frame and it collects impinged biota, in the screenhouse, shortly after being washed off i l the screens. A second trap was designed and is also used for sampling, in conjunction with sluceway survival studies, consisting of a section of half 18" corrugated metal pipe with 3/16-inch nylon, delta mesh netting attached. Impinged biota sampled by this trap were collected at the end of a 300' sl uiceway. Initial fish survival was determined for static (8-hour) and continuous screenwash cycles. i !
Variables recorded for organisms were total numbers, and individual total i 1 lengths (mm) and weights (gms) for up to 20 specimens of each species. A random sample of 20 fish or invertebrates was taken whenever the total number for a species exceeded 20; if the total collection for a species was less than 20, all were measured and weighed. Field work was conducted by Marine Research, Inc. Intake seawater temperature, power level output, tidal stage, number of circulating water pumps in operation, time of day and date were recorded at the time of collections. The collection rate (#/ hour) was calculated as l number of organisms impinged per collecting period divided by the total number of hours in that collecting period. Beginning in 1990, if all four intake i l screens are not washed for a collecting period. All common and scientific names in this report follow the American Fisheries Society (1988,1989,1991a j and 1991b). l i I f 1 l
SECTION 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Fishes In 279 collection hours, 721 fishes of twenty-six species (Table 1) were-collected from Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station intake screens during January - June 1993. The collection rate was 2.58 fish / hour. Atlantic silverside (Menidia menidia) was the most abundant species accounting for 69.5% of all i fishes collected (Table 2). Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and winter flounder (Pseudooleuronectes americanus) accounted for 8.0 and 6.2% of the total number of fishes collected. Atlantic silverside were impinged in highest numbers during March. These were primarily adult fish that averaged i 99 mm total length. Winter flounder were mostly impinged in February and March, rainbow smelt during January-March. The January-June 1993 fish impingement rate increased from the same period in 1992 (0.99), 1991 (1.31),. 1990 (0.52) and 1989 (0.55). Rates increased the past five years compared to t the 1988 rate (0.30) and this is possibly attributable to greater circulating water pump operating capacity from 1989-1993. ) 4.2. Invertebrates l l l In 279 collection hours, 304+ invertebrates of 14 species (Table 3) were l collected from Pilgrim Station intake screens between January-June 1993. The collection rate was 1.09 invertebrates / hour. Ctenophores were collected in undetermined numbers. Sevenspine bay shrimp (Cranoon septemspinosa) and horseshoe crabs (Limulus polyphemus) accounted for 34.5%+ and 19.7%, respectively, of the total number of invertebrates collected. American !
Table 1. Monthly Impingement For All Fishes Collected from Pilgrim Station Intake Screens, January-June 1993 Species Jan Feb. March April May June Total Atlantic silverside 58 7 381 55 501 Rainbow smelt 23 11 16 7 1 58 i Binter Flounder 6 14 20 5 45 Alewife 1 1 2 22 4 2 32 t Grubby 5 6 9 2 22 Lumpfish 4 7 2 13 Rock gunnel 7 7 Pollock 2 3 5 Atlantic herring 3 1 4 Hake spp. 4 4 Northern searobin 4 4 Atlantic tomcod 1 2 3 Cunner 3 3 Radiated shanny 1 1 1 3 Blackspotted stickleback 1 1 2 Blueback herring 1 1 2 Little skate 2 2 Pearlside 2 2 Windowpane 1 1 2 Atlantic menhaden 1 1 Fourspot flounder 1 1 Northern pipefish 1 1 Striped cusk-eel 1 1 Tautog 1 1 Threespine stickleback 1 1 Yellowtail flounder 1 1 TOTALS 102 40 435 111 16 17 721 i Collection Time (hrs.) 66 47 54 27 25 60 279 Collection Rate (#/hr.) 1.55 0.85 8.06 4.11 0.64 0.28 2.58 l l
Table 2. Species, Number, Total Length (mm), Weight (gms) and Percentage For All Fishes Collected From Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, January-June 1993 l Length Mean Weight Mean Percent of Species Number Ranae Lesoth Ranoe Weiaht Total Fish Atlantic silverside 501 67-135 99 2-10 4 69.5 Rainbow smelt 58 72-212 129 3-75 14 8.0 Winter flounder 45 43-322 99 l-219 12 6.2 Alewife 32 76-265 119 3-199 22 4.4 1 Grubby 22 38-130 69 l-30 6 3.1 Lumpfish 13 36-101 50 2-48 7 1.8 Rock gunnel 7 68-110 87 1-3 2 1.0 Pollock 5 67-89 76 2-6 4 0.7 Atlantic herring 4 37-52 47 0.2-1 1 0.6 Hake spp. 4 62-71 67 2 2 0.6 Northern searobin 4 210-223 215 74-100 81 0.6 Atlantic tomcod 3 51-139 86 1-17 7 0.4 Cunner 3 72-113 108 15 15 0.4 Radiated shanny 3 67-112 82 2-11 5 0.4 Blackspotted stickleback 2 42-43 43 1 1 0.3 Blueback herring 2 77-80 79 3 3 0.3 Little skate 2 330-492 411 0.3 Pearlside 2 49-50 50 1 1 0.3 Windowpane 2 160-220 190 44-112 78 0.3 Atlantic menhaden 1 123 123 20 20 0.1 Fourspot flounder 1 321 321 253 253 0.1 Northern pipefish 1 155 155 1 1 0.1 Striped cusk-eel 1 130 130 11 11 0.1 Tautog 1 97 97 14 14 0.1 Threespine stickleback 1 60 60 2 2 0.1 Yellowtail flounder 1 58 58 2 2 0.1 l l l l l
Table 3. Monthly Impingement For All Invertebrates Collected from Pilgrim Station Intake Screens, January-June 1993 Species Jan. Feb. March April May June Totals Ctenophore Sevenspine bay shrimp 19 28 57 1 105+ Horseshoe crab 39 21 60 l American lobster 1 1 2 26 11 41 Nereis spp. 10 10 5 3 28 Green crab 7 1 1 3 7 7 26 Nemertea 9 2 11 Rock crab 4 1 2 2 9 Longfin squid 2 6 8 Polychaeta 7 7 Common starfish 1 1 1 1 4 i Nematoda 3 3 Isopoda 1 1 ~ Lady crab 1 1 f TOTALS 53 48 65+ 11+ 78 49 304+ l Collection Time (hrs.) 66 47 54 27 25 60 279 Collection Rate (#/hr.) 0.80 1.02 1.20+ 0.41+ 3.12 0.82 1.09 1
- Undetermined numbers f
lobsters (Homarus americanus) were fourth in abundance and were impinged predominantly in May. Ctenophores were impinged only during the month of March. The collections of i sevenspine bay shrimp occurred primarily in February - April, and horseshoe crabs in May and June. In 1989 from January - June, blue mussels and mussel predators dominated, possibly due to the lack of effective macrofouling controls then. Forty-one specimens of the commercially important American lobster (Homarus americanus) were captured which is comparable to 1992 but high compared with other previous years; for example,16 and 21 were recorded for the same time frame in 1990 and 1991, respectively. Approximately 2,486 pounds of mixed algae species were recorded during impingement sampling, or 8.9 pounds / hour. Like the January-June, 1989 - 1993 1 fish impingement rates, the algal impingement rate for these years was notably higher than recorded for the same period in 1988. 4.3 Fish Survival Fish survival data collected while impingement monitoring are shown in Table 4. Static screen was collections provided high numbers of fishes and revealed relatively high impingement survival rates for some species, especially Atlantic silversides. Continuous screen wash collections had lower survival rates, although so few fishes were sampled that they are not a good indicator of continuous wash survival. l Table 4. Survival Summary for the Fishes Collected During Pilgrim Station Impingement Sampling, January-June 1993. Initial Survival Numbers Are ) Shown Under Static (8-Hour) and Continuous Wash Cycles Number Collected Number Survivina Static Cont. (Initial) Total Lenath (mm) Species Washes Washes Static Cont. Mean Range Atlantic silverside 466 35 340 8 99 67-135 Rainbow smelt 52 6 7 1 129 72-212 Winter flounder 36 9 35 6 99 43-322 Alewife 13 19 2 8 119 76-265 Grubby 19 3 18 3 69 38-130 Lumpfish 13 0 5 50 36-101 Rock gunnel 1 6 0~ 4 87 68-110 Pollock 4 1 1 0 76 67-89 Atlantic herring 4 0 0 47 37-52 Hake spp. 4 0 2 67 62-71 Northern searobin 4 0 4 215 210-223 Atlantic tomcod 3 0 1 86 51-139 Cunner 3 0 2 108 72-113 Radiated shanny 1 2 1 1 82 67-112 Blackspotted stickleback 2 0 2 43 42-43 Blueback herring 1 1 0 1 79 77-80 Little skate 2 0 2 411 330-492 Pearlside 2 0 0 50 49-50 Windowpane 2 0 1 190 160-220 Atlantic menhaden 1 0 1 123 123 Fourspot flounder 1 0 1 321 321 Northern pipefish 0 1 0 155 155 Striped cusk-eel 0 1 0 130 130 Tautog 0 1 0 97 97 Threespine stickleback 1 0 0 60 60 Yellowtail flounder 0 1 1 58 58 All Species. Number 635 86 425 33 (% Surviving) (66.9) (38.4) ) l
SECTION 5 CONCLUSIONS i
- 1. The average Pilgrim impingement rate for the period January-June 1993 was 2.58 fish / hour. The collection rate was notably lower in 1988, than in 1989 -
1993, possibly due to more circulating water pump capacity during the latter years. j i
- 2. Twenty-six species of fish were recorded in 279 impingement collection hours.
i
- 3. The major species collected and their relative percentages of the total collections were Atlantic silverside, 69.5%; rainbow smelt, 8.0%; and winter flounder, 6.2%.
- 4. The hourly collection rate for invertebrates was 1.09 with ctenophores (undetermined numbers), sevenspine bay shrimp (34.5%+) and horseshoe crabs (19.7%) dominating the catch.
Forty-one American lobsters were caught. Impingement rates for invertebrates were higher and algae lower for this period in 1988 (minimum circulating water pumps operating) then in 1989 - 1993. j
- 5. Impinged fish survival was relatively high for species during static screen washes compared to continuous washes.
j l i i SECTION 6 i l LITERATURE CITED ? i American Fisheries Society. 1991a. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Spec. Pub. No. 20: 183 pp. 1991b. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from I l the United States and Canada: cnidaria and ctenophora. Spec. Pub. No. 22: 75rp. 1989. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from t l the United States and Canada: decapod crustaceans. Spec. Pub. No. 17:77 pp. i i i i 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from j the United States and Canada: mollusks. Spec. Pub. No. 16: 277 pp. l [ b i l l 1 i 1 i, a I
lbOl klc Kielbb e /? u ? u2/ u K y@ + $$hksw c;/darbre $lhAcraw l 5 /R $m de 6.2 8 W_. ; < l PHlWP CO A TC$ uu /fd. /ddR( #d([J- ((.f[8 DIRECTOR (508)888 1155 a i MEMORANDUM TO: Members of the Administrative-Technical Committee, l Pilgrim Power Plant Investigations I' FROM: Brian Kelly, Recording Secretary, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries l
SUBJECT:
Minutes of the 79th meeting of the Pilgrim l Administrative-Technical Committee l DATE: July 13, 1993 5 The 79th meeting of the Pilgrim Administrative-Technical (A-T) Committee was called to order by Chairman Szal (DWPC) on June 22, 1993 at 10:10 a.m. at the Richard Cronin Building, Massachusetts Division Fisheries and Wildlife Field Headquarters, Westboro, Massachusetts. Eight agenda items were-addressed. I. Minutes of the 78th Meetina There were no additional comments on the previous A-T meeting j minutes, which were accepted unanimously. -1 II. Pilcrim Station Status Update Bob Anderson mentioned that Pilgrim Station operated at 81% capacity in 1992. In 1993, the plant ran 100% for January-March, i i then refueled April-May. Pilgrim Station will plan ' future refueling and mid-cycle outages for the months of April and May, which will lessen potential entrainment impact of winter flounder-larvae; one circulating water pump will be on during the greater part of these outages. Dredging of the plant's Intake embayment should occur next spring, with dredged material to be deposited at-an accepted spoil site in Cape Cod Bay. Repair'of the southern discharge jetty will be decided on later this year; BECo engineers have determined that the rocks in the discharge have no impact on plant operation. A discussion of traveling screen designs. ensued. Bob mentioned that BECo experimented unsuccessfully with a new screen lip design and soon will be reverting to the original screen configuration. 1
III. 1992 Impincement/Overflicht Monitorina Bob Anderson noted that impingement averaged about 0.6 fish / hour at Pilgrim in 1992, the lowest rate since 1983. An estimated total of 5600 fish were impinged for the year, with half being Atlantic silversides. Initial survival of impinged fish averaged almost 50%, ranging from 100% for tautog to 9% for blueback herring. Two large schools of a herring species were i spotted in the Pilgrim vicinity from the fish overflights in April, j as were menhaden in May. None came within a half-mile of the plant. IV. 1993 Marine Fisheries Monitorina Bob Lawton distributed copies of the Irish moss and Haul seine final reports to committee members in need. Two more final reports (offshore trawl and commercial lobster) are being prepared this year. Bob mentioned that fisheries studies at Pilgrim now center primarily around three species - cunner, winter flounder, and lobster. He presented an overview of the ongoing cunner tagging / recovery study. Over the last six years between 500 million to three billion cunner eggs and 750,000 to 150 million cunner larvae have been entrained annually at Pilgrim. Using the adult equivalency approach for these years generated estimates of an average of 55,000 adults / year removed from the population. The bounds of the local cunner population is difficult to determine geographically, with the limits of recruitment to the Pilgrim area yet to be determined. DMF is working on tag retention and sample size determination to get an accurate population estimate. A discussion ensued regarding the accuracy of adult equivalency values. Brian Kelly described the trawl-sampling initiative undertaken in Plymouth-Kingston-Duxbury Bay (PKDB) from February through May which targeted winter flounder. DMF is attempting to generate some estimate of stock size using an area swept approach. Catch rates of flounder were low within the PKDB, which led to a discussion of t which time frame to best sample spawning flounder. Winter flounder catch rates for the long-term biweekly sampling program near Pilgrim Station were higher in 1992 than in 1991, which is in part due to use of a new trawl in 1992. Vin Malkoski summarized lobster studies undertaken at Pilgrim. There was no relation found between commercial lobster catch rate and plant operation in 1992, with this being the last year of commercial catch monitoring. The 1992 sublegal research lobster catch rate increased, which may be attributed to mandated past increases in the escape vent size of commercial lobster pots. Vin explained the deployment of research lobster gear for 1993. 1 l 2
e e V. 1992 Benthic Monitorina Results j George Hampson described the benthic sampling methodology in l use. He mentioned that the denuded area in the Pilgrim discharge plume in June 1992 was greater than it had been for several past years, possibly due to an extensive mussel set which outcompeted Irish moss for space on rocks. These mussels began a die-off in mid-summer, with a concomitant return of Irish moss to the vacated space. Lobster probably move out of the plume area as water temperature rises in summer. VI. 1992 Entrainment Monitorina Results Mike Scherer mentioned that he has ideas to discuss with the fisheries subcommittee relative to the entrainment contingency sampling plan presently in place. The dominant species in the 1992 entrainment samples were tautog and cunner in summer / fall and winter flounder in late spring /early summer. However, numbers of both winter flounder and cunner larvae were relatively low in 1992. Based on adult equivalency analyses of the number of eggs and larvae of three species of interest entrained at Pilgrim over the years, the annual adult averages were 560 winter flounder, 55,000
- cunner, and 4,400 mackerel.
A discussion followed on adult equivalency determination and the potential, if any, of tying in larval abundance with stock size. VII. Subcommittee Memberships I 4 4 The Benthic Subcommittee members are Don Miller (chair), Jerry Szal, Bob Anderson, Bob Lawton, and Jack Paar. Jerry will contact Rick Zaroka of CZM to replace Judy Pederson on this subcommittee. The Fisheries Subcommittee includes Carolyn Griswold (chair), Bob l Anderson, Bob Lawton, Bob Maietta, Jack Paar, Martha Mather, and Mike Scherer. Bob Lawton motioned to contact two to three consultants to have input to the future development of the marine fisheries monitoring program at Pilgrim. This motion passed unanimously. VIII. Review /Undate Benthic Monitorina Program Analysis Activities Bob Anderson described the benthic expert panel meeting held last year and the subsequent recommendations for plume mapping. Bids are arriving from four contractors to do a six week plume study this fall. By spring, a report should be ready for the committee. (Update: the plume study has been postponed one year because of discharge canal rocks blocking almost half of the discharge flow, and thus influencing ' normal' plume configuration / effects.) 4 3 i i
i IX. Other Business The Committee discussed the idea of the multi-year reports being published in book volume to update the original monograph. Jan suggested that Bob Anderson look into the Electric Power Research Institute for funding ideas for publication. XI. Adiournment I The meeting adjourned at 2:45 PM. Pilgrim Administrative-Technical Committee Meeting Attendance June 22, 1992 I Gerald Szal, Chairman Mass. DEP, Grafton l Jan Prager EPA, Narragansett Robert Maietta Mass. DEP, Grafton Carolyn Griswold NMFS, Narragansett i Robert Anderson BECo, Braintree j Robert Lawton Mass. DMF, Sandwich Leigh Bridges Mass. DMF, Boston l Mike Scherer Marine
- Research, Inc.
Falmouth George Hampson SAIC, Falmouth Vincent Malkoski Mass. DMF, Sandwich l Brian Kelly Mass. DMF, Sandwich l (recording secretary) t 1 i 4 ,}}