Text

1981 Annual Environ Rept Nonradiological, Vol 1
	ML20050B549
Person / Time
Site:	Beaver Valley
Issue date:	03/29/1982
From:	; DUQUESNE LIGHT CO.
To:	;
Shared Package
ML20050B546	List: ML20050B545; ML20050B549;
References
	NUDOCS 8204060032
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Lis t of Figures....................... v Lis t of Ta bles....................... vi I. INTRODUCTION...................... 1 II.

SUMMARY

AND CONCLUS'ONS............... 7 III. ANALYSIS OF SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE 11 IV. MONITORING NON-RADIOLOGICAL EFFLUENTS....... 12 MONITORING CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS......... 12 HERBICIDES 19 V. MONITORING PROGR AM.................. 21 A. AQ U ATIC....................... 21 B. BENTHOS....................... 24 I Objectives 24 Methods 24 Habitats 24 I Community Structure and Spatial Distribution..... 26 Comparison of Control and Non-Control Stations 35 Comparison of Preoperational and Operational Data 35 Summary and Conclusions.............. 38 C. PHYTOPLANKTON 40 Objectives 40 I Methods 40 Seasonal Distribution................ 40 Comparison of Control and Non-Control Transects... 47 Comparison of Preoperational and Operational Data 47 I Summary and Conclusions.............. 49 D. ZOOPLANKTON.................... 52 I Objectives 52 M 2thods 52 Seasonal Distribution................ 52 Comparison of Control and Non-Control Transects... 61 I Comparison of Preoperational and Operational Data 61 Summary and Conclusions.............. 63 E I I ..11 I

E ) TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page E. FISH 64 O bj ec ti ve..................... 64 I Methods 64 R es ul ts...................... 66 Comparison of Control and Non-Control Transects. 72 I Comparison of Preoperational and Operational Data 72 Summary and Conclusions.............. 75 F. ICHTHYOPLANKTON 76 I Objective. 76 Methods 76 R es ul ts...................... 76 I Comparison of Preoperational and Operational Data 81 Summary and Conclusions.............. 81 G. FISH IMPINGEMENT (ETS Reference 3.1.3.7) 83 I O bj ective..................... 83 Methods 83 R es ul ts...................... 83 i Comparison of Impinged and River Fish........ 88 Comparison of Operating and Non-Operating Intake Bay Collections.............. 88 Summary and Conclusions.............. 93 H. PLANKTON ENTRAINMENT 96 1. Ichthyoplankton.................. 96 I O bj ecti ve.................... 96 Methods 96 Results.. 96 Seasonal Distribution............... 100 I Spatial Distribution 101 Summary and Conclusions............. 101 2. Phytoplankton................... 102 O bj ec ti ve.................... 102 Methods 102 I Comparison of Entrainment and River Samples.... 102 Summary and Conclusions............. 103 l 3. Zooplankton.................... 103 O bj ecti ve.................... 103 Methods 103 Comparison of Entrainment and River Samples.... 103 Summary and Conclusions............. 104 1 l

I l

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l TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Page VI. REFERENCES....................... 105 VII. APPENDIX Assessment of Environmental Impact Relative to Elevated I Discharge Temperatures, Beaver Valley Power Station, July,1981. 1 I I I I I I lI l I I I I I I iV I

I LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1-1 VIEW OF THE BEAVER VALLEY AND SHIPPINGPORT POW ER STATIONS.................... 2 I-2 LOCATION OF STUDY AREA, BEAVER VALLEY POWER STATION, SHIPPINGPORT, PENNSYLVANIA 3 I-3 OHIO RIVER DISCHARGE AND TEMPERATURE, RECORDED AT EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO. BY THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY W ATER SANITATION COMMISSION,1981 5 IV-1 RIVER INTAKE AND DISCHARGE IN OHIO RIVER SHIPPINGPORT AND BEAVER VALLEY POWER STATIONS.. 13 IV-2 W ATER FLOW SCHEMATIC-BEAVER VALLEY POW E R ST ATIO N.................... 14 V-A-1 SAMPLING TRANSECTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE BEAVER VALLEY AND SHIPPINGPORT POWER STATIONS...... 22 V-B-1 BENTHOS SAMPLING STATIONS, BVPS........... 25 V-B-2 PERCENT COMPOSITION OF THE BENTHOS COMMUNITY IN THE OHIO RIVER DURING PREOPERATIONAL AND I OPERATIONAL YEARS, BVPS............... 36 V-C-1 SEASONAL PATTERNS OF PHYTOPLANKTON DENSITIES IN THE OHIO RIVER DURING PREOPERATIONAL AND OPERATION AL YEARS, BVPS............... 43 V-C-2 PHYTOPLANKTON GROUP DENSITIES FOR ENTRAINMENT I SA M P L ES, 1981, BV PS.................. 48 V-D-1 SEASONAL PATTERNS OF ZOOPLANKTON DENSITIES IN THE I OHIO RIVER DURING PREOPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL Y EA RS, BV PS...................... 53 I V-D-2 ZOOPLANKTON GROUP DENSITIES FOR ENTRAINMENT S A M P L ES, 19 81, BV PS.................. 58 V-E-1 FISH SAMPLING STATIONS, BVPS............. 65 V-F-1 ICHTHYOPLANKTON SAMPLING STATIONS, BVPS 77 V-G-1 INTAKE STRUCTURE, BVPS 84 I I I

I LIST OF TABLES Table Page I-l OHIO RIVER DISCHARGE AND TEMPERATURE, RECORDED AT EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO, BY THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY I W ATER SANITATION COMMISSION,1981.......... 6 IV-1 BEAVER VALLEY POW ER STATION - HERBICIDES USED, 1981. 20 V-A-1 AQUATIC PROGRAM MONITORING SAMPLING DATES, 19 81, B V PS....................... 23 V-B-1 SYSTEMATIC LIST OF MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN PREOPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL YEARS IN THE OHIO RIVER NEAR BVPS............... 27 V-B-2 MEAN NUMBER OF MACROINVERTEBRATES AND PERCENT COMPOSITION OF OLIGOCHEATA, CHIRONOMIDAE, MOLLUSCA AND OTHER ORGANISMS,1981, BVPS 32 V-B-3 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE DENSITIES, MEAN OF TRIPLICATE FOR BACK CHANNEL AND DUPLICATE SAMPLES I COLLECTED IN THE MAIN CHANNEL, OHIO RIVER, M AY 12,1981, BVPS........... 33 V-B-4 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE DENSITIES, MEAN OF I TRIPLICATE FOR BACK CHANNEL AND DUPLICATE SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE MAIN CHANNEL, OHIO RIVER SEPTEMBER 22, 1981, BV PS................ 34 V-B-3 MEAN DIVERSITY VALUES FOR BENTHIC MACRO-INVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER 19 81, BV PS....................... 37 V-B-6 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE DENSITIES FOR STATION 1 AND STATION 2B DURING PREOPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL YEARS, BVPS... 39 V-C-1 MONTHLY PHYTOPLANKTON GROUP DENSITIES AND

g PERCENT COMPOSITION FOR ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES g

19 81, BV PS....................... 41 V-C-2 PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY INDICES BY MONTH FOR

g l

ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES,1981, BVPS........... 44 lg !I I I Vi I L

I I LIST OF TABLES (Continued) I Table Page V-C-3 DENSITIES OF MOST ABUNDANT PHYTOPLANKTON TAXA COLLECTED FROM ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES. JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER 1981, BVPS 45 V-C-4 PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY INDICES, NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, BVPS............. 50 I V-D-1 MONTHLY ZOOPLA ]KTON GROUP DENSITIES AND PERCENT COMPOSITION FOR ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES COLLECTED, 19 81, BV PS....................... 54 V-D-2 MEAN ZOOPLANKTON DENSITIES BY MONTH 1973 THROUGH 1981, OHIO RIVER AND BVPS.......... 56 I V-D-3 DENSITIES OF MOST ABUNDANT IOOPLANKTON TAXA COLLECTED FROM ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES, JANUARY THROUGH DECEMBER 1981, BVPS 59 V-D-4 ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY INDICES BY MONTH FOR ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES,1981, BVPS........... 60 I V-D-5 MEAN ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY INDICES BY MONTH FROM 1973 THROUGH 1981 IN THE OHIO RIVER N EA R BV PS....................... 62 V-E-1 FAMILIES AND SPECIES OF FISH COLLECTED IN THE NEW l CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 1970 THROUGH 1981, BVPS................ 67 lI l V-E-2 NUMBER OF FISH COLLECTED BY GILL NET, ELECTROFISHING, AND MINNOW TRAP AT I TRANSECTS IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POCL OF THE OHIO RIVER,1981, BVPS............... 69 i V-E-3 ' NUMBER OF FISH COLLECTED PER MONTH BY GILL NET, ELECTROFISHING, AND MINNOW TRAP IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER,1981, BVPS... 70 V-E-4 NUMBER OF FISH COLLECTED BY GILL NET, ELECTROFISHING, AND MINNOW TR 'n AT TRANSECTS IN THE l NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER,1981, BVPS., 71 I I I Vii I

I I LIST OF TABLES (Continued) V-E-5 ELECTROFISHING CATCH, MEANS AT TRANSECTS IN THE I NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 1974 THROUGH 1981, BVPS................ 73 I V-E-6 GILL NET CATCH, MEANS AT TRANSECTS IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 1974 THROUGH 1981, BVPS................ 74 V-F-1 NUMBER AND DENSITY OF FISH EGGS, LARVAE, JUVENILES, AND ADULTS COLLECTED WITH A 0.5m PLANKTON NET IN THE OHIO RIVER BACK CHANNEL OF PHILLIS ISLAND NEAR BVPS,1981........... 78 V-F-2 DENSITY OF ICHTHYOPLANKTON COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER BACK CHANNEL OF PHILLIS ISLAND I NEAR BVPS,1973 THROUGH 1974, 1976 TH ROUGH 1981................... 82 i V-G-1 FAMILIES AND SPECIES OF FISH COLLECTED DURING THE IMPINGEMENT SURVEYS,1976 THROUGH 19 81, B V P S....................... 85 V-G-2

SUMMARY

OF FISH COLLECTED IN IMPINGEMENT SURVEYS CONDUCTED FOR ONE 24 HOUR PERIOD PER W EEK D U RING 1981, BV PS................ 87 V-G-3

SUMMARY

OF IMPINGEMENT SURVEY DATA FOR 1981, BVPS. 89 I V-G-4

SUMMARY

OF FISH COLLECTED IN IMPINGEMENT SURVEYS,1976 THROUGH 1981, BVPS........... 91 V-G-5 NUMBER AND PERCENT OF ANNUAL TOTAL OF FISH I COLLECTED IN IMPINGEMENT SURVEYS AND IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 19 81, BV PS....................... 92 V-G-6

SUMMARY

OF INVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN l IMP!NGEMENT SURVEYS CONDUCTED FOR ONE 24 HOUR PERIOD PER W EEK 1981, BVPS.............. 94 V-H-1 NUMBER AND DENSITY OF FISH EGGS, LARVAE, JUVENILES AND ADULTS COLLECTED WITH A 0.5m l PLANKTON NET AT THE ENTRAINMENT RIVER TRANSECT IN THE OHIO RIVER NEAR BVPS,1981 97 l.3 I Viii I

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I INTRODUCTION This report presents a summary of the non-radiological environmental data collected by Duquesne Light Company (DLCo) during calendar year 1981, for the Beaver Valley Power Station (BVPS) Unit 1, Operating License No. DPR-66. This I study was initiated in the interest of providing a non-disruptive data base between BVPS Units 1 and 2. This is primarily an optional program, since the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on February 26, 1980, granted DLCo a request to delete all the aquatic monitoring program, with the exception of fish impingement (Amendment No. 25), from the Environrnental Technical Specifications (ETS). This report contains the requirements for the ETS (Reference 3.1.3.7) fish impingement and all the river data collected in 1981. I SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAM The objectives of the 1981 environmental program were: (1) to comply with Nuclear Regulatory Commission requirements (2) to review chemical releases and thermal discharges from the station to verify that they do not adversely affect public health or the natural environment (3) to assess the possible environmental impact to the plankton, benthos, fish and ichthyoplankton communities in the Ohio River and the impact due to impingement and entrainment as a result of plant operation, and (4) to establish long and short range programs based on data. SITE DESCRIPTION I BVPS is located on the south bank of the Ohio River in the Borough of Shippingport, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, on a 486.8 acre tract of larv' which is owned by Duquesne Light Company. The Shippingport Station shares the site with BVPS. Figure I-l shows a view of both stations. The site is approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) i from Midland, Pennsylvania; 5 miles (8 km) from East Liverpool, Ohio; and 25 miles (40 km) from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Figure I-2 shows the site location in I ~ I 1 I l

g a y a a m m m m m m M M M N M M m ,vu o . t. &- .x i I.)f s g, 2 SilIPPINGPORT P.S. ~ ~ 2 0 2 C r; .L 'iss' r-m ,p m$ 2m <g P bO 3 t 1, z i. En 2o -i E (s > 'O t-* > n] D ' '- r 5 O

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$h ,i. ~~ - _. _.\\,lgllh n I I Ol. . si .s. l FIGURE I-l VIEW OF Tile BEAVER VALLEY AND SilIPPINCPORT POWER STATIONS

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l SECTION I DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY e 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I relation to the principal populatien centers. Popaation density in the immediate vicinity of the site is relatively low. There are no residents within a 0.5 mile (0.8 I km) radius of either plant. The population within a 5 mile (8 km) radius of the plant is approximately 18,000 and the only area of concentrated population is the Nrough of Midland, Pennsylvania, which has a population of approximately 4,300. The site lies along the Ohio River in a valley which has a gradual slope extending from the river (elevation 665 f t or 203 m above sea level) to an elevation of 1,160 f t (354 m) along a ridge south of BVPS. Plant entrance elevation at the station is I approximately 735 f t (224 m) above sea level. The station is situated on the Ohio River at river mile 34.8, at a location on the New Cumberland Pool that is 3.3 river miles (5.3 km) downstream from Montgomery Lock and Dam and 19.4 miles (31.2 km) upstream from New Cumberland Lock and Dam. The Pennsylvania-Ohio-West Virginia border is 5.2 river miles (8.4 km) downstream from the site. The river flow is regulated by a series of dams and reservoirs on the Beaver, Allegneny, Monongahela and Ohio Rivers and their tributaries. Flow generally varies from 5,000 to 100,000 cubic feet per second (cfs). The range of flows in 1981 is shown in Figure I-3 (Table I-1). Ohio River temperatures generally vary from 32 to 82 F (0 to 28 C). Minimum and maximum temperatures generally occur in January and July / August, respectively. During 1981, minimum temperatures were observed in January and maximum temperatures in July (Figure I-3) (Table I-1). I BVPS has a thermal rating of 2,660 megawatts (Mw) and an electrical rating of 852 Mw. The circulating water system is a closed cycle system using a cooling tower to minimize heat released to the Ohio River. Commercial operation of BVPS Unit 1 began in 1976. I I I I 4 I

SECTION I DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 220 - 2g.O MAXIMUM DAILY AVERAGE II 16 0 - f I MONTHLY AVERAGE

MINIMUM DAILY AVERAGE g

g i \\ / \\ j 12 0 - l I / \\ / 1 f f 1/ V 1 / I n ~ l V \\ / O \\ / l \\ t ~ /\\ / 80 - 7 \\ / 4 5 l / O \\ E l I 1 / (\\ / 40 - I / g y ~ ~. \\.~. I O I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 80 - / g I / \\ ./ \\ / / \\ I 70-f \\ \\ e c. ,i y t \\ 60 - e / \\ o E ~ / / \\ I \\ ~~ W w 50 - j \\ l / N e 40 - / _/ I 30 I J l F l M I A IM l J lJ l A IS l 0 l N l O l 1981 FIGURE I-3 I OHIO RIVER DISCHARGE (Flow cfs) AND TEMPERATURE (OF), RECORDED AT EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO (MP 40.2) BY THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY WATER SANITATION COMMISSION (ORSANCO), 1931 g 5 i

M M M M M M M M M M M M e e m W W m W NO TABLE I-l dO2 (o ) RECORDED AT OHIO RIVER DISCHARGE (Flow cfs) AND TEMPERA'IURE F EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO (MP 40.2) BY THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY WATER SANITATION COMMISSION (ORSAICO) 1981 G Month J F M N Flow (cfs x 10 ) ~ A M J J A S O N D hO Z C Maximum Daily Average 39.0 219.0 106.0 146.0 113.0 142.0 39.0 28.0 54.0 87.0 61.0 120.0 ea Monthly Average 21.0 86.0 53.0 67.0 51.0 64.0 21.0 14.0 25.0 28.0 35.0 49.0 mz 2mf{ Minimum Daily Average 15.0 28.0 26.0 27.0 22.0 27.0 11.0 8.0 11.0 13.0 18.0 26.0 m O g (o ) $O F Temperature Z O Maximum Daily Value 38 50 51 60 69 75 82 80 81 67 54 42 $m r> yk Monthly Average 34 36 43 57 62 72 79 79 73 61 47 38 Minimum Daily Value 32 34 40 51 56 67 74 77 67 57 41 35

SECTION II DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT II.

SUMMARY

AND CONCLUSIONS The 1981 BVPS Unit I non-rndiological environmental monitoring program included surveillance of thermal and chemical effluents and Ohio River aquatic life. This is the sixth year of operational monitoring and, as in the previous operational I monitoring years, no evidence of adverse environmental impact to the Ohio River was observed. Thermal and chemical effluent raonitoring included measurement of temperature ' and free available chlorine at the outfall, pH at the chemical waste sump and chromates at the low level waste drain tank. During 1981, the temperature at the BVPS outfall above the 94 F limit was exceeded by 1 and 2 F on July 8 and 9, respectively. This increase was due to high ambient intake water temperatures coupled with high air temperatures and humidity. Because the temperature change I was gradual and mixing occurred rapidly in the discharge area, no adverse effects were expected to impact the biological populations. However, a Special Thermal Study was conducted to assess any possible effects that could have occurred. The-results of this Special Thermal Study are presented as an Appendix to this report. Chlorine levels were also exceeded during 1981, however, due to either high chlorine demands of the river or large dilution factors during these discharges, no adverse effects should have resulted. The other limits for pH or chromates were I not exceeded. The aquatic environmental monitoring program included: benthos, fish, ichthyo-plankton, impingement and plankton (ichthyo, phyto, and zoo) entrainment. Sampling was conducted for benthos and fish upstream and downstream of the plant during 1981 to assess potential impacts of BVPS discharges. These data were also compared to preoperational and other operational data to assess long term trends. I Impingement and entrainment data were assessed to determine the impact of withdrawing river water for in-plant use. The following statements summarize the findings of each program element and results of impact assessment. The benthic macroinvertebrate community, organisms living in or on the bottom substrates of the river, during 1981 was similar to communities observed during I I 7 I

SECTION II DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I other operational yea.. (1976 through 1980) and preoperational years (1972 through 1975). The predominant macroinvertebrates were oligochaete worms. These comprised niore than 80% of the total each year since 1972. Common genera of oligochaetes were Limnodrilus, Ilyodrilus, Aulodrilus, Branchiura, Peloscolex and I Tubifex. Chironomid (midge) larvae, f rcquently the second most abundant group of macroinvertebrates, comprised less than 10% of the total each year. During 1981, fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae) accounted for a slightly higher percent composition than chironomid larvae. Dominance of worms throughout the BVPS study area and during all survey years was primarily related to substrate consistency. Substrates l were predominantly sof t, unstable muds with only minor quantities of sand, clay and pebble. Sof t unstable mud is conducive to worm proliferation. The Asiatic I clam (Corbicula), which was collected from 1974 through 1978, was also present in 1981 collections. These clams were not collected during 1979 or 1980. Analysis of data for Control and Non-Control Stations found no evidence to indicate that thermal and chemical effluents released from BVPS Unit I were adversely affecting the Ohio River benthos. Phytoplankton and zooplankton, microscopic plant and animal life suspended in the Ohio River, were typical of temperate flowing waters. The composition and seasonal distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton during 1981 was basically I the same as those observed in other operational and preoperatichal years. Phytoplankton during 1981 exhibited a bimodal pattern of abundance with peaks in the late spring and early fall. Phytoplankton declined af ter September to minimal densities during the winter. Zooplankton, which feed upon the phytoplankton, displayed an abundance pattern similar to phytoplankton. All differences in plankton populations were related to natural variability. Results of sampling and I analyses during 1981 gave no evidence to indicate that BVPS Unit 1 operation adversely affected the phytoplankton and zooplankton on the Ohio River. Fish surveys, conducted during May, July, September and November, collected a total of 1,546 fish in 1981. Collection methods included: electrofishing, gill nets, and minnow traps. The majority cf fish (1,196) were captured by electrofishing. Approximately 72% of the electrofishing catch conuted of emerald shiners. I 8 I

SECTION 11 DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Channel catfish (15 fish) comprised the majority of the (46) gill netted fish. Carp, sauger, walleye, and freshwater drum were the other species representing the next I highest nJmbers of fish netted. Minnow traps collected 304 fish, 85.2% of which were emerald shiners. Variations in annual total catches have occurred during preoperational and opera-tional years. They have occurred primarily because of fluctuations in numbers of small species (principally minnews ar'd shiners). Larger fis:. (carp, channel catfish, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, walleye and sauger) have remained common species I near BVPS. Members of the pike family, northern pike a;.d muskellunge, not collected during preoperational years were collected 1977 through 1981. Their presence and the presence of other sport fish is important because it demoretrates that the Ohio River is meeting the minimum water quality, habitat and food requirements of these desirable sport fish. Differences in fish species composition which were observed upstream and down-stream of BVPS probably reflect habitat preferences of individual species. No evidence was found to indicate that fish the community near BVPS have been I adversely affected by BVPS operation. No fish classified as endangered or threatened by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania were collected. Ichthyoplankton (fish eggs, larvae and juveniles) data were evaluated to determine spawning activity near BVPS and in particular spawning in the back channel of Phillis Island. Spawning activity was limited to June and July with little activity in April and May. Cyprinids (minnows and carps) accounted for 83.8% of the 72 I larvae collected. Only 7 eggs were collected. Data collected from 1973 through 1981 in the back channel of Phillis Island, the channel receiving the majority of aqueous discharges from BVPS, indicated that this channel was not used any more extensively for spawning purposes than main channel areas. No evidence was found to indicate BVPS operation was adversely affecting the ichthyoplankton of the Ohio River. I I 9

SECTION 11 DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Impingement surveys were conducted for one 24 hour period per week in 1981. A total of 141 fish weighing 0.94 kg (2.07 lbs) was collected. Channel catfish (37.1%), emerald shiner (26.4%), and gizzard shad (12.1%) composed 75.6% of the anr ual catch. Of the 141 fish collected, 37 (26.2%) were alive and returned via the discharge pipe to the Ohio River. The majority of fish were less than 100 mm in I length. The 1981 annual impingement catch was less than 1979 (262 fish),1978 (654 fish),1977 (10,322 fish) and 1976 (9,102 fish). However,it was slightly more than the 1980 collection (108 fish). Entrainment studies were performed to investigate the impact of withdrawing river water for in-plant use on the plankton (ichtyo, phyto, and zoo). I Entrainment river transect surveys for ichthyoplankton were conducted to ascer-tain any changes in spawning activity occurring in the Ohio River adjacent to the BVPS intake. As in previous years, ichthycplankton were most abundant in June and July; collections were dominated by cyprinid (minnows acf carps) larvae. Assuming actual entrainment rates were similar to those found in 1976 through 1979, river abundance of ichthyoplankton indicate no substantial entrainment losses should have occurred in 1981 due to the operation of BVPS. Assessment of monthly phytoplankton and zooplankton data indicated that under worst case conditions of minimum low river flow (5000 cfs), about 1.2% of the phytoplankton and zoo-I plankton would be withdrawn by the BVPS intake. This is considered as a negligible loss of phytoplankton and zooplankton relative to river populations. I E I I l I

I l

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SECTION III DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Ill. ANALYSIS OF SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE In accordance with BVPS Unit 1 ETS, Appendix B to Operating License No. DPR-66, significant environmental change analyses were required on benthos, phytoplankton, and zooplankton data. However, on February 26. 1980, the NRC I granted DLCo a request to delete all the aquatic monitoring program, with the exception of fish impingement, from the ETS (Amendment No. 25, License No. DPR-66). Therefore, this report ocals with fish impingement and optional programs initiated by DLCo in the interest of providing a non-disruptive data base between BVPS Units 1 and 2. I I I I I I I I I I I i I 11

l SECTION IV DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY W 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I IV. MONITORING NON-RADIOLOGICAL EFFLUENTS MONITORING CHEMICAL EFFLUENTS, Most of the water required for the operation of BVPS is taken from the Ohio River and discharged at points shown in Figure IV-1. Figure IV-2 is a schematic diagram of liquid flow paths for BVPS. I There are four parameters identified in the Environmental Technical Specifications (ETS) which must be monitored, and if limits are exceeded, reported. The four parameters are: 1. Temperature at the outfall 2. Free Available Chlorine at the outfall 3. pH at the chem?. cal waste sump 4. Chromates at the low level waste drain tank I In addition, the amounts of chemicals released to the environment are noted in the BVPS, Unit 1 Environmental Statement and are listed below: Source Material Released Cation-Anion Neutralized Waste Na SO 2 4 Mixed Bed Neutralized Wast + Na SO 2 4 Water Sof tener Waste Nacl Cooling Tower Biocide C1 2 Reactivity Control H BO 3 3 Corrosion Control K Cr 0 2 27 All of the above chemicals were released during 1981. I I I 12 I

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SECTION IV DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY I 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I I .YAF = I l 3EAFt1 YALLIT Fourt sT,A*.I2 CDCL3G "'l!WE1 t l E PSP 57 "![, rt t y ri / I FSD ARY AED 3AZI ^ 7 e w 2*T C II g ggAg a CO::scszt mm I AMD tT ff ? Mt db l EA:51 I SY3 TIM i a h k 4F 4 RIACT3 SE17tC3 FLANT 30ZLZ1 SA:CTART LA*.It ST373t!S ST3 TIN, ST5TZ3 STITZE i J. I } \\ AIII IADWA57Z - WI::G M I l "U SCC m3 J k A SYSTZM I INtArz 4 Ft*?S 2 e Ai;I AL2 i e ( sazn. TTs? ACx,, em:=Is us ,,A FWF3 D a x I I ]f 1 f if i stAirt arAvt1 7ALLIT STATE 1 v&LLET BEATER TALLZT SEAVT1 VALMT SEA 7t1 TALLET IN YM YAL,,IT FChu $TATION FChI1 3*A*ICN FCVII STATION FCb"El $*AT!*N FCL11 STATICN N 3*#U3 FCL'It ACL :13 CIA 20Z AC2.31rCIAACE DISCIA10E (CC2) OISCEA:GE (003) OI53 ARC:: (0C1) SIA. ACE. (007) (006) 3EAm 72" PCEZ1 3*.AT N n**R TI,cw f eA**e - SEAVT2 VALLZY Mftt $*ATION gg m q (.34) Fi[ureIV-2 4 I

I SECTION IV DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Results Limiting Conditions for Operation I The range observed during 1981 for each of the four parameters monitored in liquid ef fluents which have specified limits are as follows: Range of Values Discharged in Parameter Limits 1981 I Temperature at the outfall 94 F (4 hrs.) 36 to 96 F Free Available Chlorine II at the outfall 0.5 mg/l 0.0 to 1.32 rag /l pH at the chemical waste sump 6.0 to 9.0 6.0 to 9.0 Chromates at the low level wast; drain tank 0.05 mg/l less than 0.05 mg/l During 1981, the limits for Temperature and Free Available Chlorine were exceeded. Explanations concerning these values are as follows:

1. Temperuure The cooling tower blowdown discharge temperature reporting level of greater than 94 F over a four hour period was exceeded on July 8,1981 for approximately 1 hour peaking at 95 F and on July 9,1981 for 5 hours, peaking at 96 F.

The I blowdown temperature exceeded 94 F because the ambient air available for cooling was extremely hot and humid. Because of river dilution and the gradual change in discharge temperature, it is suspected that no adverse effect to local biota occurred. A Special Thermal Study utilizing actual field data and literature references is presented in an Appendix to this report.

2. Free Available Chlorine

'I On April 27, 1981, the free chlorine measured at the outfall structure exceeded the maximum limit of 0.5 mg/l and the duration of condenser tube chlorination exceeded the 2 hour time limit. The reason was due to a communication problem between personnel as to what portions of the system were in service. The overchlorination was stopped when analysis at the outfall structure noted an } unusual rise in the amount of free chlorine in the discharge. The impact on the I I 15

SECTION IV DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT river ecosystem should have been minimal and was contained within the local mixing zone. At the time of discharge, the river dilution factor was high as was I the chlorine demand of the river. On May 15,1981, twenty minutes following chlorination of the main unit condenser the free chlorine peaked at 0.26 mg/l over the maximum limit of 0.5. During the 2 hour chlorination period, the time averaged limit of 0.2 mg/l was exceeded by 0.06. The reason was due to an increase in the normal chlorine dosage supplied to the main unit condenser in anticipation of a high chlorine demand. The higher demand I was suspected due to a prior period of several days when the main condenser chlorinator was out of service for repair. The impact on the river ecosystem should have been minimal and was contained within the local mixing zone. At the time of discharge, the river dilution factor was high as was the chlorine demand of the river. On August 7,1981, the main unit condenser chlorination limit of 2 hours per day was exceeded by 55 minutes. The reason was the chlorine evaporator was isolated due to a suspected chlorine leak. This action coincident with the malfunction of I the evaporator electric heater controls caused the accidental high pressure condition in the evaporator. To relieve the pressure, the chlorine was released to the condenser via the raw water system. The temperature controller which caused the heater malfunction was replaced. Monitoring during and af ter the chlorine release to the condenser detected no release of free residual chlorine into the river. On November 16, 1981, an overchlorination of the main unit condenser occurred causing the discharge limits for free residual chlorine and the 2 hour per day chlorination time limit to be exceeded. Continuous chlorination occurred over an 11 hour period with the highest recorded free chlorine residual of 1.32 mg/l occurring 1/2 hour af ter termination. The 0.5 mg/l limit was reached 50 minutes later. The reason was due to an oversight during shif t turnover when personnel failed to log that the chlorination system was in the manual position. The chlorination monitoring procedures were changed to pmvent reoccurrence and the chlorine anonitors were returned to service. , I 16 I

SECTION IV DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Chemicals Released Estimated Amount

Actual Amount I

Source Released (Ib/yr) Released (Ib/yr) Cation - Anion 20,000 347,100 I Neutralized Waste (Sodium Sulf ate) Mixed Bed Neutralized Waste 5,000 31,360 I (Sodium Sulfate) Water Sof tener Waste 15,000 181,400 (Sodium Chloride) Cooling Water Biocide 2,380 191 (Chlorine) Reactivity Control 20,000** 12,663 (Boric Acid) Corrosion Control 4.5 less than 1

By inventory differential or calculated usage.
- Indicates previous approved change in Technical Specification, Appendix B, Amendment No.15.

The amounts discharged exceeded the estimated release values in all cases except cooling water biocide, reactivity control and corrosion control (hexavalent chromium). The increased use rate was attributed to the following: Cation-Anion Neutralized Waste The water demands for BVPS continue to be greater than originally estimated. The amount discharged in.1981 was somewhat lower than that experienced during years of similar power production. Although the amount of sodium sulfate exceeded original estimates, adverse effects to the ecosystem were not suspected. A special assessment (study) was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium sulfate on the Ohio River and was included in the 1978 Annual Ecological Report (Appendix "B"). I The special assessment (study) concluded that no adverse affects to aquatic life would be expected if the annual release of sodium sulfate was increased to 700,000 I I 17 I

SECTION IV DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I lb/ year due to low release concentration, short exposure time and the minimal amount released in comparison with natural levels in the Ohio River. Mixed Bed Neutralized Waste The discharge of mixed bed waste was in the expected proportion to that of the cation - anion neutralized waste. As rioted above, an assessment of the impact of sodium sulfate on the ecosystem in the Ohio River was presented in the 1978 Annui. Ecological Report (Appendix "B"). I Water Sof tener Waste The use of sof t water increased beyond that originally estimated because man-I power levels at the station (both in-plant personnel, as well as contractors) were much larger than originally predicted. Although the amount of sodium chloride released to the environment exceeded original estimates, the amounts discharged should not have harmed the ecosystem. A special assessment (study) was conducted to evaluate the effects of sodium chloride on the Ohio River and was included in the 1978 Annual Ecological Report I (Appendix "C"). The special assessment (study) concluded that the release of 250,000 pounds of salt (Nacl) annually will not adversely affect aquatic life in the Ohio River. I Cooling Water Biocide The average free available chlorine concentration is limited to 0.2 mg/l over a 2 hour period per day. Based on actual analyses and blowdown flow, the total chlorine released during 1981 was 191 pounds. This amount was well below original I estimates. Reactivity Control The amount of boric acid use during 1981 was determined by actual analyses of all radwaste discharged. This amount was below estimates noted in Amendment 15 of the BVPS Technical Specifications. I I 18 I

I SECTION IV DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Corrosion Control The amount hexavalent chromate released in 1981 was obtained using chemical I analyses of all reactor plant discharges. The maximum chromate discharged, based on total liquid radwaste discharged in 1981 and the detectable level of chromate, was less than one pound. This also is well below original estimates. HERBICIDES Herbicides were used for weed control at the Beaver Valley switchyard. During 1981, none of the transmission line right-of-ways leaving the BVPS site were treated with herbicides. Areas specifically designated for protection and restriction from herbicide application have not been sprayed. No accidental spills I of herbicides occurred during the year. Table IV-1 summarizes the useage of herbicides at the BVPS,1981. I I I I I I I I I 19 I

_ =. M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M v. IT1Od s o 2 2 TABLE IV-1 BEAVER VALLEY POWER STATION - HERBICIDES USED 1981 >O 2 Concentration Methal and Location Herbicide of Active Rate of Frequency of Wind Aerial Date gC Used Type Materials Application Application Cnnditions Application Applied p ill (A BVPS Carlon 3A Trictopyr 3 gal / acro Foliage Cala No July 11 Switchyard Tordon 101 Pictoran Once % ~p M Security Fence 2-4-D O Shippingport O2g 7 BVPS Ureabor Sodium 1 lb/50 Spreader cart, Calm to No Various bO Substation Metaborate sq.ft. one complete Average dates to 2qg Yard Tetrahydrate coverage of 5 to 10 mph completion j.g 66.5% slagged yard, g-= > Boron Trizide applied yearly yZ Soditan chlorate gli M 30%

O Bromatil 1.5s O

P -I 4

SECTION V DUQUESNE UGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT ) V. MONITORING PROGRAMS A. AQUATIC The environmental study area established to assess potential impacts consisted of three sampling transects (Figure V-A-1). Transect 1 is located at river mile (RM 34.5) approximately 0.3 mi (0.5 km) upstream of BVPS and is the Control Transect. Transect 2 is located approximately 0.5 mi (0.8 km) downstream of the BVPS discharge structure. Transect 2 is divided by Phillis Island. The main channel is designated Transect 2A and the back channel Transect 28. Transect 2B is the. I principal Non-Control Transect because the majority of aqueous discharges fror$ BVPS Unit 1 are released to the back chanaci. Transect 3 !s located approximately 2 mi (3 km) downstream of BVPS. s Samp!!ng dates for each of the Ibove program elements ace presented in Table V - A-1. The following metions of this report present a :$ynmary of findin;p for each of the program elements. I 9

I g

1 i x q I s I s 21 i

m m m m m M mm m m m m m vmodoz .m .m ma 2 SCALE

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e b b ?;~)'%',J "B uw I ..., g 0r y /, 's; i., TRANSECT I $0 > 'c TRANSECT 2A d r> x *y* g g n n U z l LEGEND l O h DI SEAVER VALLEY DISCHARGE or j ;,,,,, D2 SHIPPINGPORT DISCHARGE I! ea i g D5 INDUSTRIAL DISCHARGE j e AID TO NAVIGATION i BEAVER

TR ANS MISSION LlHE TRANSECT 28 gPPIN,GPO,R LEY

((,,,,,,, R STATION FIGURE V-A-1 SAMPLING TRANSECTS IN Tile VICINITY OF TIIE BEAVER VALLEY AND SilIPPINGPORT POWER STATIONS

M M M M M M M TABLE V-A-1 ug O AQUATIC PROGRAM MONIMRIIC SAMPLING DATES d 1381, BVPS h Entrainment Plankton Month Benthos Fish Impingement Ichthyoplankton (Phyto and Zoo) JAN 2,16,23,30 23 G FEB 2,13,20,27 13 Y h MAR 6,13,20,27 13 CO APR 3,18,24 20 18 [rn u rn 2 MAY 12 12,13 1,8,15,22,29 12 15 2 rn < r'* tJ %~{ W JUN 6,12,19,26 17 19 oz -. hn JUL 22,23 3,10,17,24,31 22 20 2g AUG 7,16,21,28 16 'j q r- > gk SEP 22 22,23 4,11,18,25 25 OCT 2,9,16,23,30 23 0 -t NOV 23,24 6,13,20,27 20 DEC 4,11,18,24,31 11 i ( l f (

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT B. BENTHOS Ge:ectives To characterize the benthos of the Ohio River near BVPS and to determine the impact,if any, of BVPS operations. Methods Benthic surveys were performed in May and September,1981. Benthos samples were collected at Stations 1, 2A, 2B and 3 (ingure V-B-1), using a Ponar grab sampler. Duplicate samples were taken at Stations 1, 2A and 3. Sampling at Station 2B,in the back channel cf Phillis Island, consisted of a singla ponar grab at the south, middle and north side of the channel. I Each grab was washed within a U.S. Standard No. 30 sieve and the remains placed in a bottle and preserved with 10% formalin. In the laboratory, macroinvertebrates were sorted from each sample, identified to the lowest possible taxon and counted. 2 Mean densities (numbers /m ) for each taxon were calculated for each of two replicates and three back channel samples. Three species diversity indices were calculated: Shannon-Weiner and Evenness indices (Pielou 1969), and the number of species (taxa). Habitats Substrate type was an important factor in determining tha ecmposition of the benthic community. Two distinct benthic habitats exist in the Ohio River near BVPS. These habitats were the result of damming, channelization, and river traffic. Shoreline habitats were generally sof t muck substrates composed of sand, silt and detritus. An exception occurs along the north shoreline of Phillis Island at Station 2A where clay and sand predominate. The other distinct habitat, hard substrate, is located at midriver. The hard substrate may have been initially caused by channelization and scoured by river currents and turbulence from commercial boat traffic. 24

m m m m M M M M M mmOdo 2 esoa o isoo scoo 3 / ' r f *' scata feet / -' ' % 's G .o._ "A r 1-n iis.b,A B3 t' 2_ b 3 ~ .' ' 1 J =j.? 2j A Y-g c =.. >c N %(- 2-e * *** *

t-m j s,. t y,.

my y %'e : "S, n. 2m < r-v Xc*( m5 u ',,/ i anos ? 35-O f,,, / '2 g i 2 O 8 -1 i >T E' d (" > , ma. @k N LEGEND // SYMBOLS h Di BEAVER VALLEY DISCHARGE [. h A SAf4PLING STATION on E. D2 SHIPPINGPORT DISCHARGE I-3 STATION NUMBER -t j g D3 INDUSTRI AL DISCHARGE 28 l O AfD TO edAVIGATION i BEAVER

TRANSMIS$10N LINE ER ST T N WER STATION FIGURE V-B-1 BENTil0S SAMPLING STATIONS, BVPS

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Thirty-five macroinvertebrate taxa were identified during the 1981 monitoring program (Table V-B-1). Species composition during 1981 was similar to previous preoperational (1973 through 1973) and operational (1976 tnrough 1981) years. The macroinvertebrate assemblage during 1981 was composed primarily of borrowing I organisms typical of sof t unconsolidated substrates. Oligochaetes (worms) and chironomid (midge) larvae were abundant (Tables V-B-2, V-B-3, and V-B-4). Common genera of oligochaetes were Limnodrilus, Aulodrilus, Peloscolex and Stephensoniana. Common genera of chironomids were Procladius, Coelotanypus and Cryptochironomus. The Asiatic clam (Corbicula), which was collected from 1974 through 1978, was also present in 1981 collections. None were collected during 1979 or 1980. I No ecologically important additions of species were identified nor were any threatened or endangered species collected during 1961. Community Structure and Spatial Distribution Oligochaetes accounted for the highest percentages of the macroinvertebrates at all sampling stations (Table V-B-2). Oligochaetes accounted for a greater percentage of th' macroinvertebrate community at Stations 1 and 3 as compared e to Stations 2A and 2B where chironomidae and mollusca were usually common. In general, the density of macroinvertebrates during 1981 was lowest at Station 2A and higher at Stations 1 and 3 where substrates near the shore were composed of sof t mud or various combinations of sand and silt. Lower abundance at Station 2A in September samples was probably related to substrate conditions (clay and sand) along the north shore of Phillis Island. Density and species composition variations observed within the BVPS study area was due primarily to habitat differences and the tendency of certain types of macroinvertebrates (e.g., oligochaetes) to cluster. Overall, abuncance and species composition within the study area we e similar. This conclusiors was based on an understanding of habitat differences and species observed near BVPS. I 26

M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE V-8-1 LA SYSTEMATIC LIST OF MACROINVERTEBRA1ES COLEJlCTED IN PREOPERATIONAL IT1 AND OPEAATIONAL YEARS IN THE OHIO RIVER NEAR O BVPS d O Preorerational Operational 2 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1991 .c Porifera sponsilla fragilla X Cnidaria Hydrozoa Clavidae Q Cordylortwara lacustris I X X X co Hydridae Craspedacusta sowerbyl I >U Hydra sp. X X X X X X X 22 C Platyhelminthes C' Tricladida I X X X Rhabdocoela X X X I m2 Nemertaa X X X 2M Namatoda X I E I I X X X X b1* M b q Entroprocta O y Urnatetta gracilis X I X X X X X X X 2 H Ectoprocta Federicella sp. X X Paludicella articulata qg X X Pectinate!!a sp. I yg g = *> Pitmatella sp. X 2 Annelida (T1 < 03igochaata m O Aeolosasatidae X X X u Enchytraeidae X X X X X X X d Naldidae Amphichneta leydigil X Amphichaeta sp. I Arcteonais Irmondt X I Autophorus sp. X X Chaetogaster diaphanus X X X X X C. diastrophus X X Dero digitata X X X D. nivea X X Dero sp. X X X X X X X X 1

' 'E E E E E 7 U C TABtJt V-B-1 (Continued) Preoperational Oper at ional 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 LA TTI wals barbata I N,. bretschert I I 1 I N. communie I E Z N. elinquis I

5. variabills I

Nais sp. I I I I I I I I Ophidonais serpentina I Paranais frici I I I I I I I I Paranais ap. X Pristina omborni I I P. sina I e Pristina sp. X Slavina appendiculate-I kg Steptiensoniana triva Urana I I X X p_ O Stylaria lacustrir X C Uncinais uncinata I Tubtficidae yC Aulodrilus linnobius X X X X X X X X X p TTI A,. piqueti X X X X X X X X g A,. pluriseta X X X X X X 7g Borthrioneurtas veja>vskyanum I I I I I I <C gO y Branchiura sowerby1 I E I E I I I co llyodrilus templetoni I I I I I I I I I Limnodritus cerviu I I I X X X X Zd L. cervin (variant) I I I I X X X % (O ) L,. claparedelanus I I X X X X X X L. hoffmeisteri I X X X X X X x I z$ y L. spiralis I I 1 L. udekemianus I X X X X X X X X .> 'O Limnodrilus sp. I F>2 Peloscoles multisetosus lonqidentus X X X X y< (Tl P. m. multimetosus X X X X X X X X X Potamothria motdaviensie X X T O Psammoryctides curvisetosus I l Tubifor tubtfex I I I X X X Unidentified immature formss with hair chaetae I I X X X X X X X without hair chaetae X X X X F X X X X Lassbriculidae Hirudinea Glossiahon11dae l h..oix3ella stagnalis I Helodbella sp. I Ergebdellidae Erpobde1Ia sp. I Nooreobdella microstcasa I I

m m e e m m M M M M M E E E E us TABLE V-B-1 (Continued) ITI O Preoperational Operational d 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 M 1980 1941 O Atthropoda 2 Acerina 4 X X X Ostracoda I E I Amphipoda Talltzidae Hyallela aateca I I Gammaridae Crangonyu pseu h racilie I crangong sp. I Gammarus fasciatus I I Gammarus sp. X X X X X X X Decapoda 7 O I Collembolla - C 1 Ephemeroptera g Heptagenlidae 3, (C X X Stenacron sp. p Tl 1 Stenonema sp. Caenidae X 7 Caenis.y. I I 4 Tr icos Itt F y Ephemerid,, & sp. N"O I q) Ephemera sp. Oy I 2 Megloptera H Statis sp. a Odonata x

g

~ ida. 2 Og Dromogampinas spoliatus X promogomphus sp. gy I Comphus sp. X X X X N 7 Trichoptera q Psychomyld'* g Polycentrotde sp. O X Hydropsychidae y I Cheumatopsyche sp. I I q Hydropsyche sp. I Hydroptilidae Hydropti1a sp. 1 Oxyethira sp. I Leptoceridae Oecetie sp. I I Coleoptara X Hydrophilidae Elmidae 1 Ancyronya variegatus I Dubtraphia 4 I I E Helichus vy I Stenelmih ap. I E I Psephenidae X

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M (A Ta LI v-a-t (Continued 3 mO Preoperational Operational d 1971 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 O2 Dipters Unidentified Diptera I I I I I I Psychodidae E Pericona sp. I Psychoda sp. I Telmatoscopus sp. I Unidenti!!ed Psychodidae pupas E Chaoboridae 00 Chaoborus sp. I -X X X X X X Simuildaa y similium sp. X Chironomidae 7 O 7 C Chironominae I qO Chironominae pupa X y (C Chironomus sp. I y X X X X X g-. Tl Cryptochironomus sp. I E I I I I I I I Dicrotendipes nervosus I g J rotendipes sp. 7g D I I I Glyptotendipes sp. I I ~C Harnischia sp. I I I I X X X C Micropsectra sp. X Z Microtendipes sp. I d Parachironomus sp. X g Polypedilum (s.s.) convictum type I 7 Q P. (s.o.) simulans type X qg Po1ypedi1um sp. X X X y.g Rheotanytarsus sp. X X X X I p> Stenochironomus sp. E I I I 2 Stictochironomus sp. I g< Tanytarsus sp. I E X Tanypodinae .g Q Ablabesmyla sp. I I E y Coelotanypus scapularia E X X X X y Procladius (Procladius) X X Procladius sp. I I I E I I I E I Thienemannisyte group I I I I I Eavroli 3 sp. I Orthor'odiinae I cricotopus bicinctus I C. (s.m.) trifascia X Cricotopus (Isociadius) sylvestris Group I C. (Isocladius) sp. I cricotopus (s.s.) sp. I I E E Eukiefferiells sp. E I E Hydrobaenus sp. E Limnophyes sp. I Nannocladius (s.o.) distinctus X X X X X Nannocladius sp. I

M M M M M M M M M M M M M LA TTIO TABLE V-B-1 (Continued) o Preoperational Operattomi 2 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 M M Orthocladius sp. I I I I E I Parametrioenemus,op. I E Paraphaenocladius sp. I E Poectrocladius sp. I E Pseudor thoc!adlus sp. E Pseudoenittia sp. X X Smittle sp. I I I X X Diamesinae Diamesa sp. I >O 2 Potthastis sp. X 2 C Ceratopogonidae X X X X X Dolichopodidae CO E E >C Empididae 1 I I I p TT1 Wiedemannia sp. E sphydridae p X Muscidae 7p E E Rhagionidae E W Tipulidae I Str atiomylldae C H E Z Syrphidae E 7 d Lepidoptera y X X X Mollusca gO Gastropoda 7 Q Ancy11dae y3 >T Perrissia sp. X X X X Planorbidae r> E Valvatidae y2 Valvata perdepressa pM Pelecypoda T X Corbiculidae O Corbicula mantlensis W-I I I I I I d Sphaeridae X X X Pisidium sp. I I Sphaerium sp. I I E X X Unidentified immature Sphaer!!dae I I I Unionidae Anadonta grandle E Elliptio sp. i 1 Unidentified immature Unionidae X X X I l l l O

M M M M M M M M M M M M m m m IGn TABLE V-B-2 -4 o 2 MEAN NUMBER OF MACROINVERTEBRATES (Number /m ) AND PERCENT COMPOSITION i OF OLIGOCHAETA, CHIRONOMIDAE, MOLLUSCA AND OTHER ORGANISMS,1981 BVPS G Station 1 2A 2B 3 9/m 4 9/m t i/m t i/m t C CO >C May 12 r-@ Oligochaeta 199 95 30 75 416 91 336 94 rn 2 Chironomidae 10 5 10 25 26 6 20 6 $f" %{ U Mollusca 7 2 O Others 7 2 2,y4 Totals 209 100 40 100 456 101 356 100 En O September 22 %h Oligochaeta 2,055 94 784 72 430 47 2,819 91 >m Chironomidae 80 4 209 19 41 4 149 5 F> $k Mollusca 40 2 90 8 408 45 99 3 Others 10 33 4 20 1 T 0 Totals 2,185 100 1,083 99 912 100 3,087 1:0

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE V-B-3 O H BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE DENSITIES (Individuals /m ), MEAN OF TRIPLICATE FOR BACK CHANNEL AND DUPLICATE SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE MAIN CHANNEL 4 OHIO RIVER, MAY 12, 1981 BVPS Station } l 2A 2B 3 gD Taxa 2 C Bryozoa CO %k Urnatella gracilis + + + Annelida rn$ Oligochaeta 2 rn Enchytraeidae 20 7 20 d C hQ "w Lumbriculidae 7 Stephensoniana trivandrana 20 2q Aulodrilus limnobius 13 hn Limnodrilus cervix 30 13 2 O $k L. hoffmeisteri 30 99 138 Immatures w/o capilliform chaetae 119 270 158 r- > g( Immatures w/ capilliform chaetae 7 Arthropoda m Cladocera 7 O Diptera q Procladius 10 30 26 20 Nanocladius 10 Mollusca Corbicula 7 Total 209 40 456 356 + Indicates organisms present.

M M M M M M M M M M M M l i l TABLE V-B-4 m BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE DENSITIES (Individuals /m ), MEAN OF TRIPLICATE FOR BACK CHANNEL AND DUPLICATE SAMPLES COLLECTED IN THE MAIN CHANNEL -j OHIO RIVER SEPTEMBER 22, 1981 O j l BVPS Station 1 2A 2B 3 Taxa Nematoda 10 20 ~ Bryozoa $o Urnatella gracilis + Annelida Z C Oligochaeta Dero sp. 10 r-@ Stephensoniana trivandra 59 7 89 rn 2 Stylaria lacustris 10 $A %h y Aulodeilus limnobius 69 129 53 119 Aulodrilus piqueti 20 40 257 Og Branchiura sowerbyi 10 30 h"i Ilyodrilus templetoni 20 $0 %h Limnodrilus cervix 10 40 20 L. hoffmeisteri 247 80 20 119 > 'u [.udakemianus 20 13 Peloscolex multisetosus 20 rn '< Immatures w/o capilliform chaetae 1,294 336 310 1,394 ] Immatures w/ capilliform chaetae 316 119 27 781

c Arthropoda H

Gammarus 13 Diptera Chaoborus 10 Coelotanypus sp. 10 30 13 89 Cryptochironomus sp. 10 30 7 Harnischia 7 Procladius sp. 60 149 7 60 Rheotanytarsus 7 Mollusca Corbicula 40 90 408 99 Total 2,185 1,073 912 3,087 + Indicates organisms present.

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Comparison of Control and Non-Control Stations No adverse impact to the benthic community was observed during 1981. This was I based on data analyses between Stations 1 (Control) and 2B (Non-Control) and assessment of species compsition and densities. Data indicate that oligochaetes were usually predominar:t throughout the study area (Figure V-B-2). Most abundant taxa at Stations 1 and 2B in May and September were immature tubificids without capilliform chaetae (Tables V-B-3 and V-B-4). The oligochaetes which were common or abundant at both stations during May were Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Limnodrilus cervix. In September, the oligochaetes Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Limnodrilus udekemianus and Aulodrilus limnobius were common to both Station 1 and 28. In addition,,L_. h_offmeisteri and A_. limnobius were the dominant worms collected from Station 1 and 2B in September. Frequently a greater variety of organisms was found at Station 2B as compared to Station 1. This usually results in a slightly higher Shannon-Weiner diversity and evenness at Station 2B (Table V-B-5). The mean number of taxa and Shannon-Weiner indices for the back channel were within the range of values observed for other stations in the study area. Differences observed between Station 1 (Control) and 2B (Non-Control) and between other stations could be related to differences in habitat.,None of the differences were related to BVPS operation. Comparison of Preoperational and Operational Data Composition, percent occurrence and overall abundance of macroinvertebrates has changed little from preoperational years through the current study year. Oligochaetes have predominated the community each year and they composed 85% of the community in 1931 (Figure V-B-2). A similar oligochaete assemblage has been reported each year. Chironomids and mollusks have composed the remaining f ractions of the community each year. The potential nuisance clam, Corbicula, had increased in abundance from 1974 through 1976, but declined in number af ter 1977. No Corbicula were collected during 1979 or 1980. Small Corbicula were collected l in the 1931 benthic surveys. I 35

I

M M M M M M M M O o 'i c o c ii ^ e T A N: CHIRONOMIDAE ALL OTilERS wrn 100 O dO 4 i z 90 i g 80 70 G oo W 60 z o Z C CO p >C y 50 rn ig zm m _. r-M n. 40 y 2-M ~ E 2 0 -t K 20 >m F>z

c <

m* T 0 sl970-72 1973 1974 1975; (1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 19 81, PRE-OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL YEARS YEARS FIGURE V-B-2 PERCENT COMPOSITION OF Tile BENTIIOS C0FDfUNITY IN Tile 01110 RIVER NEAR BVPS DURING PREOPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL YEARS

M M !$od TABLE V-B-5 MEAN DIVERSITY VALUES FOR BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER, 1981 BVPS G Station D gg Date 1 2A 2B 3 2 C May 12 CO C >m r$ No. of Taxa 5 2 11 5 m Shannon-Weiner Index 1.30 0.41 1.72 1.75 2m u Evenness 0.88 0.81 1.22 0.75 d C -a Mo O September 22 2 ;r g EmO No. of Taxa 15 11 15 14 2 O y>k Shannon-Weiner Index 2.00 2.96 1.94 2.43 Evenness 0.58 0.87 0.72 0.66 r 2 l0mM

nO
O H

l

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Total macroinvertebrate densities for Station 1 (Control) and 2B (Non-Control) for each year since 1973 are presented in Table V-B-6. Mean densities of macro-invertebrates have gradually increased from 1973 through 1976 (BVPS Unit I start-up) until the current study year 1981. Mean densities were frequently higher in the back channel of Phillis Island (Non-Control) as compared to densities at Station 1 (Control). In years when mean densities were lower at Station 2B than at Station 1 the differences were negligible. These differences could be related to substrate and variability and randomness of sample grabs. Higher total densities of macroinvertebrates in the back channel (Station 2B) as compared to Station I was probably due to the morphology of the river. Mud, sitt sediments and slow current were predominant at Station 2B creating conditions more favorable for burrowing macroinvertebrates in comparison to Station 1, which has little protection from currents and commercial boat traffic. Summary and Conclusions Substrate composition was probably the most important factor controlling the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the Ohio River near BVPS. Sof t muck-type scbstrates along the shoreline were conducive to worm and midge pro-liferation whi!e limiting macroinvertebrates which require a more stable bottom. The predominant macroinvertebrates were burrowing taxa typical of soft substrates. Oligochaeta accounted for over 85% of the macrobenthos. Mollusca, the next most abundant group in 1981, accounted for 7% of the macro-invertebrates. j Community structure has changed little sir,ce preoperational years and there was no evidence that BVPS operations were affecting the benthic community of the ( Ohio River. l 1 l l l l l 38

E E E E E wMOd O TABLE V-B-6 BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATE DENSITIES (Number /m ) FOR JTATION 1 (CONTROL) AND STATION 28 (NON-CONT 10L) DURING PREDPERATIONAL AND OPERATIONAL YEARS BVPS e-- Prooperational Yeus Operational Yeara 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1 28 1 2B 1 28 1 2B 1 2B 1 28 1 26, 1 28 1 2a y 2 0 January 2 C gO rebruary 205 0 703 311 358 200 312 1,100 1,499 2,545 1,029 1,296 Cg March 425 457 g{ Apr11 2M May 248 508 1,116 2,197 927 3,660 674 848 351 126 1,004 840 1,041 747 209 456 I g

June 5

40 507 686 Oz July 653 119 421 410 Zg

2=MO August 99 244 143 541 1,017 1,124 851 785 591 3,474 601 1,896 1,185 588 2 O September 175 92 1,523 448 2,185 912 october 256 239 I" >

November 149 292 318 263 75 617 388 1,295 108 931 386 1,543 812 806 N December T ON Hean 231 206 483 643 546 871 631 1,485 421 1,588 709 1,528 856 673 1,198 830 1,197 684

l SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I C. PHYTOPLANKTON Objectives Plankton sarapling was conducted to determine the condition of the phytoplankton community of the Ohio River in the vicinity of the BVPS Unit I and to assess possible environmentalimpact to the phytoplankton. Methods Af ter April 1,1980, plankton sampling was reduced to one entrainment sample collected monthly. Each sample was a 1 gal composite which contained equal volumes of surface and bottom water from one operating intake bay. This 1 gal sample was preserved with Lugol's solution and was used for the analyses of both phytoplankton and zooplankton. Chlorophyll a_ and phaeophytin were not measured af ter April 1,1980. In the laboratory, a known aliquot of well-mixed saraple was concentrated by settling, the supernatant was decanted and the concentrate diluted to a final volume. An aliquot of 0.1 mi from the final concentrate was placed in a Palmer-Maloney cell and examined at 400X magnification. A minimum of 200 cells were identifed and counted in each sample. For each collection date, volume of the final concentrate was adjusted depending on cell density, however the same area of the Palmer cell was examined for all samples. A Hyrax diatom slide was prepared monthly from each sample. This slide was examined at 1000X magnification for I making positive diatom identifications. These slides were also used as an aid to identify diatoms in individual samples. Densities (cells /ml), Shannon-Weiner and Evennesa diversity indices (Pielou 1969), and Richness index (Dahlberg and Odum 1970) were calculated based upon one sample per month. I Seasonal Distribution During the first quarter of 1981, phytoplankton was sparse, a common occurrence during the winter. Total mean densities were between 216 and 266 cells /ml (Table V-C-1). Total cell densities of phytoplankton from stations on the Ohio River and I I 40

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M v. IT1 Odo Z TABLE V-C-1 HONTHLY PHYTOPIANKTON GkOUP DENSITIES (Numlier/ml) AND PEkCENT COMP 031T10N IkoM FNTRAINMENT SAMPLES, 1988 BVPS >U Z Jan Feb Mar apr May Jun gC Group g/ml 4 t/ml 4 g/ml 4 f/al 4 g/ml 4 g/mi t CO >[C Chlorophyta 66 31 38 11 54 15 252 6 2,440 32 390 38 1" Chr ysophyt e 140 65 266 79 226 62 3,136 79 3,840 50 500 48 rTi g Cyanophyta 0 0 24 7 4 1 4 <1 0 0 80 8 2 (Tl Cryptophyta 0 0 0 0 10 3 60 2 540 8 40 4 <p A Microflagellates 10 5 10 3 72 20 536 13 780 10 20 2 y3 H Other Groups 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 <1 0 0 Og Total 216 101 338 100 366 101 3,988 101 7,620 101 1,030 100 2q ? ITI Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2 Croup f/ml 4 g/ml t J/ml 4 t/ml t JM t/ml e Chlorophyta 3,700 70 3,500 59 4,480 65 696 47 828 34 176 20 Chrysophyta 1,240 23 1,920 32 1,680 24 656 44 1,060 43 572 63 NQg Cyanophyta 0 0 0 0 60 1 32 2 392 16 20 2 Cryptophyta 100 2 110 2 240 4 32 2 76 3 44 5 O Microflagellates 240 4 380 6 360 5 64 4 92 4 80 9 y otbar Groups 40 1 0 0 80 1 0 0 4 <1 12 1 q Total 5,320 100 5,910 99 6,900 100 1,480 99 2,452 101 904 100

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I in the intake samples have been similar during the past four years. Data from past Annual Environmental Reports also indicate that the species composition has been I similar in entrainment samples and those from the Ohio River (DLCo 1980). Therefore, samples collected from the intake bays should provide an adequate characterization of the phytoplankton community in the Ohio River. Total mean densities increased in April and developed the annual maximum of 7,620 cells /mi in May (Table V-C-1). Populations decreased sharply in June and progressively increased in July and August to a secondary maximum (6,900 cells /ml) in September (Figure V-C-1). The two peaked cycle of phytoplankton development is common in many large rivers and lakes in north temperate climates I (Hutchinson 1967, Hyne:. 1970). Densities decreased af ter September to low densities (904 cells /ml) normally observed during December (Figure V-C-2). Diatoms (Chrysophyta) and green algae (Chlorophyta) were usually the most abundant groups of the phytoplankton during 1981 (Table V-C-1) (Figure V-C-2). The group microflagellates was common (13 to 20%) in March and April. Blue-greens (Cyanophyta) were common (16%) during November (Table V-C-1). The I decrease of phytoplankton densities in June was probably due to increased flow and turbidity which were caused by frequent rains during June,1981. Hynes (1970) noted that silty, high water conditions reduce plankton densities and frequently alter the species composition. I Diversity indices of the phytcplankton during 1981 are presented in Tables V-C-2. Shannon Weiner indices ranged from 2.29 to 4.59, evenness values were from 0.43 to 0.90, and richness values were from 3.56 to 6.10. Higher diversities tended to be in February, March, August and December. Highest values of Shannon-Weiner and I number of species occurred in August when no species was predominant. Phytoplankton communities were generally dominated by differenc taxa each season. Most abundant taxa during winter (January, February and March) were Chlorophyta I, Navicula spp., and Nitzschia spp.; the two latter were chrysophyte diatoms (Table V-C-3). The group Chlorophyta I were small (5 to 15 um), I I 42

I' SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I 1974 Jan.-July, Aug.-Oct. Y 1974 & 75, Nov. & Dec.1975 1976,1977,1378,1379 & 1980 ( Average) zopoo-1981 //////////// 8eaie Change l ~~ 10,000-

r - - - - -

- / - e / / 5,000- [ { l ) \\ E 4,000-I t / I \\/ a -i / \\j s.. I 2 3,000-6 l l 2 = / \\ 2,000 - f \\ l l \\ 1,000 - 'g, I

r - - p -

m - 500-I j l 250 - / / l ~.,_/ o l J l F l. M l A lM lJ lJ lA l S l 0 1N I D l FIGURE V-C-1 SEASONAL PATTERNS OF PHYTOPLANKTON DENSITIES IN THE OHIO RIVER DURING PREOPERATIONAL (1974-1975) AND OPERATIONAL (1976-1981) YEARS ?VPS 43

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M $od O TABLE V-C-2 PHYTOPLANKTON DIVERSITY INDICES BY MONTH FOR ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES, 1981 BVPS Date Jan-Feb Mar Apr May Jun go No. of Species 22 35 37 39 34 33 Z C %m Shannon-Weiner Index 3.92 4.39 4.39 2.29 3.66 4.56 t-Evenness 0.88 0.85 0.84 0.43 0.72 0.90 rn z 2 rn I C A Richness 3.91 5.84 6.10 4.58 3.69 4.61 No .r. O g Date Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec hH x $oO 2 "$ -t No. of Species 33 51 35 27 40 32 35 k Shannon-Wei'ser Index 4.13 4.59 4.07 3.90 4.00 4.32 3.95 y< m O Evennee.s 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.82 0.75 0.86 0.79 -t Lichness 3.73 5.76 3.85 3.56 5.00 4.55 4.60 Data represents single entrainment sample collected monthly.

v. (TlO -4 OZ TABLE V-C-3 Dt.NSITIES (Number /st) OF MdST ABUNDANT l'ilYTOPIANETUN TAXA (fif teen most abundanr. on any date) COLLECTED FROM ENTRAINMiltT SAMPLES JANUAkY Ti!R0tX;H DECt13ER 1981 BYPS h Tama Jan Feb Mar g g Jun Jul A3 g M M M CYANOPHYT4 t'neloghaerium naegellamm 2 320 C Schtrothria calcicola 20 4 4 70 40 32 72 20 >C CHLOHOPtfYTA I Ankistrodesmos convolutus 4 4 420 160 !!0 100 32 48 20 (Tl Z Ankistrodemnos falcatus 4 4 24 140 to 40 170 80 16 440 24 2 (T) chl amylom. mas S otnsa 4 20 100 20 60 16 12

T Micractinin pusillin 6 6 32 40 160 220 16 16 (* > E edessus acuminatus S 40 70 16 2 Scenedesmos arcuatus 120 y g73 M 5, cane bsmus bicellularia 4 80 540 740 1,520 192 40 scene.teseus b33a m 83 100 32 32 O Sanedessus brasiliensis 20 80 y scenedesmos quadricauda 12 8 180 100 1,040 650 120 32 72 8 H Schroe.ler i a set iger a 20 Selenastrin minatum 2 20 80 210 120 32 4 sph.nerocysm set.roeter t 600 20 260 160 320 32 Chlorottiyta 1 42 24 36 84 760 20 420 280 56 32 76 M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Ln ITIOdo2 TABIE V-C-3 (Continued) Tama Jan Feb Mar M May Jun Jul Aug Sep g g Dec Cifu YSOPHYT4 00 Achnanthes minutissima 6 18 10 24 60 30 Asterionella formosa 18 2 8 56 500 40 p 12 Cymbella ventricosa 2 4 20 20 zO 200 104 Diatoma tenue 28 10 22 6 44 60 10 gC Diatoma vulgare 8 2 8 10 20 CO 8 _Pr ag t l er i a erot onensi s 2 14 4 8 r,reji1 aria vaucheriae 240 pC 8 32 40 p [Tl Congtionema on ivaceum 2 6 2 28 8 12 Metras t ra distans g 8 40 20 150 300 240 336 .g g Melostra Stanulate 16 10 34 Meloeira varians 520 320 440 144 104 8 -[ 4 A 4 14 12 8 20 O Navicula crypt Eerhala 18 70 24 52 20 20 10 20 22 124 Og 48 N O Nevicula viridula 14 8 104 60 60 Nitzschia capitellata~ 20 20 8 20 20 10 20 10 8 4 12 Mg 4 2 2 8 4 10 20 $ H Nitzschia Ji ssipata Ni tandita holsetica Nitzadit a palea 10 14 22 48 40 50 60 80 40 48 20 40 60 180 2 Skeletonesa potamos 4 200 80 660 SyneJra filiformis 6 4 6 20 60 20 20 20 8 8 pp Synedr a ulna 10 4 16 10 20 20 small Cen UIcs 8 92 %g 18 6 24 2,572 2,500 140 440 210 600 152 196 28 M CRYP10PilYT4 Crypt <meonas erosa 2 8 140 10 80 80 40 8 24 12 O Rho 4;monas minuta 8 52 400 30 20 30 200 24 52 32 MICh0FLAGEtJ ATES 10 10 72 536 780 20 240 380 360 64 92 80 TOTAL PHYTOPIANKTON 216 338 366 3,988 7,620 1,030 5.320 5.910 6,900 1,480 2.452 904 TOTAL OF M)ST APUNDANT TAXA 206 302 33% 3,912 1,380 940 4,900 5,300 6,620 1,400 2,332 848 PEKDrr COMPOSITION OF M)ST ABUNDAFT PHYTOPLANKTON 95 89 92 98 97 91 92 90 96 95 95 94 ' Data represents single entrainment sample collected monthly. ~ SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT unicellular, green algae which were probably separated from a colony and were very difficult to positively identif y. During the spring, small centric diatoms were I dominant in April and May when the seasonal maximum occurred. Small centric diatoms were present in all phytoplankton samples, and include several small (4 to 12 um dia.) species. Positive species identification was not possible during quantitative analysis at 400X raagnification. Burn mount analysis at 1000X magnification revealed the group "small centrics" included primarily Cyclotella atomus, C. pseudestelligera, C. meneghiniana, Stephanodiscus hantzschii, and S. astraea. Microflagellates were dominant in June when turbid, high water I conditions were present in the Ohio River (Table V-C-3). The most abundant taxon in July was Scenedermus _quadricauda (green algae). Scenedesmus bicellularis, Scenedesmus quadricauda, and Skeletonema potamos were co-dominant in August. Scenedesmus bicellularis and Dictyosphaerium pulchelium were the dominant taxa in September. Melosira distans was the most abundant taxon in October, whereas in November, Melosira distans was co-dominant with Coelosphaerium naegelianum and Ankistrodesmus convolutus. Most abundant taxa in December we. e Asterionella formosa and Navicula cryptocephala. Comparison of Control and Non-Control Transects ~ Plankton samples were not collected at any river stations af ter April 1,1980 due to a reduction of the aquatic sampling program, therefore, comparison of data was not possible in 1981. e. I Comparison of Preoperation and Operational Data The seasonal succession of phytoplankton varied f rom year to year, but overall the phytoplankton has remained generally consistant. Phytoplankton communities in f running waters respond quickly to changes in water temperature, turbidity, nutrients, velocity and turbulence (Hynes 1970). The phytoplankton from the Ohio River near BVPS generally exhibited a bimodal pattern. During the preoperational year 1974, total densities peaked in August and October while in operational' years-of 1976 through 1979, mean peak densities occurred in June and September (DLCo 1980). Total phytoplankton densities displayed a bimodal pattern in 1981 (Figure'- I V-C-2). In general, the phytoplankton in 1981 was similer to those of pre ~ I A 47 / ~~ 3 SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY B 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I I I 4500-CHLOROPHYTA CHRYSOPHYTA CYANOPHYTA I 4000-a 2 CRYPTOPHYTA/MICR0 FLAGELLATES i 3600-m 3000- 'l a: i g 2'joO-.- e s j I 2 N2000-3 l,. ? ~ =' - V, 1300-I.. - _,r'~ . s -- Jr- ,nnn_ .g, n. ,f. 5 ./ n J -~ I ,/ e s 0 -~~~~E^ fA l J l F l M [A j M l J l J l A l S-l 0 lN l D l I 19 81. FIGURE V-C-2 I PHYTOPLANK'"0N GRCUP DENSITIES JORENTRAIMIENT SAMPLES,1981 'BvPS I I ~ .y SECTION V DUQUESNE dGNT COMP ANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVJRONM.tNTAL REPORT I operational and operational years. 'No rr:ajor change in community structure was observed durir.g 1981. The tilg'it variations in the phytoplankton community I between 1981 and the previots yeare, were-natural fluctuations and were not a result of 2VPp opaations. Yearly mean Shannon-Wein,c dversity indices from 1974. through 198J were similar, car.ging from a low of 3.57 in 1980 to a maximum of 4.36 in 1975 (Table V-C-4). Evenness values were also simitre, except during 1973 and 1974 when values were lower. From 1975 thrcugh 193i, evenness ranged from 0.44 to 0.90. I The maximum evenness diversity value is 1.0 and woult' occur wnen each species is represented by the sam 3 number vf individuals. Tht. mean number of tan each year ranged from 19 iri 1973 to 40 in 1975, both preoperational years. Number of taxa during operatior.h1 years ranged between 24 and 39 and were viithin the range observed durin6 Pre;operationax 3 ears. Summary and Conclusions The phytopluokton community of the Ohio River near BVPS hibited a seasonal. pattern sirnilar to that observed in previous years and a ' pattern common to N I temperate, lotic environmecqs,, Toul cell densities were within tne range observed during previous years. ~ / .I H \\ 1 5 s !I + \\ I .^ 49 ~ g g M M M U U U LA IT1Odo TABLE V-C-4 Z PtIYTOPLANE10N DIVERflTY INDICES (MEAN OF ALL SAMPLES 1973 TO 1981) NEW CUMBERIAND POOL OF TifE Oti!O RIVER BVPS 1973 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec s No. of Species 7 2 ' 13 24 27 28 30 24 17 16 19 Shannon Indes 1.55 0.54 No 0.63 1.64 2.28 3.55 3.72 No 3.37 3.25 3.27 2.38 Evenness 0.33 0.15 Sample 0.11 0.25 0.35 0.55 0.52 Sample 0.50 0.54 'd.53 0.38 Richness 1.24 0.29 1.50 2.63 3.17 3.61 3.46 3.24 2.89 2.80 2.48 g 2 C 1974 CO pC No. of Species - 12 8 17 22 44 46 47 60 34 47 34 I Shannon indes 2.96 2.23 3.18 3.50 4.89 4.40 4.03 4.25 J.85 5.02 3.83 IT1 Z go Evenese 0.55 0.46 0.57 0.58 0.62 0.62 0.56 0.55 0.54 0.58 0.56 2 IT3 8"'* Richness 2.55 1.82 3.05 3.74 5.56 5.45 5.46 6.49 4.77 5.44 4.43 $ t-" E b o hZ No c4 Species Shannon Inden N Sample 52 34 43 32 'O 40 d g 4.53 4.22 4.37 4.22 4.48 4.36 g73 O Evenness 0.80 0.8) 0.81 0.87 0.85 0.83 2 O Richness 5.57 3.96 4.89 3.92 6.19 4.91 HE 1976 >T I> No. of Species 31 35 31 38 47 49 46 43 38 31 35 38 39 'A <2 Shannon Indes 3.98 4.36 3.90 4.25 4.14 4.27 4.28 4.30 3.93 4.16 4.24 4.45 4.19 m g Evenness 0.80 0.85 0.78 0.81 0.75 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.75 0.83 0.83 0.85 0.80 C) Richness 5.15 5.89 4.92 4.70 4.68 4.79 4.72 4.34 3.85 4.17 4.85 5.79 4.83 PQ 1977 d Do. of Species 20 28 31 24 36 30 39 37 32 33 27 32 Shannon Inden 1.96 3.31 3.00 2.78 4.16 3.52 4.36 4.26 4.29 3.92 4.12 4.00 3.64 Evenness 0.44 0.70 0.61 0.60 0.80 0.72 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.70 0.82 0.83 0.13 Richness 3.14 4.57 4.44 2.95 3.53 2.77 4.63 4.26 3.87 3.98 4.18 3.72 3.84 l m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M wm Odo TABLE V-C-4 (Continued) y g Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec. 5 No. of Species 37 29 32 42 28 42 36 37 35 37 34 32 35 Shannon Indes 4.08 3.68 3.77 4.67 3.30 4.16 3.95 4.17 3.81 3.99 3.80 4.44 3.99 Evenness 0.78 0.76 0.76 0.87 0.69 0.78 0.77 0.80 0.76 0.77 0.76 0.90 0.78 Richness 00 e. 1979 >0 2 No. of Species 18 16 19 36 34 27 34 24 29 25 28 38 27 2 C Shannon Index 3.49 3.36 3.79 3.22 3.78 3.84 4.10 3.88 4.12 4.07 3.68 4.32 3.80 CO Event.ess 0.84 0.82 0.88 0.62 0.74 0.81 0.80 0.81 0.84 0.88 0.77 0.83 0.81 >C Richness 2.97 2.64 3.36 4.69 4.08 2.98 3.46 2.72 3.26 3.52 3.57 5.19 3.54 t- @ !!80 m2 2m No. of Species 28 18 24 25 21 18 30 16 32 24 33 37 2r -[ W Shannon Index 3.88 2.64 3.78 3.82 3.28 3.26 3.61 3.45 4.10 3.54 3.73 4.56 3.57 N C) Evenness 0.81 0.64 0.83 0.82 0.75 0.78 0.74 0.86 0.82 0.77 0.74 0.87 0.78 O g Richness 4.07 2.65 3.49 4.02 2.50 2.38 2.90 1.94 3.33 2.59 4.01 5.40 3.15 H 1981 mO Co. of Species 3 35 37 39 34 33 33 51 35 27 40 32 ~ 7 O 15 dY Shannon Index 3.92 4.39 4.39 2.29 3.66 4.56 4.13 4.59 4.07 3.90 4.00 4.32 3.95 Evenness 0.88 0.85 0.84 0.43 0.72 0.90 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.82 0.75 P S6 0.79 Richness 3.91 5.84 6.10 4.58 3.69 4.61 3.73 5.76 3.85 3.56 5.00 4.55 4.60 N mq I'I

0 No data O

i N Data represent single entrainment sample aallected monthly. d l l I SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I D. ZOOPLANKTON Objectives Plankton sampling was conducted to determine the condition of the zooplankton community of the Ohio River in the vicinity of the BVPS Unit I and to assess possible environmental impact to the zooplankton. I Methods Zooplankton samples were one liter aliquots which were taken from the Lugol preserved samples previously described for phytoplankton. One liter samples were filtered through a 35 micron (.035 mm) mesh screen. The portion retained was washed into a graduated cylinder and allowed to settle for a minimum of 24 hr. The supernatent was withdrawn until 10 ml of concentrate remained. One ml of this thoroughly mixed concentrate was placed in a Sedgwick-Raf ter cell and I examined at 100X magnification. All zooplankters within the cell were identified to the lowest practicable oxon and enumerated. Total density (individuals / liter), Shannon-Weiner and Evennesc diversity indices (Pielou 1969), and Richness index (Dahlberg and Odum 1970) were calculated based upon one sample which was composited f rom a surf ace and a bottom sample collected f rom an operiting intake bay. I Seasonal Distribution The zooplankton community of a river system was primarily composed of E5 protozoans and rotifers (Hynes 1970, Winner 1975). The zooplankton community of the Ohio River near BVPS during preoperational and operational monitoring years was composed primarily of protozoans and rotifers. On April 1,1980, the zooplankton sampling program was reduced to one entrain-ment sample collected monthly. Total organism density and species composition of zooplankton from the Ohio River and entrainment samples have been similar during I the past four years (DLCo 1980). Samples collected from intake bays are usually representative of the zooplankton populations of the Ohio River. I I 52 1 SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I During 1981, protozoans and rotif ers accounted for 89% or more of all zooplankton on all sampling dates (Table V-D-1). Total organism densities during the winter and early spring (January through March) were less than 370/ liter. Lowest total density during 1981 was 190/ liter which occurred in January (Figure V-D-1, Table I V-D-1). Total organism densities increased slightly in April and May. High water conditions and turbidity catsed a decrease of zooplankton populations to 310/ liter in June. A secondary maximum of total densities occurred in July and the annual maximum occurred in September. This population trend was similar to the one which occurred in the 1979 operational year (Table V-D-2). Zooplankton populations in the Ohio River usually exhibit a bimodal pattern. The maximum zooplankton density in the Ohio River near BVPS frequently occurs in the spring, I although high water conditions and turbidity sometimes alter or delay the maximum until summer or early fall. This effect of floods and turbidity on plankton communities has been described by Hynes (1970). The seasonal pattern of zooplankton densities observed in the Ohio River near BVPS is typical of temperate climates (Hutchinson 1967). Zooplankton densities in winter are low due primarily to low water temperatures and limited food I availability (Winner 1975). In the spring, food availability and water temperatures increase which stimulate growth and reproduction. Zooplankton popu!ations decrease during the f all and winter from the summer maximum because optimum conditions for growth and reproduction decrease during this period. I Densities of protozoans during January through June of 1981 were between 130 and 510/ liter (Table V-D-1). Protozoans gradually increased in July and August. The densities peaked in S' ptember at 4,020/ liter. Protozoans progressively decreased e in October, November and December to densities 300/ liter. The most common I protozoan during 1981 was Vorticella which dominated the protozoan assemblage during ten months (Table V-D-3). The most abundant protozoans in the other months were Strombilidium gyrans, Heterophyrus (July) and Cyclotrichium (August). These taxa have been a main part of the protozoan assemblage of the Ohio River near BVPS since 1972. I I 53 I M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N Od TABLE V-D-1 z PONTHLY ZOOPLANKTON GROUP DENSITIES (Number / liter) AND PERCENT COMPOSITION FIOM ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES, 1981 BVPS G5 )a Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Group f/1 f/1 f/1 f/1 f/1 $/1 2 C CO Protozoa 130 68 310 86 180 82 510 88 480 57 230 74 hm m2 Rotifera 40 21 50 14 40 18 70 12 340 41 80 26 2m $t~ bO Crustacea 20 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 2 0 0 E-Total 190 100 360 100 220 100 580 100 840 100 310 100 mO 2 0 H E: >T Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec F Group 4/1 f/1 f/1 f/1 f/1 f/1 N< m O Protozoa 730 19 1250 64 4020 90 1580 85 550 72 330 89 g H Rotifera 2800 74 630 33 47G 10 260 14 210 28 40 11 i Crustacea 270 7 60 3 0 0 10 1 0 0 0 0 Total 3800 100 1940 100 4490 100 1850 100 760 100 370 100 o SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I I I I 5,000 1974 Jan.-July, Aug.-Oct. x 1974 8 75, Nov.& Dec.1975 1976,1977,1978,1979 81980 ( Average) 1988 '////////j Scale Change 'g _N

4,000-

.I \\ I !\\ \\ .f \\ x 3,000-I \\,- N. 2,000-l

t'f( '~

\\ m is \\ \\ l l \\ \\ K I \\ \\ I w I l \\ m \\. \\. 1 I > I,000-I l \\ h I

w---- b-- asi J > - -x I

i \\ I f /I N 500-s I I I l l ,/ 250 - / I O l J l F I M IA l M l J l J l A l S l 0 l N l D l FIGURE V-D-1 SEASONAL PATTERNS OF ZOOPLANKTON DENSITIES IN THE OHIO RIVER DURING PREOPERATIONAL (1974-1975) AND OPERATIONAL (1976-1981) YEARS I BVPS 55 E m (Tl O I rAsta v-o-2 e a O MEAN EOOPIANE1GI DENSITIES (Neber/11ter) BY MOtrTM FROM 1973 TEAQUGH 1981, Oef!O RIVER AND BVPS 2 4 TMal Jan. _ Feb. Mar. A pr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Oct. ~~ ~ Eooplankton Nov. Dec. 1973 50 90 154 588 945 1,341 425 180 87 1974 78 56 96 118 299 625 4.447 3,740 1,120 4,321 1975 4,426 3,621 1.591 2,491 623 1976 327 311 347 10,948 2,516 5,711 3,344 3,296 3,521 518 446 577 1977 147 396 244 193 5,153 4,128 1,143 1,%03 3,601 553 934 484 1978 31 30 20 35 403 1,861 1,526 000 1,003 435 297 60 no 1979 157 96 228 534 2,226 599 2,672 4,238 950 370 542 550 1980 410 (230) 322 (208) 385 (393) 270 530 420 3,110 490 2,020 3,820 1,830 700 y 1981 190 360 220 5*0 840 310 3,000 1,940 4,4t2 1,850 760 370 7 O Protosoa 7 C 1973 45 63 82 188 56 131 346 135 58 Cg 1974 50 42 72 91 138 409 1,694 716 1,006 4,195 > g.yg c 1975 835 3,295 1,141 2,239 452 1976 278 274 105 10,774 1,698 6 1,903 1,676 000 4?, 394 492 (T) 2 I u 1977 135 345 236 312 4,50 9 2,048 000 947 2,529 401 825 344 2 (T) 1978 18 14 14 27 332 1,360 407 315 256 222 227 26 1979 312 64 let 380 2,052 459 340 712 609 326 454 328

T 1978 29 33 15 14 16 24 72 61 67 47 22 48 I> 1979 44 33 37 151 172 135 2,255 3,482 324 42 86 220 2 1940 93 (51) 16 (12) 43 (23) 80 140 50 1,470 110 790 760 260 50 y N 1981 40 50 to 70 340 80 2,800 630 474 260 210 40 90 !?! Crustecte 1973 1 1 3 12 29 9 3 2 2 O 1974 2 2 3 3 6 3 14 85 7 6 H 1975 $1 12 6 3 6 1976 2 1 5 4 10 141 43 23 69 3 2 8 1977 2 5 13 96 7 17 50 5 1 6 1978 4 6 3 2 6 48 12 27 75 9 5 5 1979 1 0 3 3 2 4 78 44 17 2 2 2 1980 3 (3) 0 (2) 2 (0) 0 0 0 20 0 50 30 10 10 1981 20 0 0 0 20 0 270 60 0 to 0 0

No sample collected.

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT The rotifer assemblage in 1981 (Figure V-D-2) displayed a typical pattern of rotifer populations in temperate inland waters (Hutchinson 196'). Rotifer densities I increased from a minimum of 40/ liter in January to a maximum of 2,800/ liter in July (Table V-D-1). Rotifer populations progressive?y decreased af ter July to densities of 40/ liter in December. Except during July, rotifers were a; ways the second most abundant group during 1981 when rotifers comprised 10% of the zooplankton community in September and 74% of the community in July. Keratella cochlearis and Polyarthra dolichoptera were the most abundant rotifers during the maximum in July (Table V-D-3). Rotifers which were abundant during other .I months were Lecane (March and April), Synchaeta (May), Trichocerca pusilla (August) and Keratella (September and Octcber). Crustacean densities were low (0 to 20/ liter) from January through June (Table V-D-1). Densities of crustaceans during 1981 reached their peak of 270/ liter in July (Figure V-D-2). Populations decreased from August through December. Crustacean densities never exceeded protozoan cr rotifer densities and constituted from 0 to 11% of the total zooplankton density each month. Copepod nauplii were the most numerous crustaceans during 1981 (Table V-D-3). Other crustacean taxa I occasionally present in low numbers were cyclopold copepodites, Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, and Bosmina, longirostris. Crustacean populations were probably suppressed during the spring of 1981 by swif t current and turbidity from high water conditions due to frequent rain showers. Crustaceans are rarely numerous in the open waters of rivers and many are eliminated by silt and turbulent water (Hynes 1970). I Highest Shannon-Weiner diversity value was 3.55 which occurred in August when the maximum number of species was present and several taxa were abundant (Tables V-D-3 and V-D-4). Evenness ranged from 0.60 in September to 0.84 in February. Richness varied from 1.11 in March to a maximum of 3.04 in August. The number of species ranged from 7 in March to 24 in August. Low diversity indices in January reflect low number of species and abundance of only Vorticella. I I I 57 I SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I I 4500 - 4000 - PROTOZOA --- ROTIFER A CRUSTACEA 3500 - I I p 3000 - U 3 S li lI 2500-g = ii I ~ I t b l i I i E 2000 - 1 i a I l 1 l 1 1500 - I g l I I l { 1000 - l I I l s 500 - l 'ss I s I ,.s ss N / ~. s f' ' s,f 'ss m___.__-.__-, s, I IJ l F l M l A l M l J l J l A l S l 0 lN l D l 19 81 FIGURE V-D-2 ZOOPLANKTON GROUP DENSITIES FOR ENTRAINMENT SAMPLE,7, 1981 BVPS I 58 I ~ m Em M M M M M M M M M TAatJ U-D-3 M DENSITIES (Munteer/litern OF MOST AminFF IOOPIAnlETON TAZA (Greater tham 24 on any date) COLIJCTED FlaM ENTRAlasqNT SAMPI.ES O JANUART THROUCal DECDSER 1981 d sves "O Tasa Jan M M Ag m Jun Jul M sept Oct M y PRO 10204 Arcella ap. 10 20 20 10 20 10 200 10 80 10 Aakenasta sp. 10 10 30 Aeerannebe ap. 10 tursarla sp. 10 110 20 100 Codone la cratera le 20 10 20 50 60 10 90 to 20 ColptJ un sp. 40 10 C ctotrichtum op. 60 30 20 350 to 20 30 00 a e Di f flugia acumirmte 20 10 210 54 40 le 10 rptatilie sp. 140 30 >O Ewalypna compressa 10 2 Noterophyrus sp. 320 2 30 680 t.lonotus sp. 10 2 C webeta sp. CO 40 10 >C Parameelun ap. 10 20 10 20 pM Strobi idium ap. 40 10 70 590 M stromb Ildtum gyrans 50 210 10 90 10 2 strombi lidium sp. 80 50 40 30 50 70 30 10 N Tintinnidium fluviatlie 370 10 worticella sp. 110 120 100 310 210 140 30 40 2310 5 30 420 190 I""' W ,0 "g Notophyrid ciliate 40 70 20 10 120 20 10 O C111ats unidentified 10 10 40 10 30 20 Z ROTIFERA E %" O Anuraeopeia (lesa 20 10 10 10 10 20 10 7 O Asplanachna sp. 10 30 le 30 BJelloidea le 10 10 50 gg Keratella cochlearts yg le 1340 20 190 110 20 p_acane sp. 10 40 60 40 10 to 20 pp Polyarthra dolichoptera 7 40 10 904 1 30 130 30 30 N Mar thre vuleer is 40 50 60 10 M 4 s_ynchaeta sp. 190 20 40 40 60 to T Trichocerca pusilla 10 330 370 40 10 O Rottfors-unidentified 10 30 10 20 20 10 2C 10 50 20 N CausTACEA d suontna longirostria la m' 10 Ceriodashnia sp. J C el g bicuspidatue thomaat J 20 Cyclopold copepudits le 10 Nauplia 20 210 40 10 Total touplankton 190 360 220 540 840 310 3800 1940 4490 1850 760 370 Total of Most Abundant scoplankton 190 360 220 560 830 310 3730 1910 4480 1840 750 370 Percent h en=1 tion of Most Ataumlant souplankton 100 100 100 97 99 100 98 9e 99 99 9e 100 M M M M M M M $odoZ TABLE V-D-4 ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY INDICES BY MONTH FOR ENTRAINMENT SAMPLES, 1981 BVPS E Date Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun N >U Z No. of Species 8 12 7 11 19 12 z c CO %E Shannon-Weiner Index 2.14 3.02 2.2G 2.32 3.44 2.73 rn z Evenness 0.71 0.84 0.81 0.67 0.81 0.76 2 rn d C m hz@ Richness 1.33 1.87 1.11 1.57 2.67 1.92 E-Date Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec rn O x Z >T No. of Species 23 24 20 21 17 10 15 F>2 Wrn M Shannon-Weiner Index 2.96 3.55 2.62 3.05 2.66 2.47 2.80 m ON Evenness 0.65 0.77 0.60 0.69 0.65 0.74 0.72 H Richness 2.67 3.04 2.26 2.66 2.41 1.52 2.10 1 SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Comparison of Control and Non-Control Transects Zooplankton samples were not collected from stations on the Ohio River af ter April 1,1980; therefore, comparison of Control and Non-Control Transects was not j possible. l Comparison of Preoperatior.al and Operational Data Pcpulation dynamics of the zooplankton community during the seasons of pre-operational and operational years are displayed in Figure V-D-1. Total zooplankton densities were lowest in winter, usually greatest in summer and transitional in spring and autumn. This pattern in the Ohio River sometimes varies from year to year which is normal for zooplankton populations in other river habitats. Hynes (1970) concluded that the zooplankton community of rivers is inherently unstable and subject to constant change due to variations of temperature, spates, current, turbidity and food source. Total densities of zooplankton during 1981 were occassionally higher than those of preoperational years (1973 through 1975) and similar to those observed during operational years (1976 through 1981)(Figure V-D-1). The species composition of zooplankton in the Ohio River near BVPS has remained stable during preoperational and operational years. The common or abundant protozoans during the past seven years have been Vorticella, Codonella, Difflugia, Strombilidium, Cyclotrichium, Strombilidium, Arcella and Centropyxis. The most numerous and frequently occurring rotifers have been Keratella, Polyarthra, Synchaeta, Branchionus and Trichocerca. Copepod nauplii have been the only crustacean taxa found consistently. Community structure, as compared by diversity indices, has been similar during the past 9 years (Table V-D-5). In previous years low diversity indices and number of species occurred in winter; high diversities and number of species usually occurred in late spring and summer. In 1981, the diversity indices and species numbers were relatively low in January and March which was typical fo: months of winter and early spring. Shannon-I 61 E E E E E E E E TABLE V-D-5 MEAN 100PLANETUM DIVEkSITY INDICES SY Mmme FROM 1973 Tum0UGN 1981 IN THE OMIO RIVER NEAR BVPS Cn Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Now g, y lill O y d Number of Species a 8.44 15.29 21.28 25.07 21.96 22.86 16.33 14.40 14.30 ~ C Shannon Indea 1.80 3.06 3.00 2.79 2.25 2.2d 2.21 2.31 3.10 O tvenness 0.37 0.63 0.58 0.46 0.39 0.36 0.37 0.44 0.61 2 11L4 Number of Species 14.64 9.18 14.92 17.75 23.25 15.56 21.14 18.09 9.56 14.87 Shannon Indes 3.18 2.53 2.91 3.06 3.25 2.32 3.28 2.24 2.15 1.84 Evennesa 0.62 0.56 0.57 0.58 0.55 0.41 0.60 0.41 0.42 0.30 11M N eber of Species 24.75 14.75 14.38 17.44 15.18 Shannun Indea 3.20 1.86 2.90 2.01 3.20 oo Evenness 0.69 0.44 0.77 0.49 0.82 >= 1!11 >O 2 Number of Species 7.00 9.13 0.69 17.56 19.19 23.56 28.06 23.50 23.56 11.19 8.75 11.75 7 C Shannun Indes 1.67 2.64 2.24 0.89 3.06 2.33 3.36 3.63 2.76 2.73 1.60 2.64 gO svenness 0.60 0.84 0.73 0.21 0.72 0.51 0.70 0.80 0.61 0.79 0.51 0.75 .p C 1977 F N t/n i ~ umber of Species 4.00 10.00 12.00 13.31 21.00 25.62 22.88 25.50 36.75 16.88 20.31 15.31 T712 Shannon I Mes 1.53 2.59 3.01 2.98 3.15 3.45 3.32 3.60 3.71 3.35 3.42 3.42 2 [71 Evennese 0.78 0.79 0.87 0.81 0.72 0.74 0.73 0.77 0.71 0.82 0.79 0.86 $p m w 11M N"O O Number of Species 0.12 7.12 4.31 5.12 7.62 6.25 10.25 11.25 12.50 0.25 10.88 10.38 2 7 d Shannon Inden 2.48 2.41 1.53 1.70 1.53 1.33 2.50 2.44 2.53 2.28 2.15 2.00 svenness 0.33 0.85 0.74 0.71 0.52 0.50 0.76 0.70 0.70 0.73 0.62 0.83 g 1979 2 O S E r of Species 10.62 6.00 10.25 15.88 17.25 14.25 16.88 21.50 18.12 12.00 14.62 14.00 d Shannun IMen 2.51 2.52 3.05 3.42 2.36 3.02 2.42 3.30 3.36 2.99 2.84 3.10 svenness 0.74 0.93 0.90 0.86 0.58 0.00 0.60 0.74 0.80 0.84 f 74 0.8) I 2 p 11!0 m4 Number of Species 11.62 11.00 12.50 10.00 8.00 15.00 21.00 15.00 18.00 22.00 18.00 18.00 T Shannon IMes 2.51 2.70 3.03 2.41 2.00 2.91 3.63 2.79 3.23 2.88 3.26 3.36 O Evenness 0.70 0.78 0.84 0.72 0.66 0.74 6.82 0.71 0.77 0.64 0.78 0.80 d 1111 Number of Species 8.00 12.00 7.00 11.00 19.00 12.00 23.00 24.00 20.00 21.00 17.00 10.00 Shannon Indes 2.14 3.02 2.28 2.32 3.44 2.73 2.96 3.55 2.62 3.05 2.66 2.47 Evenness 0.71 0.84 0.81 0.67 0.81 0.76 0.65 0.77 0.60 0.69 0.65 0.14

N!anks represent periods when no collections were made.

Dvalue cannot be verified. 'Shannon-Nenner Indes. l l i SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Weiner diversity indices in 1981 ranged from 2.14 to 3.55 and were consistant with the range of 1.80 to 3.28 that occurred during preoperational years from 1973 to I 1975. The variation in evenness during 1981 (0.60 to 0.84) was at the upper portion of the range reported from 1973 te 1980 (0.21 to 0.93). Summary and Conclusions Zooplankton densities throughout 1981 were typical of a temperate zooplankton community found in large river habitats. Total densities were similar to those reported in pcevious years. The population peak in 1981 was delayed or interrupted in June by inc eased current and turbidity caused by high water conditions from heavy rain showers. Protozoans and rotifers were always predominant. Common and abundant taxa in 1981 were similar to those reported during preoperational and other operational years. Shannon-Weiner diversity, number of species and evenness were within the ranges or slightly greater than those of preceeding years. Based on the data collected during the five operating years (1976 through 1981) and the three preoperating years (1973 through 1975), it is concluded that the overall abundance and species composition of the zooplankton in the Ohio River near BVPS has remained stable and possibly improved slightly over the nine year period from 1973 to 1981. No evidence of appreciable harm to the river zooplankton from BVPS Unit 1 operation was found. The data indicate that increased turbidity and current from high water conditions have the strongest effects of delaying the population peaks and temporarily decreasing total zooplankton densities in the Ohio River near BVPS. I I I I I I 63 l SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT E. FISH Objective To detect changes which might occur to fish populations in the Ohio River near BVPS. I Methods Adult fish surveys were performed in May, July, September and November 1981. During each survey, fish were collected at the three study areas transects (Figure V-E-1), using gilt nets, minnow traps, and electrofishing gear. Cill nets, consisting of five, 25 f t panels of 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 inch square I mesh were used. Two nets were positioned perpendicular to shore at each transect, with the small mesh inshore. As Transect 2 consists of the main river channel (2A) and the back channel, south of Phillis Island (2B), a total of eight gill nets were set per sampling month. Nets were set for approximately 24 hours. All captured fish were identified, counted, measurcd for total length (mm) and weighed (g). Electrofishing was conducted with a boat-mounted boom electroshocker. Direct current of 220 volts and two to four amps was generally used. Shocking time was maintained at 10 minutes per station for each survey. The shoreline areas of each I transect were shocked and large fish processed as described for the gill net collections. Small fish were immediately preserved with 10% for:nalin and returned to the laboratory for analysis in the following manner. All game fish were measured and weighed individually. Samples of non-game fish which contained 30 specimens or less were measured individually and weighed together. Samples of non-game fish containing more than 30 specimens were subsampled. Total lengths were recorded for 30 randomly chosen specimens, and a batch weight obtained for I the entire sample. The length range was determined by visual inspection of the largest and smallest fish. Minnow traps were baited with bread and placed next to the inshore side of each gill net on each sampling date. These traps were painted black and brown with a camouflage design. All captured fish were preserved and processed in the laboratory in the manner described for electrofishing. I 64 I Em m aus muu m Emu m m m um m aus Eng as um um em um v.mo:!oz sac,o o ,aco sooo s 1.. O, (q/ ,tiv-g scua rear

l:",h G

n,:,:>a~;A. Q,' % 't '- /? N9. a 2o s ~ &,h!DM'1,,l.';4: >,;> \\_ fE a 's, e c ' c N >0 w,,%,,,,,, / e...... r g ..,,y:;f 7"q. mz 'Q': g 2 ) y~,4, nm vi noen a_u3 O y X. jjg g

r.. 8 i., s zO e

ese gg >m O' r>2 ns g y w mA LEGEND // 2A SYMBOLet m Di BE AVER VALLEY DISCHARGE h I-3 STATION NUP.18ER en D2 SHIPPINGPORT DISCHARGE ELECTROFISHING H i g D3 INDUSTRI AL DISCHARGE

f 28 i

I GILL NET e AfD TO NAVIGATION i BEAVER

AINi40W TRAP

TR ANSMISSION LINE ER ST T ON OWER STATION FIGURE V-E-1 FISil SAMPLING STATIONS, BVPS

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Results Fish population studies have been conducted in the Ohio River near BVPS since I 1974 to present. These surveys have collected 50 fis' species (Table V-E-1). In 1981, 29 fish species were collected, one species (golden shiner) had not been captured previously. A combined total of 1,546 individuals were collected in 1981 by electrofishing, gill netting, and minnow traps (Table V-E-2). I A total of 1,196 fish, representing 25 species was collected by electrofishing (Table V -E-3). Emerald shiners dominated the catch numerically, accounting for 71.6% of I the total electrofishing catch. Collectively, the minnow family accounted for 86.9% of the total electrofishing catch in 1981. Gizzard shad, also a forage species, represented 7.5% of the catch. The most abundant sport fish was smallmouth bass which comprised 2.5% of the electrofishing catch. Each of the other taxa accounted for less than 1% of the total. Most of fish were collected in November (54.3%). The fewest fish were collected in May (3.5%). I Numerical and species composition differences between transects were not apparent from the electrofishing surveys in the vicinity of BVPS in 1981 (Tables I V-E-2 and V-E-4). Gill netting yielded a total of 46 fish, representing 12 species (Tables V-E-2). Channel catfish and carp were the most abundant fishes caught 32.6% and 23.9%, respectively. Sauger and walleye were the next abundant species representing 10.9% and 8.7% of the total gill net catch. Freshwater drum accounted for 6.5% of the catch. The remaining catch consisted of gizzard shad, northern pike, white I bass, green sunfish, spotted bass, ye!!ow perch, redhorse, and guillback each represented by one specimen (2.2%). The gill net results varied by month with the highest catches in the warmer months, July (21 fish) and September (16 fish). The May and November catches resulted in 6 fish and 3 fish, respectively. Since gill nets require the fish to actively force its head into the mesh and subsequently catching its gills, it is common to have higher gill net catches when the water is warmer and the fish are more active (Table V-E-4). I 66 I

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I TABLE V-E-1 (SCIENTIFIC AND CO N N NAME)I"I FAMILIES AND SPECIES OF FISH COLLECTED IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 1970-1981 BVPS Family and Scientific Name Common Name Lepisosteidae (gars) Lepisosteus osseus Longnose gar Clupeidae (herrings) Alosa chrysochloris Skipjack herring Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad Esocidae (pikes) Esox lucius Northern pike I E. masquinongy Muskellunge E. lucius X E. masquinongy Tiger muskellunge Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) I Campostoma anomalum Central stoneroller Carassius auratus Goldfish Cyprinus carpio Common carp I C_. carpio X Carassius auratus Carp-goldfish hybrid Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner Notropis atherinoides Emerald shiner l N. cornutus Cournon shiner E N. rubellus Rosyface shiner N,. spilopterus Spotfin shiner N. scramineus Sand shiner k.volucellus Mimic shiner Pimephales notatus Bluntnose minnow Rhinichthys atratulus Blacknose dace Semotilus atromaculatus Creek chub Catostomidae (suckers) Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback I Catoste. w ersoni White sucker Hypente. 1 nigricans Northern hog sucker Ictiobus niger Black buffalo I Moxostoma anisurum Silver redhorse M,. duquesnei Black redhorse M,. erythrurum Golden redhorse M,. macrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse I I 67 I

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT TABLE V-E-1 (Continued) I Family and Scientific Name Comon Name Ictaluridae (bullhead catfishes) I Ictalurus catus White catfish I,. melas Black bullhead I. natalis Yellow bullhead I I_. nebulosus Brown bullhead I. punctatus Channel catfish Percopsidae (trout-perches) I Percopsis omiscomaycus Trout-perch Cyprinodontidae (killifishes) Fundulus diaphanus Banded killifish Percichthyidae (temperate basses) Morone chrysops White bass Centrarchidae (sunfishes) Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass I Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish L_. gibbosus Pumpkinseed L_. macrochirus Bluegill I Micropterus dolomieui Smallmouth bass M. punctulatus Spotted bass M_. salmoides Largemouth bass Panoxis annularis White crappie I P. nigromaculatus Black crappie Percidae (perches) l Etheostoma nigrum Johnny darter W E. zonale Banded darter Perca flavescens Yellow perch Percina caprodes Logperch i Stizostedion canadense Sauger S_. vitreum vitreum Walleye I Sciaenidae (drums) Aplodinctus grunniens Freshwater drum I (a) Nomenclature follows Robins et al. (1980). I I I 68 I

5 M' M M w IT1O TABLE V-E-2 -1 NUMBER OF FISH COLLECTED BY CILL NET (C), ELECTROFISHING (E) AND HINNOW TRAP (H) O AT TRANSECTS IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE 01110 RIVER, 1981 2 BVPS Transect I __ Transect 2A Transect 25 Transect 3 Craud Total Annual TAXA C E M C E M C E H C E M C E M Total Cizzard shad 4 30 31 1 25 1 90 91 Northern pike 1 1 1 y Car p 3 21 2 5 3 7 3 12 11 45 56 7 O Colden shiner i l 1 zC Emerald shiner 202 40 201 14 305 86 148 !!9 856 259 1115 CO Spotfin shiner 1 1 2 8 1 3 10 13 >C Sand shiner 31 10 26 3 5 2 10 72 15 87 F@ Mimic shiner 4 10 1 1 2 17 1 18 ru z Bluntnose minnow 24 2 17 1 4 1 45 4 49 2 In m Quillback I i 1 _r W Northern hog sucker 2 1 3 3 M ~O Silver redhorse 1 I I O 2 Colden redborse 2 1 3 3 2 ~4 Shorthead redhorse 1 I 2 2 gn I 1 1 zO Redhorse sp. Brown bullhead 1 I 1 .i 3 Channel catfish 2 1 2 2 2 9 2 15 15 5 IS 35 >T White bass 1 I I F>2 Rock base 2 2 2 M< TU Creen sunfish 1 1 I I 2 Pumpkinseed 1 I I Blue gi I l 2 3 5 5 y Smallmouth base 4 11 15 30 30 4 Spotted base 2 1 1 I I 4 5 Largemouth bass 3 3 3 Sunfish sp. 1 I I Yellow perch 1 1 1 I 2 Logperch 3 3 3 Sauger I 1 3 5 1 6 Walleye 1 3 4 4 Freshwater drum 3 3 3 Total 7 300 52 6 314 19 7 377 98 26 205 135 46 1896 304 1546

m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m TABLE V-E-3

-1 NUMBER OF FISH COLLECTED PER MONTH BY CILL NET (C), ELECTROFISHING (E) AND MINNOW TRAP (M)

IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 1981 7 BVPS 4 Month May July Sept ember November Annual Percent of TAKA C E M C E M C E M C E M Total Annual Total Q oo Cissard shad 2 1 25 38 25 91 5.9 Northern pike 1 1 0.1 Carp 3 36 6 6 2 2 1 56 3.6 2 c Colden shiner 1 1 0.1 g Emerald shiner 96 1 14 160 92 586 166 1115 72.1 yC Spotfin shiner I I I 8 2 13 0.8 r m Sand shiner 10 17 17 8 28 7 87 5.6 gy Mimic shiner 3 10 4 1 18 1.2 2m Bluntnose minnov 5 3 13 17 10 1 49 3.2

U sand shiner 57.6 129.1 52.5 95.9 0.8 93.6 32.3 23.2 17.4 81.0 52.6 26.2 13.3 45.2 25.0 10.2 2 nimie shiner 3.5 7.0 0.5 1.6 6.2 3.0 1.8 1.1 0.3 2.2 1.0 3.2 timenose alnnow 33.3 72.3 53.2 57.8 12.0 89.4 15.4 18.0 6.1 31.2 45.3 44.9 21.4 40.0 10.2 5.2 2 C Oreet chub 0.9 c.5 0.5 CO 8tonero11er 4.3 pC Blacknose dace 0.2 p (Tl white sucker 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.3 [Tl z M Northern hug sucker 0.7 1.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0,3 0.2 0.0 medhorse 0.3 2m siteer redhorse 8.3 0.2 Black g-dhorse 0.0 1.0 0.3 0.3 ~g ~ Q Golden redhorse 1.5 1.5 0.0 0.2 O 143 Shor theaJ redhorse 0.8 0.4 0.2 Z Te!!ow tretthead 0.4 0.2 0.2 2 -{ troom tmithead 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.1 $ O Channel catfish 0.3 0.0 1.0 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.5 1.2 TTI Trout-perch 1.5 0.1 0.5 0.2 2 O tended killitteh 0.1 .-{ 3 White base 0.5 4.1 0.$ pT auca tess 0.4 0.1 0.5 y sunfish (t.ep als) hybrid 0.3 0.2 Creen sunftsh 0.3 0.5 1.4 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.2 NMq Fueg4&nseed 4.3 0.5 0.5 6.7 1.0 0.5 0.2 alue9111 6.6 1.5 3.0 0.5 1.5 1.9 0.6 0.2 0.3 1.4 0.2 0.8 T smallmouth base 0.9 2.3 3.0 0.3 0.5 4.6 3.0 0.0 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.9 2.0 6.5 O s,tte.S base 0.9 2.7 2.6 4.6 1.5 0.4 2.7 2.1 1.5 0.5 e Largemouth base 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.8 1.4 1.1 0.7 0.7 0.3 0.2 0.0 =4 White craggle 1,3 g,g g,g stack crapple 0.5 0.3 0.2 Johnny dester 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.1 0.2 Tellow per d 0.3 0.5 0.0 8.1 0.2 0.2 Logperch 0.3 05 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.0 Sauger 0.5 0.2 weggeye 0.5 Freshwater drum 0.2 Tural 150.0 645.2 139.4 235.9 65.6 250.6 146.9 225.2 106.5 359.2 125.3 122.8 12.5 153.6 91.3 224.0

nny.3vg.

bAUG, pKN MAf-SEF, BAN MAV, JUL, SEP AND NOV umO -t O2 TABLE V-B-4 GILL NET CATCN (PISE/24 EUB) MEAMS (a) AT TRANSECTS IM TMS MEM CIDeERIAMD 700L OF THE CE1J BlVER, 1974-1981 BVPS Treneoct 1 Traneoct 24 28 3 ] b d 4 4 e e a b 4 4 d a jpectee M* 1975 1976* E go e g Longnose gar 0.2 p Clasare shed 9.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 7 O Jorthern Pike 0.1 4.1 <0.1 7 C <0.1 < 0.1 Mos e e n.n,e <0.1 Co Tiger mastellunge 0.1 0.1 40.1 <0.1 >C Coldfish <0.1 0.1 <0.1 Ip Corp 8.0 1.2 0.1 0.4 0.6 < 0.1 0.4 0.9 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 m Goldfish a Carp hybrid 0,1 g,g p7 Qu111 bach 8.1 0.2 0.1 <0.1 0.2 - 0.1 <0.1 9.1 2g white sucker = 0.3 0.2 0.2 8.1 40.1 40.1 <0.1 stock sedhosse < 0.1 0.1 40.1 I q Sliver reanosee <0.1 = = = 40.1 %] y elect ana13b ad 8.1 Q arowse kas11 head 0.4 0.1 0.2 <0.1 40.1 Z Yellow t.u11 head 9.1 7 white catfish <0.1 g"'* O Channel catfish = 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.3 1.3 0.4 1.0 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 O noch base 0.3 4.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 < 0.1 ( 0.1 40.1 Green eenftsh 8.1 0.1 0,g < 0.1 PumpkinseeJ 4.1 al.estil = = 8.1 F saatinoute base 0.1 <0.1 <0.1 p 2 Largemouth bass 0.2 40.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 40.1 4 0.1 = gN Spotted base P.1 0.7 0.1 40.1 0.2 0.1 < e.1 <0.1 0.1

4.1 N

white crapple 0.1 4 0.1 <0.1 4.1 0.1 Q elect cresple 0.1 40.1 0.1 <0.1 g fellow sorch 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.0 0.3 0.2 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.1 0.1 < 0.1 wa11 eye 0.2 4.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 '0.1 0.2 0.1 = S **M8 0.2 0.1 0.1 40.1 0.2 0.3 4 0.1 0.2 Preshwater drum = g,1 Total 1.0 3.4 2.2 3.2 2.9 0.0-1.3 0.4 0.0 2.2 3.1 1.5-2.2 3.5-4.3 1.3-1.9 1.3-1.9 1.2-1.6 1.5

MAY, SEP, NOW AUG. SEP, NOV

MAT-SEP bT-SEP,NOV

MAT, JUL, SEP, NOV l

I l 1 i l l l m SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY -[ I 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 1 Suinmary and Conclusions / The fish community of the Ohio River in the vicinity of BVPS have been Sampled c ~ I ill-from 1974 to present using a multi-fishing gear approach (electrofishing, t netting, minnow.. raps, and seines). The results of these fish survey 5'show nornad community str v.ture based on species composition and relative abundance. In all the surveys since 1974, forage species (minnows and shiners) were collected in the highest numbers. This indicates a normal fish community since spo?t secles and predators rely heavily on this forage base for their survival. Variations in total annual catch are attributable primarily to fluctuations in the population size of the small species. Small species with high reproductive potentials, frequently respond ' to changes in natural environmental factors such as competition, fnod availabilityr - I cover and water quality wi'th large changes in population size. Thus,'these ~' fluctuations are naturally occurring and do take place in the vicinity of BVPS. I Although variation in total catches has occurred, species composition has remained fairly stable. Since the initiation of studies in 1974, forage fish of the timily Cyprinidae have dominated the catches. Emerald shiners, sand shiners and bluntnose minnows have consistently been the most numerous fish. Carp,7 channel I catfish, smallmouth bass, yellow perch and walleye have all remained coaunon species. ~ Differences in the 1981 electrofishing and gill net catches, between the Control f and Non-Control Transects were similar to previous years (both operational and-pre-operational) and were likely due to the habitat preferences 5t individual species. Data collected from 1974 through 1981 indicate that fish community in the study area have not been adversely affected by BVPS operation. I 'I I 'I 75 SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY ?. 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT o D F. ICHTHYOPLANKTON y gj - Objective To monitor the extent fishes utilize the back channel of Phillis Island as spawning and nursery grounds. This is important because of the area's potential as a spawning I ground and relative proximity to the BVPS discharge structure. /, / Methods Four monthly surveys were conducted during the primary spawning season for most resident species (20 April,12 May,17 June, afid 22 July). One surface and one ,~ G ~ bottom collection were taken at Traneect 2B (back i:hannel of Phillis Island) during ~~ each survey (Figure V-F-1). Tows were made in a zig-zai; fashion across the channel utilizing a 0.5 m conical 505Imidon mesh plankton net. A General Oceanics, Model 2030, digital flowmeter, mounted centocally in the net mouth, ~ was used to determine the volume of water filtered. pmples were preserved in 5% ~'~ buffered formalin containing rose bengal dye. In the laboratory, ichthyoplankton was sorted from the sample and enumerated. ~ Each specimen was identified to its stage of development and lowest possible 3 taxon. Densities of ichthyoplankton (#/100 r6 ) were calculated for each sample using flowmeter data. Results A total of 7 eggs,72 larvae, and one juvenile was collected in 1981 (Table V-F-1). Six taxa representing six families were identified. Cyprinidae spp. (minnows and carps) accounted for 83.8% (67 larvae) of the total catch. ] Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) eggs, represented 57.1% of eggs taken, was the only identifiable egg taxon collected in 19S1 (Table V-F-1). Larval catch was dominated by minnows (Cyprinidae spp.), which accounted for 93.1% of the total yearly catch. Other taxa included Stizostedion spp. (2.8% of the total larval catch), gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum; 1.4%), sunfish (Lepomis sp.; 1.4%), and freshwater drum (1.4%). A single channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) represented the only juvenile collected in 1981; no adults were collected. I 76 I M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M LA TTIOdo 2 esoo o esoo novo [, c scatt FEff e e hr - ; y, N)k,j a-s ^ ,M > _M1 9 v". hk. Nh 4-y es i 2-y =,,, ' r t _, - } \\ l cD O %s_~s '. :, c t,. 3, >C N g r, ? , sme.. r0 '12, ,,u. gb J \\i ^ ~ '[7-s,, Z N g r g _,-

5 q

$g %) "%' ~ N O y '/ "'T9 l O q 1Q y ~rO v.. s., e A5 qg y, 4043 Q'- F' em. (4 u*y go I - ns O\\ R< LEGEND j; SYMBOLS m O h DI SEAVER VALLEY DISCHARGE [ y*,,,, A SURFACE TOWS

c sa D2 SHIPPINGPORT DISCHARGE

! m i @ a BOTTOM TOWS D3 lNDUSTRIAL DISCHARGE - . n2B I 6,',,,,,, O AlD TO NAVIGATION I BEAVER v LLEY

TRANS WIS9 TON LINE ER ST T N WEp STATION FIGURE V-F-1 ICIITilYOPLANKTON SAMPLING STATIONS, BVPS

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE V-F-1 NINBERANDDENSgTYOFFISHEEGS, LARVAE, JUVENILES,ANDADULTS O g (Number /100 m ) COLLECTED WIDI A 0.5 m PIANKTON NET IN THE g OHIO RIVER BACK CHANNEL OF PHILLIS ISLAND (STATION 2B) 2 NEAR BVPS, 1981 Date Depth of Collection Total Collected and 20 April Surface Bottom Taxa Lensity Vol, water filtered (m ) 107.0 75.6 182.6 ~ No. eggs collected 1 1 2 )C No. larvae collected 0 0 0 C[2 No. juveniles collected 0 0 0 C c No. adults collected 0 0 0 r-rn Density (number collected) $rn Eggs $,q y m Unidentifiable 0.93 (1) 1.32 (1) 1.10 (2) y Total density (number collected) 0.93 (1) 1.32 (1) 1.10 (2) 24 7$O 12 May 2h 4 >T Vol. water filtered (m ) 73.6 72.3 145.9 No. eggs collected 0 0 0 rn "< No. larvae collected 0 0 0 "O 0 No. juveniles collected 0 0 0 No. adults collected 0 0 0 -4 Density (number collected) 0 0 0 Total density (number collected) 0 0 0

m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE V-F-1 (Continued) mrn Date Depth of Collection Total Collected and O 17 June Surface Bottom Taxa Density 2 3 Vol. water filtered (m ) 76.4 113.0 189.4 No eggs collected 3 2 5 No. larvae collected 25 19 44 No. juveniles collected 0 1 1 No. adults collected 0 0 0 ,_e Density (number collected) g Eggs y Aplodinotus grunniens 3.93 (3) 0.88 (1) 2.11 (4) 29 Unidentifihble 0 0.88 (1) 0.53 (1) hC Larvae f~ Cyprinidae sp. (YL) 15.70 (12) 10.62 (12) 12.67 (24) Cyprinidae sp. (EL) 14.39 (11) 6.20 (7) 9.50 (18) gZ rn a Stizontedion sp. (EL) 2.62 (2) 0 1.06 (2) 5 r-Juvenile M3 h% Ictalurus punctatus 0 0.88 (1) 0.53 (1) Total density (number collected) 36.65 (28) 19.47 (22) 26.40 (50) hO 2 O 22 July >r- > Vol. water filtered (m ) 99.5 63.9 163.4 y< No, eggs collected 0 0 0 'oO No. larvae collected 19 9 28 p No. juveniles collected 0 0 0 -1 No. adults collected 0 6 0 Density (number collec*ed) Larvae Dorosoma cepedianum (EL) 1.01 (1) 0 0.61 (1) Cyprinidae app. (YL) 0 3.13 (2) 1.22 (2) Cyprinidae spp. (EL) 17.09 (17) 9.39 (6) 14.08 (23) Leposis sp. (EL) 1.01 (1) 0 0.61 (1) Aplodinotus grunniens (YL) 0 1.56 (1) 0.61 (1) Total density (number collected) 19.10 (19) 14.08 (9) 17.14 (28)

M M m M M M M TABLE V-F-1 (Continued) Depth of Collection Total Collected and N Yearly Totals Surface Bottom Taxa Density h U 3 Vol water filtered (m ) 356.5 324.8 681.3 25 No. eggs collected 4 3 7 No. larvae collected 44 28 72 No. juveniles collected 0 1 1 No. adults collected 0 0 0 Density (number collected) Eggs Aplodinotus grunniens 0.84 (3) 0.31 (1) 0.59 (4) gg Unidentifiable 0.28 (1) 0.62 (2) 0.44 (3) 2 C Larvae CO Dorosoma cepedianum (EL) 0.28 (1) 0 0.15 (1) %h Cyprinidae app. (YL) 3.37 (12) 4.31 (14) 3.82 (26) m$ Cyprinidae app. (EL) 7.85 (28) 4.00 (13) 6.02 (41) 2 rn Lepomis sp. (EL) 0.28 (1) 0 0.15 (1) d CO Stizostedion sp. (EL) 0.56 (2) 0 0.29 (2) o Aplodinotus grunniens (YL) 0 0.31 (1) 0.15 (1) 2% hn Juveniles Ictalurus punctatus 0 0.31 (1) 0.15 (1) 2 O HK Total density (number collected) 13.46 (48) 9.86 (32) 11.76 (80) g] 2 Wrn 4 T O H l l l

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Sampling on 20 April resulted in the collection of a single unidentifiable egg (Table V-F-1). Samples collected on 12 May yielded no ichthyoplankton. Sampling on 17 June yielded most (62.5%) of the ichthyoplankton taken in 1981 including fresh-3 3 water drum eggs (2.ll/100m ), minnow yolk-sac and early larvae, (9.50/100m and 3 3 12.67/100m, respectively), Stizostedion sp. larvae (1.06/100m ), and a channel 3 catfish juvenile (0.53/100m ). I No eggs were collected on 22 July (Table V-F-1). Minnow was the only taxon represented by more than a single specimen on this date. A total of two minnow 3 3 yolk-sac larvae (1.22/100m ) and 23 minnow early larvae (14.08/100m ) was collected. Comparison of Preoperational and Operational Data Species abundance and composition was similar to that found in previous years. The unusually high cyprinid larval densities reported on 22 July 1980 did not 3 reoccur in 1981. The densities of ichthyoplankton (number /100m ) collected in the back channel (Station 28) f rom 1973-74,1976-1981 are presented in Table V-F-2. Summary and Conclusions As in previous years, cyprinids dominated the 1981 ichthyoplankton catch from the back channel of Phillis Island. Peak densities of minnows occurred in June and July and consisted mostly of the early larval stage. Little or no s 7wning was noted in April and May. No substantial differences were observed in species composition or l spawning activity of most species over previous years. I ' I I 81

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT TABLE V-F-2 3 DENSITY OF ICHTHYOPLANKTON (Number /100m ) COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER BACK CHANNEL OF PHILLIS ISLAND (STATION 2B) NEAR BVPS, 1973-1974, 1976-1981 Date Density Date Density 1973 1978 12 April 0 22 April 0 17 May 0 5 May 0 20 June 16.10 20 May 0.98 26 July 3.25 2 June 4.01 16 June 12.15 2 July 13.32 1974 16 April 0 24 May 0 1979 13 June 6.98 19 April 0 26 June 9.25 1 May 0 16 July 59.59 17 May 0.81 1 August 6.85 7 June 0.39 20 June 11.69 5 July 14.82 1976 29 April 0.70 19 May 0 1980 18 June 5.99 23 April 0.42 2 July 6.63 21 May 0.53 15 July 3.69 19 June 9.68 29 July 4.05 22 July 107.04 1977 i l 14 April 0 1981 11 May 0.90 20 April 1.10 9 June 24.22 12 May 0 22 June 3.44 17 June 26.40 7 July 3.31 22 July 17.14 20 July 28.37 l l 82 l l

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT G. FISH IMPINGEMENT (ETS Reference 3.1.3.7) Obiective impingement surveys were conducted to monitor the quantity of impinged fish on tt traveling screens. Methods Impingement surveys were conducted weekly throughout 1981 (Table V-A-1). Except when technical difficulties delayed sampling, weekly fish impingement sampling began on Thursday mornings when all four traveling screens were washed. A collection basket of 0.25 inch mesh netting was placed it the end of the screen washwater sluiceway (Figure V-u-1). On Frihy mornings, af ter approximately 24 hours, each screen was washed individually for 13 minutes (one complete revolution of the screen) and all aquatic organisms collected. Fish were identified, counted, measured for total length (mm) and weighed (g). Data were summarized according to operating intake bays (bays that had pumps operating in the 24 hr sampling period) and non-operating intake bays. Results The BVPS impingement surveys of 1976 through 1981 have resulted in the collection of 32 species of fish representing nine families (Table V-G-1). A total of 141 fish, representing 20 species (21 taxa) was collected in 1981 (Table V-G-2). Channel catfish were dominant with 36.9% of the total annual catch, followed by emerald shiner (26.2%) and gizzard shad (12.0%). Freshwater drum (5 specimens) accounted for 3.5% with all other taxa represented by three or fewer specimens. No endangered or threatened species were collected (Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1980). In addition,181 crayfish, 84 clams (18 Lampsilus), and 66 Corbicula) and 28 dragonflies were collected on the traveling screens in 1981 (Table V-G-6). I One golden shiner, a species not collected in previous years, was collected in 1981. All fishes ranged in size from 23 mm to 261 mm, with the majority under 100 mm. The total weight of fish collected in 1981 was 0.94 kg (2.07 lbs)(Table V-G-2). I I 33

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT FIGURE V-G-1 INTAKE STRUCTURE BVPS I ........cr c...e g b ' Q., 1,.ICI f. 6 ,,..h. ~ ' ~ b..........., c' m:U. = n. =,....... g gl F y '. /l ::::n.n.:nn::.;.. p g /I.NUI E!'.UNE 'UU t .n 's --y I b' $Nis!,'" Nn'r' 3 l -" Ny n! ' f'ry7 .,,udpd'.11 yp: s I n.... - .g (( ...c,...,....n.. S t. ( g....,....,. u......... : H C. (1 .0 ) I (Three dimensic9al: Cutaway View) I I h ~k e ,. ~., x-Cta.L2 was j! sno.og g,r,s,.Cg Qoo o no.** stRvt ,,,,. m.w.. . art. as. 1 bG b 'dtL St., [ a p "urc,wr F "'" 5 j .....u.. b *l.ir'."E *.'!" A .c'N e'. i .au l,[ . m...- - y

e. *ect.

I

f y lM'fa j

7.',"c," -, r_bl.ueY.M 8 cu. O \\I jl }} /, I s,u.m,- (Two dimensional: Side View) 84 I

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I TABLE V-G-1 I (SCIENTIFIC AND COMMON NAME)(" FAMILIES AND SPECIES OF FISH COLLECTED DURING THE IMPINGEMENT SURVEYS, 1976-1981 BVPS Family and Scientifig Name Common Name Clupeidae (herrings) Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad I Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) Cyprinus carpio Common carp Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner Notropis atherinoides Emerald shiner N. spilopterus Spotfin shiner N. stramineus Sand shiner N. volucellus Mimic shiner Pimephales notatus Bluntnose minnow Catostomidae (suckers) Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback I Catostomus commersoni White sucker Moxostoma carinatum River redhorse I Ictaluridae (bullhead catfishes) Ictalurus catus White catfish I. natalis Yellow bullhead I_. nebulosus Brown bullhead I. punctatu_s Channel catfish Noturus flavus Stonecat I Percopsidae (trout-perches) Percopsis emiscomayeus Trout-perch Cyprinodontidae (killifishes) I Fundulus diaphanus Banded killifish Centrarchidae (sunfishes) I Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish L. gibbosus Pumpkinseed I L. macrochirus Bluegill Micropterus dolomieui Smallmouth bass M. punctulatus Spotted bass M. salmoides Largemouth bass I Pomoxis annularis White crappie P,. nigromaculatus Black crappie I I 85 I

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT l TABLE V-G-1 (Conr.inued) Family and Scientific Name Common Name Percidae (perches) Etheoatoma nigrum Johnny darter Perca flavescens Yellow perch .I Percina caprodes Logperch Stizostedion vitreum vitreum Walleye ,E Sciaenidae (drums) Freshwater drum 'E Aplodinotus grunniens !I l (a)Nanenclature follows Robins et al. (1980) I I I l l I I I I I I 8E lI l

e e e m W m M M M M M M M M M u fTl O H O2 TABLE V-G-2 Su1 MARY OF FISH COi.LECTED IN IMPINGEMENT SURVEYS COeE)UCTID FOR ONE 24 HOUR PERIOD PER WEEE DURING 1981 BVPS operating Intake saye *I Won-Operating intake Baye(b) I Percent Alive Dead Alive Dead Length ,0,0 e Frequency of Percent Weight Weight Weight Weight Range T Number occurrence composi tion N eber (q) Number J_ Number (g) Number (g) (mm) y 7 Q Gissard shad 17 21.6 12.0 17 569.0 Z C Cam p 2 3.9 1.4 1 3.0 1 5.0 114 44-261 g Golden shines 1 2.0 0.7 1 14.0 yC Emerald shiner 37 23.5 26.2 1 1.0 32 38.2 61-67 g ITI sand shines 3 2.0 2.1 3 1.0 4 3.0 23-06 M Mimic shiner 1 2.0 0.7 1

1. 0

?5-37 M2 61untrose minnow 3 5.9 2.1 3 4.0 44 30-65 IF Yellow tallhead 1 2.0 0.7 1 6.0 arown bulthead 3 3.9 2.1 2 2.0 1 2.0 38-53 O1 80 N ~C) t'hannel catfish 52 43.1 36.9 17 36.0 31 137.5 2 3.0 2 2.0 31-195 2 H Trout-perch 3 5.9 2. 1 4.0 1 3.0 1 4.0 40-69 5 Green sunflob 2 3.9 1.4 1 2.0 1 11.0 51-88 g aluegill 2 3.9 1.4 O 2 22.0 86-87 Sall ooth base 2 3.9 1.4 1 4.0 1 1.0 35-75 s-S ptted bass 1 2.0 0.7 alack crapple 1 2.0 0.7 1 3.0 pg 1 14.0 103 Sunfloh (hqs sp.) 1 2.0 0.7 1 ". 0 60 Jct.nny darter 1 2.0 0.7 29 N,, 1 1.0 50 Mg Logperch 1 2.0 0.7 1 6.0 Walleye 2 3.9 1.4 2 16.0 O 93 Freshwater dsum 5 3.9 3.5 1 5.0 2 6.0 2 7.0 52-80 87-93 p g i Total 141 27 76.0 95 788.7 10 51.0 9 24.0 l Percent of Total 19.1 8.1 67.4 83.9 7.1 5.4 6.4 2.5 i 5 (a) Intake bays that had pumpe operating within the 24 hr sampling period. (b) Intake bays that had no pumpe operating within the 24 hr sampling period. i i f t

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I The temporal distribution of the 1981 impingement catch follows closely with the pattern of catches of previous years (1976 to 1980) (Tables V-G-3 and V-G-4). I During each year, the largest numbers of fish have been collected in the winter months (December-February) and then the catch has gradually decreased until July-September when another smaller peak has occurred. Comparison of Impinged and River Fish A comparison of the number of fish collected in the river and traveling screens is presented in Table V-G-5. Four fish species were collected only in the impingement surveys, while 13 species were taken exclusively in the river. The major difference in species composition between the two collections is the absence of many large species in the impingement collections. Five species of suckers and redhorses, and seven species of sport fish (pumpkinseed, northern pike, white bass, rock largemouth bass, sauger and yellow perch) were not collected in the impingement surveys. Those sport fish which were collected on the traveling screens (clannel catfish, smallmouth bass, and walleye) were smaller than individuals of those species collected by river sampling. Minnows and shiners constituted a larger percentage of the river collections than in the impingement I collections. Comparison of Operating and Non-Operating Intake Bay Collections Of the 141 fish collected during the 1981 impingement studies, 122 (86.5%) were collected from operating intake bays and 19 (13.5%) non-operating intake bays (Table V-G-2). However, due to differences between the number of operating (126) and non-operating (76) screens washed in 1981, the impingement data were I 2 computed with catch expressed as fish per 1000 m of screen surface area washed. These results showed 5.4 and 1.4 fish for operating and non-operating screens, I respectively. As in previous years, the numbers of fish collected in non-operating bays indicates that fish entrapment, rather than impingement, accounts for some of the catch. Entrapment occurred when fish were Idted out of the water on the frame plates as the traveling screen rotates. Alternatively, when fish were i impinged they were forced against the screens due to velocities created by the l circulating water pumps. I; I 1I l 88 I

M M M M M M M M M M m W M M M M M M M TJSLE V-G-3 fil

SUMMARY

OF IMPINGDtENT SURVEY DATA FOR 1981 g BV.*S y O Number of Fish Collected River 7 Operating Non-Operatig Intake Bays Intake Elevation Intake Bays *I Date Number Percent of Intake Bays Operettnq Water Above Mean gmy M Collected Annual Total Alive Dead Alive Dead A B C D Temp.0F See f.evel January 2 1 0.7 1 I I 35.0 665.8 16 3 2.1 3 I I 29.0 665.5 23 2 1.4 2 I X 31.5 666.3 30 0 0.0 I I 32.0 666.5 Q Febr uar y 2 3 2.1 3 I I 29.5 667.0 oo 13 7 5.0 5 2 X X X 29.8 667.0 20 10 7.1 2 7 1 1 I I 29.0 667.0 )> U 27 2 1.4 2 I I I 37.0 672.8 2 March 6 6 4.3 4 2 I 35.0 670.0 2 C 13 0 0.0 x X 36.0 666.5 CO 20 0 0.0 I I 36.0 666.2 .> C 27 0 0.0 X X 40.0 666.5 Fh April 3 1 0.7 1 I I 47.5 667.2 TTI Z 14 7 5.0 7 I X X 49.2 670.0 2 (T1 24 0 0.0 I I 50.0 667.5

T 26 0 0.0 I I I 67.8 666.8 F> July 3 0 0.0 x X 69.2 665.5 y 2 10 0 0.0 I I I 75.0 665.5 (T1 N 17 2 1.4 1 1 I E X 76.6 665.5 l 24 1 0.7 1 I I 75.5 666.0 0 31 4 2.8 1 2 1 I E I 73.2 66S.9 N August 7 1 0.7 1 X X X 74.2 665.5 d 16 4 2.8 3 1 x x x 74.7 665.7 21 3 2.1 2 1 I I E 71.5 665.5 l 20 5 3.5 1 4 I I I 72.2 665.0 September 4 7 5.0 1 4 2 X I I 73.0 666.3 11 5 3.5 2 3 I I X X 67.5 665.7 10 4 2.0 2 2 I I E 68.0 666.0 25 3 2.1 1 1 1 I E I 61.0 665.4 l g g a m m m M M M M M M E E E M ITIOd O 2 TABLE V-G-3 (Continued) Number of Floh Collected River Operatin Non-opera tig Intake Bays Intake Elevation Date Number Percent of Intake Baye "I Intake Baye Operating Water Above Mean Month Day Collected Annual Total Alive Dead Alive Dead A B C D Temp. F Sea Level N october 2 4 2.0 4 I I E 60.0 665.9 0 9 1 0.7 1 I X 53.1 666.2 7 C 16 2 1.4 1 1 I I a 53.1 665.3 gO 23 3 2.1 1 2 X X X 52.0 666.0 .p C 30 2 1.4 2 x I 49.5 669.1 p (M T1 November 6 1 0.7 1 X E 49.2 666.8 13 2 1.4 2 I I I 43.3 666.5 N2 20 1 0.7 1 I I X 43.8 666.3 hA 27 0 0.0 x I 34.5 666.0 WF W December 4 1 0.7 1 3 X 38.5 666.8 M3 O 11 1 0.7 1 I E I 35.0 667.4 Oy 10 0 0.7 1 X 32.0 665.0 2 H 24 19 13.5 2 13 4 x X 32.2 672.7 5 31 11 7.0 11 x x x 33.7 667.0 Mg 2 O Total 141 27 95 10 9 g r>2 Mm4 I*I m Intake bays that had pumps operating in the 24 hr sampling period. O Intake haya that had no pumpe operating in the 24 he sampling period. q l I l M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE V-G-4 (A ITI stM4ARY OF FISH COLLECTED IN IMPINGDGlNT SURVEYS, 1976-1981 O BVPS dO Number of Fish Collected 2 1976 1977 1978 Operating Non-opera tig Operating Non-ogerating Opeeating Non-operating Month intake Bays intake Bays Total intake Bays intake Bays Total intake Bays Intake Bays Total January 3,792 2,021 5,813 1,136 2,869 4,005 186 41 227 Febr uary 1,087 1,034 2,121 3,622 2,039 5,661 99 73 172 March 260 128 388 314 72 386 36 113 149 April 19 11, 30 7 3 10 3 1 4 No May 5 2 7 3 0 3 June 4 1 5 4 3 1 2 4 6 July 20 12 32 27 5 32 9 3 12 g August 27 10 37 6 1 7 6 12 18 september 8 6 14 1 4 5 7 15 22 z c g October 35 8 43 8 3 11 4 14 18 c November 15 4 19 9 0 9 1 2 3 p rn Decenter 374 219 593 174 12 186 20 3 23 LA T112 Total 5,646 3,456 9,102 5,311 5,011 10,322 373 281 654 ITI -w s c O Og Number of Fish Collected 2q 1979 1980 1981 3 b Operating Non-operating Operating Non-operating Operating Hon-operating (11 Month Intake Bays intake Baye Total intake Baye intake Baye Total intake Baye intake Bays Total 2 O aE January 66 16 82 5 0 5 5 1 6 >T I> rebr uar y 9 8 17 5 7 12 21 1 22 March 15 10 25 16 13 29 4 2 6 N April 1 0 1 0 11 11 8 0 May 3 1 4 0 2 2 1 2 9 O June 2 0 2 0 4 4 3 0 3 July 5 2 7 3 10 13 5 2 7 August 20 34 54 10 4 14 12 1 13 september 9 9 18 4 0 4 15 4 19 October 21 6 27 2 2 4 10 2 12 November 1 6 13 3 1 4 4 0 4 December 8 4 12 6 0 6 28 4 32 Total 162 100 262 54 54 108 122 19 141 I*I Intake bays that had pumps operating in the 24 he sampling period. II Intake bays that had no pumps operating in the 24 hr sampling period. SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY I 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT TABLE V-G-5 I NUMBER AND PERCENT OF ANNUAL TOTAL OF FISH COLLECTED IN IMPINGEMENT SURVEYS AND IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER,1981 BVPS Total Number of Percent of Fish Collected Annual Total Species (a) Impingement River Impingement River Gizzard shad 17 91 12.1 5.9 Northern pike 0 1 0 0.1 I Carp 2 56 1.4 3.6 Golden shiner 1 1 0.7 0.1 Emerald shiner 37 1115 26.4 72.2 I Spotfin shiner 0 13 0 0.8 Sand shiner 3 87 2.1 5.6 Mimic shiner 1 18 0.7 1.2 Bluntnose minnow 3 49 2.1 3.2 I Quillback 0 1 0 0.1 Northern hog sucker 0 3 0 0.2 Silver redhorse 0 1 0 0.1 I Golden redhorse 0 3 0 0.2 Shorthead redhorse 0 2 0 0.1 Yellow bullhead 1 0 0.7 0 Brown bullhead 3 1 2.1 0.1 ' I Channel catfish 52 35 37.1 2.3 Trout-perch 3 0 2.1 0 White bass 0 1 0 0.1 I Rock bass 0 2 0 0.1 Green sunfish 2 2 1.4 0.1 Pumpkinseed 0 1 0 0.1 I Bluegill 2 5 1.4 0.3 Smallmouth Lass 2 30 1.4 1.9 Spotted bass 1 5 0.7 0.3 Largemouth bass 0 3 0 0.2 I Black crappie 1 0 0.7 0 Johnny darter 1 0 0.7 0 Yellow perch 0 2 0 0.1 I Logperch 1 3 0.7 0.2 Sauger 0 6 0 0.4 Walleye 2 4 1.4 0.3 Freshwater drum 5 3 3.8 0.2 Total 14C 1544 I*I Includes only those specimens identified to species. I I 92 I I SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Of the 181 crayfish collected in the 1981 impingement studies, 125 (69.1%) were collected from operating bays and 56 (30.9%) were collected from non-operating I 2 bays. Adjusting these data for screen surf ace area washed (crayfish per 1000 m ) the results show 5.6 and 4.1 crayfish for operating and non-operating screens, respectively. Summary and Conclusions The results of the 1981 impingement surveys indicate that withdrawal of river water at the B'<PS intake for cooling purposes has little or no effect on the fish populations. Only 141 fish were collected, which is the second fewest collected since initial operation of BVPS in 1976. Of the 141 fish collected, 37 (26.2%) were I alive and returned via the discharge pipe to the Ohio River. I I I I I I I I I I I e3 I m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TAB 12 V-G-6

SUMMARY

OF INVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN IMPINGEFZNT SURVEYS (X)NDUCTED FOR ONE 24 Il0UR PERIOD g PER WEEK 1981 rn h BVPS 62 Crayfish Ope rat i ng Non-O pe rat i n g All Bays Intake Bays Intake Ba ys All Bays Class Date Alive Dead Alive Dead Dass el flies Dragonflies Lam ps ilus Corbicula J anua r y 2 2 1 16 23 >h 30 1 1 Februa r y 2 1 go 13 2 > "C 20 1 1 2 1 F w 27 1 ru z fM March 6 3 1 1 1 1 O 13 6 1 ~C h 20 5 27 Zg April 3 2 1 K 18 2 24 1 gg Hay 1 3 1 >T g{-< F 8 1 n 22 1 1 u a 29 1 1 1 1 1 O Jamie 6 1 1 2 N 12 1 2 4 6 19 2 26 3 4

g g g g g e a e e e e e m M M M M M M TABLE V-C-6 (Continued) 4.n Crayfish h Operat i ng Hon-O pe rat i n g All Bays d i Int ake Bays Intake Bays All Bays Class O Date Alive Dead Alive Dead Dans el flies Dragonflies Lam psil us Corbicula 2 J ul y 3 1 1 5 2 2 10 3 1 1 17 2 2 2 3 3 24 1 1 5 2 1 31 5 4 1 2 G August 7 4 I 16 2 2 1 y 21 1 1 2 0 28 1 1 11 Z C Sept ember 4 1 10 11 I 2 1 to rn r$ 18 3 m 25 1 1 2 rn oct obe r 2 1 5 $r 9 1 1 I I N6 O 16 2 2 1 2 g 23 1 2 I hH 30 2 3 8 $O 2h November 6 1 1 3 1 13 5 20 2 3 r> 27 8 1 4 2 p December 4 7 1 rn 4 3 11 10 1 3 1 18 2 1 6

c 24 4

3 1 H 31 4 1 3 1 1 Tot al 94 11 44 12 2 28 18 66 l l

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I H. PLANKTON ENTRAINMENT 1. Ichthyoplankton Objective To determine the species composition, relative abundance, and distribution of I ichthyoplankton found in proximity to the BVPS intake structure. Methods Since previous studies (DLCo 1976,1977,1978 and 1979) have demonstrated that ichthyoplankton samples collected in front of the intake structure were represent-ative of ichthyoplankton entrainment samples, the modified sampling program (initiated in 1980) was based on samples collected from a boat in the Ohio River I adjacent to the BVPS intake structure (Figure V-F-1). These samples were collected monthly, April through July along a five station transect during daylight hours. Surface tows were made at Stations 1, 3 and 5 while bcttom tows were conducted at Stations 2 and 4. A 0.5 m diameter, 505 micron mesh plankton net was used to collect a total of 20 samples. Sample volumes were measured utilizing a General Oceanics, Model 2030 digital, flowmeter mounted centrically in the mouth of the net. Samples were preserved in 5% buffered formalin containing rose I bengal dye. In the laboratory, eggs, larvae, juveniles, and adults were sorted from the sample and identified to the lowest possible taxon and stage of development. Densities of 3 the ichthyoplankton (#/100 m ) were calculated using appropriate flowmeter data. Results A total of 49 eggs, 289 larvae, and three adults of nine taxa representing five families was collected from the river entrainment transects (Table V-H-1). I Cyprinids were the most common taxa collected representing 73.6% of the total catch (8.2% of the eggs, 84.4% of the larvae, and 100% of the adults). Eggs represented 14.4% of the ichthyoplankton collected; most (55.1%) were un-identifiable. Larvae accounted for 84.8% of the total specimens. Minnow l (Cyprinidae spp.) early larvae comprised 53.3% of the total larval catch. The second most abundant larval taxon was gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) I I 96 I

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M w ITIO --t O TABtJt V-M-1 2 I WUpeEA AND DENSITY OF FISH EGGS, LARVAB, JUVENILES AND ADULTS (Number /100 a ) GL12CTED WITH A 0.5m PIANETON NET AT T15E ENTRAINMEKF RIVER TRANSECT IN THE ONIO RIVER NEAR RVPS, 1901 Total Collected 8 D Station 1 Station 2 Stetton 3 Station 4 Station 5 and Tama Deneity A 20 Aptli 3 Q Vol. water filtered (m ) 60,1' 106.4 143.1 105.0 96.3 510.9 No. egge collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 No. larvae collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 U No. Juveniles collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 C No. adulte oo11ected 0 0 0 0 0 0 gO Denalty (number milected) 0 0 0 0 0 0 >C Total station Density F U M (number collected) 0 0 0 0 0 0 12 Nay m [o oq vol. water filtered 75.7 01.4 76.7 08.0 79.4 402.0 O No. egge collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2q No. 1ervae collected 1 0 0 2 0 3 7 No. juveniles collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 r'ft O No. adults collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 O s Density (number mllected) H$ Larvae yg Perca flavescene (YL)b 0 0 0 2.25 (2) 0 0.50 (2) 2 I"* > Stizoetedion op. (YL) 1.32 (1) 0 0 0 0 0.25 (1) p< g Total Station Denelty T (number collected) 1.32 (1) 0 0 2.25 (2) 0 0.75 (3) O

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m (Tl TABLE V-a-1 (continued) O-( total collected O D station 1, statim 2 statim 3 station 4 station 5_ and Tama Density 2 A 17 June l vol. water filtered (a ) 90.4 99.7 72.8 117.0 61.0 440.9 No. egge collected 3 10 14 11 8 46 No. larvae collected 10 21 10 26 41 108 No. juveniles collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 No. adults collected 3 0 0 0 0 3 Density (number collected)

oo Egge y rinus carpio C

0 1.00 (1) 0 0 0 0.23 (1) >O 1 A2 odinotue grunniens 0 3.01 (3) 6.87 (5) 2.56 (3) 11.42 (?) 4.08 (18) 2 Un!Jentifiable 3.32 (3) 6.02 (6) 12.37 (9) 6.84 (8) 1.64 (1) 6.12 (27) Z C CO Larvae Doro=uma con =Jianum (YL) 0 0 0 0 27.87 (17) 3.86 (17) >C Cyprinidae opp. (TL) 9.96 (9) 15.05 (15) 13.74 (10) 21.37 (25) 10.03 (11) 15.08 (70) (" M g Cyprinidae ses,. (ELI O 5.02 (5) 0 0.05 (1) 3.28 (2) 1.81 (8) 373 7 Pmoist s annultr ia (II) 1.11 (1) 0 0 0 0 0.23 (1) 2 g73 Perca flavescene (TL) 0 1.00 91) 0 0 6.56 (4) 1.13 (5) %<C k 5 flavescens (EL) 0 0 0 0 9.04 (6) 1.36 (6) O co Perca flavescens (LL) 0 0 0 0 1.64 (1) 0.23 (1) O 7 "T. Adult Notrople atherinoides 3.32 (3) 0 0 0 0 0.64 (3) y I Total station Density bO H.h.= 2 (nuator collected) 17.70 (16) 31.10 (31) 33.00 (24) 31.62 (37) 80.33 (49) 35.61 (157) 22 July 3 t" > vnl. water filtered (m ) 103.4 81.6 109.3 90.0 94.4 478.7 Z y< ho. egge collected 0 0 1 2 0 3 m* No. larvae co!!ected 62 17 31 5 61 176 m No. juven!!es collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 O No adulta 0 0 0 0 0 0 A3 Density (number collected) Eqqs Cypainidae app. 0 0 0.91 (1) 2.22 (2) 0 0.63 (3) Lasvae Dosos wa ceneJianum (EL) 0 0 3.66 (4) 0 0 0.84 (4) Cyprinidae opp. (TL) 8.70 (9) 12.25 (10) 0 1.11 (1) 0 4.18 (20) Cyprinidae app. (EL) 51.26 (53) 4.90 (4) 23.79 (26) 4.45 (4) 62.51 (59) 30.50 (146) Les==1s esp. (YL) 0 3.68 (3) 0.91 (1) 2.22 (2) 0 1.25 (6) Lep ate opp. (EL) 0 0 0 0 2.12 (2) 0.42 (2) Total Station Density (numbes collected) 60.00 (62) 20.83 (17) 29.30 (32) 9.53 (9) 64.62 (61) 37.81 (181)

m M M M M M M M M M (A ITIOd O2 TABLE V-U-1 (Continued 1 Total Collected Yearly Total Station 1* Station 2 Station 3 station 4 Station 5 and Tama Density Vol, of water filtered (m ) 337.6 369.1 401.9 400.8 331.1 1840.5 Q uo. eggs collected 3 10 15 13 8 49 oo No. laruse collected 13 38 41 33 102 289 No. juveniles collected 0 0 0 0 0 0 No. adults collected 3 0 0 0 0 3 2 Density (number collected) Eggs (() >C Cyprinus carpio 0.89 (3) 1.63 (6) 2.24 (9) 2.00 (8) 0.30 (1) 1.47 (27) (~[ Cyprinidae opp. 0 0.81 (3) 1.24 (5) 0.75 (3) 2.11 (7) 0.98 (18) m7 Aplodinotus grunesiens 0 0.27 (1) 0 0 0 0.05 (1) 2 p1 Unidentifiable 0 0 0.25 (1) 0.50 (2) 0 0.16 (3) e Larvae _gyg e Dorosoma cepedianima (EL) 0 0 1.00 (4) 0 5.13 (17) 1.14 (21) O Cyprinidae app. (YL) 5.33 (18) 6.77 (25) 2.49 (10) 6.49 (26) 3.32 (11) 4.89 (90) 2 Zq Cyprinidae app. (EL) 15.70 (53) 2.44 (9) 6.47 (26) 1.25 (5) 18.42 (61) 8.37 (154) g Lepant s spp. (YL) 0 0.81 (3) 0.25 (1) 0.50 (2) 0 0.33 (6) rT O w ais spp. (EL) 0 0 0 0 0.60 (2) 0.11 (2) 2 O Pomoxis annularis (14) 0.30 (1) 0 0 0 0 0.05 (1) H-Perca flavescens (YL) 0 0.27 (1) 0 0.50 (2) 1.21 (4) 0.38 (7) >T Urc~a flavescens (EL) 0 0 0 0 1.81 (6) 0.33 (6) I Perca flavescens (11) 0 0 0 0 0.30 (1) 0.05 (1) /3 Stizostedion app. (YL) 0.30 (1) 0 0 0 0 0.05 (1) rTI g Adults Notropia atherinoides 0.89 (3) 0 0 0 0 0.16 (3) Oy Total Station Denalty d (number collected) 23.40 (79) 13.00 (48) 13.93 (56) 11.98 (48) 33.22 (110) 18.53 (341)

Station 1 - South shorelines Station 3 - Mideharinels Station 5 - North shoreline.

bDevelopmental Stages YL - Hatched specimens in which yolk an3/or oil globules are present. EL - Specimens in which yolt and/or oil globules are not present and in which fin rays and/or spiny elements have been developed. LL - Specimens in which fin say and sPny elements of the dorsal and anal fins approximate the number found in adults but in which reminants of the finfolds remain. J

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I comprising 7.3% of the catch; all were early larvae. Yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and sunfish (1epomis sp.) accounted for 4.3% and 2.8%, respectively, of the larvae collected. The two remaining taxa, white crappie (Pomoxis annularis) and Stizostedion sp. comprised less than one percent of the larval catch. No juvenile fish were collected durir.g the survey. Three adult emerald shiners (Notropis atherinoides) comprised the only adults taken. Seasonal Distribution No ichthyoplankton were collected during the first suney (20 April)(Table V-H-1). Samples taken on 12 May yielded no eggs and three larvae (less than 1% of the total catch). The larvae consisted of two taxa, yellow perch (Perca flavescens; I 3 3 0.50/100m ) and Stizostedion sp. (0.25/100m ). June samples yielded the greatest diversity of egg and larval taxa (Table V-H-1). 3 Eggs were most abundant in June (4.54/100m ). Carp (Cyprinus carpio) and freshwater drum (Aplodinotus. grunniens) eggs were first taken in June; the latter provided the first evidence of freshwater drum spawning in the vicinity of BVPS since the initiation of ichthyoplankton studies in 1973. Cyprinid yolk-sac larvae, which first appeared in June, comprised most (64.8%) of the larvae collected. Other taxa first collected in June included gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum; 15.7% of the total catch) and white crappie (Pomoxis annularis; less than 1%). Yellow perch larvae were collected again in June and comprised 11.1% of the total catch. Three emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) adults were taken in June at Station 1; they represented the only adults collected in ichthyoplankton samples in 1931. Cyprinids represented the only taxa of eggs collected in July (Table V-H-1). Larval density was greatest in July (36.77/100m ) but species diversity was slightly less than in June (Table V-H-1). Cyprinid yolk-sac and early larvae were most I 3 3 abundant (4.lS/100m and 30.50/100m, respectively). Gizzard shad larvae were 3 again taken in July but were substantially less abundant (0.84/100m ). Sunfish (Lepomis spp.) larvae were first collected in July and represented 4.5% of the atal larval catch. I I I 100 I

l SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY m 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Spatial Distribution Inshore Stations 1 and 5 yielded the greatest densities of ichthyoplankton collected I 3 3 in 1981 (23.40/100m and 33.22/100m, respectively) (Table V-H-1). Midchannel 3 3 Stations 2, 3, and 4 exhibited the greatest egg densities (2.71/100m,3.73/100m, 3 and 3.24/100m, respectively), while inshore Stations 1 and 5 yielded the most 3 3 larvae (21.62/100m and 30.81/100m, respectively). I Only one common carp egg was collected at Station 1 (Table V-H-1). Station 2 yielded all egg taxa collected and was Me only site of freshwater drum capture. Stations 3, 4, and 5 yielded minnows and common carp as the only identifiable egg ta xa. Stations 1 through 4 each yielded only three taxa of larvae (Table V-H-1). Minnow larvae were the most abmdant taxa at all stations; most were found at Stations 1 and 5. Gizzard shad were collected at Stations 3 and 5; most (81.0%) were found at Station 5. White crappie and Stizostedion sp. larvae were taken only at Station

1. Sunfish larvae were collected at midchannel Stations 2, 3, and 4. Yellow perch were taken from Stations 2,4, and 5; post yolk-sac specimens were only collected I

at Station 5. I The three adult emerald shiners collected were taken at Station 1 during a single sampling period (Table V-H-1). I Summary and Conclusions l Species composition and relative abundance of ichthyoplankton taken in 1981 along i the river entrainment transect were generally similar to that found in 1979 and 1980. Cyprinid larvae comprised the vast majority of the ichthyoplankton catch and were fomd most concentrated at stations closest to the BVPS intake structure. l However, the relatively high reproductive capabilities of this group should offset any entreinment loss to BVPS. t !I I I 101

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I 2. Phytoplankton Objective To determine the composition and abundance of phytoplankton entrained in the intake water system. Methods Af ter April 1,1980, plankton sampling was reduced to one entrainment sample collected monthly. Each sample was a 1 gal composite which contained equal volumes of surf ace and bottom water from one operatingintake bay. In the laboratory, phytoplankton analyses were performed in accordance with procedures identified in Section C, PHYTOPLANKTON. Total densities (cells /ml) were calculated for all taxa, however, only densities of the 15 most abundant taxa each month are presented in Section C.of this report. Comparison of Entrainment and River Samples Plankton samples were not collected at any river stations af ter April 1,1980 due to a reduction of the aquatic sampling program, therefore, comparison of entrainment I and river samples was not possible for the 1981 phytoplankton program. Results of phytoplankton analyses for the entrainment sample collected monthly are presented in Section C, PHYTOPLANKTON. During the years 1976 through 1979, phytoplankton densities of entrainment samples were mually slightly lower than those of mean total densities observed from river samples (DLCo 1980). However, species composition of phytoplankton I in the river and entrainment samples was similar (DLCo 1976, 1977, 1979, 1980). Studies from previous years indicate mean Shannon-Weiner indices, evenness and richness values of entrainment samples were very similar to the river samples (DLCo,1979,1980). I 102

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Summary and Conclusions Past results of monthly sampling of phytoplankton in the Ohio River near BVPS and I within the intake structure showed little difference in densities (cells /ml) and species composition. During periods of minimum low river flow (5000 cis), about 1.25% of the river would be withdrawn into the condenser cooling system. Based on the similarity of density of phytoplankton in the river and the BVPS intake structure, and the small amount of water withdrawn from the river, the loss of phytoplankton was negligible, even under worst case low flow conditions. 3. Zooplankton Objective To determine the composition and abundance of zooplankton entrained in the intake water system. Methods Plankton entrainment samples were collected for counting phytoplankton and zooplankton. For zooplankton analyses, a well-mixed sample was taken and processed using the same procedures described in Section D, ZOOPLANKTON. Af ter April 1,1980, plankton sampling was reduced to one entrainment sample collected monthly. Each sample was a i gal composite which contained equal volumes of surface and bottom water. Total densities (number / liter) were calculated for all taxa, however, only taxa which comprised greater than 2% of the total are presented in Section D, ZOOPLANKTON. I Comparison of Entrainment and River Samples Plankton samples were not collected at any river stations af ter April 1,1980 due to a reduction of the aquatic sampling program, therefore, comparison of entrainment and river samples was not possible for the 1981 zooplankton program. Results of zooplankton analyses for the entrainment sample collected monthly are presented in Secdon D, ZOOPLANKTON. 103 I

SECTION V DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I During past years, composition of zooplankton was similar in entrainment and river samples (DLCo 1980). Protozoans and rotifers were predominant, whereas crustaceans were sparse. Densities of the four most abundant taxa for each month (DLCo,1976,1977,1979,1980) indicate the same taxa were present in both river E and intake samples. In addition, they were present in similar quantities. Shannon-Weiner indices, evenness, and richness values for river and entrainment samples were also similar, further demonstrating similarity between entrained and river zooplankton. I Summary and Conclusions I Past results of monthly sampling of zooplankton in the Ohio River near BVPS and within the intake structure showed little difference in densities (number / liter) and species composition. During periods of minimum, low river flow (5000 cis), about 1.25% of the river would be withdrawn into the condenser cooling system. Based on the similarity of density of zooplankton in the river and the BVPS intake structure, and the small amount of water withdrawn from the river, the loss of zooplankton was negligible, even under worst case low flow conditions. I E I E I I I I 104 I

'I SECTION VI DUOUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT VL REFERENCES \\ AQUATIC s Commonwealth of Pennsylvar ia. 1980.' 1981 Pernsylvania Collectors Permit. ' I Dahlberg, M. D. and E. P. Odum. 1970. Annual cycles of species occurrence, abundance and diversity in Georgia estuarine fish populations. Am. Midl. Nat. 83:382-392. DLCo.1976. Annual Environmental Report, Nonradiological Votuse #1. Duquesna Light Company, Beaver 'falley Power Station.132 pp. DLCo.1977. Annual Environmental Report, Nonradiological Voluine #1. Duquesne< Light Company, Beaver Valley Power Station.123 pp. ~ I s DLCo.1979. Annual Environmental Report, Nonradiological Volume #1. Duquesne i 4 Light Company, Beaver Valley Power Station.149 pp. DLCo. 1980. Annual Envircnmental Report, Non-radiological._ Duquesne Light Company, Beaver Valley Power Statico, Unit No.l.% 160 pp. y EPA. 1973. Siological field and laborato?y methods. t EP6-670/4-73-0Ct.' ~ Cincinnati, OH. ss s s

\\

Hutchinson, G. E. 1967. A treatise on limnolo'gy. Vol. 2, Inttoduction to lake I biology and the limnoplankton. ' John Wiley and Sons, Inc., f4&w York.1115 pp. Hynes, H. B. N. 1970. The eccicgy of cnilng waters. Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto. Marcy, B. C. 1976.. Planktonic fish eggund larvae of the lower Connecticut River and the effects of the Connecticut' Yankee Plant, including entrainment. In: D. I Merriman and L. Thorpe (eds.), The Connecticut River ecological study: the \\ impact of a nuclear power plant. Am. Fish. Soc. Monogr. NO.'1,115-!39. '- t I Pielou, E. C. 1969. An intreJuction,to mathematical ecology. Wiley Interscience,

Wiley & Sons, New York, NY.

I Robins, C. R., R. M. Bailey, C. E. Bond, J. R. Brooker, E. A. Lachner, R. N. Lea; and W. B. Scott. 1980. A' list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Chaava (Fourth edition). Amer. Fish. Sdc. Spec. Pub!. No'. 12:1-174. I x Scott, W. B. and E.1. Cicssman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of' Canada. Fisheries ^ Research Bd. Canads. Bulletin 184. 966 p. I .s Winner, J. M. 1975. ~ Zooplankton. In: B. A. T5itton, ed. River ecology. Univ. Calif. press. Berkeley and Los Angeles pp. 155-169. I I 105-I

I 'E i 'E ,I i !E APPENDIX ASSESSMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT RELATIVE TO ELEVATED DISCHARGE TEMPERATURES BEAVER VALLEY POWER STATION JULY,1981 !I i iI 'E LI

I I

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TABLE OF CONTENTS I List of Figures........................ iii Lis t of Ta bles........................ iv BACKGROUND.......................... 1 I N T RO D U CTIO N......................... 2 BENTHOS 7 A. Literature Survey.................... 7 B. Field Survey...................... 11 giSs 1, A. Literature Survey..................... 19 e. ,,eie u,ve,...................... 32 CO NC L U SIO N S.......................... 35 GLOSSARY 36 R E F E R EN C ES.......................... 37 lI l ' I I I ,I I l 11 ! I

I I LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page TS-1 SAMPLING TRANSECTS IN THE VICINITY OF THE BEAVER VALLEY AND SHIPPINGPORT POWER STATIONS.. 4 5 TS-2 OHIO RIVER DISCHARGE AND TEMPERATURE, RECORDED AT EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO, BY THE OHIO RIVER I VALLEY W ATER SANITATION COMMISSION,1981 6 TS-3 THERMAL STUDY SAMPLING STATIONS,1981, BVPS.... 10 TS-4 RANGE OF REPORTED LETHAL TEMPERATURES FOR FISH I COLLECTED IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL, OHIO RIV E R, 1970- 19 81.................... 30 t I I I I I I llI lI m !I

I I LIST OF TABLES I TS-1 OHIO RIVER DISCHARGE AND TEMPERATURE RECORDED AT EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO, BY THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY W ATER SANITATION COMMISSION,1981.......... 5 TS-2 TEMPERATURE RANGES FOR CHIRONOMIDAE 9 TS-3 NUMBER OF MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN I THE OHIO RIVER THERMAL STUDY, SEPTEMBER 22,1981, BVPS.......................... 12 TS-4 NUMBER OF MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN I THE OHIO RIVER, SEPTEMBER 22,1981, BVPS....... 13 TS-5 NUMBER OF MACROINVERTEBRATES AND PERCENT I COMPOSITION OF OLIGOCHAETA, CHIRONOMIDAE, MOLLUSCA AND OTHER ORGANISMS COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER THERMAL STUDY, SEPTEMBER 22,1981 BVPS.......................... 14 TS-6 DENSITY AND PERCENT Limncdrilus hoffmeisteri OF TOTAL OLIGOCHAETA COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER THERMAL STUDY, SEPTEMBER 22,1981, BVPS.... 17 TS-7 DIVERSITY VALUES FOR BENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER THERMAL STUDY, I SEPTEMBER 22,1981,BVPS................ 18 TS-8 FAMILIES AND SPECIES OF FISH COLLECTED IN THE I NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 1970-1981, BVPS.......................... 20 TS-9 TEMPERATURE PREFERENCE AND UPPER THERMAL I TOLERANCE INFORMATION FOR FISH COLLECTED IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 1970-1981. 22 TS-10 FISH COLLECTED DURING A SPECIAL THERMAL STUDY AT THE DISCHARGES OF THE BEAVER VALLEY AND SHIPPINGPORT POWER STATIONS, SEPTEMBER 23,1981 33 TS-Il NUMBER OF FISH COLLECTED BY GILL NET, ELECTRO-FISHING, AND MINNOW TRAP AT TRANSECTS IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER,1981, BVPS. 34 I I I .IV I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I BACKGROUND 8 Environmental Technical Specificatiens for the Beaver Valley Power Station (BVPS) Unit 1, Appendix B to Operating License No. DPR-66 require that temperature at I the outfall be monitored. If an upper limit of 94 F (34.4 C) for 4 hours is exceeded, it must be reported. Twice during 1981, this Maximum Discharge Temperature (MDT) was exceeded: o July 8 for I hour, peaking at 95 F o July 9 for 5 hours, peaking at 96 F. A Special Thermal Study was conducted to identify any adverse effects that might have been imposed on the biological community which normally inhabits the Beaver Valley and Shippingport discharge areas (Figure TS-1). This study was initiated immediately af ter the MDT was exceeded in July. However, decrease of air g temperatures and humidity prevented duplication of these higher discharge temper-5 atures. This study was designed to utilize both site spectiir field data (fish and benthos samples) and literature references that addressed thermal effects to similar aquatic organisms. Sampling was performed on September 23, a date that coincided with regularly scheduled fish and benthos sampling programs at BVPS. This report contains information on the possible effects of elevated temperature to these two major groups. I I I I I I I 1 I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I INTRODUCTION Temperature is probably the most important factor influencing aquatic macro-invertebrate and fish populations (Reynolds 1977). A variety of organisms have specific temperature requirements. Alterations of temperature by thermal dis-charges can cause significant effects on the animal community (Gammon 1973, Lehmkuhl 1979). I Fish and aquatic macroinvertebrates (benthos) are cold-blooded animals. These organisms cannot significantly regulate internal body temperatures. A large surface area to body volume ratio caused by small size and/or gill-breathing characteristics of benthic organisms and fish precludes any control of body temperatures. The high specific heat of water combined with the large body surf ace area exposed to the surrounding aquatic environment quickly drains any metabolic heat generated by these organisms. Likewise, any change in ambient temperature is quickly transferred throughout the body of a cold-blooded animal. l Life of any organisms is dependent on protein synthesis and stability. These processes are highly temperature dependent and operate effectively withiv a relatively narrow range of temperatures usually dictated genetically by ti.a thermal history of each species and natural selection. Obviously, a species is adapted to thermal fluctuations that naturally occur in its habitat, but rapid, man-made fluctuations may cause temperatures to exceed a species physiological limit causing inhibition of normal protein synthesis or denaturation of proteins already synthesised. These influences on the proteins may ultimately lead to death if the physiological disruption is severe. Temperature influences can be divided into two broad categories, acute lethat and sublethal chronic. Short-term exposure to lethal temperatures (acute effects), is i misleading in at least two ways: 1) they fail to detect ecologically meaningful problems and 2) they frequently direct attention to a brief shock reaction i 0,ehmkuhl 1979). Organisms briefly exposed to elevated temperature below the I lethal threshold limit frequently recover af ter a brief shock response (Sherberger I I 2 ' I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I et al.1977). However, subtle but equally adverse effects caused by long-term exposure to sublethal chronic temperatures can have a much greater ecological I consequence on populations. Chronic effects of elevated temperatures affect fecundity, longevity, and behavior, or may cause stress-induced inhibitory or stimulatory effects on reproduction (Precht et al.1973, Lehmkuhl 1979). While distributional changes and thermal shock due to heated discharges can be important year round, the potential to create adverse thermal conditions for resident species becomes more probable during the summer when naturally high I ambient temperatures and relatively low river flow result in a decreased ability of the river to dissipate thermally elevated discharges. Figure TS-2 illustrates the inverse relationship between natural river temperature and river flow that existed in the Ohio River near BVPS in 1981 (Table TS-1). I I I I I I I I I I I 3 I

g g g g g m W W W W M M M M M E E E E >m m m2o9 s. s e e'.,3 c. +,y ',, r 'ii, >0 v- .- <,>~ A 2 4 " ', M, ~I D L A, _ N, D, - at,,,g Z C sz'g% i i co l,, ',d yC 1' TRANSECT 3 rCl N \\'A',, ',,h ';ip "1,h ' ' 4 mz ? 8...... Zm y,. 'p <r %f,,l'?,. >'I'y p3 e ,y%I '% ', y} u 1 - <' 1 O 1 Zq ~f Ma n t.ny 3 n m 'a* 2Q '".x.. TRANSECT I >T e r> T R ANS E CT,,2 A e'- 2 5 ,h. .. \\ m m LEGEND [ y l h 01 BEAVER VALLEY DISCHARGE j f,,,,,, o g D2 SHIPPINGPORT DISCHARGE I**** g t 03 INDUSTHIAL DISCHARGE l O AfD TO NAVIGATION I BEAVER

TH ANSMISSION LINE TRANSECT 28 gl4PPIN,G,P,Og EY

[,,,,,,,,, ER STATION FIGURE TS-1 SAMPLING TRANSECTS IN Tilf VICINITY OF Tile BEAVER VALLEY AND SilIPPINGPORT POWER STATIONS

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M m m t j TABLE TS-1 Q D OHIO RIVER DISCHARGE (Flow cfs) AND TEMPERATURR { F) RECORDED AT Q l l EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO (MP 40.2) BY THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY WATER SANITATION COMMISSION (ORSANCO) 1981 C Month J P M A M J J A S O N D OI Flow (cfs x 10 ) hO C 2) C4 Maximum Daily Average 39.0 219.0 106.0 146.0 113.0 142.0 39.0 28.0 54.0 87.0 61.0 120.0 >C r I" Monthly Average 21.0 86.0 53.0 67.0 51.0 64.0 21.0 14.0 25.0 28.0 35.0 49.0 rn $ 2 rn Minimum Daily Average 15.0 28.0 26.0 27.0 22.0 27.0 11.0 8.0 11.0 13.0 18.0 26.0 23 [ o' N O O Z Temperature ( F) Z O jk Maximum Daily value 38 50 51 60 69 75 82 80 81 67 54 42 r>g( Monthly Average 34 36 43 57 62 72 79 79 73 61 47 38 m Minimum Daily Value 32 34 40 51 56 67 74 77 67 57 41 35 ON H

g APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY g 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT 220 - 219.0 /\\ I .t t MAXIMUM DAILY AVERAGE T T 160T l l MONTHLY AVERAGE I MINIMUM DAILY AVERAGE g g '4 ^ ~ l I \\ /t j s' \\ I \\ l \\ E \\ / \\ / \\ IE0 - l I ti v \\ { ~ l V \\ t n I 's / I \\ /'s \\vlf 80 - f I \\ l I / S f \\ s' 0 l / l 40 - I 'I - / -- -. _. ' '.N... i i i I i i i I I I i i I g I 80 - s' \\ / \\ . / \\ / \\ \\ 70 - [ I \\ / / \\ GO - / g \\ C / ~ / \\ \\ 50 - ,- ~ / \\ j j \\ F / / 'N ^ ~ l 1 30 l J l F I M l A IM l J l J l A IS l 0 l N I D l 1981 FIGURE TS-2 OHIO RIVER DISCHARGE (Flow cfs) AND TEMPERATURE (OF), RECORDED AT EAST LIVERPOOL, OHIO (MP 40.2) BY THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY 'n'ATER SANITATION COMMISSION (ORSANCO), 1981 6

3 APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 5 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I BENTHOS A. Literature Survey Information regarding effects of temperture on macroinvertebrates consists largely of descriptive studies of populations in the area of thermal influences. Few studies have dealt with the influence of acute effects of temperatures on species of invertebrates known to inhabit the Ohio River in the vicinity of BVPS. Even fewer studies have evaluated the influence of chronic elevated temperatures on these I species of macroinvertebrates. Therefore, many of the thermal effects discussed in this section, while attributed to similar taxa, are for species or even genera not found in the Ohio River near BVPS. These studies provide some generalities on temperature influences, however, conclusions regarding acute lethal values or chronic responses based on taxonomic units above the species unit are questionable. Resh and Unzicker (1975) documented the importance of identifying the species when evaluating water quality tolerance units within the same genus. It is also I well known that temperature preference has frequently acted as a factor separating distributions of congeneric species within streams (Hynes 1972). The severity of thermal effects on macroinvertebrates is also influenced and modified by other parameters such as age of organism, ambient temperature prior to exposure, pH, low dissolved oxygen and other extremes in physical and chemical factors (Bell and Nebeker 1969, Gaufin and Hern 1971, Gregg 1975, Nebeker and I Lemke 1978). These chemical and physical factors will vary from site to site. In addition, selective pressures of thermal regimes are capable of producing genetic differences in popul'ations of snc, an apparent genetic adaptation to local microenvironmental thermal regimes (McMahon and Payne 1980). It is apparent that many factors influence temperature effects on macroinvertebrates. Ideally, l acute and chronic temperature effects should be evaluated based on site specific studies using indigeous populations of organisms collected from the receiving stream. The remainder of this review will summarize reported temperature l effects on organisms known to inhabit the Ohio River in the vicinity of BVPS. I E I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I i Oligochaeta l Oligochaeta is the dominant benthic invertebrate in the Ohio River in the vicinity I of the BVPS. Aston (1973), through field and experimental studies, evaluated the effects of a power station thermal effluent on the tubificids (Oligochaeta: Annelida) Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Tubifex tubifex in the River Trent, England. Both L_. hoffmeisteri and T_. tubifex are found in the Ohio River in the vicinity of BVPS, Benthic collections from the River Trent revealed higher numbers of sexually mature L. hoffmeisteri downstream than upstream from an electric generating station (Aston 1973). Laboratory experiments were carried out by Aston (1973) on the effects of oxygen and temperature on the reproductive rate of the worms. These experiments showed that L. hoffmeisteri increased its rate of egg production with an increase in temperature up to 25 C. Tubifex tubifex maintained a fairly steady rate of egg production over a range of temperatures from 10 to 25 C. Limnodrilus maintained a fairly steady rate of egg and cocoon production over a wide range of oxygen concentrations above 2 mg/1. I Branchiura sowerbyi, a component of the Ohio River benthic fauna, has been reported to maintain large populations and attain sexual maturity in heated I ef fluents (Brinkhurst and Cook 1974). Hirudinea Leeches are a minor component of the Ohio River near BVPS. The leech Helobdella stagnalis produced two generations per year in a comparitively warm pond in British Columbia but only a single generation per year in a cooler pond in Alberta (Davies and Reynoldson 1976). Thus, the increased temperature associated I with thermal ef fluents could increase the number of leeches in an aquatic ecosystem (Lehmkuhl 1979). In contrast, Aston and Brown (1975) found that reproduction in the leech Erpobdella octoculata was regulated by day length and the life cycle was similar at five different stations in the River Trent, England, a thermally polluted river. Temperatures above 30 C or higher limit the distribution of freshwater leeches in both natural and thermally polluted environments (Sawyer 1974). Helobdella stagnalis and an undetermined species of Erpobdella have been collected in the Ohio River near BVPS. Neither of these species can tolerate temperatures over 35.1 C (Sawyer 1974). I 8 I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT .I TABLE TS-2 TEMPERATURE RANGES FOR CHIRONOMIDAE

I Temperature (C)

Minimum Maximum Chironominae I Chironomus 0 32.8 Cryptochironomus 0 32.8 Glyptotendipedes 0 32.8 Harnischia tenuicaudata (Malloch) 4.4 30.0 I Microtendipes pedellus (DeGeer) 0 32.8 Parachironomus 0 38.7 Polypedilum 0 40.0 Rhectanytarsus 0 32.8 Tanypodinae Ablabesmyia illinoensis (Malloch) 0 32.0 I Coelotanypus concinnus (Coquillet) 0 32.8 Procladius 0 32.8 I Orthocladiinae Cricotopus 0 38.8 Orthocladius 0 34.0 Diamesinae Diamesa nivoriunda Fitch 0 32.8

Summarized from Curry (1965).

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APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY ~ 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT !I I G E h

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APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY I 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Aquatic Insecta exclusive of Chironomidae A variety of aquatic insects have been occasionally collected from the Ohio River in the vicinity of BVPS. Aquatic insects are not a dominant component of the benthic fauna in this area. Langford (1975) provided evidence that aquatic insects were able to acclimate or compensate for temperature changes. He did not find I i significant changes in insect emergence patterns of mayflies and caddisflies in the River Severn, a river warmed as much as 8 C above normal. c Sherberger et al. (1977) reported that Hydropsyche and Isonychia exposed to I thermal shocks of varying duration did not show consistent statistically significant differences between treatment and control groups until the shock temperature neared the upper lethat temperature 36 to 38 C. This study demonstrated that neither acclimation temperature nor magnitude of the thermal shock was con-sequentialin producing lethality until the upper temperature was approached. I Chironomidae Chironomidae comprise a significant component of the benthos community inhabit-ing the Ohio River in the vicinity of the BVPS. Table TS-2 summarizes temperature requirements for genera of Chironomidae found in the Ohio River. Mollusca I Exposure of Corbicula fluminea to temperatures between 36 C (5 Acclimation) and 43 C (30 Acclimation) for 30 minutes caused 100% mortality. For continuous exposures, upper tolerance limits (50% mortality level) were between 38 C (5 Acclimation)and 34 C (30 Acclimation)(Mattice and Dye 1975). I B. Field Survey I Benthic samples were collected at Stations 1,2A,2B,3, Dl, D2, T1, and T2 (Figure TS-3) using the Ponar grab. Duplicate grabs were taken at Stations 1, 2A, and 3. I Single grabs were taken at Stations D1 and D2. Sampling at Stations TS1, TS2 was completed with single benthic grabs at the midchannel and south side, whereas at Station 2B single ponar grabs were collected at the south, midchannel, and north side. I I I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMP ANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I TABLE TS-3 NUMBER OF MACROINVERTEBRATES (Number /m ) COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER I THERMAL STUDY, S:TTEMBER 22, 1981 BVPS S tation D1 D2 TSl* TS2* Hydra 10 I Nemertea 20 Nematoda 40 119 Oligochaeta Enchaetraeidae I Dero 40 109 Paranais frici 50 Stephensoniana trivandrana 79 I Aulodrilus limnobius 119 929 A. piqueti 316 79 366 Branchiura sowerbyi 40 20 Ilyodrilus templetoni I Limnodrilus cervix 158 20 20 L. hoffmeisteri 949 632 247 158 L udekemianus 79 40 20 I Peloscolex multisetosus multisetosus 99 Potamothrix moldaviensis 40 10 Immatures w/o capilliform chaetae 4,289 1,423 4,230 425 Immatures w/ capilliform chaetae 79 I Cocoon + Amphipoda Gammarus 20 40 10 ,I Chironomus 20 Coelotanypus [ Dicrotendipes "*rai= chia 4 lE 'g Nanocladius distinctus 10 Procladius 40 l Corbicula fluminea 455 1,789 208 l= Unionidae immature 20 l Number of Taxa 8 9 18 8 Total 6,049 2,769 8,138 950

Values represent mean (x) of duplicate samples.

I + Indicates organisms present. I I u I

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M TABLE TS-4 T NUMBER OF MACROINVERTEBRATES (Number /m ) COLLECTED y IN TIIE OHIO RIVER, SEPTEMBER 22, 1981 Q BVPS o5 Station 1 2A 2B 3 Taxa Nematoda 10 20 Bryozoa {O Urnatella gracilis + Annelida 2 Oligochaeta Dero sp. 10 >C Stephensoniana trivandra 59 7 89 F@ gg Stylarla lacustris 10 Aulodrilus limnobius 69 129 53 119 3p F* Aulodeilus piqueti 20 40 257

c 3 Branchiura sowerbyi 10 30 Og Ilyodrilus templetoni 20 g H gh Limnodrilus cervix 10 40 20 L. hoffmeisteri 247 80 20 119 qg L_. udekemianus 20 13

%y Peloscolex multisetosus 20 z Innatures w/o capilliform chaetae 1,294 336 310 1,394 g "< rn Immatures w/ capilliform chaetae 316 119 27 781 3 Arthropoda

o Gammarus 13 H

Diptera Chaoborus 10 Coelotanypus sp. 10 30 13 89 Cryptochironomus sp. 10 30 7 Ilarnischia 7 Procladius sp. 60 149 7 60 Rheotanytarsus 7 Mollusca corbicula 40 90 408 99 Total 2,185 1,073 912 3,087 + Indicates organisms present.

E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E E M E M m TABLE TS-5 y 2 O NUMBER OF MACROINVERTEBRATES (Number /m ) AND PERCENT COMPOSITION X i OF OLIGOCilAETA, CllIRONOMIDAE, MOLLUSCA AND OTI!ER ORGANISMS COLLECTED IN THE 01110 RIVER l THERMAL STUDY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1981 BVPS G oo {O Station D1 D2 TSl* TS2* 2Z C CO f/m 1 f/m 1 t/m 1 t/m yCra Oligochaeta 6,049 100 2,274 82 6,148 76 593 62 .tn z Z rn h [ Chironomidae 0 0 0 0 99 1 10 1 O Z Mollusca 0 0 455 16 1,809 22 208 22 7 "i GiO 2, h l Other 0 0 40 1 38 1 139 15 >o Fy Total 6,049 100 2,769 99 8,094 100 950 100 rn M m l

Values represent mean (x) of duplicate samples.

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I APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Habitats Substrate type is an important factor in determining the composition of the benthic I community. Two distinct benthic nabitats exist in the Ohio River near BVPS. These habitats are the result of channelization and river traffic. Shoreline habitats are generally sof t muck-type substrates composed of sand, silt, and detritus. An exception occurs along the north shorelir e of Phillis Island at Transect 2A (Figure TS-1) where clay and sand predominate. This condition is the result of sand dredging operations that occurred many years ago. The other habitat type, hard substrate, is located at mid-river. The hard substrate was initially caused by I channelization and is maintained through scouring caused by river currents and turbulence from commercial boat traffic. Community Structure and Spatial Distribution Twenty-eight macroinvertebrate taxa were identified during the 1981 thermal study (Table TS-2). The macroinvertebrate assemblage during 1981 was composed primarily of borrowing organisms typical of sof t unconsolidated substrates. Oligochaeta accounted for the highest percentages of macroinvertebrates at all sampling sites (Table TS-5). Oligochaeta accounted for a greater percentage of the macroinvertebrate community at Stations 1,3, D1, and D2 as compared to Stations TSI, TS2, and 2A, where Chironomidae and Mollusca are usually more abundant. Comparison of Control and Non-Control Transects No adverse impact to the benthic community was observed during 1981. This is based on an assessment of taxa composition and densities to determine environ-I mental change between the Control Station 1 and Non-Control :.;tations Dl, D2, TS1, and TS2. Data indicate that oligochaetes are predominant throughout the study area. The most abundant taxa at a.!! stations were immature tubificids without capilliform chaetae (Tables TS-3 and TS-4). Oligochaetes which were common or abundant at all sampling stations during the study were Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, Aulodrilus limnobius, Aulodritus puqueti, and Stephensoniana trivandra. In general, sexually I I 15 I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I mature L. hoffmeisteri account for a greater percentage of the total oligochaete population at Nen-Control Stations Dl, D2, TS1, TS2, and 2B when compared with Control Station 1 (Table TS-6). The greater occurrence of sexually mature L_. hoffmeisteri in areas of thermal influence has been reported by Aston (197E Common genera of chironomids were Procladius, Coelotanypus and Cryptochironomus. Frequently, a greater variety of organisms is found at Stations TS1, TS2, and 2B compared to Station 1. This usually results in a slightly higher I Shannon-Weiner diversity and evenness at these stations (Table TS-7). The mean number of taxa and Shannon-Weiner indices for the ba k channel stations (TS1, TS2, 2B) were within the range of values observed for other stations in the study area. Most differences observed between Control Station and Non-Control Stations can be related to differences in habitat. A slight increase in the number of sexually mature L_. noffmeisteri at some Non-Control Stations is the only I observed influence that could be the result of thermal effluent. In general, species composition during the 1981 thermal study was similar to that observed during previous studies (1973 through 1980) which monitored benthic populations in the vicinity of BVPS. I I I I I I I I u I

m m W W W M M M M M M M M M M M M M T Trn h TABLE TS-6 2 DENSITY (Number /m ) AND PERCENT Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri OP TOTAL OLIGOCHAETA COLLECTED IN Tile OHIO RIVER THERMAL STUDY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1981 BVPS G$ Station >h y 1* 2A* D1 D2 TSl* TS2* 2B** 3* CO >C h Lianodrilus hoffmeisteri (8/m ) 247 80 949 632 247 158 20 119 2 rn Oligochaeta (t/m ) 2,055 784 6,049 2,274 6,148 592 430 2,819 $t-W3 h L. hoffmeisteri (%) 12 10 16 28 4 27 5 4 $O 2 0

Values represent mean (i) of duplicate camples.

yk r- >

- Values represent mean (i) of triplicate samples.

2 m O N l H

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I TABLE TS-7 ) DIVERSITY VALUES FOR uENTHIC MACROINVERTEBRATES I COLLECTED IN THE OHIO RIVER THERMAL STUDY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1931 I Station D1 D2 TSl* TS2* No. Taxa 8 9 18 7 Shannon-Weiner Index 1.47 1.97 1.93 1.64 Evenness 0.49 0.59 0.53 0.66

I

Values represent mean (x) of duplicate samples.

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APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY I 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT FISH A. Literature Survey A total of 50 fish species has been collected from the New Cumberland Pool, Ohio River in the vicinity of BVPS from 1970 to 1981 (Table TS-8). Thermal information regarding these fishes is presented in Table TS-9. Nearly 40% of the species collected are reported to be adversely affected by water warmer than the Maximum Discharge Temperature (MDT=94 F) permitted for the BVPS (Figure TS-4). Another 14% have upper lethal limits very near the MDT and should also be considered vulnerable to the thermal shock that occurs when the MDT is exceeded. However, MDT is also above the Final Temperature Preferences (FTP) and the Upper Avoidance Temperatures (UAT) reported for these species. It is highly probable that most resident juvenile and adult fishes would avoid areas at or above I MDT. Larval fish may have been swept into lethal temperature regimes; however, 3 because the ratio of BVPS discharge (41.2 f t /sec) versus river flow (21,000 3 f t /sec) that occurred during the days which MDT was exceeded was low, it is likely that only a very small area of the river would have been adversely affected by the thermal discharge resulting in low larval mortality. Almost all the information given in Table TS-9 concerns acute effects of elevated temperatures. Any long term exposure to artifically elevated temperatures can lead to a wide variety of chronic effects to fish populations. Literature reviews by , I Coutant and Talmage 1977; Talmage and Coutant 1978, 1979, 1980; and Cravens l 1981 provide an abundance of examples of recent studies regarding the effects of long term exposures to unusual thermal conditions. In addition, temperature preference and upper thermal tolerance values given in Table TS-9 should not be considered absolute. Without site specific data exact thermal tolerance information cannot be reported for fishes inhabiting the vicinity of BVPS. Values in Table TS-9 represent the best available approximations based on studies at other localities under somewhat different conditions. A number of factors including previous thermal history (Fry 1947), age of the fish (Fry 1937, as cited in Ferguson 1958; Kwain and McCauley 1973; Peterson and Metcalfe 1979), geographic location I g 19 I

I APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I TABLE TS-8 (SCIENTIFIC AND CObt10N NAME)I"I FAMILIES AND SPECIES OF FISH COLLECTED IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND I POOL OF THE CHIO RIVER, 1970-1981 BVPS I Family and Scientific Name Comon Name Lepisosteidae (gars) Lepisosteus osseus Longnose gar Clupeidae (herrings) Alosa chrysochloris Skipjack herring Dorosoma cepedianum Gizzard shad I Esocidae (pikes) Esox lucius Northern pike E. masquinongy Muskellunge E. lucius X E. masquinongy Tiger muskellunge Cyprinidae (minnows and carps) Campostoma anomalum Central stoneroller Carassius auratus Goldfish Cyprinus carpio Common carp C_. carpio X Carassius auratus Carp-goldfish hybrid Notemigonus crysoleucas Golden shiner Notropis atherinoides Emerald shiner N. cornutus Comon shiner N. rubellus Rosyface shiner I N. spilopterus Spotfin shiner N,. stramineus Sand shiner N. volucellus Mimic shiner Pimephales notatus Bluntnose minnow Rhinichthys atratulus Blacknose dace Semotilus atromaculatus Creek chub I Catostomidae (suckers) Carpiodes cyprinus Quillback Catostomus comersoni White sucker Hypentelium nigricans Northern hog sucker Ictiobus niger Black buffalo Moxostoma anisurum Silver redhorse ~M. duquesnei Black redhorse M. erythrurum Golden redhorse M,. macrolepidotum Shorthead redhorse I I u I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT TABLE TS-8 (Continued) Family and Scientific Name Conmon Name Ictaluridae (bullhead catfishes) Ictalurus catus White catfish I. melas Black bullhead I. natalis Yellow bullhead I nebulosus Brown bullhead I. punctatus Channel catfish Percopsidae (trout-perches) Percopsis emiscomaycus Trout-perch Cyprinodontidae (killifishes) Fundulus diaphanus Banded killifish Percichthyidae (temperate basses) Morone chrysops White bass Centrarchidae (sunfishes) Ambloplites rupestris Rock bass Lepomis cyanellus Green sunfish L,. gibbosus Pumpkinseed L_. macrochirus Bluegill Micropterus dolomieui Smallmouth bass M. punctulatus Spotted bass M. salmoides Largemouth bass Pomoxis annularis White crappie P_. nigromaculatus Black crappie Percidae (perches) Etheostoma nigrum Johnny darter E. zonale Banded darter Perca flavescens-Yellow perch Percina caprodes Logperch Stizostedion canadense Sauger S_. vitreum vitreum Walleye Sciaenidae (drums) Aplodinotus grunniens Freshwater drum I I#'Ncanenclature follows Robins et al. (1980). 21 I

g g m e m m M M M M E E m m m TABLE TS-9 Z2 TtMPERATURE PREFERENCE AND UPPER THERMAL TOLERANCE INfORMATION x FOR FISH COLLECTED IN THE NEN CUPBERIAND POOL OF THE OHIO RIVER, 1970-1981 Type of Common Name Location Study Life Stage Thermal Information ( Q* Reference oo Longnose gar Illinois Fleid Adult FTP=33.0-35.0 e-. Cammon 1973 Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=25.3 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 g Adult FTP=33.1 pC cO Ciszard shad Tennessee 'leid Adult FTP=23.0 Dendy 1945 >C Illinois Field Adult FTP=28.5-31.0 t-M Camunon 1973 g Lake Erle Lab Adult FTP=20.5 (F) Reutter and Herdendori 1976 m7 C2M=31.7 2m Minnesota Lab Juvenile LT $ g-= w 50" N Skipjack herring 1111pois Field Adult FTP=27.0-29.0 Nb Cammon 1973 Og 2g Northern pike Germany ' Lab Larvae CTM-34.5 Tschortner 19563 as cited in mO Ontario, Canada Lab Juvenile LT Franklin and Smith 1963 2 O 50= .0 0 25.0 acc. Smtt 1964 gg Minnesota Lab Larvae LT 8.4 50=25.0 Hokanson et al. 1973 yg LT p> Ohio Lab Adult LT =29.0 Z Hornings personal communication cited in Casselman 1978 m *< Ontario Lab Juvenile ULT 50" '** m Muskellunge Ontario Lab Juvenile FTP=24.0 W Jackson and Price 19493 as cited d in Ferguson 1958 Ontario Lab Juvenile LT 32.5 0 25.0 acc. Scott 1964 CMS =33.2-36.1025.0acc. New York Lab Larva. New York Lab Larvae CTM-32.8 Bassen and Spot!!a 1976 Bonin and Spotilla 1978 New York Lab Juvenile C'IM=34.2-34.9 9 18.2-20.2 acc. Bonin 1979 Pennsylvania Lab Juvenile FTP=21.9 (AM): 27.3 (PM) Reynolds and Caster 11n 1979 Tiger Ontario Lab Juvenile LT muskullunge 50" ""*I I rose evidence of hybrid vigor to thermal stress New York Lab Larvae CTM=34.0 Scott 1964 Bonin and Spott11a 1978

M M M M M M

U
C TTI TABLE TS-9 (Continued) 2O Type of (C"

Iteference Common Name Location Study Life Stage Thermal Information J Goldfish Ontario Lab Juvenile ULT $n=41.0 Fry et al. 1942 Ontario Lab Juvenile FTP=28.1 Fry 1947 Lake Erie Lab Juvenile F*'P= 2 7. 0 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 CTM greater than 35.0 Illinois ' Lab Juvenile C1N=37.6 e 25.0 acc. Cossins et al. 1977 France Lab Adult Spermatogenesis inhibited Gillet et al. 1977 above 30.0 >U Z Central Virginia Lab Adult FTP=26.8 Stauffer et al. 1976 2 C stonesoller UAT=33.0 0 27.0 acc. c,O Field Adult F1T*22.7-21.8 gT3 Varglela

Lat, Adult FTP=26.2 Cherry at al. 1977 (A

ULT 50 (Tl Conson carp Canada Lab Juvenile FTP=32.0 Pitt 9t al. 19563 a.' cited N [O N UAT=35.0 in Coutant 1977 W Wisconsin Lab Juvenile F1?=31.9 (da): 32.0 (n) Neill 19713 as cited Z UAT=33.5 (da): 32.3 (n) in coutant 1977 d 7 Illinois Field Adult FTP=33.0-35.0 Cammon 1973 %O Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=29.7 deutter and uerdendorf 1976 2 O CTM=39.6 H$ Pennsylvania Lab Juvenile FTP=29.0 Reynolds ar.1 Casterlin 1977 >T r* > Golden shiner Lake Erie Lab Adult FTP=22.3 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 % Z Cnt=30.5 IT3 < O Emerald shiner Ontario Lab Adult ULT '* I "' #

50 N

in Kowalski et al. 1978 q Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=22.0-23.0 Barans and Tubb 1973 Adult FW=22.0-24.0 Lake Erie Lab Adult C1N=28. 6 Reutter armi Herdendorf 1976 Commun shiner Ontario Lab Adult ULT =31.0 Hart 1952 as citM 50 in Iowalski et al. 1978 Illinois Lab Adult FTP=30.2 (Sp): 41.1 (F) Ulvestad and tar 1977 New York Lab Adait C1M=V,.6 (W) 31.9 (Sp) Kowalski et al. 1978

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M >'c 'O TABLE TS-9 (Continued) O Type of Common Name Incatton StudL Life Stage Thermal Informat ton (OQ* Reference Creek chub Ontario Lab Adult LT50=32.6 Brett 19443 as cited in Brown 1974 Ontarto Lab Adait ULT

I

'$ 3 ** * * " i 50" I arown 1974 l Blacknose dsce Ontario Lab Adult ULT 50" '** '$ 3 ** #

Brown 1974 yZ U Ou111back 111&nois Fle1J Adult Ftv=23.0-31.0 r:=m 1973 7 C Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=22.1 Reetter and Herdendorf 1976 CO I

C1N=37.2 >C I I White aucker Colorado Field Adult FTP=18.9-21.1 Borak and T&nner 1964 OZ l Lake Erie Lab Jmt.n!!e FTP=22.4 Reutter and Herdendor f 1976 2M l CTM=11.6 If" i N W$ Nor t hern Virginia Lab Juv.6 Adult FTP=29.2 Chesay at al. 1975 ,C Z hug sucker Virginia Lab Juv.67 Nit FTP=27.9 St=uffer et al. 1976 fH i UAT=33.0 0 24.0 acc. Field Adult FTP=26.6-27.7 g l i O Virginia Lab Juv.6Rdult FTP=28.6 Cherry et al. 1977 q3 l ULT =33.0

)= "3 UATbl.0024.0Acc.

I"* > New York Lab Juv.6 Adult CT0 30.4 e 15.0 acc. Kowalski at al. 1978 2 y< M Black buffalo NO INFORMATION

CO Silver redhorse West Virginia Lab Larvae F'AP=27.8 Smit 4 (In Prep.)

ULT * $* 50 Black radhor se NO INFORMATION Golden redhorse Illinois Field Adult FTP=26.0-27.5 Gammon 1973 West Virginia Lab Larvae FTP=28.9 Smith ( 'n Frep.) ULT50" / ShossSead 1111ru)is Field Adult FTr*26.0-27.5 Gammon 1973 redhor ne j s f / r im / .Y l 4

M M M M M M M M M M M bM M NM 'm

U

'O m TABLE TS-9 (Continued) 1 z 0 Type of Q Cnason Name Location Study Life Stage Thermal Information i C " Reference J Rosyface shiner

firginia Lab Adult FTP=27.6 Cherry et al. 1975 Virginia Lab A&lt FTP=26.0 Cherry et al. 1977 UAT=27.0 0 24.0 acc.

ULT =33.0 Virginia Lab A&lt FTP 8.8 Stauffer et al. 1976 UAT=27.0 0 24.0 acc. Field Adult FTP=28.3-30.0 New York Lab A&lt CTM-31.8 0 15.0 acc. Kowalaki et al. 1978 >O 2zC Sputtin shiner Pennsylvania Lab Adult UAT=32.2 0 25.5 acc. Robbina and Mathur 19743 as C cited in Stauffer et al. 1976 >C Virginia Lab Adult UAT=35.0 0 30.0 acc. Cherry et al. 1975 I Virginia Lab Adult F1?=29.8 Stauffer et al. 1976 M2 UAT=36.0 0 33.0 acc. 2A Fleid A&lt No observable thermal preferences f*b Sand shiner New York Lab Adult CTM=32.3 (W): 33.1 (Sp) Kowalski et al. 1978 "I* Mimic shiner Virginia Field Adult No observable thermal Stauffer et al. 1976 () preferences zO H$ aluntnose alnnow Gntario Lab Adult ULT

23*3

t I9478 ** "II'J >O 50 in Kowalski et al. 1978 F> Virginia Lab Adult FtP=28.4 Cherry et al. 1975 2 W< Lake Erie Lab Adult C1M*27.8 (Sp) Reutter and Berdendorf 1976 A Virginia Lab Adult FTP=26.7 Stauffer et al. 1976 UAT=30.0 0 27.0 acc. Field Adult FTP=19.5-23.2 p 4 UAT greater than 35.0 Virginia Lab Adult FTP=28.1 Cherry et al. 1977 ULT 50" Pennsylvatla Lab Adult FTT=23.1 Melisky 1980 ULT =33.1 UAT 0.0 0 24.0 acc.

m m m m m M M m M M M M M M M M M M M "J '3 TABLE TS;9 (Continued) m2O Type of Comenon Name Location Study Life Stage ThermalInformation(h* Reference White catfish NO INFORMATION Black bullhead Minnesota Lab Juvenile LT = 5.7 Cvancara 1977 50. Yellow bullhead Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=28.3 Reutter aM HerdeMorf 1976 CTM=36.4 Pennsylvania Lab Juven!!e FTP=28.8 Reynolds and Casterlin 1978 >0 A&lt FTP=27.6 22 C Brown bullhead Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=24.9 Beutter and Herdendact 1976 C [Mh CTM-37.0 Massachusetts Lab A&lt FTP=27.3 (W) Richards ad Ibara 1978 m2 Channel catfish Virginia Lab Juvenile FTP=30.5 Cherry et al. 1975 hU FTPD=)35.0 ULT F M Virginia Field Juv.& Adult .9-35.0 Stauffer et al. 1976 b S. Carolina Field Juvenile FTP=26.1 Cheetham et al.1976 3* CTM=39.5 0 26.0 acc. d Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FYP=25.2 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 %O CrM=38.0 zO -4 3' Trout-perch Lake Michigan Field Adult FTP=10.0-16.0 Wells 19683 as cited in > *U Coutant 1977 I> Lake Erie Lab Adult CTM=22.9 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 %m4 Banded k!!11 fish Pennsylvania Lab A&lt FTP=28.6 Melisk et al.1980 Nova Scotia Lab Adult FTP=21.0 Carside aM Morrison 1977 y Nova Scotia Lab Adult LT =34.5 an= M yh and Garside 1977 4 50 White bass Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=30.0-34.0 Barans and Tubb 1973 A&lt FTP=30.0-32.0 Lake Erie Lab Adult FTP=27.0 Reutter and Herdendor f 1976 CTM=35.3 Illinois Field Adult FTP=28.0-29.5 ca m 1973

E E N N E E E E E E E E E E E

C "U

TT1 TABLE TS-9 (Continued) 2 2 Type of X Cannon Name Location Study Life Stage Thermal information (OC" Reference J Rock bass Wisconsin Lab Juvenile FTP=26.2 (da)3 28.8 (n) Metal 19713 as cited UAT=29.0 (da), 29.5 (n) in Coutant 1977 Fleid A&lt FTP=26.8-28.3 Lake Erie Lab Juven!!e FTP=20.2 (Su) 22.8 (F) Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 5 C1M=36.0 00 Virginia Lab Juven!!e FTP=30.2 Stauffer et al. 1976 ~ UAT=30.0 8 24.0 acc. g Field A&lt FTP= 30.0 7c Virginia Lab Juvenile FTP=30.6 Cherry et al. 1977 g ULT =36.0 UAT30.0024.0acc. yC g- ] mz Green sunfish Wisconsin Lab Juvenile TP=28.2 0 20.0-22.0 acc. Bettinger et al. 1975 2 g; UAT=30.3 0 20.0-22.0 acc. virginia Lab Adult FTP=30.6 Cherry et al. 1975 %p N UAT=33.0 0 24.0 acc. O O ont-ib on,- LT,,=35.0 20.0.cc., . m,ord 1,70,.s cit.d 25 40.0 4 30.0 acc. in Brown 1974 g O rT1 Fumpkinseed Wisconsin Field Juven!!e FTP=28.5-32.0(da), 27.0-29.0(n) Neill 1971s as cited in 2 O Coutant 1977 d5 Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=27.7 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 CTM-37.5 Pennsylvania Lab Juvenile FTP=26.0 Reynolds and Casterlin 1977 N <g g

C Bluegill Wisconsin Fleid Adult FTP=29.4-31.3 Nelli and Magnuson 1974 O

UAT=32.5 A Virginia Lab Juvenile FTP=32.0 Cherry et al. 1977 H UAT=36.0 0 24.0 acc. ULT FTP$=.36.0 Pennsylvania Lab Juven!!e 23 Reynolds and Casterlin 1976 Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=27.4 (W) Reutter and Herdendost 1976 CTM-38.3

M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

U

'O TTI TABLE TS-9 (Continued) 2 O Type of g" Cemnon Name Location s t u<ty Life stage Thermal Information 1*Q* Reference Smallmouth bass Wisconsin Fleid Adult FTP=20.3-21.3 Hile and Judey 19413 as cited in Ferguson 1958 Ontario Field Aaalt FTP=21.4 Ballan 1958s as cited in Ferguson 1958 Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=26.6 (F) Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 C7N= 36.3 Virginia Lab Juvenile FTP=30.8 Stauffer et al. 1976

> O UAT=33.0 0 24.0 acc.

2 Virginia Lab Juvenile FTP=30.3 Cherry et al. 1977 2 C CO UATb).35.0 ULT = O 9 24.0 and 27.0 acc. Un Spotted bass Tennessee Field Adult FTP=29.4 Dendy 1945 M2 Illinois Field Adult FTP=28.0-30.0 Ga==m 1973 M y Virginia Lab Juvenile FTP=32.0 Stauffor et al. 1976 N [C) 03 UAT=33.0 0 24.0 acc. Field Adult LT greater than 35.0 Oz Virginia Lab Juvenile FTN31.2 fH DAT=33.0 0 24.0 acc. $ (0 ) ULT,,=36.0 2-t 3" Largemouth bass Tennessee Field Adult FTP=26.6-27.7 Dendy 1945 > "U Wisconsin Field Adult UAT=30.7 (da), 31.0 (n) Neill and Magnuson 1974 I>2 Pennsylvania Lab Juvenile FTP=30.0 Reynolds ath2 Caster 11n 1976 Minnesota Lab Juvenile LT -35.6 Cvancara 1977 M 50 White crapple Illinois Field Adult FTP=27.0-31.0 Ca== m 1973 p Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=19.4 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 g C7M greater than 32.8 Black crappie Lake Erie Lab Juven!!e FTP=21.7 (Su): 24.6 (W) Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 CMT=34.9 Pennsylvania Lab Juvenile FTP=24.0 Reynolds and Caster 11n 1976

m m M M m M m M M M M M M M M M M M M T Trn TABLE TS-9 (Continued) 2 O Type of Crummon Name Im st ion Study Life Stage Thermal Information iCJ Reference 8 Johnny darter New York Lab Adult CTM=31.4 (Sp) Rowalski et al. 1978 Yellow perch Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=28.0-29.0 Barans and Tuth 1973 Adult FTP=23.0-26.0 Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=20.9 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 CTM= 35.0 Virginia Lab Juven!!e FTP=19.2 Cherry et al. 1977 UAT=29.0 8 24.0 acc. >U 2 ULT -26.0 50 Logperch NO INFORMATION vi Sauger Tennessee Field Adult FTP=19.2 Dendy 1945 2 Illinois Field Adult FTP=26.0-28.0 Ca==~n 1973 g Wisconsin Lab Juven!!e LT50= 0.4 8 20.0-22.0 m. Smith aM Koenst 1975 gC w O W Walleye Tennessee Field Adult FTP=22.7-23.0 Dendy 1945 2 "I o Wisconsin Lab Juven!!e LT Smith and Koenst 1975 cd0=31.6926.0acc. - i f Lake Erie Lab Juvenile greater than 34.4 Reutter and Bordendorf 1976 $O Alabama Lab Juven!!e Maximum growth Wrenn and Forsythe 1978 zO temperature =32.0-33.0 -1 3 >T Freshwater drum Illinois Field Adult FTP=28.0-31.0 c= % 1973 I> Lake Erie Lab Juvenile FTP=31.3 Reutter and Herdendorf 1976 M Adult FTP=26.5 Q Juvenile CTM=34.0 O Minnesota Lab Juvenile LT50* '8 N H a) REY: FTP= Final Temperature Preference (Sp)= Spring CTM= Critical Thermal Maximum (Su)= Summet LT 0= Upper u thal Temperature (F)= Fall UL

Upper Ultimate Incipient Lethal Temperature (W)

Winter 50 UAT= Upper Avoidance Temperature (AM)= morning TP= Temperature Preference (PM)= evening acc.= Acc11mation Temperature (da)= day (n) = night

m m m m m m m m M M M M M M M m M M M Lethal Temperature (CDt, LT50, ET50) C T f M n n n n u u 'A u u A b b n b m co O N b m c) O N b 4 2 g g I X a Longnose gar l O y I Gizzard shad g I b a Skipjack herring g l y] Northern pike

I ng Maske11unge

[ co = I Tiger muskellunge g g MQ Goldfish 2 7 C Central stoneroller l l C Common carp E l $d r] g Golden shiner f ] g ta Emerald shiner E g 1 o@ $r w I 5 l WH MB o g Cam. son shiner H g g c: O $ Rosyface shiner X H l y h al g 9 Spotfin shiner

E bO I

Nm a g o 2 0 E Sand shiner a H WN -t 3" S H g Mimic shiner g I m >T a es I c em 2 Bluntncge minnow g N:C 2 l f A Creek chub g H g gQ

D Blacknose dace I

$b g y i -m _i Quillback y l l Q I White sucker l 1 Northern hog sucker y l g b Silver redhorse l l g a O l Black redlerse M g Go1Jen redhorse j g Shorthead redhorce" I

M M M M M M M M M M M M M Lethal Temperature (CTH, LT$g, ET50} } T T b I l N N o 2 o o 0 a X Black buffalo l White catfish" l Black bullhead l l l Yellow bullhead l e Brown bullhead l l g Channel catfish Il l y 1 2 0 Trout-perch l l 2 C Banded killifish ll CO l >C I" M White bass g I gy g 2 { Rock bass l g O. Green sunfish ll l Ein It~ ta a u yO P Pumpkinseed l Ed O { Bluegill l l 8E $ Smallmouth bass l-.-4 mO i 2 0 a E, Spotted bass lH H 3" >T l Largemouth bass l g-= > White crapple l M Black crapple l l TO I Johnny darter l

U Yellow perch Logperch*

Sauger l l Walleye l Freshwater detsa H I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I (Hall et al.1978), light intensity (Sullivan and Fisher 1953; Reynolds et al.1977), day length (Roberts 1964; Hokanson 1977), dissolved oxygen. Jpply (Meldrim et al., I unpublished data, as cited by Gif t 1977), metal ion concentrations (Kleerekoper et al.1973), nutritional status (Javid and Anderson 1967; Ulvestad and Zar 1977), f eeding activity (Brett 1952), bacterial infections (Reynolds et al.1976), and inter-and intraspecific social interactions (Bacon et al. 1967; Beitinger and Magnuson 1975) can affect the ultimate response and survival of a fish in a thermal gradient. B. Field Survey I Fishes collected in the BVPS and Shippingport discharge areas (Figure TS-3) on September 23,1981 are presented in Table TS-10. Two snapping turtles were also collected in the gill net set in the Shippingport discharge. The discharge temperattre during these collections was approximately 25 C. On October 5, 1941, a 10 minute gill net set approximately 100 meters downstream of the BVPS discharge yielded two longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus). These may have been in I the vicinity of the discharge area either seeking their preferred temperature or an abundance of forage fish attracted to the warmer water. Comparison of catch from the river transects sampled in 1981 (Table TS-II; Figure TS-1) with that from the discharge collections (Table TS-10) showed no unusual differences in species composition. While catch per unit effort of the electro-fishing was much higher at river stations than in the discharges on September 23, many site specific factors could have decreased the efficiency of the discharge collections. The strong current experienced in the discharge was not conducive to I successful electrofishing. Many fish were swept past the boat before they could be netted. increased turbulence in the discharge also resulted in increased turbidity making it difficult to see stunned fish. I 'I I l l 32 lI

I APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I TABLE TS-10 FISH COLLECTED DUPING A SPECIAL THERMAL STUDY AT THE DISCHARGES OF THE BEAVER VALEY AND SHIPPINGPORT POWER I STATIONS, SEPTEMBER 23, 1981 I SPECIES BEAVER VALLEY SHIPPINGPORT Gill Net Electrofishing Gill Net Electrofishing Gizzard shad 0 4 0 1 Carp 1 1 1 2 Emerald shiner 0 3 0 0 Sand shiner 0 0 0 1 Channel catfish 2 0 0 0 Banded killifish 0 1 0 0 Bluegill 0 0 0 1 Smallmouth bass 0 0 0 1 Largemouth bass 0 4 0 1 TOTAL 3 13 1 7 I I I I I I I 33 I

m M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

TABLE TS-11 l

NUMBER OF FISH COLLECTED BY GILL NET (G), ELECTROFlSHING (E) AND HINNOW TRAP DI) AT TRANSECTS IN THE NEW CUMBERLAND POOL OF T!!E 0t110 RIVER, 1981 BVPS y T Trn 2 Transect 1 Transect 2A Transect 2B Traneect 3 Grand Total Annual _O TAXA C E H G E H G E H G E H G E N Total X Gizzard shad 4 30 31 1 25 1 90 91 Northern pike 1 1 1 Carp 3 21 2 5 3 7 3 12 11 45 56 Golden shiner 1 201 14 305 86 148 119 856 259 1115 I 1 G Emerald shiner 202 40 Spotfin shiner 1 I 2 8 1 3 10 13 y Sand shiner 31 10 26 3 5 2 10 72 15 87 2 O Himic shiner 4 10 1 1 2 17 1 18 2 C Bluntnose minnow 24 2 17 1 4 1 45 4 49 Quillback 1 1 1 rn e$ Northern hog sucker 2 1 3 3 rn Silver redhorse I I 2 rn Colden redhorse 2 1 3 3 $[ g A Shorthead redhorse 1 1 2 2 N O Redhorse sp. I 1 1 1 Brown bullhead 1 i 1 ? h Channel catfish 2 1 2 2 2 9 2 15 15 5 15 35 White bass 1 1 1 _g g Rock bass 2 2 2 >T Green sunfish 1 1 1 2 F> Pumpkinseed 1 1 1 y Blue gill 2 3 5 5 T Smallmouth bass 4 11 15 30 30 C) Spotted bass 2 1 1 1 1 4 5 g Largemouth bass 3 3 3 Sunfish sp. I 1 1 Yellow perch 1 1 1 2 Logperch 3 3 3 Sauger 1 1 1 3 5 1 6 Walleye 1 3 4 4 Freshwater dessa 3 3 3 Total 7 300 52 6 314 19 7 377 98 26 205 135 46 1196 304 1546

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT CONCLUSIONS The benthic survey indicates tnat the BVPS thermal discharge imposes little acute impact on the aquatic macroinvertebrate community. Differences in taxa composition and densities can be attributed to physical conditions known to influence macroinvertebrate distributions (e.g. substrate type, water currents, etc.). Data indicate most (54%) of the fishes inhabiting the vicinity of BVPS should be considered vulnerable to temperatures exceeding MDT. However, the small volume of discharge f rom BVPS compared to river flow should result in a very small area of potential harm. In addition, the mobility of fishes and their ability to sense and avoid regions of unfavorable temperatures should result in little or no acute effects due to thermal shock caused by exceeding MDT. I I I I I I I I I E 35 I

APPENT !X DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1931 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT GLOSSARY OF THERMAL TERMINOLOGY I Acclimation Temperature (acc): The average temperature which an organism has inhabited recently been exposed for a period of time sufficient to allow its physiological I processes to equilibrate to it. Critical Thermal Maximum (CTM): Arithmetic mean of the collective thermal points at which locomotory activity becomes disorganized and the animal loses the ability to escape (Precht et al.1973). I Final Temperature Preference (FTP): That temperature towards which a fish will gravitate given sufficient time regardless of previous thermal history (Fry 1947). Temperature Preference (TP): The mean temperature a fish acclimated to a particular temperature will select when placed in a wide ranging I thermal gradient. Upper Avoidance Temperature (UAT): The upper thermal boundary beyond which an organism will not voluntarily occupy. Upper Lethal Temperature (LT50): The highest temperature lethal to I fif ty percent of the specimens exposed for a given length of time (usually 7 days) at a given acclimation temperature. Upper Ultimate Incipient Lethal The highest temperature lethal to Temperature (ULT 50): fif ty percent of the specimens exposed for 7 days regardless of acclimation temperature (Fry et al.1942). 36 l

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I REFERENCES i Aston, R. 3.1973. Field and experimental studies on the effects of a power station I ef fluent on Tubificidae (Oligochaeta: Annelida). Hydrobrologia 42(2):225-242. Aston, R. 3. and D. 3. A. Brown. 1975. Local and seasonal variations in I populations of the leech, Erpobdella octoculata (L.) in a polluted river warmed by condenser effluents. Hydrobiologia 47:347-366. I Bacon, E. J., Jr., W. H. Neill, Jr., and R. V. Kilambi. 1967. Temperature selection and heat resistance of the mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis. Proc. Annu. Conf. S. E. Assoc. Game Fish Comm. 21:411-416. Barans, C. A. and R. A. Tubb.1973. Temperatures selected seasonally by four fishes f rom western Lake Erie. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 30:1697-1703. I Beitinger, T. L. and 3. 3. Magnuson.1975. Influence of social rank and size on thermoselection behavior of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 32:2133-2136. Beitinger, T. L., 3.3. Magnuson, W. H. Neill, and W. R. Shaff er.1975. Behavioral thermoregulation and activity patterns in the green sunfish, Lepomis cyanellus. Anim. Behav. 23:222-229. I Bonin, 3. D.1979. Temperature tolerance of juvenile muskellunge reared under hatchery conditions. N.Y. Fish and Game Jour. 26(1):95-97. Bonin, 3. D. and 3. R. Spotila.1973. Temperature tolerance of larval muskellunge (Esox masquinongy Mitchill) and F, hybrids reared under hatchery conditions. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 59A:245-243. Brett, 3. R. 1944. Some lethal temperature relations of Algonquin Park fishes. Univ. Toronto Stud., Biol. Ser. No. 52, Publ. Ont. Fish. Res. Lab. 63:1-59. Brett, 3. R. 1952. Temperature tolerance in young Pacific salmon, genus Oncorhynchus. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 9:265-323. Brinkhurst R. O. and D. G. Cook. 1974. Aquatic Earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta).

p. 143-156. In Pollution Ecology of Freshwater Invertebrates Academic Press 339 p.

Brown, >l. W. 1974. Handbook of the effects of temperature on some North Amencan fishes. American Electric Power Service Corporation, Canton, Ohio. E $24 pp. i lg I Casselman, 3. M. 1973. Effects of environmental factors on growth, survival, activity, and exploitation of northern pike. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ.11:114-123. j I 37

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I i Cherry, D. S., K. L. Dickson, and J. Cairns, Jr.1975. Temperatures selected and avoided by fish at various acclimation temperatures. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 32:485-491. Cherry, D. S., K. L. Dickson, J. Cairns, Jr., and 3. R. Stauffer.1977. Preferred, avoided, and lethal temperatures of fish during rising temperature conditions. 'I Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 34(2):239-246. Cossins, A. R., 3. 3. Friedlander, and C. L. Prosser.1977. Correlations between I behavio al temperature adaptations of goldfish and the viscosity and fatty acid composition of their synaptic membranes. Jour. Comp. Physiol. 120:109-121. Coutant, C. C. 1977. Compilation of temperature preference data. Pages 739-745 I in Temperature preference studies in environmental impact assessments: An overview with procedural recommendation. F. P. Richards, W. W. Reynolds, and R. W. McCauley (eds.) Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 34(5):728-761. Coutant, C. C. and S. S. Talmage.1977. Thermal effects. Jour. Water Poll. Cont. Fed. 49(6):1369-1425. Cravens, J. B.1981. Thermal effects. Jour. Water Poll. Conf. Fed. 53(6):949-865. Crawshaw, L. I.1975. Attainment of the final thermal preferendum in brown I bullheads accliminated to different temperatures. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 32A:171-173. I Curry, L. L. 1965. A survey of environmental requirements for the midge pp.127-143 In Biological Problems in Water Pollution. 424 p. Cvancara, V. A., S. F. Stieber, and B. A. Cvancara.1977. Summer temperature I tolerance of selected species of Mississippi River acclimated young of the year fishes. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 56A(1):81-85. I Davies, R. W. and T. B. Reynoldson. 1976. A comparison of life cycle of Helobdella stagnalis (Linn.1758)in two different geographical areas in Canada.

3. Animal Ecology 45:457-470.

Dendy,3. S.1945. Predicting depth distribution of fish in three TVA storage-type reservoirs. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 75:65-71. I Franklin, D. R. and L. L. Smith, Jr.1963. Early life history of the northern pike, Esox lucius L., with special reference to the factors influencing the numerical strength of year classes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 92(2):91-110. Fry, F.E.J. 1937. The summer migration of the cisco, Leucichthys artedi (LeSueur), in Lake Nipissing, Ontario. Univ. Toronto Stud., Biol. Ser. No. 44., Publ. Ontario Fish. Res. Lab. No. 55:1-91. I I 38 I

APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Fry, F.E.J. 1947. Effects of the environment on animal activity Univ. Toronto Stud. Biol. Ser. 55, Publ. Ont. Fish. Res. Lab. 68:1-62. Fry, F.E.J., J. R. Brett, and G. H. Clawson.1942. Lethal limits of temperature for young goldfish. Rev. Can. Biol.1:50-56. Gammon, J. R.1973. The effect of thermal inputs un the populations of fish and macroinvertebrates in the Wabash River. Tech. Rept. No. 32. Ptraue Univ. Water Resources Research Center, West Lafayette, Indiana.106 pp. Garside, E. T. and G. C. Morrison.1977. Thermal preferences of mummichog: Fundulus heteroclitus L., and banded killifish F. diaphanus (Lesueur), (Cyprinodontidae)in relation to thermal acclimation and salinity. Can. J. Zool. I 35:1190-1194. Gaufin, A. R. and S. Hern. 1971. Laboratory studies on tolerance of aquatic insects to heated waters. J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 44:240-245. Gif t, J. J.1977. Application of temperature preference studies to environmental impact assessment. Pages 746-749 in F. P. Richards, W. W. Reynolds, and R. W. I McCauley (eds). Temperature preference studies in environmental impact assessments: An overview with procedural recommendations. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 34:723-761. Gillet, C., R. Billard, and Bernard Breton.1977. Effects de la temperature sur le taux de gonadotropine plasmatique et al spermatogenese du poisson rouge Carassius auratus. Can. J. Zool. 55(1):242-245. Gregg, B. 1974. The effects of chlorine and heat on selected stream invertebrates. Ph.D. diss. Va. Polytech. Inst. State Univ., Blacksburg, Virginia. 303 pp. Hall, L. W., C. H. Hocutt, and J. R. Stauff er, Jr.1973. Implication of geographic location on temperature preference of white perch, Morone americana. Jour. I Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 35:1464-1468. Hallam, J. C.1958. Habitat and associated f auna of four species of fish in Ontario streams. Unpublished manuscript. Hart, J. S. 1947. Lethal temperature relations of certain fish of the Toronto region. Trans. Royal Soc. Can. 41:57-71. Hart, J. S.1952. Geographic variations of some physiological and morphological characters in certain freshwater fish. Univ. Toronto Stud. Biol. Ser. No. 60, Ont. Fish. Res. Lab. Publ. 72:1-79. Hile, R. and C. Juday.1941. Bathymetric distribution of fish in lakes of the northeastern highlands, Wisconsin. Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. Arts, Sci. and Lett. 33:147-187. I I

I APPENDIX OUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY I 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Hokanson, K.E.F. 1977. Temperature requirements of some percids and adaptations to the seasonal temperature cycle. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 34:1524-1550. Hokanson, K.E.F., J. H. McCormick, and B. R. Jones. 1973. Temperature requirements for embryos and larvae of the northern pike, Esox lucius I (Linnaeus). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102(1):89-100. Horak, O. L. and H. A. Tanner.1964. The use of vertical gill nets in studying fish I depth distribution, Horsetooth Reservoir, Colorado. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 93:137-145. Hynes, H. B. N. 1970. The Ecology of Running Water. University of Toronto I Press. 555 pp. Jackson, M. F. and 3. L. Price. 1949. The preferred temperature of a sample of yearling Esox masquinongy. Manuscript in Ontario Fish. Res. Lab. Library, Toronto. 4 pp. Javid, M. Y. and 3. M. Anderson. 1967. Influence of starvation on selected I temperature of some salmonids. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 24:1515-1519. Kleerekoper, H., 3. B. Waxman, and J. Matis.1973. Interaction of temperature and I copper ions as orienting stimuli in tM locomotor behavior of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 30:725-728. Kowalski, K. T.,3. P. Schubauer, C. L. Scott, and 3. R. Spotila.1978. Interspecific and seasonal differences in the temperature tolerance of stream fish 3. Thermal Biology 3:105-108. Kwain, W. and R. W. McCauley.1978. Eff ects of age and overhead illumination on temperatures preferred by underyearling rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, in a vertical temperature gradient. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 35(11):1430-1433. Langford, T. E.1975. The emergence of insects from a British river, warmed by power station cooling-water. Part II. The emergence patterns of some species of Ephemnoptera, Trichoptera and Meguloptera in relation to water temperature and riverflow, upstream and downstream of the cooling-water outfalls. Hydrobiologia 47:91-133. I Lehmkuhl, D. M. 1979. Environmental disturbance and lif e histories: principles and examples. 3. Fish Res. Board Can. 36:329-334. Melisky, E. L.1980. Temperature criteria for three important representative fish I species of the Middle Atlantic Region. M.S. Thesis. Frostburg State College. Frostburg, Maryland.143 pp. Melisky, E. L.,

3. R. Stauffer, Jr., and C. H. Hocutt. 1980.

Temperature preference of banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus, from southwestern Pennsylvania. Copeia 1980 (2):346-343. 40 I

I APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Nebeker A. V. and A. E. Lemke. 1968. Preliminary studies on the tolerance of aquatic insects to heated waters. 3. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 41:413-418. Neill, W. H.1971. Distributional ecology and behavioral thermoregulation of fishes in relation to heated effluent from a steam-electric power plant (Lake Monona, Wisconsin). Ph.D. Thesis. Univ. Wisconsin, Wis. 203 pp. Neill, W. H. and J. J. Magnuson.1974. Distributional ecology and behavioral thermoregulation of fishes in relation to heated effluent from a power plant at I Lake Monona, Wisconsin. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103:663-710. Peterson, R. H. and 3. L. Metcalfe.1979. Responses of Atlantic salmon alevins to temperature gradients. Can. J. Zool. 57(7):1424-1430. Pitt, T. K., E. T. Garside, and R. L. Hepburn. 1956. Temperature selection of the carp (Cyprinus carpio Linn.). Can. J. Zool. 34:555-557. Precht, H., J. Christophersen, H. Hersel, and W. Larcher.1973. Temperature and life. Springer-Verlag. New York. 779 pp. Reutter, J. M. and C. E. Herdendorf. 1976. Thermal discharge from a nuclear power plant: Predicted effects on Lake Erie fish. Ohio 3. Sci. 76(1):39-45. Reynolds, W. W. 1977. Temperature as a proximate factor in orientation behavior. Pages 734-739. In Temperature preference studies in environmental impact assessments: An overview with procedural recommendations. F. P. Richards, W. W. Reynolds, and R. W. McCauley (eds). Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 34:728-761. Reynolds, W. W. and M. E. Casterlin.1976. Thermal preferenda and behavioral I thermoregulation in three centrarchid fishes. Pages 185-190. M G. W. Esch and R. W. McFarlane (eds). Thermal Ecology II: Proc. Symp. held at Augusta, Georgia, 2-5 April 1975. EROA Symp. Ser., CONF-750425, Natl. Tech. Inf. Serv., Springfield, Virginia. Reynolds, W. W. and M. E. Casterlin. 1977. Temperature preferences of four fish I species in an electronic thermoregulatory shuttlebox. Prog. Fish-Culturist. 39(3):123-125. Reynolds, W. W. and M. F. Casterlin.1978. Ontogenetic change in preferred I temperature and diel activity of the yellow bullhead, Ictalurus natalis. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 59A (4):409-411. I Reynolds, W. W. and M. E. Casterlin. 1979. Thermoregulatory rhythm in juvenile muskellunge (Esox masquinongy): Evidence of a diel shif t in the lower set-point. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 63 A:523-525. Reynolds, W. W., M. E. Casterlin, and 3. B. Covert.1976. Behavioral fever in teleost fishes. Nature 259:41-42. I I 41

I APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT Reynolds, W. W., D. A. Thomson, and M. E. Casterlin.1977. Responses of young California grunion, Leuresthes tenuis, to gradients of temperature and light. Copeia 1977:144-149. Richards, F. P. and R. M. Ibara.1978. The preferred temperature of the brown bullhead, Ictalurus nebulosus, with reference to its orientation to the discharge .I canal of a nuclear power plant. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107(2):288-294. Robbins, T. W. and D. Mathur.1974. Preoperational report on the ecology of Conowingo Pond for Units No. 2 and 3. Ichthyological Associates, Inc. (March 1974). .l Roberts, J. L. 1964. itetabolic responses of freshwater sunfish to seasonal .E photoperiods and temperatures. Helog.Wiss. Meeresuntersuch 9:459-473. Robins, C. R., R. M. Bailey, C. E. Bond, 3. R. Brooker, E. A. Lachner, R. N. Lea, I and W. B. Scott. 1980. A list of common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada (Fourth edition). Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. No.12:1-174. Rombough, P. 3. and E. T. Garside 1977. Hypoxial death inferred from thermally induced injuries at upper lethal temperatures, in the banded killifish, Fundulus diaphanus (Lesueur). Can. 3. Zool. 55:1705-1719. Sawyer, ' T.1974. Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) p. 81-142. In Pollution Ecology of Fr water Invertebrates. Academic Press. 389 pp. Scott, D. P.1964. Thermal resistance of pike (Esox lucius L.), muskellunge (E. masquinongy Mitchill), and their F hybrid. Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada i 21:1043-1049. Sherberger, F. F., E. F. Benfield, K. L. Dickson, and 3. Cairns, Jr. 1977. Effects of thermal shocks on drif ting aquatic insects: a laboratory simulation. 3. Fish Res. Board Can. 34:529-536. Smith, L. L. 3r. and W. M. Koenst.1975. Temperature effects on eggs and fry of percoid fishes. EPA-660/3-75-017. Corvallis, Oregon. 91 pp. Smith, R. E. 3r. (In Prep.) Taxonomic descriptions and selected thermal character-istics of larval silver redhorse (Moxostoma anisurum (Rafinesque)) arid larval ~I golden redhorse (Moxostoma erythrurum (Rafinesque)). M.S. Thesis. Frostburg State College. Frostburg, Maryland. Stauffer, J. R. 3r., K. L. Dickson, 3. Cairns, Jr., and D. S. Cherry.1976. The potential and realized influences of temperature on the distribution of fishes in the New River, Glen Lyn, Virginia. Wildlife Monographs No. 50:1-40. Sullivan, C. H. ano K. C. Fisher.1953. Seasonal fluctuations in the selected temperature of speckled trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill). Jour. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 10:187-195.

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APPENDIX DUQUESNE LIGHT COMPANY 1981 ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT I Talmage, S. S., and C. C. Coutant.1978. Thermal eff ects. Jour. Water Poll. Conf. Fed. 50(6):1515-1552. Talmage, S. S., and C. C. Coutant.1979. Thermal effects. Jour. Water Poll. Conf. Fed. 51(6):1517-1554. Talmage, S. S., and C. C. Coutant.1980. Thermal effects. Jour. Water Poll. Conf. Fed. 52(6):1575-1616. Tschortner, U.1956. Untersuchungen uber den Einfluss einiger Milieufaktoren auf die Entwicklung des Hechtes (Esox lucius L.). Arch, f. Hydrobiol., Suppl. 24(1):123-152. Ulvestad D. A. and 3. H. Zar. 1977. Preferred temperature of the common shiner, Notropis cornutus,in relation to age, size, season, and nutritional state. O:do 3. Sci. 77(4):170-173. Wells, L.1968. Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 67:1-15. Whitford, W. G.1970. The effect of water quality and environmental factors on freshwater fish. NTIS PB-197676; Water Res. Abst. No.W71-04677(1971). W renn, W. B. and T. D. Forsythe. 1978. Effects of temperature on production and yield of juvenile walleyes in experimental ecosystems. Amer. Fish. Soc. Spec. Publ. No. 11:66-73. I I I 'I lI l l l l I e I ,}}

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