ML20005C103
| ML20005C103 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Three Mile Island  |
| Issue date: | 11/04/1981 |
| From: | Aamodt M AAMODTS |
| To: | Milhollin G Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8111180391 | |
| Download: ML20005C103 (41) | |
Text
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[ RELATED CORRESFOT I:?CE
' '1 FROD. a DT!1 FT.0.@1 M.l_.1:.:c j "
00CKETED USNPC
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R. D. 5, Box 428 Coatesville, Pennsylvania 19320 M November 4, 1981 0FFICE OF SECRETARY 00CKETING & SERVICE BRANCH
Dear Judge Milhollin,
the Board, and Partiis:
We have found that the " examples" in the testimony of Professor Holzinger are difficult to read. We are providing clear copies of the " examples" and reference pages. Ke have made a change on,page 3 of Dr. Molholt's testimony and have re-presented' tl.e Molholt and Holzinger resumes in paragraph form, deleting irrelevant information and providing explanations of the relevance of experience, where it is not self-explanatory.
Professor Holziner's testimony was: expanded.for clarity, however not materially.
In order to minimize the work of those who receive this, n F%2 __ we are replac~ing--thelentire section of -the Aamodt- testimo'ny;r:" .
serviced. November 3, 19 81 and - entitled AAMODT TESTIMONY-OF;.~
PROFESSOR CHARLES HOLZINGER AND PROFESSOR. BRUCE MOLHOLT.i ,
We apologize for any inconvenience this has caused anyones.;
Counsel for Metropolitan Edison was notified by-telephone.
Sincerely yours, l
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Marjo M. - Aamod, s 4bLUL
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i UNITED STATES OF AMERICA .j NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMIISSION 1 EEiED' ATOMICSAFETYANDLICENSINGBOA%SNpc ,
Before' Administrative Judge Gary L. Milhollin ,
as Special Master gj g -9 P257 l
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In the Matter of ) 0F FICE OF SECRETARY
) D00KETING & SERVICE METROPOLITAN EDISON COMPANY ) Docket NE.RAQ-289 I
) (Res tart)
(Three Mile Island Nuclear ) (Reopened Proceeding)
Station, Unit No. 1) )
i' s I AAMODT TESTIMONY OF DR. BRUCE MOLHOLT AND PROFESSOR CHARLES HOLZINGER I l
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Resume DR. BRUCE MOLHOLT is presently Adjunct Associate Professor, Department.of Health Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Dr. Molholt 'has literally corrected thousands of essay type tests and term papers. He has developed expertise in spotting work that is the result of copying.
Dr. Molholt has held other teaching positions as Assistant Professor of Microbiology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas from 1969 until 1972 and as Associate Professor of Microbiology and Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wi wonsin from 1976 until 1978. r Dr. Molholt has taken number of tests and e::aminations. He received his Ph. D. degree in microbiology from *'ndiana University, Bloomington, Indiana in 1967. He continued his post-doctoral study under fellowships from 1967 until 1969 at Karolinski Institutet, Stockholm,. Sweden and from 1972 until 1973 at the University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
Dr. Molholt has written over twenty- articles on molecular genetics, having held research pos_itions from 1973 through-1976 -
u._ as several prestigious:> institutions. . - He was Charge de Recherches,._.
Department of Molecular. Biology, University of Geneva, Genevar -
4 ,,_m - Switzerland,wthen~-Research- Associate,i-the Department of Molecular. u Gr/ ~ - Gen ~eticsv University. of Heidelberg ,GHeidelbeig ,' Germany ,.._anda nd
==- Exchange Scientis t of the..U. :S. National Academy -of Sciences,n _ .
Insitute of-Biochemistry,1 rague,-
P Czechoslovakia. + Dr. Molholt -J--
has- been Science Director.:of the Environmental Cancer Prevention -
Center,- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1979' until the present._ .
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SUMMARY
The purpose of this testimony is - to shed light on the extent of cheating in Reactor Operator and Senior Reactor Oper ,-
ator examinations at the TMI-l facility since the March 1979 I Unit 2 accident. The extent of cheating is viewed'from two
_ perspectives, the number of operators who may have been ':"-
involved and the degree of cooperation between 0 and W.
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TESTIMONY OF PROFESSOR BRUCE MOLHOLT _
Summary statement Senior reactor operators O and W cheated extensively on their requalification tests 24 April 1981. There was exact coincidence in 87 percent of their answers, right down to the misspellings.
Apparently, sometimes O copied W, sometimes W copied O. ,
1 There were 67 separate questions or parts of questions addressed on the SRO "B" exam. I have not graded 5 of thes e , which are figures. Of the remaining 62 questions or parts of questions, 54 .were answered by O and W in' identical or ne~srly identical fashion. ,I conclude that these two senior reactor operators collaborated on__87 percent of their answers.
A few examples of identical copy are given below:
Answers to question N 2 b
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W /M Yk .s.t. & n '
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Answers to question N 4 c
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(c) V M M g W M A
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27 Oct 81 i A few additional copies of na:arly identical copy are given below in which the major change' is that O writes in 2d person, W in 3d person: .
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. Answers to question J 2 ,
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t Sometimes they mis spell the sam word:
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Insight is gained as to who..is- copying whom when O ~ can't read --
. W's Gandwriting and " collapsing" becomes "collopsing": .
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But7then, . sometimes: W tan!t wead..O's: handwriting'(whichii's ._ _ r, generally %or s e) either; a s when-*' vacuum, veith a'n ambiguouse- --
first;"u" by- O, ^becomes >'vaccum"- in W's answer:-- ,
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Sometimes it appeared to me as if W were giving answers orally to O containing words which O can't spell. These'words were then spelled correctly and legibly in W's answer, bt. al. spelled in O's answer. Examples are:
Part Question 1 0 -
I 6a,c xenon zenon 6c affec'ted effected K la asymptotically a csomptically 3 "
affect effect L 4a orifice orfice These I believe to be examples where W is giving answe.rs to O, perhaps orally. At least~ once O can't understand what W is driving at at all, undoubtedly here in a wr-ften answer and substitutes his own word rather than copy something nonsensible:
Part Qu e stion_ W -
O M 2 collorates (for correlates) determines (!)
And, at least once, W copies Js' misspelled word as something s ;
else:: . -
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Paittw Que~stion- . . . , . . . _O 1 J Sa ? ~ injecting (food!.)' injesting (for . ingesting) <.1-1 i
Summary statement Senior Reactor operators O and W cheated extensively on their .
j requalification tests 24 April 1981~. There was. exact coincidence t
l in 87 percent of their answers. Although there is little evidence that the other-four senior reactor operators sitting in this room,-
l but not at the same table, were involved in the kind of-cheating..
i in which O and W were engaged,--it is hardly possible to-imagine r -
that-these-other operators 1were unaware-of.what O and W were -
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f usvo -) j i RELAIED CORRESF0lGHCE 6- %Y 9W L ci,1c, ci e, wtM pecuer.;&StN;S 1 B:7.r.;h Resume CD Profensor Charles H. Holzinger is Chairman of the Departmer.t of Sociology and Anthropology, I .eklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Profese' e 1.31 zinger has taught in his fields of specialization since 1949.
Professor Holzinger has particular expertise, aside from teaching and testing, in recognizing minimal indications of variance from the " expected". He has used this expertise in his research in anthropology. He has published a number of articles oa his research including the following:
"The Ibaugh Site: A Susquehammock Cemetery", Eastern Staten Archeological Federation Bulletin, No. 17, January, 1958.
"A Susquehannock Cemetery: The Ibaugh Site", Susquehannock Miscellany, Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 1959.
"Some Observationc'on the Persistence of Aboriginal Cherokee Personality Traits", Symposium on Cherokee and Iroquois Culture, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American - l Ethnology Bulletin 180, Washington D. C., 1961. < l
" Archeological 1Repor.t,gLimerick Generating. Station-Site,m.
1 Montgomery and Ches'ter Counties',- PennsyIvania",- Buchsrt _". -
Horn,-Nov 8 2 4 97,'.--Yo rk , Pennsylvania c -19 72 . _ .
" Archeological Report, Fulton Genera ting - Station -Site,' -
Lancaster County,.. Pennsylvania", Buchart-Horn No. 82518, l York / Pennsylvania,.1972._. l l
Professor Holzinger teaches some of Fis techniques of analysis-in courses he presently teaches, Psychological Anthropology and Anthropological Theory.
Professor Holzinger was educated at Franklin and Marshall College,
~
the University of Chicago where he received an M. A. degree in sociology.in 1949, and. Harvard University where he was a teaching f e llow.' He has also taught at Stanford University and the University o f -North-Carolina. He has. designed and administered hundreds-of ..
tes~ts_ and examinations._= Due..to the nature of -the subjects .whiche
__ ProfessorwHolzing'er teaches; essay -tests and..t'erm papers $ rec usedrt .
In~. Scoring.these tests, Professor Holzir.ger has applied his expertis'e v to detect-cheating'. -
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STATEMENT OF PROFESSOR CHARLES HOLZINGER.
An analysis of training examinations taken by personnel operating the TMI plant shows clear evidence that the cheating detected on the NRC qualifying examination given in April 1981 was not an isolated case but that systematic chegting had ' occurred between operators o and W on the ATTS training examinations given shortly before this. In fact, the cheating between these two operators on this examination was so flagrant that it is very difficult to believe that the grader of the papers, and all the candidates, could have remained unaware of the cheating.
Testimony developed by the NRC in its investigations of August and October, as well.as that developed in depositions of the operators made by the - Aamodts, shows that examinations were given -to TMI operators,_ both by the TMI training department and i
by ithe NRC Staf f,^. with inadequate proctoring- or no proctoring at e-
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Thereris 'sufficient evidence to support dbd view' that collus~ ion: m -
l between operators who- took'-testss and examinations of thei-r training - -
at 'TMIvwas. an accepted practice, that is, accepted by the -
Metropolitan Edison personnel in charge of conducting the training program for operators. In the light of this evidence, there is no -
reason-to be surprised that. cheating subsequently took place during _
the administration of the NRC qualifying examination.
The Aamodts' received,ih1 response- to discovery requests-of *- ~
the__ Licensee, - the- mock reactor operator and senior- reactor operator -
examinations administered by the contractors POS and ATTS, as well 1'
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as the Category T makeup examinations, requalification tests, and:
the April 1981 NRC licensing examinations. Except for_the NRC licensing examination, information with regard to seating arrangements was lacking, . and except where the examinations were dated, no indication of which candidates . sat together in a testing room was[
given. A further hindrance to an investigation of collusion among examinees was the fact that in some undetermined number of instances, the Category T and requalification examinations were take-home, unproctored, and/or open book. Nevertheless, several groups of examinations were assembled for analysis. After a question-by-question analysis,-a sufficient number of examples of similar responses -
was discovered to support-a view that collusion.of some sort had-occurred.- There were. no fewer than fourteen candidates who appeared to be~ engaged-in collu~sion of some. sort.:
7
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Theseeforms 'of mollu'slonCdidSot-follow the blatant- mode. of 1-2 copying ~ observed between operators O and W. However,' since thed r -
I essay-type answers. to questions were.. characteristically;.i. _ -
very dissimilar between candidates,' similarities between-essay-type --
responses, especially'when there were multiple examples'-of such ,
similarities between two individuals, indicate a high probability that collusion of some sort,among a number of operators, has-taken -
place.
Examples follow W -
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, (n EXAMPLES O'F SUSPECTED COLLUSION ON ATTS EXAMINATION GIVEN APRIL, 1981 Analysis of this set of examinations showed signifigantly similiar answers of operators U, B, and O. See attached reproductions of these operators' answers to Questions Alc, A 3 and 4, B2 and Cl. It .should be noted' that overall, any given set of essay-type answers are characteristically dissimilar, emphasizing the uniqueness of any similar pairs of answers.
Note the distinctly dif ferent answers of three randomly-selected operators . ',n ', BB and E) provided for Question Alc.
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c9 EXAMPLES OF SUSPECTED COLLUSION ON POS REACTOR OPERATOR EXAMINATION GIVEN APRIL 2, 1980 Analysis of the answers of CC and P showed signifigantly similar responses on Questions B4a, Ald, C 5 and 6, D3a and b, and D3b.
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OUESTZON C5 C., S SaJN fd NA ASW O e - / LJ - P./ # A . i m, n a , .;
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\ V y j APPENDIX C WIED C03 2S?050E .
l l-EXAMPLES OF SUSPECTED COLLUSION ON NRC SENIOR REACTOR OPERATOR LICENSING EXAMINATION FORM A, GIVEN APRIL, 1981 The answers of F and X for Questions I4 b and c, and J6 a and b are signifigantly similar to indicate collusion.
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- - - ~~~ APPENDIX D l .~ s. i i RELATED COERESF0&'DI2 ICE l l AMPLES OF SUSPECTED COLLUSION
- -_n .; ._4 ~k s' Q . .y ~^
Analysis of the answers of V, P, A and T showed rignifigantly l similar responses. Selected examples for Questions Bla, B2b, B4, l D3 and F 4 are provided. l y N 8/ DCOKGED 4 ' % USt'R0 - ~ -,6 . NOV 385' ~3 ~
- 01. ATTS REACTOR OPERATOR EXAMINATION GIVEN APRIL 2, 1981 l
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~ e~L..f4 .>,%? &>:- + a s'T .~ b w .':n . - ~ . U ?' N ~ 9' - r L-hTCL c - u 'i~t ss1-pl.T s- h . _ - -y 'fr' $,r..~ ~2 A* ~. < / ho - 3DP1 - g n' ,.e 5 . m' . 'y APPENDIX E s . I gTED COEEE9"# j l l I i LISTS OF EXAMPLES OF CCPYING BY O AND W ON ATTS REACTOR OPERATOR AND SENIOR REACTOR OPERATOR EXAMINATIONS GIVEN APRIL, 1981 Lists of the questions on which there were signifigantly similar answers are provided in stead of the actual answers. i l Since O and W have admitted cheating on this examination, the lists are provided to cive evidence of the extent of collaboration l which, supposedly, went unnoticed by the proctors and other l operators. cv , % l l Of C0cKtra '2- . L'?"cn - t, NOV 9 1981 * -T3 , N N !. 2 s &l*ifC7 0;it' 2 ; hr.!:2 N Cr: ^ \ V & l l l t ~ -[+ f: .:.t _ + - >n!a *..< : . :.~...- . u. . . , . M MEk :' -^ 5 f 5 2 k. R - :s_ -~~i,- ~ - , QUESTIONS TO WHICH O AND W GAVE SIGNIFIGANTLY SIMILAR RESPONSES ATTS Mock Reactor Operator Examination A2 A3 A6 B2a Clc C2 , C3 C4 C5 Dla Dlb D3 D4 :- E3 F1 i F6 G1 G3 1 G5 i H1 H2 \ . I A ~ F - *[,'", ,* Q 4 s (f." -> . a - .. .:.t ;- < .- ,_ QUESTIONS TO WHICH O AND W GAVE SIGNIFIGANTLY SIMILAR RESPONSES ATTS Mock
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M3b N1 N2 N3 '=Ip9 how a g %,y . . . . .. . +.- . .. -. , >T j* -- T ' 5 ';,_,~-_- ~j a A ~, ~^' -l' a r, ., ~ 9 /9 ,j MTED COERESPONDENCE Of coegrygg q, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA b, '. WW , Jg',' g g' , - NUCLEAR REGULATORY CC': MISSION - i % n 4-ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD $3 y Before Administrative Judge Gary L. Milhollin m @ as Special Master in the Matter of ) . ) MCROPOLITAN EDISON COMPANY ) Docket No. 50-289 ) (Restart) (Three f.'.le Island Nuclear ) (Reopened Proceeding) Station, Unit 1) ) s SERVICE LIST - Administrative Judge Gary L. Milhollin Robert Adler, Esquire. Atomic Safety and Licensing Scard Karin W. Carter, Esquire 1815 Jefferson Street Assistant Attorney General Madison, Wisconsin 53711 505 Executive House P.O. Box 2357 Ad.inistrative Judge Ivan W. Smith (2) Harrisburgs Pennsylvania 17120 - Chair =an Atonic Safety and Licensing Board. Ms. Louise Bradford . U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Com ission Three Mile Island Alert- - Washington, D.C. 20555 1011 Green Street ~- Harrisburg, Pennnylvania 17102 ~ P _7 Administrative. Judge' Walter H. Jordan M Atcmic Safety and Licensing Board " . George F. Trowbridge~, Esquire'- 851 West Outer Drive Shaw, Pittman, Potts & Trewbridge Cak Ridge, Tennessee 37830 1800 X Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036' Ad.inistrative Judge Linda W. Little Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Locketing and Service Section-5000 Hermitage Drive-Office of the Secretary Raleigh, North Carolina 27612 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington, D.C. 20555 - James R. Tourtelotte, Esquire Office of Executive Legal Director ' U.S. Nuclear Regulatorv ' Ccmission Richard Lloyd, Esquire. Washington, D.C. 20555 Three Mile Island Nuclear Plant Middletown, Pennsylvania 17057 M 9 W No- ) ? s [
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