ML20005B989
| ML20005B989 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Fermi  |
| Issue date: | 02/28/1981 |
| From: | Englehart R, Smyth R NUS CORP. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML20005B986 | List: |
| References | |
| NUS-3752, NUDOCS 8109160257 | |
| Download: ML20005B989 (80) | |
Text
{{#Wiki_filter:._ . t i 1 0 1 i NUS-3752 PREOPERATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOLOGICAL
}
MONITORING PROGRAM AT FERMI-2
; Annual Report l 1980 Prepared for
. The Detroit Edison Company i l' O by t Randall C. Smyth February 1981 Environmental Services Division NUS Corporation 4 Research Place Rockville, Maryland 20850 i i M 44 * *
- Randall C. Smyth/ Richard W. Englehart, Ph.D.
Project Manager Manager, Radiological Programs Department
.?
l l i i O I l } 8109160257 810914 DR ADOCK 05000 NUS CORPORATION {. R
i i TABLE OF CONTENTS ? . Fection Title a Pajte
- I. INTRODUCTION 1 A. Site and Station Description 1 B. Objectives and Overview of I i
e Fermi-2 Monitoring Program II. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION 4
- III. SAMPLING METHODS AND PROCEDURES 14 i
A. Direct Radiation 14 B. Fish 15 C. Shoreline Sediments 15 D. Airborne Particulates 15 E. Water 16 F. Milk , 16 IV.
SUMMARY
AND DISCl;SSION OF 1980 17 O ANALYTICAL RESULTS A. Direct Raolation 18 B. Fish 21 C. Shoreline Sediments 23 D. Airborne Particulates 25 E. Water 43 F. Milk 52 V. REFERENCES 57 APPENDIX A Deviations in the Sampling and 58 Analytical Regime APPENDIX B Laboratory Quality Assurance 62 APPENDIX C Analytical Procedures 73 APPENDIX D Reporting of Anditical Results 74 4 i O I NUS CORPORATION
l } i LIST OF TABLES Teble Number Title P_aage
. 1 Preoperational Environmental Radiological Monitoring 5 ! Program at Fermi-2,1980 i
2 Preoperational Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, 8 ,l Fermi-2, Sample Locations and Associated Media 3 Direct Radiation - Analytical Results,1980-Q1 and Q2 19
', 3A Direct Radiation - Analytical Results,1980-Q3 and Q4 20 4 Fish (Perca flavescens) - Analytical Results, Edit'in Portion
~
22 Gamma Emitting Nuclides 5 Shoreline Sediments - Analytical Results 24 Gamma Emitting Nuc!! des 6 Airborne Particulates - Analytical Results - Gross Beta 27 7 39 Airborne Nuclides,Particulates Quarterly Composite, - Analytical ByResults, LocationGamma Emitting ) (1980-Ql,Q2,Q3 p 7A Airborne Particulates - Analytical Results, Gamma Emitting 41 V Nuclides, Quarterly Composite, By Location (1980-Q4) 8 Water - Analytical Results Gamma Emitting Nuclides 44 9 Water - Analytical Results - Tritium 48 Quarterly Composite, By Location 10 Drinking Water - Analytical Results, Gross Beta 50 11 Milk - Analytical Results, Gamma Emitting Nuclides 53 12 Environmental Radiological Monitaring Program 54 Annual Report (Statistical Summary) 9 i
,0 i
11 NUS CCAPCAATION
. _ _ _ . _ _ - - - - - . . . . - - . . . - - - . . . - _ _ - _ . = . - . . . - - . . _ - . . - - . . _ _ _ _ _ - _ . _ - .
I
. f, l
l I
- LIST OF FIGURES !
i Figure Number T3tle Pm , j l
' 1 !!
Samp(ling Location Immediate Vicinity - By of Station Fermi-2) Number 1 2 i 2 Sampling Locations - By Station Number 12 l ; (Greater Than 5 Miles) 4 3 Supplementary TLD Locations - 13 l . By Statlan Number l i 6 i
- O 4
} I P I l a d h i i
,O i l i
j g NUS CORPORATION '
!. INT'iODUCTION The preoperational radiological environmental monitoring program for Fermi-2 was
, initiated on March 15,1978 and will continue until fuel loading, presently scheduled f for 1982. This program is being conducted by NUS Corporation under contract with The Detroft Edison Company (Edison). This is the third Annml Report for the j radiological environmental monitoring program being conducted under the contract.
l 1 This report covers the period December 29, 1979 through January 6,1981 and j summarizes the results of measurements and analyses of data obtained from i samples collected during this interval. l A. Site and Station Description
, Fermi-2 is a BWR designed to operate at a power level ei about !!50 megawatts of electrical output with the main condenser circulating water cooled by two natural draft, wet type, hyperbolic cooling towers. The plant is located on approximately
! 1120 acres about eight miles east-northeast of Monroe, Michigan; thirty miles j southwest of downtown Detroit, Michigan; and, twenty-five miles northeast of downtown Toledo, Ohio. Fermi-2, bounded on the east by Lake Erie, is situated in , Frenchtown Township in Monroe County, Michigan. l l
- B. Objectives and Overview of Fermi-2 Monitoring Program United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) regulations require that
, nuclear power plants be designed, constructed, and operated to keep levels of radioactive material in effluents to unrestricted areas as low as reasonably achiev-able (ALARAX10 CFR 50.34). To assure that these criteria are met, each license ; authorizing reactor operation includes technical specifications (10 CFR 50.36a) governing the release of radioactive effluents.
1 in-plant monitoring will be used to assure that these predetermined release limits
; are not exceeded. However, as a precaution against unexpected and undefined I processes which might allow undue accu,mulation of radioactivity in any sector of man's environment, a program for monitoring the plant environs is also included.
I
,O ! 1 NUS CORPORATION
4 f f The regulations governing the quantities of radioactivity in reactor effluents allow O nuclear power plants to contribute. at most, only a few percent increase above
; normal background radioact vity. Background levels at any one location are not constant but vary with time as they are influenced by external events such as j cosmic ray l ombardment, weapons test fallout, and seasonal variatior.s. These levels also can vary spatially within relatively short distances reflecting variation . in geological composition. Because of these spatial and temporal variations, the ; radiological surveys of the plant environs are divided into preoperational and op-erational phases. The preoperational phase of the program of sampling and mea-suring radioactivity in various media permits a general characterization of the radiation levels and concentrations prevailing prior to plant operation along with an ; indication of the degree of natural variation to be expected. The operational phase I
of the program obtains data which, when considered along with the data obtained in the preoperational phase, assist in the evaluation of the radiological impact of plant operation. Implementation of the preoperational monitoring program fulfills the following
- objectives
O l 1. Evaluation of procedures, equipment and techniques 1 l 2. Identification of potentially importet pathways to be monitoreo af ter the plant is in operation l
- 3. Measurement of background levels and their variations along potentially important pathways in the area surrounding the plant
' 4. Provision of baseline data for statistical comparison with future operational analytical results.
i Sampling locations were selected on the basis of local ecology, meteorology, physical characteristics of the region, and demographic and land use features of the I site vicinity. The preverational program was originally designed on the basis of O I 2 NUS CORPORATION
I O the UsNRC B,aech Technicai Positioe on ,edieiogicai envi,eementai monitoring issued by the Radiological Assessment Branch (March 1978).III i I in 1980 the radiological monitoring program included the measurement of ambient { i gamma radiation by thermoluminescent dosimetry; the determination of gamma emitters in shoreline sediments and fish (Perca flavescens); the determination of gross beta and gamma emitters in air particulates; the measurement of gross beta { in drinking water; the determination of gamn a emitters and tritium in drinking { water and surface water; and the determination of gamma emitters in milk at the control location.
! In response to guidelines established in the USNRC Branch Technical Position on the radiological portion of Regulatory Guide 4.8 (November 1979, Revision 1),(2) i Edison expanded the TLD program at Fermi-2 to thirty-seven locations beginning
, the third quarter of 1980. i e O t i t l
}O l
t i 3 NUS CORPOAATION __ , ---_._ - _ - . . - _ . , _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . . . . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ - , _ - _ . - _ , _ _ . _ . _ , _ - . _ _ _ _ _ _ - , . ~ . .
I i D
!, II. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION j Forty-five (45) locations within a radius of about 15 miles from the Fermi-2 site were monitored. The number and location of monitoring points were determined by considering the locations where the highest off-site environmental concentrations i have been predicted from plant effluent source terms, site hydtdlogy, and site meteorological conditions. Other factors considered were applicable regulations,
, population distribution, ease of access to sampling stations, security aivJ funire program integrity.
i The preoperational environmental radiological monitoring program for Fermi-2 is summarized in Table 1. Sample collection at Station 15 (drinking water control), indicator milk locations, and gaseous radioiodine monitoring are expected to be implemented in 1981 or 1982. This implementation will be correlated with the finalization of the fuel load date for Fenni-2. Table 2 tiescribes sample locations, associated media, and approximate distance and direction from the site. Figures 1 O taroush 3 eesisaate samnitas iocatio's by station numser. s 1 l k I, 9 i I
',' NUS CORPORATION 4
_ _ _ . .~_.. . . . _ _ _ _ . _ - . _ . . - - _ _ _ ___ .. _ ___ _ . _ _ .. . . _ _ . .
1 if a O O 4 O a TABLE I Prooperational Enylronmental Radioloskal Monitoring Program at Fermi-2,1980
) Analysis Samclina Frequency TIE' r freguency Sample Media $tation Number Location i Continuous sampling Gamma ese Quarterly I Direct Radiation i Telephone pele #DE693)H6 i TLDs changed quarterly j 2 Tree at the termination of Brancho Street (2 TLDs/ station)
' 3 Tree adjacent to Swan Boat Club i i 4 Site Boundary and Toll Road, Telephone pole #DP7623MC ,I I 3 Site Bi.W and Toll Road, Telephone pole #DE36R77633G5 ! l
$ Site Boundary and Toll Road telephone pole I 7 Doty Farm, N Custer Road (controO j
1 ! Pole NE corner Diale Highway 4nd I%st Road i I 5-1
! i 5-2 Pole NW corner Diale Highway and Swan Cteek
- i
. 5-3 Pole # DES 240GS on Masserant - South on SE corner l of driveway to abandoned barn 5-9 Pointe Mouillee - W 3ellerson and Campeu Road, 8%Ie #DE7045GC3 on SE corner of Bsidge 5- 3 Pointe Mountlee Game Area - Pleid Olike, pole near d
$tes north area of pasking lot f
' 5-6 Labo and Diale Highway - Pole ilF3W3909 on SW l corner with Ilght 1 5-7 Labo sad Brandon - Pole #DE6130G4 on SE corner near RR 4 5-8 Pole #RS6DE27305 behind post offke in Newport ,l 5-9 Pile #R430E40230 on SE corner War and Pust Roads 5-10 1%le #MO785PG735 on NE corner Nedeu and Lapard - j near moblie home park l i I 5-15 Pole # DECO 37406 on NW corner Mentel and Hurd I 5-12 Pole #DE71440H in parking lot of Department Natural 1 l Resources Offke Building - Stearling State Park I !i
1 -- __ - - . _ - . - .. - .-_ . .. _ . _ . . . _ _ - - .- _._ O-t _O _.O_ r TABLE I (Continued) Preoperational Environmer.tal Radiological Monitoring Program at fermi-2,1980 4 Analysis Sample Media Station Number Location Samplina Prequency M Freeency Continuous sampling Gamma dose Quarterly Direct Radiation 5-13 Pole #DE74540GC on Williams Road - school TLDs changed quarterly (Continued) comptes approulmately 200 yards 5 of Jefferson High (special areal (2 TLDs/ station) 5-14 Pole #DE433)G6R60 N side of Peart - Woodland Beach (populated areal 5-15 Pole ADE7640H5, 5 side of Long and Point I Aus Peaux (site boundary) 5-86 Pole #DE5840G5RG69, 5 side of Point Aus '< Peaux - next to vent pipe (site boundary) l 5-17 Permi gata along Point Aus Peaus Road - j 4 on fence post W of gate (site beundary) 5-18 Pole # DECO 3433 on 5 corner of Toll Road 5 of main gate (site boundary) 5-19 1%Ie #DE7440HS on Toll Itoad, first residence from Enrico fermi Drive ' e- ' { 5-20 Pole #DE7785881 at end of Front Street - in front of Detroit Edison Generation Plant 5-28 Pole #878130, junction of Mortar and Laplaisance 4 5-22 Junction of Diale Hsghway and Laplaisance/Albain 5-23 Pole #DE494084, Custer!58. Mary's) Park, corner of l' N Custer and Diale(Monroe St.)(N dde, peut to river) i (special area) ] Pole # DECO 3860A, Milton " Pat" Munson Recreational ~ 5-24 Reserve - N Custer Road (control) ! 5-23 Pole #MTBC2, torner Stony Creek and Finzel Roads 5-26 Pole #DEC05028, N corner Grafton and Ash Roads 5-27 Pole # DECO 35640, junction of Port Creek and i
! Will-Carlton Roads 5-28 Pole #064Y1224, SE side of I-75, corner Pace and i ' 5 Huron River Drive (special areal t
i 5-29 Pole #DEC045440, N side of Cahill and Clbraltar Roads I 5-30 Pole #DE3340G4, 5 corner of Adams and Gibraltar l (across from flumbug Marina)
l i g O O O' TABLE I (Continued) i Preoperational Environmental Radiological Monitosing Prograsa at Fermi 2,1980 0 Analysis Frequency Station Number tocation Samplina Frequency h l 5emele biedle Semi-annually Gamma isotopic Semi- ggg Fish 16 Fermi-2 discherse (edible poraton) annually Yellow perch t Control in vicinity of Celeron Island (Perca flavesced il 8 Point Aus Peaux,100 ft offshore sighting ! Shoreline directly so land-based water tower Seements(2) Semi-annually Gamma isotopic semi- g 9 Permi-2 distberge annually ,3 4 10 Estral llead, 300 feet offshore sighting directly to land-based windmill Continuous sampling, Cross beta Weekly III Airborne i Telphone pole #DF693)ll6 change filters weekly fo' lowing each ] Particulates filter change 4 ' 4 Site Boundary and Toll Road, Telephone pole (DE762316C Gamma isotopic Quarterly-f 3 Site Boundary and Toll Road. composite ggg Telephone pole #DE36R77635GS by location 9 7 Doty Farm. N Custer Road (control) l Monthly Gamma Isotopic Monthly (I} Surface Water li Unli l Raw Lake Water htake Structure Tritium Quarterfy III I lt Trenton I%wer Plant intake Structure composite by I (5weenhouse #2)(control) location i 3I Monthly Monthly Gross beta Drinking Water 83 Monroe Water Station , Gamma isotopic Monthly Tritium Quarterty ggg composite by l _ location ( i M anthly Gamma isotopic Monthly 7 Doty Farne (control) l Milk i l (1) Samples analysed in shagnicate/ replicate (2) Lake Erie current patterns in the Fermi-2 area iluctuate in oppeelte directions along shorellne contours - for approntmately ept <8urations during an annual period. As a result, no "controP is established-(3) 18 gross ben in air or water is greater than 10 times the mean of control samples for any medium, gamma i Isotopic ana;ysis performed on individual samples ' (4) To be finalized af ter milch animal census l l 1
i O O O TABLE 2 . Preoperasional Environmental Radological Monidoring Program. Fermi-2 Sample Locations and Associated Meda 1 i Distance from Meda , Station Descriotkg Nanber III Direction Reactor (Asoros.) "! e Direct Radiation HE I.3 ml. Telephone Pole #DE693M16 i Radiolodine
- Particulates Tree et the termination of Direct Radiation 2 NNE l.) ml. Brancho Street (private residence)
Tree adjacent to Swan Boat Club Direct Radiation 3 N l.l ml. Ste Boundary and Toll Road, Direct Radiation 4 NNW 0.6 ml. Radolodines
; Telephone Pole #DE7623%C i Particulates l Ste Boundary and Toll Road. Direct Radiation 3 NW 0.6 nil. Ra&d.adine'
, Telephone Pole #DEMR77633GS Perasculates 1 0,6 ml. Sie Boun% and Toll Road, Direct Radiation i 6 WNW Telephone Pole $' Doty Farm. N Custer Road Direct Radation
- e. 7 W J3 ml. Radolodine*
(control) Particulates .
+
Mik Pole NE corner Diale Highway Direct Radation i 5- 3 NW 2 9 ml. and Post Poad Pole NT corner' Diale Highway Direct Radiation 5-2 NNF 2.4 ml. and Swan Creek Pole #DE3240GSjan Masserant - South Direct Radiation 5- 3 N 2.6 ml. I ' on SE corner of driveway to abandoned baan 4 Pointe Mouillee - W Jefferson and Campeu Direct Radiation 5-4 NNE 6.3 ml. Road, Polo #DE{045GC3 on SE corner of Bridge 4 I Pointe Moullice Game Area - Fleid Office. Dhect Ramation ' 5-3 NE 3. 8 ml. pole near tree north area of parking lot ) Labo and Diane Highway - Pole flF3W3909 Direct Radiation 5-6 N 4.3 mi. on SW corner with light i Direct Radiation 4 5-7 NNW 3.0 ml. Labo and Brandon - Pole #DE6tS0G4 on SE corner near RR a I
l TABLE 2 (Continued) Preoperational Environmental Radio leal Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Sample Locations Associated Media
- 54allon 4 g g Distance irom j Number Direction R eactor ( Approx.) Description Media 5-8 NW 4.0 ml. Pole #R36DE27303 behind Direct Radiatum poet office in Newport 5-9 WNW 4.9 ml. Pole #R43DE40230 on SE corner Direct Radiation of War and Post Itoads 5-10 W 3.3 ml. Pole #MO785PG733 on NE corner Nedeo Direct Rad 6ation ,
and Lapard near mobile twwne park
*-Il SW 4.3 ml. Pole # DECO 37406 on NW corner Direct Radiation j Mentel and Hurd
, 5-12 SW %.? ml. Pole #DE7144001 in parking lot of Department Direct Radiation l Natural Resources Office Building - 5:earling State Park 5-13 W 2.8 m). Pole #DE74340GC on Williams Road - school complex D6 rect Radiation 1 approximately 200 yards 5 of Jefferson High (special j atea) j 5-14 V5V 2.8 ml. Pole #DE433dR60 N side of Pearl - Woodland Beach Direct Radiation (populated area) i i 5-13 5 0.9 ml. Pole #DE7640H3 5 side of Long and Point Aux Peaux Direct Radiation (site boundary) 5-16 55W 1 0 ml. Pole #DE3840G3RG69 5 side of Paint Aux Peaum - Direct Radiation next to vent pipe (site boundary) 5-47 SW 0.9 ml. Fermi gate along Point Aux Peaux Road - Direct Radiation
- on fence poet W of gate (site boundary)
. 5-18 W5W l .2 ml. Pole # DECO 3433 on 5 corner of Toll Road Direct Radiation 5 of main gate (site boundary)
! 5-19 W l.0 ml. Pole #DE7440H3 on Toll Road, first residence Direct Kadiation j from Enrico Fermi Drive 5-20 55W 6.2 ml. Pole #DE7783881 at end of Pront Street - D6 rect Radiation in front of Detroit Edison Generation Plant 5-28 5W 10.1 ml. Pole #878130 junction of Mortar and Laplaisance Direct Radiation 5-22 W5W 9.9 ml. Junction of Dixie Highway and Laplaisance/Albana Direct Radiation i
- - - - - . -. ~ __ . -.
o
- O O TA8t.E 2 (Continued) i Preoperational Environmental Radio leal Monitoring Program Perm!-2 Sample Locations Associated Media 4
Distance from Station (II Direction Reactor (Asprom.) Description Media 5-23 W5W 8.0 ml. Pole DE494084, Custer (St. Mary %) Park Direct Radiation
- corner of N Custer and Dinis (Monroe St.)
3 (N side, twat to river )(special area) 5-24 W5W 9.2 ml. Pole # DECO 3160A, Milton " Pat" Munson Direct Radiation itecreational 16 serve - N Custer Road (control) 1 5-23 WNW 10.8 ml. Pole #MTaC2, corner Stony Creek and Finzel Roads Direct Radiation 1 5-26 NW 8.7 ml, Pole #DEC05028, H corner Grafton and Adi Roads Direct Radiation l 5-27 NNV 9.9 ml, Pole # DECO 35640, junction of Port Creek and Direct Radiation Will-Carlton Roads 5-28 N 6.9 ml. Pole #064Y1224, SE side of I-75, corner Pace and Direct Radiation 1 5 Bluron ltiver Drive (special area) a 5-29 N 9.3 ml. Pole # DECO 45940, N alda coper of Cahill and Direct Radiation i Gibraltar Roads 5 5-30 NNE 9.9 p}l. . Pole # DES $40G4, 5 corner of Adams and Gibraltar Direct Radiation (across front Humbug Marina) I ' 8 5 0.9 ml. Point Aun Peaus,110 ft offshore sighting directly to Sediment land based water tower 9 E 0.2 int. Permi-2 discharge 5ediment 80 NE l.1 ml. Estral Beach, 30r, it offshore sighting directly to Sediment land based windmill i il NNE 9.3 ml. Control in vicinity of Celuron Island Perca flavescens 12 SSE 0 9 ml. Unit l Raw Lake Water intake structure Surface Water 13 5 1.2 ml. Monroe Water Station Drinking Water j 14 NE 13 mi. Trenton Power Plant Miake Structure (Screenhouse #2) Surface Water IS NNE 20 ml. Detroit Water Station (2) Drinking Water j 16 E 0.4 ml. Perml-2 discharge (1200 f t ollahore) Perca flavescens (1) buscator milk sampling locations allt be finallaed after milch salmal census is conducted (2) Access to this location rpt finallaed
- Sample collections for these media not performed dwing 1980
I NNW N 4;.r- e
\ \ \ -- -
- g. . . 1 %- .3
~
.Md., ,%4 ,
- _ - . . -.. s 4- a -
,j
- -.,-. :.N h % & ?
._ .-_ h--- 2.
i
\ l := =,44
- - azz .
.p,;
_ r.. ( f:
'A- r . \ ,,,
g.-g,A,pfjj+Q NW N
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
!I7
%\ M Y l nmes-. , , ,s ..
4 x r. '
.. _ s ,
7
~ --f ,'_e
'" % s .
_q"
.i
., f p
4 _s,a9 ~
-- * -~
[ mes . l .[ ' /,,' ' 4h N -_. .. __ M n. 25. Mn/ dl 4\.. f
~~" 5 WNW -- - ,;
~
"' nl - '
w\ad\.- g-
). [tD, I
~'
_. q'- .2 cA ,
+
,::;.5- % .- , b M, ;
W,' ~ '" ^' ( ' .! m.. n s L^ tCdggg#' s.
.- .t v 1 - -- [~-. 5' , . /L . :<
I. T w ' . ( q 'p-Y
; -s i
' Q 4 % } f.G 1 r.ak ,'s .7._ % f h 'i 5
., . , f. 1- - - - .
'\ *
, )f,7 d.
, i.~, %' ;-,'. \
-. g , /7 u l ,
, - - . - - ,. j. . . . - .
., :=.> t . .-. ll
. a- ; . . h ,
'l l' ; &/ig,.', g
~
i .,/ * . e
, i-/ - -l - c ;
.i 'i \u
. 1 I , ., .,
' g. I',*M, ,7. _.._
J . g., . ...
- y. Ut
( WSW l, l l f l, 7
.l l I f sw ssw L
----- m - =
i L NE f eym . y- f-- -/ - - - ~ 1,hf\,#['}2-1 - -- - p , l r. n . , ) a -- M,8., -4
' p lm:cs - a,l y,-fdV 'N s. ,
v_ _ _
--M -
~ G, % .
f ..
-.s..
4
,Ef "'fU'- / . ENE R ,.a
/
y .. - m j . ._sar- . w s N,
- a. f 1% . / -
.: C' .
/ u.c a . .<
e
]Il l/
/.:c,
~
'g
.c r
>] :p oe p anCN-16 l Iw,b y L ; -y.- -
yy , f 2
,T S - ESE F m.. #-
/
(. . ) <',/ ,
%. " - x
. /
t\ - ' N SE
'kl s [ c.m .n
)w .
1 .
\
. . . .g\ . ..._s .
g .
\-$E ;
.'N-i \-t, \s^..
ls
\' 1 _
- . . a. 1 N ' C D'g...ms..
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
ENRICO FERMI ATOMIC POWER PLANT SSE - u-.% ,- w ' .
'[ [., .
F' \( l "'"~' *"I j F~r pare 1 N}"If "%F \ t L I i
\
\
Sampling Locations By Station Number (immediate V.cinity of Fermi-2) S . I I . 11 W, - .
6
\
[ ., -
,. ~ , .~ ,
h,Yi _ w.. wL h h_ $ Y _f$ go a* . sm y,n,. h5~ y N swe . . ' -
- l_
- l. 1. : * +-y- -w
-- ! g 4
min ma, ar
,p ..
p ?$ * -. W-T, % * '
, ' *l "
3c %,.;-~;.y -. n 7./.uQy, m> 2^t.y
-.;., x! s - -
- 1. .
w . m ,,,'; i.l.(. .
. . ;: .;I.'. w. '
,. e L.:-[
'w.
WHON -15 I hh .%NE
'I --
9, . ,
. .,[.N. pm . .h?_- h,.[*,,3, N~'
y
- s. ,,E.'
pf'-[ o-N' P #[ %,n
.A O lh l. Tu)l , t H: " siii m- _
iI ,y%gf._ ./ . _I nm_. i . :@4 i {, b, P'M+',i@, r.,/ "..~w.F A. , s : Y'~@ - pM/.g s .5 k.u- .f, ~3.- ,.e7.
- -p-M.g j
,.F
. 7 *- Q3 A -., w., s Ljf,p _ ' ' . '*~ .,,i
>c -
;s__ n f o.. r
, ,..j. . ,
-' ' ~ "
]:I/1.=~~ _- . Q;
,Ce, c i >4
'rfs ll'j' f, . '
1 ..-.L,* 1 :_ _ r __ _. . Q.., m' - _,. .~ ... 9 t 1
- .. o I muos 32 .~ '
',,,1
. 1.ts tf a.*-1 .
.YL5({ -' i h
.)
37y 3 .
~#~ .
(* /"'y .I .'#"^*, i [~.4 '
,. -t
+ --g--
}
II ' 'y g M % -~[IP, , , t'- a .a .p f 4 1 \'
, ..p' i ifsk.r ;t __ y/__: ,a_g -...J.
- i _ ,- -
_ ' - a m . :. j,,/.:/, . ;. c - - W _r -- ,l m' ' , g;yw's._ J.-.___-(-' s s
.v
. t ,i m
m o i f) 3, _9 - m > .t - X W ^ N ' . ' '\ ' [ ~'E" T-- __y - N g' _y .
- ?= ,=
~ y'# x q ~ > mucs . , s[ q-_ [i -y/._. ,3 rs -;;mgi ,
\
1 W 4L
~ . ' - M*N W-
\ .f. if.a. --
. t
- I m-. - s\, .
m u ., ~ *
, s '
---- _4 j g ,
Y.' .
.,,, ,,- - - . .L. ,
,. \;,
i ll, ',,/h..# - b-) J.:;---d:_
-7 f 'g
._ .a " -\j
- - . -' , f 4 s- ; ,
d I' I \ # s ' l _- ' h.l /
- s. ~~
l
,f~
p__ Eh __ \ ) . . , A
- b. N,. f j ~$.
~ a.
f L
.I h
,e I
, bt . ^'
.... \ '
~
! r ... uj...z. ,/ .
/
/ \ \ -d,
. ,J s. g .
/e 4 / i I ...g-- -.v-...-
i i 7
. i i
e.8- ' ,7 .- - J ,. , L. - o 9 I i aisf
.1
. , %,) ,s cow.V \ . . . . . ..
.L _,_ i>
- 2 .d'=+- *'h W' .-" ~ b l ^
.a X.Go% \ / ~m*** "
[ KM:li 4 . '" l $ .- " D -
/
.iNy- & m. ,.s ,y, X$~,h g ~ ..~. .
.~..
e - \ r _ . - , if r .. . 7. , _ , ' -'. ~
. . . . . .. \ ll i -
/ [ a-y -
I L .;
- p. . g. . N,-k ,
- p': 3 ==- . .~ . . .
.f .
.1 . .. . rg . ,m2 y. % =-1 ._ s 4 -- m, ,L 3- -
. .yr.gy
[g i .
- b. . 3.s. ' "s I w -..-
.s i , a Nc. - u% s &s, -_.-
[. .h % j . r ,
-i .
l .,, ~. { q" ..h F '.? / i.:.# u l_ _ __ ... - _!_ _,._1,. ,, .; _ _ _ sM ! t l ,
I 5 - r $
, . .. < Js-J 'O
.J
/
~ ~ ....
t ..,._. _ __
- t. -u g" , -.
<- .%._.1 - ./ 1
--+ - , ,
4 - h- -l
- s_ o W'n , --
.- . \-2 /_ ,
-r ..g -
,**' w
- m_ . k _
7 .,2 ,. ' ,;
,e--' ~* '
& - _2_,
,v y_- - - , .
c ._ _;-3H ')
,,__ . _ _ _ . r._, ,.._-
- - .. . .r
,_.a_._ - - e-
-_m/
f '
"J W *
. __ _ . _ . . . - ~
O E V I
-~~ ~
l %,
......N.
l - r-- + - -.s ., ...
= - * ~
- N.,
I,.~ o ,
- . =;:r
- ENRICO FERMI ATOMIO POWER PLANT
/ .====
+
/
UNIT 2 > -~- / _ _ , .12..- ... .. .
- s. ....
T
1~
#~
2, Figure 2
- ' f ~g,,,
- ;;4* , . . . Sampling Locations By Station Number T .,% \ ) . ~* - ~_ ~~ -- (Greater Than 5 Miles) ,
i 7-F
=" :: !**Y yi*
12
\
{ 3, y y v- ' 5 'i '
'~
II, d ,j h4Woodha i' . L *(
*6i!]Eq ? % & 7 '.i:'"'
..; , j % e by 4 4
-phh/o t
i
"." N f+', r
'. 0d :
'; . N N E M..:! d
., g t4 P; !NNWhs ': 12R$ .
d'
.( t* s-30
;t . . .yL..
rn
- c,...sm,,
q
,1 s,6 ~
xy? v . v p.' , ~ , ., ;, y
'h ba= "' -r> -
'{
s r- ,N l .. [f , m
.,,M*+ 8 kn' Sou iNeS-28 L , wlg / t
. 4 ' b" " " i JWQD E h','xNif.j[Carlet[Ps.26~:pyr F %. ~~" Roc w~Q[;/,'T3 .$e
'\ l,d E, @
;7,em..
I-if uu. 4 jj ;;fdf-
,y -m n 89 i
-% h 0JIW J s;s
[s . . . ,
.i ; 3. " % k-s8).,4apg,gL -
g; .eq v e s~- t lx/%zws w Q.m.itj;~3 ', ;p - g;
/g\
*}x/- 'h f r.-
%. mff ,'l, u ;- 1 ; u,: s-3 Y
; j,,
s I !.N /(, ["
~
*s h - M g l s-25 _ .
m A
..,,'%Rf p pi s.p4j { s-is ss / ILES -
bl g L : 'E115,'*3 Olbl.)59?;;s7 p q N
. S-24 ' (;' ,' "
. h*
7 vg i . j' e q e /
.- .g Se 3 P
;^. . gw I l
L s.23 k '-S-12 i
, M 'it . ,
~t
- sis -
Q '.
=wsw'%
p .qy_y& b .S-22 f 9A<0
;4% S-2 u no Q.
3
- /- , o e ../
i
" t- - ;.s l
em< W - , S-21
.h
'c r,f
.SW S A_4 1 3 nj i
ip t= cm LTo 'h umbus SSW y p y y r h }tt A, h ,s ( l
f L
- y kf
.:. b i L.d*l r ~ v' ,
h,Amhtburg . \;1 .y.. s. ,s . .
%- w( .
4 i h'f
)b ENE N-E V N,
4 ~ 1ESE /
-s
'N s N
~ 4 ENRICO FERMI ATOM:C POWER PLANT JNIT 2
' l i
' FIGURE 3 SUPPLEMENTARY TLD LOCATIONS -
- BY STATION NtJMBER
.S\
13
. . I
i i III. SAMPLING METHODS AND PROCEDURES To derive meaningful and useful data from the environmental radiological mon-
, itoring program, sampling methods and procedures are required which will provide samples representative of potential pathways of the area. During tne preoper- ; ational phase of the program, samples are collected and analyzed not only to obtain I background radiological levels, but at the same time to acquire experience with the sampling metho(ology and procedural format dictated by site specific requirements.(3 A. Direct Radiation f
Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used to determine the direct (ambient) radiatjon levels at thirty-seven (37) monitoring points as described in Tables 1 and
- 2. Stations I through 6 are situated in the six sectors around the plant having the highest calculated mixed-mode X/Q values. In July, the TLD network was expanded by thirty locations. These points v.ere selected in accordance with the O R ATS <rins-eround- <ne-sterion) Philosophy outlined in the uSNRC Branch Technical Position on Radiological Monitoring (Revision 1, November 1979).(2) The RATS locations are situated at the site boundary and at cistances of approximately 2, 5, l and 10 miles from Fermi-2. Stations 7 and S-24, the control locations, are located i
approximately 15 and 9 miles west of Fermi-2, respectively, in the least prevalent wind direction. l Duplicate dosimeters of CaSO4 :Dy in teflon, were deployed at each location and exchanged on a quarterly basis. To minimize the in-transit dose contribution, the l dosimeters were annealed close to the site prior to field placement. Freshly annealed control dosimeters were sent along with the exposed field dosimeters to
. determine the exposure received by the dosimeters in-transit from the site to readout in Rockville, Maryland. Calibrations of the dosimeters were performed by obtaining accurately known Cs-137 radiation exposures.
l i 1 O 14 i NUS CORPORATION
l t Q B. Fish Because of its importance to both commercial and recreational fishermen, and the predominance of the species in local waters, yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were collected for the monitoring program. As described in Table 1, perch were collected from Lake Erie in the vicinity of the Fermi-2 discharge (Station 16) and I from the control location in the vicinity of Celeron Island (Station 11) ap-proximately nine (9) miles NNE of the plant. On!y the fall samples were collected
- in 1980 as discussed in Appendix A.
l=
, Using a passive co!!ection technique, an experimental gill net (mesh ranging from l approximately 0.5 to 3.5 inches to decrease size selectivity) was set at each sampling location by biologists from The Detroit Edison Company. The net was retrieved after approximately 24 hours. Entrapped, surviving species other than yellow perch were released.
t C. Shoreline Sediments O Sediments w re collected in November from three (3) locations by biologists from l The Detroit Edison Company. Samples were taken with a Ponar dredge from the vicinities of Point Aux Peaux (Station 8), Fermi-2 discharge (Station 9), and Estral l Beach (Station 10). The locations are shown in Figure 1. The scheduled spring samples were not collected in 1980 and are addressed in Appendix A. D. Airborne Particulates l Airborne particulate sampling was initiated on December 30, 1978 after apprc,x-imately two months of trial operation. Sampling was performed by a RADeCo continuous low volume air sampler (Model HD-28B) by which particulates were
! collected by drawing air through a 47-millimeter diameter glass fiber filter. The a
sampling systems are housed in ventilated wooden cabinets bolted to telephone { poles. I I i O l 15 NUS CORPORATION i _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ - , , . -, _ - . .-c-~-- -
----r - , - --c
f O The air gerticuiete samgiins network consists of foer (*) sterions, one is receted et Estral Beach, two are located at $ we boundary along Toll Road; a control station is situated at the Doty Farm, approximately 15 miles west of Fermi-2. These locations are identified in Figures 1 and 2 and described in Tables 1 and 2. The samples were run continuously and the filter exchanged weekly. The elapsed time of sampling was recorded on an elapsed time meter. Total air volume was calculated from the initial and final flow rates recorded by the Site Technician. Calibrations of each ai:' sampler were performed on January 5,1980, April 4,1980, December 13,1980 and following major repairs. e
' Water E.
The water sampling network consists of three (3) stations, two (2) surface and (1) drinking, as identified in Figures 1 and 2 and described in Tables 1 and 2. A Horizon Interval Sampler was used to collect a small vol,ume of water per day. This was automatically composited into a five (5) gallon container. The sample was collected monthly by the Site Technician. Tbc collection of drinking water is { scheduled to begin at Station 15 (Detroit Water Station, Allen Park, Michigan) when Edison is notified that access to Station 15 has been granted by the City of Detroit. Sampling at this location will be correlated with the finalization of the fuel load data for Fermi-2. F. Milk Milk senples were collected monthly from the Doty Farm (Station 7) on North Custer Road. As a preservative, formalin was added +o each sample at the time of collection. Indicator locations will be finalized following a milch animal survey in 1981 or 1982. The survey and subsequent sample .:ollections will be correlated with the l [ Fermi-2 fuel load date. ! t
;O 16 l
NUS CORPORATION
-. - . -.. - - ~- . .
O Iv. SuMMARv 4ND Discussion or reso ANatyTicat ReSotrS Data from the radiological analyses of environmental media collected during the report period are tabulated and discussed below. The procedures and specifk.stions i followed in the laboratory for these analyses are as rec,uired in Section 5.0 of the Environmental Systems Group Quality Assurance Manual, Issue B, of NuS i Corporation and are detailed in the NuS Radiological Laboratory Manual "En-vironmental Monitoring and Radiological Serivces Procedure / Work Instructions." I Radlological analyses of environmental media characteristically approach and fre-2 quently fall below the detection limits of state-of-the-art measurement methods.(3) The use of "LT" in the data tables is the equivalent of the less than
; symbol ( ) and is consistent with the NuS Radiological Laboratory practice of data i reporting. The number following the "LT"is a result of the lower limit of detection (LLD) calculation as defined in Appendix D. "ND" (Not Detected) is used
.l periodica!!y in the tables presenting gamma analysis respits for various media. It primarily appears under the "Others" column, and indicates that no other
'O detect sie a=== emittias auctides - r* Id'atified. NuS analytical methods meet the LLD requirements addressed in Table 2 of the USNRC Branch Technical Position on Radiological Monitoring (November 1979, Revision 1).(2)
Tables 3 through 11 give the radioanalytical results for individual samples. A statistical summary of the results appears in Table 12. The reported averages are based only on concentrations above the limit of detection. In Table 12, the fraction t , l (f) of the total number of analyses which were detectable follows in parentheses. l Also given in parenthest.s are the minimum and maximum values of detectable l activity during the report period. t l \ I l 1 I
'O l 17 l:
NUS COAPORATION
I 1 h A. Direct Radiation Environmental radiation dose rates determined by thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) are given in Tables 3 and 3A. Duplicate TLD badges of four readout areas
! each were deployed at each location quarterly. The mean values of four readings
, (corrected individually for response to a known dose and for in-transit exposurd are j reported as "a" and "b."
; A statistical summary of the 1980 data is included in Table 12. Individual measurements of external radiation levels in the environs of the Fermi-2 site ranged from 0.09 to 0.24 mrem / day (0.10 to 0.27 mR/ day). Annual levels ranged from 32 to 87 mrem / year (36 to 99 mR/ year). Oakley( calculates an ionizing radiation dose equivalent of 82.2 mrem / year for Michigan, including a terrestrial component of 45.6 mrem / year and an ionizing cosmic ray comt onent of 36.6 mrem / year (excludes neutron component). Since Oakley's values represent averages covering wide geographical areas, the mepsured ambient radiation average of 60 mrem / year for the immediate locale of Fermi-2 may not be inconsistent with Oakely's observations. Significant variations cccur between geographical areas as a result of geological composition and altitude differences.
Temporal variations result from changes in cosmic ray intensity, local huma., j activities and factors such as ground cover and soil moisture. l l f I i ! i 18 1 ! i NUS CORPORATION
.~. .- _.. _.- . _ _ -
I l I i m n N m N N O O. O. O. O. O.
- O O O O O y +, +. +O. +. ++ **
n N @ @ * *
- I ==. =* **
l O O O O O O 4 1 N -. N N N
- a. O. O. O. O. O.
O O O O O se es +O, se +e se m N N N
@ n.
. e.
I .
. O O O O O O
, -. M N N N N
' O. O. O. O. O. O.
O O O O O O
*e *e +e +e +, +e M e @ @ @ m e.
a-s . os.s . . . . O O O O O O
, Q E
8 w G II. N N N N N N C g O O. O. O. O. O. O. m , w O O s 2O E 3
# e
.O.
e
+,
e
.O.
.O.
e
.O.
e
+.
e e N .* . g g C C O O O O
- *f l .F O N k a
W
]e E e N N N O.
N O. N O.
,,,3 e . O. O. O.
O O O O C O O O O +, s.
- s. +.
< ~
5 3.,. m
+, s, e
- e. e. e e
~.
g . o.
. . .. O O
g g g. e O O O. O 3 g 3 e G S'
= - E .
e +, *
= N N N N N
.2 # O* O*
2 E O O* O O* 1. e E= C
- C O O* O O O
+,
O +, +, +, +. +, e 4 s N e @ e e W w e.s.
. . . . . ee.
O t. 4 e O O O O O
* .k e. eD G *
" O N N N N .= N O. O. O. O. O. O. =,=.
w
-$c C O O O O O .3 + +, +e +e +,
O
+e +e 0
m M N N
=.=. to +0 O O O O O O , ,
0 9 > \ O m I N 3v # I ( 5 5 , F i e o I = m I t n a N I " N f e e , m a
- N - N I - -
i , J l l I i 19 I i
- . . , - , , - - , n . , - - - , - - - - - , .--,.-,,,..-.n. , - , . . - , -- -,,n~.n ,,.n., , . , , ,,n---- , ,,-- - - - - , - . , , - - , . . .,
i I
! TABLE 3A Environmental Radiologics! Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 i
D(/ Preoperational,1980-Q3 and Q4 Direct Radiation - Analytical Results { Results in Units of mR/ day 2o (II -
; Station 03 04
'. umber a b mean # a b mean ( }
j 1 0.10!O.04 0.18!0.04 0.14!0.04 0.11IO.02 0.17!0.03 0.14I0.02 2 0.2MO.02 0.18!0.03 0. 9 !0.02 0.16!0.03 0.20!0.03 , 0.18!0.03 3 NS I3I N5 N5 NS , 4 0.18!0.01 0.23!0.04 0.20!O.02 0.17!0.02 0.15!0.02 l 0.16fo.02 I 5 0.20I0.02 0.21!0.03 0.20!0.02 0.18!0.02 0.18IO.05 0.1820.04 6 0.15!0.01 0.18IO.08 0.16IO.04 0.!5IO.03 0.16IO.02 0.16IO.02 7 0.19IO.06 0.2110.02 0.20!O.04 0.13IO.03 0.1310.02 0.13IO.02 5-1 0.21IO.04 0.22!0.02 0.22!0.03 0.24IO.04 0.17!0.02 0.20!0.03 l 52 N5 N5 N5 NS 5-3 0.22!0.02 0.20!0.03 J.21 IO.02 0.19I3.04 0.18!0.03 0.18!0.04 5-4 0.18IO.02 0.15IO.03 0.1610.02 0.13IO.03 0.15I0.02 0.14I0.02 5-3 0.18IO.02 0.17!O.02 0.18IO.02 0.12IO.02 0.12I0.02 0.12!0.02 5-6 0.22!0.02 0.21!0.03 0.22!0.02 0.1810.03 0.17IO.04 0.18IO.04 5-7 N5 N5 og17IO.03, NS 0.17IO.03 5-8 0.23IO.05 0.21!0.02 0.22!0.04 N5 NS 5-9 0.21IC.03 0.24!0.05 0.22!0.04 0.17!0.03 0.15IO.02 0.16!0.02 5-10 0.19IO.01 0.20!O.03 0.20!O.02 N5 NS 5-11 0.18!0.02 0.20I0.03 0.19I0.02 0.16IO.02 0.18IO.08 0.17IO.05 5-12 0.25IO.09 0.240.03 0.24!0.06 0.14IO.03 0.2020.03 0.1720.03 5-13 0.19IO.02 G.24!0.02 0.22!0.02 0.18IO.02 0.19IO.03 0.18IO.02 5-14 0.22 0.G1 0.18!0.02 0.20!O.02 0.12IO.03 0.16!0.02 0.14I0.02
, 5-15 N5 NS 0.13IO.02 0.11!0.02 0.12!0.02 5-16 0.21IO.02 0.20!O.03 0.20!0.02 0.18IO.02 0.18IO.02 0.18I0.02 NS 0.18IO.03 0.16IO.02 0.;7IO.02 5-17 NS 5-18 c.23I" 03 0.26IO.02 0.2410.02 0.18IO.03 0.25IO.05 0.22I3.04 5-19 0.22IO.03 0.27!0.03 0.24!0.03 0.25I0.04 0.21!0.03 0.23IO.04 5-20 0.17IO.03 0.17!O.03 0.17!0.03 0.12!0.02 0.!!!0.02 0.12IO.02 5-21 0.21!0.04 0.21!0.03 0.21IO.04 0.16I0.03 Od4IO.02 0.15!0.02 5-22 0.18IO.03 0.15IO.02 0.1610.02 0.*8 IO.02 0.13!0.02 0.16IO.02 5-23 0.18 IO.01 0.17 IO.05 0.18!0.03 0.10I3.02 0.12 IO.04 0.11!0.03 5-24 0.18IO.06 0.22!0.01 0.20!O.04 0.13I0.03 0.1720.03 0.15!0.03 5-25 0.20!O.02 0.19I0.03 0.20 !O.02 0.23!0.03 0.18IO.03 0.20!O.03 ; 5-26 0.20!O.02 0.20!O.02 0.20!O.02 0.13!0.02 0.14IO.03 0.14IO.02 5-27 0.1610.03 0.1920.05 0.18IO.04 0.15I0.05 0.1#0.03 0.1500.04 , 5-28 0.19IO.02 0.16I0.02 0.18!O.02 0.13IO.02 0.15IO.02 0.14IO.02 5-29 N5 N5 NS N5 SM NS NS N5 NS i
j Q (1) 2 x standard deviation of four(4) readout areas
. (2) Simple average (rounded) I simple average (rounded) f (3) NS = No Sample (TLD verwenHead) 20 4
, , , , . . , , , , . , , ,,,_y ,_ _ _ , _ _ , , , _ _ _ .
t { B. Fish f The resuits of gamma analyses performed on yellow perch ( Perca flavescens) I' collected during 1980 are presented in Table 4. Although only one sample 3 collection from each location was performed in 1980, the results have been
! included in Table 12 for completeness. ?
Naturally occurring K-40 constituted the major detectable nuclide activity in the
; flesh portions of the fish. Cs-137 was detected in the sample collected from 4
Station 11. This isotope has been identified in fish samples collected from this i location in previous years. Since it is present in global fallout, the occasional detection of Cs-137 in environmental media is not unusual. O I
.O .E I
21 NUS CORPOAATION
,O s
r e (D D D D ht N N N N o 7 3 0 0 0 0 1 S 7 6 1 6 8
- 2 2 !
~ s T T T 7 7 2 C L L L 2 1 2 4 0 8 0 4 t 4 3 1 3 1 2 1 t 1
. s T T T T T T C L L L L L L 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 9 8 4 3 4 6-
) a n T T T T T T n 2 Z L L L L L L o
2
. it t r e o w 0 0 0 0 0 7 8 P 6 3 3 3 2 1 1 2
e m - k o T T T
- T T T i
l b lC
/ L L L L L L m
r i d Cp e ( E f f 8 0 O 0 0 0 0
, s o 5 6 T 6 3 3 3 s -
n l t t o T T T T T T i a u s i nC L L L L L L r e g U o R s
- r e in P l a d s9 0 0 0 0
1 4 2 0 0 g c i l c lt5- 1 1 1 6 9 8 n it u e i 0 ly u s T T T T T T r N eF
.O 4 E
it o n o 8 9 1 a n A n
. it g
R L L L L L L L M l a t
)
B ) 2 n A T l a o ns im E 4 ( 0 0 0 0 9 0 c ia ce t 5 4 5 4 2 1 2 ig r s a n T T T T T T l o ep e v m M L L L L L L 6 o a a m d e lf a a P r G R a 0 0 0 0 0 0 ) c r 0 0 0 0 0 0 d l a e 0 4 4 4 4 2 3 e 4 I 1 ! 1 ! ! d t P 0 0 0 0 n n ( K
- 0 0 0 0 0 0 u e 0 3
0 1 3 1 4 8 o m h 3 3 3 3 2 2 r n c r ( o r e e i P g v a n w I r E o I e I v ll e n I n a a a I Y e I e e
- a b m a h m lp m
hs is i F gn ! linoi ) d pat 1 e mc ao 61 1 d n ~ SL u d - o r e t ( c e n e t n n a t u - o 0 g h a e o i t cte 8 2
- r e
T s D C l ea 1 v a s e t o e oD t l 1 L N a C 1 l e = c p = W ; iS m TL ND R c ~ r t e r O a ) ) ) ) 4 2 3 4 u ( 1 ( ( ( Q ~ ^ ~ n
' h 4! i l i, i iI { 4 . ii i!1 1, i
O c- shoreiiae seei= eats 1 The processes by whict) radionuclides and stable elements are conce7trated in
; bottom sediments are complex, involving physicochemical interaction in the en- ! vironment between the various organic and inorganic materials from the watershed. , These interactions can proceed by a myriad of steps in which the elements are } adsorbed on or displaced from the surfaces of collodial particles enriched with chelating organic materials. Biological action of bacteria and other benthic i, organisms also contribute to the conce: tration of certain elements and in the acceleration of the sedimentation process.
Results of the gamma isotopic analyses of the sediments sampled from the Fermi-2 4 c ivironment are given in Table 5. The cverage, fraction of detectab'es, and range of radionuclide concentrations are summarized in Table l '. Samples were collected only in November (see Appendix A). In 1980, Cs-137 was detected :n the sample collected from Station 9. A review of O historical data shows that this isotope has reutinely been identified in sediment semples from this location. The mean Cs-137 concentration of 380 pCi/kg (dry) is consistent with previous results. k i .
.O
, ! 23 NUS CO APORATION
l I ( O
' . =
)x ~c zz c oc zz oc zz k
o o
- N g m
_ bQ-~S ., .. .. O O
~ . E 4, www > > >
u , .a a .a S. R. S
- .a 4 ', b RSS Sb! RRS l 4 >>w www >>>
v .4 .a .a aaa aa J o 222 aaa aaa Can aaa
.T C G
$$k
~=- kkk k$$ ==
= S RSS 288
.' 5 R .R aR . .T . a naa u
=
y ; <228 0
--- KB d - 223
-n n E . R82 S8R 288 C
' E $ ,- R nnn Con n"n g
E g y gag - a. --s8 gia - - p g q~ -
.S . .. s ..3 328
., n a asa E !
y, o o . l g-~~SSS S. S. R SR2
'O :i;4 1._11
!=~ 8 s2_
!!_ ala - -
i i g -m M 35
=
d s$w e_ - a _=_ d - d 4 4 . r _
@ . h. b I,,j-g
=
a non 222
~--
o n .- S. g e.
~a=
-S=
J - ig 3 *l N N N I ~l -gs syg gsu 3 g I 5
- dRx : . . 1 -
s 3 g , RSS 8RR 228 i g a =* - a - - e . a :gR . .d - S~ M.E. 3-~-.,32 3 J ,
.-- .2 0 W C s s sv
. . .s 2 e o E e a E em E +'
j m
"
- 2 li
- 5. -
8
. Id
. st e -
a
?
a
?
a
?
W6& L5 I -
* & g E g. 2 2 2 3 6 i i -
3 I i y
}w-a J z ow e
,O l
i -
= _= _= _=
I . 24 f
D V D. Airborne Particulates The weekly gross beta results for airborne particulates are listed in Table 6. The results of ga nma analyses performed on composited filters quarterly, by loca Sn, [! are given in Tables 7 and 7A. A statistical summary of the data is provided in Table 12. t On October 16, 1980, the Peoples Republic of China conducted an above ground j nuclear weapons test. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) monitoring
! data indicate that high altitude debris from the test passed over the west coast of the United States early on October 19, l.980. Debris did not reach the east coast ,I until late on October 20. Initial USEPA test results showed only traces of ground level activity directly attributable to the weapons test. Milk samples contained no l activity above normal background. Subsequent but less intensive USEPA monitoring of air particulate samples indicate a slow buildup of gross beta activity. ; This trend is considered somewhat unusual based on the absence of " peak" periods normally associated with the cyclic passage of radion'uclides from atmospheric nuclear tests. ,O In considering the results of gross activity measurements, it i, imp ~ tant to keep in mind the inherent limitations of gross beta counting for mixtures of unknown composition. The counting efficiency for an unknown mixture of activities varies considerably with the energy of decay and the amount of absorbing material in the sample. Because of this, the results of gross activity measurements are difficult to interpret.
USEPA observations are supported by the gross beta results of air particulate samples collected after October 16, 1980 from the Fermi-2 area. As indicated in Table 6, average gross beta activities increased beginning with the sampling period October 14, 1980 to October 21, 1980. This trend continued for the remainder of r i
- the reporting period.
1 e
- i
, 25 i
i NUS CORPORATION
f Q Gamma analyses of the fourth quarter composites identified various fission prod-ucts attributable to the chinese test. The occasional detection of Cs-137 in previous quarterly com r ites s is ilkely associated with long term global f allout. 1 . 6 ? e 1 4 1 iO l ( l l - t I t
,O i
l 26 NUS CORPORATION
i TABLE 6 1 4 Environn.cnial Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2
- Preoperational, 1980 1
A_ ir Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Beta Results in Units of 10- pCl/m 12a i i i ! Station Number j Month Sampling Period 1 4 5 7 i i January 1-5-80 24 1 5 33 16 79 18 NS to a(II b 27 15 32 16 70 1 7 i i 1-12-80 mrj2) 2615 32 16 74 1 8 )*"u l-12-80 a 28 1 6 32 1 6 66 1 7 NS , to b 32 1 6 38 16 72 1 7 1 1-19-80 mean 30 16 35 16 69 1 7 1-19-80 a 17 15 ~23 16 15 15 NS to b 20 1 5 18 1 5 15 1 5 ! l-25-80 mean 18 1 5 20 1 6 15 'l 5 } l-25-80 a 1.' I5 16 1 5 39 I 6 NS 1 to b "2 1 5 17 1 5 36 1 6 ' 2-2-80 mean 12 1 5 16 1 5 38 16 i 4 i [ i i i i
O O O TABLE F (Continued) l Environmental Radio!cgical Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980 A3r Particulates AnalytiTal Results - Gross Beta l Results in Units of 10~ pCi/m 1 2a Station Number Month Sampling Period 1 4 5 7
, n -
February 2-2-80 a NS 14 I 5 35 I6 NS
! to b 11 1 5 28 1 6 j 2-9-80 mean 12 I 5 32 16 i w 2-9-80 a 16 1 4 41 16 80 1 7 NS I " to b 14 I 'i 35 1 6 69 1 7
) 2-16-80 mean 15 1 4 38 16 74 1 7 1 2-16-80 a 21 1 5 29 1 5 60 1 7 NS to b 21 1 5 - 22 1 3 48 16 1 2-23-80 mean 2) I 5 26 1 5 54 I 6 i 2-23-80 a 37 I 11 30 1 5 68 1 7 23 I 5
- ta b 25 1 12 27 I 6 60 1 7 16 I 5 i 3-1-80 mean 31 1 12 28 I 6 64 I 7 20 1 5 1
1 i i l 1
~
O O O I TABLE 6 (Continued)
- Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980 J
l Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Beta l Results in Units of 10- pCi/m 1 20 1 j Station Number
- Month Sampling Period 1 4 5 7
! March 3-1-80 a 37 I 13 18 I 5 41 1 6 8I4 I to b 55 I 15 17 I 5 35 16 5 14 ) g 3-8-80 mean 46 I 14 18 I 5 38 I6 6I4 1 'D . 3-8-80 a 12 I 3 23 I 5 54 1 6 .15 13 to b 9I4 19 I 5 45 16 15 I5 3-15-80 mean 10 14 21 I 5 50 I 6 14 1 5
- 3-15-80 a 9 I4 17 I 5 45 26 9I6 to b 8I4 ~ 15 1 5 44 I 6 7 I6 5 3-23-80 mean 814 16 I 5 44 I6 8 I6 I 3-23-80 a 9I3 13 1 3 16 1 3 4 14 1 to b 14 1 2 17 I 3 21 1 3 61 3
- 4-5-80 mean 12 1 2 15 1 3 18 I 3 5I4 I
1 I i ? {
.- - ._ -. . .- - . = -. - _ .
~ -- -.. - - . - .. - , - ., .
o O o J J TABLE 6 (Gontinued) Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 198G s Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Beta I Results in Units of 10-3 pCl/m ? 2a i i l Station Number i i 4 5 7
! Month Sampling Period 1
); l ! April 4-5-80 a 12 1 4 13 14 39 I 5 4 13 l to b 7 I4 6 I4 34 16 10 14 i i 4-12-80 mean 10 14 10 14 36 1 6 714 l ! w 4-12-80 a 12 14 18 1 5 36 16 11 14 t l i to b 10 1 4 14 14 29 15 8 14 4-19-80 mean 11 I 4 16 14 32 16 10 14 4-19-80 a 16 I 4 2215 34 15 5 14 ' to b 15 1 4
~
17 I5 36 I 6 10 f4 s 4-2f-80 mean 16 1 4 2015 35 16 8 14
;-.2930 a 10 1 4 12 1 4 19 1 5 LT 6
! to b 8 14 10 1 4 18 1 5 LT 6 ; 5-3-80 mean 9I4 11 14 18 I 5 LT 6 l t e i l 1 l i l i h
O O .__ O. . .
. ABLE 6 (Continued) )
Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980
- Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Beta Results in Units of 10~ pCi/m 12a
! Station Number Month Sampling Period 1 4 5 7 i May 5-3-80 a 18 1 5 23 15 32 14 12 14 to b 17 I 5 20 15 26 1 4 10 1 t, 5-10-80 mean 18 1 5 22 1 5 29 14 11 14 I M 5-10-80 a 16 1 4 18 14 49 1 7 7 14 to b 14 1 4 15 14 42 1 7 10 14 5-18 80 mean 15 14 16 1 4 4617 814 a 5-18-80 a 12 I 4 26 1 5 NS 20 14 I to b 17 15 -24 1 5 14 1 4 5-25-80 mean 1014 25 15 17 14 ' 1 I 5-25-80 a 26 1 6 37 16 NS 19 I 5 I to b 30 1 6 29 I6 24 1 6 5-31-80 mean 28 1 6 33 16 22 1 6 l 1 4 1 i
! O O ._ O i TABLE 6 (Continued) Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 l Preoperational, 1980 I Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Beta
-3 pCl/m 1 2a
! Results in Units of 10 i 4
- Station Number i Month Sampling Period 1 4 5 7 June 5-31-80 a 14 1 4 22 1 5 NS 13 14 to b 16 1 4 21 1 5 8 14 6-7-80 mean 15 1 4 22 1 5 10 14 w 6-7-80 a 18 14 26 14 LT 10 13 14 I
to b 14 1 4 21 1 4 LT 10 14 14 1 6-15-80 mean 16 1 4 24 1 4 LT 10 14 14 l 6-15-80 a 16 1 5 15 1 5 NS !! 15 . i to b 16 1 5 ~ 15 1 5 13 1 5 i 6-21-80 mean 16 1 5 15 1 5 12 1 5
! 6-21-80 a 22 1 4 26 1 5 NS 19 I 4
! to b 25 1 4 30 1 6 20 14
! 6-30-80 mean 24 1 4 28 1 6 20 1 4 t
t i 1 i l 1 i
1
~ - ~ ~ -- .-. .
o j a O O i 1 TABLE 6 (Continued) 1 Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 .i Preoperational, 1980 1 i Air Particulates 4 Analytical Results - Gross Beta Results in Units of 10- pCl/m 1 2a l l 1 Station Number 4 5 7 Month Sampling Period 1 i July 6 50-80 a 11 1 5 NS NS 13 1 5 ' l b 11 1 5 11 1 5 ! to l 7-6-80 mean 11 1 5 12 1 5
- w 7-6-80 a 24 1 5 32 1 7 27 1 11 36 1 10 22 1 5 36 1 8 23 1 11 32 1 10
!" to 7-13-80 b mean 23 1 5 34 1 8 25 1 11 34 1 10 ) l l 7-13-80 a 14 1 5 13 1 7 NS 13 1 3 to b 14 15 -15 1 7 13 1 3 ! 7-19-80 mean 14 1 5 14 1 7 13 13 4
- 7-19-80 a 20 15 LT 7 NS 19 14 i to b 14 I 10 LT 7 16 14 r
i 7-27-80 mean 17 1 8 LT 7 18 14 ,1 1 i } l 4
. O O O TABLE 6 (Continued)
Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980 Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Beta
-3 pCi/m 1 20 Results in Units of 10 Station Number 4 5 7 Month Sampling Period 1 a 25 16 NS NS 24 16 August 7-27-80 19 I6 to b 22 16 8-2-80 mean 24 16 22 16 a 16 15 NS NS 14 1 5
% 8-2-80 to b 17{5 18{5 16 - 5 8-9-80 rnean 16 - 5 8-9-80 a 914 NS NS 614 b 914 . 11 1 5 to 8-16-80 mean 9 14 3 14 a 61 4 NS NS 12 1 5 8-16-80 9 14 to b LT 6 mean (1/2) 10 14 8-23-80 8-23-80 a 21 1 5 NS NS 23 15 to b 2015 25 I5 8-30-80 mean 20 I 5 24 ! 5
- - . . . w
... -- -. . . . ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~
4 O O ~O 4 TABLE 6 (Continued) Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 l Preoperational, 1980 i
- Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Beta Results in Units of 10- pCi/m 1 2a k
Station Number i Month Sampling Period 1 4 5 7 1 4 l September 8-30-80 a NS NS NS 11 1 5 i to b 15 1 5 j 9-7-80 mean 13 1 5 i 9-7-80 a NS NS NS 19 I 5 i to b 15 1 5 l 9-14-80 mean 17 1 5 i ! 9-14-80 a 35 1 7 NS 24 16 15 15 i to b 39 1 7 - 21 16 12 1 5 ! 9-20-80 mean 37 1 7 22 16 14 1 5 I ) 9-20-80 a 25 1 5 20 1 7 20 1 5 13 14 1 to b 27 1 5 19 1 7 25 1 5 8 14 l 9-28-80 mean 26 1 5 20 1 7 22 1 5 10 14 i 1 i-1 I
.. - - - . . ~ . . .. ._
O O O TABLE 6 (Continued) . $ Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 l Preoperational, 1980 i Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Bete Results in Units of 10-3 pCl/m 12a t 4 , Station Number Month Sampling Period 1 4 5 7 5 October 9-28-80 a NS NS 30 1 5 18 1h l to b 3214 19 1 4
- 10-7-80 mean 31 1 4 18 14 i
M 10-7-80 a 10 1 5 12 1 5 12 1 5 LT 7 to b 915 15 15 915 9 14 10-14-80 mean 10 1 5 14 1 5 10 1 5 (1/2) l 1 I 10-14-80 a 38 16 4116 33 16 37 16 i to b 33 1 6 30 16 27 16 35 16 10-21-80 mean 36 I 6 36 1 6 30 1 6 36 16 l } i 10-21-80 a 35 16 36 1 6 34 16 59 16 ! to b 26 1 6 29 16 29 16 47 16 10-28-80 mean 30 1 6 3216 3216 53 16 l i
~~O;~ O _ o__ _
TABLE 6 (Continued) Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980 Air I .rticulates Analytical k esults - Gross Beta Results in Units of 10-3 pCl/m 1 2a e i Station Number
- Month Sampling Period i 4 5 7 1
November 10-28-80 a 37 16 33 16 23 1 5 34 1 6 i to b 34 16 31 16 18 1 5 33 16 11-5-80 mean 36 1 6 3216 20 1 5 34 1 6 t w 11-5-80 a 2615 23 15 1215 2015 to b 27 16 17 1 5 915 22 1 5 4 11-11-80 mean 26 16 20 1 5 10 1 5 21 15 i 11-11-80 a 17 15 46 16 35 16 51 16 to b 15 1 5 43 16 25 16 43 16 I 11-18-80 mean 16 1 5 44 1 6 30 1 6 47 I6 11-18-80 a 41 1 5 61 16 43 1 5 41 1 5 j to b 42 15 64 16 47 15 44 1 5 11-26-80 mean 42 15 62 16 45 15 42 1 5 j a i 4
O O O TABLE 6 (Continued) , i i Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980 l Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gross Beta Results in Units of 10- pCl/m 1 2a l. I Station Number , Month Sampling Period i 4 5 7 December 11-26-80 a 48 I 6 NS 71 1 7 30 1 6 to b 48 I6 61 16 34 1 6 12-4-80 mean 48 1 6 66 I 6 5216 12-4-80 a 79 I6 NS 83 16 66 16 5 to b 39 17 -80 16 66 1 6 12-13-80 mean 84 1 6 82 1 6 66 1 6 ! 12-13-30 a 48 1 5 NS NS 51 1 5 l to b 53 I 5 - 51 1 3 ! 12-22-80 mean 51 1 5 51 1 5 12-22-80 a 70 1 8 110 1 9 NS 76 I 8 I to b 76 I 8 110 1 9 85 18 12-28-80 mean 73 1 8 110 1 9 80 + 8 , (1) Replicate count l (2) Simple average (rounded) i simple average (rounded)
- (3) NS = No Sample 1
(4) LT = Less Than (5) Fraction in parentheses indicates number of detectables/ number of analyses l l
o O . O 1 TABLE 7 I Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program Fermi-2 Preoperational,1980 4 Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gamma Emittinst Nuclides Quarterly Composite, By Location (1980-Ql,Q2,Q3) i Results in Units of pCl/m ! 2e Quarter Samplina Location Cs-134 Cs-137 Be-7 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ru-103 Zr-95 Nb-95 Bi-214 Otters 4.2E-0) 1.0E-03 ND('I ND ND ND ND ND ND i I a LT 1.lE-03( I LT I.0E-03 ND ND NO ND ND b LT 2E-03 LT 3E-03 3.0E-03 1.lE-03 ND ND mean LT 1.6E-03 LT 2E-03 4.6E-03 1.0E-03 6.8E-03 9E-04 ND NO NO NO ND ND ND 4 a LT SE-04 LT 9E-04 ND ND 1 6.3E-03 9E-04 ND ND ND ND ND b LT l.lE-03 LT 4.2E-03
' mean LT l.0E-03 LT 4.0E-03 6.6E-0) 9E-04 i 1.lE-02 1.3E-03 NO NO ND NO ND ND NO j 3 a LT 1.lE-03 LT l.5E-03 ND ND ND ' b LT 1.8E-03 LT 3E-03 1. lE-02 1.4E-03 NO ND ND NO mean LT 1.4E-0) LT 2E-03 1. l E-02 1. 4 E-03 7.6E-03 2.0E-03 ND ND NO NO ND ND NO 4 7 a LT 1.3E-03 LT l.6E-03 ND ND NO ND LT 2E-03 6.6E-03 1.9E-03 ND NO ND b LT 1.3E-03 l
mean LT 1.6E-03 LT l.8E-0) 7.lE-0) 2.0E-03 ) ND ND NO NO ND ND ND 2 I a LT 1.6E-03 1. l E-03? 5.7 E-04 7.4 E-03!I .2E-03 P'D ND f LT 2E-03 7.9E-0)fl .lE-03 ND ND t<D ND ND b LT 1.lE-03 4 mean LT l.3E-0) (1/2) 7.6E-03!2.0E-0) j i 4 a LT 4.6E-03 LT 3E-03 7.9E-03f t.lE-03 ND ND ND NO ND ND ND NO ND I LT 9E-04 9.0E-43I I.0E-03 ND NO ND ND ND ! b LT 6E-04 mean LT l.lE-03 LT 2E-03 8.4E-03fl .0E-0) 1.2E-02I2E-03 NO NO ND ND NO ND ND 5 a LT 4E-03 LT 4E-03 ND ND 1.3E-02*2E-03 ND ND ND NO NO 4 b LT SE-0) LT SE-03 1 LT 4E-03 LT 4E-03 1.2E-02,2E-03 mean 6.0E-03 I8E-04 ND ND ND ND NO NO ND 7 a LT 7E-04 LT 9E-04 ND ND ND LT l.7E-03 5.8E-0)f9E-04 ND ND ND ND b LT 1.lE-03 ?
- mean LT 9E-04 LT 1.3E-03 5.9E-0)I8E-04 1
i t
~ ~ - - --- - - - . ~ - . . _, . . . . _ ..._ _ _
-O . O ._.. _,O . _
TABLE 7 (Continued) Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program. Fermi-2 Pr <gerational, 1980 Air Particulates i' Analytical Results - Gamma Emitting Nuclides Querterly Composite, By Location (1980-Ql,Q2.Q3) I Results in Units of pCl/m I 2e Quarter Samplina Location Cs-134 Cs-137 Be-7 Ce-141 Ce-144 Ru-103 Zr-95 Nb-95 M it Others 3 1 a LT 1.2E-03 LT 2E-03 S.2E-03!0.9E-01 ND ND ND NO ND ND ND b LT 2E-03 LT 2E-03 4.6E-03!0.9E-03 Nb ND ND NO ND ND ND mean LT 4.6E-03 LT 2E-03 4.9E-03!0.9E-03 4 a LT SE-03 LT l.3E-42 9.0E-03!3.6E-03 ND NO NO ND NO NO ND b LT SE-03 LT 1.2E-02 LT 9E-03 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND mean LT SE-03 LT 4.2E-02 (1/2) 3 a LT 3E-03 LT 2E-02 7. I E-03!2.7 E-03 ND ND ND ND NO NO ND
- ND 5 LT 3E-03 LT SE-03 1.2E-02-0.3E-02 ND ND ND NO ND ND l
b mean LT 3E-03 LT 4.4E-02 1.0E-02f2.8E-03 7 a LT SE-04 LT 2E-03 3.6E-03!0.8E-03 ND NO ND ND ND ND ND ! b LT 2E-03 LT 2E-03 3.6E-03IO.8E-03 ND ND ND ND ND NO ND mean LT l.4E-03 LT 2E-03 3.6E-03!0.8E-03 l b-i i i (1) Repticate count 4 (2) Simple average (rounded) ! simple average (rounded) ] (3) LT = Less Than 1 (4) ND = Not Detected j (3) Fraction in parentheses indicates number of detectables/ number of analyses t 2 i i h l l i
4 TABLE 7A Envirosynental Monitoring Program Fermi-2 Preoperational,1980 Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gamma Emitting Nuclides Quarterly Composite, By Location (1980-Q4) Results in Units of pCl/m 3 2e Samplina Location Cs-l)4 Cs-137 Be-7 Ce-14 I Ce 144 Quarter I a LT 1.2E-0)(N LT l.2E-03 3.9E-03!8E-04 2.)E-03 f6E-04 2. 3E-0)?i .4 E-03 4 b(II LT 1.0E-03 LT l.0E-03 6.lE-03f8E-04 2.7E-03 f6E-04 LT SE-jg mean(2) LT 1.lE-03 LT 1.lE-03 6.0E-0)ISE-04 2.6E-0)!6E-04 (1/2) 4 a LT 1.SE-03 LT 2E-03 8.6E-03fl.3E-03 3.4 E-0)fl . 3E-03 LT 1.0E 02
- LT 2E-03 b LT l.3E-03 LT 2E-03 8.9E-03-l.3E-03 LT 6E-03
'. mean LT 1.3E-03 LT 2E-03 5.EE-03II.3E-03 (1/2) LT 2E-03 3 a LT l.6E-03 LT 1.4E-03 7. 2E-03!! . 2E-03 2.3E-03fl.3E-03 LT 7E-03 b LT 1.3E-03 LT 1.4E-03 6.2E-03f l.2E-03 3.6E-03fl.3E-03 LT 7E-03
. 3.0E-03fl .3E-03 LT 7E-0)
" mean LT 1.4E-03 LT 4.4E-03 6.7E-03!! .2E-03 i
7 a LT 6E-04 LT 7E-04 4.9E-0)f7E-04 2.0E-0)!5E-04 2.2E-03!l . 3E-03 b LT SE-04 LT 7E-04 3.9E-01ITE-04 2.3E-03!5E-04 LT 4E-03 mean LT 7E-04 LT 7E-04 3.4E-03! 7E-04 2.2E-0)fSE-04 (1/2) 1 l i t ? 6 j i
~
O O O TAbtE 7A (Continued) Environmental A4onitoring Program Fermi-2 Preyrational, 1980 Air Particulates Analytical Results - Gamma Emitting Nuclides Quarterly Composite, By Location (1980-Q4) 3 Results in Units of PC1/m 1 2e tJb-95 N-214 Others Samplina Location Ru-103 Zr-95 Quarter 2.6E-0)f7E-04 ND ND I a 4.0E-0)!?E-04 2.0E-03?I .lE-03 ND 4 2.3E-0)!IE-04 3.0E-0)!7E-04 NO b 3.8E-0)IFE-04 mean 3.9E-03!7 E-04 2.2E-03! !.0E-03 2.8E-03!7E-04 a 2.8E-03!I .lE-03 LT 4E-03 2.7E-0)!I .lE-0) 4.2E-0)!I.9E-0) ND 4 3.8E-03?l .2E-03 3.5E-0)f l.6E-03 ND b 3.7E-0)!! 2E-0) LT SE-0) 3.2E-0)!! .2E-03 LT 4E-03 3.2E-03!I .2E-03 3.8E-03f l.8E-03 mean 1.8E-0)!I.lE-03 ND ND 3 a 3.lE-03! !.0E-0) 2.4E-03! !.4E-03 ND b 2.SE-0)fl .lE-0) LT 4E-03 3.2E-0)!I .lE-03 ND 0 mean 2.8E-03! I.0E-03 (1/2) 2.5E-0)fl.lE-03 2.)E-0)f7E-04 ND ND 7 a 2.9E-03!6E-04 2.3E-Os!9E-04 NC 2.5E-03!! .lE-0) 2.8E-0)!6E-04 ND b 3. lE-03!7E-04 mean 3.CZ-03!6E-04 2.SE-03?l.0E-03 2.6E-0)!6E-04 (1) Replicate count (2) Simple average (rounded) ! sisnple average (tramded) (3) LT = Less Than (4) Fraction in parentheses indicates number of detectabh s/numWr of analyses (3) ND = Not Detected
i i O E. Water 3 Analytical results of gamma emitting nuclides and tritium for all water samples are presented in Tables 8 and 9, respectively. Gross beta results of the drinking water i samples are reported in Table 10. A statistical evaluation of the analytical results
, is given in Table 12.
Mn-54 and Cs-137 were detected in the May samples collected from Station 13 l' (Monroe Water Statioid. These isotopes were not detected in their respective duplicate samples. The occasional detection of Cs-137 is probably a result of long term global fallout. The identification of Mn-54, .s corrosion product, is likely attributable to counting statistics. No other gamma emitting isotopes were detected in any water samples collected during the reporting period. Detectable tritium concentrations ranged from 200 to 310 pCi/l for all monitoring stations. These measurements are not inconsistent with, historical tritium concen-trations identified in the environs of Fermi-2.
'O The gross beta actlvity for drinking water at Station 13 was consistent during the reporting period with an overall mean of 4.3 pCi/1. This nu..1ber was calculated from detectable measurements only.
i l t 0 t
}, 43 f
NUS CORPORATION
- . . - . . - . ~ - - - - . . _ . - - , _ - . . . _ . . - - - - . . _ - - . .
t
=
j ~E2 92 ff f@ @E @@ E@ EE 22
; 3
; a = e== m- ... ::: es= e== ene n==
4 www www asawwwsaa www >>> >>> >a>a>aaas aaa G aaa asa aaa aaa t, . 5 . = ... .S= .~. =ce :.a ... ... .~. A www s-> >>> ww- s-> www www >>> >>> u aaa aaa Jaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa s
; * : :.~ === ~.. === ==. e.. ~.. .~.
I u
>.e
-> ww-aaa aaa aaa a ss
--> www www sww -->
a a a .t Jaa das aaa ada s-w --> 4 i ~ i - . E e
! 4 : . =se z. ~.. :: .. s.. ... ...
- , 4 2
N aaa aaa www ada >>- aaa >>-aaa www asa >>> Jaa --- aaa>>> a >>s>a e v e y i y ~ o
=== ama n== ... an~ sm: w-> www www www >>>
n== === ::: E. - e www aaa-** aaawww aaa www aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa
= m -
I.* E 9 s . 8-
-. ,=I i s ... ... ... ,,,... ... ... ... ~~~
,{ .
u 6 asa saa
>>> -w- >>- www saa asa osa >>> www aaa saa wwwsaa ->> asa >>>
L4 W . ;
< _D
- 2. s
*E j. s a =~= === =ec .. ::: w->
se. ... ... .~.
-w- >>> -ww >>>
c : u 6 >>- www www aas saa aos asa asa aus >>> saa saa asa
=
. a.
3 Y K a c.: n== nen .~. san :.e c n www ->> --> www ww-
>>> aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa
--- www w
4 aaa aaa w-- I = A U * ~= ,. 022 222 .n. ::: .. ..~ ~~~ ..~ i l 'd 3 aaa>>> aaa>>> aaa >>> aaa >>> aaa www aaa aaa >>>aaa >>>aaa --- s s s s s s s s :
..E ..I ..I .. ! c I .. I .. I . I .. I r
- I %r = = =
~
s 1: = = = 33 1: : : t . l i e - e . s 3 3 4 5 1 u m 2
'}
P e
i. i gez ce gg ee ce ce oc ee ce zz zz zz zz zz zz zz 4 3
~
j 2.2 222 0= RRR ... ~st t~0 R~5 .22
--- ~-- --> --> s-- w->
- i. >-> -w-k >a a a aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa B =~s c. .e~ ... ... McE -e. 2= ese 4 >-- --> --> s-> --- *-0 w-> s-- ---
u aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa oa aaa aaa aaa
'.' 5 =.. =. ..i .. ... e=. -s- .e~ c.. e=.
w-> ->> 4 ->> >>> >>> ->> - :- w ww- < u aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa
~
, - e
, E e
! .s =. .. ~.. . . e ces see .=.
- d. :9 - - >>- --> -~~ ~~~ >-- --> s-> -->
. 9
- n aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa e
5 e E
- m r y
~
w .=- >->
~ze ~=. -s-m..
w--
~=s .s z~ .zs s-- --- --- ---
S 5 ~l >a a a aas aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa y, 3 g
= R
-i 2
8 i s .. .. e.. -~~ --e .s~ :-~ se. c. u
- 3_ .,5 -
u' --- aus saa -- aaa --- aaa -~~ asa --- saa --- osa --- saa --- asa ---
. _. . a v.. 3
. o g
- s x ... ... -. me. e, .s~ .e~ :. .=.
< E l.a "
4 -s- >-- --- s-> s-w --- w-w 1 u aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa M s U
; a === .s= .cs =.s s.. sa: n~c z~s ~me ---
. 4 --> s-w asa -- aaa s-- --- ww- --- s--
Q L aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aad aaa a i e s ~.. -~. ~~.
.. ... .nz
>-- >>> **5 1..
-sw
- -. e=e aaa >>> aaa ww-3 aaa aaa aaa ae- aaa aaa aaa i
l s s s s s s s s t t . .n l an i .nl .al .nl .nl .nl .nl.nl 11 is l 33 m s = c = = c e : 1 t y 36
~ g (b ~I u 3 4 i
4 I 4S i t l
I f 1 Ee EE EE @@ 99 @E ff 29 O l o
- t. === ags =s .me .:. s.e 22: :e 3-
-ww ww- -w- --- ->> www -> ---
2 saa asa asa asa asa asa saa asa i' 5 ... .=e ~.. .=. ~. .~ ... m.= a w-> ->> s-> www s-w ww- >>> ->> aaa asa
. t u aaa aaa a. a aaa aaa aa-E ... =e. ~~. ~e. ~. : e ... .-~
4 ww- ->> www >>> ww- www www -->
; u aaa aaa .s a a aaa ada aaa aaa asa i - N , s . .
i i- ~-- === -.. .:. ~~. ... ... =-. www
, 1
= n --a aa
~~s aaa aaa ~~~ aaa www aaa >>> asa aaa aaa
-ww I E i
C y j s e.s
--> www ses e. .:. ... e.: 22 R.=
--* ***aya >>>aaa www ww- ~~w
~
z aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa
}Et
+
e q g
- 8.
, s --. _-.
4 -- --- _ ~_.- ~ . _.- ... ..~ _-~
--- --- --- --- --- -ww u asa asa asa asa aaa asa saa osa
=2 1 =,
8
;< 11 , e .. e== ~~. .e~ ~.-
-. .=~ e-.
> 1 -
s www >~~ u aaa aaa www aaa aaa aaa aaa ->> www >>> www aaa wwwaaa
&.e a
= i "
3 5 m ::: *** .:. 2= .e~ 2.0 :22 2.s 4 ww- --> --> -ww w-w www ww- www w aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa 3 5 x -.. ... ~.. -.. ~ . , - .. ~= .s
>>r saa aos
>>s e a a .,s->
>>> mas asa 999 ->-
aaa >>> asa aus i s s s s s s s s s
.nl .nl .nl .nl .nl .nl .nl .nl .nl 4
43 2 : : 2 : : 2 = l ; , i
'O "
- f }
t
. _ . _ . . _ . . _ _ _ _ . , , _ _ _ . ~ . . _ - . _ . _ . _ . _ . . _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ . - _ . - . _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . _ . _ _ - , . . _ _ _ _ _ . . - . _ .
l I
, a ! }
c z c z cc zz cc zz c z c z cc zz cc zz cc zz O S , 3 SmU Sek Nm) Swk $gO $$$ m$$ $$$ dSO m 4 >>> >>> www www www add Jad add add ddd www aad add>>> aad dda >>> >>> B s2U .2 eee e.m ee. ~mm ~mm :=2 .e. a www >>> www >>> www >>w >>> >>> ada daa www
, o ada daa aaa dda ddd aaa da-i b Um2 mew Cwm Sem Cem mee cem Om2 een, A >>> www >>>
u aad aaa ada aaa ada aaa ada aad daa www >>> www >>> www www i
. N
- e E e
$ . d Um2 Dem :=2 Cem ee. =~m ene UeS nem 4 a >>> >>> >>> www >>w sww -ww sww www
~ N. daa dda ddd ddd dda Jda add dad ada 0
3 . t y " Q RSC Rat RR Rm* t>> ddd daa >>>add>>>dda >>> ddd >>> ddawww Jaa >>> add add >>> rww it 3 - 3 Ocm Se. Ce~ em um. mee ee. men c2 & 8 .I 3 - u j se e 6 >>w www --> www www wwwmad www sww www O - m M
.e D b,
]
u dda daa dad ddd ada add ddd daa o 3 R US Uem een 3em S ci e m#% %== 200 efe Y g j
- 4 www >>> --> >>> www www www >>> >>>
> st a G d .r a aaa add aaa aaa dda add dad Jad 3* s u e RU8 S%C EUN RNf Sw2r-- 35 Rd SRf wRC 3
s t --- --- aad
---ddd -->Jdd --~ --- --- --- dad g
c L. dda add dda ddd ddd - 1 4 a> w k IAS mem $@= eh emd he@ q - =$ emm www www >>>dda >>>dda www y dda>>> dddwww dda>>> dda>>>
, dad aad ddd g e
s s s s s s s s : { j 2 I aal mal eai aal eal eal eal mal mal ** 2 X
- E Sh f5 s = c U s : 2 = =
s.!"$f5
! _s
*z,e
- .g2,.=sv t
mj g j w j w Jaa0E2 ijt j - 1
- =====,
u 8 e
--..-,._,,-,.~.-,,,,-.-m., ,,,..,_..,,.,,.m
, . _ , .,v..,._,,..____.___,.. .,r.,,__ , , . - . . , . . . - , . , . . , , . . _ . . . , _ . , - . . , _ . , , .
I, t O TABLE 9 Environmental Rt.diological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980 Water Analytical Results - Tritium Quarterly Composite, By Location Results in Units of
; Quarter Sampling Location pC1/1 - 2o 1 12 a LT 300 b LT 300 mean(3) . LT 300 '
14(I LT 300 i O a b LT 300 . mean LT 300 13 a LT 300 b LT 300 mean LT 300 2 12 a 230 1 200
, b LT 300 i
mean (1/2) IN , 14 a LT 300 l b LT 300 mean LT 300 i 13 a 310 1 200 b LT 300 l
.' mean (1/2) t' O
1 - 48
i O
- TABLE 9 (Continued)
Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2
} Preoperational, 1980 l
Water Analytical Results - Tritium
- Quarterly Composite, By Locailon e
Results in Units of Quarter Sampling Location pCl/l 2 2a , t 3 12 a LT 300 b LT 300 mean ' LT 300 o 14 a 200 1 180 , O b mean 201 180 220 1 180 13 a LT 300 b 240 1 180 mean (1/2) l I 4 12 a LT 300 { ' b LT 300 l mean LT 300 l 14 a LT 300 b LT 300 mean LT 300 13 a LT 300 b LT 300 mean LT 300 (1) Surface water l I, (2) Drinking water (3) Sirnple average (rounded) ! simple average (rounded) (4) LT = Less Than (5) Fraction in parentheses indicates number of detectables/ number of analyses l 49
f l TABLE 10 l Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980 1 : ,
; Drinking Water , Analytical Results - Gross Be3 Results in Units o'
' Compositing Month Sampling Location pCl/l 120
; January 13 a 5.9 1 1.8
- l b 5.1 1 1.6
! mean (I) 5.5 1 1.7 February 13 a 3.6 1 1.6 b 4.8 1 1.5 mean 4.2 1 1.6 March 13 a 3.0 1 1.3 b 3.5 1 1.2 3.2 1 1.2
] mean 3.8 1 2.0 l April 13 a 6 8.4 1 2.1 mean 7.1 1 2.0 May 13 a 4.5 1 1.4 "
b 2.0 1 1.3 mean 3.2 1 1.4 June 13 a 5.0 1 1,5 b J.6 1 1.4 mean 4.3 1 1.4 f I 4 l ! lV l 50
O TABLE 10 (Continued) i
, Er.vironmental Radiological Monitoring Program, Fermi-2
! Prr. operational, 1980
}
Drinking Water, Analytical Results - Gross Beta Results in Units of Compositing Month Sampling Location pCl/l 12o l July 13 a No Sample b
; mean August 13 a LT 2(2) b LT 2 LT 2 mean September 13 a LT 5
'h mean ( /2) (3 October 13 a 2.6 1 1.4 b 2.8 1 1.7 mean ?.7 1 1.6 November 13 a 7.1 1 1.5 b 4.3 1 1.4 .
mean 5.7 2 1.4 December 13 a LT 3 b 3.6 1 1.8 mean (1/2) ! (1) Simple average (rounded) ! simple average (rounded) (2) LT = Less Than (3) Fraction in parentheses indicated number of detectables/ number of analyses i
}
,'O 51
t O l I
! F. Milk <
a j The analytical results of gamma emitting nuclides in milk are reported in Table 11. The only nuclide identified during the reporting period was naturally occurring K-
- 40. ,
A statistical summary of the analytical data is provided in Table 12. i I t O t , I f f I O I l ! 52 NUS CORPORATION ,
. , - . - . . - . - - - _ _ - - . . - _ _ - . - - , . - . . - - ~ , _ . . _ . . . -
o i --- -- -
.o O.
[, TABLE 11 i Environmental Radiological Mordtering Program, Fermi-2 Preoperational, 1980 ' Miik i 1 Analytica) Results - Gamma Emitting Nuclides Results in Units of pCl/l ! 2a Collection Month Statien Number Cs-154 Cs-137 Ba-La-140 K-40 Others January 7 LT 8 II LT 13 LT 11 13001 100 ND( February 7 LT 4 LT 8 LT 3 1300! !00 ND March 7 LT 6 LT 7 LT 8 1200!!00 ND l April LT 8 LT 9 LT 13 1300!!00 ND j, 7 '" May 7 LT 3 LT 5 LT 5 1200!!00 ND June 7 LT 4 LT 10 LT 7 1200!!00 ND July 7 LT 7 LT 8 LT 9 1500!!00 ND l ~ August 7 LT 5 LT 6 LT 11 13001100 ND j September 7 LT 8 LT 9 LT 13 1400!200 ND
! October 7 LT 14 LT 11 LT 17 1200!200 ND November 7 LT 6 LT 6 LT 15 14001200 ND December 7 LT 10 LT 11 LT 14 1200!200 ND i
I (1) LT = Less Than (2) ND = Not Detected i i
-~ ~ ~- - _. . . . .. , . . . - .. _ _ , _
TABLE 12 awirurammtal sadiolorjical penitortir; Prtyrma Anraial hgort Name of Facility: Eirico Perini teilt 2 nxiet te). 50-341 tocation of Facility 30 miles Suttmeest of tetrcit, Michigan (Freruttraan 1tmaut.ip) Mortirus Period; n M =r 29, 1979 thrumpi January 6,1981 rn er Limit All Iailcator locatim with Q1strol nsen.r of sentiaan or ?atkaany of locatime Highest Anrnal nsan Incations nsiroutisse Sampled type arul 10tal >=**r DetactionIII Maan(f) (2) name nsan t f) 14 n wilf) (2) h gorto.1 Range Distance & Direction Ibrsje Rarqts nsasuresamts (thit of >=wimmant) of hlyses Perfcmmal (IJD) 11D's - Direct Radiation c - Dame 149 0.lal (137/137) Station S-19 0.24 (4/4) 0.17 (12/12) 0 ( mR/ day ) (0.10 - 0.27) Site mantary W (0.21-0.27) (0.13-0.22) Plamh 0 16C1/k9 (wet wel(Atil C- Rasc 4 Own (1) indicator It-40 3300 (2/2) locatim samplel 2800 (2/2) T (310&3500) durirmj reportiraj (2400-3100) per54 130 IID F'
- IJD 0 It-59 260 IJD uD 0 Q>-58, 60 130 uD uD 0 2n-65 260 IID IJD 0 Cs-134 130 IJD uD 0 4
Cs-137 150 uD 22 (2/2) 0 (17-27) su> reline samtiments(3) Camuna Rec 6 8**'*** 3 ItC1/kg (dry wights! Bi-214 550 (6/6) Station 9 820 (2/2) 0 (260-890) 0.2 mi. E (740-890) Ptr214 560 (6/6) Statim 9 820 (2/2) 0 (320-920) 0.2 mi. E (710-920) Ra-226 350 (5/6) Station 9 870 (2/2) 0
- (130-900) 0.2 mi. E (840-900)
Bi-212 920 (2/6) Station 9 1300 (1/1) 0 (540-1300) 0.2 mi. E (1304 1300) Ftr212 270 (6/6) Statim 9 450 (2/2) 0 (130-460) 0.2 mi. E (440-460) T1-208 410 (6/6) Station 9 600 (2/2) 0
, (300-670) 0.2 mi. E (530 -670) l t
3 , j .
"~ -. . ~- -_. _ . , , . ._ _ , _ , __ -- .-- -- -. ~ - - . , . - _ __ ,,
' O
~
/ ~
TNME 12 (Quitinuisil Dwi 11 mental wdiolojical nmitorinj Program Annual legort Nane of Facility: Duriou %sul thit 2 Docket n). _50-33 locatim of Facilitys 30 miles Soutinaast of Detroit, Miditaan (Prerxhtrui 1twuhip) Reportissj Periods Duceder 29, 1979 thrtasjh Jarnary 6,1981_ r location with Qx. trol t&mter of Izmer 1.imit All Indicator locations nstrustine Highest Annual than Mtallimi or Pattamy of locations n.anif) U3 ptsanif) (2) gm Sampled Tyte and 1btal Mader DetectimIII h(f) (2) muse Dis *e 6 Direction Range _ Rarge _ _ , itsasurem2nts of Analyses Performd (rJD) Range (thit of ta=amirement) siorelbe Sadimmtall) 6 (Qmtiraali Gamuns Rec (54J/kg (dry wight)) (Qmtirutui) 620 (2/2) 0 l 430 (6/6) Station 9 Ac-228 0.2 mi. E (540-690) (J10-690) 14000 (2/2! 6 13000 (6/6) Station 10 0 K-40 1.1 mi. NE (13000-140001 (11000-14000) 0 150 IJD 0 Cm-134 38 0 (2/6) Station 9 380 (2/6) Cs-137 180 (3;0-4 30) m
" (340-430) 0.2 mi. E 37 (70/72) 22 (83/84) 0 310 10 29 (221/226) Station 4 I Althorin Farticalates Crosa Ata 0.6 mi. taw (6-110) (4-85)
(6-110) (1 E-03 sci /m3s Gamma Qec 32 Altborne Particulates 0 ) (1 E-02 gcl/m3) 0.05 IJD - 0 Cs-134 0.06 (JD 0.55 (/8/8) 0 Cs-137 0.80 (23/24) Station 5 0.99 (8/6) 4 Ikr-7 0.6 mi. NW (0.62-1.3) (0.36-0.76) (0.42-1.3) 0.30 (2/8) 0.22 (2/8) 0 J 0.30 (5/24) Station 5 l Or-141 0.6 mi. tw (0.25-v.36) (0.20-0.23) (0.25-0.36) 0.25 (t/8) 0.22 (1/8) 0 l 0.25 (1/24) Station 1 l Ce-144 1.3 mi. tE (0.25-0.25) (0.22-0.22) (0.25-0.25) 0.39 (2/8) 0.30 (2/8) 0 0.33 (6/24) Station 1 (0.29-0.31) na-103 1.3 mi. tE (0.38-0.40) (0 25-0.40) 0.24 (1/8) 0.25 (2/8) 0 0.23 (3/24) Station 5 (0.25-0.25) Zr-95 0.6.ai. IM (0.24-0.24) (0.'80-0.25) 0.32 (2/8) 0.26 (2/8) 0 0.28 (6/24) Station 4 (0.25-0.28) 782-9 5 (0.18-0 .38) 0.6 mi. t#W (0.27-0.38) 0 0 .38 (2/24) IJD 0.38 (2/24) Station 4 Bi-214 0.6 mi. few (0.35-0.42) (0.35-0.42) I
O
/
U )
\
TAldE 12 (Oo6tirmasil F3misusumital R.mliolojical Heitority Projrain Arvaal haamrt 4 W Mame of racility Ehrico twrmi thit 2 inuiet m. 50-341 tocation of racilitys 30 miles saatta.= st of tietroit, Madit<3an (I'seruhtine Swudsip) Ihspartiss) Nrials tauxsitmer 29. 1979 thrtasjh Jarnary 6,1981 Imer I.imit All trailcator I4x:atiorn esith amtsol Mader af etmihan or Patia.ay of IIx:ations Hi@ nest Arumaal ?ttan locations M mrtaatine Larplat Tyle armt Datal 84sener DetecticrnIII han(f) (2) nun, ~h ntf)123 shan(f 3 (23 seque tad (taitt of P- al of Analyses Nsfonnest (IJD) Rarmas Distance 6 Directior Itwuje Rmuje Hamu tse nt s mter, Sat f ace / 1 DrintLiraj n (pci/ liter) Geman .W 70 (s) d te, wIing 8tv-54 15 5.6 (1/46) station 13 5.6 (1/221 IJD 0 i sus su>t taast initi- (5.6-5.6l 1.2 uni. s (5.6-5.6) atal at the drinking Itr-59 30 IJD IJD 0 unter control locationt 02-58/60 15 IJD teD 0 e 33-65 30 IJD IJD 0 Er/ter95 30/15 IJD IJD 0 Cs-134 15 IJD IJD 0 Cs-137 18 5.4 (1/461 station 13 5.4 (1/22) IJD 0 (5.4-5.43 1.2 mi. s (5.4-5.41 ths/1.s-140 60/15 IJD 0 Tritiuin 24 2000 260 (3/163 Stathm 13 200 (2/81 220 (2/0) 0 (230-310) 1.2 mi. S (240-310l (200-240) taiskirmj mter Gauss Ebta 22 4 4.3 (10/22l
- um (1) isalicator Rs data, smo- -
(gCi/ liter) (0.2-8.41 locatiosi sisaplest plism; lus ra>t Arlina repastirsj Lamsi initiatal ga:riut at control 1 locatican. Milk Gusms 4=sc 12 Ss dats, iraticatar lu:4tiuis not finslizul. Cs-134 15 IJD 0 Cs-137 18 IJD 0 Ihi/ta 540 60/15 IJD 0 1 It- 40 1300 (12/123 0 4 (1200-1500) IU IJD = timmer I.imit of In_ta:tiura as &fisms.1 isi t2un Luac Brandi Ttutunical Pusithm on ratiolojical envirtasmsital nasillos inj, T. stale 2, (n estar.a 19 79, fuishm II. II nsen mal rasps L.s.=t upm detectable s-auusants only. Fractism of & tax: table seamartsamts at agas:ifial locations is tinlicatal in parentJamni (f l . IN take Erie ciaramt gattaans 1si the Wrai-2 arian f!ta:taute in (ggosite diructium alusj aim >reliJe crotaars for agpsuminutely ups! &rattuns & rises an manaal ga: rial. As a resalt, rm) *amtrol" lu:ation is establiadel. . 9
1 i V. REFERENCES
- l. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Comraitsion, "An Acceptable Radiological Environ-mental Monitoring Program," Radiological Assessment Branch Technical Position, March 1978.
- 2. U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, "An Acceptable Radiclogical En-vironmental Monitoring Program," Radiological Assessment Branch
, {
Technical Position, November 1979, Revision 1. t
- 3. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, " Environ-
, mental Radiation Measurements," NCRP Report No. 50, Washington, D.C.,
l December 27,1976.
- 4. Oakley, D. C., " Natural Radiation Exposure in the United States," ORP/SID 72-1 Office of Radiation Programs, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., June 1972.
l 5. Personal Corr.munication, U. S. Erivironmental Protection Agency,
! February 1981.
I *. O. i i l \ l l l t 1 \ O
\ '57 l
~
I NUS COAPO AATION
O APPENDIX A i Desiations in the Sampling and Analytical Regime , i The following deviatioris in the Fermi-2 monitorir g program have been documented by NUS Corporation and transmitted to The Detroit Edison Company during 1980. A. Direct Radiation The TLDs deployed at Stations 3, S 2, S-7, 5-14, S-17, S-29, and S-3C for 1930-Q3 and Stations 3,5-2. S-7 (1 TLD), S-3, S-29 and S-30 for 1980-Q4 were rr.issing at the time of collection. Vandalism, inherent to a field program of this type,is assumed to be responsible. 1980-Q4 was the sc ond consecutive quarter in which T,LDs deployed at Stations S-2,5-7, S-29 and S-30 were vandalized. Since the locations have caly been included in the program since mid-1980, no data has been obtained to date. If this pattern
\
continues, these stations may be relocated to !ess visible areas. B. Fish / Sediment i No spring fish or sediment samples were collected by Edison biologists as scheduled. Edison personnel changes apparently resulted in a communication l breakdown relative to sampling schedule requirements. l l C. Air Particulates No air particulate sample was collected at Station I for the period February 2, 1980 to February 9,1980. A blown fuse on the instrument was discovered by the Site Technician. The cause was most likely attributable to short circuit caused by l l heavy rains. The fuse was replaced and routine sample collection initiated. l l 58 NUS CC APC A ATICN
i O so air particuiete sempies were coiiected from Station 7 for the period aenearv 5 i 1980 to February 23, 1980. The instrument normally installed at this location and also the spare sampler were still at the vendor for repairs. Following repairs and 1 [ calibration, the instruments were shipped to the Site Technician for installation in I late February.
; Data recovery from Stations 4 and 5 was very limited during the middle of 1980 as evidenced in Table 6. Although the Site Technician was performing preventive maintenance on all instruments, malfunctions still occurred. Some samples were declared invalid upon receipt at the NUS Laboratory. This wa a result of an
; instrument (s) not operating when the Site Technician made his scheduled weekly
' collections and could not determ;ne a final flow rate. There was evidence,
. however, to support instrument performance during the week. The instrument timers indicated some collection had occurred and the filters were " loaded." Other problems such as broken oil lines, oil reservoir leakage, split vanes, and electrical olfficulties impacted data recovery. .
D d Pending contractual agreements (Edison /NUS), instrument venJor misplacement of records and back-orders delayed the purchase of spare equipment. Edison now has two complete spare sampling instruments and an inventory of spare components which experier.ce has shown are particularly subject to failure. 1 Air particulate samples not collected or void _.1 during the fourth quarter are ad-dressed in the following t.lble: l O i 59 t j NUS COAPO AATION
.. .~
/
O coitection eeri a stettom "e m be<<s) netiemeie 9/28 - 10/7 1,4 Station 1 - instrument not functional at time of collection. Could not determine final flow rate - sample
, voided (spare installed).
Station 4 - flow indicator erratic - sample voided, r
, 11/26 - 12/4 4 Recurrence of 9/28 - 10/7 problem i
Sample voided. 12/4 - 12/13 4 Continuation of 11/26 - 12/4. Problem ident!!ied during audit. Site Technician instructed to re-pair within 24 hours. Loose hose-breach of vaccum. Sample voided. f 12/13 - 12/22 4,5 Air particulate samples from both locations placed into same envelope by site Technician. Impossible to differentiate samples - both voided. 12/22 - 12/28 5 Instrument not functional at time of collection. Could not determine final flow rate - sample voided. i
\
O 60 NUS CORPOAATION
a i D. Water i . ; No drinking water sample was collected in July from Station 13. The City of Monroe changed locks on the doors to their pumping station where the sample is collected sometime during the month. The Site Technician was not able to gain access to this location until approximately one week af ter the scheduled collection. Because the schedule date had passed, the technician erroneously disposed of the July composite in order to begin collection of the August sample. The tritium samples collected in June and July were inadvertently discarded with the packing material upon receipt in the laboratory. 4 O f o
. t i>
61 NUS CO APQ AATION l i l- - . . . , . . - .- . .. _ , . . ..-_--,m... . ~,-....,..-,m. -, . . . ... , , . . , . -- , - . - - - - - ---.
O v APPENDIX B Laboratorv Quality Assurance { g
!. Introduction The quality assurance program of the Radiological Laboratory of NUS is briefly
' described in this appendix. Information on each incoming sample is entered in a permanent log book. A sample
! number is assigned to each sample at the time of receipt. This sample number uniquely identifies each sample.
Separate laboratory notebooks are used for each major environmental monitoring program. Laboratory counting insmunents are calibrated, using radIonuclide standards ob-
,O tained from the Nationai eureau of Staneares, the era, ane re11aeie commerciai suppliers, such as Amersham-Searle. Calibration of counting inrtruments is main-tained by regular counting of radioactive reference sources. Background counting rates are measured regularly on all counting instruments. Additional performance checks for the gamma-ray scintillation spectrometer include regular checks and adjustment, when necessary, of energy calibration-Blank samples ars p;ccessed, with each gro::p of samples analyzed for specific adienuclides, using rad!ochemical separation procedures. Blank, spiked (known quantities of radioactivity added), and replicate samples are processed periodically to determine analytical precision and aceraef.
II. Laboratory Analyses for Quality Assurance The quality assurance procedures employed in the conduct of radiological mon-3
' itoring pr grams by the Northern Environmental Services Division Radiological k .O NUS CCAACAATCN f
i 62
l i j () Labe atory are as required in Section 5.0 of the Environmental Systems Group Quality Assurance Manual and detailed in the NUS Radiological Laboratory Manual. These procedures include the requirement for (1) laboratory analysis of samples distributed by appropriate government or other standards-maintaining agencies in a ( i laboratory intercomparison program, (2) analysis of some of the client's en-vironmental samples split with other independent laboratories, and (3) analysis in i, duplicate of a specified fraction of the client's environmental samples.
', A. Samples Split with Independent Laboratories Aliquots of shoreline sediments collected in November from Stations 8 and 10 were
- sent to an independent laboratory for gamma snalyses. The results are listed in Table B-1. Considering the low levels of radionuclides present in the samples and the difficulty included in processing se& ment so that replicate, homogeneous portions may be obtianed, the agreement between the results is considered good.
Samples of water collected in December from Stations 12 and 14 were sent to an independent laboratory for gamma analysis. Composites of gater for Q-4 collected
] from the same locations were also split for tritium analysis. The results of these analyses are shown in Table B-2.
Af ter analysis at NUS, the December milk sample from Station 7 was sent to an independent laberatory for gamma isotopic analysis. The results appear in Table B-3. B. United States Environmental Protection Agency
. Intercomparison Program i The NUS Radiological Laboratcry participates in the U.S. Environmental Radio-activity Laboratory Intercomparison Studies (Cross-check) Program. The NUS results of analyses performed on samples pertinent to the Fermi-2 program during l 1980, and the known values are listed in Tables B 4 through B-8.
( f3 NUS COAPC AATION
i, i ! l 1 j 4 i' !
- i
' I j r, :,9 .t I: '- C. In-House Duplicate Analyses i t l 3 { l -{ The majority of analytical work for the Fermi-2 program during 1979 was perfer:ned in dupilcate/ replicate and has been addressed in Tables 3 through 12. i I . .e i I e i e 9 P t P I b l q - t I l i i~ ) i h
- t I
1 l l l l 4 i p I i s e I lI ' r
+
.{ NUS CCRPORATION 64
. . . _ . . . .- -. -______.-___.-__.-_...___s . . . . _ . . _ . _ _ . . _ . . . .... _ . . _ . . _ _ _- . .. - . . . _ . _ . _ _ -.
J I
-- -~ .
6 Altl l' li- 1 1 i l~nvir oe p uri s t.il li.aelsolo gie '.il 14 a ge .am , 17er me-2 e i 14cupes a tional, 1980 f' a l Wucime Vdiments - leulepesulent Lalmral.>ry ite>idth I Gamma Emitting Nminics i ollet t eon Sampling itesults m linits of WM ilsy I 2n _ l Qiarter tute t oca tion lis-214 1%-214 Ita-226 1%i-282 l'h-212 TI-20s Ar-228 K-40 Cs-I l4 Cs- l l/ 11 -223 III 4 11 12 80 8 NR ' NR I. T 300 NR NR NR NR 11000 I 1000 L T 20 LT 20 1100 ! 10 . 11-12-80 10 NR NR L T100 NR NR NR NR 13000 1 1000 LT 30 LT 20 2900 f to ,-, l l 0 (l) NR 4 Not llegmrted l (2) LT Less Than ( 1) - Ili-228 a uncent ation was calculated ming 1%-212 and 156-212 gamm.s energies 4 l t i i i i t . 1 i i 4 k i - _. _ . . . . , -_
, I i i 4 s O
TABLE B-2 i Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program 4 Preoperational, 1980 2 e Surface Water - Independent Laboratory Results Gamma Emitting Nuclides/ Tritium 8 Collection Sampling Results in Units of pCi/i 12o Quarter Date Location Cs-137 Others H-3 i 4 12-23-80 12 LT 6(I} ND 2) 170 ! 100 12-23-80 14 LT 9 ND 240 I 100
'O l (1) LT = Less Than I
(2) ND = Not Detected i (3) Quarterly Composite l 1 s l i t i i
'O
}
4 , ' t, o6 NUS CORPOAATION I
1 F O TABLE B-3 t' Environmental Radiological Monitoring Program Preoperational, 1980 t t Milk - Independent Laboratory Results f
- Gamma Emitting Nuclides
' Collection Sampling Results in Units of pCi/l 120 e , , Quarter Date Location Cs-137 K-40 Others I
4 12-28-80 7 LT 7 800 I 100 ND
- . 900
- I00(2)
O ( (1) LT = Less Than (2) Revised result from independent laboratory (3) ND = Not Detected i
)
i t I e
- O I
1 i , I 67 NUS CO APORATION
.- . , _ , . . . _ . _ _ . _ , . . . . _ . . _ . _ _ _ _ _ . . . _ _ _ . - ~ . _ . . _ _ _ _ _ . . _ _ . . . . . . . _ . _ . _ . . . . . , _ _ . . _ . _ . . . _ . _ . .
m... t
'l i
f i O- TABl.E B-4 I United States Environmental Agency
; Intercomparison Program - !?a0 t
Analytical Results - Gross Beta in Water i Month Known Value NUS Value pCi/l I 3 pCi/l( ' z January 45 ! 15 50 March 22115 25 May 14 1 15 22 July 38 ! 15 92 (49) 2) September 21 ! 15 24 November 13 ! 9 16 t 1 (1) Mean of three reported values (2) The value originall/ reported to EPA for this program was high
! due to the use of an incorrect gross beta transmission factor curve.
The number in parentheses is the corrected calculation. e 1 O 68 1 NUS CO APC AATION
y h l f 4 4 *) A O A
- 4 o 4
- 4 w A.
. a.
l e
=
a o C
== N w N_ e_ -
. = 4, w w w
. . a .a .a g
( e
- M M @
e @ N M re V 6 0 a= N w m, s _1 =- 8N l ., h w w w 3
<. .c.
1 1 7l . .a a a
.~ ;
- z. ao <
- 2. T ,
em . . T h 5
- r A-a
- 2 p
~
O O O e
,1 e e M ^
++
., .- y - ., N - N
.. C . -
Y
.. .. +.
< -I ~
* - O O
O O
^
= s g % -
4 .P. f 3 wg = e. e
=-
== ==
,"
- b M
> /
?
~
" i*
O , w "J m [ ^ m 7 1 2 2 o e
- < , a -.
- A . .e 2 o o o
-: %~-
S e
@ f &
S A m. - - M ' y
- o M e e N k
=
1 e A m as ee
*u .
em
- ")
- m.
- o.
- o p
- -e I ee Q G
l k" t 3-
-e -
-, A.
%l 1 =
- h .=
{ s Q T N
% A E en aC w w 5
t 4 4> l
-- - wwg,,-v-- ------,--me- -, - - ,y, - , , , ,-r-,r-e-..,e.-,_. .,.,,n.,.e---r--,,,,- , e, ane- ., - - - . , ,,- , a,--,,<=e,-.,,,w--- , , , -e-e,- .--- , ,, , , - , - - - -
i r i O
, TABLE B-6 United States Environmenta! Protection Agency 1 Intercomparison Pregram - 1980 l Analytical Results - Tritium i
i 1 Month Known Value NUS Value (pCi/l 13a ) (pCi/1) February 1750 1 1023 1660 i April 3400 I 1080 3003 June 2000 1 1035 1947 August 1210 1 987 1200 October 3200 1 1080 3067-(1) Mean of reported values i. I i I O i g NUS CORPORATION
wv (- l.ml
%s
- g i
.4 M -
c'
'w .'
O 9. O N O -E l 'w I - si 8 "e, 1 ^ p 5 5l \ d
-E
.I e. +
N 0
' y 1 *e N r 0l W
! o, I 4 m A
> w S
T e w
- b N
( b w i - c O J ~
~
3- # r 5"5 c O-
- - e l w
*. d
. .C
.e -
g I - 1 =- e e N w - em s AC 1 % am
$ G *
-2 ,'O - .. .e C- -,- *
- O N
.. =.
3 - E E
- U * -
5 .3 = 2 3 3 d. 3 e e c: -
-y
, .=: --
o o
', 21 -C*
5, r w - ~ e es* l - I e 1- = e.
. *e 4
! - - - 4 e , 2 Cf.
- e e
. 2 e
+, .*
t ]> 4 e ' d e N (;' H N k 9
- e e
'A - "
4 e, .s 6 - 4
^ 7
- e y
- - E
- e. .. 2 y -
, p w 4
- O " *
- m
- 9 y -
1 D m 5W e "
- 2 g
~
5u : - -
; - N w -
.c ,
I r
'71 1
e
l ) l . I 1 O 4 TABLE B-8 i
, United States Environmental Protection Agency
,! Intercomparison Program - 1980 i f' Analytical Results - Cs-137 and Gross Beta - Air Filters 1
t NUS Value (pCi) I Known Value (pCi I 30), 1 i Month Cs-137 Gross Beta Cs-137 Gross Beta
! March 20 I 15 41 I 15 27 45 1
; June 12 I 15 28 I 15 16 29 September 10 1 9 10 I 9 11 11 (1) Mean of reported values i
i i 1 d
- l 1
J
- j e 72 NUS COAPORATION
=-___ ___-_ - - _ _ _ __
i 1 l i APPENDIX C i i Analytical Procedures t . i Environmental samples for the Fermi-2 environmental radiological monitoring
; program were collected and analyzed in accordance with procedures described in '. detail in the NUS Laboratory Marual " Environmental Monitoring and Radiological Services Procedures / Work Instru:tions." These analytical procedures have been ; adapted from the published analytical methods of the Environmental Measurements a
Laboratory (EML - formerly HASL), the laboratories of the Environmental
. Protection Agency, and pertinent ASTM procedures.
I r S
= 'O l e 1
l I l i 6 l l 1 i l O l l NUS CCAPCPAT CN l l I 73
i i O APPENDIX D i l Reoortinst of Analytical Results l In the tables presenting analytical measurements, the calculated value is reported with the two sigma counting error (2a) derived from a statistical analysis of born
. the sample and background count rates. The precision of the results is Influenced I
g by the size of the sample, the background count cate, and the method used to round off the value obtained to rr.flect the ogree of significance of the results. For f analytical results obtained frorn gamma spectrzl analysis, the precision is also influenced by the composition and concentrations of the radonuclides in the
; sample, the size of the sample, and the assumptions used in selecting the radio-
! nuclides to be quantitatively determined. The two sigma error for the net counting rate is:
l
, Rs R b
2a = 2 ,
*s *b where i R s
= sample counting rate 1
f
; Rb = background counting rate l l t s
= sample counting time 4
t b
= background counting time
( If the measurements on the samples are not statistically significant (i.e., the two sigma counting error is equal to or greater than the net measured value), then the l radioactivity concentrations in the sample are considered not cetected. l l t l . l l l D NUS CCAACAATICN 74
t f
'O Results reported as less than "LT"- are below the lower limit of detection (LLD).
The LLD is defined as the smallest concentration of radioactive material in a sample that will yield a net count (above system background) that will be detected with 95% probability with only 5% probability of falsely cor.ciuding that a blank observation represents a "real" signal. For a particular measurement sys.a (which may include radiochemical separation): LLD = 4.66 sb E x V x 2.22 x Y x e: p (- A % t) where LLD is the lower ilmit ed detettien as defined above (as pCi per unit mass or volume) s is the standard deviation of the background counting rate b or of the counting rate of a blank sample as appropriate (as counts per minute) E is the counting efficiency (as counts per disintegration) t i V is the sample size (in units of mass or volume) 2.22 is the number of disintegrations per minute per picocurie l Y is the fractional radiochemical yield (when applicable) i 5 A is the radioactive decay constant for the par.icular radio-nucilde l l At is the elapsed time between sample collection and counting 1 O
,V
)
l NUS CCAPCA AT'CN l 75
I e s I i O The following are definitions or descriptions of statistical terms used in the , j reporting and analysis of environmental monitoring results. l Precision relates to the reproducibility of measurements within a set, that is, to j the scatter or dispersion of a set about its central value, i Measures of the Central Value )f a Set. Mean (or Average or Arithmetic Mean) is the sum jX of the g values of individual results divided by the number of results in the set.* *The mean is given by n T = (Xg+X2+...Xn " *E i" i i=1 l Measures of Precision with a Set. Standard Deviation is the square root of the quantity (sum of squares of deviations of individual results from me mean, divided
! by one less than the number of results in the set). The standard deviation, s, is '
given by: E 2, (n .1) s= (x 1 L=L i Standard deviation has me same units as the measur ement. It becomes a more i reliable expression of precision as n becomes larger. When the measurements are independent and normally distributed, the rr.ost useful statistics are the mean for l the central value and the standard deviation for tr e dispersion. ( Relative Standard Deviation is the standard deviation expressed as a fraction of the
- mean, s/ X. It is sometimes multiplied by 100 and expressed as a percentage. '
l l Ranste is the difference in magnitude between the largest and smallest results in a I
, set. Instead of a single value, the scrua! 11miiJ are sometimes expressed (minimum value - maximum value).
I 0 NUS CCAACAATCN l l 76
- _ . .- --. . . _ - - - _ - - - . . - _ - - - . . . . .-}}