ML19354C322

Coordinated Regional Bulk Power Supply Programs, Vol 1

ML19354C322
Person / Time
Site:	Midland
Issue date:	04/01/1978
From:	EAST CENTRAL AREA RELIABILITY COORDINATION AGREEMENT-
To:
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ML19331A488	List: ML19331A487 ML19354C322
References
NUDOCS 8007170753
Download: ML19354C322 (20)

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1 THIS' DOCUMENT CONTAlNS Q POOR QUAUTY PAGES t__

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COORDINATED REGIONAL a BULK POWER SUPPLY PROGRAMS ,

ECAR Information Report I i Pursuant to December 27, 1977, Request f.

By U. S. Department of Energy i l Economic Regulatory Administration i

April 1, 1978 ,

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EAST CENTRAL AREA .7CLIABILITY COORDINATION AGREEMENT

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OWEN LENTZ, Ezecutive Manager e

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i Dr. Douglas C. Bauer l Assistant Administrator for Utilities Systems J Economic Regulatory Administration U. S. Department of Energy Washington, D. C. 20461

Dear Dr. Bauer:

In a letter of December 27, 1977, addressed to me as. Chairman of the ECAR Executive Board, the Economic Regulatory Administration of the U. S. Department of Energy, identified seven items pertaining to coordinated regional bulk power supply programs which are to be reported by the regional electric reliability councils. These items replace the reporting requirements which were identified in Appendix A-1 to FPC Order 383-4. In addition, each council is to provide an executive summary of significant changes since their previous report.

The ECAR response consists of two volumes as follows: .

Volume I contains an opening statement which identifies ECAR and the ECAR region; a description.of the Report Content and Organization; a discussion of ECAR procedures; a summary of changes from the previous response; a/td the responses to Items 1 through 7.

Volume II contains the information provided under Item 8, Additional '

Material for Clarification. It includes the data provided by each reporting utility for Items 1 through 4, as well as a summation of the data provided by ECAR Bulk Power Member Systems and ECAR Liaison Member Systems.

As requested, five copies of each of the above volumes are being made avail:11e to you as Assistant Administrator for Utility Systems; two copies will be sent to the Chief, Office of Electric Power Regulation, FERC; and two copies will be sent to the public utility commission -in the states of Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia.

Very truly yours, Stanley G. chaffer l Chairman, CAR Executive Board SGStolj MEMDERS oF CAST CENTRAL AREA RELIADILITY COORDINATION AGREEMENT Appatachian Power Company . The Cincinnati Cas & Electric Company . The Cleveland Electrec IHuminating Company . Columbus and Southern Cheo Electric Company . Cnnsumers Power Company . The Dayton Power & Light Company . The Detroit Cdesore Company Duquesne Eight Company . East Kentucky Rural Electrec Cooperative . In.fsana & MsChman flectroC Company . Ind..ana Ke*1tucky fleCtroC Corporat.on . IndsJnapolis Fower & LuWt Company . Mentucky Powcr Con. piny . Mentuthy Utes.tecs Company . t omsysHe Gat arkt t.lectric Company . Monong'ahcla Power Company Northern tr4ana Publ.C $cevecc Company Ohio E d. son company . 0:no Power

• Company . Oh.o Vancy Elec tres Corporation . Pennsylvania Power Corepany + The Potomac Ed. son Company . Public Serv.ce Company of Indiana. anc. 5 nathern indiana cas and Electric Company . The Toledo Ed. son company . West Penn Power Company.

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FOREWORD s

' {y' Twenty three electric utilities operating in FPC East Central Region II consummated the East Central Area Reliability Coordination Agreement on January 14, 1967. This agrewment created an organ-1:ation called ECAR, the stated purpose of which is "...further to augment reliability of the parties' bulk power supply through coordination of the parties' planning sid operation of their gener-ation and transmission facilities." Three additional electric utilities subsequently joined ECAR.

Its bulk power membership currently consists of 26 companies (19 systems) as follows:

Appalachian Power Company (AEP)

Cincinnati Cas & Electric Company Cleveland Electric 111uminating Company Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric Company Consumers Power Company Dayton Power and Light Company Detroit Edison Company Duquesne Light Conpany East Kentucky Power Cooperative Indiana G Michigan Electric Company (AEP)

Indiana-Kentucky Electric Corporation (OVLC)

Indianapolis Power 4 Light Company Kentucky Power Company (AEP)

Kentucky Utilities Company Louisville Gas and Electric Company Monongahela Power Company (APS)

Northern Indiana Public Service Company Ohio Edison Company Ohio Power Company (AEP)

Ohio Valley Electric Corporation Pennsylvania Power Company (OE)

Potomac Edison Company (APS)

Public Service Indiana Southern Indiana Gas and Electric Company Toledo Edison Company f West Penn Power Company (APS)

V To achieve its purpose and objectives, the ECAR Agreement provides for the establishment of a formal organization consisting of an Executive Board, Coordination Review Committee, Advisory Panels, and a permanent staff. The Executive Board and the Coordination Review Committee each have 19 repre-sentatives since the subsidiaries of American Electric Power, Allegheny Power System, Ohio Edison System, and Ohio Valley Electric Corporation are treated in each case as one system. ECAR is the entity which has responded annually since 1970 to the Federal Power Commissior's Docket R 362, Order 383 4,eatitled, " Reliability and Adequacy of Electric Service- Reporting of Data." Responsi-bility for the bulk power supply planning and coordination reporting program, established under Section 202(a) of the Federal Power Act, was shi,f ted to the Econonic Regulatory Administration of the l

Department of Energy _in 1977.

l The ECAR area covers all or portions of eight states: Indiana, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania Virginia, and West Virginia. A very small portion of one ECAR member's system extends into the northern portion of a ninth state, Tennessee. The location of this area can be de-

, scribed furthe. as being within the boundaries of FPC East Central Region !!, plus the eastern most I

portion of the upper peninsula of Michigan.

j gg An FPC tabulation. based on 1968 inforastion, Indicated approximately 370 other electric

utilities in the ECAR region, composed of cooperatives, investor owned, and municipal systems. These s

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370 stilitiss wers effarded thi opportulity far 1::vstven:nt la ECAR thriugh ca ECAR Lisissa Committe, which was established by an April 7,1970, supplement to the ECAR Agrcement. The supplement recognie , f the impracticality of direct involvement by all 370 ut!!! ties, as it stipulates that each of the .

classifications (cooperatives, municipals, investor owned systems, and ECAR bulk power members) wi %

each state is to select and appoint one representative to the Liaison Committee. This Committee ace, as a liaison between the EC'.R Executive Board and all utilities in the area, and thus provides a two.

way communication channel on matters relating to reliability of bulk power supply. This ECAR Liaison Committee established a procedure through which system data were solicited from the liaison members for inclusion in this response.

9 REPORT CONTENT The Economic Regulatory Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy, in a letter addressed to the Chairman of the ECAR Executive Board dated December 27, 1977, identified seven items pertaining to coordinated regional bulk power supply programs which are to be reported by the regional electric reliability councils. These items replace the reporting reqr tements which were identified in Appendix A-1 to FPC Order 383-4. In addition, each council is to provide an executive summary of significant changes since their previous report. An eighth ites, Additional Material for Clarifica-tion, may be included if desired. The ECAR response identifies the reporting requirements for each of these seven items and addresses each one in turn.

The material contained in this report has been developed, accumulated, and compiled over a period of several months. Certain of the system data provided have also been used to satisfy other reporting requirements. Nevertheless, an attempt has been made to provida the best data available at the time of publication. Due to changing circumstances, certain of the system information will undoubtedly have been updated prior to the April 1978 issue date for this report to satisfy other reporting requirements.

REPORT ORCANIZATION

The report consists of two volumes as follows

Volume I contains an opening statement which identifies ECAR and the ECAR region; a descrip-tion of the Report Content and Organization; a discussion of ECAR procedures; a summary of changes from the previous response; and the respon'ses to Items 1 through 7.

Volume II contains the information provided under Item 8 Additional Material for Clarification.

It includes the data provided by each reporting utility for items 1 through 4 as well as a summation of the data provided by (a) ECAR Bulk Power Member Systems; ard (b), ECAR Liaison Member Systems. '

Previous ECAR responses consisted of five volumes as follows:  !

l Volume I - Load Projections And Resource Planning

' Volume II System Performance And Transmission Planning Volume !!! - Area Controls, Communication, And Emergency Preparedness

(~ Volume IV - Liaison System's Data Volume V Conceptual Planning Projections )

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Th3 ECAR summariss is Vstume I pert:lacd salsly to ECAR Bulk Pawsr Membtr Systs s and the information pertaining to ECAR Liaison Member Systems appeared only in Volume IV. The revised reporting instructions for this year's response specify that the report for tho reliability council is to include information from significant interconnected non members within its service territory

/FA that have responded to data requests. For purposes of this report, ECAR has assumed that those systems in the region that prepare a " Monthly Power Statement" (FPC Form No. 12E.2) should be classified as "significant". Information has been obtained from other utility systems in the regions and that is included in Volume II of this response. The data which these other utility systems pro.

vided is not as detailed as that provided by the utilities included in the "ECAR Total", and it has been tabulated in a different format.

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ITEM 1

'd h ESTIMATED ENERGY AND PEAK DEMAND DATA FOR FIRST 10 YEARS The reporting form for this item lists the following:

1. Actual monthly peak hour demand and net energy data for calendar year 1977.

2. Estimated monthly peak hour demand and net energy data for calendar years 1978 and 1979.

3. Estimated summer peak hour demand data for each summer season during the period summer 1978 through summer 1987.

4. Estimated winter peak hour demand data for each winter season during the period winter 1978-79 through winter 1987-88.

5. Estimated annual net energy data for each of the years 1978 through 1987.

The following definitions were provided by the U.S. Depart-ment of Energy for purposes of the report:

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Peak Hour Demand is the maximum integrated clock hour demand reported on the same basis as Net Energy.

Net Energy is the energy required from all power sources during the reporting period to satisfy the energy require-ments of customers and includes transmission system losses.

This data is reported in Gigawatt hours. It includes the i

net energy from installed power sources and energy supplied by other sources such as interconnected utility systems and 1-1

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industrial sources. Special attention must be given to the handling of energy sales for resale to avoid duplicate I reporting with other systems. Net Energy does not include ()

energy required for pumping of pumped storage generating plants.  ;

For reporting purposes, summer is defined as that period of the year between June 1 and September 30. Winter is .

defined-as that period between December 1 and March 31.

The period described as Winter 1978 begins on December 1, 1978 and continues to March 31, 15'79.

The data reported for ECAR was obtained by summing the data provided by each of the reporting utilities in the region. (Refer to Item 8 for this data.) The listing of these utilities follows:

Code Identification BULK ECAR BULK POWER MEMBER SYSTEMS APS Allegheny Power System AEP American Electric Power System CAPCO Central Area Power Coordination Group CEI The Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company DLCO Duquesne Light Company s s, OE Ohio Edison System TECO The Toledo Edison Company CG6E The Cincinnati Gas and Electric Company CSOE Columbus and Southern Ohio Electric Company DP6L The Dayton Power and Light Company ,

EKPC East Kentucky Power Cooperative, Inc.

IPSL Indianapolis Power and Light Company KU Kentucky Utilities Company LGGE Louisville Gas 6 Electric Company MECS Michigan Electric Coordinated System CP Consumers Power Company DECO The Detroit Edison Company .

NIPS Northern Indiana Public Service Company OVEC Ohio Valley Electric Corporation PSI Public Service Company of Indiana, Inc.

SIGE Southern Indiana Gas 6 Electric Company m

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Code Identification 4

LIAS ECAR LIAISON MEMBER SYSTEMS BIRI Big Rivers Electric Corporation BUCK Buckeye Power, Incorporated CLEV City of Cleveland - Division of Light and Power DPLD City of Detroit - Public Lighting Department ESEC Edison Sault Electric Company HAMI Hamilton Department of Public Utilities - Electric Div.

HMPL Henderson Municipal Power 4 Light HED Hoosier Energy Division of Indiana Statewide REC, Inc.

LBWL Lansing Board of Water and Light MMCP Michigan Municipal Cooperative Pool CONA Conalco GilLP Grand Haven Board of Light 4 Power IIART liart Hydro Electric LLGP Lowell Light 6 Power NMEC Northern Michigan Electric Coop., Inc.

TCLP Traverse City Light 4 Power Department WEC Wolverine Electric Cooperative ZBPW Zeeland Board of Public Works OMU Owensboro Municipal Utilities RP6L Richmond Power and Light WVPA Wabash Valley Power Association Uk

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REGIDN ECAR PARTY ECAR ITEM I ESTIMATED DEMAND & ENERGY FOR THE FIRST 10 YEARS ECAR REGION

SUMMARY

1977 JAN. FEB. MAR. APR. MAY JUNE JULY (PREVIOUS YEAR) =

AUG. SEPT. DCT. NOV. DEC.

LINE 01 PEM" HOUR DEMAND-MW 58873 55935 51869 50662 55365 54061 62306 58506 58980 02 NET ENERGY-GWH 34639 50908 55046 59136.

29145 30074 27567 29419 29356 32178 31416 29108 29477 30112 33035 1978 *

(REPORTING YEAR)

LINE 03 PEAK HOUR DEhAND-hW 61844 60683 57660 55602- 56706 63053 65362 04- NET ENERGT-GWH 34945 45701 61294 56985 61294 64202 31770 32500 30295 30395 31260 32945 33645 31205 31895 3:275 35005 7

1979 (NEXT YEAR) .

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• v"s PLAK HOUR DEMAND-Mu 65520 44745 06 NLl kNEkov-GWH 61058 50144 ' 59Y12 66172 6ua79 69aut 44675 A02v4 6S051 6H 32 36910 Ja510 34335 31945, 32160 32870 34645 3b465 329b5 33790 34160 .36995

'1ST 10 YEARS 1978 1979 1980 LINE 1981 1982 1997 1984 1985 1906 1987 07 PEAK HOUR DEMAND SUMMER-nu 66055 49565 73000 77731 85719 GD PEAK HUUR DEMAND WINTER-hu 85750 90071 94760 99605 104504 65063 69758 73901 7003a 82230 G4845 91492 09 NET ENERGY-GWH 96552 101061 107369 3833v0 409/00 436400 4b9900 483500 50/900 534000 561100 590400 620/00

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A - EXISTING GENERATING CAPABILITY a - FU'TURE GENERATING CAPABILITY INSTALLATIONS AND REMOVALS C - CAPACITY EXCHANGES f The reporting forms for this item provide:

A - A listing of existing generating capability in ECAR as of the beginning of calendar year 1978.

B - A listing of all generating capability installations, removals, and equipment upratings and deratings projected in ECAR during the period January 1978 through December 1987.

C - A listing of all scheduled imports and exports that

[) involve electric systems which are not included in the ECAR region. The amount shown for each capacity exchange listed is the amount which is projected to be in effect at the time o.f the seasonal peak hour demand of P.e reporting ECAR utility for each summer and winter peak load season during the period summer 1978 through winter 1987-88. Transactions have been

! reported only where'both parties can be identified.

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Additional transactions may be scheduled to accommodate j a change in conditions or requirements.

The codes and abbreviations used for this item, as well as I

similar tabulations which are included under Item 8, follow.

Identification of ECAR systems - refer to listing of sys'tems under Item 1.,

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ITEM 3 A - RESOURCES, PEAK DEMANDS, AND MARGINS B - ASSESSMENT OF ADEQUACY OF ADJUSTED MARGINS The reporting forms for this item provide:

. A - A tabulation of the estimated resources, peak demand, and margin for the ECAR region at the time of the pro-jected seasonal peak hour demand for each summer and winter season during the period summer 1978 through winter 1987-88. The entries on lines 01 through 10 were obtained by summing the data provided by each of the reporting utilities in the region (see Item 8) .

Line 11, Scheduled Outage, provides an indication of the level of planned maintenance expected in ECAR.

The estimate was prepared for purposes of this report (Ph only and is bas'ed on the IcVel of planned maintenance that is currently projected for the periods of heaviest load demand during the upcoming summer and winter seasons, i'.c., two percent of total installed capability during the summer of 1978 and five percent of total installed capability during the winter of 1978-79.

B - An assessment of the_ adequacy of the margins indicated for the initial five years of the reporting period.

The assessment is not couched in terms of the adjusted margin because in the appraisal procedure employed by ECAR scheduled maintenance requirements are treated in much the same manner as other facets of-unavailability of generating equipment. The overall load characteristic-in ECAR is such that some amount of maintenance is j scheduled throughout each month of the year.

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f REGIDN ECAR PARTY -ECAR ITEM 3-A ESTIMATED RESOURCESe DEMAND & MARGIN FOR THE 1 TO 10 YEAR PERIOD ECAR REGION

SUMMARY

LINE 1978 1979 1980- 1981 1982 NESOURCES IN MW SUM. WIN. SUM. . WIN. ' SUM. WIN. SUM. WIN. SUM. WIN.

01 NET CAPABILITY 85621 87543 89469 91514 92255 97413 97165 101749 102576 107381 02 SCHEDULED IMPORTS 412 713 322 614 313 614 313 614 313 614 03 SCHEDULED EXPORTS 1595 792 1099 796 1104 750 1058 754 1063 758 NOF E LE C ABILITY O O 0 0 0 06 OPERABLE RESOURCES 84438 87464 08692 91332 91464 97277 96420 101609 101826 '107237 i

DEMAND IN MW ,

07 FEAK HOUR DEMAND 66055 65863 69565 69758 73800 73901 77731 78038 81719 82230 08 INTERRUPTIBLE DEMAND 622 640 640 640 640 .640 640 640 640 640

v. . 09 DFMAND REQUIREMENTS 65433 65223 68925 69118 73160 73261 77091 77398 81079 81b90 "IES!_"_l"_""

10 MARGIN - 1900S 22241 19/47 22214 '14304 24016 19329 24711 20747 25647 11 SCHEDULE 12 OUTAGE (NOTE 1) g73o 43go 1790 4580 1850 4870 1940 5090 2050 5370 12 ADJUSTED MARGIN 17295 17861. 17977 17634 16454 19146 17389 19121 18697 20277

'1783 1984 1985 1986 1987 L{Nf RESOURCES IN MW SUM. WIN. SUM. WIN. SUM. WIN. SUM. WIN. SUM. WIN.

01 NET CAPABILITY 110316 11k954 115201 1h0027 h2290' 2577bd2k?2 130204 132881 137077 02 SCHEDULED IMPORTS 313 581 '240 541 240 541

240 541 240 541 03 SCHEDULED EXPORTS 1068 452 762 456 768 464 776 470 783- 476-tJO E LE CA ABILITY o o o, o o o 06 OPERABLE RESOURCES 109561 115083 114479 120912 121762 125853 126385 130275 132338 137142 DEMAND IN MW 07 FEAK HOUR DEMAND 85750 86845 '90071 91492 94760 96552 99605 101861 104506 107369 08 INTERRUPTIDLE DEMAND 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 640 09, DEMAND REQUIREMENTS 85110 G4205 89431 90552 94120 95912 98965 101221 103866 106729 MARGIN IN MW 10 MARGIN 24451 28878 2b248 30060 27642 29941- 27420 29054 28472 30413 NOTE 1: ESTIMATED BASED ON' 2.0% OF LINE 01 FOR SUMMER AND 5.0% OF LINE 01 FOR WINTER.

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ITEM 4

ph ESTIMATED DEMAND AND RESOURCES FOR TiiE

, 11 TO 20 YEAR PERIOD This item provides an estimate of the annual peak demand in the ECAR region for each year during the period 1988 through 1997. It also provides an estimate of the total resources which are believed to be necessary to serve that demand. (Refer to Item 8 for data provided by reportini utilities.)

The expected " mix" of the capability additions during this period, in percent of total additions, has also been indicated.

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1 ITEM 5 ,

i A - MAPS .

B - LIST OF PROPOSED BULK POWER LINES C - LIST OF ALL FUTURE CRITICAL BULK POWER TRANSMISSION FACILITIES THAT WILL NOT BE IN SERVICE WHEN REQUIRED The ECAR material provided is as follows:

A - 1. A map which depicts principal power supply facilities in ECAR which have a nominal operating voltage of 230 kV or higher. Existing facilities are shown in black and facility additions projected between January 1, 1978 and December 31, 1987 are shown in red.

(Note: It is expected that a similar map having a scale of approximately 25 miles to the inch will be provided in the future. Cire.umstances have been such that a ih suitable alternative map-making procedure could not be developed and implemented prior to April 1, 1978.)

2. A copy of the ECAR Principal Power Supply Facilities Map dated January 1978. This map shows the existing transmission system in ECAR as of January 1, 1978, as well as " authorized" facility additions.

B - A list of proposed bulk power transmission lines signi-ficant for interconnected operation which are projected to be installed between January 1, 1978, and December 31, 1987.

(Note: ECAR data gathering activities were well advanced when notification of the revised reporting format was received from DOE. ECAR attempted to adapt its procedures to_ satisfy DOE requirements, but this particular change h requires the development of a new ECAR data base.

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"~~M Consequently, the format was not changed at this time in the interest of providing a meaningful response. The ECAR reporting period was extended from six years to ten years, and the format used does provide most of the infor-mation requested.)

. C - A list of all future critical bulk power transmission facilities that are now delayed and will not be in service when required, including a concise narrative discussion of the reasons for the delays and a statement of the effect on reliability.

, (Note: Circumstances have been such that an adequate response could not be developed for this item. This

, subject will be addressed in future responses.)

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ITEM 6 5

, A'- NEAR TERM LOAD FLOW STUDIES B - FUTURE LOAD FLOW STUDIES C - CONCEPTUAL LONG RANGE TRANSMISSION PLANS D - SYSTEM EVALUATION CRITERIA 4

The ECAR material provided is as follows:

A - Copies of the EHV transcriptions for the 1977 Summer ECAR Base Case and the 1977/78 Winter ECAR Base Case as well as a discussion of the adequacy of the bulk power transmission system facilities during these periods. A tabulation of the transfer capabilities between ECAR and contiguous regions follows the discussion. -

B - A copy of the EHV transcription of the 1982 Summer -

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C - A brief narrative discussion of basic ch'anges in the bulk power system that might be made during the period 1988 through 1997.

4 D - A copy of ECAR Document.No. 1--Reliability Criteria for Evaluation and Simulated Testing for the ECAR Bulk Power Supply Systems.

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-(f A - COORDINATION OF OPERATIONS j

B - LOAD PRESERVATION PROGRAM The ECAR material is provided by the following:

A- (a) Operating reserve policy: ECAR Document No. 2,

" Daily Operating Reserve" which presents the daily operating reserve criteria adopted by ECAR members.

(b) Provisions for sustaining the operation of generating units on local loads: ECAR Document No. 3, " Emergency Procedures During Declining System Frequency" presents the program adopted by ECAR members as a result of studies made of system performance under condition of declining system frequency. -

(c) Procedures for coordination of maintenance outages for generation and trans 'ission facilities: The maintenance of generation facilities within ECAR is coordinated by the semiannual issuance of a Load Ccpacity Forecast prepared under the auspices of the ECAR Operation Panel. The data for this report is supplied semiannually by each system or operating pool. From these reports a composite maintenance schedule along with a short-term load forecast and the reserve position of each system or operating pool is tabulated. This information is then distri-buted to all ECAR companies for their use in refining their individual maintenance schedules. The unex-pected outages of generating equipment during the forecast period may necessitate substantial revision of the maintenance schedules to minimize total down time and assure adequate reserves will be maintained by each of the ECAR entities and the area as a whole.

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The maintenance of transm.tssion facilities is

( coordinated between and among systems on a week- I by week basis consistent with load levels, weather, and general system conditions. As an integral part of the ECAR Daily Projection broadcast over the ECAR Teletype Network, all major transmission outages either scheduled or forced are shown, the date out of the facility, and its expected return. Because of the nature and maintenance requirements of trans-mission facilities other than switchyard equipment, long-term advance planning for the maintenance o#

transmission facilities is normally not,done.

ECAR periodically issues a report entitled, "ECAR

, Facilities Outage Notification Table," which is used to identify important transmission facilities, together with a list of the companies who will be affected and are to be contacted when specific trans-

' mission facilities are forced out of service or planned to be removed for maintenance. k'

~(d) Procedures for selection setting and maintenance of relays that affect the overall reliability of the interconnected network. ECAR members have formulated a set of principles and procedures to be used by the ECAR member companies to appraise

the adequacy of the, protection of their system, which are set forth in "ECAR Protective Relay Principles i and Procedures."

1 (e) A brief narrative discussion of. coordination among area control centers during normal and emergency j conditions. (Page 8 of Text)

(f) Maps and listing of communication channels.

(g) Map of teletype network.

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(h) Area Coordinators Communication Network

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