ML20035G654
| ML20035G654 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 04/07/1993 |
| From: | Taylor J NRC OFFICE OF THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS (EDO) |
| To: | Rogers, Selin I, The Chairman NRC COMMISSION (OCM) |
| References | |
| RULE-PR-34-MISC NUDOCS 9304290011 | |
| Download: ML20035G654 (72) | |
Text
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e UNITED STATES p,
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION 5
y WASHINGTON, D. C. 20555
/c April 7,1993 j
i MEMORANDUM FOR:
The Chairman Commissioner Rogers l
Commissioner Curtiss Commissioner Remick Commissioner de Planque FROM:
James M. Taylor Executive Director for Operations
SUBJECT:
DISTRIBUTI)N
^5 WORKING DRAFT OF PROPOSED RULEMAKING % THE AGREEMENT STATES (PART 34)
In accordance with the procedures in SECY-91-121, if the staff determines it is desirable to distribute working drafts of t
proposed rules to the Agreement States, the staff will provide the Commission with a copy prior to distribution and place a copy of the document marked, " Working Draft" in the Public Document Room (PDR).
To meet the Commission's requirements for "early and substantial involvement," a working draft of the following proposed rule will.
be sent to the Agreement States and the following action is being l
requested.
1.
Title:
Conceptual Model of Radiography Standard, 10 CFR Part 34 2.
Recuested Action:
Agreement State Review and Comment 3.
Recuested Completion Date:
May 7, 1993 4.
State Acreements Procram
Contact:
Vandy L. Miller Distribution of this rule will be made three working days after the date of this letter as our present procedure-requires.
The Agreement States' comments received by the Office of State Programs will be forwarded to the Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research (RES) for consideration and inclusion into the proposed rulemaking.
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I Discussion of the Conceptual Model i
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l Discussion of the Conceptual Model Table of Contents I
The draft Table of Contents contains eight subparts. The organization is as follows:
Subpart A-General Provisions Subpart B-Specific Licensing Provisions Subpart C-Equipment Subpart D-Radiation Safety Requirements i
Subpart E-Recordkeeping Requirements Subpart F-Notification of Incidents Subpart G-Exemptions i
Subpart H-Enforcement r
i This organization follows the same general format used in 10 CFR Part 39, which addresses radiation safety requirements for well logging.
Each subpart will be discussed separately.
Subpart A-General Provisions
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This subpart covers items of a general nature, such as listing j
definitions, and OMB approvals.
It also describes the purpose and scope of the rule.
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h Section 34.1 Purpose and scope, is basically unchanged from the existing i
regulation. Other NRC regulations which apply to radiography licenses are referenced in this section.
Section 34.3 Definitions, contains the following new terms: "ALARA",
" Becquerel", " Field station", " Radiation Safety Officer",
" Sievert", and
" Temporary jobsite". These definitions were added to define terms used in i
requirements not previously addressed in Part 34. The term "ALARA", which means as low as reasonably achievable, has been added to include procedures now explicitly required in Part 20.
Previously this was only addressed in regulatory guides. The terms " Becquerel" and " Sievert" were added to reflect the Commission's policy on use of metric units in all new or revised regulations. The terms " Field station" and " Temporary jobsite" were added since the use of radioactive material frequently occurs at sites that may not be listed on the license and there has been some confusion on whether special requirements must be met at these locations.
The term " field station" is being used to designate those locations where radiography equipment is stored and from which equipment is dispatched to " temporary jobsites" where radiography is conducted. The term " Radiation Safety Officer" was added to address the duties and qualifications of this individual. While the role of the RSO has long been recognized by the NRC as a vital function in the safe use of radioactive material, the current Part 34 does not address the duties and qualifications of this individual.
The terms " Associated equipment," " Control device," " Exposure head,"
" Field examination," " Licensed material," " Periodic training," " Personal 3
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l supervision," " Projection sheath," " Shielded position," and " Source assembly,"
l while used in the existing regulation, were not previously defined. Both licensees and Agreement State representatives requested clarification of these F
terms. Discussion of changing the definition of " radiographer's assistant" occurred at the November 1992 workshop in Dallas, Texas. Some Agreement States use the term, " trainee" to refer to a " radiographer's assistant" and require training similar to that required of a radiographer. The term 1
" radiographer's assistant" has been retained but the language in this draft rule, but the training requirements are upgraded to provide additional assurance that radiographer's assistants are sufficiently knowledgeable of NRC regulations. The rule language has been written to provide the flexibility for the second person to have training beyond that of a radiographer's assistant. This position could then equally be filled by a " trainee."
i The definition of a " Permanent radiographic installation" was modified to define what is meant by permanent, since some licensee's have been confused on when a facility was required to meet the requirements of a permanent radiographic installation. The definitions of " storage area" and " storage container" were modified to remove references to transportation. Specific transportation requirements are addressed in # 34.35.
Section 34.5 Interpretations, is standard regulatory language to state that only the General Counsel of the NRC has the authority to provide l
interpretations of the regulations which will be binding on the Commission.
l Section 34.7 Information collection requirements: OMB approval, is unchanged from the current regulation, except for changing the section numbers 1
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I which apply to the format of the draft rule and any new requirements. OMB clearance will be obtained prior to publication of any rule.
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i Subpart B-Specific Licensing Provisions i
This proposed subpart provides the basic requirements for submittal of'a license application. This draft subpart contains sections basically unchanged j
from the existing Part 34.
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.i Section 34.11 Application for a specific license, is worded the same as Section 34.3 in the current Part 34.
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Section 34.13, Specific license for radiography, is worded the same as j
Section 34.11 in the current Part 34, except for the following:
Section 34.13(e), proposes a reduction in the frequency of field inspections of i
i radiographers and radiographer's assistants from quarterly to semi-annually..
For individuals who have not performed radiographic operations for more-than-three months, an inspection of job performance would be required as.in the =
existing rule prior to their participation in a radiographic' operation. This-j I
reduction is in response to comments made at the Radiography Workshop.
conducted in November, 1992. A new requirement for conducting annual safety f
reviews has also been added to provide additional assurance that radiographers t
will be knowledgeable of current procedures and requirements.
In addition, the basic' requirements for conducting the field inspections have been
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relocated to 134.43(d) to more accurately reflect its role in-the training i
program. Section 34.13(g) is added which requires the licensee to designate ~.
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an individual on the license to fulfill the duties of the RSO. The qualifications and duties of this individual are specified in 134.41.
Section 34.13(i) is a new section which would require a list and description of all permanent radiographic installations and all permanent storage locations to be included in the license application. A permanent storage location is described as storage for more than 180 days in a calendar year. The time under which an area could be used temporarily for storage was chosen to agree with the length of time an Agreement State licensee may operate in NRC jurisdiction under reciprocity.
Subpart C-Equipment This subpart describes the requirements for radiographic equipment performance and use.
Some of the requirements in this subpart are changed from the current Part 34 as described below.
Section 34.20 Performance requirements for radiography equipment, is slightly changed from Section 34.20 of the current rule.
Section 34.20(b) is revised to prohibit modification of any exposure device. Many licensees have expressed confusion over what the current rule intended in permitting modification. Modification of any safety component was never intended. The proposal removes this ambiguity. Modification of any non-safety equipment would still be permitted. Section 34.20(b)(2) has been revised to specify that radiographic exposure devices used as Type B transport containers must meet the QA program requirements outlined in 171.105.
While this always has been true many licensees have been unaware of this requirement.
Section 6
34.20(f) is added to require labeling of all associated equipment acquired after January 10, 1996 to identify that the components have met the requirements of this section.
Section 34.21 Limits on levels of radiation for radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, and source changers, is basically unchanged from t
Section 34.21 of the current rule, with the following exceptions. Metric equivalents to the values previously cited have been included. While it is recognized that radiation exposure instruments currently use units of roentgens to measure radioactivity, the language has been modified to use the terms millisieverts and millirems.
Rather than making the transition from roentgens to coulombs per kilogram (in air), the terms millisieverts and millirems were chosen since a quality factor of 1 is appropriate in dealing with gamma-ray emitting radiography sources. Measurements taken in roentgens may be recorded in terms of millisieverts or millirems for purposes of demonstrating compliance with the rule.
Section 34.23 Locking and relocation of radiographic exposure devices, 4
storage containers, and source changers, is slightly changed from section 34.22 of the current rule, as described below.
Section 34.23(a) describes locking of radiographic exposure devices. A requirement to remove the key of any keyed lock is inclulded. Should the key remain in the camera there is an increased likelihood of the accidental or intentional removal of the sealed source when the radiographic camera is unattended. The term " manually" is added to clarify what is meant by securing the source assembly. Section 34.23(b) is added which specifies requirements for ensuring that the sealed
source is in the shielded position prior to movement of the device and associated equipment, since a number of overexposures have occurred while radiographic devices were being moved from one location to another.
Section 34.25 Radiation survey instruments, that replaces s 34.24 in the current rule, has been updated to reflect current calibration standards for different types of survey meters. This is to provide appropriate guidance l
to address the variety of survey instruments currently available. An additional requirement to perform an operability check prior to use is included.
While this is routinely part of all survey instrument j
specifications, a failure to determine whether an instrument was operable prior to use has been a contributing factor in overexposures both in radiography and other licensed activities.
Section 34.27 Leak testing and replacement of sealed sources. Most of the language in the draft is the same as section 34.25 of the existing rule, but the language has been reformatted to clarify the requirements. A new requirement is also included to specify that the method used in performing a leak test must be one approved by the Commission or an Agreement State. This is presently only addressed in regulatory guides. The words " repair, tagging, opening, and modification" of sealed sources have been removed since these j
activities are only approved for individuals specifically licensed to do so, 4
and are not considered routine activities that should be performed by anyone holding a radiography license. The language in the current rule is confusing as written, since it was never intended that radiographers would be permitted 8
i to perform these activities without special authorization from the Commission or an Agreement State.
Section 34.29 Quarterly inventory is basically unchanged from the existing regulation, with the exception of moving all recordkeeping requirements to Section 34.69.
Section 34.31 Inspection and maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, associated equipment, and source changers includes several proposed changes from 9 34.28 in the current rule, which are described below. A listing of associated equipment has been added. This listing would include various items used for specific tasks which may not be i
supplied with the radiographic device.
Experience has shown that defects in associated equipment can have an equally significant effect on safety as the i
other listed components.
Section 34.31 (a) has been revised to clarify the intent of the daily visual check, and the required actions if defects are found.
In Section 34.31(b) the term " routine maintenance" is now used to clarify that licensees are not required to perform all maintenance. Many equipment repairs may require returning the device to the manufacturer.
Language has been added to specify that defective equipment be removed from service until repaired and a record of the defect, as well as corrective actions taken, be made. While this seems to be obvious, there have been numerous instances where the use of defective equipment continued and subsequently resulted in overexposures of personnel occurring as a direct result of the defects.
Recordkeeping requirements have been moved to 9
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l 6 34.73. The records to be kept are specified and include: date of check, l
i individual performing che :k, equipment involved, any defects found, and repairs made.
Section 34.31(c) is included which requires surveys for depleted uranium (DU) contamination in the "S" tube of radiographic devices at least once every 12 months. The depleted uranium is used as a shielding material in most radiographic devices, replacing the lead shielding that was used in older models. The presence of DU contamination in the "S" tube, (a hard metal, such as titanium, tube through which the radioactive source travels), is an indication that the control cable has worn a groove through the "S" tube into the uranium shielding.
This condition could lead to binding of the control cable in the groove with the resultant inability to retract the source which leads to an increased potential for personnel overexposures.
Section 34.33 Permanent radiographic installations is basically unchanged from the existing requirements in Part 34, with the exceptions noted below. Section 34.33 (c) includes a requirement to perform a daily alarm system check. This is to be performed by checking the warning light and audible alarm with the source exposed, and is to be performed prior to use of the room each day. A defective alarm would require repair before radiographic operations could resume.
This is included because there have instances where failures in alarm systems have resulted in personnel overexposures upon entry I
into a high radiation area.
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Section 34.35 Labels, storage, and transportation precautions is a new section proposed to place requirements into Part 34 which specify labeling and security precautions for radioactive material storage and transportation.
l Section 34.23 of the current rule describes storage precautions for exposure devices and storage containers but did not address transportation or labeling requirements.
In s 34 35 of the proposed rule, there are labeling i
requirements for source changers and storage containers. The draft rule has specific requirements to lock and physically secure transport packages. The draft rule also requires licensees to store licensed material in a manner to minimize the danger from explosions or fire. The requirement for a QA I
program, as described in 9 71.105, has been added to the draft rule because there have been numerous cases where radiography licensees were unaware of this requirement and failed to comply. The addition of these requirements addressing labelling, and transportation are necessary because in the past serious personnel and public exposures have occurred from the failure to properly safeguard radioactive material during storage and transportation.
Subpart D-Radiation Safety Requirements This subpart describes basic radiation safety requirements for t
radiographic operations and includes training, safety procedures, personnel monitoring and surveys. New requirements describing the duties of the radiation safety officer are included.
Section 34.41 Radiation Safety Officer, is proposed which lists the qualifications and duties of the RSO. This section is added to place the requirements for this key individual into the regulations which were 11
previously only referenced in regulatory guides. The RSO is the key individual for ensuring safe operations. While this function has not previously been a requirement, it has been general practice to name an individual on the license to be the RSO. The qualifications listed for the RSO in the draft rule include:
- 1) completion of the training required for a radiographer as described in Part 34; and 2) 2 years of documented experience in industrial radiography with at least 40 hours4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br /> of formal classroom training with respect to oversight of radiation protection programs. The duties of the RSO in the proposed rule include overseeing procedure implementation and employee training, and monitoring radiation surveys, leak tests, and personnel monitoring results. A key duty of the RSO is to ensure the safe conduct of operations and to stop unsafe operations and institute corrective actions.
Section 34.43 Training, contains several new requirements which are discussed below. Section 34.43(b), which lists training requirements for radiographer's assistants, includes additional training in NRC regulations (30.7,30.9,30.10, and Parts 19, 20, and 34), in addition to the licensee's operating and emergency procedures. This change is to ensure that radiographer's assistants are knowledgeable of the safety requirements applicable to handling radioactive material in the conduct of radiography.
i Section 34.43(c) describes a proposal to conduct periodic training of radiographers and radiographer's assistants.
In the current rule, periodic training is required although there are no requirements on topics to be addressed. A number of violations involving personnel overexposures have resulted from licensee's failure to provide adequate training.
The proposal includes training on revised operating and emergency procedures, new i
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equipment, and safety issues. This review can be combined with the semi-annual inspection of job performance required by I 34.43(d).
Section 34.43(d) has been relocated from 6 34.13, and describes the requirements for routine inspections of job performance for radiographers and radiographer's assistants. The draft rule reduces the frequency of these inspections from quarterly to semi-annually for individuals regularly conducting radiographic operations.
For individuals who have not performed radiographic operations for more than three months, an inspection of their job performance would be required prior to their participation in a radiographic operation. With several of the other changes addressed in this rulemaking, such as, specifying requirements for periodic training and having two individuals at a temporary jobsite, the need for a quarterly review could be modified to semi-annual.
Proposed 5 34.43(e) specifies that recordkeeping requirements can be found in s 34.79. The requirements for records are unchanged from the current Part 34.
Proposed 6 34.43(f) contains the subjects currently listed 4
in Appendix A of Part 34.
Several proposed additional requirements are included. These include: pictures or models of source assemblies; training in storage, control, and disposal of licensed materials; and pertinent Federal regulations, i.e., Dept. of Transportation, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
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Section 34.45 Operating and emergency procedures. Minor changes were made to the existing Part 34 requirements to include: procedures for source t
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t ATTACHMENT 2 Questions for the Agreement States 6
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Do you currently have the two-person rule in your regulations?
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If yes, what was the economic impact to implement the two-person rule by your licensees?
3.
Do you currently have the requirement to designate a Radiation Safety Officer (RS0) in your regulations?
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If yes, what was the economic impact to implement this requirement by your licensees?
6.
Do you currently have the requirement to have visible and audible alarms on permanent radiographic installations?
7.
If yes, what was the economic impact to implement this requirement by your licensees?
8.
What will be the economic impact on small versus large businesses to implement these requirements?
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recovery if the licensee intends to perform emergency source recovery. This is added since many of the steps in a source recovery would be the same in any circumstance and, in the past, a number of personnel overexposures have occurred during emergency source recovery operations because basic radiation protection precautions were overlooked. Additional requirements are proposed for transportation procedures to include placarding of vehicles, and reference i
to the DOT regulations in 49 CFR 173. A number of violations have resulted from licensees failing to follow DOT regulations in the transportation of radioactive material.
Section 34.45(b) is included which specifies that the recordkeeping requirements can be found in 5 34.81.
Sections 34.89 and 34.91 specify that copies of current operating and emergency procedures are to be maintained at field stations and temporary jobsites, to ensure that adequate documents are available where radiographic operations occur.
Section 34.47 Personnel monitoring.
Several changes are included as I
follows. The existing requirement specifies that pocket dosimeters have a range from zero to at least 200 milliroentgens. The draft rule has dropped the term "at least." This is to prevent the use of pocket dosimeters with very high ranges where the users would be unable to properly determine their exposure. Use of pocket dosimeters with a range higher than 200 milliroentgens would be approved on a case by case basis. Additional requirements are included on the replacement frequency for film and TLDs.
In the existing regulation no replacement frequency is specified. A monthly frequency is proposed because the high intensity sources used in radiography can lead to significant exposures, so that monthly monitoring is necessary to 14
maintain an adequate knowledge of the individuals exposure to date and to
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prevent overexposures.
Section 34.47(b) addresses the use of pocket dosimeters. A requirement is included to read dosimeters at the beginning and end of each shift. This is added to ensure that the dose is correctly estimated. The existing regulation only specifies a daily reading which does not provide sufficient instruction on how licensees should handle any readings which remain on the i
pocket dosimeter after recharging.
Since it is nearly impossible to recharge a pocket dosimeter to zero, licensees must take a reading before and after use and subtract the difference to accurately determine the dose. Section i
34.47(d) addresses an off-scale pocket dosimeter. The draft rule specifies that in the case of a pocket dosimeter being off-scale the individual will not l
be permitted to work with licensed material until a determination of the worker's radiation exposure by the RSO or his\\her designee is made. The i
current rule requires sending the film badge or TLD for processing but did not specify when the individual would return to work. The proposed revision i
provides the criteria that must be met to permit the individual to return to work.
Section 34.47(e) is proposed which requires a worker to cease work whenever a film badge or TLD is lost or damaged, until a replacement is available. This is added to ensure that there is a means to accurately determine the worker's radiation dose.
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Section 34.49 Radiation surveys. There are several proposed changes from the existing regulation. The existing regulation requires a survey of the camera circumference and the guide tube. A number of violations have occurred because of failure to follow this requirement.
In reviewing the regulation the NRC staff has decided to revise the survey requirements.to remove the current requirements and specify a requirement to turn on the survey instrument on approaching the guide tube. A requirement is specified to survey the camera to determine that the sealed source has returned to the shielded position.
The draft rule language places the responsibility for conducting an adequate survey with the licensee.
In the majority of cases, a survey of the camera ports should be adequate to make this determination.
Section 34.51 Security. This section is unchanged from & 34.41 of the current rule.
Section 34.53 Posting. This section is unchanged from & 34.42 of the current rule.
Section 34.55 Supervision of radiographer's assistants. This section is unchanged from 9 34.44 of the current rule.
Section 34.57 Requirements for conducting radiographic operations outside of a permanent radiographic installation, is added to address proposed requirements for conducting radiography when the special safety requirements of a shielded facility are not available. The proposed requirement specifies that either two radiographers or a radiographer and an individual with 16 I
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training at least equivalent to a radiographer's assistant must be present to observe the operations and to provide assistance and control of the area against unauthorized entry. The basis for this provisiion is to ensure that in the absence of the safety features outlined in Section 34.33, there will be sufficient qualified personnel available to ensure safe radiographic operations.
In October 1992, the International Union of Operating Engineers (IUDE), local No. 2 petitioned the NRC to amend its regulations regarding radiography to require a minimum of two radiographic personnel when performing industrial radiography at temporary jobsites. The petitioners identified a number of problems associated with the use of licensed material by one P
radiographer at temporary jobsites.
Some of these included: 1) difficulty keeping the area under constant surveillance while radiographic operations are ongoing; 2) difficulty in maintaining surveillance when working in trenches;
- 3) difficulty in obtaining assistance in the event of an emergency if there is only one individual; and the petitioners believe that the suggested change is necessary to ensure a safe working environment.
The drat rule would constitute a partial granting of the petition.
Subpart E-Recordkeeping Requirements This subpart does not appear in the current Part 34.
It is included to place all recordkeeping and notification requirements in one location. Most of the recordkeeping requirements are unchanged from the existing Part 34.
Proposed changes are discussed below.
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Section 34.61 Specific license for radiography. This section requires the licensee to maintain a copy of the license until it is terminated by the Commission.
Section 34.63 Records of receipt and transfer of sealed sources. This describes recordkeeping requirements which are not in the current Part 34.
This is added to provide a record showing the disposition of sources to verify source location in the event of loss or theft.
Section 34.65 Records of radiation survey instruments. This is proposed as currently written in Section 34.24.
Licensees would be expected to maintain calibration records for radiation survey instruments for 3 years after the record is made.
Section 34.67 Records of leak testing, repair, tagging, opening, modification and replacement of sealed sources. This is included as currently i
written in 6 34.25(c), and would require licensees to maintain records of leak tests for 3 years after the record is made.
Section 34.69 Records of quarterly inventory. This is included as currently written 6 34.26, and would require licensees to maintain records of quarterly inventories for 3 years after the record is made.
Section 34.71 Utilization logs. This is proposed much as currently written in i 34.27, and would require licensees to maintain utilization logs for 3 years after the record is made. The draft rule has added several additional pieces of information to the logs; the serial number of device in which the sealed source is located, the radiographer's signature, and the 18 i
dates the device is removed and returned to storage. This information is needed to locate sources in the case of theft or loss.
Section 34.73 Records of inspection and maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, associated equipment, and source changers. This section is proposed much as currently written in 9 34.28(b),
and would require licensees to maintain inspection and maintenance records for three years after the record is made. The draft rule has added what i
information must be included in the inspection records: date of check, name of inspector, equipment inspected, any defects found and repairs made.
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Section 34.75 Records of permanent radiographic installations. This section is proposed as currently written in 6 34.29(c) and would require licensees to maintain records of alarm system checks for 3 years after the record is made.
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Section 34.79 Records of training. This section is proposed as currently written in i 34.31(c), with the additional requirement for j
maintaining records of periodic training, and would require licensees to maintain records of initial and periodic training, and field examinations, including copies of tests, dates administered, and topics covered in the periodic retraining.
I Section 34.81 Copies of operating and emergency procedures. This section is proposed as currently written in 9 34.32 and would require 19 i
licensees to maintain copies of emergency and operating procedures until the Commission terminates the license.
P Section 34.83 Records of personnel monitoring. This section is proposed as currantly written in i 34.33, and would require licensees to maintain records of pocket dosimeter readings and operability checks for 3 years from the date the record was made, to maintain records of film badge or TLD reports until the Commission terminates the license.
l Section 34.85 Records of radiation surveys. This section is proposed as currently written in 5 34.43(d), and would require records of the exposure device surveys for 3 years from the date the record was made.
Section 34.87 Form of records. This section is proposed as currently t
written in s 34.4, and specifies how records must be maintained, including permitting records to be stored in electronic media.
I Section 34.89 Documents and records required at field stations. This new proposed section, which list documents and records required at field stations, was added to ensure that licensees have available sufficient records i
to demonstrate compliance with NRC regulations. The field station is often far removed from the home office, therefore records necessary to maintain safe operation should be readily available.
The records listed are only a subset of the records required at a licensee's normal place of business. These records include copies of pertinent regulations, copies of operating and 1
emergency procedures, instrument calibration records, leak test results, 20 l
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inventory records, utilization logs, training and survey records. These records are those licensees would need to safely handle radioactive material.
Section 34.91 Documents and records required at temporary jobsites.
This proposed section, which list documents and records required at temporary jobsites, was added to ensure that licensees have available sufficient records r
to demonstrate compliance with NRC regulations and to have the records necessary to maintain safe operations. The records listed are a smaller subset of the records required for a field station. These records include copies of pertinent regulations, evidence of latest instrument calibrations, latest survey records, shipping papers, and Agreement State license if operating under reciprocity. These records are those needed for licensees to safely handle radioactive material.
Subpart F - Notification of Incidents This subpart is basically unchanged from the current Part 34 with the exception of minor wording changes.
Subpart G - Exemptions This subpart addresses exemptions and is basically the same as the current Part 34 with the exception of minor wording changes.
Subpart H - Enforcement This subpart addresses enforcement and is not in the current Part 34.
The language used in this subpart is the same as appears in all newer NRC regulations and describes what legal action the NRC may take for any failure 21 f
1 to comply with applicable regulations.
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34.24 Radiation survey instruments.
34.25 Radiation survey instruments 34.25 Leak testing, repair, tagging, 34.27 Leak testing and replacement opening, modification and of sealed sources.
replacement of sealed sources.
i 34.26 Quarterly inventory.
34.29 Quarterly inventory 34.27 Utilization logs.
See 534.71 34.28 Inspection and maintenance of 34.31 Inspection and maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, and source storage containers, and source changers.
changers.
34.29 Permanent radiographic 34.33 Permanent radiographic installations.
installations See S34.23 34.35 Labels, storage, and i
transportation precautions.
Reporting i
34.30 Reporting requirements.
See Subpart F, S34.101 f
Personal Radiation Safety Subpart D -- Radiation Safety Requirements for Radiographers and Requirements Radiographers' Assistants 34.41 Radiation Safety Officer.
34.31 Training.
34.43 Training.
34.32 Operating and emergency 34.45 Operating and emergency procedures, procedures.
34.33 Personnel monitoring.
34.47 Personnel monitoring.
Precautionary Procedures in Radiographic Operations 34.41 Security.
See 534.51 34.42 Posting.
See 534.53 34.43 Radiation surveys.
34.49 Radiation surveys.
i See 534.41 34.51 Security i
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i See 534.42 34.53 Posting 34.44 Supervision of radiographers' 34.55 Supervision of radiographor.'s assistants.
assistants 34.57 Requirements for radiographic l
operations conducted outside of a i
permanent radiographic insta11ation' j
Exemptions 34.51 Applications for exemptions.
See Subpart G, S34.111 l
Appendix A See 534.43(f) l Subpart E -- Recordkeeping Requirements y
34.61 Records of Specific License for Radiography l
34.63 Records.of receipt and transfer 34.65 Records of radiation survey i
instruments
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34.67 Records of leak' testing and replacement of sealed. sources 34.69 Records of quarterly inventory See 534.27 34.71 Utilization logs 34.73 Records of inspection and
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maintenance'of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, associated equipment, and source changers I
34.75 Records of permanent j
radiographic installations 34.79 Records of training i
1 34.81 Records of operating and 1
emergency procedures 34.83 Records of personnel monitoring l
i 34.85 Records of radiation. surveys
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See 534.4 34.87 Forms of records j
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ii 34.89 Documents and records required at field station >.
34.91 Documents and records required at temporary jobsites.
Subpart F -- Notification of incidents See 534.30 34.101 Notification of incidents Subpart G -- Exemptions See 534.51 34.111 Applications for exemptions.
Subpart H -- Enforcement 34.121 Violations.
Authority: Secs. 81, 161, 182, Authority: Secs. 81, 161, 182, 183, 68 Stat. 935, 948, 953, 954, as 183, 68 Stat. 935, 948, 953, 954, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2111, 2201, 2232, amended (42 U.S.C. 2111, 2201, 2232, 2233); sec. 201, 88 Stat. 1242, as 2233); sec. 201, 88 Stat. 1242, as amended (42 U.S.C. 5841).
amended (42 U.S.C. 5841).
Section 34.32 also issued under sec. 206, 88 Stat. 1246 (42 U.S.C.
5846).For the purposes of sec. 223, 68 Stat. 958, as amended (42 U.S.C.
2273); Section 34.20(a)-(e), 34.21 (a) and (b), 34.22, 34.23, 34.24, 34.25 (a), (b), and (d), 34.28, 34.29, 34.31 (a) and (b),.34.32, 34.33 (a), (c), (d), and (f), 34.41, 34.42, 34.43 (a), (b), and (c) and 34.44 are issued under sec. 161b, 68 Stat. 948, as amended (42 U.S.C.
2201(b); and Section 34.ll(d), 34.25 (c) and (d), 34.26, 34.27, 34.28(b),
34.29(c), 34.30, 34.31(c), 34.33 (b) and (e) and 34.43(d) are issued under sec. 1610, 68 Stat. 950, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2201(o)).
Source: 30 FR 8198, June 26, 1965, unless otherwise noted.
1 Subpart A -- General Provisions Section 34.1 Purpose and scope.
Section 34.1 Purpose and scope.
This part prescribes requirements This part prescribes requirements for the issuance of licenses for the for the issuance of licenses for the use of sealed sources containing use of sealed sources containing byproduct material and radiation byproduct material and radiation safety requirements for persons safety requirements for persons using such sealed sources in using such sealed sources in radiography. The provisions and industrial radiography (this rule is requirements of this part are in not to be applied to medical uses of addition to, and not in substitution byproduct material). The provisions for, other requirements of this and requirements of this part are in chapter.
In particular, the addition to, and not in substitution provisions of Part 30 of this for, other requirements of this chapter apply to applications and chapter.
In particular, the licenses subject to this part.
requirements and provisions of Parts Nothing in this part shall apply to 19, 20, 21, 30, 71, 150, 170 and 171 uses of byproduct material for of this chapter apply to i
medical diagnosis or therapy.
applications and licenses subject to this part.
Section 34.2 Definitions.
Section 34.3 Definitions.
As used in this part:
As used in this part:
"ALARA" (acronym for as low as reasonably achievable) - making every reasonable effort to maintain exposures to radiation as far below the dose limits specified in Part 20 as is practical consistent with the purpose for which the licensed activity is undertaken.
" Associated Equipment" -
equipment used in conjunction with a radiographic exposure device to make radiographic exposures that drives, j
guides or comes in contact with the j
source, (i.e., guide tube, control tube, crank, removable source stop, "J" tube).
" Becquerel" (Bq) - one disintegration per second.
"Collimator" - a device used to limit the size, shape, and direction of the primary radiation beam.
j
" Control (crank-out) device" -
the control cable, the protective l
sheath and control drive mechanism' used to move the sealed source from its shielded position in._the radiographic device.or camera to an i
unshielded position'outside the device for the purpose of making a-l radiographic exposure.
" Control tube"- protective i
sheath for guiding the control cable. The control tube connects.
t the control drive mechanism to the radiographic exposure device.
j
" Exposure head"
_a device that.
locates the gamma radiography sealed source in the selected working position.
(An exposure-head is also known as a sou.ce stop.).
" Field examination" - a demonstration of. practical.
application of the principles learned in the classroom that should include use of _ all appropriate-i equipment and_ procedures.
" Field station" - a facility where licensed material may be stored or used and from which equipment is dispatched.
l l" Periodic training" - a
.i periodic review conducted or provided-by the' licensee for.its employees on radiation safety i
aspects of radiography.
The review may include, as appropriate, the results of internal ~ inspections, new procedures or equipment, accidents i
or errors that_have been observed,-
and opportunities for employees to ask safety questions.
l
" Permanent radiographic
" Permanent radiographic a
installation' means a shielded installation" - an enclosed shielded -
installation or structure designed room, cell, or vault in which i
or intended for radiography and in radiography is performed.
which radiography is regularly performed.
" Projection sheath"-(guide-j tube) - a flexible:or rigid tube l
(i.e., "J" tube) for guiding:the j
e
source assembly and the attached control cable from the exposure device to the exposure head or working position.
" Radiation Safety Officer" - an individual named by the licensee who has knowledge of, responsibility for, and authority to ensure compliance with appropriate radiation protection rules, standards, and practices on behalf of the licensee and who meets the requirements of 34.41.
Radiographer means any
" Radiographer" - any individual individua7 who performs or who, in who performs or who, in attendance attendance at the site where the at the site where the sealed source sealed source or sources are being or sources are being used, used, personally supervises personally supervises radiographic radiographic operations and who is operations and who is responsible to responsible to the licensee for the licensee for assuring compliance assuring compliance with the with the requirements of the requirements of the Commission's Commission's regulations and the regulations and the conditions conditions of the license; of the license;
Radiographer's assistant
" Radiographer's assistant" -
means any individual who under the any individual who under the personal supervision of a personal supervision of a radiographer, uses radiographic radiographer, uses radiographic exposure devices, sealed sources or exposure devices, sealed sources or related handling tools, or radiation related handling tools, or radiation survey instruments in radiography; survey instruments in radiography;
Radiographic exposure
" Radiographic exposure device means any instrument device" - any instrument containing containing a sealed source fastened a sealed source fastened or or contained therein, in which the contained therein, in which the sealed source or shielding thereof sealed source or shielding thereof may be moved, or otherwise changed, may be moved,.or otherwise changed, from a shielded to unshielded from a shielded to unshielded position for purposes of making a position for purposes of making a radiographic exposure; radiographic exposure, (i.e. a camera, or a projector);
Radiography means the
" Radiography" - the examination examination of the structure of of the structure of materials by materials by nondestructive methods, nondestructive methods, utilizing utilizing sealed sources of sealed sources of byproduct byproduct materials; materials;
Sealed source" means any
" Sealed source" - any byproduct byproduct material that is encased material that is encased in a in a capsule designed to prevent capsule designed to prevent leakage leakage or escape of the byproduct or escape of the byproduct material; material;
" Shielded position" - the location within the radiographic exposure device or source changer where the sealed source is secured and restricted from movement. (In 1
this position the radiation exposure will be at a minimum.
This position incorporates maximum shielding for the radioactive source.)
" Sievert" - the SI unit of any of the quantities expressed as dose equivalent. The dose equivalent in rems is equal to the absorbed dose i
in rads multiplied by the quality i
factor (1 Sv = 100 rems)
" Source assembly" - consists of the sealed source and a connector.
May also include a stop ball used to secure the source in the shielded position. The connector attaches to the coritrol cable.
Source changer' means a
" Source changer" - a device designed device designed and used for and used for replacement of sealed replacement of sealed sources in sources in radiographic exposure radiographic exposure devices, devices, including those also used including those also used for for transporting and storage of transporting and storage of sealed sealed sources; sources;
Storage area" means any
" Storage area" - any location.
location, facility, or vehicle which facility, or vehicle which is used is used to store, to transport, or to store or to secure a radiographic to secure a radiographic exposure exposure device, a storage device, a storage container, or a container, or a sealed source when sealed source when it is not in use it is not in use and which is locked and which is locked or has a or has a physical barrier to prevent physical barrier to prevent accidental exposure, tampering with, accidental exposure, tampering with, or unauthorized removal of the or unauthorized removal of the device, container, or source.
device, container, or source.
Storage container" means a
" Storage container" - a device device in which sealed sources are in which sealed sources are stored.
transported or stored.
" Temporary jobsite" - a place where licensed materials are present for the purpose of performing radiography other than any permanent radiographic installation.
Section 34.5 Interpretations.
Except as specifically authorized by the Commission in writing, no interpretation of the meaning of the regulations in this part by any officer or employee of the Commission, other than a written interpretation by the General Counsel, will be recognized to be binding upon the Commission.
Section 34.3 Applications for See S34.11 specific licenses.
A person may file an application for specific license for use of sealed sources in radiography in duplicate on NRC Form 313,
Application for Material License, in accordance with the provisions of Section 30.32 of this chapter.
Section 34.4 Maintenance of records.
See 534.87 Each record required by this part must be legible throughout the retention period specified by each Commission regulation. The record may be the original of a reproduced copy of a microform provided that the copy or microform is
)
authenticated by authorized personnel and that the microform is capable of producing a clear copy throughout the required retention period. The record may also be stored in electronic media with the l
capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records during the required retention period.
Records such as letters, J
i 1
m m-m m
~
1 i
drawings, specifications, must include all pertinent information l
such as stamps, initials, and signatures. The licensee shall maintain adequate safeguards against tampering with
{
and loss of records.
j Section 34.8 Information collection Section 34.7 Information collection requirements: OMB approval.
requirements: OMB approval.
{
(a) The Nuclear Regulatory (a) The Nuclear Regulatory i
Commission has submitted the Commission has submitted the information collection requirements information collection requirements.
j contained in this part to the Office contained in this part to the Office-of Management and Budget (OMB) for of Management and Budget (OMB) for approval as required by the approval as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1980 (44 Paperwork Reduction'Act of 1980 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). OMB has U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). OMB has l
approved the information collection approved the information collection requirements contained in this part requirements contained in this part
+
under control number 3150-0007.
under control number XXXX-XXXX.
(b) The approved information (b) The approved information collection requirements contained in collection requirements' contained in this part appear in Section 34.11, this part appear in-Section 34.13, 34.24, 34.?5. 34.26, 34.27, 34.28, 34.25, 34.27, 34.29, 34.31,l34.33, 34.29, 34.31, 34.32, 34.33, and 34.43, 34.45, 34.47, 34.49, 34.61, 34.43.
34.63, 34.65, 34.67, 34.69, 34.71, 34.73, 34.75, 34.79, 34.81, and 34.85.
(c) 'his.part contains (c) This part contains information collection requirements information collection requirements in addition to those approved under in addition to those approved under the control number specified in the control number specified in i
paragraph (a) of this section.
paragraph-(a) of this section.
l These information collection These information collection requirements and the control numbers requirements and the control numbers under which they are approved are as under which they are approved are as i
follows:
follows:
'l
~
(1) In Section 34.3, Form
.(1) In Section 34.11, Form i
NRC-313R is approved under control NRC-313 is approved under control number 3150-0023.
number XXXX-XXXX.
I Subpart A -- Specific Subpart B -- Specific Licensing Licensing Requirements' Requirements
-i
Section 34.11 Application for a specific license.
A person may file an application for specific license for use of sealed sources in radiography in duplicate on NRC Form 313,
" Application for Material License,"
in accordance with the provisions of S30.32 of this chapter.
Section 34.11 Issuance of specific Section 34.13 Specific license for licenses for use of sealed sources radiography.
in radiography.
The Commission will approve an An application for a specific application for a specific license license for use of sealed sources in for the use of licensed material in radiography will be approved if:
radiography if the applicant meets the following requirements:
(a) The applicant satisfies the (a) The applicant shall satisfy general requirements specified in the general requirements specified Section 30.33 of this chapter; in S30.33 of this chapter for byproduct material, as appropriate, and any special requirements contained in this part.
(b) The applicant will have an (b) The applicant shall develop adequate program for training an adequate program for training radiographers and radiographers' radiographers and radiographer's assistants and submits to the assistants and submit to the Commission a schedule or description Commission a description of this of such program which specifies the:
program which specifies the --
(1) Initial training; (1) Initial and periodic (2) Periodic training; training; (3) On-the-job training; (2) On-the-job training; (4) Means to be used by the (3) Means the applicant will licensee to determine the use to demonstrate the radiographer's knowledge and radiographer's knowledge and understanding of and ability to understanding of and ability to comply with Commission comply with the Commission's regulations and licensing regulations and licensing requirements, and the operating and requirements and the applicant's 1
emergency procedures of the operating and emergency procedures; applicant; and and See S34.ll(b)(6)
(4) Means the applicant will use to determine the radiographer's
assistant's knowledge and understanding of and ability to comply with the applicant's operating and emergency procedures.
(5) In lieu of describing its (c) In lieu of describing its initial training prsgram for initial training program for radiographers ic the subjects radiographers in the subjects outlined in Appendix A of this part, outlined in 34.43(f) of this part, and the description of and the means and the description of and the means to determine the radiographer's to determine the radiographer's knowledge and understanding of these knowledge and understanding of these subjects, the applicant affirms that subjects, the applicant affirms that all individuals acting as all individuals acting as radiographers will be certified in radiographers will be certified in radiation safety through the radiation safety through the Certification Program for Industrial Certification Program for Industrial Radiography Radiation Safety Radiography Radiation Safety Personnel of the American Society Personnel of the American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.
(ASNT-IRRSP) prior to commencing (ASNT-IRRSP) prior to commencing duties as radiographers.
From April duties as radiographers.
From April 18, 1991, to the date of the renewal 18, 1991, to the date of the renewal of an existing license, an approved of an existing license, an approved license application is deemed to license application is deemed to include the option, for individuals include the option, for individuals who are certified in radiation who are certified in radiation safety through the ASNT-IRRSP, to safety through the ASNT-IRRSP, to substitute ASNT-IRRSP certification substitute ASNT-IRRSP certification in lieu of the described means to in lieu of the described means to determine a radiographer's knowledge determine a radiographer's knowledge and understanding of the subjects in and understanding of the subjects in 34.31(a)(1).
(This paragraph does 34.43(a)(1).
(This paragraph does not affect the licensee's not affect the licensee's responsibility to assure that responsibility to assure that radiographers are properly trained radiographers are properly trained in accordance with S34.31(a)).
in accordance with S34.43(a)).
(6)Means to be used by the See 534.13(b)(4) licensee to determine the radiographer's assistant's knowledge and understanding of and ability to comply with the operating and emergency procedures of the applicant; (c) The applicant has (d) The applicant shall submit established and submits to the to the Commission written adequate Commission satisfactory written operating and emergency procedures operating and emergency procedures as described in 534.45.
j as described in Section 34.32; i
(d) The applicant has (e) The applicant shall established and submits to the establish and submit to the Commission a description of its Commission its program for semi-inspection program adequate to annual inspections of the job ensure that its radiographers and performance of each radiographer and radiographers' assistants follow the radiographer's assistant as Commission's regulatory requirements described in S34.43(d).
and the applicant's operating and emergency procedures. The inspection program must:
(1) Include observation of the performance of each radiographer and radiographer's assistant during an actual radiographic operation at intervals not to exceed three months; (2) Provide that, if a radiographer cr a radiographer's assistant has not participated in a radiographic cperation for more than three months since the last inspection, that individual's performance must be observed and recorded the next time the l
individual participates in a radiographic operation; and (3) Include the retention of inspection records on the performance of radiographers or radiographers' assistants for three years.
(e) The applicant submits a (f) The applicant shall submit description of its over-all a description of its overall organizational structure pertaining organizational structure as it to the radiography program, applies to the radiation safety including specified delegations of responsibilities in radiography, authority and responsibility for including specified delegations of operation of the program; and authority and responsibility.
(g) The applicant shall designate a Radiation Safety Officer responsible for-implementing the licensee's radiation safety program.
The Radiation Safety Officer shall meet the qualifications and duties described in S34.41.
(f) The applicant who desires (h) If an applicant wants to to conduct his own leak tests has perform leak testing of sealed established adequate procedures to sources, the applicant shall be followed in leak testing sealed identify the manufacturers and the sources, for possible leakage and model numbers of the leak test kits contamination and submits to the to be~used.
If the applicant wants
Commission a description of such to analyze its own wipe samples, the procedures including:
applicant shall establish procedures to be followed and submit a description of these procedures to the Commission. The description must include the --
(1) Instrumentation to be used, (1) Instruments to be used; (2) Method of p c forming test, (2) Methods of performing the e.g., points on equipment to be analysis; and smeared and method of taking smear, and (3) Pertinent experience of the (3) Pertinent experience of the person who will perform the test.
person who will analyze the wipe samples.
(i) The applicant shall submit to the Commission a list and description of permanent radiographic installations which are at their place of business and storage locations where radioactive material is stored for more than 180 days in a calendar year.
Subpart B --
Radiation Safety Requirements EQUIPMENT CONTROL Subpart C - - Equipment Section 34.20 Performance Section 34.20 Performance requirements for radiography requirements for radiography equipment.
equipment.
Equipment used in industrial Equipment used in industrial radiographic operations must meet radiographic operations must meet the following minimum criteria:
the following minimum criteria:
(a) Each radiographic exposure (a) Each radiographic exposure device and all associated equipment device and all associated equipment must meet the requirements specified must meet the requirements specified in American National Standard in American National Standard N432-1980 Radiological Safety for N432-1980 " Radiological Safety for the Design and Construction of the Design and Construction of-Apparatus for Gamma Radiography,
Apparatus for Gamma Radiography,"
(published as NBS Handbook 136, (published as NBS Handbook 136, issued January 1981). This issued January 1981).
This publication has been approved for publication has been approved for incorporation by reference by the incorporation by reference by the Director of the Federal Register in Director of the Federal Register in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a).
accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a).
This publication may be purchased This publication may be purchased
i i
from the Superintendent of from'the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402 and Office, Washington, DC 20402 and from the Anerican National Standards from the American National Standards i
Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, Institute, Inc., 1430 Broadway, New York, New York 10018, Telephone New York, New York 10018 Telephone (212) 642-4900. Copies of the (212) 642-4900. Copies of the i
document are available for document are available for inspection at the Nuclear Regulatory inspection at the Nuclear Regulatory 1
Commission Public Document Room, Commission Public Document Room, i
2120 L Street NW., Lower Level, 2120 L Street NW., Lower Level, Washington, DC 20555. A copy of the Washington, DC 20555. A copy of the t
document is also on file at the document is also on file at the Office of the Federal Register,1100 Office of the Federal Register,1100' L Street NW., Room 8301, Washington, L Street NW., Room 8301, Washington, DC 20408.
DC 20408.
(b)-In addition to the (b) In addition to the requirements specified in paragraph requirements specified in paragraph (a) of this section, the following (a) of this section, the following requirements apply to radiographic requirements apply to radiographic exposure devices and associated exposure devices and associated equipment.
equipment.
I (1) Each radiographic exposure (1) Each radiographic exposure device must have attached to it by device must have attached to it by-the user, a durable, legible, the user, a durable, legible, clearly visible label bearing the --
clearly visible label bearing the --
4 (i) Chemical symbol and mass (i) Chemical symbol and mass number of the radionuclide in the number of the radionuclide in the device; device-t (ii) Activity and the date on (ii) Activity and the date on which this activity was last which this activity was last measured; measured; (iii) Model number and serial (iii) Model number and serial number of the sealed source; number of the sealed source; (iv) Manufacturer of the sealed (iv) Manufacturer of the sealed source; and source; and (v) Licensee's name, address, (v) Licensee's name, address, and telephone number.
and telephone ' number.
(2) Radiographic exposure (2) Radiographic exposure devices intended for use as Type B devices intended for use as Type B transport containers must meet the transport containers must meet the applicable requirements of 10 CFR applicable requirements of 10 CFR part 71.
Part 71, including documentation of the QA program requirements outlined in S71.105.
(3) Modification of any (3) Modification of any exposure devices and associated exposure devices and associated equipment is prohibited, unless the equipment is prohibited.
design of any replacement component, including source holder, source assembly, controls or guide tubes would not compromise the design safety features of the system.
i (c) In addition to the (c) In addition to the requirements specified in paragraphs requirements specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section, the (a) and (b) of this section, the following requirements apply to following requirements apply to radiographic exposure devices and radiographic exposure devices, associated equipment that allow the source assemblies, and associated source to be moved out of the device equipment that allow the source to for routine operation.
be moved out of the device for routine operation.
(1) The coupling between the (1) The coupling between the source assembly and the control source assembly and the control cable must be designed in such a cable must be designed in such a manner that the source assembly will manner that the source assembly will not become disconnected if cranked not become disconnected if cranked outside the guide tube. The outside the guide tube. -The coupling must be such that it cannot coupling must be such that it cannot be unintentionally disconnected be unintentionally disconnected under normal and reasonably under normal and reasonably foreseeable abnormal conditions.
foreseeable abnormal conditions.
(2) The device must (2) The device must automatically secure the source automatically secure the source assembly when it is cranked back assembly when it is cranked back into the fully shielded position into the fully shielded position within the device. This securing within the device. This securing system may only be released by means system may only be released by means of a deliberate operation on the of a deliberate opera' ion on the exposure device.
exposure device.
(3) The outlet fittings, lock (3) The outlet fittings, lock box, and drive cable fittings on box, and drive cable fittings on each radiographic exposure device each radiographic exposure device must be equipped with safety plugs must be equipped with safety plugs or covers which must be installed or covers which must be installed during storage and transportation to during storage and transportation to protect the source assembly from protect the source assembly from water, mud, sand or other foreign water, mud, sand or other foreign matter.
matter.
(4) Each sealed source or (4) Each sealed source or i
source assembly must have attached source assembly must have attached to it or engraved in it, a durable, to it or engraved in it, a durable, 4
i i
legible, visible label with the legible, visible label with the
-l words:
words:
DANGER -- RADI0 ACTIVE." The label
" DANGER -- RADI0 ACTIVE."
i must not interfere with the safe The label must not interfere with o.e ration of the exposure device or the safe operation of the exposure l
associated equipment.
device or associated equipment.
j (5) The guide tube must have (5) The guide tube must have i
passed the crushing tests for the passed tha crushing tests for the control tube as specified in ANSI control tube as specified in ANSI N432.and a kinking resistance test N432 and a kinking resistance test i
that closely approximates the that closely approximates the kinking forces likely to be kinking forces likely to be encountered during use.
encountered during use.
l (6) Guide tubes must be used (6) Guide tubes must be used when moving the source out of the when moving-the source out of the device.
device.
(7) An exposure head or similar (7) An exposure head or similar device designed to prevent the device designed to prevent the i
source assembly from passing out of source assembly from passing out of the end of the guide tube must be the end of the guide tube must be i
attached to the outermost end of the attached to the outermost end of the guide tube during radiographic guide tube during radiographic operations.
operations.
(8) The guide tube exposure (8) The guide tube exposure-
' head connection must be able to head connection must be able to 1
withstand the tensile test for withstand the tensile test for control units specified in' ANSI control units specified in ANSI l
N432.
N432.
1 (9) Source changers must (9) Source changers must provide a system for assuring that provide a system for assuring that
-t the source will not be accidentally the source will not be accidentally withdrawn from the changer when withdrawn from the changer when i
connecting or disconnecting the connecting or disconnecting the drive cable to or from a source drive cable to or from a source assembly.
- assembly, i
(d) All newly manuf actured (d) All newly manufactured radiographic exposure devices and radiographic exposure devices and associated equipment acquired by associated equipment acquired by licensees after January 10, 1992 licensees after January 10, 1992 must. comply with the requirements of must comply with the requirements of this section.
this section.
(e) All radiographic exposure (e) All radiographic exposure 1
devices and associated equipment in devices, source assemblies, and use after January 10, 1996 must associated equipment in use after j
comply with the requirements of this January 10, 1996 must comply with section.
the requirements of this section.
e i
1 1
E
(f) All associated equipment acquired after January 10, 1996 must be labelled to identify that the components have met the requirements of this section.
Section 34.21 Limits on levels of Section 34.21 Limits on levels of radiation for radiographic exposure radiation for radiographic exposure devices and stcrage containers.
devices, storage containers, and source changers.
(a) Radiographic exposure (a) Radiographic exposure devices measuring less than four (4) devices measuring less than 10 inches from the sealed source centimeters (4 inches) from the storage position to any exterior sealed source storage position to surface of the device shall have no any exterior surface of the device radiation level in excess of 50 shall have no radiation level in milliroentgens per hour at six (6) excess of 0.5 millisieverts (50 inches from any exterior surface of millirems) per hour at 15 the device.
centimeters (6 inches) from any exterior surface of the device.
Radiographic exposure devices Radiographic exposure devices measuring a minimum of four (4) measuring a minimum of 10 inches from the sealed source centimeters (4 inches) from the storage position to any exterior sealed source storage position to surface of the device, and all any exterior surface of the device, storage containers for sealed and all storage containers for sources or for radiographic sealed sources or for radiographic exposure devices, shall have no exposure devices, shall have no radiation level in excess of 200 radiation level in excess of 2 milliroentgens per hour at any millisieverts (200 millirems) per exterior surface, and ten (10) hour at any exterior surface, and milliroentgens per hour at one meter 0.1 millisieverts (10 millirems) per from any exterior surface. The hour at one meter from any exterior radiation levels specified are with surface. The radiation levels the sealed source in the shielded specified are with the sealed source (i.e., off') position.
in the shielded (i.e., "off")
position.
(b) Paragraph (a) of this (b) Paragraph (a) of this section applies to all equipment section applies to all equipment manufactured prior to January 10, manufactured prior to January 10, 1992. After January 10, 1996, 1992. After January 10, 1996, radiographic equipment other than radiographic equipment other than storage containers and source storage containers and source changers must meet the requirements changers must meet the requirements of Section 34.20, and Section 34.21 of S34.20, and S34.21 applies only applies only to storage containers to storage containers.
(source changers).
Section 34.22 Locking of Section 34.23 Locking and relocation radiographic exposure devices, of radiographic exposure devices,
l storage containers,' and source storage containers, and source changers..
changers.
I (a) Locked radiographic f
exposure devices.and storage containers'shall be physically-secured to prevent tampering.
i
.(a) Each radiographic exposure (1) Each radiographic exposure
.l device shall have a lock or outer device shall have a lock or outer locked container designed to prevent locked container designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental removal unauthorized or accidental removal of the sealed source from its of the' sealed source from its shielded position.. The exposure shielded position. The exposure device or its container shall be device or its container shall t.e.
kept locked when not under the kept locked, (and if a keyed lock, direct surveillance of a with the key removed at all times),
i radiographer or a radiographer's when not under the direct.
assistant or as otherwise may.be surveillance'of a radiographer or a authorized in Section'34.41.
In radiographer's assistant or as addition, during radiographic otherwise may be authorized in operations the sealed source 534.51.. In addition, during assembly shall be secured in the radiographic operations the sealed shielded position each time the source assembly shall be manually source is returned to that position.
secured in the shielded position each time the source is returned to that position, in those exposure devices manufactured prior to January 10, 1992.
.j r
.(b) Each sealed source storage
-(2) Each sealed source storage container.and source changer shall container and source changer shall
- (
have a lock or outer locked have.a lock or outer locked l
container designed to prevent.
container designed to prevent unauthorized or accidental removal unauthorized or accidental removal-of the sealed source from its of the sealed source from its shielded position. Storage shielded position. Storage containers and source changers shall containers and source changers shall l
be kept locked when containing be kept. locked when containing sealed sources except when under the -
sealed sources except when under the i
direct surveillance of a direct surveillance of a radiographer or a radiographer's radiographer or a: radiographer's assistant.
assistant.
(b) Radiographic exposure devices, source changers, and..
storage containers, prior to being moved from one location to another, shall be disassembled, safety plugs i
or covers applied, locked and physically secured to prevent i
accidental. loss, tampering or removal 'of-licensed material, and 1
shall be surveyed to assure.that the-l
sealed source is in the shielded position.
Section 34.23 Storage precautions.
See 534.35 Locked radiographic exposure devices and storage containers shall be physically secured to prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel.
Section 34.24 Radiation survey Section 34.25 Radiation survey instruments.
instruments.
The licensee shall maintain (a) The licensee shall keep sufficient calibrated and operable sufficient calibrated and operable radiation survey instruments to make radiation survey instruments at each physical radiation surveys as field station and temporary jobsite required by this part and Part 20 of to make the radiation surveys this chapter.
Each radiation survey required by this part and by Part 20 instrument shall be calibrated at of this chapter.
Instrumentation intervals not to exceed three months required by this section shall have and after each instrument servicing a range such that 0.02 millisieverts and a record shall be maintained of (2 millirems) per hour through 0.01 the results of each instrument Sievert (I rem) per hour can be calibration and date thereof for measured.
Survey instruments shall three' years after the date of be checked for operability prior to calibration.
Instrumentation use. This may be accomplished by required by this section shall have evaluating the instrument response a range such that two milliroentgens to the previously measured fields at per hour through one roentgen per the projection sheath port or the hour can be measured.
control cable sheath port on a radiographic exposure device.
(b) The licensee shall have each radiation survey instrument required under paragraph (a) of this section calibrated --
(1) At intervals not to exceed 6 months and after instrument servicing, except for battery changes; (2) For linear scale instruments, at two points located approximately 1/3 and 2/3 of full-scale on each scale; for logarithmic scale instruments, at midrange of each decade, and at two points of at least one decade; and
for digital instruments, at appropriate points; and (3) So that an accuracy within plus or minus 20 percent of the calibration standard can be demonstrated on each scale.
(c) The licensee shall maintain records of the results of the instrument calibrations in accordance with S34.65.
Section 34.25 Leak testing, repair, Section 34.27 Leak testing and tagging, opening, modification replacement of sealed sources.
and replacement of sealed sources.
(a) The replacement of any (a) The replacement of any sealed source fastened to or sealed source fastened to or contained in a radiographic exposure contained in a radiographic exposure device and leak testing, repair, device and leak testing of any tagging, opening or any other sealed source shall be performed modification of any sealed source only by persons specifically shall be performed only by persons authorized by the Commission or an specifically authorized by the Agreement State to do so.
Commission to do so.
(b) Testing and recordkeeping requirements.
(1) Each licensee who uses a sealed source shall have the source tested for leakage at intervals not to exceed 6 months.
(2) The licensee shall maintain records of the leak tests in accordance with 534.67.
(b) Each sealed source shall be (3) In the absence of a tested for leakage at intervals not certificate from the transferor that to exceed 6 months.
In the absence a test has been made within the 6 of a certificate from a transferor months before the transfer, the that a test has been made within the sealed source may not be used until 6 months prior to the transfer, the tested.
sealed source shall not be put into use until tested.
(c) The leak test must be (c) Method of testing. The capable of detecting the presence of wipe of a sealed source must be 0.005 microcurie of removable performed using a leak test kit or contamination on the sealed source.
method approved by the Commission or An acceptable leak test for sealed an Agreement State. The wipe sample sources in the possession of a must be taken from the nearest radiography licensee would be to accessible point to the sealed test at the nearest accessible point source where contamination might
to the sealed-source storage accumulate. The wipe sample must be position, or other appropriate analyzed for radioactive measuring point, by a procedure to contamination. The analysis must be be approved pursuant to Section capable of detecting the presence of 34.ll(f).
Each record of leak test 185 Bq (0.005 microcuries) of results must be kept in units of radioactive material on the test microcuries [or disintegrations per sample and must be performed by a minute (dpm)) and retained for person approved by the Commission or inspection by the Commission for an Agreement State to perform the three years after it is made.
analysis.
(d) Any test conducted pursuant (d) Any test conducted pursuant to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this to paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section which reveals the presence section which reveals the presence of 0.005 microcurie or more of of 185 Bq (0.005 microcuries) or removable radioactive material shall more of removable radioactive be considered evidence that the material shall be considered sealed source is leaking. The evidence that the sealed source is licensee shall immediately withdraw leaking. The licensee shall the equ M ent involved from use and immediately withdraw the equipment shall cause it to be decontaminated involved from use and shall cause it and repaired or to be disposed of, to be decontaminated and repaired or in accordance with Commission to be disposed of, in accordance regulations.
A report shall be with Commission regulations. A filed, within 5 days of the test, report shall be filed, within 5 days with the Director of Nuclear of the test, with the Director of Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S.
Nuclear Material Safety and Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Washington, D.C. 20555 describing Commission, Washington, D.C. 20555 the equipment involved, the describing the' equipment involved, test results, and the corrective the test results, and the corrective action taken. A copy of such report action taken. A copy of such report shall be sent to the Administrator shall be sent to the Administrator of the appropriate Nuclear of the appropriate Nuclear Regulatory Commission's Regional Regulatory Commission's Regional Office listed in Appendix D of Part Office listed in Appendix D of Part 20 of this chapter Standards for 20 of this chapter " Standards for Protection Against Radiation.
Protection Against Radiation."
(e) A sealed source which is not fastened to or contained in a radiographic exposure device shall have permanently attached to it a durable tag at least one (1) inch square bearing the prescribed radiation caution symbol in conventional colors, magenta or purple on a yellow background, and at least the instructions: Danger
-- Radioactive Material -- Do Not Handle -- Notify Civil Authorities if Found.
l i
P Section 34.26 Quarterly inventory.
Section 34.29 Quarterly inventory'.
Each licensee shall conduct a (a) Each licensee shall conduct quarterly physical inventory to a quarterly physical inventory to i
account for all sealed sources account for all sealed sources i
received and possessed under this received and possessed:under this license. The records of the license.
inventories shall be maintained for three years from the date of the (b) The licensee shall inventory for inspection by' the maintain records of the quarterly i
Commission, and shall include the inventory in accordance with 534.69.
quantities and kinds of byproduct material, location of sealed sources, and the date of the inventory.
L Section 34.27 Utilization logs.
See S34.71
'I Each licensee shall maintain' i
current logs, which shall be kept f
available for three years _from the date of the recorded event, for inspection by the Commission, at the address specified in the license, showing for each sealed source the following information:
(a) A description.(or make and model number) of the radiographic exposure device or storage container in which the sealed source is located; (b) The identity of the radiographer to whom assigned; and (c) The plant or site where l
used and dates of use, j
Section 34.28 Inspection and Section 34.31 Inspection and l
maintenance of radiographic exposure maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers', and devices, storage containers, 1
source changers.
associated equipment, and source changers.
(a) The licensee shall check (a) The licensee shall visually l
for obvious defects in radiographic check for obvious defects in exposure devices, storage radiographic exposure devices, containers, and source changers storage containers, associated l
prior to use each day the equipment equipment, and source changers prior is used.
to use each day the equipment is used to ensure that the equipment is in good working condition and that required labeling is present.
If defects are found, the equipment j
must be removed from service until i
i
1 I
i i
repaired, and a record must be made in accordance with S34.73.
(b) The licensee shall conduct (b) Each licensee shall have a a program for inspection and program for inspection and routine j
maintenance of radiographic exposure maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, and devices, source changers, associated source changers at intervals not to equipment and storage containers at exceed three months or prior to the intervals not to exceed 3 months and first use thereafter to ensure prior to the first use thereafter to proper functioning of components ensure the proper functioning of i
important to safety. The licensee components important to safety.
shall retain records of these Records of these inspection and inspections and maintenance for maintenance performed must be made three years.
in accordance with S34.73.
If l
defects ~are found, the equipment must be removed from service until repaired, and a record must be made in accordance with S34.73.
t (c) Each exposure device using DU shielding and an "S" tube configuration shall be periodically.
tested for depleted Uranium contamination. This test could be performed by the licensee using l
available test kits or the exposure device could be returned to the manufaci,eer for such testing. This i
test shall bc undertaken at intervals not to exceed 12 months and should such testing reveal the presence of DU contamination, the exposure device must be removed from use and arrangements for proper disposal in accordance with 10 CFR part 61 must be made.
Section 34.29 Permanent radiographic Section 34.33 Permanent radiographic installations, installations.
(a) Permanent radiographic (a) Permanent radiographic installations having high radiation installations shall have high area entrance-controls of the types radiation area entrance controls of described in Section the types described in 20.203(c)(2)(ii), (2)(111), or (4)
S20.1601(a)(2),(a)(3), or (b) of of this chapter shall also meet the this chapter and shall also meet the following special requirement.
following special requirements.
(b) Each entrance that is used (b) Each entrance that is used for personnel access to the high for personnel access to the high' radiation area in a permanent radiation area in a permanent radiographic installation to which radiographic installation to which 1
this section applies shall have both this section applies shall have both i
.m
visible and audible warning signals visible and audible warning signals to warn of the presence of to warn of the presence of radiation. The visibie signal shell radiation. The visible signal shall be actuated by radiation whenever be actuated by radiation whenever the source is exposed. The audibla the source is exposed. The audible signal shall be actuated when an signal shall be actuated when an attempt is made to enter the attempt is made to enter the installation while the source is installation while the source is exposed.
exposed.
(c) The alarm system must be (c) The alarm system must be tested at intervals not to exceed tested for proper operation at three months or prior to the first intervals not to exceed 3 months and use thereafter of the source in the the beginning of each day of installation. The licensee shall equipment use. The daily test shall retain records of these tests for include a check of the visible and three years.
audible signals by a crank out of the exposure device prior to use of the room.
If a control device or alarm is operating improperly, it shall be immediately labeled as defective and repaired oefore industrial radiographic operations are resumed. Test records shall be maintained in accordance with S34.75.
REPORTING Section 34.30 Reporting See S34.101 requirements.
(a) In addition to the reporting requirements specified under other sections of this chapter, each licensee shall provide a written report to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Division of Industrial and Medical Nuclear Safety; Medical, Academic and Commercial Use Safety Branch; Washington, DC 20555, with a copy to the Director, Office for Analysis and Evaluation of Operational Data, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555, within 30 days of the occurrence of any of the following incidents involving radiographic equipment:
(I) Unintentional disconnection of the source rsembly from the control cable.
(2) Inability to retract the source assembly to its fully 4
i
- ?
shielded position and secure it in l
this position.
(3) Failure of any component (critical to safe operation of the device) to properly perform its l
intended function.
(b) The licensee shall include the following information in each report submitted under paragraph (a) j of this section-e (1) A description of the
[
equipment problem.
I (2) Cause of each incident, if 1
known.
I (3) Manufacturer and model i
number of equipment ' involved in the j
incident.
(4) Place, time and date of the i
incident.
l (5) Actions taken to establish normal operations.
(6) Corrective actions taken or j
planned to prevent recurrence.
1 (7) Qualifications of personnel involved in the incident.
1 (c) Reports of overexposure submitted under 10 CFR 20.405 which involve failure of safety components 1
of radiography equipment must also 1
include the information specified in
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paragraph (b) of this section.
1 a
)
See 534.23-Section 34.35 Labels, storage, and c
transportation precautions.
(a) Labels.
(1) The licensee may not.use a'-
l source changer or container to store licensed material unless the source '
changer or.the container has-securely attached to it =a durable,
-legible, and clearly visible label.
The. label must contain the radiation-symbol specified in $20.1904 of this chapter and the wording i
CAUTION (OR DANGER)
RADI0 ACTIVE MATERIAL--D0 NOT HANDLE NOTIFY. CIVIL AUTHORITIES (OR NAME OF-l COMPANY) i 1
(2) The licensee may not j
transport licensed material unless
. j i
-lu l
~.
the material is packaged, labeled, marked, and accompanied with appropriate shipping papers in accordance with regulations set out in 10 CFR Part 71, including documentation of the QA program requirements outlined in S71.105.
(b) Security precautions during storage and transportation.
(1) Locked radiographic exposure devices and storage containers shall be physically secured to prevent tampering or removal by unauthorized personnel.
The licensee shall store licensed material in a manner which will minimize danger from explosion or fire.
(2) The licensee shall lock and physically secure the transport package containing licensed material in the transporting vehicle to prevent accidental loss, tampering, or unauthorized removal of the licensed material from the vehicle.
Subpart D -- Radiation Safety Requirements Section 34.41 Radiation Safety Officer.
The Radiation Safety Officer shall ensure that radiation safety activities are being performed in accordance with approved procedures and regulatory requirements in the daily operation of the licensee's program.
(a) The R50's qualifications shall include:
(1) completion of the training and testing requirements of S34.43(a); and (2) 2 years of documented experience in industrial radiographic operations, with at least 40 hours4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br /> of formal classroom training with respect to the oversight of radiation protection programs.
(b) The specific duties of the RSO include, but are not limited to, the following:
l (1) to establish and oversee operating, emergency, and ALARA procedures, and to review them regularly to ensure that the procedures are current and conform i
with these rules; (2) to oversee and approve all r
phases of the training program for radiographic personnel so that appropriate and effective radiation protection practices are taught; (3) to ensure that required radiation surveys and leak tests are performed and documented in 4
accordance with these rules, r
including any corrective measures when levels of radiation exceed established limits; (4) to ensure that personnel monitoring devices are calibrated and used properly by occupationally-exposed personnel, that records are kept of the monitoring results, and that timely notifications are made as required by S20.2203; and (5) to ensure that operations are conducted safely and to assume control and have the authority to institute corrective actions including stopping of operations when necessary in emergency situations or unsafe conditions.
Section 34.31 Training.
Section 34.43 Training.
(a) The licensee shall not (a) The licensee shall not permit any individual to act as a permit any individual to act as a radiographer until such individual:
radiographer until such individual:
(1) Has been instructed in the (1) Has been instructed in the subjects outlined in Appendix A of subjects outlined in S34.43(f) of this part; this part; (2) Has received copies of and (2) Has received copies of and instruction in NRC regulations instruction in NRC regulations contained in this part and in the contained in this part; in 530.7, applicable sections of Parts 19 and 30.9, and 30.10; and in the 20 of this chapter, NRC license (s) applicable sections of Parts 19, 20,.
under which the radiographer will and 71 of this chapter, in 49 CFR perform radiography, and the Part 173, in the NRC license (s) licensee's operating and emergency under which the radiographer will procedures; perform radiography, and the
licensee's operating and emergency procedures; (3) Has demonstrated competence (3) Has demonstrated competence to use the licensee's radiographic to use the licensee's radiographic exposure devices, sealed sources, exposure devices, sealed sources, related handling tools, and survey related handling tools, and survey instruments; and instruments; and (4) Has demonstrated (4) Has demonstrated understanding of the instructions in understanding of the instructions in this paragraph (a) by successful this paragraph (a) by successful completion of a written test and a completion of a written test and a field examination on the subjects field examination on the subjects covered.
covered in S34.43(f).
(b) The licensee shall not (b) The licensee shall not permit any individual to act as a permit any individual to act as a radiographer's assistant until such radiographer's assistant until such individual:
individual:
(1) Has received copies of and (1) Has received copies of and instruction in the licensee's instruction in NRC regulations operating and emergency procedures; contained in this part; in S30.7, 30.9, and 30.10; and in the applicable sections of Parts 19 20 and 71 of this chapter, in 49 CFR i
Part 173, in the NRC license (s) under which the radiographer will perform radiography, and the licensee's operating and emergency procedures; (2) Has demonstrated competence (2) Has demonstrated competence to use, under the personal to use, under the personal supervision of the radiographer, the supervision of the radiographer, the radiographic exposure devices, radiographic exposure devices, sealed sources, related handling sealed sources, related handling tools, and radiation survey tools, and radiation survey instruments that the assistant will instruments that the assistant will use; and use; and (3) Has demonstrated (3) Has demonstrated understanding of the instructions in understanding of the instructions in this paragraph (b) by successfully this paragraph (b) by successfully 1
completing a written or oral test completing a written or oral test l
and a field examination on the and a field examination on the subjects covered.
subjects covered.
(c) The licensee shall provide periodic training for radiographers and radiographer's assistants at least once during each calendar year.
(d) The licensee shall conduct a semi-annual inspection program of the job performance of each radiographer and radiographer's assistant to ensure that the Commission's regulations, license
requirements, and the applicant's operating and emergency procedures are followed. The inspection program must:-
(1) Include observation of the performance of each radiographer and radiographer's assistant during an actual radiographic operation at.
intervals not to exceed 6 months; and (2) Provide that, if a radiographer or a radiographer's assistant has not participated in a radiographic operation for more than 3 months since the last inspection, that individual's performance must be observed and recorded the next time the individual participates in.
l a radiographic operation.
(c) Records of the above (e) The licensee shall maintain training, including copies of records of the'above training to.
written tests and dates of oral include written, oral and field
'l tests and field examinations, shall examinations, periodic training, and be maintained for three years.
semi-annual inspections of job performance in accordance with 534.79.
See Appendix A (f) The licensee shall include the following~ subjects in the j
training required in' paragraph
-(a)(1) of this section:
(1). Fundamentals of radiation safety including --
i (i) Characteristics. of gamma radiation;
{
(ii) Units of radiation dose and quantity of radioactivity;.
-i (iii) Hazards of exposure to radiation;.
i (iv) Levels of radiation from.
licensed material; and (v) Methods of controlling radiation dose (time, distance,.and shielding);.
i (2). Radiation detection instruments including - -
(1) Use, operation,.
calibration,. and limitations of.
I radiation survey instruments; j
(ii)-Survey techniques; and (iii) Use of personnel monitoring equipment; i
i l
(3) Equipment to be used including --
(i) Operation and control of radiographic exposure equipment, remote handling equipment, and i
storage containers, including pictures or models of _ source assemblies (pigtails).
(ii) Storage, control, and disposal of licensed material; and _
(iii) Maintenance of equipment.
(4) The requirements of pertinent Federal regulations; and.
l (5) Case histories of accidents in radiography.
l Section 34.32 Operating and Section 34.45 Operating and emergency procedures.
emergency procedures.
The licensee shall retain a copy of current operating and emergency procedures as a record i
until the Commission terminates the t
license that authorizes the activity for which the procedures were i
developed and, if superseded, retain the superseded material for three years after each change. These (a) Operating and emergency.
procedures must include instructions procedures must include instructions in-at least the following:
in at least the following:
i (a) The handling and use of-(1) The handling and use of licensed sealed sources and licensed sealed sources and.
radiographic exposure devices to be radiographic exposure devices to be employed such that no person is employed such that no person is likely to be exposed to radiation likely to be exposed to radiation ~
doses in excess of the limits doses in excess.of the. limits.
established in Part 20 of this established in Part 20 of this charter Standards for Protection-chapter " Standards for Protection Against Radiation;
Against. Radiation";
(b) Methods and occasions for (2) Methods and occasions for conducting radiation surveys; conducting radiation' surveys; (c) Methods for controlling (3) Methods for controlling access to radiographic areas; access to radiographic areas; (d) Methods and occasions for-(4)' Methods and occasions'for locking and securing radiographic locking and securing radiographic i
exposure devices, storage containers exposure devices, storage containers and sealed sources; and sealed sources; i
.(e) Personnel monitoring' and '
(5). Personnel monitoring and the use of personnel monitoring the use of personnel monitoring equipment; equipment;
.j
i (f) Transporting sealed sources (6) Transporting sealed sources to field locations, including to field locations, including packing of radiographic exposure packing of radiographic exposure i
devices and storage containers in devices and storage containers in 1
the vehicles, posting of vehicles the vehicles, placarding of and control of the sealed sources vr.hicles, when needed, and control i
during transportation; of the sealed sources during
-j transportation, (refer to 49 CFR i
Part 173);
i (g) Minimizing exposure of j
persons-in the event of an accident;
~
(h) The procedure for notifying proper persons in the event of an j
accident; and 8
(i) Maintenance of records.
(j) The inspection and (7) The inspection and i
maintenance of radiographic exposure maintenance of radiographic exposure devices and storage containers.
devices and storage containers; (k) Steps that must be taken (8) Steps that must be taken immediately by radiography personnel immediately by radiography personnel i
in the event a pocket dosimeter is in the event a pocket dosimeter is i
found to be off-scale, found to be off-scale; (1) The procedure (s) for (9) The procedure (s) for i
identifying and reporting defects identifying and reporting defects i
and noncompliance, as required by and noncompliance, as required by Part 21 of this chapter.
Part 21 of this chapter; (10) The procedure.for i
notifying proper persons in the event of an_ accident; i
(11) Minimizing exposure of j
persons in the event of an accident; j
(12) Source recovery procedure j
if licensee will perform source i
recovery; and l
(13) Form of records.
l l
(b) The licensee shall i
maintain copies of current operating i
and emergency procedures in l
accordance with S34.81.
' Section 34.33 Personnel monitoring.
Section 34.47 Personne1' monitoring.
(a) The licensee may not permit (a) The licensee shall not I'
any individual to act as a permit any individual to act as a radiographer or a radiographer's radiographer or_a radiographer's assistant unless,- at all times assistant unless, at all times' during radiographic operations, each during radiographic operations, each-such individual wears a direct such individual wears a direct reading pocket dosimeter, an alarm reading pocket dosimeter, an alarm -
ratemeter, and either a film badge ratemeter, and either a film badge
-i or a thermoluminescent dosimeter or a thermoluminescent (TLD) except that for permanent dosimeter (TLD) except that-for radiography facilities where other permanent-radiography facilities' l
i
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appropriate alarming or warning where other appropriate alarming or devices are in routine use, the warning devices are in routine use, wearing of an alarming ratemeter is the wearing of an alarming ratemeter not required.
Pocket dosimeters is not required.
Pocket dorimeters must have a range from zero to at shall have a range from zero to 2 least 200 milliroentgens and must be millisieverts (200 millirems) and recharged at the start of each shall be recharged at the start of shift.
Each film badge and TLD must each shift.
In cases where the be assigned to and worn by only one exposure will be greater than 2 individual.
millisieverts (200 millirems) an exemption must be applied for to use a pocket dosimeter with a higher endpoint.
Each film badge and TLD shall be assigned to and worn by only one individual.
Film badges and TLDs must be replaced at least monthly. After replacement, each film badge or TLD must be promptly processed.
(b) Pocket dosimeters must be (b) Pocket dosimeters must be read and exposures recorded daily.
read and the exposures recorded at The licensee shall retain each the beginning and end of each shift, record of these exposures for three and records shall be maintained in years after the record is made, accordance with S34.83.
(c) Pocket dosimeters shall be (c) Pocket dosimeters shall be checked at periods not to exceed one checked at periods not to exceed 12 year for correct response to months for correct response to radiation. Acceptable dosimeters radiation, and records shall be shall read within plus or minus 30 maintained in accordance with percent of the true radiation S34.83. Acceptable dosimeters shall exposure.
read within plus or minus 30 percent of the true radiation exposure.
(d) If an individual's pocket (d) If an individual's pocket dosimeter is discharged beyond its dosimeter is found to be off-scale, range, his film badge or TLD shall and the possibility of radiation be immediately sent for processing.
exposure cannot be ruled out as the cause, his film badge or TLD shall be immediately sent for processing.
In addition, the individual shall not work with licensed material until a determination of his radiation exposure has been made.
This determination shall be made by the RSO or his/her designee.
The results of this determination must be included in the records maintained in accordance with S34.83.
(e) If a film badge or TLD is lost or damaged, the worker shall t
cease work immediately until a replacement film badge or TLD is-provided and the exposure.is calculated for the time period from r
issuance to loss or damage of the film badge or TLD.
(e) Reports received from the (f) Reports received from the film badge or TLD processor must be film badge or TLD processor must be retained for inspection until the retained in accordance with 534.83.
Commission terminates each license that authorizes the activity that is subject to the recordkeeping requirement.
(f) Each alarm ratemeter must --
(g) Each alarm ratemeter must (1) Be checked to ensure that (1) Be checked to ensure that l
the alarm functions properly the alarm functions properly 1
(sounds) prior to use at the start (sounds) prior to use at the start l
of each shift; of each shift; (2) Be set to give an alarm (2) Be set to give an alarm signal at a preset dose rate of 500 signal at a preset _ dose rate of 5 mR/hr.;
mSv/hr (500 mrem /hr); with an accuracy of plus or minus 20 percent-of the true radiation dose rate.
(3) Require special means to (3) Require special means to change the preset alarm function; change the preset alarm function; l
and and (4) Be calibrated at periods (4) Be calibrated at periods not to exceed one year for correct not to exceed 12 months for correct _
i i
response to radiation: Acceptable response to' radiation. The licensee-ratemeters must alarm within plus or shall. maintain records of alarm minus 20 percent of the true ratemeter calibrations in accordance radiation dose rate.
with S34.83.
l PRECAUTIONARY PROCEDURES IN RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS l
Section 34.41 Security.
Sec 534.51 l
h During each radiographic operation the radiographer or radiographer's assistant shall maintain a direct surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized _ entry into a high radiation area, as defined in Part j
20 of this chapter, except (a) where the high radiation-area is equipped d
with'a control _ device or an alarm l
system as described in Section i
I
=
D
I 20.203(c)(2) of this chapter, or (b) where the high radiation area is locked to protect against unauthorized or accidental j
entry.
Section 34.42 Posting.
See 534.53 l
- l Notwithstanding any provisions in Section 20.204(c) of this chapter, areas in which radiography i
is being performed shall be conspicuously posted as required by Section 20.203(b) and (c)(1) of this chapter.
Section 34.43 Radiation surveys.
34.49 Radiation surveys.
l The licensee shall ensure that:
The licensee shall:
(a) At least one calibrated and (a) Maintain at least one operable radiation survey instrument calibrated and operable radiation is available at the location of its survey instrument that meets the radiographic operations whenever requirements of 534.25 at each j
radiographic operations are being location of its radiographic performed, and-at the-storage area, operations whenever radiographic j
as defined in.Section 34.2, whenever operations are being performed, a radiographic exposure device, a including a source exchange, and at i
storage container, or source is the storage area, as defined in-being placed in storage.
S34.3, whenever a radiographic exposure device, a storage container, or source is being placed-in storage.
(b) A survey with a calibrated
-(b) Conduct a survey of the l
and operable radiation survey camera with a radiation survey instrument is made after each instrument after each exposure to exposure to determine that the determine that the sealed source has sealed source has been returned to been returned to its shielded i
its shielded position. The entire position.
circumference of the radiographic exposure device must-be surveyed.
If the radiographic exposure device has a source guide tube, the survey i
must include the guide tube.
t t
(c) Conduct a survey as you t
approach the guide tube prior to exchanging films,. repositioning _the collimator, or dismantling i
equipment.
1
-_.m.
s
1 (c) A survey with a calibrated (d) Conduct a survey with a l
and operable radiation survey radiation survey instrument any time instrumer.t is made at any time a the source is exchanged and whenever radiographic exposure device is a radiographic exposure device is placed in a storage area, as defined placed in a storage area, as defined l
in Section 34.2, to determine that in 534.3, to determine that the l
the sealed source is in its shielded sealed source is in its shielded t
position. The entire circumference position.
of the radiographic exposure device must be surveyed.
j (d) A record of the storage (e) For recordkeeping survey required in paragraph (c) of requirements see 534.85.
this section is made and is. retained for three years when that storage survey is the last one performed in the work day.
See 534.41 Section 34.51 Security.
During each radiographic operation the radiographer or radiographer's assistant shall maintain a continuous direct visual I
surveillance of the operation to protect against unauthorized entry into a high radiation area, as defined in Part 20 of this chapter, except (a) where the high radiation area is equipped with a control device or an alarm system as i
described in S20.1601(a)(1), (a)(2),
or (a)(3) of this chapter, or (b) where the high radiation area is l
locked to protect against unauthorized or accidental entry.
See 534.42 Section 34.53 Posting.
[
Notwithstanding any provisions j
in 520.1903 of this chapter, areas in which radiography is being performed shall be conspicuously posted as required by 520.1902(a)-
j and (b) of this chapter.
Section 34.44 Supervision of Section 34.55 Supervision of l
radiographers' assistants.
radiographers' assistants.
Whenever a radiographer's Whenever a radiographer's i
assistant uses radiographic exposure assistant uses radiographic exposure devices, uses sealed sources or devices, uses sealed sources or r
t h
n,
related source handling tools, or related source handling tools, or conducts radiation surveys required conducts radiation surveys required by Section 34.43(b) to determine by S34.49(b) to determine that the that the sealed source has returned sealed source has returned to the to the shielded position after an shielded position after an eLyosure, exposure, he shall be under the the assistant shall be under the personal supervision of a personal supervision of a radiographer. The personal radiographer. The personal supervision shall include: (a) The supervision shall include: (a) the radiographer's personal presence at radiographer's personal presence at the site where the sealed sources the site where the sealed sources are being used, (b) the ability of are being used, (b) the ability of the radiographer to give imediate the radiographer to give imediate assistance if required, and (c) the assistance if required, and (c) the radiographer's watching the radiographer's watching the assistant's performance of the assistant's performance of the operations referred to in this operations referred to in this section.
section.
Section 34.57 Requirements or radiographic operations conducted outside of a permanent radiographic installation.
Whenever radiography will be performed outside of a permanent radiographic installation the radiographer must be accompanied by another qualified radiographer or an individual with, at least, the qualifications of a ramgrapher's assistant, who is observing the operations and is capable of providing imediate assistance to prevent unauthorized entry.
Radiography may not be performed if only one qualified individual is present.
EXEMPTIONS Section 34.51 Applications for See S34.111 exemptions.
The Comission may, upon application by any licensee or upon its own initiative, grant such exemptions from the requirements of the regulations in this part as it determines are authorized by law and will not result in undue hazard to life or property.
1
APPENDIX A See 534.43(f) 1.
Fundamentals
)
of Radiation Safety A.
Characteristics of gamma radiation.
B.
Units of radiation dose (mrem) and quantity of radioactivity (curie).
C.
Hazards of exposure to radiation.
D.
Levels of radiation from licensed material.
E.
Methods of controlling radiation dose:
1.
Working time.
2.
Working distances.
3.
Shielding.
II.
Radiation Detection Instrumentation To Be Used A.
Use of radiation survey instruments:
1.
Operation.
2.
Calibration.
3.
Limitations.
B.
Survey techniques.
C.
Use of personnel monitoring equipment:
1.
Film badges and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's).
2.
Pocket dosimeters.
3.
Alarm ratemeters III.
Radiographic Equipnent To Be Used A.
Remote handling equipment.
B.
Radiographic exposure devices.
C.
Storage containers.
IV.
Inspection and Maintenance Performed by the Radiographers V.
Case Histories of Radiography Accidents
- END OF DOCUMENT ***
APPENDIX A See 534.43(f)
I.
Fundamentals of Radiation Safety A.
Characteristics of gamma radiation.
B.
Units of radiation dose (mrem) and quantity of radioactivity (curie).
C.
Hazards of exposure to radiation.
D.
Levels of radiation from licensed material.
E.
Methods of controlling radiation dose:
1.
Working time.
2.
Working distances.
3.
Shielding.
II.
Radiation Detection Instrumentation To Be Used A.
Use of radiation survey instruments:
1.
Operation.
2.
Calibration.
3.
Limitations.
B.
Survey techniques.
C.
Use of personnel monitoring equipment:
1.
Film badges and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's).
2.
Pocket dosimeters.
3.
Alarm ratemeters III.
Radiographic Equipment To Be Used A.
Remote handling equipment.
B.
Radiographic exposure devices.
C.
Storage containers.
IV.
Inspection and Maintenance Performed by *t.e Radiographers V.
Case Histories of Radiography Accidents
- END OF DOCUMENT ***
Subpart E -- Records Section 34.61 Specific License for
)
radiography.
Each licensee shall maintain a copy of their license that meets the requirements of 534.13 until the Commission terminates the license.
Section 34.63 Records of receipt and transfer of sealed sources.
(a) Each licensee shall maintain records showing the receipts and transfers of sealed sources.
(b) These records shall include the date, the individual making the record, the radionuclide, number of curies, and make, model, and serial number of each sealed source and device, as appropriate.
(c) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a) of this section for 3 years after the record is made.
Section 34.65 Records of radiation survey instruments (a) Each licensee shall maintain records of the calibrations of their radiation survey instruments.
(b) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a) of this section for 3 years after the record is made.
Section 34.67 Records of leak testing and replacement of sealed sources (a) Each licensee shall maintain records of leak test results in units of Becquerels (curies).
(b) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a) of this-section for 3 years after the record is made.
Section 34.69 Records of quarterly inventory
(a) Each licensee shall maintain records of the quarterly inventory.
(b) The record shall include the quantities and kinds of byproduct material (including the model numbar, the serial number and manufacturer), location of sealed sources, the name of the individual conducting the inventory, and the date of the inventory.
(c) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph' (a) of this section for 3 years after the record is made.
See 534.27 Section 34.71 Utilization logs (a) Each licensee shall maintain current utilization logs at the address specified in the license, showing for each sealed source the following information:
(1) A description, including the make, model number, and serial number of the radiographic exposure device or storage container in which the sealed source is located; (2) The identity and signature of the radiographer to whom assigned; and (3) The plant or site where used and dates of use, including the dates removed and returned to storage.
(b) The licensee shall retain the logs required by paragraph (a) of this section for 3 years after the log is made.
Section 34.73 Records of inspection and maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, associated equipment, and source changers (a) Each licensee shall maintain records of inspection and maintenance of radiographic exposure devices, storage containers, associated equipment, and source changers.
(b) The record shall include the date of check, name of
inspector, equipment involved, any defects found, and repairs made.
(c) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a) of this section for 3 years after the record is made.
Section 34.75 Records of permanent radiographic installations (a) Each licensee shall maintain records of alarm system tests.
(b) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a) of this section for 3 years after the record is made.
See S34.31(c)
Section 34.79 Records of training (a) Each licensee shall maintain records of training of each radiographer and each radiographer's assistant, to include copies of written tests, dates of oral tests, and field examinations.
(b) Each licensee shall maintain records of periodic training for each radiographer and each radiographer's assistant. The records must list the topics discussed, the dates of the reviews, and the attendees.
(c) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section for 3 years after the record is made.
Section 34.81 Copies of operating and emergency procedures (a) Each licensee shall maintain a copy of current operating and emergency procedures.
(b) The licensee shall retain the records until the Commission terminates the license.
(c) If procedures are superseded the licensee shall retain the superseded material for 3 years i
after each change.
Section 34.83 Records of personnel monitoring (a) Each licensee shall maintain records of daily exposures recorded from pocket dosimeter 5
readings and yearly operability checks.
(b) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a) of this section for 3 years after the record is made.
(c) Each. licensee shall maintain records of reports received from the film badge or TLD processor.
(d) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (c) until the Commission terminates the license.
Section 34.85 Records of radiation surveys (a) Each licensee shall maintain records of exposure device surveys when it is the last one performed in the work day and prior to placing the device in storage.
(b) The licensee shall retain the records required by paragraph (a) of this section for 3 years after the record is made.
See 534.4 Section 34.87 Form of records Each record required by this part must be legible throughout the specified retention period. The record may be the original or a reproduced copy or a microform provided that the copy or microform is authenticated by authorized personnel and that the microform is capable of reproducing a clear copy through out the required retention period. The record may also be stored in electronic media with the capability for producing legible, accurate, and complete records during the required retention period.
Records, such as letters, drawings, and specifications, must include all pertinent information, such as stamps, initials, and signatures. The licensee shall maintain adequate safeguards against tampering with and loss of records.
Section 34.89 Documents and records required at field stations.
Each licensee shall maintain copies of the following documents and records at the field station:
(a) A copy of Parts 19, 20, and 1
34 of NRC r-egulations;
.(b) The license authorizing the use of licensed material;-
(c) Operating and emergency procedures required by 534.45; (d) The record of radiation l
survey instrument calibrations required by 534.65; (e) The record of leak test r
results required by 534.67; (f) Physical. inventory records required by S34.69; i
(g) Utilization records required by S34.71; (h) Records of inspection and maintenance required by 534.73; (i). Training records required i
by S34.79; and
~!
(j) Survey records required by 534.85.
Section 34.91 Documents and records required at temporary jobsites.
Each licensee conducting operations at a temporary jobsite shall maintain copies of the following documents and records at the temporary jobsite until the radiographic operation is completed:
(a) Operating and emergency i
procedures required by S34.45.
(b) Evidence of latest calibration of the radiation survey instruments in use at the site i
required by S34.65.
j (c) Latest survey records
~,
required by S34.85.
(d) The shipping papers for the transportation of radioactive materials required by 571.5 of this chapter; and (e) When operating under _
i reciprocity pursuant to S150.20 of.
this. chapter, a-copy of the Agreement State license authorizing l
use of licensed materials.
l Subpart F -- Notification of i
incidents l
t
See 534.30 Section 34.101 Notification of incidents.
(a) In addition to the reporting requirements specified in 530.50 and under other sections of this chapter, each licensee shall provide a written report to the U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission; Division of Industrial and Medical Nuclear Safety; Medical, Academic and Commercial Use Safety Branch; Washington, DC 20555, with a copy to the Director, Office for Analysis and Evaluation of Operational Data, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555, within 30 days.
of the occurrence of any of the following incidents involving radiographic equipment:
(1) Unintentional disconnection of the source assembly from the control cable.
(2) Inability to retract the source assembly to its fully shielded position and secure it in this position.
(3) Failure of any component (critical to safe operation of the device) to properly perform its intended function.
(b) The licensee shall include the following information in each report submitted under paragraph (a) of this section, and in each report of overexposure submitted under 10 CFR 20.2203 which involve failure of safety components of radiography equipment:
(1) A description of the equipmer.t problem.
(2) Cause of each incident, if known.
(3) Manufacturer and model number of equipment involved in the incident.
(4) Place, time and date of the incident.
(5) Actions taken to establish normal operations.
(6) Corrective actions taken or planned to prevent recurrence.
(7) Qualifications of personnel involved in the incident.
i I
l Subpart G -- Exemptions See 534.51 Section 34.111 Applications for exemptions.
The Commission may, upon application of any interested person or upon its own initiative, grant such exemptions from the requirements of the regulations in this part as it determines are i
authorized by law and will not 1
endanger life or property or the common defense and security and are
)
otherwise in the public interest.
j Subpart H -- Enforcement i'
Section 34.121. Violations.
(a) An injunction or other i
court order may be obtained to prohibit a violation of any provision of this i
part.
(b) A court order _may be obtained for the payment of a civil penalty imposed for violation of this part.
(c) Any person who willfully violates any provision of this part issued under section 161 b.,
i.- or
- o. of the Atomic Energy Act;of 1954, as amended, or the provisions cited in the authority citation at the..
beginning of this part may be guilty of a crime and, upon conviction, may-i be punished.by fine or-imprisonment, or both, as provided by law.
- END OF DOCUMENT ***
i l
i
CURRENT RULE STRAWHAN RULE LANGUAGE PART 34 -- LICENSES FOR RADIOGRAPHY PART 34 -- LICENSES AND RADIATION AND RADIATION SAFETY SAFETY REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS FOR RADIOGRAPHIC FOR RADIOGRAPHIC OPERATIONS OPERATIONS Subpart A -- General Provisions Sec.
Sec.
34.1 Purpose and scope.
34.1 Purpose and scope.
34.2 Definitions.
34.3 Definitions.
34.3 Applications for specific See 534.11 licenses.
34.5 Interpretations.
34.4 Maintenance of records.
See 534.87 34.8 Information collection 34.7 Information collection requirements: OMB approval.
requirements: OMB approval.
Subpart A -- Specific Licensing Subpart B -- Specific Licensing Requirements Requirements 34.11 Application for a specific license.
34.11 Issuance of specific licenses 34.13 Specific license for for use of sealed sources in radiography.
radiography.
Subpart B -- Radiation Safety Subpart C -- Equipment Requirements Equipment Control 34.20-Performance requirements for 34.20 Performance requirements for radiography equipment.
radiography equipment.
34.21 Limits on levels of radiation 34.21 Limits on levels of radiation for radiographic exposure devices for radiographic exposure devices and storage containers.
and storage containers, and source changers 34.22 Locking of radiographic 34.23 Locking and relocation of exposure devices, storage radiographic exposure devices, containers, and source changers.
storage containers, and source changers.
34.23 Storage precautions.
See 534.35 A-
--