ML20024B217

PWR Technology,Tmi Unit 2, Vol 4, Safety Analysis

ML20024B217
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Site:	Crane
Issue date:	07/06/1983
From:	BABCOCK & WILCOX CO.
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TASK-*, TASK-GB GPU-2298, NUDOCS 8307070358
Download: ML20024B217 (10)

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SA FE.TY AN A LYSIS 1

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CONTENTS

_P. age 15-l' SAF ETY AN ALY SIS...........................

i 15.

15-1 15.1. Intr oduct:en...........................

15-3 15.2.

The 1;.S. At em:c Ene r gy Comm:s sion..........

15.2.I.

AEC Regulatory and L:censtr4 15-3

~

O r g an t s ti en s.................... 15-6 15.2.2.

L:c e n s ing R e qui r em e nt s.............

15-7 15.2.3.

L:cens ng Procedure 15.2.4.

Re culatory Surveillant e of Ope rating 15-12 l i Reactors.

15-13

15. 3 Scurces of Rac:at:en..

15-14 l i, 3.1.

Fis s:en Prc. duct s.

15-15 15.3.2.

D: rect Core Radiatten....

15-16 15.3.3.

Ir.d uc e d R ad:oac tivity............... 15-15 15.4.

Proteettve Boundarte s 15-!8 15.4.1 Cladd:ng Mater:al..

15-20 15.4.2.

Re ac tor Coelant and Auxiitary Sy stem s... 15-20 15.4.3.

Reactor But!d:n::.

15-21

~

13. 3.

neactor Safet.. Evaluation Core and Coolant noundary Protect:on 15-21 15.5.1.

Analysis 15-24 15.5.2.

Standby Sa feguar ds Analys is.......... 15-27 15.6.

R e a c t r. ;t v C oe f fic ie nt s.................... 15-23 15,6.1.

Deppler Ccefficients 15-29 Y.oce rato r Te mpe ratu re Coe ff:c tent..... 15-24 15.6.2.

15.6.3.

V o:d Coe f f:cient of Reactiv:ty......... 15-30 R eac tor P r ot e ction and Safe ua rds System s...... 15-30 15.7.

15.7. 1.

P r ct e c tion S v ste m s................ 15-34 15.7. 2.

F.ng: nee re d S afe gua rd s......................... 15-37 Safety Analysis Calculat: ens 15.8.

Reactor K: net:cs and Primary System Simulatt en - KA PP I..........,.... 15-37 15.S. 1.

15-41 Rad:oactiv:ty Buildup and Dispe r sion...'.

15-47 15.5. 2.

Te c hmc al Spe c ti:c ations................... 15-47 15.9.

15.9.1.

I n t r od u c t i o n..................... 15-47 C entent of Techntc al Specif:c ations...... 15-50 15.9. 2.

Base s for Techn:c al Spectf te at: ens...... 15-51 15,9.3.

Development of Techn: cal Specif:c ations..

15. ?. 4.

Chances in Techn: cal Specif: cations and 15-56 15.9.5.

Plant E quipme nt.................. 15-57 15.10. R e f e r e n c e hist e r ial......................

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T!;ure g

.1, ne AEC Regulatory Organir.at:en 15-60 g;

g 3 2.

n.e Effe c t of 1.:.pse Rate on Sm oke Plume s......... 15 61 3

! "- 3.

The E f fec t s o f.'ca t u ral C bs ta.-le s on Ai r Flow........ 15-62

13..t. Smoke Plume Released Frem the Top of a Bu:! ding l.

Du rm c Neut ral C cndition s..................... 15-63 g g. 5.

Air Flo e A r cund a R ounded Bus! ding.............. 15-64 15-6.

Relations Among Physies! Barriers and Accidents.... 15-65 i

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, re c..cd hs t he pres 4 3101 On3 : h. t tu > tit y the *c te t ton.

The phg 3 r.:; 21 a r.d p e ra t e r-n !. e n ;d e r.a t :

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e r m_a t :o r :ec hn e. a l -pe c it N a t:On *, theretore..i s s i;. e - 3 :npo r t a ni..

., ha : t he. olle. t:On o: 3 pe. :::. at On> a nd t hei r w rit t en ha c.6 i an torm 2

co. u:r.c nt t h.at del:nca t e 4 :a. alit s t ea t u re-t h.it a r e i mpo rta r.t to ope ra.

2 4

t.. -aicts. :he r ea s on-ta r t heir impo rtanc e.

an.! t heir relat:en-to unc

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another. and pros :dc4 hat h :he A EC a nd inc ens ee m ir.a g ement pe r >onnel w ;;h unde r-ta nda nic te r m.

• re:e rent w :!h re-pc t t.

-s t et s.

F t.rt hs r ma re, a.s e spe r:cnc e :n Ope ration a nd t r. hnt. a t 4

I kn.-w !c d g e. c r t:c e. c ha n c e 3 n < pe..::. a ::on, bec o tr.c dc. : r.a ble t ro m

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tin.c to ::me, a nd t he w ritten hi m >

te r.i s pec ::c at:On p r. s ide- :o r o r -

de r!v an v-:- a nd es alia taan ut s u c h. lu n c e.

! 5. o. 4 D. s c!. ament of Tc. hn:. al Spc. :::. at:en-e T e.e ::s e. a t e cor:c of t e.- hn:c a l pe. ;r ;. at.*n de:;ncil I

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ta-e.i n 8 :::. i r.: c r.i n. c..! ph y si.a ! h-4 i r. c r - : n t h e op e r i -

1:cn. *. ia s :1;; s. In t ne ta!!aw :nc d:sc u

ota, c.a h..! t h e. a t r e. r :c - i-c sa m.ned, a r.d t h r de s c h p me nt at t c. Sn: a ! -pe. :::* a t. r:

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dpe c it :..it ion-..f t hi...t e g.. r s a r e ine: end ret j

t.3.e p p ; v t o p r e s c - - s r r aa hic-w ht. h a r... ont :nu.a lls. h-c r s a N r.. t.< s me.4 t

-ura b!c. e e.. p r c 3 su r e s. t empe ra:4 r e. tiow rate. p.. a c t. aratneu.

and

• rnn :lus. Sat h s.. r:a Mc a r c d:r e. :!v r ela ted :o t he pe r!..r:..n. e s w.. s a !.ec

..t t h e

nteg t.t v vf :uc t a nd o..ia nt h. trier..

T r.e

.a t et y 1:m.:

. hosen s a r:. S!c wh: h.,ne...n ma y w it h c onfiden r t h.t no c r s.,u -. o n -

4 s e q a c e.. 3 will oc c ur.

!! t he s alue of t he s a r sa tile u c r e to be.it th:

• in mt. a r.d 11..t he r s a ria b t.-- w e r e.it t h. uppe r lini.t ut t hc.r ope ra t ene in t ei hnic. ! kno

• led ge..! t he p roc c -

rance, a nd it all unt e r:a:nt:cs would esa nt.

w ere remtved un:as o r.a hlv. t hen no ha za rd to :he pubit,

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-c, a r e Only t he s per :f aca tic,n bec ome lir e.n se s ondit:ons.

Mappe, r::n g in.f o r ma tio n.

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t Nea r the s-f ety 1:m.t a nd sepa rated f rom it I'

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3. a fin;te rr.a r gin is a dange r :c..e in w h:c h ur 1c e epta ble ecns equences

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,a v occur. Somew heri :n : hts rene := a real1:mt: w h;c h divide s values I

are sure to result :n such consequences for any given accident and 34:

5-se tha t will nnt.

Thai. I;mit usually cannot be pres isely located be-g3;3 e of unc e rtain::e s :n :he techn: cal knowledce of :he p roc er.s and be-p cause :t is reta:cd to the values of other va r:ablea. The refore, the

,3 fe:y limit is ehnsen af te r c ons:deration of espe r: enc e. e spe r: mental r,, ult s. :nterac t:va be:w een va r:ab!c, a nd.it c:hc r pert:nen! plant c ha ra ct e r:stic s, a nd := loc ated c omfo rta bly w :th:n t he baund> of know-p led:e. The pract: cal resul cf th:s approach to that t rans cr es sing a

.. sic:y lim;t by a -mal; a mour.: w:l! not p rvduc e i;r-u s ept i ble c on sequen-i cc..

However. th:s would repre en: a >:gn:iaan: and unde *:rab!e de-

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l sa f ety h m.t. 3 :gnifi -

p.rt.:re : rom proper operation. To t rans cres-i er one a r m. re 3 ;cn. ;s art des i.

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equ:pment r..!f unc t:.,n r f : lure.

u. n:

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4::en, f rom ope rat:nc prncedares, c. r b<.t h.

w ould '.ise is.,ce ;r.

A 1:m.* :r.e sa ir:v s v > t e m cit :".c i elec t ed 3

F 2: a les en nn the sa:e s ace of the safet. lim.t.

The r eg.r.r. bris e r n :his "I

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4 3c ::n; and t he Sa f ety : tr..'

s hs u!d be.1: ss :e r.: :.. i !;. c4 ter.ctrestise n.; r rna l s :::n by :ne.-a :i t s (p rv:cc t:cn1 s v >:em to ret t.rn the.

a!..*. s i

er to 3 hut the re., % r d.w n before the 3 fety 1:m;: w o ild *:e reac hs d f cr r

s e s c re a b.o r ma !

.-:u. t io n.i nt :c :p.it ed d.:r :r.c t he 1.:e c.t tne 6

the ma s t plan:, T n:- mea n s t ha t c ;rs uet r e s pon s e time-a nd t ra n-a r r t s h.t rac t e r -

mu. t be ta ken ti.lly ;.::o a s c oian. Al-o m.

9::c s.

nc lud;n g os e r s h..vt.

cluced must be a n a llow a ra e f o r c a librat t.in.anc e r:a sntie-a nd in-t rument On the 3;ife 3;de of the ::m; ing saf ety >v cm s ett:ng lies i

ra c c u ra c :e.

he rene of normal operat;nne. Allow,.nt e mus: be rm d e f o r :he pu s s i.

the norrm t eone oc.

l b:!::y that the s.ihe of the sa riable may trans gres.

ca s:onally due tu inst rument d r:f t, min s r ope r it zun.n l e r ro r s, and nor.

~.al flui; t$.at:nn m p roc e > o r cont rol c ha ra t terist :c a.

T he rcio re, a u

r.a r gin f o r the s e fa t to r 3 should be Icft between the normal operat:ng

ene a nd t he'sa f et y s ystem setting. tisually, ala rms o r a nnunciators a re prov:ded betw een the ope rating one and the safety -ystem ac tion i

point to promote corrective action and to help prevent any sign.1: cant inva sion of the safety ma rgin.

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..d e:da m be a ct :s a t ed.

15. 0.4.2 L;m:::nc Cond. ions fo r Occ rat:en Th:

ca:egory of tec hn:ca < pec :f:u:mn s 2

gover,ts.c general. as-es o f rr.a : e r s (!) equ;pmer.:

r.v. ( 2 ) t he t e c hn t.

a t cced. tic,ns, a nd c h. ra c :c rist:c a of t he pla nt nec e s... r y fo r c c,nt <.nued

,:p e r a ::e n.

1.

Equ:pment - Tw o c la e s of ec,u.p ment 3 7 e i mp., ru nt t a t r.c :r.:ce r::V of ba r rie r s : r s:. tho e -y >te m s r.d c o m.

i y.ent, d:r e. * !v r e:.it ed t o t he e c nt rol of s.t r:a ble a.

. r.d o pe ra tin g s ond: -

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er., (:cclud.c.c t hn.c cn a h:. h sa f ety 1:m:t s ha v e been p!as ed) anc sec.

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s e s y ste m-a nd m3. ne n!. ne c e s. a r v t o i :a e

• t h a b r.- r r:-s l

.: st.cn<.

5 m e e u

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.f t h e f: r s t c la s s. r e. U,:!c s,

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In-t r :me: - sv=: cms.

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C c. r.t v l - s s c m s.

H.e.r... 1.6 > v >:c ms f.,r : ump;ne a nd s.

• w c.r k :n c !! a:d s.

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y te ms.

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L ate c o r.t r o l s t e m s.

?.::.e l:r.c s ys t e m s.

'r. t he s e c or.d.1.

- of e rg..p ment s pec :f:c..:.ons a r-t r.e f t flow :r g

.i., r.r e r c e nc y pa A c r s v > t e m s.

h.

E: c r ee.. y. u: nc,s>:c m.>.

t. The c a. r.:.t. r.f r.c nt a nd.5% s cs 3.s t e d o v> c m s.

d.

S iiet y s y >:e m>.

.Po r t> :h c l.i > s e s of ec ;;p me nt me r.t:c ce d a Sc,v e.

.. :ntended tMt tec h-n: cal sp'ec :is c at nns s nou;d e s:a bl;> h the low e s:.ic s epta bic !cwl of pe r -

I fe rm.r.c c f o r a s y s t e m c.r c o mpone nt or t he m:n; mum numbe r cf co mpo.

I r.c nt s o r pc.-::o r. vi t he s ys te m :ha t mus: re ma in ope ra ble :n o rder tbt p!...t ope r. ::en r.a y con::nue.

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Te c hmc a l C. nc :* e a nd C.u ra c t eris t re r

Tec hn: cal ond:::cn nd c ha rac terist:c.- ma s be >ta:ed :n :erms et al-i j

tr.a ble qu nt::ie. c. j:.. the concent ra::en ot-radioact:ye uterial in i

cer:2:n s ystem>. :ne volume of fluid requ: red in.. system. :he themical a

cons::tution of certa n iluid>. o r the alln-a ble enr.: cura::en, of equip-ment. Tc. de r ts e 4 12 m:::n : e6ndit:cn for operattnn, one must consider i

both :he ms.n: mum comp!cmen: cf i.qu pment nec e-*.t ry tn u:ntain oper-

]

at:cn :n the "no r u l' ra n ce, a nd A ha: t> n e e r - - i r e t r..h c.a m mo da t e a b.

no r ma l > ::u.t::e n s.

j The te rm "acequs:e ma r;:in" = u s ed :n a na m*:cr c: plase-sr. p i ra c t s ph %,it. c: 10 C F R %. th.* me.i n a t ha t s u(.

f f c tent equ:p ~.cr.: ;n a !! s yste m-ma>: be ope r.i b!c.

.. t ha t : u rt he r, but 4

1:m:t ed a nd r:ci:ned, f a :!.a r e..! e qu ep me n:..i po w e r ui.:.i g e, ur c:hcr l

r a r.s c n: - :c-i:..n.

o-s n e r r,r :n ciu r it:nn..i: nc: presce:.i t e s hut.

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d ca n :: ir : : t.

c e. c n L > a... :ct e nt c a n n.... m-e.d.i t ed w r.. l e t ne I

1 eg a:p me r.:

rcen....- u.a.!ible.

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15. '. 4. f. S.:r s e.;t ini e fa c e.w r e ment -

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': : :n ce..:e e. : r. : : r....

e m p. : - u. - w r -

l te dla nc e -pei u:.n oc pl.. cd er h..-c

• s t e m.i rA i t.rin r e nt t h.e t em I

l 4 c.- > > e n. 2 : :.

.itets c.;r:..:.$1! mne:c-e t r, p e r e.h

. i r : $. e.* h.. n.i r e l

nece s sa rv p r u re* u-m.*: e it e t he i nn equer c-c.:

....ccr.t.

Te te, a

l sal:nrr.t:ons, e r.n pi. :

.r.

. ri nei e - i r v :... c r.: :ne ;ic t :. r m.i n. c j

snd iva:I.ib.!.:s..: :mpa r r in: equ:pment. T hi-

i i r!.. *.l a r l v t rue c.f tho s e v 3

c m-t r-.: are n: 2 eel :.a r no r :..; ope rat..n tu.: * *.. c h -i r e n c -

ces sa ry tv i ape 4 ; h i n n., r n..i l

.*.ua t : n n s.

i N r s e.II.inc e r eq ui r e me nt.i r..! 1: m.::n,: snn.

d. tion f o r espe.-at ion a re : r c7:en:t s s n mple me nta rs. Fo r a s pecetic sys -

tem typ; calls... a t co r v.*

• pes :: es.$::4 n 4.1: estab:ssh :nc men: mum pe rfe r ma.. e le s el. a nt: *ne surs eelians c re qu. r i me r.: w.11 p r e. r:he t he I

f requency.inct s ecpe of t esting to de monst rate suc h pe rte rm.inc e.

The 1

f r e cu e nc y.i nr: t ype of surve:ltanc e s hould be h. sec, wnc r es e r p -sible, i

l can qua n::tative d :.. de r:ved throuch espe rienc e o r esper: ment.

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f When a change or modif: cation in equipment is contem-y eficct on related equipment 8

plattd. at hould also be eumined for its f

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ffect on the sal:d ty of the tusis

(,) j 3ed procedures, and aed:tions!!y for :ts e f

i In this way, we can ust. ally deter.

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3 for related technical spectf: cation..

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mtne whether the exist:cg' margin of safety as adversely af tected.

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revised basis should be provided, where necessary, to ;us::fy the c ange.

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f in addit:on, a revtsed ba>:s should be submitted whenever :t is deter-

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mined that an ex:st;cc or is not saltd, regardless of w hether

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i fication change t3 proposed.

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lS.10. Refe rene e Staterial

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a, USAEC. Nosembe r 1465.

Cencral Design C riteria for Nuclea r Planta.

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h!, A.. __ ont rol of Nuclea r R eacto r s and Pow e r Pla nts.

[j f

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2.

Sc hult2 h! : Craw -Hill.

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4 ti US A EC. TID-2 4100. July 196d.

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Meteorology and Atom:c Energy.

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DtNunno, J. J.,1;_t 6. Calc ulat:en.,f Dantant e Facto r s f o r Pow e r j

USA EC DLi. R. TID 14 =4_4 Sta rc h 14d.

4.

j and Te>t Reactor S2tes.

Theoretual Pos.b:!st:e and Consequence. <>f Alaje,r At 6: dents in

,"5 d i l'

5.

t USA EC. W ASH.74 0.

4*

L2 rge Nas ica r P..u c e Plants.

.O Blomeke and Todd. Uran:um F:s sion-Proc a t Pr 2da.tmn as a

]

l f it 1

and Decay Tirne.

6.

tion of The rm.1 Neat rcn Flux. Ir rad:ation Time, l

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.e I and 2; Part !! Wls 1. 2.and O.

'{ d g

l r

ORNL.212I IPart ! Wls s

Deposition and Wa shout Cornpu:at:en* Ba s ed un the Cenc rahied t

L 4

's 7.

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Caus m:an Plume h! ode l. OR O.500 i, ' '

Energy Comm;$.

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Energy As t <.i 1054, United S:ates Atoma l

[, 4 7,

8.

Ato mat

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X s son.

Atom: Energy Commis sion Hegulations a s tullowe

.,4'.i 5

9.

Umted States j j e

g This pa rt coverns the c ondut t

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of Pract:c e:

[g E

Titic 10. Pa rt 2. Rules Ener gy At t sef 1054,

-[-r5i ct it proc eccare under the Atr.mac i

p,

10. Part 20. Standards for Protect:en Against Radiat;on. The J

pa rt establish standa rds for p ro:e. t:on against G

5.

Title ai A rad:ation hazards arising f rom the activities under license.

n th:2 regulations M

ii These regulat:ons

10. Part 40. Control of Source h!ater:at: e of 1: censes to re-l f i Title ceal with tne proc edure and c rate ria fo r as si.an f

ma-ceive title to, to receive, to possess, and to transfer source l

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Licensing of Production and Util:

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This regulation provides for the licer>:ng ut preda. tion and uta tza-.l rat

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Review and approval mechanisms fer authcriz r.g new proce-I I

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t dures as well as changes in procedures, e qu:p ment, and process, and I

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for determ:ning whether such clur.ges can be rnade w:th:n the esisting h

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E technical specifications.

l Periodic rev:ew and aud:t ci operat:on>, including the per.

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formance of both equ:pmer.t and operattnc persor.nel, j f,1 y

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Changes :n Techn: cal Spc. af: sat:ons

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means that the Itmits and cond:ttons set forth in the spec:ficat:ons be.

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requared to operate the come legal bounds with:n which the 1:c ensec :n i:

The system of *pecific tinns desc r bed hove i..ntended to I

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provide a rea sonable degree of f!cs:hil:tv to 1:c en*ce rnan.icement f or :ts y

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nitton of the fact that ak knowledge and esper:cr.re.ncre.ese. c hance.

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n specifications or equ:pment may became de.r ble ur es en nes

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the rules of the Comm:s-son prev:de for two k:nd ot s hange.

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Changes in technical *pecif 2, [,,

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}.f qu:re prior res tew and authe r:zation bs the Commt>-ton.

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Certain clance-in plant equipment and prr.cedure, may he g :

made by the 1:censec. provided that he in -shic to mak.

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,1-to the effect that the c hange does not involve an unres tewed 5.af ety ques -

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tion.

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i performance data become asailable.

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reconsidered regularly and updated to rettect actual exper:e-ice.

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M' q-When change in a tec hn: cal spectf: cation appea rs in d

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'g order. its eff.:ct on related equipment and procedures shoiald be analyze th The basis for the "old" specificat:on provides a sta rting Et.C i,

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and evaluated.

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.S, w point for evaluating the change for both the licensee and the Commission.

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to cover the design ch.aracteristics of spee:21 importance to each of the 3

3 physical W rriers and to t,he mainterunce of safety rnargins in the design.

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The principal objective of this category is to control changes in design

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of vital equipment. The selection of specifications in this category l

should be predicated upon an ex. amination of all equipment and materials

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as sociated w:th each Mrr:er includ:ng the barrier :tself, w th respect

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Th. the. a t hange in desicn v ould affect any technical 1

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Whether the equ:pment or :t s ;>..rtormance n covered

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The safety analysi should cor.tain tull de-i

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sc ript:nn and do us s tun ( t o rga n::at s.,r.... -.<'m:nist rative a v stems a nd

{ l procedure = for the operat:nn of the t..iet...:pec :f:c ation* r.f the c at e.

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gory shou,1,d condat of stamma ry statem. t.!- anal desc riptions of. admin.

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istrative arrangement, for the folic,w:ng e uterects:

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Or ga n 4a tion, showing 1:ne

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't manacement on throuch a!! activit:es. L.t.. tec hn r al and ope rational, j j w

w ith a dem e ription of tne man; mum <;e..!:t.. 4..un s e sta bit s her! f o r key 9

3 man. cement a nd t ec hn: cal pos it:on:.. 'er "i..mber, et afety comm.ttees j,.,

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e w he r. s u c h e s. s t. a nd f o r po sition:.... t h.

up. r.it:n g s ta t t.

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a cha rt may be used for this purpose, w :t h tuatnotes a s requ: red.

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Admanat rative ac tion ti, he t..k..n t.y the lic ensee in the event

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that any requirement :mposed by technical specification % is violated.

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Provision of. detailed, written proc edures governing no rnu t I

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i ope ration, a bnormal situations, eme rgenc ies, and maintenanc e opera -

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w tions that may affect reactor safety.

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4 Logs and records of operati:n. r.u int e na nc e.

changes to pro-

,. i, f2 redures anri e l'ispment, tests, inspec tions, calibrations. incident s, in-

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'" f) vestigations, and reviews.

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