ML20035H427

Forwards Markup of Designation:D 4319 - 83, Std Test Method for Distribution Ratios by Short-Term Batch Method, Per 910626 Telcon Request for Description of Type of Samples for Obtaining Parameters Listed in Recipient

ML20035H427
Person / Time
Site:	07000371
Issue date:	06/26/1991
From:	Mueller J CONTROLS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, INC.
To:	Gutman T UNITED NUCLEAR CORP. (SUBS. OF UNC, INC.)
References
NUDOCS 9305050051
Download: ML20035H427 (8)

Text

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W km 6 Controls for Environmental Pollution,Inc.

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' 1925 Rosina e' P. O. Box 5351. Santa Fe. New Mexico 87502. Telephone 505/982-9841-j l

June 26,1991

}

j Mr. Thomas Gutman i

Criticality and Licensing

=

UNC Naval Products P.O. Box 981 Uncasville, CT 06382-0981

Dear Tom:

Pursuant to a conference call today between Dr. Patrick Callahan, Head of our Geology Division, Mr.

f Jack Parrott of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and myself, we were asked to provide you ~

j with a description of the type of samples for obtaining the parameters listed in your letter to me 1

dated June 21,1991.

- A Distribution Coefficient Method utilizing Uranium can be performed on the samples provided us, which we are proceeding with at this time, utilizing the Method Designation: D 4319 - 83, a copy of.

ll which is attached for Jack Parrott's review as per yJur request.

l We normally require undisturbed samples for the following parameters:

Dry Bulk Density

.i Total Porosity

. Effective Porosity, and

. Hydraulic Conductivity I

However, after examining the samples you sent, we realize that this is virtually unpossible because

~

of the sandy nature of the soil. As an alternate Dr. Callahan proposes using a standard Proctor Mold and then placing the material obtained from a composite representative sample of.each site in its.

loosest possible condition. We will obtain the~ soil properties for this sample; however it will be '

necessary to detennine specific gravity and moisture content (if any). We would then place the material with enough moisture to provide a fairly high density using the standard Proctor test.

procedure, thus obtaining the soil propertics' for' this sample.' - The hydraulic conductivity will be -

'obtained using the constant head permeability test.

Since, as we understand it, the samples were obtained from a rock / sand filter, we strongly' suspect l

that the in-place soil properties will fall between these two limiting values which may not differ j

greatly.

.iJ 040057 1

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9305050051 910626 LPDR ADOCK:07000371-

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i Mr. Thomas Gutman UNC Naval Products June 26,1991 Page Two Please let us know if the proposed procedure is acceptable. Should you have any questions on the above, please call either Dr. Callahan or myself.

Thank you.

i j

Very truly yours, l

CONTROIS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION, INC.

j gi James J. Mueller President Mr. Jack Parrott - U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ec:

Mr. Don Luster - UNC JJM:emr ENC:

QM 4

f j Designation: D 4319 - 83 sor!

Standard Test Method for Distribution Ratios by the Short-Term Batch Method' The usir I

S i uud 1 sue: acer me ked ;espatan D W t*se nt.mber immedaten fodemg the cessnauen mecales tre scar of b

nr2: ew a

- t e me m ws.or.. me seu er:w reus.cn A neer m carentheses ndicates the 3est orlast rea pr3ai

• dist

]

m t e:sace, maws.n ect:na. aanse sue me.e eusen or rearpraat met I

1 i.c, j

INTRODUCTION aqu

)

oths

(

As an aqueous Guid m: pates through geolog;c media. censin reactions occur that are dependent a;

"pon the chemistry of the Guid itself and upon the chemistrv and geochemistry of other Gulds and solid phases witn w hrch it comes m contact. These geochemical interactions determine the relatne

+

N[!

rates at which chemical species in the migating Huid (such as ions) trasel with respect to the i

adsanang front of water. Processes of pctennal imponance in retarding the Dow of chemical i

speces in the miganng Guid (mosement of species at selocines less than the pound-water Q!

j seloat> > mclude ion exchange. adsorption. complex formation. precipitation for coprecipitation.

for esamole Ba" and Ra" co-precipitaung as the sulfatet oxidation-reduction reactions. and

",g n 1

ree

pitate filtration. This test method applies to situations in which only sorptive processes 3pe}g radscrruon and icn exchange) are operable for the species ofinterest. however. and is restncted to 1

cranular porous meia.

one j

lt is 15 cult to dense generah:ed equauons to depict ion eschange-adsorption reactions in the sgu tech j

geclepcal ensironment. Instead. a parameter known as the distribution coeficient (Ky has been anei used to quanuf> cenain of dese sorption reanions for the purpose of modelmg (usually, but not ing i

so'.e!). applied to ionic speces). The &stnbution coedcient is used to assess the degree to u hich a y

I chemical speces wdl be remos ed frem solution as the Guid migrates through the geologic media:

{

con:

]

mat is. de distnbunon coemcient provides an indication of how rapidly an ion can more relative i

cons to de rate of pound-wa er mos ement under the geochemical conditions tested.

dete l

This test method is for the labo atory determ: nation of the d!Smbution reno (R,L which may be proc e

" sed by qualined expens for esumating the salue of the distnbution coemeient for gnen O

j undergound geochemical conduons based on a knowledge and understanding of imponant hkev sne spea5c factors. It is beyond the scope of dis test method to denne the expen qualifications Add i

recuired, or to Jusuf> the ar,.ication of !aberatory data for modeling or predinise purposes.

de'.e:

Ra$er. this test method is considered as simply a measurement technique for determinmg the charg a

ismbunon ratio or degee of panitioning between liquid and solid. under a cenain set of bacte:

1 laboratory condtions, for the species ofinterest.

site-s; 1

Jusu6 cation for the distnbution coemeient concept is generally acknowledged to be based on Th6 expedency in modeling-aserapng the etTects of attenuation reactions. In reference to panitioning studie

)

m scus. equdibnum is assumed although it is known that this may not be a valid assumption in med t

many cases. Equdibnum implies that U) a reaction can be desenbed by an equation and the free dispe energy change of the rescuen. within a speaSc system. is zero. and C) any change in the zone equihbnum con 6tions (T. P. concentration. etcJ will result in immediate reaction toward mei i

equihbnum ithe concept is based upon resersibnity of reacuens). Measured parutioning factors w ate:

may mclude adsorption. coprecipnation. and 6hration proceges that cannot be described easdy by popu r

equauons and funhermore, these solute removal mechanisms may not instantaneously respond to the p changes m presading conitions. Validity of the distnbution coemeient concept for a gisen set of as cc geochemeal condinens should not be assumed initially, but rather should be determined for each cont-i situanen.

sne-s This is a shon-term test and the anainment of equilibnum in this laboratory test is not Th

,l presumed, although this may be so for censin sy stems (for example. stnetly interlay er ion exchange of th reacuens of claysl. Consistent wnh general usage. the result of this test could be referred to as CC'eff'

'distnbution coeMeient' or as 'distnbution ratio:' in the stnctest sense. howeser. the term Co 6 i

i

'&sinbuuon rano~ is preferable in that the attainment of equilibnum is not implied.

predi i

i The distnbunon ratio (R) for a spenne chemical species may be denned as the ratio of the mass T5 l

1 for n r

' This method is uncer tne essction of ASTM Cc~mmee D-i6 en Son anc Rock and is the 1 rect responsibilny of Sebcommittee D1814 on Geotectnc '

o i

Wnagement.

D C and d I

G

..et w-a-m -1 w te m S.Wat S.am es.1 g

7:

t

$ D4319 sorbed :nto a schd phase 10 the mass remaming m sclunen. wn:ch can be expressed as:

' T.255 Of 50bic Or the so'ad pFase ?er Umt **. ass Ct 50Ld pha. sci imass of scL.::.n s&.::en xr t.n.: wLrne ;iu e cd ;tase, The usual um:s of R are mLg rectamed by diudmg g solute g sand by g solute mL solunen.

s usmg concentratio7s obtamed in accordance wnh th:s tes: me:nodt Major ci:T;cu!nes cust m the mie pretanon. apphcanon. and meanmg :(<acoratomdete=med

'(

is:nbut:cn rano sa!ues re!anse to a real system of aqueous Cu:d m:panng :hrough geoicyc meia - TypicMly. only reacnons between m:panng solutions and schd pnases are quann6ed. In general. geccnemical reacnons that can resuit from m:eracnon of:he m:panng Sd witn ancther ac;ueo s pnase of a itTenng chem:s:O hase not been adequateh considered unieracuens with ciner haulds can profoundly change the solunon chem:sto L Aditiona!j). as noted abose. the is:nbut:en coedicent er K concept imphes an equ htnum conit:on for psen reacnons. wh:ch s

n may not reahsuca!!) apply m the natura! snuanon because of the ume-dependence er kmet:cs of nd spea0 reacnons msobed Also. m:panng solu:icns a! ways fellow the mcre ;emeab:e pa:hs et ne

east res

sunce. such as;oints and franures and larger sedment gam zones Th:s tends c a!!aw

'he less nme for reacnons to occur and.ess seimen: surface exposure to tne m:panng sciunen. and cal may preclude the a:tamment oflocal chemical equihbnum. Thus. the dis:nbuncn cce:Saent er K ter concept is only directly appheable to problems msching conummant m:panen m ganular s

2n.

per:us ma enal.

.nd Sorpucn phenomena are also s:rongJ) dependent upon the thermodynamic ac:htty of the ses speces of mterest m solunon f chemical pctennait Therefere. evenments performed usmg enly

.to one 2 ann cr concentrauen et a padcu:ar chem:ca! species may not be representause of actual m snu coninoi s or of other canincns of pnmar. mterest. Similar!>. unless expenmental ine techmques cenuder all iomc speces annapated to be present in a m:pating solution. adequate ren attennon :s not irected to compenng ion and ion compleunon e:Tects, which may strongly mduence the R, for a particu!ar speces.

not ha Man) 'scrpnon' ion complexa:icn e!Tects are strong!) mDuenced. if not controlled. by dia:

coninans cf pH and Eh. Therefore, m snu coni: ions of pH and redox potential should be

.is e considered m determmanons of R,. To the euent possible. these pH and Eh condinons should be deter =med fer Geld locanons and must be apprcumated (for transmon e!ements) m the labcratcrs be procedure.

Other m snu condinens (for e ample. ioruc strength, anoxic ceninons. or tempera:ure) could sen a-t hkewise hase considerab!e etTect on the R, and need to be considered for each snuancn.

c,ns Addmona!!! nie-speanc matena!s must be used m the measuremen: of R, This is because the dete=:ned R, salues are dependent upon rock and setl prepe: tes such as the mmera!cg> esurface ses.

enar;e an: energy L paniae sue istr:bunon tsurfa e area). and bic!cpeal condinons ifor cump'.e.

tne er bactend powth and crganic mat:en Special precaut: ens may be necessan to assure tha: the sne-spea5c matenals are not signi6can:1) changed pnor to laboratory tesung.

The choice cf Duid composition for the test may be ditEcult for cenam contaminant transport on studies. In 6 eld snuations, the conummant solutton moves from the source through the porous mzy medium. As it moves. it displaces the anginal ground water, with some mixing caused by dispersion. If the contammant ofinterest has an R of any sigm6 cant magnitude. the front of the J

zene cenu. nag this contamment m!i be censidembly retarded. Th s means da de ;crous me medum enecuntered 5 the contamman has had mans pere solumes ofine cctuminant source s

. am "2:er pass enugh a The exchance s:tes acte.e a itTerent population su:us and this new tors porcianen status can control the panmenmg ina cecurs when de reurded cccuminant reaches s ps

}3 me pomt of mierest. It is recommended that gound water representause of 2: test zone be used

',: ci as contact hquid in this test; concentrations of pctennal contaminants of interest used m the contact liquid should be judicieus!> chosen. For stuies ofinteracnons wnh m:n.sion Aa:ers, de s n site specific Found water may be substnuted by Equids of other compositions.

The distnbution rano for a gisen chemical species genera!!y assumes a ditTerent salue when any net gg,'

of the abcse conditons are altered. Clearly. a sery thorough understandmg of istnbunon coetEcents and the sne-spea6c conitions that determine their values is required if cne is to o as con 6denth apph the K concept f and the measured R, values) to miganon evaluanon and

.y.,

s preicnen.

The adoption of a standard method for dete= ming istnbution ranos. R,. espeaally apphcable

(

mass for ionic species, is imporunt m dat it will provide a common basis for compansen of a.acue s 4

% C aN Ra spon. L D. "Wg-a

en of R.:them.:M r a Nesaca Test sce hier Dwano Between F c4 and t.cora:ct% Resuts? Ec%e

• m v

D O' starc 3. WC.

91 h

i l

@ D 4319 espenmental results (parucularly for near similar conditions).

,e of FEP.

The most consement method of determmmg R,is probably the b::ch methodithis test methodt m u h ch concentrauens of the chemical spenes m solid and liquic phases. which are in contact g (entr:fuge I

uim one another. are measured with time. Otter methods include the dynamic test or column

as.

Sow-$ rough method usmg U) continuous mput and (.') pulsed input, the in situ dual tracer test, gL,:bor:orv and Se ihm-:ayer chromatography (TLCs test.

g la summars. Bis istnbution ratio. R,. Is arTected by many vanables. all of which may not be

.rnuronmc.-

adeauste!> controCed or measured by the batch method determination. The application of

~ :::eter and e espenmenta!!) determined R, values for predictise purposes (assuming a functional relationship

. apparatus. at such as R, = K ) must be done judiciously by quahfied expens with a knowledge and

.. p:;/t::c:/ 3 y

understandmg of the imponant site-speanc factors. Howeser, when properly combined with

.].4ppropr::e j

incwiedge of de behavior of chemical speces under sar>1ng physicochemical conditions of the

,,ces w n htn t ge: media and the m:patmg Suid. distnbution coe:Tiaents (ratiosi can be used for assessing the rate i

cf m:ganon cf chemical spec:es through a saturated geomedium.

~. An;!s::c:/ T :

I of de conc '

wcnst and o

1. Scope 3.2 distr:bution r:no. R,-the ratio of the eence t detenn2nedI l.1 This test me$od cosers be detennination of distnbu, of the species sorbed on the sotl or other geomedia.1, gec m e 6 a sa,

tion rancs of chemical speces for site-speaSc geolopcal by its concentranon in solution under steady-state _

meia by a batch sorpuen technique. It is a shon-term nons. as foHow's:

inepling i

laboratcrs method pnman!) miended for ionic speces t rnais of solute en the solid phase d The sample 1 3

subject to migaton m ganular porous matenal, and de per unit mass of solid phase)

Med to be re

)

apphcauen of the results to long-term Reld behavior is not A" "

1 known. D:stnbunen rates for radionuclides in seleced

(= ass of solute in solution per unit stained by solume of the hquid phase) cre and base l l

-ceameda are ccmmenh determined for the purpose of 1

assessing potental migatory e. havior at waste repositones.

by steady state conditions it is meant that the R,i

' The sa~"*le i 4

c his test meiad is also apphcable to stu6es of intrusion obtamed for three difTerent samples exposed to the

,ance u n h P.

i i

liquid for periods ranging from 3 to at least 14 davs.

'4 geolocsca) waters and.cr parameinc stuies of de e,n ts of vanau.es a

mc w

j and of meenamsms which determme the measured istn u-conditions remaining constant. shall differ by not ino-al used for w

i non ranos.

the expected precision for this test method.

g panicle-siz.

1._,

i he sa.,nes suted m acceptatie meine umts are to be The dimensions of the expression for R, reduce ter

-d matenal-i i

eprdem., as t.s.e stan aard.

length per mass (L /M). It is consenient to express & 4 Sampling of 3

f 1.3 This s::n::'d mar mrche h ::rdous m::en:.,s. crcr.

umts of millilitres f or cubic centimetres) of solution pe-for use as the i !

i

wns..:nd e:u:; ment. i b:s s::nd:rd uoes not purport :o of geomedia.

..plished in at s

3 3 s"accles-a distinct chemical entity (such as an 1:e

• g dertces th y

.:rcis au e

• n:c :: e:, pw. cms assoc:::ea a::n as usc. a,t is w hich the consntuent atoms are in speci5ed oxidatice -

'ccnditions c i

he resicns:h

• y a hcescr uses :h:s s::mardto cons:.it au a

s me:uge th ;

es::bluh :pprcir:::e s:'en :nd he:l:h pr:cnces and de cr-

~e lifts (pro.,1. I m:ne :ne :ppi::::: :t g repu::: rv l:mn:nor.s pnor :o use

4. Significance and Use by sinppmg l I

4.1 The distnbution ratio. R,. is an experimenta!!). 4:nple) or sub l

2. Referenced Documents mined parameter representmg the distnbution of a ch.

aons should 45.M S::nd; is speces between a gisen fluid and a geomedium enditions of t

,I j

s j

3 under cenam conditions. including the attainme:it

- against oxic l Dg(I' Pran:ce fer w,er Preparanon of Soil Samples ter Me$od ct Panicle-Sice Analysis et Sot!s D..

steady state. Based on a knowledge and understandi$

penods. a l imponant site-specific factors. R, values may be S l

P. ige-Sae Ana!> sis and Determmation of Sotl Cen-quahfied experts for estimating the salue of th'e dism-h,$'e#

l 5

15 l

D _,7"8 Pran:ce for Desenption and Identmcanon of Sot!s coetTicient Ks. for a given set of underground geoch He the most + -

5

)

6 :sual-Manual Procedure) conditions. The K, concept is used in mass t.

proxr sarnpl:

i Dos, O Pracuces tor Sampling w.ater.

modeling. for example, to assess the degree to w hich an 1 tat the mtical species wtll be remosed from solunon as the 5#

'"*'"Ph5h'd 8 migrates through the geosphere. For applications oW8' TQ,**

3. Description of Terms Specific to This Standard transport modeling. batch R, measurements also #

the 6p,N j

3.1 d:stnbunca coc5c:ent. K,-is identically denned as used. for example, for parametric studies of the etI-and.3:er s377 j

R, for equihbnum condinons and for ion exchange-ad.

variables and of mechanisms related to the interac>

monee m :

}

sorpuon reactions only. To apply R, salues to Seid situa.

Ruids w3th geomedia.

I tions. an assumpuen such that R, = K, is necessary. The hedure I

salidity of such an assumption can only be determined by

5. Apparatus 3 This test "me 1

mformed expens making a judgment ialbeit uncertain) based on a detailed studv of the specific site.

5.1 Laboratory H.are (plastic bottles. centnfuge core rnatenal open dishes. pipets graduates). cleaned in a mannef a matenal sa tent with the analyses to be performed and the fd. N fnethod. hi prectsion. Where plateout may have significant eiTect[

ble core mt 2

mmended g e w su v<stvsia,aacs v i c4 ca.

o measurement. cenain porous plastics should be avoid

• maise vas7v scaeas s at a tot a

h D 4319

. j of FEP TFE-flucrocarbon contamers.s recom-metnod although it should be noted that the etTect of k

ged.

u:trasonics on the microstn:cture of geo!et: cal matenat m3s

(<ctr

sere capab,e of attammg 1200 g. ct Sitenng lead to h:gner sorpnon sa!ues in cenam cases). If a sumi et t

~

n gius.

c:ently large-sized sample is asailabic. separate 200-g por-

.t.

g L.:M::ory Sn,aAct, Rotator. ultrasome c!eaner t op-nons through a nonbias nme spimer. Crush competent A

sedimentarv rock matenals to a desced pamde e'a

~

or a Em Temental 3/on: tor:cg Ic3:r:.mects a pH meter.

eaunalert soil tenure annapa:ec to result from natural h

g eter and electrodes for Eh determmation conduc.

de:anenng processes itnis is because sur# ace area is con-6 ^6. g,.fst p4 apparatus, and thennometer.

trolled by sample parte!e sizet f

eaa:ical B.:!:nce

, on.,- A tgni5: ant scur:: of e=r may be m:rodr a h

. Appro;r: te Eq:..pment. necessar to mamtam m snu sa g ep urg et sampie m,3,1:n :est m 1331, 3sagg7,gt ; j%

e gnons w1bm the laboratorv masa a prefer ed Cow patn ie::ter bon:en:21 or semest 6 15 Ana.7 nca! Insmement;non. appropnate for determi-awepnon can destroy me efree: or prefe ed 30 pa s causea 3 e

33 of the concentranon of major consutuents icanons hat:res or pemaps mm sand s: mgers, anc w isagggepnen mm :end gaons) and of the speces of mterest Ifor wh:cn R, is a mere 2se ce asadade surface 2:ea cf me gemeg e na:enst it is rer con ~-,Ja:a ;4 :etermmed) in the contact solunons !and. cat:onalh..

u{sawegan:n :s reccemended for this :estf apphca:icn. howeyer e ?u We actneur:s uniformi:)

r me oc h cou;d 9 nedia. Q ;;c g_,,.a sa._apies.

t 7ega,eg D ?CTEU5 a?

Mi h'

d 3-state :q e isagg*ep:Eg CPeranCn5 fra) IOr mese reasCn3 tend :o matm'Je jq me sanes of tne dismbuncn wei'ic:en s t anos) cc:aaned from mis test memoc

, kn some cases. it mas be desirable to remose otrame se The samples of soil rock. cr sediment shd! be el

.dered to be represenuine of the stratum from wh:ch it

-,.-,, r g.,s,,,- Mod soecimen) for compara-

,.t a,w.,

.x.

bs. a a. a *.~w.. a ' ^.'. ~- - ~d.

c. '

d ' "

~

n v.

ine purposes. !! this is so indicated. remose the orcame

~

nntare and based on expert judgment.

matenal from the compesne sample mistures for se ected

,e ;

3e 3

The samp!e shall be caretuild icemted as to onpn m o the ce::a cdance with Pracuce D 2488.

samp!es 5 treatment with concentrated hsdrogen perotide g39 c H:0:). usmg the procedure gnen in -Shil Chemical 4 dg n y) A geolog.: cal descnption sha!! be gnen or, de core Anah s:s.- 5 In such a case. make duplicate runs using et mores =-al used for the distnbution rano measurement. m-l samples both with and without pretreatment to remose Mr.g pamc!e-size analysis ( Alethod D 4:2) for uncon-guee g 3 tatted matenal. depth of sample. and bonng locanon-orcanics. It should be notd howeser, that treatment with 4 Sampling of representatise tround water in de test concentrated hydrogen peroxide could cause other changes

en perps n a as me comact bouid m this test method sh;t!! be m the geomedium. for example dissolution of hydrous metal oxides that mas be imponant adsorbents.

t: pusned in accordance with Pracuces D 33 0. usmg u a.'t M t;&f dNees teat wn! not enange the quahtv_c3_ennten-7.3 L'smg standard analpical procedures. charactenze the 3 m :'2! conditions of the waters to be tested. Recommended M& sle,ctm,en (without pretreatment and. if so done.

k W.ods melude the use of Kemmerer samplers or inen gas with the pretreatment to eliminate organics) as considered mue hfts (prosided this does not alter the g ound-water appropnate. The anahses mav include percent chemical-C;ie by stnppmg out carbon dioude and raising tne pH-composition of anhsdr'ous oxid'es (for example. SiO:. FeO. k NinO. CaO. Na,0 'etca. hydrous oxides (for example. Fe )

tra!!y *s keu:npies or submersible diaphragm-type pumps. Proper Nin, and Al hyd'rous oxides). and minerals that are present.

'a che:::n Peacot.s should be taken to preserse the integnt> of in

~

2 am sa::si t ecndnions of the sampled water, and in parucular to and carbonate content, surface area (m /g), and cation and me::t O 8'*t agamst oxidation-reduction. exposure to light for amon exchange capacits f at specified pHs). Similarly, char-2eg :4 A"ided penods and temperature sananon.

actenze the contact liq'uid obtained from the test zone as _

appropnate for interpreung the results. Chemical analysis of U[*S VI t-h is rec:gmzed eat sampung is hkely to be a ma;or the liquid should include macro constituents (for example.

hem W:enais ior franuresi that the cemammams pass eroep are Na1 Ca" K* S!g". Cl HCO(/COr. SiO:. eted and

%c be me mes: edeult pan of the geeles:: se non :o sam; e in redos.actise and hydrolyzable species such as Fe and hin,

? 0C 5 inr#

3ch am81 p* mat the enuca! matenals can be sampied. This determnauen is

. prext samphna entans determmes tne pam cf g ;nd-wster ions. Likewise. determine the pH and Eh of the contact ',

.:e schad acecmphshed in suf5c:ent detad m normal geoleg:e si:e espi -

liquid. as well is the concentrandh lif present) of the,)

. the; $d -

?rograms, and, if it ts anempted in some cases, the esptorauon Mical species of nterest. Specific instructions for the Eh E # g % may become anacceptably expensne. Spenne gwdehnes are a

3 "eterminaton are not pan of this test method. howeser, use

% the scope of this test method. howeser. :t is recomrnended that of a re!erenced technique is advised (such as a platinum e tff

% and wa:er samphes procedures be carefuuy considered by the tracc08

%el mohed n the site eummanon.

sersus standard calomel electrode measurement). If the species ofinterest may exist in the contact liquid m a sanety of valence or chemical states (for example, with studies of Procedure acunidest a method of determining speciation should be El This test method can be applied directly to consoli_

uge M M core matenal samples or to disaggregated pon: ens of Pass each of the sotl and rock (core sediments) 4 ner g %teete matenal samples. For the applications intended for fracnons again through a nonbias nflie splitter and place e rsij glest method. howeser. disaggregation of the samples is Tect]gg omm nded procedure. Disaggregate the sampled sail voidd..[Ir:able core matenals (this may be done by ultrasonic

,;23,on, si, sa cwaf mnm. p.entee Ha;L Etsiewooo cus. V im A

593 J

h l

~

% w. Yo.~'--

.i /~

C I

4 M~

@r D 4319 four 5-to 25-g ponions trecord we:c.ht to nearest 0.Lgm. s1

' S Run each set of samples at least in trph c'Yffifuge tunes 7r acttjes.

e

\\cm :-t Yess s :s ceaded mat ee sampies en be c!*ed m e s -j demonstrate that steady state is anamed m this sn test Sur the contents of each contact tube t

53 emos; re :e ee men a2r. n rd a masure mes.:'for ::=pamme pameses. a me:sn.re nr.:ent detemnauen should de done w:e all of the sodjrock soluuon matures on aM k-5:me sacs neser an m na:ve. and q.aranensues shaier/ rotator for a meum ^f ^ h Mr -s-n %

scrame sam.e) oi the contact ed. The contact penods shall w 'p m 23

• grea m r e e:. r r e 1s.s ement:3 m.e er :qna..

n 85r** '

sm: mum of 3 in s, and the longest shall extend ancuc sea.mercs ' me umpes re not ic x aJeaed :: :n teare f

tesnt eno+ P ance D ::J Prrce ;re B n for mamuunes a moisture or longer. The contact penods sha!! ditTer by at : cas comer.t ecua: m rea:er man 2e nam ai mo:swre rectent In El allow all mixtures to stand and sett!e. If th w:ve oc cases. ee ;oman acmd used m m:s :est a me samsed pc.md wa er re from ee sae test :ene.

/

^ 5 if a raiotracer or spiked staHe tracer dete m:nanen with exposure time for these three or more conian p%

,,,m.

e.

voca m gester than the precision expected for this expenme-.4

) samses :unh esam so!unen icenactof de d sinb: ncn raua :s desired. prereat de ccmpesne the determinanon should be repeated for longer un

" 7$$ *.

en p **r hamd) used m de z

) determmanen but w:thout de tracer present. This sciunon suen a consistency is obtamed. Th:s is taken to y wdl be e: der 'ne s:te-spec:Sc ground water or a selected md: cation that steady state has been established.1::

e. sa m. u mtn:sion water. Wash de composite sod and rock samples where the steady-state situation is not achieved. de four times u,2 ee pretreatmem solunen. For ce Erst cree sion of R, va. lues to the prediction of migratory be' %,,, e. y washes. sur 2 m:xtures ef so:1 and rock and pretreatment becornes of dubious value and requires c! car reference

- ra sche re

. snt of %

= =* of 8m solution ses erd emes os er a 15-mm penod. a!!cw to sett!e.

mexactness of the application.

centnfuge at 1000 g or more for 5 m.a. and decant cT the

~.9 Measure and report the pH and Eh of all mim wash. Apply the founh wash for at least 2a h with occas:onal many msesuganons. pH and Eh will not sary grat!y stirnng and agam separate de wash from the composne might not be necessary to measure them on all sampien sample by cemnfuganon and decantation as before.

'.10 Centnfuge each mir.ture for 20 min at a mr

. om em.e semng of 1400 R

' co :t N

~ 6 It may be adusable to pre-equihbrate the treatment Controlled temperature centnfugano:

solution < comact bau:dl with de geomedia pnor to de stan be advised, partcularly in the case of expenments n;c of th:s test method. Procee as m ~ 5 using the founh wash ambient temperature. Carefully separate the phases. F2 supernatant. the concentration of the species cfinte-:

after centnfuganen and decanut:en as dej;gment gg-be directly determmed using de appropnate standan:

en Unless othemse noted. add 20 to 100 mL e 35$1d be equ:u :o four nmes the we:ght value

!>iical method.

33, g in g of the

rime s,.

7.11 If filtering is necessary or if desired for cot;i cmnec:a) to eacn WO to :-50 mL centnfuge tube or bottle..

W and Gorougn1) mn de comems by surnng act:on. Pnor to q pm pore sizet or the equivalent; pur

= imerest at a incan concentra :en prepared by the addinoncontact. de treatment solu

. Pretreat the fdier is. - so e sa

,e e, 4 followed by 50 mL of distilled water. by gauty fa pe'est sample. tThe spec:es of interest may be at trace concentra-of chem:cally pure

[ suenon to near dr3 ness. Check the possibility of sor;ur

s a radicacuse er stable tracer added to de tracers onto the fdter by a standard " double fdter":e:r non :f ::

treatment solunen. de elemental concentration as well as using de onginal contact solution.

w re the isotopic concemranon must be known.) If tracers are 7.12 Filter the supernate from each soil < rock-sf e

sa - -

used. Srst equddrate de tracer with the ground-water f or mature by pavity flow or sucnon to near dryness. :

intr.:sion-water) samde by allowing to stand osermght and mme the concentration and speciation (chemical stat:

g"#*

Men 6her using a 50A5 um pcre site membrane ft!ter.

is sanable, of the species ofimerest in this solunca b Fo!!owing this step. analyze the conuct solunon and add to appropnate standard analytical method. Make a ee scal and rock ccmpesite samples as indicated abcse.

dete=ination usmg the equivalent procedure oudtel Measure de pH of ;ne soil / rock-solution system; if the pH C6 through 7.12. except do not add be soilirock sC has changed or If other than the natural pH is destred. adjust with treatment solution only. The use of tracers it' ey addmen of X NaOH solunon or hcl. or by an appro-panicular attention to corrections for blanks and ;ot?

8 pnate bu:Ter. The in situ Eh should be maintained if plateout of the tracer on container wa!!s. fdters, andI necessars, under an men atmosphere.

surfaces as well as other losses. For example, it shd j.,'-

ascenamed that loss of tracer to the blank vial wuDs Non 4-Expenmenu hase snown 2at R, wdl saa depen 6ng on same as for the walls of the sample vial. etc.

ca n -

e sebuon-w-ge:me1um aue sed m the test. If omer raues a e mecated twhch wewd ma e :lesen arpreumate the normal feld

'.13 If necessary or if desired for comparatise pur?3 situaucnt duphcate F.ms should be made. however the rato presen5ed for a mass-balance determination, determine the cen#

M,N-here should also de r_c as ce re:erence case secau,se R, sanes unh tne tion of the species ofinterest for each fihered solid resU E.M sowuen mecum m.c.

a suent.h e::= mended that tbs measure.

this case, note the necessity of removing de residual ss i

mem metode deter neauen of the isetbenn r3 makes sesera! runs with NTerem raues of solunce-to.geomecum 2an spee:rted abose.

from the solid phase. or correcting for it. panicu+.4 4

4 Non.'se=e anaweal technmues may ream e ta ger sowmes of solids with low R, values. If this determination is W I or by sca: esp uses :a ser eenmfuge tubes.sampie Smd Ine eased s o!ume can de obtamed by compostu correction is required for the amount (if any) of the sPe-interest to be found naturally present in the soil / rock sa 7.7 Determine the speedic conductance of each solution Pronded a satisfactory analysis is accomplished f5,

~

and repen in umts of micrombos per centimetre at 20*C.

species concentration in the soil / rock residue, calculate '

dindine thie vake 4 *~

h D 4319 i Inplihg

• 4ARE 1 Esampm Calcustson Sheet his shon h t#" a:c :p e :v concentration m the contact solution fg solute per mL sobtionL assummg the fther did not remose tracer from the n gently s lution An ahernatise method is to compute R,, as shown

,'~

a la

'3 F, W 3-day porg%,,

on the Example Calculation Sheet (Tabie 1).

, gegy. ate t g.

she.!! be for '. ecc# S' '

• er a Soumn **c" 'c"*:5 "e c a corce tramn.n

8. Precision and Bias v

md to 14 p wic" *ssu rg " acw*v c:'ec*"5 :'

• M' " *"e me sa o 3.1 In following this method with usual care in analytcal it M a km pe e r er reaev rate *as anare.c : rtact f me souton we determmations. It is estimated that an oserall precision or me se., roca errats.trar s me one e ege s oncear;eci va w g ontact g

,,,s iss,mer, c, s.etre ey 3, cog e :occerrawn ce w on eer reproducibilitv of 10 to 25 #~e should be obtamed. In many ariation of; he sover n : ore

'ecs cr k ncres stu cy ra m ~ e ce cases. this may be limited at 1ery h)gh or ser) low R, salues u

mct p% '

• • " ' 8C'**

Y '

3"'" # ' ' 5*~' ##5 ' ov. en o o re u sen. ton aas a>c."ee

om c ecwe

,tn me see ~acca by the dimculty m measunng either sery small residual t

Xn_ett,15

, ever o actxty sor,ec onto e mreas or scic escue,cerectng *or concentrations or ser) small changes in a higher concentra-r ger times g te -r rai :ortent of re socc.es e errest nas present:

tion. In such cases, constanc) of Rs to within an order of or.

aeg ken to be

~*58" " *"8'=acey: e c.c:s magnitude may be acceptable for cenam applications. It shed.In

%

• t should be noted, howeser that sampling dimculties and ed, the e:n eve :f soste werree ** c t a c inability to properly measure or control the relesant m snu itory behru N*S ' "' ' "* '"#"e ;

a sf detenninmg the Rs of interest can inject a

..c, erence tc h,ase :< s es:caese s:+ces of me est re',

e accac et es cf re a

, f= 33c.,3 ca,,7, :y,,,,e y, :3r:eac e, ce, 3 ;;,," *Y substantial uncenam, ty mto the application of the obtamed y g,

, M.

salues m mass transpon or solute modeling-predictise exer-c:ses.

y Steatly.D4 J,%

11 sampM

~. c,,4vtv :' re -re'a. cr scue es. cue -C arc da i;w

,. s re. :t e s ste mt' rec *e A.

-C, r

afuplico i

ents run ihases. IT ofinteres TABLE 2 Example Report Sheet standard sesas ';r o streven :r e eter-aat:e :' Sa e %.rw rr c c See-Scec.f c Gro#c Aater Orerent asus Aater 3rcCC er tratE5 ntsal pH ntia;En metnoc of cetermeeg En

• e oerature

• C spectic :oncac!ance rac: :re

,.mnos,cm soid-to we ato gfmL (0.003. to

_ c :,,;;.,;y,c, a eaun.tratrg a: es:rere air otaer ispeevy) comact sotton 't!trec a*er coatnt.r,aton'

,_c,,,,

e flher d5 yes

,o :ae ia e: :Pr *egrt v scac g

ou-e of coranc* ic e __,m y,e, yut,,, :,,yno,,,,;,neg

,[ [,Q,T 3r r:e est rnt species of eterest

-ecoc of ara'ymg +o, Jasily N8 Cf sorP5 iter" tec se se:arate sneet.f necessa y1 acctcr sa cung eroccogy s*,c :o e re ai :escret:oe. ara:ys.s of core "a:ertars anc of sde-specAc grourc *ater or ot*,er con:act hcu itCCk-

'YDess.

aiTaCH SMEET

,g( sors ;ce; et m. rest

• tai Conc r Scre yruts) et.a> Conc c Soston 'ut.its!

F, F., D,

!mL g)

>luuen br Ide a

OutY 1/ rock acers !*

and ters. Y e, it sNY

%e amorcan Soc:ery 'or *es:eg a~c Vater s's tanes o poseren especttg me va) city of any ca:e rt r gnt

• e any item mentorec in ins starcar:

s asseo ec m Conrec:?on r

patent r>gnis are the risa of et~r'ge-eet of such ngn's. are entiteiy their own respons4htyUsers of tm

- {33 palb 6 hs stancar s sutvect to rewse n! s"y tre by Pe rescorske tecnecat commree asc must be reviewed overy two years a

.1"of ferse3 erther reaporoved or *VC' awn theco V

3ur C r**ents A e evrieC estner for revtson of t%s stanCare of *or soCil4nalsianCar:s

.Olid

,,,,,,a,, :,,,,,,,, ag 7y.,,,u,er, yes,

,,,,,7,,ar,,c,,, e,,rui cae,c,,ren,,, n,7,ng or tne responss ecn+Cai :0!"*ttre ***cn you sV 6 Mend tf you

• eel ?>at your Comenents have not recer e0 a

• e sidual

"* * ""*' = **

• S N=='""" *" **"=* ' * ' * **** sr, mu+:een a. Fa 19 sc3 abr rieanny you snovrd make your v

part I

^ ion is 2(the

>illrock 3tished -

cal ae)M l

$95

,_ _. _ _ ~ - - ---

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