ML20040H263

Radiological Survey Plan for Portions of Unc Facility Wood River Junction,Ri

ML20040H263
Person / Time
Site:	Wood River Junction
Issue date:	09/22/1981
From:	OAK RIDGE ASSOCIATED UNIVERSITIES
To:
Shared Package
ML20040H260	List: ML20040H259 ML20040H263
References
20131, PROC-810922, NUDOCS 8202180021
Download: ML20040H263 (23)

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{{#Wiki_filter:(T ] ~ o RADIOLOGICAL SURVEY PLAN for portions of the UNITED NUCLEAR CORPORATION FACILITY Wood River Junction. Rhode Island I. SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY United Nuclear Corporation's (UNC) uranium scrap recovery facility is located on a 446 hectare site. near Wood River Junction in southwestern Rhode Island, approximately 50 kilometers south southwest of Providence (see Figures 1 & 2). The site is in a sparsely populated rural area of Washington County bounded on -the east by Highway 112. on the west by Kings Factory Road, on the north by a section of the New York. Hartford, and New Haven Railroad, and on the south by the Indian Cedar Swamp Management Area. The Pawcatuck River crosses the northwest corner of the site. Numerous dirt roads and trails, most ot which are unimproved. traverse the site. The Narragansett Trail passes through the property and serves as a portion of the southeast site boundry. The actual recovery facility occupies about 2.3 hectares, enclosed by a security fence, in the central western portion of ahe property. Except for about 20 hectares. cleared for cultivation and leased to a local farmer, and 7.2 hectares of partially cleared power line right-of-way, the property-outside of the secured area is wooded or overgrown with brush and has remained essentially undisturbed since its purchase by UNC in 1963. The terrain is generally level on the western half of the property with some small hills on the eastern half. There are also several swamps and a lake on the eastern portion (see Figure 3). From 1964 to 1980 the United Nuclear Corporation processed various types of uranium scrap material at this facility. This scrap was primarily unirradiated uranium; however, some fuel from zero power reactors was also processed. U-235 enrichments in the scrap ranged from a few percent to greater than 90%. Approximately 1000 kg of uranium was recovered annually for reuse as nuclear reactor fuel. The facility terminated operations in 1980 and is presently undergoing decontaminatien for purposes of decommissioning. l With a few exceptions all activities involving the scrap recovery operation were restricted to the m=all secured area. Two small areas were used temporarily for on-site disposal of low-level radioactive waste; however. these wastes have since been removed. Other areas outside the secured portion, which may contain contaminated residues include the storm drainage (' Prepared by the Manpower Education, Research, and Training Division of Oak Ridge l Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, under interagency agreement DOE l No. 40-770-80, NRC Fin. No. A-9093-0, between the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the U. S. Department of Energy. E202180021 810930 PDR ADOCK 0700062'O 1 C PDR 1 September 22. 1981

[ culvert to the Pawcatuck River, a septic tank dr ain field south of the recovery facility. and the ground near the liquid waste lagoons. II. PURPOSE The purpose of the survey is to measure levels of external radiation and concentrations of radionuclides on those portions of the United Nuclear Corporation property outside the restricted area. The findings will be provided to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for determining if the property may be released for unrestricted use. III. RESPONSIBILITY Work described in this survey plan will be performed under the supervision of Mr. J.D. Berger. Certified Health Physicist with the Radiological Site Assessment Program of the Manpower Education. Research and Training Division of Oak Ridge Associated Universities. IV. PROCEDURES A. Site Preparation The 15.25 m (50 ft) grid pattern. establiched as part of the licensee's survey and cleanup activities, will be extended to a distance of 61 m around the perimeter of the restricted area. A 5 m grid will be established in those areas identified as previous on-site vaste disposal locations to assure a more thorough coverage of those areas having high potential for residual contamination. B. Surface Measurements 1. A walkover surface scan of gridded areas will be performed using gamma scintillation ratemeters to identify locations of elevated radiation levels. 2. Gamma exposure levels at the surface and at 1 meter above the surface will be measured at the intersections of all grid lines. 3. Beta-gamma radiation levels at 1 em above the surface will be measured at the intersections of all grid lines. 4. Walkover surveys of perimeter and on-site roads, trails, and access right-of-ways will be performed. covering approximately 3 meters of UNC property either side of these roads and trails. Elevated readings will NOTE: Figures 4 and 5 indicate locations of proposed on-site sampling and measurement points. 2 September 22. 1981

be noted and radiation levels recorded at the surface and 1 meter above the surface at approximately 300 meter intervals. The nature of the primary radionuclides of concern, i.e. U-238 and U-235. preclude the application of scanning by vehicle, due to the poor sensitivity of such scanning detectors for these radionuclides. 5. Radiation levels at the surface and 1 meter above the surface vill be measured at additional locations to provide a thorough systematic coverage pattern of property. Such locations will be more widely separated as distance from the restricted area increases. C. Surface Sampling 1. Soil Approximately 1 kg of surface (0-5 cm) soil will be obtained: a. at every other grid line intersection on the 15.25 m grid - i.e. at 30.5 m intervals - around the secured area perimeter; b. at all grid line intersections in areas identified as previously used for waste disposal; c. at locations of elevated surface levels; and d. at the locations of measurements as described in IV. B. 4 and 5. 2. Sediment Sediment (approximately 1 kg) will be collected from the Pawcatuck River at the outfall of the storm drainage culvert and at 2-3 points upstream and downstream cf the outfall. 3. Water Approximately 4 liters of water will be collected from: a. the Pawcatuck River, at 2-3 points upstream and downstream of the storm drain outfall; b. the lake, swamps, and other standing water which may be available on the site at the time of the survey; and c. the storm drain outf all. if availa! ' e at the time of the survey. 3 September 22, 1981

r 4. Vegetation Approximately 1 kg of ground vegetation will be ' collected at 20-25 locations throughout the site. D. Subsurface Measurements 1. Ground penetrating radar will be used to identify any subsurface objects in areas identified as previous waste disposal sites and at additional locations that. based on other survey findings or information. may be suspect of containing buried objects involved with UNG operations. A technical discussion of ground penetrating radar, prepared by Geo Centers. Inc. is attached for information. 2. Boreholes will be drilled to a depth of 5-7 meters - ground water depth _in those areas where ground radar is performed and in the area of the septic tank drain field and near the waster lagoons. (The latter will be delayed until decontamination efforts in the restricted plant area are completed.) 3. Gross gamma scintillation measurements will be performed at 30 en intervals from the surface to ground water depth in these holes. 4. Subsurface soil samples will be collected from boreholes, or by coring. 5. Samples of ground water will be obtained. E. Baseline Samples Samples of soil, water, sediment. and vegetation from upwind and downwind off-site locations in Washington County will be obtained for baseline purposes. F. Analysis of Samples SAMPLE RADIONUCLIDE Soil Gamma spectroscopy. U-238. U-235. Th-232 Ra-226. Pu-239. Water Gamma spectroscopy. U-238. U-235. Th-232. Ra-226. Pu-23 9. Vegetation Gamma spectroscopy U-238. U-235. Th-232. Ra-226. *

• And other radionuclides as may be appropriate, based on findings of these analyses.

4 September 22. 1981 j

r V. SCHEDULE The following.is the estimated schedule'for various facets of this survey plan. Subsurf ace sampling in certain areas will be performed only af ter decontamination operations by the licensee have been completed. 1981 1982 AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE -JULY AUU { } ( Sur face Gro'ind Sampi i.ng and Rad,tr Measucements 4 { Subs'2rface Samp Le Sam 31ing Anal:rsis ( ) Draft Report 4, NRC Review 1 1Lepo t 5 September 22. 1981

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s. The probing d:p.th io datormined by the proptgntion properties of the soil, principally the conductivity, the dielectric constant and the radar frequency; the attenuation is usually given in terms of db/ meter: An (12.863 X 10-8) f /c (/p2 + 1 - 1) b (db/m) 1 10 ' where: p = loss tangent = 2nf oc f with: f = frequency in Hz o = dielectric constant of free space c (8.85 X 10-12 farads / meter) c = relative dielectric constant o = conductivity (mhos/ meter) 1 Current GPR systems transmit approximately 100 volts and can readily detect one millivolt, giving 100 db of usable signal. Note that the attenuation increases with increasing frequency, dielectric constant and/or cond"etivity. Therefore, the attenua-tion is sensitive to the quantity of water and c5nductivity of water in the pores and cracks of the rock. Table 1 shows experimental attenuation data as a function of frequency and soil moisture content. Because of the strong dependence of attenuation on moisture content, ground penetrating radar results have been used to estimate the moisture content and conductivity of earth materials. Table 2 gives approximate electromagnetic parameters for typical earth materials; and Table 3 gives derived electromag-netic properties for similar materials. Figure 2 graphically shows penetration depth rs a function of frequency, dielectric constant, and attenuat on for a spectrum of common geologies. The total electronics package, including a portable power generator, occupies but a few cubic feet and can readily be GEO-CENTERS, INC. s

TABLE 1. ATTENUATION PROPERTIES OF A REPRESENTATIVE SOIL AS A FUNCTION OF FREQUENCY AND SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT i San Antonio Soil San Antonio Soil San Antonio Soil Density: 1.6 gm/cc Density: 1.6 gm/cc Density: 1.6 gm/cc Moisture: 2.5% Moisture: 10% Moisture: 20% f alpha f alpha f alpha (Milz) (dD/cm) (MIIz) (dD/cm) (MHz) (dB/cm) 10 0.0175 10 0.0600 10 0.2400 30 0.0228 30 0.1376 30 0.2600 60 0.0354 60 0.1966 60 0.2893 120 0.0470 120 0.2584 120 0.3568 g mO 240 0.1377 240-0.3400 240 0.4705 o 480 0.1469 480 0.4723 480 0.6249 ] 960 0.2312 960 0.7018 960 0.8264 .M 1927 1.3669 b.y

l t TABLE 2. APPROXIMATE VHF ELECTROMAGNETIC PARAMETERS OF TYPICAL EARTH MATERIALS Approximate Approximate Conductivity Dielectric Depth of Material o (mho/m) Constant Penetration Air 0 1 Max (km) Limestone (dry) 10-' 7 ~ Granite (dry) 10-8 5 Sand (dry) 10-7 to 10-8 4 to 6 Bedded salt 10-5 to 10-" 3 to 6 5 -8 Fresh water ice 10 to 10 4 Permafrost 10-" to 10-2 4 to .8 Sand, saturated 10-" to 10-2 30 Fresh water 10-" to 3 X 10-2 81 Silt, saturated 10-2 to 10-2 10 Rich agricultural land 10-2 15 Clay, saturated 10 1 to 1 8 to 12 V Sea water 4 81 Min (cm) GEO-CENTERS, INC. W W'Maa%TMLMv2A%nnw&RWnwMWErb

TABLE 3. TYPICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS AT 100 MHz J Material A V, ri db/m em/ns ohms- [ Air 0 30 377 Fresh water 0.18 3.33 42.+ j0.046 Sea water 326 1.50 10 + j9.33 Sandy soil, dry 0.44 16.0 202 + j2.6 Loamy soil, wet 1.93 7.07 88.8 + j2.2 Clayey soil, wet 12.5 7.63 9,3 + jl6.2 Iron 1.7 X 10' 3.2 X 10-5 2.0 + j2.0 Basalt 8.2 X 10-8 15.0 188 + j0.34 Sandstone 0.73 13.4 16 8 + j 3.0 Where n = characteristic impedt:ce of material , imu Y GEO-CENTERS, INC. e.

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fitted into a four-wheel drive for all-purpose outdoor use. The antenna, connected to the electronics through a long cable, can be drawn by hand in tight quarters, towed behind the vehicle in open areas, or lowered into a borehole. For surface measurements, the antenna is usually drawn at speeds of 2-3 mph and sweeps out a footprint about five feet wide. Realistic operating conditions usually permit surveillance of two to five acres per day. Data are recorded on magnetic tape and in a visual format for immediate inspection. An example of a typical data record is shown in Figure 3a. Because of the complexity of the data, specialized computer techniques have been developed to facili-tate data ar.alysis. For example, the results of processing the data in 3a are shown in Figure 33. In this example, a series of buried metallic drums has been detected and located in both lateral position and depth. The general background due to the natural stratigraphy has been removed; and the hyperbolic signa-tures, characteristic of reflections from cylindrical targets, have been unfolded to give the position of buried drums. While ground penetrating radar is perhaps the best single remote sensing tool for high resolution subsurface mapping, there are conditions under which the penetration at high fre-quencies is not satisfactory. Under these conditions, comple-montary techniques are needed. Geo-Centers has developed and utilized two additional techniques to its field operations: i 1. Proprietary low frequency radar, and 2. Resistivity. l Low frequency radar utilizes a unique antenna design that operates at a mid frequency of approximately 8 MHz (37.5 meter wavelength), but has a physical length of but three meters. In addition to the superior propagation properties in earth materials at low frequencies (see Figure 2), this antenna operates at high 1 1 GEO-CENTERS, INC. b

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p;ak powar, cnd ita impadnnca ccn b2 tuncd for moro officicnt energy coupling into the earth. Based upon actual field experience,this system achieves penetration depths three times greater than any other system offered. This capability is unique, and it often spells the difference between success and failure in field operations. Resistivity, as the name implies consists of a controlled current source and a series of probes for measuring the potential differences generated by the current passing through the earth. The volume of subsurface material influencing the resistivity measurer 7t is controlled by the spacing and geometry of the electrodes. While any array of four or more electrodes can be used in studying earth resistivity, a relatively few configura-tions have become accepted as standard in practice. Figure 4 shows the most common configurations used in the field. A resistivity map is effective in identifying volumes of earth that differ in electrical properties from the host geology. These changes can be brought about by variations'in density, the deposition of foreign materials, and changes in moisture contact. The direct measurement of resistivity is also valuable in pro-viding calibration data for use in the radar system. Field experience has shown that data from these two methods agree well; and in highly conducting media where the radar effectiveness is marginal, resistivity often provides the better data base. This combination of techniques has proven effective in actual field surveys at contaminated sites in Nevada, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Michigan. At most of these sites, the soil consisted of saturated' clay, the most highly attenuating medium for radar use. Nonetheless, effective penetration ranges of three to ten meters were achieved. t GEO-CENTERS, INC.

I .(a) Wenner Spread i i O sly n ~ O ^,,,,,,,,,,,,s,,,,,,,,,/,,,,,,,,,r,,,,,,,,s,,,,,,,,,, O O OW L (b) Schlu:-berger Spread Q f i v ~

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c L l T' L (c) Double-dipole Spread G-T Js s,' ,<si////// +b" <//</s.,,,,,, ebe r L Figure 4. Common Electrode Configurations for Resistivity Arrays. I GEO-CENTERS, INC.

Tha purposo of those survsys in to provida grotechnical' information to complement the measurements of radioactive con-tamination. These measurements include aerial radiological t surveys, surf ace exposure measurements, gamma ray spec roscopy, borehole counting and spectroscopy, and sample' collection and analysis. Geo-Centers possesses a cadre of scientists who have made many of these measurements in support of DOE and NRC remedial action programs. As an adjunct to the main scope of work, geo-technical measurements, Geo-Centers offers to provide field and analysis support, as might be required. 9 D e GEO-CENTERS, INC. ^ c4na ss - u. .}}