ML20033A195

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Environ Conditions in Hampton-Seabrook Estuary & Surrounding Waters During Reported Lobster Mortalities in Seabrook Harbor,Oct-Nov 1977
ML20033A195
Person / Time
Site: Seabrook  
Issue date: 12/31/1977
From:
NORMANDEAU ASSOCIATES, INC.
To:
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NUDOCS 8111240888
Download: ML20033A195 (30)
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Text

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I ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE I

HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY AND SURROUNDING WATERS DURING REPORTED LOBSTER MORTALITIES I

IN SEABROOK HARBOR, OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 1977 I

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Prepared for PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE Manchester, New Hampshire i

I NORMANDEAU ASSor'ATES, INC.

Bedford, New umpshire i

December 1977 bt DO!K O k3 C

PDR

-. _. ~ _ _ _ _. _ _ _... _ _ _ _ _.

TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1 2.0 METHODS'.AND MATERIALS................

2 2.1 HISTORICAL DATA...................

2 2.1.1 Hydrogrsphic.....................

2 2.1.2 Coincidental Biological Occurrences.........

4 2.1.3 Bioassay Study....................

4 3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................

8 i

j 3.1 HISTORICAL DATA...................

8 1

3.1.1 Hyd rog ra p h i c.....................

8 3

4' 3.1.1.1 Water Temperature..................

8 3.1.1. 2 Salinity and Runoff Conditions............

11 3.1.1. 3 Dissolved Oxygen.....

11 i

E 3.1.2 Unusual Biological Occurrences............

15 3.2 BI0ASSAv STUDY....................

15 3.2.1 Hyd rog ra phi c Da ta..................

15 3.2.2 Ini tial Resul ts...................

17 4.0

SUMMARY

24 5.0 LITERATURE CITED...................

25 i

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LIST OF FIGURES PAGE 2.1-1.

Location of Public Service Company of New Hampshire barge site and selected hydrographic monitoring sta-tions.

Close-up of enclosed area is shown in Figure 2.1-2.

Seabrook Environmental Study,1977.....

3 2.1-J.

Seabrook Harbor at low tide with the following areas indicated: Stations 1, 2, 3 - sites of tur-I bidity samples taken during discharge operations; A - location of Seabrook lobstermen's live cars; B - Barge site; E - location of experimental water I

table and live car.

Seabrook Environmental Study, 1977.........................

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LIST OF TABLES PAGE 3.1 -1 CONTINU0US SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURE DATA FROM THE OFFSHORE INTAKE SITE. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY, 1977.........................

9 3;1-2 SELECTED DATA FROM HYDR 0 GRAPHIC STATIONS ALONG THE SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE C0AST IN OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER 1977. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY, 1977......

10 3.1-3.

APPR0XIMATE RAINFALL OF MAJOR STORMS IN THE NEW HAMP-SHIRE C0ASTAL AREA (BASED ON NOAA DATA FROM BOSTON, fMSSACHUSETTS AND PORTLAND, MAINE)*.

SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY,1977..............

12 3.1-4 PHYTOPLANKTON DENSITIES, CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRA-TIONS AND NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS FROM SELECTED DATES BETWEEN SEPTEMBER AND NOVEMBER 1977.

SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY,1977..............

13 3.1-5 MONTHLY CHLOROPHYLL DATA ( g/1) / ROM VARIOUS PERIODS OF STUDY IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROPOSED INTAKE SITE FOR SEABROOK STATION. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY, 1977..............

14 I

3.2-1 TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND CONDUCTIVITY DATA AT EXPERIMENTAL SITES OF LOBSTER MONITORING PROGRAM.

SEABROOK EtiVIRONMENTAL STUDY,1977..........

16 3.2-2 TURBIDITY DATA FROM SEABROOK HARBOR IN NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER 1977 WITH TIDE STAGE AND WIND CONDI-TION NOTED. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY, 1977...

18 3.2-3

SUMMARY

OF INITIAL RESULTS OF LOBSTER MORTALITIES IN EXPERIMENTAL TANKS. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY, 1977.....................

19 3.2-4 BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF IMPOUNDED LOBSTERS:

PRESUMPTIVE AND CONFIRMATORY TESTS FOR GAFFKEMIA.

I SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY,1977.

20 iii

x.__.___

.o I

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS IN THE HAMPTON-SEABROOK ESTUARY AND SURROUNDING WATERS I

DURING REPORTED LOBSTER MORTALITIES IN SEABROOK HARBOR, OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 1977 I

1.0 INTRODUCTION

High mortalities of the American lobster, Romarus americanus, stored in lobster cars in Seabrook Harbor, Seabrook, New liampshire, were reported to-have occurred on October 30 and 31, 1977. Since the cause of these deaths was not apparent, a study was initiated to examine the physical and biological parameters in the water occurring around the period of the reported nortalities. These data were compiled at the request of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission in order that they may establish the environmental conditions existing during that period.

Also reported are initial results of a lobster bioassay study which was established at the barge facility under construction by Public Service Company of New Ihtmpshire in Seabrook 11 arbor.

This special study was established to help ascertain if dredging activities at the barge site I

have an adverse effect on commercially confined lobsters.

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2 2.0 METHODS AtlD MATERIALS 2.1 HISTORICAL DATA 2.1.1 Hydrographic Physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the Hampton-Seabrook estuary and the adjacent open ocean have been con-tinuously monitored as part of the Seabrook Station environmental base-line studies carried o'It by Normandeau Associates, Inc. from 1969 to the I

present. Data routinely collected which are pertinent to this report are temperature, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Turbidity data were available from a special study in 1976 (NAI, 1976). Turbidity monitor-iag is also being conducted,.see Section 3.2.1.

Temperatures were continuousty monitored at NAI offshore stations (Figure 2.1-1) with NAI in situ temperature monitors consisting of Rustrak Model 2133 DC recorders with matched model 1332 thermistor probes. Samples from biweekly plankton and slack-water sarrays were used for laboratory determination of dissolved oxygen by azide modifi-cation of the Winkler Method (APHA, 1971) and of salinities by standard titratic.. methods (Strickland and Parsons, 1972) and with a Guildline "Autosal" precision laboratory salinometer. Estuarine turbidity meas-urements were made in a special four day study (NAI, 1976) in accordance with the EPA Methods Manual (1974).

Approximate rainfall data of major storms in the New Hampshire coastal area from October through November was examined. This informa-tion was extracted from NOAA reports from Boston, Massachusetts and Portland, Maine.

NOAA weather maps were used to determine wind velocity and direction. Measurements were made at 0700 EST and wind direction is described as the direction from which the wind was coming.

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Seabrook Environmental Study, 1977.

4

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2.1.2 Coincidental Biological Occurrences Because very high phytoplankton densities were obsened on November 4, a whole water sample was taken for examination.

Phyto-plankton species composition and density was determined using standard methods for nanoplankton studies.

Because of this unusual occurrence, certain samples from biweekly phytoplankton cruises prior to this occur-rence were also examined. These included data on tempereture, salinity, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a, phaeophytin and phytoplankton densi-ties.

Large mats of green " scum" were also reported by Seabrook lob-stermen to cover mud flat areas in Seabrook Harbor. Although this was I

not observed directly, it was likely mats of Enteromorpha spp. which are common to the Hampton-Seabrook estuary. A large mat of these green macroalgae was visible during this past summer on the clam flats between the Browns and Blackwater Rivers.

The occurrence of these algae was reported in the initial environmental studies in the narsh in 1969-1970

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(IIAI, 1971).

In that study Enteromorpha spp., along with other green

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algae, were listed as dominants in the estuarine littoral zone.

A sur-vey of " fouling" algae in the Hampton Beach Marina listed Enteromorpha spp. as the dominant algae based on biomass.

2.1.3 Bioassay Study _

t In order to ;aonitor the effects of construction activities at the barge site on the viability of confined lobsters, a special study was established. Fif ty one-pound lobsters were bought on November 22 from a local lobster pound (Sanders Lobsters, Portsmouth, New Hamp-shire). They were placed in a water table (4' x 12' x l' deep) located on the northwest corner of the Public Service Company barge site (Figure 2.1-2).

Seawater was pumped from the harbor by three submersible pumps; I

o two of f bottom (just below low water) and one floating subsurface next to the barge. On November 26, 1977 a clean lobster car was anchored 50' I

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..__. -.1: ~ __:_-L~._ ^ ^ ^ 6 I off the northwest corner and supplied with 29 freshly caught lobsters. On November 31, an additional 25 freshly caught lobsters were placed in I a lobster crate behind Pierce Island near the mouth of the Piscataqua 1 l River (approximately 12 miles north of this barge site) as a control. i Fif ty-five of the !!ampton !! arbor lobsters were banded for identification and tested for Gaffkya on November 29. This bacterium causes the disease known as Gaffkemia or " red-tail" in lobsters and in sufficient concentrations is lethal to lobsters. Fifty lobsters indi-l cating negative presumptive and/or negative gram stains of positive presumptive cultures, were divided (25 lobsters / location) between the water table and barge-site lobster car. The original 25 control lob-sters remained in the lobster crate in Portsmouth. The remaining lob-1 sters (24) were stored in a lobster car at the llampton Beach Marina. I Each station was checked daily for lobster deaths, water qual-ity and food intake. Dead lobsters were:

1) immediately removed; 2) tested for G. homari; 3) observed for siltation on the gills and 4) frozen for storage. Tests for the presence of G. homari were repeated on all lobsters on December 13 and will continue to be done every two weeks.

Water quality measurements were recorded regularly. Tempera-l ture, salinity and conductivity were measured by a Beckman Salinometer (Model RSS). Turbidity measurements along the barge site (Figure 2.1-2) I were taken during discharge operations, from Noventber 8 to 16. Turbid-ity measurements were reinitiated when the water tank was set up on I November 24. A turbidmeter ( liach Model 2100A) was used to measure turbidity in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU). Dissolved oxygen was measured both by an Orbisphere 0 meter (Model 2603) and the Winkler 2 Titration Method (Strickland and Parsons, 1962). I Lobsters were tested for G. homari as follows: five ml of hemolymph was drawn by sterile syringes from the ventral abdominal region of each lobster. This fluid was injected into 4.5 ml of culture medium as described by Stewart et al. (1969). The injected area of each lobster was previously swabbed with alcohol and the mouth of each cul-I

.a.. ..x I I 7 ture vial heated to prevent foreign bacterial contamination. An incu-bation time of 48 hours, at 28"C, was allowed. Those culture tubes showing a change in color, from blue to yellow, within the 48 hours were considered positive in the presumptive test. Confirmatory tests of all positive presumptive cultures con-sisted of the following procedures: inoculation of the presumptative test cultures on phenyl ethyl alcohol agar and blood agar; subculture from phenyl ethyl alcohol to blood agar, gram stain of the presumptive test cultures and coloniea on phenyl ethyl alcohol agar and blood agar; and the catalase test. Catalase negative, beta-hemolytic, pinpoint colonies of gram positive cocci occurring singly, paired or in tetrads but not in chains or grape-like clusters was taken as positive evidence c of infection of the lobster by G. homari (S tewart, 1969); all are required for positive evidence. A reference culture of G. homari (#6780) obtained from the University of New Hampshire Microbiology Department was used as a positive control for all procedures. I l I ( lI .I I I

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I 3.0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION l

1 3.1 HISTORICAL DATA l 3.1.1 Hydrographic 3.1.1.1 Water Temperature ] I t Continuous near-surface water temperature measurements at the l offshore intake site showed a gradual cooling trend throughout this entire period (Table 3.1-1). From a high of 56.8 F (daily maximum) on l October 2, temperatures slowly decreased to a lo'.7 of 50.0 F (daily maximum) and 48.8 F (daily minimum) on October 24. Then temperatures rose sharply for a few days (up to 54.0 F daily maximum on October 27) I at about the time of the lobster deaths. Through the rest of October l and into early November, temperatures decreased again. By November 12 4 { temperatures were similar to what they had been on October 24. Through the rest of~ November they decreased steadily down to 47.8 F (daily } maximum) and 44.7 F (daily minimum) on November 29. f Near-surface temperatures in the estuary followed a similar trend but actual data are incomplete because temperatures exceeded the j recorder range (30 to 50 F) for a longer time than was anticipated for j this time of year. On October 25 the daily minimum was 48.3 F, but then i l from October 26 to 30 all temperatures exceeded 50.0 F. From October 31 1 to November 10, the daily minimum temperatures ranged from 48.5 up to 50.0 F. These daily minimum temperatures were generally similar or as much as 2.2 F colder than comparable offshore conditions. { Data from selected hydrographic stations over this time period show essentially isothermal conditions from near-surface to near-bottom (Table 3.1-2). Surface conditions ranged from 54.5 to 47.3 P offshore j and 50.? to 42.6 F in Hampton Harbor. Near-bottom temperatures ranged 5 from 51.4 to 49.5 F offshore and 50.2 to 42.3 F in the estuary. At the i I i i i 0 1

=;- =:a = = =

=x.- .......-. = w y 9 TABLE 3.1-1. CONTINUOUS SUBSURFACE TEMPERATURE DATA FROM THE OFFSHORE INTAKE SITE. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY,1977. DATE DAILY DAILY DATE DAILY DAILY 1977 MAXIMUM MINIMUM 1977 MAXIMUM MINIMUM October 1 56.0 54.4 1:ovember 1 50.7 50.0 2 56.8 54.3 2 51.0 49.6 3 55.0 54.0 3 51.1 50.0 I 4 55.0 53.3 4 51.9 50.1 5 55.0 53.0 5 51.5 50.1 6 54.1 53.0 6 51.1 50.3 7 54.9 52.0 7 51.1 50.2 8 53.8 52.0 8 50.9 50.0 9 53.8 52.5 9 50.9 50.0 10 53.0 51.3 10 51.2 50.1 11 53.5 51.0 11 51.0 50.0 12 53.5 52.4 12 50.0 48.2 13 53.0 52.1 13 49.5 48.5 14 52.8 50.9 14 49.0 47.2 15 51.3 50.1 15 48.5 46.0 16 51.4 50.1 16 49.9 47.8 17 51.5 50.6 17 49.9 48.7 l 18 51.8 50.8 18 49.8 48.9 19 51.7 50.5 19 49.2 48.8 20 51.5 51.0 20 49.1 45.0 21 51.8 50.3 21 48.5 43.9 22 52.0 50.8 22 49.5 47.0 23 51.0 50.0 23 47.1 46.0 I 24 50.0 48.8 24 46.3 45.5 25 52.2 49.9 25 46.8 45.2 26 51.9 50.5 26 46.6 46.1 27 54.0 50.6 27 47.6 44.1 28 52.7 51.7 28 47.0 44.4 29 52.1 51.2 29 47.8 44.7 30 51.7 50.1 31 51.0 50.0 i ll I I

.=-.-.:.=:-_. I l ] 10 i TABLE 3.1-2. SELECTED DATA FROM HYDROGRAPHIC STATIONS ALONG THE SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE C0AST IN OCTOBER AND NOVEMBER 1977. SEARD.00K ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY, 1977. i I j OCT. 4, OCT. 19, OCT. 19, NOV. 2, NOV. 16, NOV. 16, i 1977 1977 1977 1977 1977 1977 LOW HIGH LOW HIGH WATER WATER WATER WATER wy Temp 50.2 50.7 42.6 48.9 b Salinity NS 21.9 30.8 NS 26.3 31.5 =$$ DO 8.0 8.9 8.8 S$ E @@eS Temp 50.2 50.5 42.3 48.9 Salinity NS 22.2 30.7 NS 26.2 31.5 ZS DO 8.0 8.9 8.8 w I M Temp 53.1 50.9 50.9 49.8 47.3 48.4 w { w[ k Salinity 31.7 30.9 29.9 30.6 30.9 31.0 { $M DO 8.4 10.1 11.5 9.0 8.9 ? =w e mx x l b$eS Temp 51.4 50.5 50.9 50.2 49.5 49.5 j O5$$ Salinity 32.2 31.4 31.7 31.7 32.0 31.6 Z" DO 7.6 8.6 8.7 8.3 9.0 4jl e w Temp 54.5 49.8 E W w { OE Salinity 27.7 US US 30.4 NS MS 5y DO 9.0 10.1 "o N x 1 E5eS Temp 51.4 50.2 i@$$ Salinity 32.1 NS MS 31.6 NS NS OyZC DO 7.9 9.1 i W 4 Q Temp 54.0 51.1 ll Salinity 31.7 US US 30.9 NS NS w !E y$ DO 9.2 11.0

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'- $ e S Temp 48.9 49.6 o l Salinity 32.2 MS NS 32.1 US NS i DO 7.5 6.4 4 l 1 I NS = Not part of the normal sampling scheme on that date; therefore, not sampled.

x. 11 i of fshore intake site by tJovember 16, 1977, there was a weak thermal inversion with slightly colder temperatures at the surface than at the l bottom. l 3.1.1.2 Salinity and Rur.off Conditions i Freshwater runoff has the greatest impact on local salinity i conditions in view of the "open ocean" nature of the waters of the I i i western Gulf of Maine. Major rainfall for this period is summarized in I 1 I Table 3.1-3. These data show a major rainy period from October 15 to 18 ( which resulted in approximately 2.65 inches of rainfall over the flew IIampshire coastal region, shortly before the lobster deaths were reported I to have occurred. l These runoff conditions resulted in the 21.9 to 22.2 foo low-water salinities in Itampton liarbor on October 19 (Table 3.1-2). Offil re salinities were also slightly lower than usual at this time (for example 29.9 /co on the surface at the offshore intake site during l l high water). On flovember 16 salinities in the estuary were also quite low (26.2 to 26.3 /oo). 3.1.1.3 Dissolved Oxygen Dissolved oxygen values (Table 3.1-2) were generally compar-able with data from previous years. In the estuary, values ranged from 8.0 to 8.9 mg/1. tiear-surface values from offshore ranged from 8.4 up to 10.1 mg/l (with the exceptions of high values on IIovember 2 of up to 11.5 mg/1). Ilear-bottom values were 7.5 to 9.1 mg/l (except for 6.4 mg/l off Rye liarbor on tiovember 2). I

., ~ _. . w. _.. :.. t i l 12 i t TABLE 3.1-3. APPROXIMATE RAINFALL OF MAJOR STORMS If1 THE flew HAMPSHIRE C0ASTAL AREA (RASED ON fl0AA DATA FROM BOSTON,fMSSACHUSETTS AND PORTLAND, MAINE)*. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY,1977. DATE,1977 AMOUNT, If4CHES October 2 1.46 3 0.13 10 1.33 15 0.58 16 0.21 17 0.90 18 0.96 November 9 1.55 g 10 0.68 j 14 0.10 1 4 16 0.52 18 0.32 22 0.09 24 0.08 25 0.10 December 1 0.25 2 1.09 l 7 0.23 i, { 10 0.47 !I i I i Excludes days with trace amounts of precipitation (less than 0.05 in). I l l

._m_-. !I 13 i TABLE 3.1-4. PHYTOPLANKTON DENSITIES, CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATIONS AND l NUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS FROM SELECTED DATES BETWEEN SEPTEMBER l AND NOVEMBER 1977. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY,1977. l SEPTEMBER 7, OCTOBER 4, NOVEMBER 1, 1977 1977 1977 'I STATION STATION STATION STATION STATION STATION 2* 5 2 5 2 5 PHYTOPLANKTON Chlorophyll a (mg/m ) 1.19 0.96 2.43 2.46 12.48 14.28 Phaeophyton 0.39 0.39 1.22 1.26 4.38 5.03 NUTRIFNTS (ug at m/1) l Nitrate <0.01 <0.01 0.02 0.02 <0.01 <0.01 i Nitrite <0.001 <0.001 0.004 0.003 <0.001 <0.001 Ammonia 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.05 Phosphorus 0.024 0.016 0.019 0.019 0.022 0.022 Orthophosphorus 0.016 C.010 0.016 0.020 0.014 0.019 i i Ii l OCTOBER 4, NOVEMBEP 1, NOVEMBER 4, 1977 1977 1977 ) STATION STATION STATION 2 2 5 PHYTOPLANKTON DENSITIES (Cells / liter) 6 Dominant Species 2.6 x 10 5.2 x 10 5.37 x 10 (Skeletonema (Olisthodiscus (Olisthodiscus costatum) luteus) luteus) 6 j Total Cell Count 2.37 x 10 5.5 x 10 5.41 x 10 !I !I i g Station 2 = Proposed intake location 3 Station 5 = Proposed discharge location l

I

T-] h TABLE 3.1-5. MONTHLY CHLOROPHYLL a CONCENTRATION DATA (pg/1) FROM VARIOUS PERIODS OF STUDY IN THE VICINIlY OF THE PROPOSED INTAKE SITE FOR SEABROOK STATION. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES, 1975-1976. I YEAR J F M A M J J A S 0 N D l 1976 1.1 0.6 7.8 1.5 3.9 0.9 j 1975 0.5 1.3 10.6 2.3 4.9 1.2 1.2 2.0 3.5 1.8 1.3 ll lvj 1974 1.2 1.2 2.3-5.8 2.3-2.8 2.3 0.4 1.3 5.7 7.0 2.5 7.0 1.4 e i 1973 0.4 0.8-1.3 0.7-2.2 1.0-2.8 0.6 4.5 1.4 1.3-2.5 i t: l

. ~ _. 15 3.1.2 Unusual Biological Occurrences Whole water samples of phytoplankton collected during this time were found to be dominated by the single-celled microflagellate (35 p diamcLers), Olisthodiscus luteus (Phylum Chrysophyta). Densities were found to slightly exceed the maximum found in Narragansett Bay (pers. comm., p. E. Hargraves). The density of O. luteus and total phyto-plankton (Table 3.1-4) on November 4 (5.37 x 10 cells /ml and 5.41 x 10 ~ cells /ml, respectively) was an order of magnitude greater than that found on November 1 (5.2 x 10 cells /ml and 5.5 x 10 cells /ml). The chlorophyll a levels (Table 3.1-4) found on November 1 (12.5 and 14.3 mg/m ) are the highest levels ever recorded by NAI during the Seabrook studies. The bimodal peaks characteristic of chlorophyll a in the open ocean and estuaries is exemplified in Table 3.1-5, indicating I that a fall bloom is expected, but not of this magnitude. These high phytoplankton densities probably accow for the "very dirty" appearance of the ocean surface reported by the lobstermen (Clyde Brown, pers, comm.) around the peri d of the reported lobster mortalities. 3.2 BI0 ASSAY STUDY 3.2.1 Hydrographic Data I Daily surface temperatures at each station showed a steady decline until December 5 (Table 3.2-1). Temperatures took a sudden dip (4.8 C to 1.7 C) on December 6 and steadily declined with the exception of the ebb tide measurements (December 7 and 9). In general, tempera-tures in the water table were lower than the adjacent lobster car temperatures, likely due to greater air exposure. The control station was consistently higher in temperature. I I

16 TABLE 3.2-1. TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND CONDUCTIVITY DATA AT EXPERIMENTAL SITES OF LOBSTER MONITORING PROGRAM. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY, 1977. TEMPERATURE SALINITY CONDUCTIVITY I ( C) (ppm) (Numbers) HAMPTON HAMPTON HAMPTON HARBOR PORTS. HARBOR PORTS. HARBOR PORTS. 5 d 5 d 5 d E@W 5$ u EW u BW u ea 85 En ee 8% 50 ea 8E 5 as so ou as _J u o u 3g .a u o I Nov 22 7.0 30.5 31.3 23 7.2 30.0 31.7 24 7.4 7.1 30.3 32.4 31.7 33.1 25 8.0 33.0 34.5 26 7.9 29.3 31.0 27 4.8 31.G 30.7 28 5.8 6.5 33.4 33.4 32.8 33.7 29 5.3 35.0 34.2 30 5.2 32.8 32.0 Dec 1 6.5 6.6 32.3 32.5 32.8 32.8 2 6.1 6.67 27.8 23.0 28.3 24.0 3 6.0 29.4 29.8 4 5.8 6.13 30.8 22.2 30.3 22.8 5 4.8 4.8 8.54 32.2 30.7 29.0 31.4 29.0 30.5 6 1.7 30.0 26.1 7 3.4 4.4 32.7 32.1 30.1 30.6 8 0.7 1.5 5.5 27.1 30.4 26.7 23.6 26.7 26.4 9 3.7 3.8 7.0 34.0 34.0 27.0 31.5 31.6 25.0 10 0.0 3.2 33.8 33.3 25.9 31.2 11 I 12 <0.0 4.97 38.4 31.3 28.8 31.3 13 1.8 5.17 35.0 30.3 32.0 30.3 14 <0.0 0.3 33.1 32.0 26.5 28.1 15 1.6 7.42 30.7 26.8 27.0 26.8 I Iobsters troved from barge site water table to Hampton Beach raarine lob-stor car due to freezir- ' water table equipment.

>~ ~- _ _, ~.. t-l l 17 From November 22 to the present, salinities (Table 3.2-1) have been fairly constant in Hampton Harbor with the exception of December 1 and 2 (27.8 and 29.4 o/oo) following heavy rains (Table 3.1-3), and December 12 and 13 (38.4 and 35.0 /oo) following extensive ice formation in the estuary. Salinities were generally lower at the con-l trol station and susceptible to sharp declines with fresh water runoff l l I (23.0 o/oo and 22.2 o/oo on December 2 and 4). l r \\ i Dissolved oxygen levels have consistently remained near the i saturation point at all stations throughout the experiment. ( i l i ( Turbidity samples taken previous to the lobster experiment at Stations 1-4 (Table 3.2-2) were not unusually high (maximum 2.9 NTU and minimum 0.2 NTU). Water table turbidities were consistently higher 1 (maximum 36.0 NTU and minimum 0.6 NTU). Correlations between wind I direction and velocity with turbidity are not evident in Table 3.2-2. However, it can be noted that the high turbidities on December 7 was a result of strong northwest winds causing a chop along the shore where the submersible pumps were located. On that date,. lobsters.in the tank and adjacent estuary were exposed to very high turbidities of 36 and 108 UTU's, respectively. Examination of data from a study of turbidity levels in the Hampton Harbor estuary (NAI, 1976) shows that the mean turbidity reading for the barge site on September 17, 1975 was 1.43 FTU's. After a northeast storm on October 18 to 21, 1975, the mean turbidity was 3.92 FTU's. The study indicated that turbidity was primarily related inversely to the stage of tide. During high tide, turbidity levels are low, whereas at low tide turbidity levels tend to increase. I 3.2.2 Initial Results Table 3.2-3 summarizes the number of deaths and the results of G. honari tests are summarized in Table 3.2-4 (all lobsters not listed I 1 NTU's are reported comparable to the previously reported FTU (Foramazin Turbidity Units) and JTU's (Jackson Turbidity Units) (U.S.E.P.A., 1974). i l

is 11 1e TABLE 3.2-2. TURBIDITY DATA FROM SEABROOK HARBOR IN NOVEMBER AND DECEMBER 1977 WITH TIDE STAGE AND WIND CONDITION HOTED. SEABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL STUDY, 1977. I WIND TURBIDITY (NTU) COMMENTS 0700 EST TIDE STAGE STA STA STA STA WATER FOR I DATE DIR VEL 1 2 3 4 TABLE BARGE SITE TURBIDITIES Nov 8 E 18 1.6 0.8 0.8 1.4 9 N 10 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.7 Discharging MLW-Ebb 10 S 10 1.2 1.1 0.5 0.6 Not discharging MLW-Ebb 11 SSW 10 2.5 2.8 2.9 1.7 Discharging MLW-Ebb I 12 SW 10 13 NNW 8 14 NW 15 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.4 Not discharging MLW-Flood I 15 SW 10 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 Discharging MLW-Flood 16 SSW 8 0.7 0.6 0.2 0.6 Not discharging MLW-Flood 17 SSW 8 18 SW 10 Discharging 19 SSW 5 Discontinued 20 WSW 10 Discontinued 21 S 10 Discontinued I 22 NW 10 Discontinued 23 N 10 Discontinued MLW-Flood j 24 H 8 1.4 Discontinued MLW-Flood 25 NW 8 0.6 Discontinued MHW-Flood 26 E 20 0.7 Discontinued MHW-Flood 27 W }8 5.4 Discontinued MHW-Flood 28 W 5 3.2 Discontinued MLW-Flood 29 N 8 1.6 Discontinued MLW-Ebb 30 N 5 1.4 Discontinued MLW-Ebb Dec 1 NE 13 1.2 Discontinued 2 SW 10 1.3 Discontinued MLW-Flood 3 SW 10 1.9 Discontinued MLW-Flood 4 W 10 1.3 Discontinued MLW-Flood I 5 1.5 Discontinued MLW-Slack 6 2.1 Discontinued MLW-Flood 7 NW 36.0** Discontinued MLW-Ebb 8 NW 4.2 Discontinued MLW-Ebb 9 Discontinued MLW-Ebb 10 Discontinued I 11 Discontinued 12 0.4* Discontinued 1 Uni-Flood 13 0./ Discontinued MHW-Slack 14 0.7 Discontinued MHW-Ebb I 15 1.5 Discontinued MLW-Slack l Unusually high turbidity: the estuary was 108 NTU, the three intake l hoses were 54, 150 and 228 NTU These measurements are from Hampton Beach tiarina.

. _ _ _. - ~.. _ _. _. _ _ _ - _. _. _.. _. _ _ _. _ _.. M M M M M M M M M M M M i i ~ l TABLE 3.2-3

SUMMARY

OF INITIAL RESULTS OF LOBSTER MORTALITIES IN EXPERIMENTAL TANKS. 3EABROOK ENVIRONMENTAL j STUDIES, 1977. TESTS FCR GAFFKEMIA 4 1 TOTAL NO. + PRESUMPTIVE N0. + CONFIRMATORY j SAMPLE LOBSTERS DATE OF 0F NO. OF NO. OF NO. OF N0. GILL PERIOD / SITE IN TANK DEATHS DEATHS DEAD ALIVE DEAD ALIVE CONDITION 1 j 11-22 to 12-9 Barge Site: Water Table 50 5 11/22,2,24(2),29 2 9 0 1 Generally clean; a few { Live Car 0 pieces of detritus, at I Ports. Live Car 0 base of gill filaments IIBM Live Car 0 t 12-6 to 12-10 i 4 I Barge Site: [ l Water Table 25 0 i Live Car 25 5 12/8(2),9(3) 4 0 1 0 4 very clean; 1 with mod-f l Ports. Live Car 25 0 erate amounts of detritua j HBM Live Car 12 0 i l 12-11 to 12-15* j Barge Site: i Water Table 0 0 l Live Car 25 4 12/4(2),15(2) 4 4

      • N.C.

N.C. All with small amounts Ports. Live Car 25 0 detritus t HDM Live Car 32** 12 12/13(10),14(1) 2 2 N.C. N.C. 11 with small amounts l detritus I l 1 with heavy silt / detritus f l and filaments with red dis-coloration All lobsters test for G. homari on 11-29 and 12-13-77 5 Lobsters moved from water table to HBM car i N.C. = Not Completed to date J b 9 k

M M M M M M M M M M M M M 1 TABLE 3. 2-4. BACTERIOLOGICAL STUDY OF Il1POUtiDED LOBSTERS: PRESUMPTIVE AND C0tlFIRMATORY TESTS FOR GAFFKEMIA. SEABROOK EINIR0ti!1 ENTAL STUDY, 1977. LCCSTER PRESLMPTIVE TEST PHENYLETHYL ALCCHOL BLOOD ACAR fCC;21TICN CULTURE SUSCULTURE OF P.T.C. SUSC"LTURE OF P.T.C. CONFIRMATORY CATE TESTED, M77 CCLCR GRAM STAIN COLONY GRAM STAIN COLCNY GRAM STAIN HEM 0 LYSIS CATALASE l regged 29xf77 pliaw Cram Unitives Sm111 greyish-white Pleomorphie; gram Sm.211 greyish Small gram p.sitive + not done (daa1, 11-291 small rods: diplo-after f., days much positivo rods (some translucent rods bacilli and chains larger than 6870 in chains) a few gram positisc cucci in tetrads 38 2 nI77 yellow Cram positive Cmall, greyish Cram positive cocci small greyish Cram positive cocci + (aliv., cocci in tetrads translucent in tetrads translucent in tetrads 11-29)3 46 yellow N 211 gram positive Medium greyish Gram positive small Heavy growth, Ssrall gram positive Somo Not done (alive, 11-29) rods: diplobacilli translucent short rods; many small rods I and chains diplobacilli 31 pale yellow A few gram positive Medium to large, Cram positive cocci Grey, large, noist Gram r.egativo rods Mot don l (alive, 11-29) rods opaque, white in grapolike clus-tors and tetreds small to tiny, same as above Small, cream Cram positivu cocci Not done greyish translucent in grapelike clustcrs 14 pale purple Cram negative N3t dono Not dono Large, grey, flat Gram negative rods

ot dono

{ alive,.1 - bacilli and cocci surface small, cream Cram positive cocci in grapelike clusters 44 pale purple large gram positive Not done Not done Not done Not dono Not done (altvo, 11-29) irregular " ovals" 20 rale darkish debris, gram nega-Not dcno Not done Not dono Not done Nat d0r.e (altvo, 11-29) purplo tive " ovals" 10 pale purple debris and gram Not done Not dono Not done Not done Not done (alive, 11-29) lositive rods 41 Pale yellow a few gram positive Small, cream, con-Cram positive cocci Largo, grey, noist, Pleomorphic gram Not dane (al ive, 11-29) with darki.;h coccia gram r.cga-vox in grapelike clus-conves negative rods tinge tive rods, gram ter p sitive rods, some in chains, gram negativo " ovals" M _O (Continued)

m M M M M M M M M M M M M M TASLE 3.2-4. (CONTINUED) LC3 STER PRESUMPTIVE TEST FHENYLETHYL ALCOHOL BLOOD AGAR (CC'CITICN CULTURE SC8 CULTURE OF P.T.C.1 SUCCULTURE OF P.T.C.1 CONFIR'4ATCRY DATE TESTED, 1977) CCLCR GRAM STAIN CCLONY GRAM STAIN COLONY GRAM STAIN HEMOLYSIS CATAlfSE 39 yellow with Gram negative No growth after 48 Mo growth after 48 K>t applicablo (died, 12-H darkish tinge " ovals" hours hours 48 yellow Cram positive cocci 5: tall translucent Cram rositive small, greyish, Gram positive cocci + (dcad, 12-9) mostly in pairs center raised with tetrads translucent, cenvex in pairs tetrads large gram positive flat edgo after 43 rods hours large, cream, con-Gram positive rods, + vox r.ho r t, redium, long 40 yellow A rnixture of gram Medium convex Flcomorphic, gram small, greyish, small, short gram + Not done (dead, 12-9) , negative and gram negative rod s translucent, con-positivo rods positive rods vex Small, convex Gram positive rods Medium, flat, Short gram negative Not done whito rods in short chains and pairs 52 yellow fat, chort, gram Medium, convex, Gram positive o/al, Small, translucent, Gram negative rods Not done (dead, 10-9) negative rods white irregular cocci convex, white Tres".tptive test ccit ui. 2 ' sed as a positivo control, Streptococcus pyogenes used as a negative control 3 sacrificed for gill sampics tJ W

i I l 22 il5 showed a negative presumptive test). Two lobsters out.'f the 50 origin-ally tested for G. homari were confirmed to have been infected by the bacteria. Eight other cultures indicated positive presumptive tests without positive confirmatory tests. Four of the first 50 lobsters bought from Sanders Lobster Pound died within two days of being placed in the water table. One other death, the last in the water table, occurred after seven days. 1 4 j The lobsters were removed from the water table to a lobster i j car in the Hampton Beach Marina on December 11 as a result of excessive ice formation within the table and water pumps. Nine of these lobsters } died immediately following the second testing of G. homari on December t l 14. Several lobsters autotomized their chelipeds during the air expo-sure time of the testing. I A. total of six lobsters have died in the lobster car. Five deaths occurred within two days of the excessive turbidity levels shown I The sixth death occurred shortly after the second assay in Table 3.2-2. for G. homari. The presence of G. homari was not confirmed in any of these individuals. Samples of gills appeared to be relatively heavily I silt-laden compared to all others examined. j There have been no deaths in the control station at the mouth of the piscataqua River. The recorded deaths of the " water table lobsters" are clumped in two time periods (Table 3.2-3). It is noted that the first group of deaths occurred following their placement in the water table. It is suggested that these lobsters were weakened by the period of air expo-I sure (5-6 hours) during transport from the lobster pound and the set-up of the culture system and became sisceptible to cannibalism. The second group of deaths took place in the Hampton Beach Marina lobstt: car immediately af ter being tested for G. homari on December 13. Exposure to subfreezing air temperatures (-15 C) during transport (20-25 ninutes) I I

_u u_ I 23 is believed to have caused crystalization of lobster body fluids and ultimately their death. The i. :tremely high turbidity leals on December 7 (Table 3.2-2) did not result in any deaths in the water table. Five of the total six deaths occ arring in the lobster car did, however, trans- , ire within two days following December 7. Confirmation of G. homari p in these animals has not been completed to date, however, only one indi-vidual showed relatively high amounts of sedimentation in its gills. The confirmation of G. homari present in two lobsters out of the 55 originally tested is not greater than the percentages found in the wild by various studies. Ninety-six lobsters out of a population of 2035 lobsters (almost 5%) captured in five areas off the Canadian coast were infected with G. homari in a study done by Stewart et al. (1969). I Their work strongly suggests that the bacterium is resident in all lob-ster populations, although at varying percentages (a range of 1.7-39.9%). Apparently, G. homari can exist as a free living organism, Goggins and IIurst (1960) were able to isolate Gaffkgia-like bacteria readily from mud samples from tidal ponds. Scrapings of mud and slime taken on December 2 from the area of the reported deaths were placed in presumptive test medium. The test procedure proved negative to the presence of G. i homari. More thorough studies of this nature will be carried out. I It is emphasized that this is only an interim report on the lobster bioassay. The design of such a study is limited in that simu-lation of the same environmental factors present at the time of the reported deaths is impossible.using the techniques described above. The present studies are continuing at the barge site in an attempt to ascertain immediately any adverse effects of the barge landing con-struction on confined lobsters. These studies will include monitoring of critical environmental parameters, condition of confined lobsters, and further tests for Gaffkyla homari. I I I

j 24 1 l 1 1 4.0

SUMMARY

1 i 1. Unusually high lobster mortalities were reported in live cars in Seabrook Harbor by lobstermen on October 30-31, 1977. 2. Maximum surface water temperatures in the area showed a rise to 54 F just prior to the lobster nortalities; maximum temper-atures during the week previous were around :51 F. S-3. A major rainfall (2.65 inches) occurred between 15 and 18 October, resulting in salinities (at low water) as low as 21.9 o/oo in IIampton Harbor. 4. Dissolved oxygen levels were normal except for unusually high I values (11.5 mg/1) offshore at the intake site on November 2 and unusually low values (6.4 mg/1) off Rye Harbor also on November 2. f 5. A phytoplankton bloom consisting of Olisthodiscus luteus j was detected during the first week of Govember and was likely I present during the reported lobster mortalities. Cell den-sities as high as 54 million cells / liter were recorded, giving surface wa ers a very low transparency. 1 l 6. Confined lobsters have been set up adjacent to the barge site t to monitor construction effects on these organisms. The i organisms are being nonitared with particular emphasis on the presence of Gaffkemia anc ediment deposits in the gills. e ( 7. During set up of the experiment, some lobsters have died. During tha first week, five of the original 50 in the barge site water tank died; all five had generally clean gills. The l presence of Gaffkya homari in one live individual was confirmed. During the second period of the experiment set-up, five of 25 died in the barge site live car; four had very clean gills, one had moderate amounts of silt in its gills and one was confirmed to have G. homari. During the tnird period of the experimental set-up, four indi-viduals (of 25) died in the barge site live car; all had clean gills. Twelve individuals (of 32) died in the llampton Beach marine live car; 11 had clean gills; one had heavy silt /detri-tus deposits in the gills which were discolored red. The I confirmatory tests for G. homari have not been completed on these individuals. The majority of the deaths reported above have been attributed I to handling difficulties. I

25 l 1 5.0 LITERATURE CITED 1 1 American Public Health Association. 1971. Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 13th ed.- Washington, D. C. l 873 pp. l Goggins, P. L. and J. W. Hurst, Jr., M.S. 1960. Progress Report on i lobster Caffky aremia (red tail). Maine Dept. Sea Shore Fish. 9 f PP. {g Normandeau Associates, Inc. 1971. Seabrook Ecological Study: Phase I,

  • 3 1969-1970.

Hampton-Seabrook Estuary, N.H. for Public Service Com-pany of New Hampshire. 1976. Turbidity levels in the Hampton Harbor estuary under both " calm" conditions and " post-storm" conditions. Stewart, James E., J. W. Cornwick, D. I. Spears and D. W. McLeese. j 1969. Res. Bd. Canada. 23(9):1325-1330. \\ 1 l Strickland, J. D. H. and T. R. Parsons. 1972. A practical handbook of l seawater analysis. Bull. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 167:1-311. t U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1974. Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes. Washington, D. C. pp. 268-269; 295-i 298. l t i i .n~ ~ - -. - -,n.- --n---..-- . - - ~ - - - -}}

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