ML19339A738

Slide Presentation Entitled, Matl Aging Seminar

ML19339A738
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Issue date:	09/16/1980
From:	NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REGULATORY RESEARCH (RES)
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-'*-

O MATERI AL AGING SEMINAR I. THERMAL AGING - ARRHENIUS OR ERR 0NEOUS?

II.

HUMIDITY AGING-DEVELOPMENT OF METHODOLOGY 111.

R ADI ATION AGING - IMPORTANCE AND IMPLICATIONS OF DOSE R ATE EFFECTS IV.

AGING OF PVC AND PE - DISCOVERY AND INTERPRETATION OF STRONG SYNERGISM OF R ADI ATION AND TEMPER ATURE V.

FIRE RETARD ANT AGING 8011040 639 l

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A CCELER ATED AGING l

PRIMARY G0AL - PREDICT MATERIAL (COMPONENT) UFETIME UNDER USE CONDITIONS SECONDARY GOAL-SCREEN FOR BEST MATERIALS FIRST STEP - KNOWLEDGE OF

1. FAILURE MODES

- FROM EXPERIENCE AND FAILURE MODE ESTS

2. IMPORTANT STRESSES - FROM LITERATURE, FAILURE MODE TESTS, COMPATI>BILITY TESTS SECOND STEP - USE AB0VE TO DETERMINE

1. SUSPECT MATERIAL (S)

2. ENVIRONMENTS DAMAGING TO EACH MATERIAL

3. QUANTITATIVE DAMAGE PARAMETER (S) TO FOLLOW DE CONCENTRATE ON THERMAL AGING AT CONSTANT TEMPERATURE -

STILL HAVE TYPICALLY TWO ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES.

eg. ( TEMP, 0XYGEN CONCENTRATION), (TEMP, H O )

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OXIDATION OF POLY (ETHYLENE OXIDE). II 801

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ties Fig.1. Scheme for t osadation of polpethylene oxidel. Final products are in bones;important routes are enerked by been erron. In reactions (106 and (Ill, croes. interactions of pnmary and secondary perony radicals ste also possible-neram pn +

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AGING OF A FlLLED POLYMER LetCg,CB, C*""

n s

m ca es (chemical groups being destroyed or formed, cross-link density, plasticizer).

Parameter D used to follow degradation under use and accelerated conditions. Assumed D

b (C3, C,, C

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C PRESCRIPTION FOR ACCELIRATED AGING - Raise environmental stresses (eg. temperature) to accelerate equally all PERTINENT reactions which change C's 1

D spredicted

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HELPFUL SIMPLIFICATIONS L D INSENSITIVE TO CHANGES IN SOME SPECIES

2. ONE KINETIC TERM OF MOLECULARITY I 2 USUALLY 00MINANT OVER A REASONABE TEMPERATURE RANGE le. suppose A:

k 3 (T) C ' C, g

dt where B = 0 or H O and C

^"

2 2

B

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• shift factor A (T) from temperature dependence of degradation, T

k ft) o c 3

exp (-E,RT)

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0 s p redicted T

T; T

T e xt ra polat_e,4 at T j

u (6/6 )

A (T) 9 T

g i

0 log t GOOD EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

1. RANGE OF STRESSES AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE TO CHECK FCR EVIDENCE OF CHANGE IN MECHANISM ( CHANGE IN SHAPE 1

OR A tI} }

T

\\

2. KEEP EXTRAPOLATIONS TO A MINIMUM

3. DONT EXTRAPOLATE THROUGH A TRANSITION

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"1 S AFETY CABLE AGING FAILURE MODE - EMBRITTLEMENT OF INSULATION ENVIRONMENT - THERM 00X1DATlVE DAMAGE PARAMETER - REDUCED ULTIMATE TENSIII ELONGATION THREE EXAMPLIS

1. NEOPRENE - SUCCESSFUL

2. CROSSLINKED POLY 0tEFIN - SUCCESSFUL THROUGil TRANSITION (CRYSTALLINE MELTING POINT)

3. ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE RUBBER - DOMINANT REACTION CHANGES

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3 AGING TIME,10 hours1.157407e-4 days <br />0.00278 hours <br />1.653439e-5 weeks <br />3.805e-6 months <br />

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1 Ultimate tena11e elonnation (e) vs. agina time for chloroprene material at the i

indicated temperatures.

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= E< o O e m O 44 e k 4 O O l k D *o o n a g 0 o n M MD

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2. 4

2. 5

2. 6

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w. \\ \\ W U M I O IT '1 ACr /NI7 T #IcAL V'u15 Tic E Y Per1E.s s /c a/ R.4 IcC7') C) Cgo(r) CHo= o-(e) P 2 soluFil~ t coe@. g.,.tg1 pressum T T T 1 2 3.< T4 HO 2 n C

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1/ I I I I / / / / / / / b 2 IF Rewrsion l time thrs) a 2 i i i i 10 17 12 ~I 1000ri, 'K FIGURE 2 l l

1 1 HUMIDITY ISOTHERMS VS. PlPa (RELATIVE HUMIDITY) Ref. 3 Ref. 4 l I rs 0 d --] o as 'c e 0 35 C / 4 40 *c 24 y gog h 5 20 4 o ss'c o C p E 16 / o IS 0 d E to O., ya /o a ~ 8.8 1.0 o'.s s'.o pf,* 'o 0.2 o.4 os RELATIVE HUMIDITY a(RH) = a (RH) exp (-AH(RH)IRT) n AH(RH) typically small DO ACCELERATED AGING AT CONSTANT RH b A&-Q&&y 4Waf P kegg ' k C9g E,g - E, + b AH(RH) ~

10 i i i i R. H. 2% d b In 56 - Reversion M time g thrs) IM 2 10 i i i i jo

2. 7

3. 2

-I 1000'T, 'K FIGURE 5 i

~ I 200 ) 100 ACCELERATED AGING 0F PAPER TIME to FIF, 0. 4 f (days) O 10 E, - 28. 7 kcallmole O 1 O 10% R. H. 0 25% R. H. A 50% R. H. O 90% R. H. I I I D. 2

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n 5UMMARY I

1. DETERMINE FAILURE MODES, IMPORTANT STRESSES, APPRO-PRIATE MATERIAL DAMAGE PARAMETERS

2. CHECK FOR SUPERPOSITION, THEN DETERMINE AND RATIONAllZE A tT}

T

a. USE I.ARGE RANGE OF STRESS LEVELS

b. KEEP EXTRAPOLATIONS TO A MINIMUM

c. DON'T EXTRAPOLATE THROUGH A TRANSITION

3. FOR HUMIDITY AGING, ANALYZE AT C ONSTANT REL HUM.

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f POLWINYL CHLORIDE DEGRADATION y:.1 MRADIDAY T: 80 C i i 300 - g 7 tm Ne m S 5 5 5d 100-7+T i i 10 100 TOTAL AGING TIME (DAYS) .g a .y

l POLWINYL CHLORIDE DEGRADATION 7:.1 MRADIDAY T:80 C i i n- _1 Y E 200 4u m T S Ep 5 5d 100 7+T 10 100 TOTAL AGING TIME (DAYSi v

W POLWINYL CHLORIDE DEGRADATION 7:.1 MRADIDAY T:80C i i 300 -T 7 e 3g T,7 4u m S E D 100 7T 7+T 0 h i 10 100 TOTAL AGING TIME (DAY 5)

P1.YETHYLENE DEGR ADAT10N i l A V I I i 180 [w] s 0.75 \\ [y,25'] a '#'o 0.50 ~ [e. .r y at 25*] 025 ~ ( lY. Wl 0 10 100 200 AGING TIME (Days) i a

POLYETHYLENE DEGRADATION A 120 Iel a 1 0]s (F. 25*] eNW e/o o 0.50 025 O&W (P.W] 1 Og 0 10 100 200 AGING TIME (Days) i i ,,I

( l l l l 1 5 N s' s i i l I ~ w g = _\\ j \\ 1 / ~ 4 N d g I I d I i i 2000 1600 1200 800' 2iD00 1600 1200 800 WAVENUMBERS WAVENUMBERS 1 ) --..,-,,.,y. .p-, y-+,.-

POLWINYL CHLORIDE DEGRADATION 7:.1 MRADIDAY T:80 C i i Y+ T (Md 300 " -T Y it 200 x5 E E 5 5 5d 100 7+T i / t \\' 10 100 TOTAL AGING T!ME (DAY 5) I wr-- v- ,r--- vw --y9

I H H NE NL = STABli H H I I I I -- C - C-H H H H ~k- - N H RADI ATION _ D I ___.H H_ l I I I I H H 0 H 0 0 0 H DECRADATION DEGRADATION H H I I ~ ~ H H H H HH H H h C- - THERA %L_ ___LH _[_j_ j_L H_ 02 i l i I I

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• • em SEQUENTIAL O' FOLLOWED BY T) EXPERIMENTS, USING N '

2 IMPLICATE 0 INV01.VEMENT IN BOTH RADIATION AND 2 THERMAL STEPS OF THE DEGRADATION 300 7 (N ) T (0 } ~ 2 2 7 (0 ) T (N } 2 2 Q 5 E R g T (0 } 2 r 5 5d 100 - ^\\ 0 100 TOTAL AGING TIME (DAY 5)

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• C rad rad 8

DEiigr#LASTICS Casein 125-140 2.5 = 10' Polyditorotrifluoroethylene 200 5 = 10' 5 = 10' Polymide 100 5 = 10' 2.5 = 10' A M lyethylene 85 5 = 10 ' 2.5 = 10' 7%gg / Polystrene 75 5 = 10' 5 = 10* Polytetrafluoroethylene 250 2.5 = 10' 2.5 = 10' Ptlyvinlacetate 130 5 = 10' Polyvinylcarbazole 2.5 = 10' 150 5 = 10' 5 = 10' M iyvinylchloride 85 10' 5 = 10' gg[ Polyviny1 formal 130 10' 5 = 10' TIEDOSETTIMiS Epoxy 130 5 = 10' 2 = 10' Furan =i 120-160 Melamine formaldehyde: 3.3 = 10' cellulose filler 110 glass-fibre filler 1 = 10' 120 Phenol formaldehyde: 1 = 10' no filler

• 120 cellelose filler 120 1.1 = 10' mine ral filler 175-190 2.6 s 10' Polyester:

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a Table 2 Classiftcattem of asterials accetteg to their red 1attem vestsenace STILAB I = f ~ EmEm PE/EM (W FUpfm0L ALAR NYPALS NYTREL NEOPRENE PVC PYROFIL RA00I TEFZEL SIR BUTTL Rut 8ER s TEFLON FEP l TEFLON PTFE 005E IN GAAY '. 08 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' DOSE IN RAD 10' 10' 10' 10' 10' ' 10 " I e [ l USE NOT RECCDeE%ED j }

FIRE RETARDANT AGING j OBJECTIVE : DETERMIE EFFECT OF AGING (F AND T ) ON FLAME RETARDANT PROPERTIES OF POLYMERS EPR, HYPALON FORMULATIONS MITH CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON + Sb 0 I 23 WE FOLLOW : 1) LOSS OF RETARDANTS BY CHEM ANALYSIS 2) FLAMMABILITY PARAMETERS (BY COMBUSTIONTESTS) RESULTS : SUBSTANTIAL LOSS OF BOTH Cl AND Sb THERMAL IS A MAJOR FACTOR RCI t RCI hcl hcl + Sb 0 b#I IS I 23 3 R.AMMABILITY CHANGES NOT LARGE (0XYGEN INDEX) FLAMMABILITY CAN INCREASE OR DECREASE INCREASE = LOSS OF RETARDANTS DECREASE LOSS OF VOLATILE C0&iPONENTS (SEEN BY TGA )

l ~.-. - l 51RE RETARDANT SYSTEMS FOR THE CABLES: Sb 0 + chl rocarbon 23 MODE OF ACTION: Cl l } hcl C~ fire environment I (high temperature) 1 -1 hcl + Sb 0 SKl an r SWCl 23 3 (w!atile) 3 i Radiation Environment: -l Cl i T s / hcl - C-i hcl + Sb 0 ) ? 23 I L

ei. i O >t 2 t 0*W.. 2 2 ) 1 .\\

b TARIE I OXYGEN INDEX RESULTS ON VIRGIN AND ERAT-4GED POLYMER SAJWI2S OXYGEN INDEX OKYGEN INDEX SAMPLE VIRGIN MATERIAL BEAT-AGED MATERIAL i 1. EPR no fire retardant 22.5 24.0 2. EPR with Sb 02 3 + chlorinated component type I 27.5 27.0 3. EPR with Sb 02 3 + chlorinated component type II 30.0 29.0 4. HYPALON no fire retardant 37.5 51.0 5. HYPALON with Sb 02 3 + chlorinated component type III 47.0 47.0 6. HYPALON with Sb 023+ hlorinated component type IV 41.0 48.0

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1 NUREG/CR-1466 SAND 79-1561 PREDICTING LIFE EXPECTANCY AND SIMULATING AGE OF COMPLEX EQUIPMENT USING ACCELERATED AGING TECHNIQUES

• K.

T. Gillen 5813 f K. E. Mead 5811 Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185** ABSTRACT l This document outlines some of the types of experiments which can be used to improve reliability, simulate age, and predict life expectancy of complex equipment. Brief discussion is given of failure mode tests and compatibility tests, which often give useful qualitative aging information. A detailed discussion is presented on accelerated aging methods, emphasizing an approach based on kinetic rate expressions. This kinetic approach offers a convenient framework for describing the importance of competing reaction pathways, transitions in a material, diffusion effects, and sorption effects. It is concluded that, when properly con-ceived and carried out, accelerated aging studies of materials and simple components offer the best opportunity for naking quantitative age simulations and lifetime predictions of equipment.

• This work was support

.) under Contract #DE-AC DUPLICATE DOCUMENT Testing Evaluation (Q Sandia Laboratories f Entire document previously Comm_osion entered into system under: Sh% dd(o6%

• • A U.

S. DOE facility. ANO No. of pages: 63 44 -2 _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _}}