ML19329E661
| ML19329E661 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Midland |
| Issue date: | 02/20/1973 |
| From: | Jablon R MICHIGAN MUNICIPAL COOPERATIVE POWER POOL, SPIEGEL & MCDIARMID |
| To: | Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8006160440 | |
| Download: ML19329E661 (40) | |
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA m-ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION In the Matter of
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Consumers Power Company.
)
Docket Nos. 50-329A
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50-330A (Midland Plant Units 1 and 2)
)
SUPPLEMENTAL MOTION TO QUASH SUBPOENAS ON GROUNDS OF CONFIDENTIALITY TO:
Jerome Garfinkel, Chairman, The Atomic Safety and Licensing Board This memorandum is written on behalf of twenty-one municipalities in accord with Chairman Garfinkel's ruling at
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R. 293-294 of the pre-hearing conference held February 12, 1973.
These municipalities appear specially and are not parties to this case.
I As we stated on page 3 of our " Motion to Quash Subpoenas", giving Consumers Power Company the range of cost and competitive-data that it requests could unduly benefit Consumers Power in competing for customers or ratemaking.
These concerns are especially apparent with regard to Document Requests-Nos, d and 5, and Interrogatory Requests
. _/ Transcript record (8006160 94!O v
Nos.
7, 8, 45, 46, 59 and 60.
Document Request No. 4 and Interrogatories 7 and 8 have been largely denied.
- However, since they may be subject to modification or partial response
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we refer to them here.
Taken together the above-mentioned Document Requests L
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and Interrogatories ask for specific information about the non-party municipals' largest customers, broken down by township or incorporated area (Interrogatories 7-8), customer additions (Question 46) and customer losses (Question 45).
Questions 59 and 60 inquire respectively into refusals by municipalities to serve or by customers to buy and the reasons therefor.
Consumers Power apparently intends that documents be supplied 1
concerning nearly all of the above items.
There are cross references in document requests Nos. 4 and 5 and an additional document request incorporated as part of Interrogatory No. 46(e).
Considering that the definition of " document" includes "all drafts of all writings of every kind including.
correspondence, memoranda, reports, financial reports, voucners
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In referring to these specific items, we do not waive
_similar objections to other document requests or interrogatories.
it is appa'ent that supplying the range of cost data For example, r
sought and information concerning future planning could injure j
the non-party municipals. l' 1
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and other accounting records, notes, letters, telegrams, messages studies analyses, comparisons, books, magazines, newspapers, booklets, circulars, bulletins, notices,
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instructions, minutes and other communications, the amount of information requested concerning the non-party customers or potential customers is virtually unlimited.
Furthermore, the questions ask specific information pertaining to costs of building lines to serve the specific customers, sales and load characteristics as well as miscellaneous cost information.
While the Board has limited some of the questions in time or in scope, apparently Consumers Power intends to re-submit Document Requests 4 and 5 and Interrogatories 45, 46 (including the Document Request).
Interrogatories 59 and 60
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(limited to commercial and industrialcustomers), were approved.
The focal point of competition is for large commercial and industrial loads.
Since Michigan does not have franchised territories which would limit competition between municipalities
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Compare In re Grand Jurv Investication, 174 F.
Supp. 393 (SDNY, 1959).
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On February 16, 1973, Consumers mailed a document request and attached subpoenas which largely adhered to its original usage for document requests 4 and 5.
We respectfully request that the issuance of the subpoenas be stayed until we have an opportunity to further examine the reworded requests and until we determine whether we should appeal the Board's ruling.
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J i-I and Consumers Power Company for these loads, giving the l
information requested to Consumers Power is tantamount to r
giving information to a direct business competitor.
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Even where discovery rights have been broadly allowed, specific limitatiens have been established in the case of trade secrets.
The desirability of this is illustrated by the situation here.
II While "[n]o absolute privilege protects trade secrets from disclosure through the discovery process, the courts are loath to order disclosure of trade secrets absent a clear showing of immediate need for the information requested."
Moore's Federal Practico, Section 26.60 [4], pp.
i i
26-242 245 (1972) (Emphasis added).
Trade secrets have been held to include business records, and sales and customer information, e.a.,
U.
S.
- v. Serta Associates, Inc.,
29 F.R.D.136 (1961);
Canister Co. v.
National Can.Corcoration, 8 ESS. 408 (D. Del., 1948);
5 Atlas Bedscread Co.
- v. Celanese Corporation of America, 16 Fed.
Rules Serv. 26b.46 (S.D.N.Y., 1951); National Utility Service v.
Wisconsin Centrifucal Foundry, 44 F.R.D.
539 (E.D.
Wisc., 1968);
Corbett v. Free Press Association, 50 F.R.D. 179 (1970).
The I
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4 reasons behind not forcing a revelation of confidential business information have even been recognized in discovery against :he Federal government.
An exception to the Freedom of Information Act is made for " trade secrets and commercial and financial information obtained from a person (which] is 4
i privileged or confidential."
5 U.S.C. Section 552 (b) (4) ;
1 Accord, Continental Distillino Corporation v. Humphrey, i
17 F.R.D.
237 (D. D.C., 1955).
4 A summatian of the case law on rights of discovery is that usually as between parties one need not establish that the requested information will provide admissable evidence, but l
only that it is relevant to the subject matter of the case,
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e.g.,
IV Moore's Federal Practice, Sec. 26. 56 [1], pp.26-115 -
I 26-156.
However, when dealing with trade secrets, or other i
privileged matter, a more precise balancing is necessary.
- Thus, such information will not be required unless "upon a proper J
showing it is made to appear that such disclosure is relevant and necessary to the proper presentation of a plaintiff's or
- l defendant's case."
Hartley Pen Co.
v.
U.
S.
District Court, 4
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In some situations discovery was disallowed, but the court
_stated it might later reconsider if there were proof of need.
i Remington Rand v. Control Instrument, 7 F.R.D.
18 (E.D.N.Y., 1947);
United States v.
Sorta Associates, sunra, 29 F.R.D.
at p. 138;
- Corbett v.
Free Press Association, 50 F.R.D.
179, 182 (1970). \\
l'
Etc., 287 F.2d 324, 328, 330-331 (CA 9, 1961) (Emphasis supplied);
relanese Corporation, 16 F.
R. Serv.
Atlas Bedspread Co.
v.
26b.46 (S.D.N.Y., 1951); Cf., Hickman v. Tavlor, 329 U. S. 495, 507-508 (1947).
This policy would be especially strong against O
i non-parties.
United States v.
Sorta Associates, 29 F.R.D.
136 (1961).
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Applicant's apparent, reason for wanting the subpoenaed information is stated at pp. 5-6 of " Applicant's Answer to Motion to Quash Subpoenas of Michigan Municipals" (January 19, 1973).
It states:
i
.. Applicant must secure the data about the systems necessary to establish such (competitive) viability.
. Many of the requests deal with documents and data clearly required for an analysis of competition, e.g.,
comparative rates, customer data, bill analyses (document requests 1(c), (d) and (c),
2, 3 (b) and 4 (b) ; interrogatories 1 to 6, 45 and 46 (See also TR 186-189)."
4 l
However, no party to this proceeding denies that there is presently competition between the Michigan Cooperatives, Cities and Consumers Power.
Furthermore, the Department of
- / Compare the action of the Postal Rate Commission limiting
_discovery even against parties who deserve limited participation.
Appendix A. <:*
J e
Justice was willing to stipulate that except for the City of Lansing-the competitive status of the intervenor cities for which information would be provided was typical of that of 4
the non-party municipals
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i (TR 324-325).
And Consumers Power will not even concede the jurisdiction of the Commission to order appropriate antitrust relief (TR 190-191).
Even if we were to concede arcuendo that i
against the earties Consumers Power i s entitled to this information, or that Consumers Power is entitled to the less sensitive informa-tion against the non-parties, certainly it is not entitled to business secrets from competitors without making a showing that the data requested is necessary to its case.
It is in this context, as a predicate to ordering the non-party municipals
't supplying this data that the Commission would have to determine that it does have jurisdiction to grant the relief requested l
by the -Department of Justice and intervenors and, fu rtl.? r, that
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The Department takes the position that the facts relating
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_ the City of Lansing are probably different that both the ta) intervenor cities and the other non-parties subpoenaed because
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of its difference in size.
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the data requested is relevant to the proceeding.
United
(.
.D.
Ill.,
E.D.,
1961).
States v.
Serta Associates, 29 F.R.D. 1366 N
Otherwise, it could not determine that the data requested "is relevant and necessary to the proper presentation of plahitiff's or defendant's case."
Hartley Pen v. U.
S.
District Court, Etc.,
suora, 287 F.2d at p. 328.
- / During the course of oral argument, Consumers Power referred to the status of parties as being "something substantially accidental."
(TR. 189).
While attempting to make a distinction, for practical purposes the Hearing Board appears to have largely accepted this characterization (E.g., TR. 215-216).
However, the fact that the non-parties are represented by the same counsel is what is "substantially accidental."
The intervening parties have fully cooperated with the other parties in supplying data, even though they do not believe that most of that data is relevant.
- However, the non-parties have not intervened and are not participating in this case.
Eleven of them do not purchase from Cas sumers Power and man-f are not even within Consumers Power's service territory, but purchase from e completely separate utility.
Furthermore, Consumers Power hra not subpoenaed small privately owned, cooperatively owned, or even municipally owned utilities, except for Members of the MMEA mad intervenors.
Against this must be weighed the seriousness of its claim of the need for the subpoenaed information against all of these municipals.
In this situation, a valid claim of privilege should be respected, especially when the only thing Consumers Power wants to prove is something on which everyone agrees -- there is competition for retail customers.
Nor
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has Consumers Power ever explained why the richt of other utilities to access to power from the Midland units (either through ownership or through purchase of electricity) and to transmission services depends upon the amount of present competition.
This is neither a case to set rates before the FPC or an antitrust case, but a proceeding todbtermine the terms under which licenses to operate nuclear units will be granted, if such licensos are granted.
The relief sought by intervenors is not a punishment for violating antitrust laws and a defense to the relief sought by them is not proved by establishing. that there is presently competition in the retail market.
Rather, the ultimate issue is whether the requested relief would further competition and whether failure to grant it would restrict it.
Indeed, if there were presently no competition, there would be no municipals or cooperatives -- and (except for i
-potential competition) there would be no case.
-. 8
In any event, the Federal rules do not provide for opening the files of a competitor -- or accomplishing the same thing by having such detailed interrogatories and document requests -- without a specific showing of relevancy.
Hartley Pen Co. v. United States District Court, Etc., suora, 287 F.2d at
.'. l) L-3 3 2 ; Floridin v.
Attoulqus Clay Co.,
26 F.Supp. 968, 972 (D. Del., 1939).
And Consumers Power has never stated what it hopes to prove from this discovery that all parties do not admit.
(TR. 185-190).
III The question has been raised whether the information sought by Consumers Power Company would be available to them as public records, becuase of the status of special movants here as municipally run electric utilities.
While we have not been able to exhaustively research Michigan law on the subject, it appears that information contained in annual and other reports would probably be available, but that work papers and underlying data that supports such reports could be maintained as confidential.
Apparently, there has not been much litigation on the subject.
An Attorney General's ruling or court litigation would be necessary to determine the precise extent of the public right to this information.
However, it is clear that Consumers Power f
Company could not get the kind of information it requests here by merely asking for it and that there would be a definite basis for the municipalities claiming privilege in State courts.
I am informed by their attorney that Lansing makes a practice of not revealing customer lists and customer billing information in order to protect its customer's privacy.
The probable conclusion is that Michigan would apply the same type of standards that are here being considered, although because of a lack of Freedom of Information Act, the public's access to information may be more limited than it would he for information controlled by the U.
S. Government.
Article IX, Section 23, of the Michigan Constitution provides:
"All financial records, accountings, audit reports and other reports of public monies shall be public records and open to inspection.
A statement of all revenues and expenditures of public monics shall be published and distributed annually, as provided by law."
There are also laws providing for certain municipalities main-taining public records.
By statute municipally owned utilitics are required to publish annual reports in accordance with the state's uniform system of accounts.
However, otherwise these or other statutes do not specifically refer to municipal public 1.
utility operations in a way that would define terms like public records or financial records.
Legislation relied upon is in Appendix B.
In Grayson v. Michican State Board of Accountancy, I
l 27 Mich. App. 26, 183 N.W.2d 424 (1970), the only case that we have found directly interpreting the constitutional provision i
4 quoted above, the Michigan Court of Appeals held that the State i
did not have to release the names of those taking a CPA exam, 1
j even though the receipt for payment arguably made the application j
a " financial record".
The Court balanced the interests of privacy l
of the applicants against the interest in claimants for the information.
the manifest purpose of Article 9 Section 23 is to allow the public to keep their finger on the pulse of government spending.
The most expeditious way of doing so is to give the public access to summaries, balance sheets and other such compilations which map out and correlate a myriad of financial transactions into a meaningful i
account.
It strains'ones credulity to think that the framers of the Constitution meant to allow the public to inspect every receipt, every application for licensure and cvery writing evidencing a receipt or expenditure.
It is totally unnecessary to give such 3
1 authority to the public to achieve the purpose afore-mentioned and such authority could easily serve as a tool to harass governmental agencies by unreasonable demands for great volumes of individual documents.
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We hold that the public right to information given by Article 9, Section 23 is best promoted, and the smooth functioning of the government best protected, by construing the words " financial records" to require i,
more than a receipt or document, such as the imprinted
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applications here."-
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Furthermore, the State of Michigan has analogized the operating l
i of municipal electric utility service to the opensting of private businesses and has stated that they have an equal right to compete.
Andrews v. City of South Haven, 187 Mich. 294 (1915) r see also Gas and Electric Co.
v.
the city of Dowaqiac, 273 Mich. 153 I
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1 (1935). 'This lends support that in interpreting its laws, Michigan would consider such factors as relevancy of the information i
requested, burden and competitive harm.
But in any event, we j
have found no basis for the Atomic Energy Commission determining i
that it.should release this information premised on a conclusion j
that Michigan law establishes a general right to the data.
At i
1 most it can be stated that after litigation Michigan courts might order some of the data released.
j IV 1
The question was raised about the possibility of granting some or all of the information, subject to a protective order (TR. 196-297).
Of course, should the information be ordered b
to be provided, a protective order would be necessary.
- However, considering that in many instances Consumers Power and the cities I
involved are direct competitors and would have an awareness of i
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each other's largest customers within the relevant service areas,,
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in most instances coding of the information would provide minimal protection.
Moreover,unlike where information has been given to the Government or where the Government is seeking information, here Consumers Power (the competitor itself) rather than the AEC staff or the Justice Department seeks the information.
Graber Manufacturina Co.
v.
Dixon, 223 F.Supp. 1020 (D.D.C., 1963).
Therefore, while if the information is ordered and such order is sustained on appeal, we would seek a protective order, this would not solve the problem.
See Corbett v.
Free Press Association, 50 F.R.D. 179 (1970).
WHEREFORE, for the foregoing reasons the non-party municipals respectfully request that Document Requests 4 and 5 and Interrogatory Requests Nos.
7, 8,
45, 46, 59 and 60 be denied or limited, or in the alternative, that they be limited to exclude information pertaining to the acquisition, retention, refusal to serve or cost of serving large customers.
This motion is filed without prejudice t'o our position that document requests and interrogatories should be quashed in their entirety.
Respectfully submitted,
)0t SuY f,! Y Robert A.:Jablon One of the attorneys appearing specially for the Citics of Bay City, Charlevoix, Chelsea, Clinton, Croswell, Dowagiac, Hart, Hillsdale, Lansing, Lowell, Marshall, Niles, Paw Paw, Petoskey, Portland, St. Louis, Sebewaing, South Haven, Sturgis, Union City and Wyandotte February 20, 1973 Law Offices:
George Spiegel Washington, D.
C.
AFFIDAVIT DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, SS:
Robert A. Jablon, being first duly sworn, deposes and says that he is an attorney for the Cities of Bay City, Charlevoix, Chelsea, Clinton, Croswell, Dowagiac, Hart, Hillsdale, Lansing, Lowell, Marshall, Niles, Paw Paw, Potoskey, Portland, St. Louis, Sebewaing, South Haven, Sturgis, Union City and Wyandotte, all in Michigan, and that as s'uch he has signed the foregoing Supplemental Motion to Quash Subpoenas On Grounds Of-Confidentiality for and on behalf of said parties; that he is authorized so to do; that he has read said Motion and is familiar with the contents thereof; and that the matters and things therein set forth are true and correct to the best of his knowledge, information or belief.
,8 0 t ! d. /, $ $
Robert A. Jablon Subscribed and sworn to before me this 20th day of February, 1972.
f.M e; ? i..
/EWLH Nothry Dublic,D. C.
My commission expires:
Sectember 30, 1974 l
l
APPENDIX A UNITED STATES OF M.fERICA POSTAL' RATE COhD.ilSSION
, WASHINGTON, D. C.
20268 Mail Classification Case, 1973 )
Dochet No. MC73-1 Notico Establishing Time for Filing Requests for Limited Participation (February 6, 1973) 4 On January 30, 1973, the Commission noticed this proceeding i
and provided that petitions for ler.ve to intervene should be filed by February 26 (38 F. R. 2800). Thereafter, on February 5, the Com-missien adopted new rules providing a means for persons to partici-pate in Commission proceedings without becoming full parties.
4 These rules are published elsewhere in this i s s u e of the Federal Register.
In the case of persons who wish to appear in Commission pro-ccedings on a limited basis, the new rules can case the expense of pa Lcipe.tlen. Such " limited participators" may present evidence, cross-examine, and file briefs before the administrative law judge.
They will not, however, be required to answer interrogatories, to i
produce documents l or otherwise be cubject to discovery procedures, j ' i. a... -
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bid GEDRGE
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- Docket No. MC'.
1.
The effecte of the new " limited participator" rules'are spelled out in the Preambic to those rules.
If any parsc n derirca +, be heard in this proceeding as a
" limited participator," that person should file a request to do so with l
the Se,cretary, Postal Rate Commission, Washington, D. C. 20268, on or before February 26, 1973. Any person who has filed or has taken steps to file a petition to intervene may signify by a Ictter that he wishes to be granted limited participation under the new rules, rather than full intervention. Such letters should be filed promptly with the Secretary.
4 By the Commission, t
T-
,4s.4 2atwo Joseph A. Fisher
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Secretary
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..... - e UNITED STATES OF AMERICA POSTAL RATE COidMISSION WASHINGTON, D. C.
20268 Before Commi ssioners: Chairm m Crowley, Commissioners Baily and Ryan Limited Participation in Commission
)
Docket No. RM73-2 Proceedings by Persons Not Parties
)
1 ORDER PROMULGATING AMENDMD4TS TO RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE (Issued February 6,1973)
In the Advance Notice of Rulemaking Regarding Propoced Revisions to Rules of Practice and Procedure, Docket No. RM73-2, published in the Federal Registei en August 16,1972 (37 F. R.
16554), the Commission invited interested parties to submit com-ments for revision of procedural provisions of the Commission's Rules of Practice and Procedure. Proposals were received for revising a nuraber of Rules, and thcae are currently under consid-eration.
Expressly referred to in the Notice was a proposal to allow limited participation in Commission proceedings, permitting a person who did not choose tc, avail himscif of the full hearing rights granted formal parties a means for placing before the Commission his position ca any of the issues in the case. This proposal assumed special ci,,;. !!c;.ee in list cf the forthecming classifier. tion case, notice of which wan publinhed in the Federal Register on January 30, 1973 (3 8 I'. R. 2P,00). Accordingly, thu aspect of Docket No. RM73-2 is being eencidered at this time independently of the other matters in ihr-ioChet.
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GEORGE,>, y_"
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2-Cc.n.r ;', in fover of a rule ellowia,g limite d particip.ifon were Second Class Idail Pahlict.;icnc, Inc., American Retail reder-atica, Fr.irchN Publicctienc, Inc. cad Magazine Publishers Associa-
- f. ion. The Po:'.nl h. ice also cupprrted the concept but argue.d that
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. ::h.t e mu ct "cccq.i the lesser rif.d.c which thr. dr.'ac conscr.s along with the lesect c,bligations it impose.c. ".II No com: wnto c,p,.aing the dc; tion of cuch a rule vicre roccived. In eccence v: hat cup;,orters of t'a rule cech is the opportunity to ctate their vicws on the record without incui ring the burden in effort and cxpense that full participation in lengthf and complex proceedings frecycntly entailn. Their comments do not cet forth with any cpec-ificity what the scope of euch participation chould be; but they cite as c::ampics of what they r,cch 14 C. F. IL. $ 302.14(b) and 49 C. F. R.
i
$ 1100. 73, rules cf the CAB and ICC, respectively, which provide for limited interventics in the procccaings of thoce agencies.
l As indicated in the Notice, the Commission favors a reinxation of the rules to r.12cw limited participation by those "<ho do not desire to become full partice to our proceedings. At the came time we rec-ognize, as do the proponentt, of the rule,2,/ the merito of the Poctal Service view th:.t cuch a rule should not be ono-cided. ru n. wise a j
could become a met.nc for cucuring the advattagcs of full-party nw while avoiding the obhgatican pir.ced c.a cuch par;ico. We believe the rights and limitmions being preceribed strike an ap;,ropriate balance.
Perconc who choose to nvrsil themcclvec of the status of limited partic?pricrc 7131 have en dagv.W oppm tunitf to cuhmit evidence end j:
state thcir pocition on the issues without re. duly de]aying the progress of the hearing or impocing unwnrrrnted burdenc cn formal partiec.
The Commiccion widher to emphnsine, however, that the rules estab-lich cignificant differences between formal partico rmd, limited partic-ipatorc, paiticrirrly in co.nection with diccovery and the opportunity to be hoc.rd icilo..~ng ict.uence of an intermediate decision. Personc cc,A m;.1
'.t :;. !ind;d partic? -tion und?r the new rulec cheuld be mind.ul ci ine restrictions pieced on their participaticn in the Com-mics!cn pre.c. cP M alro c." ;ha clicct their deci-ica may hcve on i
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i m..ct, 39 U. S. C.
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$ 36M, it is nrdered that the Ru}ec cf Prac; ice and 'rocedure are
,l_/ Reply Comments of USPS, p. 2 2/ &c, e.g., Reply Commtnts of Fairchild Publications, Inc.
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- c. mended as oct forth below. Since the c.mendments are procedural i
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in n '.::c, noMee md : blic proc +c.rc thercon are not requ re, en it is th<:refore further ordered that they shall become effective on
/.ccerf f :3 y, in light of the foregoing findings, 1
2 './.c u r.ry 7, 1973.
t nd af 6cr cc.. :..cA conr'.:ratica c' the comt.unta received, the Com-m! scion horchy nmendo Part 3001 of its regulations (39 C. F.R. Part 3001), no follows:
3001.19a--
1.
Amend the Tobic of Contenta by adding a new ocction Limited p trjicination by ucrcons not uartien, as follows:
x Subpart A--Rulec of General Applicability Sec.
c 3001.19a Limited participation by percono not parties 2.
Revine section 3001,5(h) to read:
$ 3001. 5 Definitionc.
c c
(h) " Participant" means cny pert / and the officer of the Com-miccion who in designated to represent the intercats of the general pv.blic and, ic e purposen of G G 300). Il(c),12,
~.1, 23, 2-1, 30, 31 and 32 only, it also means persons gre.nted limited participation.
3.
lanend section 3001. 7(a) as follows:
j 3001. 7 1 :: parte enmmunicaticnc.
(a) Proh ibition. To avoid the possibility or appearance of im-propriety or of prejudice to the public interest and persons involved in pro:ecdingn pending before the Commission, no person who is a party to cny on-the-record ;--cceeding or who is granted limited participa-Men in record:n:c. tith G 3001.1%, oc his cou. nel, agent, or other percen ; cUc:g on h:c b.Jacif, nor r.ny ir.tercedt.r, chall volenteer or c' ih. Cor.aaisricn or' member of hin personal rebrnM to : tv :n-r: -
cicff, to the :n e ciding o!ficer, or to any empiofee par,1c;1.. 6u.g in fac hie n in occh nroceedinc, anf cr: parte off-the-record communica-dec ion r.g. um;r vt.y m.
m,... e o n - t..e-r2cc.c iaec: w:ng, t.
c:.: cept as amberined by law; and no Commin ioner, member of hin perr,onal stnii, prer.idino, oHicer, or cmployee participc':ng in the decision in such proceedins, _h.11 request or entertain t.ny such com-For the purposes of this section, the term "on-the-record munication.
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procceCin;" me:/:s a proces.-hng :. ticed purcu: t to $ 3001.17 The prohibitions of i:da paragraph sh d1 :.pply from the date of iccuence cf uth notice.
4.
Add c. n:/ t section 3001.193 reading as follows:
1
( 3001.19a I.imi ad nas ticiar.tf on by. arcons not vtrtico.
l Mctwith::ter. ding the provisions of $ 3001,20, any person may i
appot r :.r a limited particip: tor in :.ny cace that i noticed for a pro-j coedb:g purcuant to S 3001.17, in accord:nce wit % the following pro-i vicions:
4' (a) Formf requect.
Requests for leave to be heard as a lim-ited participator shall be in writing, shall act forth the nature and extent of the requestor's interest in the proceeding, chall include the j
name and full mailing address of the person or persons who are to receive t;crvice el documenic by the Secretary, and, except where good cause for !cte filing is nhown, LMJ1 be filed not later than the d:.tc fixed for tha filing of p:.titionn to intervene pursuant to S 3001. 20(c).
(b) Action _ cn recuents. As soon ac practicab3c the Commission shall ret to t:rcut c:. deny rurcosts for Hmited pr.rticipation. The grant of a reque t for limited participatien chall not constitute a de-f termination by ihu Comtair.sion that the grantee has such an interent l
in the proceeding thet he "ecujd be aggrieved by rm ultimate decision I
or ordcr of the Commissio.i.
(c) Scone of wrticiaatien.
Subject to the provisions of
$ 3001. 30(f), limi;cd participators may prescnt evidence which is relevar.t to the icsues involved in the proceeding and their testimony shall be subject to croes-e::a:nination oa the came terms applicable to that of formal participants. Limited participators may file briefc or propucci findir.; : 1.ur wa..' t o Z 3001. 34 and 3001, 35, and within 15 day.: after the rekoae of an ir:ermed.:a c decision, or such other e
time a;1 may be !! : d bf the Conunircion, they may file a written statement of their position en the iasuer.. The Commission or the preciding officer mvy reeuire limit :d participators having substan-iially the interest a..d uc:ition to.jci together for an/ or all of the above purposes. Sections 3001. 25 through 3001.28 shall not be appli-cable to Jimit ed parti.cipe toru. However, limited participators, 1
i paiticularly thoce making contentionn under 39 U. S. C. $ 3622(b)(4),
-E t
.- 5. -
are 'ndviced thct failrre to provide relevant and material information in support of their claimo will bg taken into' account in determining the weight to be placud on their c.11:nc; and argumento.
5.
./. mend cection 3001,55 to read:
,$3001.55 Service by the Poctal Service.
Immediately after the issucnce of an order or orders by the Commienion dcoignating an officer of the Commission to reprenent the interectn of the general public or granting petitienc to' intervene in a procceding before the Commiccion under this subpart, the Pontal
(
Service shall serve copics of its fnrmal requect for a recommended decicion and its prepared direct evidence upon such officer and the parties permitted to h<.tcrvene as provided in $ 3001.12. Such serv-ice shall also be made on persons who have been granted limited perticipation.
6.
Amend section 3001. 65 t acad:
l G 3001, 65_ Service by the Poshi S2rvice.
Immedietely after the ircucnce of en order or ordern by the Commiccion decignatin:: an ci inn of th:.: Ccvraission in rcpresent l
the interents of the generel public or granting petitions to intervene in a proceeding before the Commiccion under this subpart, the Postal Service shall serve copiar, of itu fr.z ma) z equest for a recontraended
]
decicion and its prepared direct evidence upon such officer and the parties permitted to intervene no provided in 5 3001.12. Such serv-ice shall al:o be made en persone v.ho have been granted limited participation.
7.
Amend section 3001.75 to read:
[3001.75 Service by th3 Pontal Fer aice._
1 Imme dimr+; after the iscuance of an order or orders by the Commiccion designating an officer of the Commission to represent the inter..cis r/ the cenarni rublic or granting petitions to intervene in o proccec.ing before the Conuniriciou under this subpart, the Postal Service shall serve copics of its formal request for an advisory opin-lon and its pt epared direct evidence upon cuch officer and the parties permitted to intervene as provided by S 3001.12. Such service chall t-t I
l I'
e
a e
9 1
6-cico bc mnde on parsono vAto havu beca Grt.nted lir.nted pc.;icipa-tien.
,.,,.,, -, po;.tel Reort ni ction
!'g,~,,g[,
.S b. gg 3 03, 3622-3624, 3661, (C A "'
7
- . 9 Act; 0, o-3(,62
- 5 U. S. C. 9 S.N. *> 9 "c. r., ' 333 30 1.)
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19:Gl U^s & Eur. Co. r. Crry or llowwue.
15>
- c. nm..nw rni r m _ An n.e-si. n. i, s.,.
g,;;;iin.4 r,,r.-upplyinz w. iter, li;:ht, heat, power and v:.Gi voler m.tjuelgiivg ;crty i o contruet.1 e nnunt la. tun ta epelm 9,gg port;stion
- e tIH. Inntlicif taIity !tt!'I IIto inlmb-p titi< es er clShsi's tipon which e.r fer i< bre.1 art forth um
- ggg g g h,.,., gj *, g,.,
v :.% : e nei 1 c:iitec of nrcuantint.* nenitet nG ged siat.itor 3.j i
< o; g,y. f:,.%
uis in,t t., enn,.titut e c..n.ena.t.* :.,,,:.n e
Th. <:it y of liowariae, utuler its charter, had, r n-titution of l!48, aml still lut<, the
- f1"-
prior to the o
right to ac<iuire by purcha-c or to construct, oper-ia n.m r-ci:r.-i u momom. w urmurv.
atte ;strd nrftjygt;in, e j!he r within or without lite city, (Ifici:ihe. f f*+ut !h tht=< rity w% asternle.1 ny=iteten far elistrit.nf-in y elev iti. ity : ara pre sine.1 to lose :irte.1 regnbety an 1 mit1.in gg, g., g g. 3,jy !/a. eI"etrit! and other Ii!? bis to the cil, and to tho inh.ibitants thereof. 1 Cornp. Laws t he
..pr..f n ei, i+ n er,
.\\ppeal front Cass; h.impsoti (.lohn),.l., pres. l-l!s29,t2FA. Incident to its right to furni h elec-u tricity to 15. inhabitants, it has a right to do the
,nie.
Subunited.Inno 14, 19:G. (Docket No. 95, n cylary inin
- in e onna tiein with ih di4ribution t'nlendar No. :W,450.) Dec,uled October 11,19:G.
Q.H l lin.
In i.nr-uanet of tin power vested in it, the city
& Elect r.ic Company, a
,,7 94 3,,,;3,,,wm aini..m rates a municipal eh.ctric Dill by 31. lu. tan Ga<,
- e 31,tchygan corporatuin, against City of Dowagme, a light plant :tud ha.s the constitutional aini statutory authority to sell and furnish electricitv to private mumcipal corporat, ion, and others to restrmn de-feedants from extomhng electrical system of City i
imliviah in ciennection with the operation of its i
of Dowazine. On petition chargine Clint Voorhees, plant, to in< tall and maintain a distribution erstem so to do. This power ant! authoritt vested in it hv superint<;mlent of the Hoard of Public Works, mul its constitution and charter mar tIot he alwlienteil other-with contempt. From decree fnahng defend.
t ants unilty of contempt, they apin al. Iteversed.
hv anv franchise.
I
'Th[ 311chigan. Gas & Electrie Company died a hill in<t tlu c.ty of Downe.me, C m l D. 1[os.ter (Sherman.I. Ilmtrig, of conusel),
i and obiamed a decree aga.
i enjoining th.2 defendant nim enlar-bg. r extend-l for phu. titT.
n l
ing its electrie lines for the sah ami distribution of
/.cwie Ili. lames, City Attorney, and. lack I,. I'ol-electrical energy until proper proceedings had been lock (//aroll Goo </ man, of counsel), for defendants.
taken therefor, and from generating and distribut-l.
i
- I Pon ut, C. J.
Petition by plaintiti for un order j
ing electrient energy for mie to the public unti!
proper proceedings had been taken therefor.
adjn.h.:ing defendants guilty of contempt for violat.
. Inst whnt these prop < r prnecedings were is left ing a final deerce of tho trial court.
The city of Dowagiac is ortanized as :s city of the
{.
wholly indefinite by the deerce. The court was wholly withunt jnrisdiction to make any doerce in fourth dass. Const.1908, art. 8,123, provides:
Violation of the Constitution und' laws of the State
- I I
coverin"~ the ownership and operation of works for s (. nstitut. ion,
" Nuhj.ect to the prov..ismus of t,m.
o any citv or vdlage ma'y acelnire, own and operate, the snic and d. tr.but. ion of ebetr.ical energy, amg is i citie r within or without its corporate limits, public
.e.
t.
j., ;
.G3 Alteru<ux litronTs.
I Oct.
1!'33l I'"" 8 "'s r I"r xTv or Inox.
157
.\\ssuntinz. as w, e:nmot find it nonnied to do o.
-. ems t o la' enneeded, t his 'h'e'"" """ V"IId' d"I"I'd' e.ought to extend their lities or ilistribution ant-rust.urs r. centry or simx.
,.v-tem r. n< to furnish electricity to some private ituli,iduals. This tin y clearly luul the general ietWer aink autborki\\. ko 'I".
TiIe thite* of wliicli
' We"" '" " *" C" "' ' * "'a " - D' r ^ "T " '
- 7 ', r r.sacii sxn Ix-p$;t h *ttifI !nul a rkZbi !o c"Mp!ON wO< 'gIe 'rrc#"g"r DrMTR b 1
' Die. d g.artties-,d e.f M.r pitd is-d'2* ry b :tdfreivihir:inte ist clt ir-or littproper PXerci'c ot IInt! Is4Wer.
arter.
\\ I etition was filed a ainst the defeinlants for F
8 a, S w r - I s r.r m 4 net - H rr<nt n<i.
colttelnpl in makinZ Ibe"" "X!"U'WUs"
,l'hc Ucg g.
' Fire irnun-r in,de r g dM iri ul.kl. date of terminati++n m b]
wn set, rip fin terms and provi inns of the decree, mni
- .,n,.,,,.a.,.,,,,33.,f,,,,,,n,,,..;,,,7p,,,p,,,,1termi,muen that the deremlants luul 1
- nute certain extensiot.iu ofj
..f ra uen f. n..rica.gra art r n,a.iet stach u correi s in'n"nine rarury w. iini.ic ner, wr-va -;nt IlnIr lines to private itnlividuais, it claims,in its
'- m'ni st-ch. u,*
ns f"ur" '"4 a' t fd-1 "'""i "'4"k at the time af the ace,.
l,et it int, that this was done wantonly mal wilfully i
incerer i.eirg the e ity ess.c en the ri-s and for fin
- put po-es of pre.iltd..iem; the riCgs "{
eh ad neeerdis< t He twe. reb of ti.e d parn.ievit of W.or mind petitioner, ut.d constittites a contempt of the order i,,a,,,,,7,,,;,3 3,,,,,. g. 3 3 g,,,a,,a,,;,,,,, ;,,,,,7 p,,,,,a.
and d. cree of the court, which slumbl be punisin,1.
,oen. comieuo-n > t e camp. toe im, g aim [f jh Tin re is nothing in this petition which sets l,ot;th
{
Appeal from Depai:mr nt of Labor and Imlustry.
the manner in which the defendants violated the 1"-
e Submit ted.Inne 11.1933. (Decket No. 98, Calendar junction is ned, aml no valid order adjmh;ing de-fernlants guilty of contetupt can be nnule unless th" No. W.112.) Decided October 11,1935 petition or nflidavit nuule the bmis of du' onI"r set lidwin l'hillips pre 3cnted his claim against forth the nature ami can-i of the accusations una,mst County of Iron. employer. aml United States Fidel-them bv setting up facts snflicient to constitute con-ity & Guaranty Com;iany, insurer, for compensation tempt $s a inatter of law. 13 C..). p. 6.>.
for an accidental injnry su tained while in defend-It is presumed the defeinbmis, in snaking the ex-tensions of their distribution system, acted regularly l
ant's employ. From award to plaintifT, defendants and within the scope of their power.
appeal. A0irmed.
l The petition wholly fails to wt forth the nnumer Druis.llrGinn, for defendants.
{i in which the defendants violated the injunction niid I
decree and are guilty of enutempt, and the convie-1%TTr.n, C..I. Au.:nd 7,1933, defendant United 1
tion is, therefore, reversed, with costs.
l States Fidelity & Guaranty Company insured the U N.J
emplovees of Iron conutv under the workmen's com-f No. sos Snauer, NonTn, Fiun, Wu:sT, itesusua, aml I?nwu:n.il. SH A"PW I Io """cu ned.
ensat' ion net. This pol' icy wa: canceled by the de-i feudant company December 11, 1933. October 2, 4
i 4
Y i
i
~~~
~~
~
~
~
i
' '1 ISi Mtnth;sN Iltrotas
[, July 1937,]
ANDnErs r. CITY of Sot 3 It 11 AiT.N.
"9'i h
g:s en Em crc iit had he not made tim fal <. :et:.f enmnf.
L F ".,' ' o",. " ". r' ";. ". .-r p r"..; 'r"t. t a r y and Su en tr. parcers et a i
,.,us pa, m p.,n,9.,. tr I, : ou rn <t by tie s ri-r ::es in li ri A v.1/r9.o rn. 9131ith. 367 (51 N. W.161),
u ra,1.,,ner.a =.rb:.te inah tant ar a Lt. Inm cert +ra.
1:. : cert said:
*h"""'"I"'h*'*""Y*"'"*I"*""'
" Tim i u:e is that fraud may 1.e pt oved. like nny other
"'"Dd""~*'"'"F"""""""""d"'*""*"'*f L,(t. by f act< and circumstanto which satisfy the
""'#""'"*""~*'"""*d""""'*""U"M"'
- ~* * *"iN"C1*"#" U""F""" M* '"
mind of ite.Nistence. and it is a question for tiie juty
'" M
- f " W v.be': t;",t, is any evidence to warrant the fmding.
A *,
nnuxn") tm"i '"mp' "d'*
. 1'i m / rr,dman v. Cnn:;drlJ. 92 3fieh.11g [.,2 w.,d,.[3ul. when there is a reinfilla of evidence, the n<>..lis e:retrical n,ptiances enuttml 3.sua_nyrin.
N.
Na a a tupn>.r wah sermu will not be disturbed."
"' ""*' a inmat unonunn rmns m n+nn:
The"e was more than a scintilla of evidence in this bmine it.r.za;., "e an tn wntat part er it, pcwer
" fe the jury to consider on the 9vertion of frand-and Ud r Lt. :In a. in t' a nbrar.ce of any abov!nr: tlnt c:
- g. -* C 8'o';Cl"'je !!!at the (SiUe waA fairly 5uhtnitted to the t.m t 9, w as tt..< b> t u r a >. ar unt duaara sect-mt Jur under prep, r instructions, and discover no erre r to non as a inwr t,r t.:ron or s.xu co:nm rctat ente,r.
tomnnited in the progress of the trint requiring the verdict to be disturbed.
Submit-Appe M from Van Euren; Des Voignes, J.
rmed.
i ne Jm,erment is afh.
ted April 16,1913. (Decket No.101.) Decided July D' Wim. C. J., and h't*11N. STONE. OsTnANDEn IIIIto, 23,1915.
and 3konn. J.I., concurred.
Bill by Albert E. Andn'ds crainst the city of South The late Justice 3IcALVAY took no part in this de-IInven for an m..yunction and other relief.
I. rom an order sustnining a demurrer to the bill, complainant casion.
appeals. Allirmed.
Titomas J. Ce rannuph. for appellant.
I Frcel C. Cogshall, for appellco.
i STEEne,J. This is an appeal to review a decree sus-taining defendant's demurrer to complainant's bill, filed to restrain alleged n! Ira rirce municipal trading.
l; ANDREWS t. CITY OF FOUTI! IIAVD.
- smissmg the same.
and d.
In outline, the material facts disclosed by said bill L m xtrint. en u oruromtt.remem-True, Art. s. see. ::. <,t the constituuon authorires clues to ep-rate are as follows: Complainant, who is a resident prep-i l
erty owner and taxpayer of the city of South llaven, j
.t.e rn n:ht riants and to suppb the inhahinnes with 11:ht beat and power.' See, also.1 Cernp. Laws. I 3%8 where he maintains a regular place of business, and l
is engaged in selling and installing electrical f;xturcs,
.--'As to powe r of rr.itut<lpal!ty to r egare In t rtrate enterpri.w.
t bulbs, supph.es, wiring, etc., an4 eqttips }.UI}dlugS 10 r o* notes lu 31 L. R. A. (N. S.) I f i.11't: fl L.1:. A. (N. S.) 1143.
t l
2:16 187 MicIttas IDToitTs.
[.luly 1915]
ANonnws r. CITY or SorTII IfAVEN.
"D7 un electrical current for lighting and other purposes, private individuals for hire in the manner aforesaid, chargu that defendent is engrged in like businers in and fron, keeping and selling to privnte individuals ey.c m of its corporate authority, in competition with wire, fixttues, bulbs, electrical su;> plies, or access'oies him, unfawfully using public funds for that purpose.
in any amount or of any kind whaseever."
IWendant is a city of the fourth clase, organied, ex-
'Ibe direct amt only queWon raised by this bill and is tin?. and "doing business supposedly" tmder the Con-the demurrer to it is the r;ght of tbc city, whi!c oper-stitution of this State and Act No. '?t'i, Pub. Acts 1895.
ating its electric plant and supplying its inhabitants with current, to also in that connection do electrical There is in said city a private gas plant which supplies the community with gas for lighting purposes. The wiring on their private premir,es and furnish fixtures city own ; and, through its bonid of p'iblic works, op-und other accessories essential and convenient in using erste, a nnmicipal lighting ph'nt fror;t which it sup-electricity.
piiu itself and inhabitarts v.ith electric linhts. It The corporate power of a city to own and operate hecps on hand, purchased with public money raised a municipal electric plant and supply its inhabitants by taxation and transferred to a fund for that at prescribed rates light, heat, and power is conferred purpose, a stock of electrical fixtures and accessories by statute and the Constitution. In the act under sim!!ar to those dealt in by complainant, which it sells which defendant was incorporated, authority to supply to iu inhabitants, also furnishing to them, for hire, light is conferred. and by the Constitution. adopted its ragularly employed electricians to install wiring later, heat and power are irluded as follows (scetion and electrical equipment in their private residences 20, art. S) :
and phues of bu7l ness, advertising that it will perform
.'SubM to b provision = of this Constitution, vny such work, furmsh and mstall fixtures, supply attach-c ty er village mar.wquire, own and operate, either ments, light bulbs, and all doctrical accessories, for within or without 'ils entperate limits, public utilities private imiividuais on their premises, in their private for st'pplying wa cr. light. heat. pcwer end transporta-rsidt nces or places of business, substantially at cort.
tion to the municipahty and the inhabit mis thereof."
The bill further alleges that, as a result of the city The general act presiding for incorporation of citics thus engaging in competition with complainant, he is of the fourth dass (chapter 83.1 Comp. Inws), under suflering, and will continue to suffer, irreparable loss which defendant was organized. contains various pro-and damage; charges that it is not essential or neces-visions upon the subject of municipal lighting. Set-sary for the city to engage in such business in order to tion p.258 (0 llow. Stat. [0d Ed.] $ 578t) confers the rupply its inhabitants with light, and that tmder the power as follows:
chart-r it has no authoritv to do so; therefore prays
~
. It shall be lawful for any city incorporated or re-for vn injunction restrainin~ said municipality from mcorporated under the provismus of this act to acquire
engag.mg in and carrying on the bus. mess aforesa. t by purchase or to construct. operate and maintain, n
in the manner aforesaid, nnd from using the funds of either independently or in connection with the water the 4itr raised by taxation for other purposes to buy works of such city, either within or without the city, supplies and keep them for sale and to pay the elec-
}vorks for the purpose of, supplying such city and the mhabitants thereof, or either, with gas, electric or tricians for the purpose of disposing of their time to
5 1,47 3!tentr.n. lirro crs, l.luly 1915]
ANDnnws r. CITY or SorTH IIAVEN.
t'93 Ar lichts at such times and nn such terms and con-
- 3..s one of its inhabitants in his b.:siness, dcas not diti,ns u< hereinafter prmided."
entitle him to re?ief, for the city qv.cs him no immunity P. section 026G (2 How. Stat. [0d Ed.] $ 5702) from tor petition.
authority is given the common rouncil to enact such The electric light plant which defendant owned and ordir.ances and adopt such reschitinns as inay be neces-operated, although a municipal public utility, was a sar. to enrry ti.at objcet into effett and to protect business concern or enterprise. In its ope ation and aml control the property owned and used for that busin< ss management the city had the right aml power p"rpo e.
The act also providm for a Ivard of ptddie to do those thing.t. naturally connected with nnd be-
.Trhs with a"thority to fix rates, subject to direction longing to the running of such a businer.s which a pri-of the council, charged, amongst other ibings. with vate corpor:. tion wouhl have in the same conteetion.
tbo fo%u ire " duty, power nnd iceronsibility" (section Pond on Public Utilities, s 8.
The power to engage 320 [2 Ihc. Stat. (2d P.d.) E 5705]):
in this municipal business activity for the public wel-
"S 'com7. The c'onstruction. mnnnement, supervi-fare is necenarily conferred in gracral terms. Togo s!"n mui control of such cicetric or nther lighting plants into detaih: of administration and specify ench partic-as are or sindi be owned by the city."
clar thing which could or ceulil not be done would be Section 0270 (2 liow. Stat. [2d Ed.] 5 5706) pro.
tmwise and practically itnpossible. As to dttails and vides:
methods of conducting such author, ed business, m-u solving excreire of special knowiedge and business
,,.,.he sa., heard shall have power to make and adopt judgment, there must be many i nplied powers.
i m
A all such hv.!aws, rules an.d reg'datmns as the'. may str. t. d. liberal, or narro v; construct.mn wh..ica might deom ree chsary and expedient for the transaction of ic th(ir businev, not inconsistent with the ordinances of hamper the exercise of a reasenaue discretion by the the city or the procisions of this act."
municipal authorities in such matteir, because the in this inquiry the govetnmental powers of a city, power is given in few words, is net, with perhalys a few hv which it regulates and controls its citizens in a sov-exceptions, the tendency ot dcetemns in mmt jurisdie-tiens The courts.ts a rsde are not disposed to inter-l creign capacity, are not involved. The <;uestion raised here relates only to the proprietary or bu.<iness powers fere with the management of an authorized huvir ess, of the city, by means of which it mar act and contract conducted by the munici;,al authorities presumnbly in for its own private advantage and titat of its inhabit-the interest and for the ber.cfit of the city. and its in-ants combined. In the exercise of the latter powers, habitants, unless dishouc,ty or frau l is manifest, or the municipality, acting through its oflieers, is gov-the vested power with its implied discretion has be^n erned by the same rules which contiel a pr;vate indi-elearly exceedei. or grossly abu=ed. In ; orrent v. City vidual or bu<iness corporation under like circum-of 31vs/n n. -17 31ich.115 (10 N. W.102,.11 Am. Rep.
715), Justice Cntrrill., in writing the opinion, fore-117 Ped.1 (77 C. C. A. 247,12 L. R. A. }y of Omahn, stancer. Oamha ll'nter Powcr Co. v. Cit N. S.] 726, shadowe<1 the rule which, by the great weight of au-8.\\m. & Eng. Ann. Cas. 611). In such case the fact thortt.3. is apphed,m construm general powers to a tcipality to engage m certam modern bueiness ac-
".*." ties for the pubhc welfare, raymg m part:
that a city engaging in a certain line of activity, com-ttvi.
mercial in its nature, competes with and thereby dam-t l
l t
t
)
191Ts]
Axnnnws v. CITY or SorTir IIAu:N.
M1 t
cOI)
IN. 3IICT!!CAN R::ronTS.
Duly 17 incons ent wit h
truefion of t of 1h4 contenu,h t e con;he plamtih
,f 1 N *u ppl y. '-m t[ie at ed f o'- by s p,an,Jjiu;1v ; o c.e.new inventions, it minht.with 9mv-
_n.,.f, be, timt it me..o; the trupply of energy to the s
"If f, tics wetiatmed that the tertns et ths h
a4 e :p'r-e,, nm< t,bc the literal and prer,tr c at toes.
VJhon we turn 0
me hipts ol ey,,stm r at his t. rminn?s.
There are many !!nuridu,ng in th prei.isioM ord. r. the inttrpretation. in m'v opin-J,:
3,,n, h*ro m:s still plainer, ' consumer 7 terminals' is ci!g r pp ri s.wmc charters are very short and s,in,iple docu-m ente. In:r verbose cha,riers, except m the hnutati ms there state ecial caes. Py clanse 21 the provisional orer, however. they are bmtnd t e
give a supply of energy on demand, ami, if the wrr, o b C1/!/ nf Ilent?crnn v. Tovng.119 Ky. 20 t (83 S.
j mg W. TSS). w here the issue was the rinht of the city to of tho hous. and provision of fitinn is part. of the furm. h elct tr..ty for light and other pur;ioses to cus-supply, th ~ wouM ho con rellable te-di it without s
ici tomere hcyo*ui the city limits, it is mid:
- "".umnation. aml I think there is force in ti e phdu-3 "In the m.anagement. a.nd. operation of its electr tilt s argumen that this omno, have bean niended p3nn,., a c:.1y is not exercipmg its governmental er leg.ic by the legislature. In my opinien,'suppiv,' within the is-gtis e powers, but its busmesa powers, and niny comiuct meaning of the act and order, is ecmp!cted at the con-t" sumer's terminals."
I it m the num,ner, which pronuses the greatest benclit,ty the city and its mbabitants m the judgment of the ci While that opinion is u;mn the snme subject as the council: and it is not within the prmince of the com t instant case, the controliing rea3nn for the decir. ion I
to i.tcrfern nith the reasonabio discretion of the coun-cd m such matters.
has little apph. cat. ion here. In that case m.. ta.nct re-t trictions were placed upon the authority given the un-Little direct authority is to be found upon the exact deitakers, or borough oniciab, by the wording of the question raire'l by the facts disclosed in complainant's act and provisional erder, which dennel and limited hi'!. The two cases cited by counsel for complainant the scepe of their action in expron terms, the exact, most favorable to his contention are,1!torney General meaning of which was declare 3. to exclusion, as the
- v. LeiccNcr corporatim>, 71 J. P.' Rep. 385, and Itcen court found, of the implied pmver chtimed.
~
- v. City (./ !!'ederon,101 Ca. T>SS (00 S. E. 40). The In Kecn v. City of II'n feress, supra,it was held that first-named involved the right of the undertakers,"
the city of Wayeress diti not have implied authority representing the municipal corporation which wns au-under its charter, which authorized the crection and therbed to :mpply electrical current only at the con-maintenance of a system of wnterworks and cennect-sumer's terminals, to deal in and furnish wiring, clee-ing the city's mains with pipes of water censumerr, to I
trien1 fittings. ! amps, and other accessories. The court engage in a general plumbing bu-iners, cell plumbing he'.d they coubt not. basing its decision upon limitations supplies and material to private citizens, and d9 con-found in the legislation and provisional order in con-j tract work in placing the same upon their premiscs.
nection therewith having the force of law, saying in Ily analogy, it can be said that certain of the rea-ons 8
f part:
"I also think that there is nothing in the rections of l
t.
i
\\
4 9
1 O '.3 187 3!IrnmAN 1:I:renn.
p u! -
f 191 ~>l Annamys c. CrrY 0:' Sot:TII I!AVEN.
0,3 o,
3 trire re t that liquid water may L< dhi
. - l,ft
-. t',',,'t[ 'nhabitants by owene thrnunh i ti,j.
ff n'.cd in that opinion tend to suIipoil the constrtiction denwyed N
$:nntenden. for by compla.mant in this case. That opin-
......,,n[t r in incen bbd. cannt,t le'
,,r v.ite' vch '.?
It tim city ha md nc.ht to
(/u'rhh its inhabitmits vith rn*fr in Im,s tj" f orm. we ma to,ured the rule of silict c"nstruction; it being i
,id,in palt:
!"'I to se an.. to tve" " hv it canum.fut nis!* s,t to thent 8
l.1m the city of Wnycross can rhow express legis-9
^g r do ece see any lath e."itbority to engage in the business in which it 23 5',"I
,"; [,$n,
1 the id< a that the (ity " vill be ""-
j
("J arked, the nets of its odicials of wh,ich t!m manufm.turing enterprise. The city might 11 8
y E
n t b.ntin c..mplains nre clearly v! fret rires. M e lurce
{',]ll,"[Q[y[n h. s well Ir said to be :nanufretu n riiterin proces' it chans s imp are j
np doubt ii at, under the not of IM9, m.on which the t
,, t v.ldch is pure. When. l" "PacClM4 j
ute mts :,., ;!efense. its boar:1 of conems.;f n! in m ut r f, g ;.
ipn"rs hag
,g
'y;3.ph rworia sv>t em, it pr< rh:ces Pro.,tt h"' rely.
to n;r per.;r.o take 3*r;h stem as :tp waterwerl s spiem of the e,ty ethr, tent ce veet.
..,,,g,,'.p y.z 'rhance< the forta nuu tempera-t p.
]D:t tLe pn-:yl, in t! e nubh;e. 6. e Act 4 of Iqp. p. F 29.)
yg3"part of tho weter suppl 4.1 by that systa mi >,e IM,:n g.U > not think the operation by ilm,rity CI Cun",m.
II3 f mn of the city t hat, to bring this tysult.,it g
,,n bj. bnt in conmttion with its, wrter,; tor,hs ca u ce.aary 19 (nrene in the phunbing letsmess, is a p vit i be tmtm ablo, because otremuely not well lounded
'if furniein!! ice to i s m-h'[,fa q[, f,nyti h".if tho s. etic: of the Const,i-vrpo f' bin Nd'en e';d to in the plaintin s petition, or that it 13 in 'sel.
It Hight es reasonaMr be ur&d thnt,in order y
t' ninf" t pn'rons. it ras Pe"eyn:
ym.c % in :n, o ice,bup,mers, as an,:nc;y far ihn city to t
f w supply good drudar; water to its citizens.,{ts naht gg,~,,g f,,r any t eamn."
ut to Water sent through pipes to a customer,s residence Sub.:cquently, however, that court recognized em-
, I ace of businen is water delivered to him ready d
bat ht:l In the ice hustness as an incident to the n,nht n ib then c inditi'in. Ile may heat or cool it, I
of a c:ty.o supply good dramu,n.: wate" to its citizens, W~ ii n M rmke whatu.cr use of it he j
diink or in Hoftu v. rig oj c,: mil!n.131 Ga. 5C0 (CS S. E. 472, delivered to him at his a
31 L. it. A. [N. S.] 110,20 Am. E-10ng. Ann. Cas.199),
i{#-
{' tl,'" ' urn n as it is transmitted over
- . gusin~
w.:ern it was contended that the city had no tyght the wires' in it< then comlition, neither nfTords him t <cmbara in a purely pnvate and commercial business
,g p9w r, or light without further mtdi'ims and ap-
- o. mnnutncturm, g or dealing in a common commodity tml t'onstitution do not in terms j
of commerce, such as ice; and therefore the ure of I,
drin ' tha encr :y, bot nuther:te
[
f..
tshing to customers taking elecincity wposmg of the above objeciton said, amongst other he necessary devices or equipment to produce heat, power or light from the current is naturally meidental
' The oh.icct in b to and an implied power cennected w:th the busmess syqem.l. ater m p, ringing, by means of a waterworksipes frem a distance for use in sury-M rMing an ch etrie light plant.. It decs nnt appear plym:: tne m cds of a c,ty, a not alone to obtam a sulh-that the inunicipalily in co doin~ is, tomlucting the i
cient quantity, but alm to secure that vehich is freer
~
inrn impuritics thnn it is possiblo to obtain in the city i
business by differtut methods or urah,r og1 itu.lf.
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, f; eh r n a h r s n e,t ol pd h u pi pW i o t eah nh
" o c
ar ae s n a
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gi c
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e nd T M
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ae pm let h nr t lut r s s c os it a
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i ri g
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iot a
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ht e d
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it mtoe
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e
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GEAYSONy C1 llich.
183 NORTII WESTERN EEPORTE11,2d SEnlES l
did U0% !^"# fit n!! o which may tend to ovitradiet, u raken.
N MickAW. M fatal to stattite.
M.f tuo.hiy. or esplani the testunony of ihe wit
- Stanf ord J. GR AYSON, d ti/a C. P. A. Exarn f
tico on ihreet ex:unmation or w Skh terds Coach Review, Plaintif f.Appliant,
- 4. Const!!utional Law r or nuy tend to tinadate the te tonany or Lleenies Cs7(O v.
af fect the ertddnhty ni the witnen F.tlCHIGAN STATE COAHO OF A O.
li the "fr.u:tnert ary iottine-dif fer COUNTAt4CY and P t!: hip 't Department f
Statute prohNthe of applicants for CI' of Licer. sing antf Hogalation. Defentf antr I
fi o" the comphs.m a y" witnew s, formal exercise of statr's !
Appollus.
st..t ena nt. th'.s may Ic cither becance the Ilot, on the ory that Fi.
Deci6et No. 7W2.
yttino are an inc.act etc or macenrate s c-depnvc parts w !.o r.
i to. ! the of-
.. m of.m a..f W hlon.
CI,A examinatmn ni.
flutum of what the w it new itect or becan e the stattu.ent a mcom-og' i l..A. ! 333J63-Mi f e,e er tuaccurate. Mbde it ma3 1e the n i. t. ioin i
- g 17 *. p' "g c".g c",.
l jottnyts that are mcontp!vte or inaccurate, we shc.n'd not prceinde the &fendant f ran lief ea-e.1 f. r l'ut.h. a b.n l'ef. 12. 1971.
- 5. Constitutional Law (.
showing that it i< the statement which h
. Mere fact that ta incon@cte or inaccurate, that sonathing A C h"" '" ("'"Pd ' h d"'" '" " I "" * '
8' n don. m,t m and -
reflected in the jettm6;$ was intenttenal y I ^PPk"*
I"r M *A linnu u Hn-pe rson ha been denn cr umn ennonally omitteil m the prep aa-t en. jowph G r.f law..
Af.CLA, con, D "",C".uny Cmnd tion of the.t.;tement Ra<h;d J.. denied re'n i anil plamtif s an-U.S A. A.Comt. Amc nd
~1,nc otneer and the witness are at tiLetty gg
.N Comt of ApcA \\1 L C. Coastitution.'.1 La it c to eglun that u is the yttum Much are gggn gg g;,,atute prnhdnting meeturh te..nd that the staten ut at w rit - d6 closure was not unconstitut o:nh Licenses Cm7(2) ten s tree; th at the ins hiswa of mawthmg Where cbc to [3 in the -tas nent that was not included in Af filmed.
l for CPA heenus faded me a co or the mitit.on m th1 jotting ute prr.hib:t.ng di<ch,se:
of senxth r[ emated in the statement does pheants fcr license d:d L
m
- c. cae he trmh of the statcract.t and w ho of fe cd reviov cou-it i< within legish.ture's pohce power ei the w et c<s's at.in.d tt stimouv? 'ihere of "In.d protection of to regulaic met hod < and procedures m rud to 3%!d from cratiny frag.
333RI; SI C.L.A Const 5
ro!
'I he n.terest h full d s.
certificcion of a C1'A.
M.C.I.. A. ! 339.-
U.S.C.A.Ct Amend.
r e:
~e.
N3.
re-;mtes th it they he made avathhte e:0.
im eu aation at the trial by the &irud.
- 7. flecords cm:4
- 2. Licenses Cm7(1) a 13. :s at' Ort.es.
Fact that app!icatmn.
!.rm of repotation anil preindicial ef.
I rn{mrcd p23 ment at fe.
! ape w tth the majont3 that the refinal rect on pb opportunitn s whien woubt f!ow were 5t;""Pe'I w ith notat ta din Wrsa,$ tan 3er to see the no'cs from dac'o<ure that CPA appheart f ai:cd
+
ment did " A.
feider at t i t me of trial decs tmt neces-::td3 re.
cxarnination are d(trita" t.d awai;h to gCn
+
f
" financial recortls*. w; thin cuite a t cw tri.d. P.et it st ems ta Ine the (ral we:f are to jmtify statate [ rohiUtmg that aH fmancial records i
s en aw! 15 whi th r there o. am-d:sehwure of namcs of appeants. M.C.I in p !)
.ne note > veh ch m.ght lo ve an'-
money shan be pWis rc
. '...arra s 1.aw yt r to impeach tae credi.
j jjagj. yg,
+
- g " l'"I'h.eWM % rd-
' J.!y cr the tesi:n'imy of the compbinint
- 3. Lic e n t e s C.:>7(1) for urlmr ju.li nl roo, w a.o,. met whcA r thcre n..preju hmt coni: et' Letmen the ot ficer's ia c-and Fact that statute pro 4bitm : dhelvscre definitwns k r totimony.
of n.act i uf applicant < for CPA heene l
8 Licenses M A n e fi +r'>. im.t. n are n..r a e t 't rawr t m*.
If it a p pea r<
t!a t the wit ne *
.I.ere statute prohd.,
r
't.
of a sun.--
1 hu up..n cuar n o i.m..f nemle sw h n H a'tinri.t other frem I,k Hoard of Accomaancy s.uch notr4 ihe utn
- u. mi.go po. +rts i.e te-toeny
..r ele utd..- ri dua state a-D.I vi+ther le n i.!
a C.o.
-nt-meta, if pwo 4-tetet v c b t'.c w. i n cai s '. re re il.vti-l.
If he b m.
'or ur;n u si s t em. n t or trmi t o-t isavn e U I. K!I,I.lW. Jr..
- a. nla tie.-i nco ta. th olf h -r s cuh6 w i.uh' t.c of pr..bai n e Wnc.
I"' "" ibnds
.. %n o i
the.No tir. %. t o.m y 3 te Me I w LH b r fhe r t'n. meif I n w.%
~.
'.IE S GRAYSON v. IdICIDGAN STATI:I'0ARD OF ACCOUNTANCY Mich.
G Cite a-1%: N n'J.'.1 d4 3.33:.3 did not bencic all ui the pnthe was nut pheants for Cl'A lic<nsts. prusision acainst I"I"I I" """" #-
b '" j 3 disdosure ini-lu.M Depanu ent of Licens-W 6/t:/a c. P. A. E: cam Plairt!f f Af pdi r.t.
int and Regulati.m. the supeivising depart.
t
- 4. Cr,nstilotional Law C:227P(l) ment for the board, which had microidm v.
t.iecases c:60) copics of applications. 11.C.L.A. {} 16.103, C 00ARD CF AC-N 4 M e t 2..a Dr;.rlmat Statute prohiintmc diK?mure of name<
Itt;utati:n, DeicMar.ts, of applicants for CPA heentcs was valid exerci3e of state's police rower and did t No. NS$.
not, on theory that his busmess is property.
Cukman E. Kicin, Shere & K!cin, De-tieprice party who ran reucw course for trott, for plaintiff-appciiant.
cat. of MIGic:::..
CPA examination of due proce<s.
31.C.
L.A. ] 33d.303; M.C.LA.Const.1%3, art.
Frank J. IMcy. Atty. Gen., Robert A.
" 1-
- 1. 1 M".
1,i17: U.S.C.AC<mst. Amends. 5,14.
Ihreng.ki, Sol. Gcn., Frankhn J. Rauner, Asst. Atty. Gen., for defendants.appeMees.
!! cation l'ela.12,1ML
- 5. Constituthnal Law C:>2ll
!!ciore DA NIlO F, P.
J., and V. J.
Mcre fact that state makes classifica.
HR ENNA.'s and KELLEY,' JL
<l disclosure cf names tion docs not in and of itself mean that CPA lic ensee.
The Pctson has been denicd ural protection et Co irt, Jonph G.
of law.
'd.C.L.A.Const.1%3. art. 1,12; V. J. MENN AX. Judt;c.
elu f :a d pla:n'if f ap-C.5.C.A Cunst. Amend.14 g.laint:f f is engage.1 in the tu
.ss of of A;.pcab, V..L prusiding a review course for cand: dates ~
"at C. Constituticaa! Law C:-211 no.te pra.u, itn.i; for the C.P.A. nam. lie has on a num-
'mec stitt;nonal.
Licenso c=7(2) bcr of occasions attemptcJ to secure from Whcre choc to 12M of lhM applicant, the defendants the tiame* and addresses of for CPA betnses failed cumination, 3 tat.
candidates for the CP.A. cxam in order ut.: prr.hib:tirg du.dosure of names of ap.
that he rught >end thim promotional n.a.
Pheants fus liccuse did not <!cptn e puty teria!-
l'cien.' mt bas e dcmed the plain.
".o om red s c.kw couns for exannnattua tif f the reques:ed namc3 ami add cs4c5 da'ure's pohce p a ct and pc.ai:ru in (qml protection of law.
M.CLA. g a c!ying upon l'.A.1"a7 No. Ro. s I w h:ch 4'
M3:
.'d.CL Af nst.1%3, art. 1,42:
amend-C.L.1% ( 33.?f.'3 (Stat. Ann.1CA)
'A.
M.C.LA., 33 uS.C. A. Con't Amcud. 14 Cum.Supp. s 1.43). the >t tute provides :
7.It e rds c:214
. A ny apphcaten, docmnent or other
"' " YE """"' or CI'A hecusc<
miermation (ded by or concrit:irg an ua. :d prc o.1:ci.d ' f-re, lum d p.9 na nt of fr. a nd.ipphe.a i..n, appheatt sh.di not le thalosed by the
, r w in. h won,o, u.,
O T a;;hennt f:#d
- " 'd ""3" 4 wn h i orahon o f ' uch pay.
board to anyone u nhout the prior pcr.
"..'t f.hd not t ender application forma.
IniMi*'n of the app?ieant to do 50 except t d enom!h to }
.,1, i
I"ne.cs.d v.. or d.'* u ts hm st M uf r prm idog.
t h.s t nothing 1.cn ut shall prtvent the n, < t ;
- I t chi n,ib,,
I,' d all f.n ows.d iri oid,, s lag mg tu put.hc luard ituut saakutg public aamutmecinent ed ' '.aca r.t s.
,, L~ g-
'"'"*)
sh.sll 1.i pubhc t ri.a d, M,( 13, uf the name4 of ps rs en* rcet..ing cer-5 3 W'O l;.'.! A '.I.. A.t.onst. p o l, a rt. 9, j.U.
tificatt s under this nct.'
kr pul,lu a tion Wool e n n.1 ph rse ci.
far eig ht r Ju.heini cm. t ruedan n uel.
I'laintif f brought Way ne comp!.unt in a
pi du!aliU( dist!o;.ure
- lefou nent County Circuit t 'ou n t requesting that the de fen lants be m:ule to shselu>e the names
- for CPA heenses
- 3. Licer.ses c 2 and addrewes of the candidatc s
'l. b.s r !re the vH"""
Whtre rtatute prohibited disdo>ure by wa,. denied by the Wayne County Circuit em ai.cr t rea
- p'"ard of Auonntancy of names o f a p-Court and the con plaint was dism Mcd.
sc. e, t
,a o.
v ' a e" u m.e nDII:9 J. Kl:f.IEY. Jr.. f' ire.nr Jr ic.-
i.f Jinw. 1Mo. 1 n n.ma to 4 l'. A.
er tg te i " iO.,
g r tl o P. c.*y of.'lan t v a;q aintr-l by i tM I..\\'o.
- .*% 1.
j w s o i... care r.a t w h...r.. t w.sa h m.:w;~ n,
- - ~ - - - - - - - ~ ~ - - - - -
f
.. s :.. t;..: a:-
a i
uP.AYson g.
,, t
. :,..... r... n...
.w u
p
.y.
~ tr r :. f...
t e m r a. m f :: :'e r rersl w (.
i fecause in prac-
.-3.
u c-e....
.t
. re.:. "
r:;-..i
- : :: t s:.e inequality.
3.
1 in such a ' faw is
. c-
. ;. ' " i :~ t!>
l pC
-a f t:-
5 any state of fact-t: 9$ ! a-- : a.c.
9., s:.
.,7,.
ft.3.
I
-.,, S t.--
4 ceived that would
...,,s,......
- 3. --
1.~. n : -
,t,.
ut.: a,..., ;,;... y... - + s :. u.
of that state of f
- v.mu a i t r c.t-c..J ;.t
- ei law was enacted n
....'*.,,i
$Uct3 ;g jaw ynggg
- ' * /
Une wno assa!Is
..t
- G S '
'.i**.
1 t'J
...,..J t
6
.4 fi. -*
-..r 4f-a
- a-
-f f re ::. <- - a :.t: -
O 1 : s i+
e i o." s,. +
i showing that it dt
...m,
u t;; u t y 1.40 m > i;t reasonabic basis,
,+ !
e, s -
bitrary."
_ :., A
.,3 3
1 u. ;.. 3,.r -..
. r.i:s 3.:
e" I
m r i.. - ---
r.....
c.........,
.s-..,.
in this case the fac i
i
. >,.. i.
..1,.-.
3
.p....
. j,m.,
average of over i<0 j, t,,,.,.g.
.. p,;.......
g. p..
g,;,
.g..
.,-.=,.y dates fa,l the C p A-i i.., - u. " x-s is:
A.
=.ut o ar";e
.e number of " flunks" t--
. " :et.,
. n ;.a e-apart from examinatin
...,3
,*.e
- e r_ t
.t.
.t**
L,y ;.;,,,..*r.m u!ated professions in.
J
..e u -
l the special protection c s.
?r*.
- t. - t v*c.
- 1. *. st 1.
Close to }200 of the a,
.,;t..
.( g.
p
.t :-
.3 e r n:..
- .-
- e _.
unsner -...I, the amoL"'
x t-
.. r-a:m foss of reputatior r
- t a es x-~+
.c : e:.
of different
'.b b n:..n. :- t:.t.:
pernuts j
accorded other profess:,
F-n-C.:, : - - - -
,2 :
...., - [,. t -,. j,
.- t-
,u-..,
.m 1.
r broad secepe of disero aj-j..,.
lature has when mat
. -...c
,3
.,..-..g
. g t.- e s.:, 9
..t-
- t.- -. - "
. -: s: 3. - m r.::(-+ e w.
t,us statute cannct be p
..e....... s...
.y.
~ M:
p.
+ t-es te- -
u.
- . e ly arbitrary."
s
%:5 - : :pr:c!
ter.r. --
.y.
.y.
.y.....w.
y.
3.
Financial Records r '. S
,4
- .- ur
'! C ~-
. :: "t: t it. a - % es
,5 w.,.
- .. n 2-
+
.t ;-
t tu+
- t: - 1:et -
- be:f j
U] The third assignn.
on artic!c 9. ( 23 of the :
e g.
. ;; t..
- c. -..
u-
.t.
t y. s:-
.a :, - a.e:.,
f 1953, which provi.
tc e.:S :< M :-.: W
' t ;
?'
+m 2H-
!")n y-n: w -
-.,uis N n :.rt.
Ct: -- Ju G.
.. g fu.:ane:a! recor
.. U. '. '.,,.. : * '4" audit reports and other
..c.tE : -t e 'ep.tw..
nw.
..,-~'..?',,
5:re - t a :v N :r e g
t...
a..-
ter rnonc)~s sf a'4I t.e public r reyc:19
- 9. :
t.3:s 2N :o n. rf -
~ '"'
I"5PCCtic"-
A stater.
the ect:
t
- .t
- r
> '-:-i-; n7MN #idt (i enues and extenditures r
~
vt-
- 7 :c e" - '. r i -: ;.ot 5 re: :Ut shall be pubiished and di>
t c e. o ~g t :-
m/
u"
-.: w
- J:iy -
ly, as provided by law."
- u su:.
.n
- it:- -- - -
g je y - -.;, p
. ;s. g 3; o r.
-.. ;. ;.yf. : -
- 1' ! '. t
- 19*.!5 pl3(7.g;gg
.. :ei
-e
'.'r.-
- ut : M t
& e
- s. a e. u t a m{-
b come financial. records 39 ( *
- s. p ; m e: :
> ri : - -
r~ :- ~
t: ~; a. -
stamped with the atuonnt p.t. p. t-1 :.,. u...
w-
.c
- a.
date. ]f t}iis is true I3.A'19 c f ucr; ; ' - -.
r-
. ~135-
" w.O :.u i is. d"e f ;" :n ;"*
is uncon titutional.
n cr: e i ' t.
r
> - it '. +
.t :.
um.
A.
- ,u: n c-
't
.:1 5:e t
- u.:.
- .u a 2e>
. : cH In order to reso!ve this,
Ths
-e.
look to the ci e - -- -
t-tp.
.t - :2
-... :.: n.
inceh.inicar tendant to app;y;g s..
e., -.
3 g
ORAYSO:( 1r. MICIIIGAN STATE BOARD Ol' ACCOUNTANCY 31ich-4M IMES t ne u t*J KC.'J 6:8 appheation, togetht.r with the Neause in practs e it results in >3me When an au;:h to iht general wel.
, rculati m in question.
incqu 21ity.
3.
W hen the clawtheation ap; heation fee of S.?3, is rcccis ed by the in such a law a cat!cd in que> tion, if Dipartmeat of Licen6rg and Regulate,,
a ca>hier counts the money and msuis any state of facts ica>onably can be con-t that ihn statute does ccived that woubi sustain it, the existence each indnidtul applicat.un into a nuch.rc the puuie is not fatal, of that state nf futs at the tune the which prmt< the amount of money received
? policc pwcr is stut:Un.
law was enacted must be assumed.
4.
and the date of receipt upon it in the
a n) stAtanti.d part of One who usails the chtsification in space prusided thereon. The applications dy v.
Gty of IA troit such a law must carry the hurdco of are then sorted and a " validation recap W. 3M SN, 2YS N.W, shw.ing that it does not rc>t upon any shect" is prepared. The names and ad-case the evidence shows reason ble basis, hn* is enentially ar-drc sscs do not appear on the "rceap sheet,"
y IM people apply for cach yt ar.
When this bitrary/*
which is pheed in a receig.t journal by l
an accountant. 1;inally, the applications nuhfied ou r the ) cars' In th.is case the facts show that on the are nuerofihned 1,y the Department et.
he !< ne fits of the statute i
ascrage of over M per cent of the canih..
Licensing and Regulatuen before they are 6
subt ntial fsortion of u;ta fad the C.I,.A. exam. d.uch a large tur ned over to the Poard of Accountancy.
4 a vahd nerene of the nun t<r of..ilmb, set the t..I,.A. cxam aput from examirations of the other rec It shouhl be reted at the outset that the l
itiated professions nu the state and call i..r state legidatnre it the repository of idl
- tion l
the special protecuon of the statute. Where lepshitise rouer, subhet only to limita-chw to W of tb M appheants are tion > and rc<trictions imp.ned by the state ds that tbt statute in unsuccessful,th( armunt of emt arraomn.t as d fed, ral constttations. The constita-the e n..,. protection a
'd Y35 Of 0"t tion guerated thereby tienahty of a statute udl be supported by urteenth Aiar.dn ent to
,9 permi' < of difitrcut treatta nt than i< all powible presumption + oct clear:y in-
. lit on
._s..,
- r. SIC le h-Gestitet on of l@.
anordcd uhcr pruitwions. In Imht nt the consistent with the knguage and e.m..Fet s
..u v.
..w l>roaI scope i diseraion that the 1cnis-matter.
OalJand County Taxpay erv t the v.,
t,e im&s au lature hu w hen rn.d.mg classifications, I.t a;:ce v.
Oahland Gumt> Supervaers ist9m
~m',t h u.n he, th:s st ttute cannot be uhl to Le "c>sctaial-(19h, 33; 31ich. 363, el S.W..'d 873 de.claue ttatutes exi<t respect to any other 4a h r#
The plaintif f non!d has e thu Court le-m ur ocenp:. dors.
bese that the incre "pru ting er the..p-3.
Financial Records plication L3 the ea c.hier i< su f ficient to ia:t that a f'ite rnr.b s cuns t rt the app'.ieahou mto
.1 Imanetal m wd of itseli The third assip mcot of errnr rt-ts re cord" withm the purueu of aruele O.
.s n,t n hu he n dtnied t1+
y artic!c '>. 5 23 of tlw Shch%m (""> tit
- t 23 ui ihr whic m Con-tnetion.
Al-the La. The e i te o f
" OI E'M. which prot tdc:.;
thou;h their has !s en no judicial pro-
""""#""'"' "* '" 'hC O#i'# * #""*E "I al Carl onic Ga* C"
" All fhianeml record. aerun n t n e, the w on Muunend record <,' w e are md.
!JT' 3: S.Ct. ST, N' arit rqorts an.1 r.ther repm t < ei pobbe cd h the conste.wt:oi gn en to those w ords iorth th.
tandatds fd nie.m v. shall be p hh. rceords and open
,9 h4ctimn. A sintcmrnt et-all trv-by the acco" de hnen of 51:ehn:m's U "'
,tr i tha ebu4e of WM atul expt whturr4 of public moni)%
of tN xemoung dmuon, R I..
l'uwers,
- m.. i mt dw* vut.
[J, a. s provided by I nv.,,
statt d :
he pow cr to e,,A. lf) ni e
financial records are those s
p! i c ho s, *..ut add 6ts p;aintif t. says that the appheatien forms recoub from wlach the above statements u a a n,.c s mpe of da.
tecume fmancui record 4 whtn thcv are and reports [.mdit repni ts, financial re-cp r,. anJ asoitIs 5sh tt stWrcd with the amo'mt paid and the port <, and stati mt uts] are inade up and t.
%i t - witho'tt.my dat e. If flos is true, P. A.19' T, Na.W.1 I 4
meh:de general and ub ah. '
,cd::co arv
[drelf a Encoristitpging.d
- """"'F'"
i and th(rqjgre i4 i
\\ clc yfie.tien haV L,,... s 3 not e f fend gn ordt r to resolvc the rene, one mu>t are made f r.m document = h>tinp. and N rettis.!t
-11,, it i,
,' A to the tu chatucal precede c, at-reapit nhtions. That doerment< such as nothp.kr!niceW,M to apphng for a C,1% aan, pay rolls, expcuse s ouchcrs, purchase or-
=
~. _
~_
428 Mich.
183 NORTII WESTEP.N REPORTER, at SERIES dert, receipts vouchers, warrants appli-and the smo functioning of the gov.
the statute applies cat ion.+ for licenmre and the hke are ernment best protected, by constri:ing the of n
and not fmancial records an 1 are not avail.
words "finarcial records" to re.guire more abic to the public."
than a recei; t or document, such as the J.or the foreguine e
imprinted appheations here.
none of pi:untiff'.s.,
I.ikew ne, the dtputy c!n. f, Sir. 3fcD.imets, versal am, the p stated tint no financial accord sst< un-4.
Applicatmn of l'. A.!W. No. 3M, y court is therefore t d. the rreap het t n s ahdate.l. 5cch re-
- 1. to Deparinmnt of I.icen6rg and Reg.
cap sheet does not contain the n;unes and ulation A f firmed.
addresses of the arpHcante. 1 he interpre.
tation of the2e words by tia department
[N The fin:.1 argument posed l'y the of adminis t t:. tion is entitled to nn.ch phintif f it that the statute in mw< tion pro.
(f 7' w eight. In >!:o:rcta v. Amic.sador Sts el v bbcs for non..hselo ure onI) *by the i
s Co. (IC%, W Mich. !!3, 319 IFS N.W.
l eard" aiul that it ihws not apply to t%
2d ITA 43, the Court laid daw n the fol.
Drico tment of I.icensin: and Regubtion M'"
lowing proposition:
winch has a microfiha copy of all re.
8 l
PEOPLC of the S ccipted applications. The defendants rin.
I, m,. of Ac.
I' Plaintirt.c
,,The cointruction given to 'a statute swer hv saving that the m
by there charged with the duty of exe.
comitancy was tranferred to the ikpart.
~
t E
culmg it 15 always entit!cd to the most mtnt ot. I.icensing and Regulation ba Robert (Hob) bat respectfu,. consideration '!!d ought not g
^Ppet tyc I transit r un ter the li.ucutive Or.
~
l to be merruh d without cop nt rcasons.'"
g:miration Act, SILL. A. } 16.10a, ( Stat.
Docket N in view of the fact that there bas been Ann.19d? Rec. } 3.29[3]), amt tims the
""" d 4'Pe*
no comtruction of thi< phra<r other than ikpartment of Licci.<ing and Rcguh. tion, the adminntratisc construction On< Coart the sn; trvising diputment for the 1: nard.
fetis constr..imd to hoh! that the imprinttd shou!d be required to abide by the ra.,rr Oct. 20.
al phcations are document < emJ not fi-S'domre provhim IMeced f.,r l'uhlica:
nancial recorde.
Nd@ there have !<en no cases which hwe discuued the effcet of a type !
!!ut there a a further reace, w lu. h c
The Bcrrien Cou transfer upan tFr rrp,2 abihty at. g ra.
compels th.u ennetusion. 1.he m.nu t est h.hition< directid tow ard a l uard c, tr.
Karl F Zic'a-J.. ente parro<c of artw!e 9, j 23 is to aliox the pincip:d depar: ment, the on:v aav tSat t' c s ictin.~ defendant of ut.
pu',h.e to keep their fing r tbc g-de non-i ach <ure prm iston s can be mye.
mg a forged instrumen+.
r ot. governmert s pen.h.ng.
,l,h e ret ex.
mented is 1 y ce-tming the tantage et-The Court of \\preats pc.buou< way of so doing i< to gh e the y,
q.
g l
ecnrt properly refused public acecu to smamarict 1 bney < hee's to the parent depa mmt.
If the inforb.:a.
I
'! riement ef two pers and other sn(h comphtions v.h:ch map w nnesses, w hcre t.nere w tian which the, plature hw dettrmicej a
et and corschte a myriad cif tu en!
evidence that ilic crime Shou!J riot be duebed a. made avadn..:e tran actions into a meanmr.nd account. It by the mere tact that it n m t.r.e hanh by a sing!c perwn and w.
strains nnc's credidity to thm. k th:.t the
. the parent depa rtmen t, the lep.4.:h e c car evidence tn' at wonI.
ot framer.5 of the t. cattitution meant to :.dow the two alles purpose woubl be t5w a rted. The Curtt r(.s gest; the pubbe to im!" et es crv rcer;pt nort m-near the scene of the crit-Iluntinpton W,.,.
h6 hl m.
flenp. nun v.
.3 plicatica for lhenture and i s cry w ritin t !)57L 3 g \\gich 545, q.. g ; N g,37g A f firmed.
cvidencing a recti; t or expensterc it is toMiy mmemry to give. ch authority to the J uhlie !? achieve the pr!pu c ainrc' "We scck a reasonah!c construnion c' I. crWeat Law emmg) mentmned and ';nch anthority enuhl cud) statutes in the Eght of the pe.
s serve as a tool to hara<< geactnms ntal sought to be..ccomplished."
j While statute states i agencies by unre.nonable demand for great es" known (O g
g, ru'Ceutor '
Ujumc3 of ind: hh"it documente We hohl The only way to accoinp!ish the b;'
that t!,e pub'ic rig!.t to inferm.mtic, gir.
lative par;ve of prntccring de can6'e l
- JflN J. im.t.ix, g
$ 0im.. n..' f hn.-
en by article 9 s 23 i, lest pmmated, prh r,ey is ta hold that th-rraw" '
i
, ro,
I l
a i
31ich.
.E.]
PEOPLE v. EAUK5 EnIES l
t'ste ri 1 ;l N.w 2 t ib nmit be cmlorsed by him on the informa.
,% statute apphes ab.o to the Dc;tertn:ent tion, the actual scope of prosecutor's duty f
i.meti 'n-n; of tiie 3,uv.
ctuc I.1.) co:2 treing the
,i 1.icci. sing :a l i<, y Ltw n.
rupurcs endor<tucnt nuly as to res gotae
- tcccrN to re;utre r ore or the foregoing s caduns v.c f n. d that 7g b.
r daeument, such D i the mac of phn tif fi coinci.tiors reqmre re-
.itio.is here.
ursal and the judgini nt of the circtut g
- 2. Crleiinal L:w C=G2r.(t) n of P~i.1%7 % 3.v. s cart is therefore if tirmed.
Trial court. in prowcution for t.tter.
nt of Lictnsin;: ar.d Rtg-ing and putlishirg a forged instrument,
(
propir'y refused to tequire the endorse-ment vi two per>nn< :.5 res gntac wit-al argument posed by the uncontroverted nesses, where there w as the statute in quc> tion pro-g
, ;,...... n e.)
evidence that the crime was accomphshed sdmelesure only
hy the by a smde ptr r,n and where there was no t it docs not apply ta the 1
hat would place eithtr of IJeensm:: anj Pegulation.
{
n 3Heh App. 331 cicar o rdence 1ict c fdrt copy of all rc+
{
PEOPLE c.f the State of Michipn, the two alkged res gestac witnes<es even tons. The defendai.ts an-Plaintif f.A p pelf ee.
in ar the scene of the crime.
11.C. L. A.
that the Itoard of Ac-gg 7w.J.19. 767.N.
y, I
tran<i. t re.1 to the l k part-f R(,tiert (Cob) CGKS, Defenhnt-
- 3. Criminal Law C:>10M(t) ing and Regu,iattr :1 hy 3 i
A p*llant.
Docket ?!o. 7Mt.
ht hu ma made a tnucly objcetmn.
un.h r the Exec :tivt or.
prechtded on appeal f rem M.C.I..A. { 16.103 (Stat.
defend mt was 3._$ j ), and t.a is t}h g.,,nn,,r.qw;4 og nienia n, clamun.; crror in trial court,s in.itructie,-
i s
1.icen ing ud L.yulat:c.
niv, a.
hp3r: atnt for the Itovd-l gg,.;,;, pi7g.
td to al.ide by the non-l h+ eted for l'utilica tie.n l'eli. ItI.1*.'71.
5
& n, litnry W. Gleiss. Gray Gray. C'.4crs'y
- have 1 ten ta cases whkh
& Gh m licnton llarber. (c.r dcienLn o.ip.
I the (f f ect of a t> pe
& Men G unty Genit Q""
pelh nt.
Se appHeability of iire d F. Lets J., cinered jutn9 nt con-
.\\.
de fend.a of uttenng at,d I nbh>h-I~iank J. Kc".cy. Atty. G n. Rd.crt h
I to s ed a board on t e icm. the only way that the
]taa sorgtd instrument, anil he app. ah d.
g >e, c,.<.g,,
g,1, cc.
g.on. tid J. Ta3.r.
h s
of 4 Gud of App.:ils hsid that tha tual 1 %..\\ t t y.. foi pl.ontiii.at pcycc.
iros sens can le imiqc.
i "I"'ed t o mnu tk e n-
.u-tru..:
the ! ny:W:
a i. E I as.dso ap @ W
$ # P"'D"I
" " ' "I I"" h"'""'"'"'M"'
lie b a c f lill.l;l?t h tK. I'.
l., and R. 11,
""'""""'nd Itt ' R N 3.n.I h F.I.I.lT.* I f.
garon nt li the infmD#
' ^ h' D d '" "
"d'
^
deterin id
' ' ! ' " ' ' I"'
' ' ""' " " ' "' "" ' i "I"' I i
l cpd. tare ha3 rk-cd is made n.'"IM "4 P i-on and wing da u w.i. no is in the had'
' O " ""M N" ' ' ' b ' " I M N il'NI N t Wat :t
.eyonct.t, the Ic WW g::,n g TN t'oud
' k '.'h. e d n e,tw witnessis men j:n) di
- ..'i s w h s i In
.a I le 1 ant u.1 -
w e ne o I e ini.
l[tunto" ton nitenng and pubh hoic i forced u tiw nwnl l 31,t 'j,..\\, j 73,tj iu l$ tag.Ane, Il
' g;,tir.'. d T@
\\ ibrinul.
too.' Rev. s.K I tid L 1It appeab, ei umux thisc stror.
.e.m il.'c constructen '"
l Crimuial t.aw C-WWI) c
,n.' b t ot. the F,ne u '"Ic stat um states that "al' witne-+
[ 1. 2 ) The fir i i n or alkged is t h
s knoa n to po. icntor at imm of fibi.e f.ulutt of the tnal coort to ropu re the icc-:n;G hed."
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,' fd,' '}
Nll Ir.,.a fim b Po"cr Iclyl by
- ta:
ht r. c:ty c:iw it s c ren,nethod far col:cdin:
C' 40 A ! n,t S c,
'- hp em:rci! to who, wr %: 4 cala.
Iaicri w t'on. end in.iy "m bt irreesti.
~ :d v. ;;r, le jM tens in u yl to tt > u" of ges WIm thrne. b n cunnittee of cut.
, provided N,*s
[ J * ("! fb'r.Y
.,.{r ciceted in t' o city fcr &
- LQht.
sian or thou.Th the tr:
t
" ' e a s' J e L j p,; c..r g [ ;.a ; f:.tM to a clawit.
the i:ir.H i;;* t iort im i mi m its be.
t u. C tin c:' T1.. Li. tt. h.wcr fal' in :. s crJ12":0 seitl. H e.Hr-etior.s, iM
- nd rubyt tu its cont r 4, an! the tc.
G. v. S..*.23,?.. ieb. *.11.
wMs rotmeted to it fc r it s 9.. t!on.
C : ui'*a ci et.tM 'er.
A m tv.'y Uc u rrl
- v. W yne Circuit
?.11.
n2 ux ;;
A e = v e m n M a G y :uay Ju%> U*7 Wu M N :'". Miy of th; d
,,y.,
4d sy1.w. (t d Tg' I'.1"/ K] E;cci; fiM"~, pr.'.3'Je ia.gution; pendty for defac.
^W inrcard..Wr.IL The rouncil rhril ewe all the rceard.; cf the wrpcratim cnd of all prv-tens o.' the,wuncil, and all 1 mob.,docu.
,.'? % M of the st..a; mnt.;, re;' rt a
. ecc 9te vmen papeu rrlatm:... to
.contrnet:
airs ut t,.
eay, or to t.ers a..no. l act3 u
. !.wes.. u, i.
an: e;accr
. w wy a..:
the ame s ta ne omaa t
".n of the em pe,;.dio 1 (cl ; ze irc.1 Lv 19 act to be kept ch r.terc),
t
'.,," ' [Q.yf to be d. poJt d nd h pt la ihe nfM f tu. city ek& cud to be to al i.
arr,ar,i m s.cors. hm,,.n to 1.c warenien.t. o. f rc:c.e. s r ud i.nspecti.on ed, .'c l :: r.d
. t., e f ce, -
N n, pam slu:n oa nost to ween. cn
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iuh ' wa of t': chy or cther permi interst d ther<n, at
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w,i...il. ii. mry be, nu my for the f u,rthe,rance of nu. tic.e to th.e ( o w cm o e t...e t: a a t ".._c.
ute. 1vrma v.to w.I dea c te, ir.mre, i
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i.:.-h b wM, w. cl, dxmae:.h or p.7ts, 2
s.
- e. c peze t' s c,u e ! ) ks or dutiec%n. with intent to I revent the y,1 u.
a oa com :. tac: ming o,r impa.r.t of,or n,rame. from bcic h:own, tb L. v v, r.,t.e.:ts o en 3
tr u t.,r tm. oc po wm J.
ormonment m t 'e state ei-
- 1. ::.ou nM hmer t% o:e (1) year. or Lr line not acceding one o c.., w ' ' 7,. l' thou and [1.0u0j dcPro, u ! y leh me!t tine nn,i hnprisonmcat in th, e di.erch.. of tb eaurt. (C. L. '29, s 3915 ; C. L. '15, s 091;
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001 Chap
[5.TCC5 Title Mm:icipalitics 000 cl.crite and ma:ntalu,
- S U. S. 001, C3 L. E.1. (00, 39 Sup.
er c N.h,t' e at v.
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M."D"h for th.ug.n et "t by ils o
rs
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h11t*L:tt.re,in the ei.cr Ac Ir., 2.u. 3 hy, trier v idch thc Dir.c t Ond ter.ttce.: ref>rences.
cretic % ry w!writy *.,
h.c CalLy:h n *v.We's. I)ipt, 2 N.
C?tulha ta.ung dbt ri
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1.ut n 1.1 Cerf oratirma. l1 DT, 0W, 0.U; wie 4.
dbn n,. the.:t daragty of };es*at w hi, '. g. vc !Le e.gn; r tiy i.e act.*1ve 1
V. : tu, y u1, 97. N,10::, ?L Qimin CI Ci
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in e v-rc ui t na, 1.cc,inw a je.r t of 15c city ch rter.
0; orth ?Jt a. Cerp. (Cal E.L) H 100% 1741, 2.: t.C. m Wr t< r Co. *. City n 6' I?es-J 7-t9, 1730, 1760, 2751, 1501, 1500, nab. JN ?4ich. 05d, cc rUerari deried 10 '-1NC, JMI, Ors Contncts.
Co*.*r. <.ts entered int II4 II,;' tit 7 cun:n!r io UI.TTrn DVII und"r Lr, cal.w s 1; for the p:.:rd.u,; t,( ;a UGHTINO an 1 ::;i;line a nntw..r hic M i c 0 p b t,r. e S5.$ O.1]. City lim q pMt. 0:.rns ).
It shall he h.v ful to tlw o,.n., m,.a1 e-e, r :'.n, olty snoorpoN. tad m tv-iz.cre+ orat et. under t,ue provict n.w 7
pac pro..ma o.
Oc 01 tim ?ct to na11 tin bf pure.:aa or h ewiruct, operate nid 1;;nia.
J ry;, { J N. t b t t o ed 3
jMike wea k rt. nit t e j ti. :, ci'i.tr hicp rabuly or in eStirMi m wit't tin., alcr.i sr! s M cera rac t the:cf4.r h u sw h ch, chher vT:in r: Vithont tim city wor!s ice t vs p'tre:.e council'!'"d C02.'h ed b P"" Cd
. i:S M a qph. in meh,d.ty nnd the inh,.di.t. d, il eccet. or citber, s$$,'ee$., epphed'$g ei m an.1 ou 4.c.t ternw m 4 i df M. (,.,"g P. onme or ur li % n' nw tram c,on.'.. w, a.1.erebud.tn,. r ravidal.
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l'ew< r of city q.er: ting c!cet r:e bui*
contr. cts l '.i.
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M it. IN T, c li. O '. p r.
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1917, }lo!Al
.C.rmi!c n of p e. e r hy gre tning y,
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Court inh:r fen rice with rnut teipal ii
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Cron rete:er. cs.
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l'.-n of ei*y to cw: red oy rite theinne3 frat other *iurisdictinas,
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t.-a.. G +..<nt.c 1.y.'
t ca.t. m *,
feet Undins enrec; 3 nrt. \\ Ill, it Ot: rate er s r dh ai, pc,qo:.e nd conrt: a;;i3a or pygign nuyer or 4 6, la vict i
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Analnis of 'hD t;. y c. t Mt3 36, 3, g hh. D i.
ICW Of Cit'/ C NUni fm:er t..n r~e:td a i.ity of tb M
Peq v. en.1 nos'inetiva M i.ravi* ion font M. dn i f.r..I,, ciur to the Cw A ed.Ey,ia d.
o;.a rn d p m"j t to i txa tien for ha-e.t.a tion of IM, ~n ! r.dll bs t N,
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