ML20056C053

Requests Commission Approval for Change in End Use of Us Supplied HEU in Japan

ML20056C053
Person / Time
Issue date:	09/02/1992
From:	Harold Denton NRC OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS (OIP)
To:
References
SECY-92-307, NUDOCS 9209090305
Download: ML20056C053 (25)

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s, POLICY ISSUE (Notation Vote)

SECY-92-307 Sectemoer 2. 1992 For:

The Commissioners From:

Harold R. Denton, Director Office of International Programs

Subject:

PROPOSED CHANGE IN END USE OF U.S.-SUPPLIED HEU IN JAPAN (XSNM01271)

Purpose:

To obtain Commission approval for change in end use of U.S.-supplied high enriched uranium (HEU) in Japan.

Backaround:

In the early 1980s, the U.S. Department of Energy supplied 41.978 kilograms of HEU (39.111 kilograms of uranium-235, 93.3 percent maximum enrichment) to Japan for use as the initial core of the Kyoto University High Flux Reactor (KUHFR). The export was authorized by NRC export license XSNM01271 which was issued to Nissho Iwai American Corporation (see SECY-80-120 dated March 17,1980).

Because of delays in the construction of the KUHFR, the U.S.

Government subsequently consented to Japan's use of a total of 17.587 kilograms of the HEU in several tranches for the Kyoto University Reactor (KUR) in the 1984-1989 time period.

The KUHFR project was later canceled, and the remaining 24.4 kilograms of HEU is currently stored at the Kyoto University Fresh Fuel Storage Facility (KUFFS). The KUR is scheduled for conversion to low enriched uranium (LEU) fuel under the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR) program.

Conversion is planned for the 1993-1994 time frame.

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September 2,1992 Discussion:

On July 22, 1991, Nissho Iwai American Corporation, on behalf of Kyoto University, requested (Attachment 1) U.S. Government approval for a change in end use of the remaining 24.4 kilograms of HEU which is in storage. The request incorporated a Kyoto University proposal, approved by Japanese Government nuclear authorities, to use 22.002 kilograms for experiments in the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KVCA) and 2.398 kilograms for experimental samples.

9 Several questions were raised regarding the proposal in Department of State (DOS) cable State 199758 to Tokyo dated June 23 and Tokyo's cable Tokyo 11426 dated July 17 (Attachment 2). The cables discussed the history of the Japanese proposal, earlier consultations and discussions in Japan and in the U.S., and some points of frustration and possible confusion on both sides.

The Executive Branch concluded that the KUCA does not require additional HEU and the Japanese proposal was tantamount to indefinite storage. The Japanese, however, had dismissed other courses of action they might initiate as more seriously flawed. They understood that one attractive option, use of the HEU in the KUR, was unacceptable to the U.S. and would reverse Japan's commitment to convert the reactor to LEU at an early date. However, upon further review, the Department of State now proposes that the U.S. Government authorize Japan's use of five (5) kilograms of the HEU for use in the KUR and consider, presumably in a favorable light, Japanese requests to use additional tranches of the HEU in the KUR in future years (see Department of State drafted cable to Tokyo at Attachment 3). The advantage of this recommendation is that the amount of HEU in storage, and thus costing Japan holding costs as well as being susceptible to some small risk of theft or diversion, would be reduced or even eliminated.

The principal disadvantage is that it would delay, perhaps for five years or more, the scheduled conversion of the KUR reactor to LEU. Another choice in dealing with the surplus HEU is repurchasing and returning it to the U.S., which is unattractive to the Executive Branch because of the financial costs to the U.S.

==

Conclusion:==

lne staff agrees that the KUCA does not require additional HEU and that the Department of State's proposal that the U.S.

author:ze Japan's use of five (5) kilograms of the HEU in the KUR is, on balance, reasonable and without undue risk to U.S.

nonproliferation policy objectives, including the objectives of the RERTR program. The staff would prefer to see the U.S.

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The Commissioners 3

September 2,1992 2

==

Conclusion:==

offer to repurchase and return the HEU to the U.S., but (continued) understands that the Executive Branch is not prepared to make such an offer.

Recommendation:

That the Commission authorize the staff to concur in the draft Department of State cable to Tokyo at Attachment.3.

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S gHarold R. Denton, Director v

Office of International Programs Attachments:

1.

7/22/91 NIAC Letter Y0gino to RDHauber w/ attachment 2.

State 199758 dated 6/23/92 and Tokyo 11426 dated 7/17/92 3.

7/20/92 DOS drafted cable to Tokyo Commissioners' comments or consent should be provided directly to the Office of the Secretary by COB Thursday, September 17, 1992.

Commission Staff office comments, if any, should be submitted to the Commissioners NLT Thursday, September 10, 1992, with an information copy to the Office of the Secretary.

If the paper is of such a nature that it requires additional review and comment, the Commissioners and the Secretariat should be apprised of when comments may be expected.

DISTRIBUTION:

Commissioners OGC OCAA OIG IP OPP EDO SECY

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ATTACHMENT 1 i

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GNT91-014 July 22, 1991 Nissho Iwai American

...._ : _c --. -' i Corporation Mr. Ronald D. Hauber 3211 Aenve oHhe Arne*icas Ass stant Director Ne* ** N y loo 36 for Exports, Security, and Safety Cooperation D'ec1 Nue International Programs U.

S.

Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington D.C.

20055 bes Numtes FCA 232641/233567

TT42c40s

Subject:

Export License No. XSNM-01271 and its amendments Tv.x no 5BM252 No. I through 3 - Changes in the End Use W UiO2D 912 WUD 126110 /12329

& anen on.ces

Dear Mr. Hauber:

Saq f ranC4CD L:s ege es Under the subject Export License, 39.111 kilograms uranium f:sa'

[*N' 235 in 41.978 kilograms uranium metal was shipped to Japan for the initial ft'alling of then planned KUHFR research a caco reactor. While awaiting construction permit, 16.376 kilo-

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crams uranium 235 in 17.578 kilograms uranium metal was

[$s diverted to use in KUR (Kyoto University Reactor).

e.e:ns age itama At this time, we would like to bring to your attention

$,I,*$$nc Kyoto Univerisity's request to divert 22.002 kilograms C ese r o uraiuum to use in KUCA (Kyoto University Critical Assembly) and 2.398 kilograms uranium to use as source material for experi= ental camples.

Attached, please find the revised end use statement duly signed by Professor Hideaki Nishihara, director general and a copy of the checklist for your review of this request.

We would appreciate it very much if you kindly process this request for your review and approval.

Very truly yours, f ov Yuji Ogino Manager - Nuclear Gas & Nuclear Department cc: NIC Tokyo AToMB-2 General Letter File l

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r' July 9, 1991 The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C.

20555 U.S.A.

Dear Sirs:

END UcE STATEMENT Ve, the undersigned certify that the following material, i.e.

Enrichment

93.17 %

Chemical Form : U (metal)

Quantity

24.4 kgU (22.735 kgU-235) 6.hich has been a part of the highly enriched uranium delivered to Kyoto University for the Kyoto University High Flux Reactor (KUHFR), will be retransferred to the fuel of the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (EUCA),

22.002 kgU, and to source material for experimental samples, 2.398 kgU.

These materials will be stored in the Kyoto University Fresh Fuel Storage Facility (EUFFS) until the shipment.

Ve authorize the Nissho-Iwai American Corporation, 1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York 10036, U.S.A. to execute necessary works corresponding to the change in the end use.

Sincerely,

/A No Hideaki Nishihara Professor, Director General

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xc: Nissho-Iwai American Corporation

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CHECKLIST FOR USE IN REVIEW ' OF REQUESTS FOR HEU TO DETERMINE TECHNICAL AND ili ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATION (DRAFT)

July 9, 1991 I

1. Name of reactor and facility EUCA (Kyoto University Critical Assembly)

2. Location Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-04, Japan

3. Quantity of uranium requested (kg U) 22.002 kg U i

4. Enrichment in the isotope U-235 93.17 %

5. Quantity of uranium requested (kg U-235) 20.501 kg U-235

6. Type of fuel element and form of uranium Coupon for A/B cores, 93% enriched (HEU) U-Al alloy Flat or curved plate for C core, 93% enriched U-Al alloy and 45% enriched (MEU) UAlx-Al dispersion 7.Currentreactorgowerlevel(MWth)

Less than 10- MWth

8. Duty factor, average burnup Negligible burnup 9a. Current core loading (kg U-235)

A core: 2.03 kg U-235 B core: 5.78 kg U-235 C core: 2.13 kg U-235 9b. Amount of fuel per element (kg U-235) 0.00241 kg U-235 for coupon 0.00889 kg U-235 for standard flat plate 0.00591 or 0.00278 kg U-235 for special flat plate 0.0075 to 0.0177 kg U-235 for HEU curved plate 0.0089 to 0.0216 kg U-235 for MEU curved plate 9c. Number of elements in core A core:

842 coupons B core: 2,400 coupons C core:

240 standard flat plates 9d. Average core life Not applicable because of critical assembly

10. Annual fuel usage (kr U-235)

Not applicable because of negligible burnup

11. Annual spare fuel requirement, if any (kg U-235)

Not applicable

12. Plans to increase, decrease reactor power level Not applicable

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13. Esticated annual supply of current fuel requett 22 kg U only in 1992

24. Required manufacture's working stock, if any, included in this request (kg U-235)

Not applicable

15. Fabrication loss, if any, included in this regtest (kg U-235) 0.51 kg U-235 (2.5 %)

16. Names of converter and fabricator of fuel Undecided (possibly, Nuclear Fuel Industry Ltd. (NFI))

17. Location Undecided (If NFI, Kumatori-cho, Sennan-gun, Osaka 590-04, Japan)

28. Inventory 40.55 kg U (32.92 kg U-235) 18a. Quantity of scrap U-235, usable, non-usable (kg U-235)

None 18b. Quantity of fabricated unirradiated stores fuel available ikg U-235)

None IBc. Quantity of unirradiated non-fabricated stored fuel (which will be available from fabrication planned or in process)

[kg U-235)

None 18d. Amount of fuel stored in pond (kg U-235)

None 18e. Amount of spent fuel stored in core tank (kg U-235)

None

19. Date at which current inventory, including a, b, c will be l

expended Not applicable

20. Date current requested fuel will be needed at reactor October, 1992

21. Date current requested fuel will be needed by converter and fabricator April, 1992 22a. Time taken for shipment from USA to converter / fabricator None 22b. Lead time for ordering in USA None

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23. Date at which current requested fuel will be expended i.e.,

when a further HEU supply will be needed at reactor a

None

24. Date at which reactor could be converted to 45% fuel; to 20%

fuel, including time required for licensing procedure Not applicable

25. History and dates of previously HEU supplies by the U.S.

See below (*)

26. Amount of fuel of U.S.-origin previously consumed during operation of reactor Negligible small

27. Status of cooperation between reactor operator and Argonne National Laboratory in reduced enrichment program (RERTR)

Joint study on core conversion since May 5, 1978.

28. Status of agreement between reactor operator and ANL to reduce enrichment Depends on the results of item 27

29. Status of cooperation between reactor operator and I AEA reduced enrichment program Participation in Editorial Meetings of IAEA Guidebook on l

Research Reactor Core Conversion, and IAEA experts to i

several developing countries for core conversion.

NOTE: Prior to obtaining USG approval an update of the inventory may be required.

OES/NEC:JGDardis:mw 11/6/80 x21689

(*) Purchase for KUCA Purchase for KUHFR 1973.

3. 25.559 kg U (93%)

1982.

3.

4.006 kg U (93%)

1979. 12.

4.876 kg U (93%)

1982.

3.

4.006 kg U (93%)

1982.-

3.

4.006 kg U (93%)

total 30.435 kg U 1982. 11.

4.992 kg U (93%)

(28.349 kg U-235) 1982. 11.

4.992 kg U (93%)

1982. 11.

4.992 kg U (93%)

Lease for KUCA 1982. 12.

4.992 kg U (93%)

1980.

5.

3.733 kg U (45%)

1983.

4.

4.996 kg U (93%)

1980.

5. 10.252 kg U (45%)

1983.

4.

4.996 kg U (93%)

total 13.985 kg U total 41.978 kg U (6.237 kg U-235)

(39.111 kg U-235)

Retransfer (for KUR from KUHFR) 1984.

7.

4.996 kg U (93%)

1986.

5.

2.598 kg U (93%)

1987.

6.

4.992 kg U (93%)

e 1989.

6.

4.992 kg U (93%)

i total 17.578 kg U (16.376 kg U-235)

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Type of Fuel No. of Items kgU kgU-235 t:

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HEU I

coupon 6,816 17.636 16.428

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standard flat plate 900 8.596 8.003 special flat plate 48 0.224 0.209 curved plate 306 4.041 3.764 subtotal 8,070 30.497 28.404 MEU curved plete 294 10.055 4.512 TOTAL 8,364 40.552 32.916 Breakdown 21 present KUCA fugl location ( As of June 27, 1991) location Type of Fuel No. of Items kgU kgU-235 Fuel coupon 3,574 9.247 8.614 Storage standard flat plate 660 6.304 5.869 Room special flat plate 48 0.224 0.209 curved plate (HEU) 306 4.041 3.764 curved plate (MEU) 294 10.055 4.512 subtotal 4,882 29.871 22.968 A Core coupon 842 2.179 2.029 B Core coupon 2,400 6.210 5.785 C Core standard flat plate 240 2.292 2.134 TOTAL 8,364 40.552 32.916

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ATTACHMENT 2 e

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08/26/92 092955' PRINTER: HI j

9? STATE 199758 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED

.j DAGE 01 STATE 199758 231341Z GRIGIN DES-09 INFO LOG-00 ACDA-15 AMAO-01 CEG-01 CIAE-00 C-01

))CI-00 D0E5-00 EAP-01 E3-01 H-01 INRE-03 INR-01 10-19 L-03 AGS-00 NRC-03 NSAE-00 NSCE-00 CIC-02 PM-J1 S N P- 01 O SC-01 SP-01 55-01 T-01 EPAE-00

/064R ORAFTED BY: DES /NEC:RROE L AB ARR E : RRD APPROVE 3 BY: EAP/J:C:JSCOTT l

EAD/J: PHANIGAN 00E:NMARTIN ACDA:WSTERN 000:GBRU3AKER 3

DES /NEP: EBUSIC%

S/NP:TSNELL

---

4210CF 231349Z /38 D 231344Z JUN 02 i

FM SECSTATE WASHDC l

TO AMEMSASSY TOKYO PRIORITY UNCLAS STATE 199758 COR 00E AND SCIENCE C.0.

12356:

N/A TAGS:

KNNP, KSCA, TRGY, JA

SUBJECT:

KYOTO UNIVERSITY REQUEST TO CHANGE END-USE OF

' HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM 1.

EMBASSY IS REQUESTED TO RAISE FOLLOWING AITH F

APPROPRIATE G0J AUTHORITIES AT EARLIEST OPPJRTUNITY.

UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 STATE 199758 231341Z REQUEST TO CHANGE END USE i

2.

IN JULY 1991, NISSHO-IWAI AMERIC AN CORPOR ATION FILED ON BEHALF OF KYOTO UNIVERSITY, JAPAN A REQUEST WITH THE U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION FOR APPROVAL OF A CHANGE IN END-USE FOR 22 735 KILOGRAMS OF U-235 IN 24 4 i

KILOGRAMS OF URANIUM ENRICHED TO A MAXIMUM OF 93.17 PERCENT.

THE MATERIAL, CURRENTLY STORED AT THE UNIVERSITY, IS-THE REMAINDER OF AN EXP3RT IN THE EARLY 1980'S OF 39 111 KILOGRAMS OF U-235 IN 41.9T8 KILOGRAMS 0F URANIUM FOR THE INITI AL CCRE OF THE KYOTO UNIVERSITY HIGH FLUX REACTOR (KUHFR).

THAT REACTOR PROJECT WAS LATER CANCELLE7.

3.

KYOTO UNIVERSITY WITH THE APPROV AL OF J AD ANESE GOVERNMENT NUCLEAR AUTHORITIES NOW PROPOSE S TO USE 22.002 KILOGRAMS OF THE REMAINING HIGHLY ENRICHED

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URANIUM (HEU) FOR EXPERIMENTS IN THE KYOTO UNIVERSITY CRITICAL ASSEMBLY (KUCA) AND 2.396.KILOGRA*5 FOR l

EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLES.

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A TOTAL JF 17.578 KILOGRAd5 OF THIS HEU WAS USED i

WITH USG CONSENT IN SEVER AL TR ANCHES FDR THE KYOTO f

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UNIVERSITY REACTOR (KUR).

UNCLASSIFIED

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03/26/92 092955 PRINTER: HI 72 STATE 199T58 UNCLASSIFIED

-5.

00E AND ARGONNE NATIONAL LAS QUEST *,CNS THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ASKS WHY KYOTO UNIVERSITY COES UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED DAGE 03 STATE 199759 231341Z NOT PROPOSE TO CONTINUE BURNING UD THE HEU AS FUEL FOR THE KUR.

DOE ALSC WISHES ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING OUESTIONS POSED BY ARGONNE NATIONAL LABORATORY (ANL) IN A LETTER T O PROFESSOR KEIJI K AND A 0F KYOTO UNIVER SITY' S RESEARCH REACTOR INSTITUTE:

4. COULD THE HEU BE PLENDED DCWN TO 19.9 ENRICHMENT IN JAPAN?

ANL WOULD APPRECIATE A DETAILED EXFLANATION.

ANL 3ELIEVES TH AT BLENDING OF UR ANIUM IS NOT A SOPHISTICATED OR EXPEN".IVE OPERATION.

IF NO FACILITY IN JAPAN IS CURRENTLY LICENSED TO 3 LEND URANIUM, PLEASE PROVIDE AN ESTIMATE OF THE TIME REQUIRED TO OBTAIN A LICENSE AND THE NAMES OF ORGANIZATIONS IN JAPAN THAT CD'JLD BLEND THE URANIUM.

B.

CD'J LD THE HEU M ET AL DE ALLOYEO IN JAPAN AND THEN SHIPPED TO CERCA (FRANCE) OR S AND W (U.S.) FOR DEPLACEMENT WITH AN EQUIVALENT AMOUNT OF LOW ENRICHED URANIUM (LEU)?

JAERI SUCCESSFULLY SHIDPED HEU (90 TC 93 PERCENT ENRICHED) ALLCY TO FRANCE IN 1990.

C.

HOW WCULD THE HEU BE USED IN THE KUCA?

CAN THE CXPERIMENT OBJECTIVES BE ACHIEVED WITH LEU AS WELL AS (INSTEAD OF) HEU?

IN ANL EXPERIENCE, MOCKUPS OF THERMAL AND EPITAERMAL PEACTORS USING HEU PLATES PRESENT A CIFFICULT ANALYSIS UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED

'oAGE 04 STATE 199758 231341Z TASK BECAJSE OF THE EXTPEME HETEROGENEITY.

METHODS DEVELOPED TO DEAL WITH THE HETEROGENEITY M AY EVENTUALLY NEED TO BE VERIFIED BY BUILCING MORE HOMOGENEOUS CORES.

DURING YOUR (PROF. KANDA'S) VISIT TO ANL IN JULY 1991, YOU MENTIONED THE POSSIBILITY OF FABRIC ATING LEU PL ATES IN ORDER TO CONSTRUCT MORE H3MOGENEDUS CORES AND PROVICE A NEUTRON SPECTRUM THAT IS MORE REPRESENTATIVE OF THE2 MAL GR EPITHERMAL SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF SIGMIFICANT QUANTITIES OF U-238.

ANL BELIEVES THIS IS AN EXCELLENT IDEA.

D. WHAT ARE THE CURRENT AND FORESEEN USES CF THE PRESENT KUCA INVENTJRY?

CAN THE HEU ALLOY COUPONS AND PLATES THAT ARE NO LONGER NEECED BE SHIPPE3 TO CERC A OF B AND W FOR RECOVERY OF THE HEU AND FABRICATION INTO LWU PLATES?

THE A,

B, AND C CORES OF THE KUCA.ALREADY HAVE A LARGE HEU INVENTORY (30.5 KG OF URANIUM WITH 93 PERCENT ENRICHMENT AND 10.1 KG URANIUM WITH 45 PERCENT

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UNCLASSIFIED

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9 08/26/92 092955 PRINTER: HI 92 STATE 199759 UNCLASSIFIED 9NRICHMENT) IN THE_ FORM OF UNCLAD ALLOYED COUPONS AND A LUM I NU M-CL A D ALLOY PLATES.

THESE M ATERI ALS HAVE VIRTUALLY NO BURNUP ~AND NO BURNUP.IS ANTICIPATED OVER THEIR LIFETIME.

WE UNDERSTA ND THAT. PUCH OF THIS INVENTORY IS NO LONGER NEEDED FJR CURRENT.OR FORESEEN UPERIMEMTS.

WE WOULD APPPECIATE A LIST WHICH IDENTIFIES THE USE OF THE HEU uATERIALS THAT ARE STILL NEECED AND A LIST OF THE HEU MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO LJNGER NEEDED.

6.

DROCESSOR KANDA'S POSITION UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 05 STATE 199TSB 231341Z DURING A RECENT VISIT TO WASHINGTON, PROF. KANDA EXPLAINE) THAT THE UNIVERSITY HAD BEEN INSTRUCTED BY THE 30J NCT TD RESPOND TO THE ARGONNE QUESTIONS, BEC AUSE SUCH CUESTIONS SHOULD BE HANDLED ON A.

i GOVERNMENT-TO-GOVERNMENT BASIS.

SPEAKING INFORMALLY REGARDING THE ANL.CUESTIONS, KANDA SAID THAT:

A.

THE JAPANESE DID NOT WANT TO CONTINUE USING THE HEU IN THE <UR BECAUSE THEY HAD COMMITTED TO CONVERT THE REACTOR TO LOW ENRICHED URANIUM IN THE NEAR FUTURE.

B.

ELEN21NG DOWN W AS NOT FEASIBLE IN JAP AN BECAUSE NO FUEL FA 3RIC ATOR WAS CURRENTLY LICENSED TC 00 SUCH WORK AND RELICENSING WOULD TRIGGER THE REQUIREMENT FOR EXPENSIVE RETROFITTING OF PLANTS TO MEET-NEW 10J SAFETY STANDARJ5.

C. THE C3J IS RELUCTANT TO CONTEHPLATE TRANSFERRING THE M ATERI AL TO FRANCE OR THE U.S. FOR BLENDING DOWN TO' LEU AND RETURN OR REPLACEMENT WITH LEU BECAUSE OF THE COSTS, PHYSICAL PROTECTION CONCERNS AND DIFFICULTY WITH USG APPROVAL FOR SUCH TRANSFERS.

C. THE JAPANESE BELIEVE THAT BLEND-DOWN TO 19.9 PERCENT IS NOT FEASIBLE SINCE THE HEU WOULD HAVE TO BE CONVERTED TO SILICIDE FORM IN ORDER TO BE FABRICATED IN HIGH ENDUGH DENSITY TO MEET THE LEU FUEL REQUIREMENTS OF THE KYOTO UNIVERSITY RESEARCH REACTORS.

UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 06 STATE 199758 231341Z

?. REQUEST FOR EMBASSY ACTION IT APPEARS THAT THE G0J MAY HAVE DECIDED THAT USE IN THE KUCA AN) FOR SAMPLES IS THE ONLY FEASIBLE OPTION FOR THE

. REMAINING KUHFR HEU.

EMBASSY IS REQUESTED TO'ASK THE G0J TO RESPOND THE DOE /ARGONNE QUESTIONS AND SUGGESTIONS REG ARDI.NG OPTI CNS OF EITHER CONTINUING TO CONSUME THE HEU' IN <Y3TO UNIVERSITY'S RESEARCH REACTORS OR TO BLEND UNCLASSIFIED

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08/26/92 092955 PR I '4T E R : HI 92 STATE 199758 UNCLASSIFIED THE MATERIAL DOWN TO A LOWER ENRICHWENT FOR.SUCH USE. BAKdR UNCLASSIFIED t

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08/26/92.093013 PRINTER: HI

'92 TOKYO ~11426 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 01 TOKYO 11426 01 0F 03 170825Z ACTION DES-09 INFO-LOG-00 AC3A-15 AID-01 CEA-01 CEQ-01 CIAE-00 COME-03 CTME-00 OINT-05 00DE 00EE-00 EAP-01 EB-01 E-01 CRB-01 H-01 INRE-00 INR-01 JUSE-00 L-03 A05-0:

NSAE-00 NSCE-00 DMB-01 GPIC-08 PM-01 PRS-01 SNP-01 SP-31 55-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 USIE-00 EPAE-00

/075W

-- ---- - - -- -- - - -- -- 4 B B C D C IT1949Z /72 R 170826Z JUL 92 CM AMEMBASSY TOKYO TO SECSTATE WASHDC 96S9 UNCLAS'SECTION 01 0F 03 TOKYO 11426 DEPT ALSO FOR CES/NEC - C.THCRNE E.O..12356: N/A TAGS: KNNP, KSCA, TRGY, ENRG, SENV, JA, US SUBJ: (REPORT) KYOTO UNIVERSITY'S END USE OF HIGHLY ENRICHE3 URANIUM REF: STATE 199758 1.

SUMMARY

AND ACTION REQUEST.

KYOTO UNIVEPSITY'S CIRST PREFERENCE IS TO BURN THE HEU FUEL IN THE KUR; ITS SECOND IS TO USE THE FUEL IN THE KUCA; AND ITS THIRD IS i

TO-STORE THE FUEL.

IN ANY EVENT, THE UNIVERSITY WOULO LIKE TO 03 WITH THE HEU WHAT THE USG WISHES, AND BELIEVED THE WATTER HAD BEEN SETTLE 3 BY THE END OF 1990.

OES/NEC OFFICIALS REPORTEDLY HAVE SAID SEVERAL UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 TOKYO 11426 01 0F 03 170825Z TIMES NOT TO SEND HEU METAL OUTSIDE JAPAN.

OR.-KANDA STRONGLY OESIRES TO MEET WITH OES/NEC THORNE BEFORE THE SEPTEMBER 27, FIFTEENTH RERTR MEETING IN COPENHAGEN, AND SUGGESTS SEPTEMBER 18.

EMBASSY REQUESTS CONFIRMATION OF THE MEETING DATE.

END

SUMMARY

9ACKGROUND 2.

REFTEL ADVISED THAT KYOTO UNIVERSITY HAD REQUESTED USNRC APPROVAL FOR A CHANGE IN END-USE FOR 22.735 KILOGRAMS OF U-235 IN 24.4 KILOGRAHS ENRICHED TO A MAXIMUM OF 93.17 PERCENT.

THE MATERIAL, CURRENTLY STORED AT KYOTO UNIVERSITY, IS THE REMAINDER OC AN EXPORT IN THE EARLY 19805 CF 39.111 KILOGRAMS OF U-235 IN 41 979 KILOGRAMSOF URANIUM FOR THE INITIAL CORE OF THE KYOTO UNIVERSITf HIGH FLUX REACTOR (KUHCR).

OF THE j

41.979 KILOGRAWS OF HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM-(HEU),

17.578 KILOGRAMS WEDE USED WITH U.S.

GOVERNMENT CONSENT

-IN SEVERAL TRANCHES FOR THE KYOTO UNIVER SITY RE ACTOR i

(KUR).

KYOTO UNIVERSITY NOW PROPOSES TO USE 22.002 KILOGRAMS OF THE REMAINING HEU FOR EXPERIMENTS IN THE KYOTO UNIVERSITY CRITICAL ASSEMBLY (KUCA) AND 2 398 UNCLASSIFIED

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l 08/26/92 093013 PRINTER: HI 42 TOKYO,ll426 UNCLASSIFIED LKILOGRAMS FOR EXPERIMENTAL SAHPLES.

3.. AFT ER RECEIVING REFTEL, ESTOFF PROVIDED MDF A' S NUCLEAR ENERGY DIVISION ON JUNE 25 THE REFTEL QUESTIONS CN KYOTO UNIVERSITY'S REQUEST TO CHANGE THE END-USE OF ITS HIGHLY ENRICHED UR ANIUM, EXPLAINING THAT THE U.S.

UNDERSTOOD THAT THE G0J WANTED THE QUESTIONS AND ANSWEDS 4

TO BE HANDLED ON A GOVERNMENT-TC-GOVERNMENT BASIS.

UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED e

PAGE 03 TOKYO 11426 D1 GF 03 IT0825Z SUBSEQUENTLY, MR. TAKAO KURAMDCHI, WFO HAD RECENTLY RETURNED FROM THE JADANESE EMBASSY IN WASHINGTON TO 3E DEPUTY DIRECTOR OF THE ATOMIC ENERGY BUREAU'S POLICY 71 VISION IN THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY, VISITED ESTOFF ON JULY 6 AND EXPLAINED THAT THE GCJ, IN FACT, 3

CIO NOT REQUIRE TH AT THE QUESTIONS BE ASKED / ANSWERED ON A GOV EQNMENT-TO-GOV ERNMENT B ASI S.

KURAMDCHI SAID HE HAD SEEN INVOLVED WITH THIS MATTER nHILE IN WASHINGTON, AND EXPL AINED THAT END-US E CH ANGES H AD BEEN NEEDED BECAUSE THE KUHFR HAD NOT BEEN BUILT.

HE ASSURED ESTOFF HE WOULD DISCUSS THE E ND-U S E CUESTIONS WITH OR. KEIJI KANDA, ASSOCI ATE PROFESSOR IN KYOTO UNIVERSITY'S RESEARCH REACTOR INSTITUTE AND THE MAN IN CHARGE OF THE HEU USE, AND TH AT THE U.S. WOULD H AVE A REPLY VERY SOON.

4 ON JULY 15, DR. K AND A VISITED ESTOFF AND PROVIDED THE FOLLOWING INFORMATICN.

HE SAID HE HAD MET WITH ST AT E, DOE, ANL, ACDA, USNRC, AND OTHER OFFICIALS OURING THE PAST FEW YEARS ON THIS VERY ISSUE -- THE END-USE OF THE HEU -- WHICH HAD ALREADY BEEN SETTLED, AND WAS ASTONISHED THAT THESE QUESTIONS STILL WERE BEING ASKED.

HE SAID JAPAN WAS SIMPLY TRYING TO DO WHAT THE U.S.

AND JAPAN DISCUSSED.

i S.

DR. KANDA HAD RECEIVED THE JANUARY 14 L ETTER FROM ANL'S J.E.

M ATOS ASKING THE QUESTIONS REPE ATED REFTEL.

HE MET WITH HATOS AND TWO OTHER ANL OFFICIALS ON JANUARY 22 TO RESPOND TO THE QUESTIONS, BUT FOUND REGRETTABLY THAT THE CONDUCT OF TWO OF THE THREE ANL OFFICI ALS M ADE THE MEETING MOSTLY POLEMICAL RATHER THAN SCIENTIFIC.

SUBSEQUENTLY, THIS P AST H AY 18, DES /NEC ROBERT SENSENEY UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 04 TOKYO 11426 01 OF 03 ITOS25Z AND ROSIN DELABARRE, AND'DCE'S 5. CEJ A TOLD HIM, DR.

KANDA SAID, THAT HE DID NOT NEED TO ANSWER THE LETTER BEC AUSE IT WAS NOT CLEARED AND ONLY CONFUSED THE ISSUE THAT HAD BEEN SETTLED BY THE END OF 1990.

HE WAS VERY SURPRISED WHEN HE SAW THE FIRST LINE OF REFTEL NENTIONING AGAIN THE USE OF HEU IN THE KUR.

HE WAS DISAPPOINTED THAT THE DEPARTMENT GF ST ATE HAD SENT THE UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED

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CTME-00 DINT-05 DDDE-00 00EE-00 EAD-01 EE-01 2-01 FRB-01 H-01 INRE-30 INR-01 JUSE-03 L-03 AOS-00 NSAE-00 N SC E-00 DMB-01 OPIC-08 PM-01 PRS-01 SNP-al SP-01 55-01 STR-20 TRSE-00 USIE-03 EPAE-00

/075.

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4BBE2A 171952Z /64 R 170826Z JUL 92

• AMEMBASSY TOKY3 TC SECSTATE WASHDC 9690 UNCLAS SECTION 02 0F 03 TOKYO 11426 3EPT ALSO FOR DES /NEC - C.THORNE E.O. 12356: N/A TAGS: KNNP, KSCA, TRGY, ENRG, SENV, JA, US SUBJ: (REPORT) KYOTO UNIVERSITY'S END USE OF HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM y

TELEGRAM ASKING THESE SAME QUESTIONS, AND CJULON'T IMAGINE WHO HAD CLEARED THE TELEGR AM.

ANSWERS TO SPECIFIC QUESTIONS 6.

THE TELEGRAM SAID THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ASKED WHY KYOTO UNIVER SITY DOES NOT PROPOSE TO CONTINUE BURNING UP THE HEU AS FUEL FOR THE. KYOTO UNIVERSITY REACTOR (KUR)?

i UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 TOKYO 11426 02 0F 03 170826Z OR. MANDA SAID THAT SUCH USE WAS THE FIRST PREFERENCE FOR THE UNIVERSITY, SUT AS FAR BACK AS 1987, MR. COLTON i

(THEN OF ACDA, NOW WITH THE'IAEA) HAD VISITED THE KYOTO AND SAID UNIVERSITY RESEARCH RE ACTOR INSTITUTE (KURRI) _ KYOTO THAT SUCH USE SHOULD BE ENDED.

IN MARCH 1988, UNIVERSITY AGREED TO FOLLOW THE U.S. SUGGESTION AND SAID THAT IT WOULD DO SO AFTER THE FOURTH TRANCHE OF FUEL FOR KUR WAS USED (DURING THE 1991-93 PERIOD).

IN 1989, KYOTO UNIVERSITY WAS TOLD BY DES THORNE AND DEL ABARRE i

THAT THE FOURTH TR ANCHE WAS THE L AST ONE TH AT WOULD BE APPROVED FOR USE AS FUEL FOR THE KUR.

BECAUSE OF THAT, KYOTO UNIVERSITY BELIEVED THAT IT COULD NO LONGER SURN THE HEU AS FUEL IN THE KUR AND THEREFORE HAS NOT APPLIED CDR THAT AS AN END-USE FOR THE HEU.

7 DR. KANDA STATED THAT IT WOULD BE WONDEP FUL IF THE USG WOULD PERMIT THE KUR TO BURN THE HEU FUEL AS THAT IS THE UNIVERSITY'S FIPST CHDICE FOR THE HEU EN3 USE.

CONSIDERING THE ISSUE OF NONPROLIFERATION, 3R. KANDA SAID, THE UNIVERSITY HAS BELIEVED AND STILL BELIEVES THAT BURNING UP THE HEU IN THE KUR IS THE BEST WAY TO 7ISPCSE OF THE METAL.

HEU FUEL FOR THE KUR CAN BE F ABRIC ATED BY THE NUCLEAR FUEL INDUSTRY FACILITY NEXT 3/

UNCLASSIFIED-

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08/26/92 093013 PRINTER: HI t

92 TOKYO.11426 i

UNCLASSIFIED DOOR T3 KURRI, 30TH OF WHICH ARE CONSIDERED BY-THE t

UNITED STATES-TO' BE EXC ELLENT. PHYSIC AL PROTECTION.

CACILITIES.

ESTOFF ADVISED DR. KANDA THAT THIS ANSWER SEEMS DIFFERENT FROM THE ANSWER HE GAVE IN WASHINGTON (REFTEL PARA 6 A)..

DR. KANDA INDICATED THAT THE REFTEL

1. EPORT WAS NOT EXACTLY CORRECT.

HE REPLIED THAT THE UNIVERSITY WILL CONVERT THE KUR TO LEU IN THE NEAR SUTURE, AND DOES NOT DL AN T3 CONTINUE USIr.G THE HEU'IN UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASLIFIED PAGE 03 TOKYO 11426 02 OF 03 170826Z T

THE KUR BECAUSE U.S. AND INTERNATIONAL OPINION WOULD NOT ALLOW IT, NOT BECAUSE OF THE PLANNED CONVERSIGN.

IF THE USG WILL ALLOW THE KUR TO BURN THE HEU, THAT'S WHAT WILL

~

HAPPEN AND THE CONFUSION WILL BE AT AN END, HE INDICATED.

i 9.

ANL'S J.E. M ATOS A SKED, IN THE LETTER TO OR. KANDA, WHETHER THE HEU COULD 3E BLENDED DOWN IN J AD AN TO 19.9 DERCENT E N R IC H"E N T ?

GR. KANDA SAIC THE SIMDLE ANSWER IS NO.

HE SAID IT IS IMDDSSIBLE IN JAPAN BECAUSE THERE ARE NO CACILITIES TO 00 S0.

IF THE FUEL W AS SLENDED DOWN, HE SAID, THE KUR CAN USE HIGH DENSITY SILICIDE LEU FUEL, AS CAN THE KUCA C CORE.

BUT SILICIDE FUEL CANNOT BE USED IN THE KUCA A AND B CORES, BEC AUSE THEIR FUEL IS IN THE FORM OF A " NAKED COUPON PLATE" AND THE SILICIDE FUEL "NEEDS CLADDING."

9.

MATOS ALSO ASKED WHETHER THE HEU METAL COULD BE ALLOYED IN JAPAN AND THEN SHIPPED TO CERCA (FRANCE) OR THE REW (U.S.) FOR REPLACEMENT WITH AN ECUIVALENT AMOUNT OF LEU?

09 KANDA SAID THAT OES/NEC THORNE AND SENSENEY HAD S EVEP AL TIMES VERY EMPHATICALLY SAID NOT TO SEND THE HEU METAL DUTSIDE JAPAN.

.THAT WAS A SUFFICIENT ANSWER FOR JAPAN, OR. KANDA SAID, AND HE HOPED IT WAS SUFFICIENT FOR ANL.

FURTHER, DR. KANDA WONDERED, EVEN IF JAPAN WOULD ALLOY THE HEU, WHO WOULD PAY TO DO IT -

CERT AINLY NOT ANYONE IN J AP AN, HE SAID.

A ND EV EN IF IT

~

WA S D ON E, HE SAID, THE U.S. MIGHT REFUSE PERMISSION FOR IT TO BE SHIPPED.

DR. KANDA SAID THE COMPARISON MADE IN THE LETTER BETWEEN JAERI'S SHIPPING OF SCRAP TO FRANCE IN 1990 WITH THE IDEA 0F SHIPPING ALLOYED HEU MET AL TO FRANCE / USA WAS NOT VALID.

ALTHOUGH THE RECOVERY UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 04 TOKYO 11426 02 OF D3 170826Z TECHNIOUE COR SCRAP AND ALLOYED METAL IS ESSENTIALLY AND PHYSICALLY THE SAME, HE SAID, AND THERE IS NO REAL DHYSICAL DIFFERENCE SETWEEN THE TWO PRODUCTS, IF MATERIAL IS "JUST SC R AP," IT IS FAR EASIER FOR THAT MATERIAL TO TRANSIT U.S. TERRITORY IN COMPLI ANCE WITH U.S. LAWS.

10. THE THIRD QUESTION IN THE LETTER W AS HOW WOULD THE I

HEU 3E USED IN THE KUCA DR. KANDA ANSWERED THIS UNCLASSIFIED

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UNCLASSIFIED

-00ESTION 'WITH 1HE FCLLOWING STORY.

HE SAID THAT AFTER THE U.S.

S AI D NO MORE AP PROV ALS WOULD 3E GIVEN FOR THE HEU TD SE USED AS FUEL FOR THE KUR, JAPAN OREW UP 32 DOSSISLE USES FOR THE HEU.

DISCUSSIGNS WITH G3J 9FFICIALS. NARROWED THE LIST TO 10 OR 50.

FINALLY, D R. -

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08/26/92 093014 PRINTER: HI 92 TOKYD 11426 UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED DAGE C1 TOKYO 11426 03 0F 03 170826Z ACTION DES-09 INFO L O G- 00 ACDA-15 AID-01 CEA-01 CEQ-01 CIAE-00 COME-00 CTME-00 DINT-05 D3DE-00 DDEE-00 EAP-01 EB-01 E-31 FRB-01 H-01 I N RE-0 0 INR-01 JUSE-00 L-03 A05-30 NSAE-00 NSCE-00 093-01 OPIC-08 PM-01 PRS-01 SNP-01 SP-01 55-01 STR-20 TRSE-30 USIE-03 EPAE-OJ

/075n

--43SDEC 171950Z /72 R 170826Z JUL 92 CM AMEMSASSY T OKYO TO SECSTATE WASHDC 9691 UNCLAS SECTION 03 OF 03 TOKYO 11426 i

OEPT ALSO FOR OES/NEC - C.THORNE E.D. 12356: N/A TAGS: KNNP, KSCA, TRGY, ENRG, SENV, JA, US SUBJ: (REPORT) KYOTO UNIVEDSITY'S END USE OF HIGHLY NRICHED URANIUM

<ANDA SAID,.OES/NEC THCRNE RECOMMENDED THAT AMONG SEVER AL ODTIONS THE HEU FUEL SHOULD BE USED IN THE KUCA.

D9. KANDA SAID JAPAN WOULD AGREE, AND W3ULD SEEK CUNDS FROM THE MINISTRY OF FINANCE TO MAKE THE CONVERSION; MOF BUDGETED THE FUNDS FOR DIS 3URSEMENT

'EGINNING THIS PAST APRIL.

KYOTO UNIVERSITY INFORMED THE USNRC IN DECEMBER 1990 THAT THE HEU FUEL WOULD BE USED AS FUEL FOR THE KUCA A,

B, AND C CORE S.

IN JULY 1991, THE USHRC WAS PROVIDED A DRAFT CHECKLIST FOR USE UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 02 TO<YO 11426 03 0F 03 170826I AND AN INVENTORY OF THE HEU FUEL.

IN JULY AND AUGUST 1991, DR. KANDA VISITED THE UNITED STATES AND MET WITH STATE, DOE, NRC AND OTHER USG OFFICIALS TO EXPLAIN THE PROPOS ED USE.

SINCE IT WAS A U.S.

SUGGESTION IN THE FIRST PLACE, AND SINC E J AP AN H AD MA DE SEVER AL WRITTEN AND VERSAL EXPLANATIONS OF THE USE, DR. KANDA WONDERED WHY THE QUESTION WAS STILL BET.NG ASKED.

IF THE USS NOW WAS NOT GOING TO APPROVE THE USE, AND IF THE U.S.

WOULD NOT APPROVE USING THE HEU A5 KUR FUEL, DR. KANDA SAID KYOTO UNIVERSITY WOULD JUST STORE THE HEU AT ITS FRESH FUEL STORAGE FACILITY (KUFFS) AND NOT SPEND THE MONEY THAT MCF HAS BUDGETED.

j

11. THE FINAL QUESTIONS WERE

-WHAT ARE THE CURRENT AND FORESEEN USES OF THE PRESENT KUCA INVENTORY?

-C AN THE HEU ALLOY COUPONS AND PLATES THAT ARE NO LONGER NEEDEO BE SHIPPED TO CERCA OR BCW FOR THE RECOVERY OF THE HEU AND FABRIC ATION INTO LEU PLATES?

OR PART A,

OR. KANDA SAID THAT THE UNIVER SITY C3NTINUES i

TO USE THE HEU FUEL, AND WILL NEED FOR BASIC RESEARCH

' ALL KINDS OF FUEL (HEU, MEU, LEU, NU) THAT MIGHT BE UNCLASSIFIED

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PART B HE SAID HE HAD ALREADY ANSWERED.

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'2EQUE ST FOR MEETING

12. IN LIGHT OF ALL THIS CONFUSION JVER ThIS ISSUE, DA.

KANDA WJN3ERED WHETHER KYOTO UNIVERSITY AND ANL SHOULO CONTINUE THEIR COOPERATION IN THE REDUCED ENRICHMENT FOR RESE ARCd AND TEST RE ACTORS (RERTR) PROGR A?t.

(DR. KANDA UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED PAGE 33 TOKYO 11425 03 OF 03 170826Z SAID THAT KYOTO UNIVERSITY AND ANL BEGAN AN RERTR JOINT iTUDY PROGRAM IN M AY 197 8, SINCE THIS W AS REQUIRED BY f

THE DED4RTMENT OF STATE AND ERDA, DOE'S PREDECESSOR, IN ORDER F3R JAPAN TO RECEIVE THE HEU EXPDRT LICENSE FOR THE KUHFR.)

HE H AD BEEN MODER ATOR AT THE JAKARTA RERTR MEETING LAST NOVEMBER.

DR. KANDA CONSIDERS 'IT VERY URGENT TH AT HE MEET WITH OES/NEC C ARL THORNE BEFORE T4E RERTR VEETING IN CODENHAGEN SEPTEMBER 27 TO DISCUSS THESE ATTERS.

DR. KANDA SAID HE WOULD PREFER TO MEET WITH THORNE CN SEPTEMBER 18.

EMBASSY RECUESTS DEPARTMENT ADVISE WHETHER THAT IS ACCEPTABLE.

ARMACOST UNCLASSIFIED i

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(17/21/92 10:21 C202 647 0776 OES/ SAT 2002 l

INITIAL 5 APPRI RD DRAFT:

RD OTHER:

PH UNCLASSIFIED 6THER:

CT Ej_

QTHER NM U__

CES/NEC: RRDELABARRE:RRD OTHER:

W5 EH__

D7/20/92 bS7 2245 EAP/J:JSCOTT OTHER:

GB Ii__

EAP/J:PHANIGAN;0ES/NEC:CTHORNE DOE /DP:NMARTIN ACDA:W5 TERN D0D:6BRUBAKER DES /NEP:EBUSICK 5/NP:TSNELL NRC:RHAUBER D0E/AN:5CEJA PRIORITY TOKYO FOR DOE AND SCIENCE E.O. 12356:

N/A TA65:

KNNP, K5CA, TRGY, JA

SUBJECT:

KY0TO UNIVERSITY REQUEST TO CHANGE END-USE OF HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM REF:

A.

TOKYO 11426, B. STATE 199758 1.

EMBASSY 15 REGUESTED TO PAIS FOLLOWING TO APPROPRIATE 60J AUTHORITIES AND TO DR. KANDA 0F KY0TO UNIVERSITY IN HLhPONSE TO QUESTIONS RAISED REF A.

2. NOTUITHSTANDING VIEW 5 THAT MAY HAVE BEEN EXPRESSED IN THE PAST BY INDIVIDUALS, THE PREFERRED U.S GOVERNMENT POSITION FOR THE NEAR-TERM DISP 051 TION OF THE KY0TO UNIVERSITY HIGHLY ENRICHED URANIUM {HEU) 15 TO USE THE MATERIAL A5 FUEL IN THE KY0TO UNIVERSITY REACTOR (KUR).

3. U.S.

GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, INCLUDING CONCERNED-EXECUTIVE BRANCH AGENCIES AND THE NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION ARE PREPANLD TO AUTHORIZE AT THIS TIME THE USE OF UP TO 5 KILOGRAMS OF THE RENAINING KYOTO UNIVERSITY HEU F0K USL IN THE KUR AND TO CONSIDER FUTURE REQUESTS FOR USE OF THE ADDITIONAL TRANCHES-OF THIS HEU FOR THE KUR.

UNCLASSIFIED

07(21/92 20:21 C202 647 0776 OES/ SAT ~

0003-tjNCLA5SIFIED 2

N.

EMBAShY MAY CONVEY SUBITANCE OF PARA 3 IN THE FORM 0F A LETTER TO DR. KANDA UlTH COPIES TO INTERESTED 60J Utf1CIAL5.

NRC WILL ALSO INFORM U.S. APPLICANT, NIS5HO-IWAI AMERICAN CORPORATION OF THE DECISION.

5 OE!/NLL DIRECTOR CARLTON THORNE WOULD BE HAPPY 70 SEE DR. KANDA O tt SEPTEMBER 16, GUT IN VILW OF FOREG0ING DECISION, MEETING MAY NOT BE NECESSARY.

YY UNCLASSIFIED

,