ML19329D905

Requests Info Re Info Source Inventories by 790716.List of Info Items by Category Encl

ML19329D905
Person / Time
Issue date:	07/02/1979
From:	Conver S NRC OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND PROGRAM ANALYSIS (MPA)
To:	Cobb L, Crutchfield D, Scroggins R NRC OFFICE OF INSPECTION & ENFORCEMENT (IE), Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR REGULATORY RESEARCH (RES)
Shared Package
ML19273D718	List: ML19329D905
References
REF-SSINS-0970 NUDOCS 8004080747
Download: ML19329D905 (3)

Text

.x. c p -

. ; g

-- - -.c

,.ym.g3 p --

r-

~~ ~ : -

mr n ;, w q 1, c w m

g v.g.g,w,qm-m--

m' 9

,.9;

.,s ~.+ x% g I( D y ; &: a;w% m:, y. n.:.;!i y

.n,s~..

ig.O m gg%n ':-m m

%r' '

m t w e. 3 p

-e e er

~

m,

.-n.-

y 9 pt p fj;4.Q $ q.4 qu N.,

nnye :y 'Q. * - 1 vwn

.x:

gi

, S&%y Q

p ty y,

s n ty mN,pq~mm a wgLg m p, U)y() (g{ _ s m

~

. M11TED STATES J0F AMERICA ~

5 MAR I fgy;^> Q.s

.. p-3

~ "'

e-

~

J.

>

• AttI4IC fEERGY CQL6 ICE -

s.t. murs aust

".f h

Counissten 8 xry

+

g sepan,

+

P Mall ge80as 7,

C%

{

In tho Kattar of '

l'

-)

p,g g

-)

.I.

')

uocket Ko2 50-3h6 I

~

9,cgf Q [%

s. c

.o g

2Hs 70IEDO EDIM CMPINY :

r s

Q CD DE CLEVELtdD ELECTRIC ?.w.

, ;)

.,...A_

2 IECA"MG CHALLE02 tog;ggg%g

L

' ZLLIIIIKATI.O CQiP/&Y

//.c h.i) J ' m.DRIEF:

g V

,.. s.

., g$.a @q)g,.10,CFRJnr'tf20i j.cgDQT

~

j T

(Davis-Lease Nuclear,Stition) ', A)*i GW 'O T., Y., ",, " %

a.

(x

('+

q.@w:h y 7.

z b

)

x j

y J

..I.. A CHELEGE TO PART 20 s

P.' M,+,%4 t

~'

-w a,

,y s

• [k>,

~

.if,Q N i

Intervenor Living In a ' finer Enviroment and dMHw E. Rangr,,y.W,4.T,W "4

yp y m,

,59:

. _z;

, m;

-p

~[

{ hereinafter LIFE) subnit thnL ths Troposed DaviewBosso nucloor power Idkh

' ~

% Q.M station will not ncdossarily oporato without

-: l di safe:c cf the public even if[ths plant coeta the safoty critoria of 10. [%

/

b'@

m Tjs M ygn j{

5 CFR ? art 20 " Standards 'for Prote,: tion.against Radiation", (heroi,nafter lggg '

3,.

.s

%. '-.~ ee n.w i

a s.

w

.Part 20) forghe rensaatthet the Part 20 criteria' themsolves are,gnadegaate e ;g- %n, m. c. qq.;3n

,2 s

,3, y y p 4..

- w 4

+.

W I e t.*x

.......s

..j j a-*~,

s

)

The present Part 20 sets excossivelp hijh liiits for^ radiation exposure inE J

c i /,l :QL

.iG

. L MMfg.,ar:,WQMb j;i certain instances and'l'acks'precid,e starx!ards to' control ~certstiinpesttatth 7

1

.v

.4..ar c,p.xw$.n*

• L l 8 & fD _ _.

a,

wa

. 'a

' h l+

{

e s lQ y ' &*. " _.. <, *N - (

.,,,s

.,...t 1

3 aspc:ts'of radiaLion aposurs.Murthernorortho standarsisfaze ba:.ed impartg s~.w

.? " <

t

.. __ ?l 4. l 'fy 'r n}

.Q

~

s;

(

y t uisconception of the Con 3rossional dandato to the AEC. : Taken teetherg.theseW

<.. w+

<<e

.. g;ndp4L

. g.

% 4v

~o

.2

- [.

facts render Part 20 outcodad;and inadequatei:represc: ting an' abuse of thefAEC'sp>

• y_y m% mv :%,

.,,; :5

,s

+.

g

,. n p.> a s:

. y.

4 adninistrativo discretion to.inplement safety objectives.,Q,. tn.K.ogh;pQ WW

1 ? [*p

, g m 5. : 1 %.( y f@ g.:

AY$

- y s y,.g s - ' '

was.est=3 Authcrity to challcnga Part 20 at a ccnstruction rermitThearin3ldi%iM&L 4 O -; m MS D, Jk:D - w.r e.

ablished In"the 'dstterif BaltinoM '0c5 and Eldctric'hE%%@Nort;Cliffsh%

s Company' (Ca

?

.p

_v,

_ L A7;i,.u r W % Q $:QT

.: ~ ~n y.

~'

Juclear Power Pldnt'-Units 1Tami'2) Docket ro750-317-318v(hercinaf tor CalvertM Oliffs). ; ;In itat' cs:e ca intorvanor;attaek6dithe validipy of Part 2

1. ~,L. ?. L i.,

k / ?ll ^ m 5:: L A L

^ ? Ll? ?. D '.Ul$

Z: q llyf.;j

,r

~

,y

. g.,

?,

_ 7;

,sgggyy

. y.

y n 5

~

Y vith respect to ith limitatio5slcn tho' cancontralien 'of..~ radioactive materia 1GyW q&T,

.r.

v in111c11d wasto dischargosif. rom k nacienr power plant.1The initial d&cisionRM,..,Y

^ <

. s v.. x' W, -. mm

+

m 4 : w.., s ns_

.V.-

5

., l r;'.\\. o

./

\\_.

'%T %#

+,~,. l tl g in that, casug datedTJunel30,il969. discucced the a

r-p

• Mhe basic + faction of the,coord i~s,to11ak

-:$0Mjgo(

I M.h.((

A,ChE11Nje As fo11cu

. m w..q; -4% j3mb,

. r

. P.

3 s w v. n' w.dc.-isModsona:ble(a'asarando Md,'the kron' sed'd)E,SD;M;.n,.y.gkh e

p

<.. n

.n.m a>

. m.,.

if.

i h.

E 5 ;5" th3t the

[.

.. ~

o

(.4 a reactor cay;be cans dggggg p ; ', we;:e.r ::%g$mu nyw;e; heat th.tructed and onor aA

,.- i l f f.t; rt sk to tth and; safety."of he pubMe.j :;1he,c A h a- -

w s q.

x q

s

4 ;, -

gh v o f pyag?' qh ep. W

.q

+,4,~m-r, c

.&, r ; r, ;, $ g.. &.A ; >

d%g OfQ gy,4y MpMNh*

Ww I

hS 4.'Y

. a, p.... -

n

.w

,. m,. g g

.~.

g 1

~ v y) w;3.

p m>.;. m y, g,y.7. y m. _g

g >.;,,,m.._r:m,_,.m p p, m.ys n %,p.

r

~

.3

, i

~,w.

s

.. o.

~.c

~.

Q u % %. a w.,.

• e

.,o+nn~

, '4.M.nsQ%

iX J

. nn.c(p.

c

m,:

v'l y

. y L,~. '

q 3 yvy y,,. ;. A p'.d&m yM'i%,T 4,r,,,a',

Ti. C, W e y

r..; C f ws glg.

.&y u x.:

n,

9; y 3

~,y

9%

.y y

.g y ~ w s.

a n Q,'

9':

c. t 9. - a wa,gqq%pq.s;p a 2p

.;%,6 a

, g..m.

,u 3

..yj, q

+;

ye y

..s -

e.

y:s,qww

.o

..+..< 4.s ~.q/s q 5.* ;, p

y.

~S, s

s y - ;

4...w

~

y s

4 Part'20 linite 'ofcourse play a ' central role in the '

M d M Mj

~

question of what constitutes " undue" risk. However, MZM i

it seems 'to tho' Board that there may be cases inwhich A g%

the evidance introduced.is such as to draw into quest-

- M 0;gt.p@

~

~

ion tha validity of those regulations themselves. In

,,i

% N.

such a case the Board might not be able to rely up on 45 h.MM(%

Part 20 as ostablishing the outer limits.cf accept,able

. '

• 7WMt o

u-ro 4

n r

1. w. N,,.,A M N v %m

• 4:

e.

. isk."..:t %r..e> 4.q.

wy a.

3r This aspect of the initial" decision'.was futher discussed in an ' A

^

4 'i 44.gjdyMMM;AS j ;.,%Qi ; j;$',lQ'

]

i mor-97 h M.

^

r #mp

, ~

._7 x-

.v. m ng r

S andum dated August 8,'1969, which referres' to the limited grounds for a MWE

&%%,, b

c.,

s.

7

.m licensing proceeding chall'enge to 'tt[e validity of a Commi.ssion regulation [ h 9

y*.

e

..,..,Wl, Yk

e.

5..,5 U.* E. $ '

~'

U.

f**M.. V"O : we k

. l}m.f0. h(?.y K

f d.~1

~*

5 l w:7.x.v 4;g.p.4 p.gmep g g

o a

.e

~, m y',?

c. M,~. m.mryiM "By libts.1 grounds we nean whether 'it was pronulgated?

N in accordance with applicable procedural requrlements;

.gM$

, WG@,y@

and, as respects the Comission's radiological safety y

M%

standards, whether the standards established are a b'

@M[hbl

~

reasonable exercise of the broad discretiot given to

.d

~

the Comission~ by the Atomic Energy Act for imple.. + ri nentation of the statute's. radiological safety object. -.MMi9%

Gjz; g;p..f.

' k 9 %{ qives."

,0

- ~ The A*lC's authorising legislation,+the; Atonic' bergy(Act of 19$h, m.,

w av

,~, c.,.+,

c x

requirst.

p that' the Conmission assure i.tselflthat. nuclear facilities wil,l'not.by~;

.?,.1 r ',rh d 4 sN5

. E Pi N

.:j48WZ'.'.

' M

~

N'

,. ~ ~,

, ~ ~

ya x.

~

W w n w ;;.,; & c% W -

. L v W (4 w & 4

,% y.h n

ical to the health;and ' safety of'the oublic.' ~ h2 USCA,2133 4d)M.The thems;yy.;

Y of 3

, u., M,g,'

m t,

z.....

T 4,,

s.

n j

the paramount concern in protiection of public health and safety recurrs 4

...p&4

~

throughout the' legislation,'eg;1h2 USCA 2013 (d)E h2;USCA 2201 (p) giv n.> > y.

s

..t y

<n

-j D the.Comnission tho y

'q e t w Ma, ww ngw e3Qp 3 3 "make, pramulgate, issuoi rescind, and amend such. rules'and L k g 5

j s gv. regulationa.aa.may be necessary to carry.outjthe~ durposes M%A k

'1

e. ~

. t 2. wm m n # m.J ? M. y g& M i (;&i18.!chapber.g'i i (cuphaitanadded) rW %r i

t

-, f

'rs.,

a q

-.7

.,4 4 m. A - #..j wJ. N.N

• 3, v.

3

.,.J.

f c

yL

' In the words of ' the Commission'itself in the Calvert Cliffs' }femorand

. x e

AT t

y m

y q m..

.. m

,,n

~

w.,. n n 7gy J

20~is;a.living document."fT,his means ;that i,ts provisions must reflect the WW IfC ' n.p 1

s u

-z 1L t,

.., vg,.

.4 g n

2.,d$ $,M

? M w.y.

_....e.

17M

?

most up-to-date scicchific~ infornaiion.availablei ' + h; t

p. n.

~

ny, %,

,m,,n J w,

.y

-?'

+

.., (Q.*.,u yp,., f,,

Q.],'gQ'QL

...: n :,- Q g w g 2,

3 -

p..

yNEQ

.?.-

.~ ~.

- =.,

',. w

. Evidence of sthe invalidity'of Parti 20/

.Li,' *' S.<O M'4 d. ~6m.m

_ ~-

1II.: ~ %. M ;%_. ~. Wy., ye ~,

4*

' t.

'M.

W 4

m &

- w.#

y

.__A.) ';The present FartT20 rep 5dehtiMis,torted Ne.w"ofIthel rop d % h *

~

3

+r mnw.-

~n n m,.w-v.,

x

.func ion ~Of[ safety sNnda^rds Iti rbt updn a d Sc ep lob of tb h

h.-

q

- 3g g+;Agy:.y[.g Ag m:gg.vg.g g gb%c e(i jy p

' :w.

w.-

- mm em.

misa..wmummwys c,s.4 R

L.M-.J.!6

,' n s 22 g,y % n' g n u Q 3.. n;t%y };f d.c, %. 3:l:,b.Rsy 4.W ne u

y

.6,. -A:V mr. -

Wk 3 Av <

Fw.

W hp FR& N ef:

Q<

f: f ; 4,~ b.M s9RQ:MM 4"

r

.f %F: p.g$.g gu ?

aw r-M, c p a n L

y v.

. n y:M : + v v &s y; j 4;q%, p'W.vgg&.}y;4.,f@Q.Q Q,m yy,pbp p*:y,ww

..%s. ffy3

g.,L ,gg,Q r;.,

y

'V

~ ~ C' u.m-4p H

6gg fnpm.

gg ve.m,;

< n., -

s sW y

t n yz.a.gw&y;y 3:

n-e a y;..e... ws.4 an

, r, y y

y; 9ggy.yyqg.g.g y,

..: g; g.

...y

_ yygm

.w,-wc % d%,

' ~ ~

b

• fl_.1 l'.; m. q Q.R. Q g f Q N M &. n..- :. & T g'..a s is n.:~,

,,au-M j, ! * ', 4 h 7 : p p y Ql y @ *9; n & & r, m., ] ~ Q j d g p $ $

y:'

.k < j;f JQ m W p M y; g $ q y p gm

- gnyg Q

y y,r..A xm p,, y.mNspwv y;w m.v.

..m e

n- ~,-

. r

~.

n ~ y y g.. w ~.

4 y

n 7

w m.7.'_'.

• s N'@y,h. f*A4 w.y.

. 6

.3- %

3 -

b.-

f yy7 s

y

4. wp.a s w, m;;. ww.y,4

.. +..

,y w

~

.s

p. w $ 4

_ asthority to set. safety standards and instead pemits the fact,or of cost tof117:e{

fh.

~, s :#yp

.nf

.h

. be considered of' safety criteria..Under such circunstances a reviewing QQM 4 yh.;.Q:

court would look to.the ligislative intent and the language of the statute?g;-d,$;iM,,

se...c.4h~

c

.+w 4. s.

g.

~

w.

.vc m.a y cto' fulfill its.. _

GU J4 C #;

M-

- 'i

"%A de 'WN ^ G

+

N; 4 %L jWMd;6 h dWi3 @.j;yfy%$5,MMp' p j j

G c,

" obligation to insure that' the adninistrative ' standards 73 qGA conform to the' legislative purpose and that the;, are uniformilyMMy, M gpg applied in individual cases". _.

3 3@3@l?3M 1

.R.D.F. v Ruckelshaus,.

.4

_ c m.x, d. M D (D.C. Cir.

F2d- -

t.

d J.

[ V Z k., J,., m m' ry January 7, 1971 ):

M T

,,,3 %:

ga

.u y.

n.

. n... - g-

.,.v m m

.w This Board, Like a Cburt, should find Part 2a an unreasonable exerolseM;v..)$+is q

of discretion because the Comission which draft'ed it was

~ - HW4&.%

e ss "found to have proceeded'on erroneous principlea".

WiWWM.m.gdd,l

~.n Rochester Telephone v U.S._ ~

h.;QQ&

• ^

F. -

307 US 125 (1939)

J WCMW

, M ds;%w.wtw v.

- A standard for protection against; radiation should be a safety,stendard.,%m..wgg

. c, W:.w:,.w,, ; ;myw

.c u

-c m

m. w,a and " safety". can sure3y nena nothing less then.,",feedom from exposur.e,..tos; p&g

-s

.wwg;<.. p.,.

~<a

c.,

, e x...

3 o'

-1, g

o, s

e.

w

.~

a.

l i& *

'f h$u

~. ? f.

s

.Theig, y?

f p#^

(Webeter'sShird J,ew International; Dic tionary/ p.1998),[;.f w f'

-V ce:m.s.,e g y g y.

danger"o s

~

.,x.,..

$.~..w.1 m, m, -s., o 4 %. A, e c,s

s. -,

y gnQ, _

W task of the' AEC infart 20,- then, should have been to' set maxia,sia exposures %,m g-

. *... g4w+m and release, limits sole 3y on the basis of current scientific ~informatio

..%+

-m,

. abo,ut.,

t.

..., a. %

,u;k V..

.,c y fg G y.

,,.s y

risk and, danger, not on the basis of expense,

' e, p e

pg; yg;y f(p$y?.t

,~

f 4

g.. '..MM lk

,A.

M J: ; -: n.y..w '

As it entirely separate seip. iii h. 4e adninistrative proc'ces' arid til E

,ec..

/ m,. ; p. n g,a '.;.,:.; ;;,:,.t y _w w, ;.~, p_

ephere of economics and technoloEy would be th's detemination. of'the cast @

t

-m.

gth 0

,w w..c &, n s w~c

,.qw..

um m. s s..m /; +c ~

~

.A

.. m, T

g u

nn., o of building sind operating facilities 'th'at' moob the safety st,andards of ParL*M5%-.

v q

= F r.

v -

T-Q.l$ Q Q

- N R;l 7..L It, vo'uld thin,be up to~ privat'e enterprisee to' decide wtrather i.

M et

e. S -

20 v

p

.x.n.w.

m u 3; & ;;- ~-,

,~.,m

,.. x +.. : e.c

.n

+

ower plants, orphether it would be@:y.m wr n

i onically' feasible;to band nuclear ',p..

1:-

p t

y v.

wacm qx,~ ~

.. e...

+. y: gxm

., e;. ;.

v

~~

cheaper per un',t, of electricity'psdac'ed to build a fossil fuel plant',V3f%qy.rg$

2 I

MM W,m :

n.,. 2 -

~

f

~

Congress' has to 's'oene extent altered the usual" Market Meshaninma upongM b w.Mh i-

~

3s. 9 ;k; u. a.~. &. ~.

. m.,; q pgQ

, 9 v.....

v

~

..a.

whick private enterprise,s ordinariKy. depend for.guida_nce in;....niking theidem

. ~. ~

,e;

c..

Q ;r'

. : x.,

. V

, J. g = %, [j. Q x Q i j % ; f } % h q D.j;r L Q ; 1 Q d g y Q' : -

s cr %.... 4 - q,J Thus, Congress.has, subsidized inuclear j Y

cision,1ust' described ovedbyQi 1

l.

y6 m.w; ; 3 e...u

.t s

- s

.,o i l'

ggetui g g C

(

gyg7{

g

• p.

n m+ p4 % ia n;,

.~.Ama+.mm m., m, o.s... c.,.

,e

- a.

QC$g& i q..

q@

a 4.n,. g m % m: p% y s..qt.s.;$ f y,g G w Q x s w@a@y q cf g y.y 2

J[' '. QUh $., g,~W u%

p ' MyQn Q.-,,

-n 1

m.

MY,.

'K

.N'

&,, D,3

~

m.6m m wwnm. m.mgon%&W. r.:.x%. y%.m;w;r4p

.u p 5e

~y%p,y m &.

r&h&mg&e(.R%iWNWY &ff({g., &w&

..q w w< _ y &e y

.gn

. x.,

c e

e. w%

4m m..

Y ]** ^l ;ki 4*: j f'[kf $, Y.,:

. ?d*$

h ky<

g

• f $

d

t y

' --- T WKWeW5y.dh ljT 3:7,

> m b x y g f,j:: y. " y [ ; W + 9 ' y Q y [ l [ 3 y ' g y A f.Q, f %

w

3.-m g p g g g

m.

o s.

e #.

m..

s 4 3, 3,y-Q: :;y #e q

.s v

q; g %qq @h.:,'.% R.W/ p k &.9,

.TQQ, Q

4 MG

, ' :,Y G a

%,9 g. S., p.. Q

;?.e.

'm n

~

.m

.ju m.,

- +, "

ggg@mb

~ A

+

u.

em. gg[

/

s

'['

, yit4*g, of insurancia to enterprises involved in nuclear power prodtiction.' The l'er-t,' Jyf#@&,

~

eral Government ale.o subsidizes nuclear power facilities by financing the :

, ;. ypg.,

y g

ja y.;

, b @ M.4

.g 3

a s.

1 <m m1 initial fuel supply. In these ways, Congress ' helps - tne indastry to be

].;};j.-g

.x 4

• 2 competative with other forms /of fpower production. j Y > 9 "4 h *b " h* O

..s f h, J Congress has not,'MK h.~.bu G.U@% 6:$hi%Webt p "gh

.. p w. c

~~ however, node and explicit decision to subsidiser ",[.;Wp46 .. + p v n.

m. - :

6.g.a., %g nuclear. power by pernitting i.he safety standards to be minipulated so that.. g ] m99' ~ nuclear power production will be economically feasible. Neverthelsss, we,>- Q g t p; ~- ~.>. ~ .. t ' V M. 4 5* M.<%.'A j@M, ~ 3. .<y b,......., P, M submit thnt the A1C has done so wi'thout congr/essional authority. In the " ' , d@;m.d.# . Mg k 'a @ p %e. light of available scientific unfornation, certain exposure limits should W. e l' .'..c.u.m.,t k. p ~ .s4 have been revised cownward.. (See infrapp.,4 ). .Nor has Part 20 adequately]i w&y W s: s. n. A a. recognized the fact that ceoole will be excosed to increasingly nmuerous m n't ; , o wqs.pe s . d ~ - j.M R M

• sources of radioactim emissions during the coning years and that a methodNMI}$p&

i-M of apportioning' total radioactive outpu~t a:iat be{found.7It ' appears thah -?.};.Ll f i

• W ', s.

l ; e. Y ? f.%5 se 7 ^$;?

9.. '

~^ a. .n.. n -x ~ m.q,.s w~

ti

.~a.. aa +c w.. w:,. z s :.. de_*1ciencies in Part' 20 st.am from the interest in making nuclear. power'- QyY 7, .:..x wn. f s.- '. r,.. a.,. m. wx? .u... .e ,o y u economically feasible rather than physically safes g w... m 4 M M M, o'@'Qg g~{ 4; ~ -X n ,.4: v = c .m -c .. c. I The ICRP, on t; hose recom:.ondation's all Part 20 standar' s are based in ' WM ~ d .l^ . ;:hA% s v..v:u k. .I -l pcrt, has actually stated that ~ U Q:M .g, ;s p'&' d i '.y E c ,,,t.

d m.

- - s a,,s.. a. ,3, 4 t 1 +.. g.

• The Corinission.belierei dhat this level (of radiatiori'emincion)W.%g, 7

s j q,- m .4. d g e,,,

m w.

• ' ro'vidca iraanonable latI'k,u'de;forfthe expansion o.f. atomic' Nachgyh hh

a

..-. p,.,-,.- - p#.J.

t. 3c N g 1

.[ prograr.s;iti th'e forsee'ab2f fuhneN[ ISRP Report 6 pd.'lkb$khj$h l i,+;;..J c Theelearest exprest. ion;of, tidiIsfa., y. G s: ..s.. ' w.;;;yry. gthorized interpretatiotr of' its rey @a:, w$ ..t ~ a gy u .,, 3 -. .; - v. sponsibility Ltc set safety standag;As. qcond in.10CFR 20.1 (c)..(35pFe'.1.e,A;.

• m,w*a-
• 1

-g p e, o .. a.. e .m + r, y d .p$ Q = p _ g.3 p. ..y n x r a. . 4g y Reg.18387, Dec. 3,1970.)? This paragra,ph reads aa fo11ows4 ; s

1 39,../ Q

. % S 7 .\\. "In accordan'ca U.th recoi$lendations of the Federp1 Radiati'oN; M, g q c - :V ,v 'f ^

Council, ao~ proved by(the P' es,ident, persons' r

ities 'tnder lice'nses ip'Inerg;y lA'ot' Atomic.' Energy. ponnispion 4 : 'f.3.W p,o'd' b 7 the _f ;and releaaes of radioactive mater .Y N pursuant to' the At'onic of 195h, as ' mended, sh*ould i W c a S ' in ad'dition.to' 6onplying with th'e'riguirementsiset forth in thish M-;, ~ G T parti tr:ake every(reasonable ef, fort -to h$ / a h in offinent'lto unrestricted' h k @c' , 3 2.. m 1 , +. : ; w,. a m.. w 4 *. f' ,<l. amg . d, W, _.,.e- .m 4 - 4 4 J. J. v.

13..,p.c 1'"h' y, r.

4, ;- y.W s W. n.. ;,' 4 ,s & $m.-*y..e 4p.-c" h.1, v. .. s ; 4 v& &:Q l d t ' i f ' ' qb & !'y. &n - /.. .Nk !: l% .. ~ m, w.,: e. w &. 4 %y. w.#n n. m.n,' m& j, u. .. ~ a.ma % l#, s o n N 4 V s p W h: n ;,g w; M a gh a g g,,;3 W. &y d;.a m s %c w2 9 o

g * %.~

, x :

x.,

, y m g;3.u wx w t L+_ y 4,, N, Gm w: ., d,E M Q.W g 4 yg Wc eQ f r 1.

~mee m, - -

-l W

g_ v. m _.g.g g c.g ._, w g ; g, pggg- ^ ggyi .% :yy.3 y ?!ll%.y -.g; 7.; g;.p-pw,c h,W.v;.,3qgyg;( 53 Lg.. yy . g 4 g g g. g w 9.43 vA w. y g g w/v+, w <g u..wypgg ,.1 .w e. m.g .m -w..,c -.ty'gfw; m n. -a< ,m j ,q y q. areas, as far below the'linits specified in this part as prac.].%,yg - l Iicable. The term "as far below the limits specified in this ':T.yggd A[ part as practicable" means as low as is practicably achievable _.3j tra.ing into account the state of technolcgy, and the economics 1 ( i of improvements'in relation to benefits to the publi ']O e. H-safety and in relation to the utilisation of atomic energy in ' -c @ g. ~ ggs ,i-the public interest." _. w x 3 M.g The words'of 'he regulation, which explain the "purpcse". of the chapter, rec ~. 74&A f ~ " N %MMMfS

1. +cm 9,.

. quire the a;ency to take into ' account "the statefor technology, 'and' the %WM ' ~ m ~ 7 3gg.gqq On crossehtion,(Alq$pK -p gw a qm

w pg qq 44 g g -. v.;;,

3; economies of imorovements" - (emphasis'added)'. 4 ; 4 v. w g ,. m - s.e, 9., t tha t cos t was,,, B;Q$p. u - [ witnesse*, Tedesco, Howe, and Pogers corroborated the fact &. x y,:, M. considered in deciding whatner radia, tion exposures and radioactive releases 1T ? KM)* y v.,< a .6 j n m.& ~-c(#,3,% Gs g'. gg%qw. y,. .a s ~ y Agg y ry

t..

.q. y,y b g,, m ,e,. 9 were safe enough. This is not es'tablishing hou much safety we can affordt' QQgg .. :. t 4M.4'" x CN h Wen if the AZC nandate to develope uses of nuclear energy is inter. m o w nY. i y -2ed... s-s s -- i pre,ed to mean " promote", Part 20 - meant to include only safety standards g8;&@s j g 1 ~ w* 'p iWM: y, .i 17 not the proper vehielo.for this activity. Louis Jaffe, Judicial' Control ; WQ(,w,f e.,y ,t .-m J $y. I sj r.f Administrative Action (1965) egives one definition of abuse of discretiony9%y4. ~)>: '.a n. - y x. :s 6 f &.<.. d,W'?Q@a M 1 W + y.ngaM?k7-7s ? en ex,ercise of;discreLion in'2whichP. gy y @p- .p .,e 3 -c .3 y S & ; W 3 7.; J .v.;,. y i%Qg;g g u.an exercise of discretion in'which a' rblevant consider ^ .a ~h'P has been given'an' exaggerated and 3 unreasonablet saidhti MMk ggjhtj The flattert has been observed y'f Qyn . at the expcmeof;others; u violated. Discretion implies" ^ 5 the 'spirl W has been 7 3%.Mp 'a 'balancin; 8, where the result is eccentric either 2 3,* W h @4 M i s 17 W.3 there has n-t been a balancing or a hidden and mayh,ap ~ i improper motive.has been at work."; ,,1 masyx p,~, ,,;i>. ~, s,

• Q.} @.

f %3 d'g he ARC has emphasized ~and given an "exagerat' d,usig

• T ptM-T e

.~, r -es. oromotion of nuclear energy at;the expense of safety. " # i z' j '?Y' U, T @\\ g f.~~-sa ^.~ '"

,o M

pif4 m. w-m z .u. _ n

w. ;u m...,

, pwqr o %.~+ # m fails ~asiaL"r 'asonable'exeircise of the braed'discretionMD4 i . B.k Parti 20 also,% e ~ 9; y y. .( g : - 3. ..L nggg& oenission by,the' At.oisic NE,rgy 'Act 'for impfementation[ofN_M$m$hhh... given to t6e G ~ e m -.WW '-,, ~. 4, c. -, ; -2 3 ; the statute',s radiological safety objectives" in that certain important ~ (Ms@g ~ . _ e.. mmQ ( 3 +a. ..n g portions of the regulation [are outmoded; [T e Ireque' tly mentioned Yhhkh h n . y :, nn y w. document 'at t}ha(Davis-Besse Heari*n*g's wYer the' Nationa ~ ~ f; p. m. j f. QD $.,,mMPQ ' Radiation Ppoteetioniand Measuremental(NCRP), Report No. 39, *. c_ ..w M x m _. / m p.w, ,c y , i. <.' ; @ r c. q c-p*1

• PBaAic Radiation Protection Criteria" (Applicant!s dahibit 8).

,, e - . f :as. N gb Mf&g( p. y _,Wf ; %: G f% kyXnhQ% -s, .' 'c y4 ' This is_ the most recent' publication of that body published'. January 154,1971%'7$h 4.w..: aymy9 +..- ~>t x.= ag :n m. . ~. . k [W f ~ lr h i Y' y _ u%[. y.% . o.4. A ?h,.h ln Y. 'U f 'm .f N % ' e,,,, d '. cl (& l} A c 7, # m m. e%g 3 $~ ~?w.,.gq m## c y m p m p W N 4 m w @fg wWdp4pm gML 4GEMNQ A AQgg@deMEMtMrh&MN6;@ftE@hgM@#e # NBA u. 1 r y%i t ' ? 7 A w. 9 %* WO.w= p t s.a m= ,,.,x _ ,,n,

3.mmmm mwn w; x.3. < .g [ _ ff%M.M@w%9Mf%qq%yQ%I%$w i M M9 7NdM b U. jY Y w ,.. g g - w,; w g gn e.sss ; n-g. 4,,.&. q 4 w m n e.~ w. g :n q 2 w M.t .y:yy,44,qq..g p g. y g; w ng a m. y w c, y-3py39 4 ,., m.~ g#m.u5ya u... - 7 : m

n. 3 s

~x t.< u n ~:. g..ge4 m .. c a >s

7,.

n. m m v .c ' V uw:g / ~,. ' ,j a A M. m @#m a,eQQ its re evaluation work ~v,,,.J 3- . u -x s ~m

• has been underway for a number of years and the general _.. mx p v - 4.5 4FM68-r '

.V 4. g & t y ta .a recomendations of this report have been subjected to. - m S bh- '. ; ';J 'Q,Mg.~.. 14' considerable scrutiny outside the cormittee for the post. - ~,(p.y) y n,f;. %* 1 three' years." ye y. a ,~ s .u.- ..~ g. s w _.g fgr. 4-@ p. 4 ^ ..Q ) ** "..T. ht~. .;.,ws g e a % 9 7 t Th,e scientific data'on which.its recormnindations are based has d;y.[i,,pQ ? ,.t u, rL l,_..,.,*Q f ;j. g .t; :. 3lg Qv %, N +h ~ g w p [/04gyy This is not' the N.a'c[fo$mm.,g obviously been afai b e foI so [n em )7, q r. q 6 3 fwp.g.p ~ @hdh . c w. hy. [ time ga .s g ggg., 7 a lengtky-description,of the NCRP or its connectio'ns with.the AEC.-e p%ygg%g, 1 -.i 3 ,g ~ Some of these facte 'were referred;to i~ the testinony of LIFE vit-i_.jy;Y M hi q,gypy[ww., y, (w. y o ~;m w-M:p_ ype ; e 1..Itl :: Mgg ness Sternglass'(Tr./M-(5)and ABC witness Rogers, '. + =.r is evident that such an organization with its inevitable cornitmentY ' [4@@,f ~ v s wn .T'*. ! NW to prior recomendations can not be considered lacking conservation. TP@V + ~ o +.uq s,3 $m w m \\ ,gg in its approach to revisions of govertzentally approved safetr

s -

w, i.e%.w %g. ? g. i u .~- i n 4p r criteria. ' Nevertheless, the 1971 NCRP report recosmenda several.. MMR,~ 4 g ... y, _ ~, e - r -3 : ; > w/ s - gmy-. m, - -s ,3 . m..wwy:. gg e n-v- ' significant changes frow ite' previous. guidelines,upon which present%y g..q .w y y ,c T$$ 1 Part 20 is in part'ba's.d.g A comparisoCof,these rec - &j. .i 3;-y, g g g %gly 3 g;;.g.93yyg 1 M n7 e_ om m .m, o.p.gyg,p y y, with the present' standards in Part 20 points op some imaortant%a, yF;,s. n. ,aw s.,u., 2,. .. ; w:m u.~ -.n.- s .MQ m, . ;en..g. m.w%%M. A E e

i. :.,

ME R inadequacies in the latter.' '

• 7

. Q@ %q[gk - - J I The National (Council"od Radiation Protection (NCRP) Report,3%[,y, Ja{. 4 y :,7 t..-n. .w e..+ w %..i,n,e, g.n reflects the most recent findings of al corporation set up by Congress.3$,vytt~p:y .z.. g i;.W.O m....t AQ MThe Cosnission maintains close ' consultation,' and willV9 #;q@ e; a.p&;p...... m ,&1 :.. m 7 ~:40+4 ~ : p-4, .e ' /gMM . continue to consulti with' the National ' Council'on. R

Protection ~and Measurements, land the International Cas;

=- D$M q r + (; t:W1NT mission _on Radiological Protection."' l n nAt %: %R. .s ( ';M Q Ted: RegI Y? 35,'M$W {. ? No. 2%3,::18386 YW3;7.s# / Mt n 1 xn 5,..O.. /% Y. r- +

nl ;

.c( ..s; ~..,ang 7, +u 3 'aif n q y; Y_v ..,s.. O. -.,-.

9.. u.,a, n g s-

~ y.n...g m.n 7 ~ .G. s.4 u ....s,.

Aa the, testimoqr of Dr. Toutpkins on behalf of the AECr(pJ 180CK $

~ .r.<.. t, -18o3.Tr.) and thi ucRP report achibitc, paragraphs =lzy

; c ~ a - c y

.;y_3 ~~. 2 .. w ~

• c =:

.mW a.M

.. yn y e :.

2h0,9hlJ2h5,~2h6f255,"L.and 256' indicates;"the,NCRPNYNMM 1 ~~ . L [ ]. N -237,'238,'239 2 e .y[ mpg,g g4.qyg.4.% gy/ appg.gggy sk.6, - propogee oertain. way; importanti changes [from; the a. a,?:isting "regulabio 5 .t ~2 y;,;,,p e w p;~. m, x -

p o,y n,. ~g c.. p,. u.

m . c. c... s ..a,- - ..r...~. e .ca e. in 10CFR. Part,20.VAnd ti s proposedic,hanges in NCRP Report number'293 @d%

• i q

1 yX . reflect data.that.has1been known.for a=sitime.c g:&- 3~; inge' v u .i. p %.d % N Q-M : m'& w ; a.L c g m a a m g% d @q 9 e g As 4 km o W.s,4+ m s;;.pn , s w nu x w + ? Ca; f; (, S .R* Port st t ,f gn mues$w?*Q$,s,y g;g. ?WWdggs ..zu .. t e s A,Q 14 MM&Q agggs'

7

e. ~ e

. ga.<ya%m m.m a ~., ~. + sv WN ^~7 %,e,u r e v,. v ~..m x.m G' W, ,. -y %v. . n, y-a,, :. m y. n w - e ,.i.. s. a w ~. a..g s + 1 , 4 3 y.; q ; d,C p A.. f.,g y.-,.g:v %-u n.+.~c.

Q%w.

• s y 3 f.,:, Q V &.' r.&.QQ"yn!a:G 8MM.?@d%%y

~.,. .s v n gf %Q. R. ,.,;4 g a@ . - - ~y. f__c% ). l-fi:v1. t,. p., % a._%. m,. y., _ L+ : ' ~ y.';- , 4.. - u. n.n. -. : 3.. a y. ne 1

• m f.7,.g.~ sg g

~ 5 + 2 h pf,.. ~ ,-r , yg4 . 774 u

i..

.1 ~ jm 1 QJ d. % g "the general Vecommendatioos of ttiis report have been O )/gd%. ~ subjected to considerable scrutiny outsido the cormittee q for the pas 4 three years."- SQ ~ a. W;; w w \\ and in setting up-to-date standards 'they state in parcraph 17, i.jM$n; c,.,

c mn ~

~ vngg .-..;,~s

x

- ; W:l ? ;,$T ~ eb e x. O page 6: ~ AA. t,; - 4, .wf _ + - + s m. a e wp z M .z,. i. m;,_ v-r,..x x p y. p.gy y'.. . s.M ; "these. guidelinea -may. change : freque g ^~ practical experiencef availability of improved measuring 'M methods and the complexity of compet.ing applications gg A; involving radiation.;' Bodies promulgating recommendations., N s,%.e must maintain cognisance of advances in the understanding Sp .of radiation effects so that, the basic, criteria r i ^T 4.jyd,*. on ralue judgement, vlienever possible." - aup[w(z; ~. In other words, ~it is the ERP's feeling that guidelines be. - [; ~QQ a I c pagn updated as new information is -gained, to protect man from unnecessary ' i. C .l r, vr m. . 1 %.sQ'$, ; dargerous radiation effectd. . ~.* w** e s-One of the moet, imp'ortant changes in the Report was the recom s ['N(FMp Al ]

L;tg @eq*3.

MfEfg ,Q . bip Q L 4 . mendaurm for women of reproductive capacity in the occupational..g <+ a f :. ~ W f:. c %,! y-v&.; :'M.dQ category., As Dr. Tompkins points lout o'n p.'1801-1802 of Trdnscripts? QQ

(- t g v. w.

- / W 4% :

7.w b '. p.93 m g , 87This change'essentialV.would'.es.t,ablish. a new radia, tion OM g' ' . n, w.wK.n l y worker category ~.,, a.. - c-a u. +- Q 4. 9 'm. y > f W,e i 3 3 The exposure allowed under Part 20 makes no distinction of different .wt ' ' OM.. .g .we;s.Qy'~

4

~- n classifications >of workers in nuclearI facilities; and Parti 20'and! ', W.):.m%r

94. L.

,,n MM.waNdM ~ 1 o >w FRC guidelines pert'it 5 rems per year to all ' orkers (p. 1801-02[;; c c Q M 4 % w i .s., .y y. c..,. %..p 1999, 2000 Tr.).7 The',standaede vare set up ~on what was known about 3. $.. a. A7'Wy 1 Eleariacilities,i(pdi370 Ts. gz m a , 5 7 0gfQ u s ;. - a. .o m E ..the adalt in oc upational conditions-inin - a + - ' ;:,ny k The ERP report,, Exhibit 8,' r'eccaninds that exposure to the ' c \\ 4.gQ.. pp} . n v.. c f%p s

4.. -

a m .~ y ,. e. s,m. . 8,. r.-. n w

• fetus bar u

= > - w m. 3 ;N.,._ &. +. 4y ,m's 3..rsk m-r . : s..g: mQ,,. np ]' dose eq61 valent to the fetas from occupational expo

4

pemissible' 't Q M .a e . 7 e -+. [ ~ ~ 7p D

• ]f {,7.g%[lyg

'. the expectant motheir shonld not exceed 0.5 rom.' -sd.. 4 m ;,.. ..s s. .s '. s. .c y@.n,n,.,. A J'

• L.J Dr. Ernest,Stornglass,4,

., m _,w;,, " witness on behalf of LIFE,,atatod O i _ =.d f> u. s 4.e_. p m 4 es e.s m .en., .. + ; v;. C;, ,o._ 3 _ g %g, 4 { "the-infantAthe fetus, and 'the early embryo,L which,a E- + 1 + moat'sensittw members of ourJopulation." ;A)(p.1336..' .awy#w - A A 7..a T-y m&,W 7..y MDF ~

, 4. q(N h *r'3

,, 3,p k,h. m,'S M. 1 D q .7, t e, e n ',j' N K. g g.,.1., p,, 4 q..,p. + ,j., g4 q.. g, .g 4 V,, _~ d*(' f. ..s my fs:, g-d eJ l M N. i /. \\ 2 p[., : m y,MQfe;4 3 i V.

• M*

y - 3.[ ' L x y

q % ~ ; y Q },f f p ; p y g_ g. y ; p %m :.L v

39 .rL1 %ms 2. &.Q Q j g.:.- M g. p p M* f G .w. 3 4 ' O b L. m. ) '. ~. t :- @ M. ce.x :rm m n 2 m s, #p%N 4 W& w, . % m.n.n&, i.L e:c.@s%Q$w$WQ}if r A;w D, N W M k *uy' n f.4 2: [ p ;,,. ' p, A & V'JN % y:p 4'. H. y

• i 'g(y)ysq

.~ i .'" q j 7 s ~ M: Qf As Dr. Sternglass pointed out in his testimony, tha first indiCFkiCa 4 . T %g of an aesociation between X-rays 'and leukemis and cancer in etuldren ' ',W4.n.,m, v. A c,s w* 4 ') j was shown by Dr. Alice Stewart in FaAM in 1956 (Applicant's s hhh Exhibit Ih). .. ;, cdQ f[ 40 [ $~ N', ( yw J, x, w w 7.. w ; c- - w m;,.. w wis,. -c 1 ..m 4 .m ...c 3 ?to find ouffwty leukemial..had ~iiicreaa'ed in~ Enkt eM af term Q.3 p .~: s 2 '~ 5 Te 2 W if Q g'J d '1950, she had carried.~out m'stu# in which she interviewed :. Wdf. 1 motherr and found out that among the mothers who had had diagnostic I-rays during pregnancy, there was approximatelyj. : 4,f, $ g, l a 90 percent greater or almost twice as many cares of 9yp$ leukemia and cancer among their offspring as cmong those.3 o. Cyt who had no I-rays. JBy 1958 aba had accumulated a much...nWWQ71k

'F m., a larger number of c5ses and' again her study was honfirmedFIb Mg ".,

1 %;;M7% (p. 13h1 Tr.)- 1D %e %.+ M

j

.N~ 9M. M, .~ .~ i And the study conducted to. check these conclusions verified Dr.. .p% c i _. Q; Q J y, h 4 .u

q/ W@w 1

Stewart's etu# as Dr. Sternglass testified: "Furthermore, by 1962, Dr. Brian NacMann, under sponsorship,' ',?M@W ' g both by the Public Health Service and the Atomic Energy ,N'h M A Comunission had carried out, a check:stu#, a' separate and independant 'stu#'of this particular phenomenai and also ; Q;gQ ' ? concludes as, ai result of the ata# involving some.800,000M,3 p; - g ~ children born in New England'and New York hoepitals,:aQV?Rdh c ) 'N ~ fraction' of 'whon had of course received I-rays, thatlindeed $$' ~ ~ . he confirine'd the' indication thatlagain there was.somethingi QQ ,.j like's h0 tol60 percent. increase 'or. aliost' half as'maryM M [ ':.QM . cases of leukemia and cancer among the children that had received a few diagnostic I-rays.' - ; k D ? @% A*~;g ~ (p. :13k.442 fr.1 $p-a ~ i 1 @e.g.. 3 wg A _3, me Since one dingudtic I-raf', amounts to 200.h00 minivens; ' ~m L. . - *: 2%Mn .. f. CMbJMh4: aQ exposure levels are 'similmvto those permitted under 10 CFR Part'20M^m%@aQwsp M%f ' w/s. :: : a.mm. ', .e 1?nr,,as Dr. Sternglaasj;g;gdOg

1. fgggt g 1

m A.5 x l .tobegiventothegenerallpopuation,. s q,t s m m.; ; g 3 y. gggg.g g s s .p. pointed out' on p. M.ofTranscript. 'As Dr/ Sternglass'atat'ed #MWgS WA + o". .v

• 4c

- w w;y .,. pD w.; s; a. m -%* y. a ,. g yy gj g T. further, Dr. Alice Stewart, con. firmed in more detail..ber' findings. lin n 4nMW x,.- ~,, g J e . ~+ a e p" g ' f,. - ,e. ,el, 7* ' ~pt - ' "s p } c ( J'. I. /d

• [

.( *g-p , June, 1970 in:"_ '. M,{,* @p] T O N151 ? O,.M ' Jd IN##$, i R.

• p.gg

^2 ,m i u., r YiWk 7 W g D g* 7 " review of some 19 r:1111on children [a fraction' of whom J ~ %were..I-raged ov.er a longer period of time,: approximate 3y,3 jh y ,f) a decade 'andia, half,in EnglandQ Again 'using hospital %, ' 'i records, she concluded. : Ember, ons,' C. there was. evidence?n M.W3 ~-. 7 between the number of I-rays given and the chance of yw ',i Q n.. ; for a. direct,. linear relationship 'or a. proportionality ~ l M M $ Q M4e V .W ' cancer and.leukisia. p Number two,' she was able to. arrive hAMWQ L c 2 i nt the conclusion" that' the early ' embryo in the 'first! ' ".456MTff ' $ ' ? $. trimester vs 'appra*ately W times"as' sensitive'.as ' the 63%% *%

• ~

>~ UQb _ M.tM.$ w.,(i.A. mines"greaterra~&,fiL.v.i,fQQ\\hr,c&. f~G..~QfT 4 M f WreQt#a gived; amount'of radiatio M. g 7 ow ew 6f Ethe fact thal hir e+ J W. o n. ~ c ~ ? 4 ~QhQ sQhQ-..~&st y A% % g g & L s ' & Y, W ' -;sd,r s 9 ?. sw _ _ _ _ ~

7 g-7,, c ,,gg ,.. p 3.w. w,-s,sw j /q *. m n - w;g.,w h.; ; g;;.fs&mQ J- &y 9 n Mm .~ ~,- ".c ~ V q.j.. j gtggg'to doubli the facidench of 4 d4@g.d

g. - - Q: a R 3..

y 4 gg;g,g,y:-gggg; dp 5 .h.g d .. figure; catablisued c' dos'a hhn. " l ' h "~

leukemia and cancer'of about'1200 millirads. for the lateL *'7 %.$N M

fetus near full-tem," her conclusion' amounts to the fact ~ N P :% $ W Q g$ I j.! that the early fetus requires only about h0 millisads in ~ Q '.~ f M y i i the first three acuths of pre 6 nancy in order to iddicate

, M ii.{ g 1

] ~ - a statistically.significant increar4 or dogbling,of carcer f Ygg-g and leiremia in the next 10 years of life ' ' ~ ' 3 Og (p,.1%3 Tr.) ~ ~i F&g&M ,2_ iAMyv ' MMDfa According to Dr. Sternglass'. testimov. this damage is' caused by the - i m.x,' g.. ~. g. Ahwg ..? .gs. g a w y-eu. r.< 4 . cc r s V..~ y& X; w q& : fact:1 s :* G A c e, m ,.. s v v... w&w:s fN.g .1 WWN t yg s m wa .y e wwp.m,ampy -m.m m m,g m.mg.y a.x ' N g d[y . That tM tryonio, cens am not able'to repair and ' { A ; - 4. y.gg 'j s J M i resist. Tn.y have~not yet acquired the ability to fight off cancer and leukemia to the same degree - QQg; W4W e

q matan eens have,=

e, m G.n*Q' iq@]QQ ~ (p. 13a-h5 Tr.) 4WA:; . U3 J u:k W..frMX g. In other' studies relating to fallout from naclear. weapons g. gg s SA%

.J:

testing, to increased induction f cancer and leukemia in children, hy%gMt$ < o I '. j Wi@dW%h ,l Dr. Sternglass stated in his testimony on UFEf s behalf Yf 4l u g,.. 4 ~ "Early in 19d a set of data was published by the Faw York , Np' M!

O y))p; 4

} State Health Department indicating riscs.in leukenis did, pj $l l f p 5 W $@. 4 l indeed take place for children under 10 years of age for t, j. which data wac coe9 ste 'and it showed a peak occiu redg~ d%M'S"4;g 1 some six or seven years' af ter' arrival of a' fallouCand this is similar to the peak;that occurred in Hircshima andMGM h wem exposed.tofrediation.T. Q ; $ $ X % @:!.; q s Magasaki ~six to'seven jaars 'atter the individuale there M$f. p j ,f 1 a s ;+... q, ~ pg w p umm g

• ~

Furthernore there was ~a'shiNiti age distr $oution suchWWWM. q,b i I that childron were Qing towards older age.. Instesd of t - i y;j(".%@ppq i j - # ing nainly at two to.three years old, laukemia seemed. ~ M Q%i f-f.bf @ @f @ds l to be striking then at ages 5 to 10.c This shif t, had

1 been noticed by Dr. Alice Stewart and Tr.-MacMahon fcr

' N W J; W W @D Q children'who. received I. rays in' utero"and again' this ' tended to corrobaratef he hypothesis that've may' be' l'M.h ? h N k M b t ' dealing with an 'effect' on'the child"eii in utero,Tdue ' to j nW[ s 7M4 J35 :. CQf:.rJQ ' This pariicula$f MN'$s,the radiation both externany 1.1 f[ L A@ *.% r stu@,swhile exa:rining it further, I; ' # ' M;BdWdfM .Q N$g@g@$ deteeted in that same area of ADay-Troy, New York, a1 g halt in the. decline ~of fetbr men tality which happened. ,' Q Q / [; Z fQ to be going 'on at'a stea# I then suddenlyL uithinia' yea rate since the early.'30s and ypk NQ'y rfor so af ter the ' arrival of - V 3 m, jj '$ha;, . the fallout in Albaty-Troy dri.sticany leveled off. and, / then began to riso again and 'on?y in the last' two years, ' ' ' ' DA%.y 7 has fetal mortality.in.all c.f,New York had'this area "~ M M + J 4%W begun ~ to come down again. ^ f, ',y%Ap,y ;c,~,. , j ;, n. q g s a I e ,,w. 3x w. a. +a. ~.. su T6en we exam,ined. infantr.ortality 'all'over tiie' United <., 'y W a ~} States and found(thal pstate by atate, down-wind fr 1? ( m. a the testingf there waaga rise and decline of infant a

>; SC %

N > ^15, sears: history,:ini.tnison, following; s mortality' Abovef the orajected ratos based on the previona%D d l B,Wy rf s, ..3V wM:e4 Y 9fS@?.n@ M, Ab VAMMM ,1

• 4?s d i g-

'apagm n,Wingsw# g kW y: b 'g w.9; h kh h k h 5 ~ gk Nh e - w{t.,. wwww sh6,ppeh.ApSqq*e.% k%gwg 2; j =c z.g g,_ .f e 7 3

.~... p.g.yy.7 .~.. wep.a c. w

y. 3.,

m. _,..

.g - g,,. y pqy+s;;;7p 3,v. p.g a.IESW$dMM FMigW@&

gg;pq n,a.' cc.., p.nt

• i wK w.y ryg.;y.w 9

4.. m w w y*f, N X y. M. m v

,s .v spyOn.% @. y 3 o.g g.% WA3 1 Jf , i

• m.%

4 y74,g; g sg @...% %.a ec m A @s:%,g;g g g g g % g g .ng w o. g ... gm - a x. s. %a.. 4 3. 19 - : .. v 4 - e; n, ~.ayy;10 - p ~ a .. m u a ~- ~ 0 % p %w g .,., -., ~.; %. h. M. 4 ~ m v.: q-. ". j,n,n 4 x.y w a q~, ,4 s . -+ ,g w-s. ' \\.'h. : c.y- [ K tla s h*.,s ',. 5 -j v -' ,,. -' ,a h M/6QIiq W af ter the onset 'of nuclear testing in the'early '50s and l,.{ ending'. dramatically within three to five years af ter 1%21. g jg)h h Or, in othehwor'ds/ in the last,three to four years infa [ .. ~ i A"' mortality has once again dramatica11f resumed. its dealine * - ccd % 7p g.e. and in fact will of course'have gone~down to far lover g values as for; instance is shown in one of;the figures that C4.$Mi I have: attached;$$M4@W4%%%(%r -%@%%s pg - I referredLto.5. f

-Q ~

,i ~ 'oWeM -~ w p 1350-57 Tr.MW a wq. e..,,w:%.+ ~ 0 Qm .g. }94[s /* %q.. ^%,,

• L,

, t / WQ ..f3, .s. 2 . % # $j,ge;.%.'f 4

m m% 'qb*

^ .y g ? ., - w 1 %hs. 13* o }$ q N . h [, 'f g y

• 4. _on s
  • a

_, Q +. .w. t A,. !. 3~ 'y 1 ' + f? f&%l R '-s

• h%r.@,7 Q k.

i ,e +-n.m. I '? 'f .w. x.egr@Q ~ ~ *. n ? s r ' d h W." s <h < n* p' ~ i w. QM $&m.wc s ., ;w\\ Q ~ M. t s g, W t- .n 4 p c, ,y N 8 .a2Q ,aW.g w}&..W w , Q&, rc: u y , x. 5kpg p

J

, p 3 a o >. m .n y.c L W.. J, a a m.3.a.e v., ;mna.v T, 8 3 +3 . o..e.h. y- ->,=..#,.'*s.4 -.,.. _yq;.,.,..a y. p '- + K* ---, u . r >) ,,y ;. 3.s.,,s.t.,Qs** ,[ ~.wQ y,s J e w -. 4 -,.,g ~ v .a,. - A, k g f:..

n. x. u.u =

m J;.-g g % e<.q...y n q,

w#

s,- n, i w ~ ..a .-e. w. ..,a m-au-n g, . m _.,. ;,. v y.v,. t- - c,.. - 4. n,u.,s..- 3.s q ? .y. s v m.g y.. , q, #cui m q.,. y.,*g $1 c.o s _. -3 + (l i 6.v' ,1.Y ;g h'4.- J [ ~* n c 's s e~ n %.u. M.- w % :v r &' w-3 ' c. ;w w.., h,a.,,. v, a ;' w'r 1.:-- ~ ov.,,.; + n gg~ u..%.; f %m mW - w .. o., rg m c a c n ,l.8.V. 'l .? [bi f' ~.k y,gs, s-s n.

• .ep.

f .J. [ M 5 + e.r www. <,. ~ e, e : +s y3, Q " s ~~ - y 4 WQ,m,ngQlf / 1-(i .,? p. .w ~. .-'k...-I ,f "9, , ',N. g.

• wQ" %.

M . t ji$ ~. -,' , vD e- ,. L' - 4 '? - a ~ '. 'G .,. ;, o. ',*,, .4J,].+ F-

a

,mz a n y _y n O d'; i k 4 n.'s A-m. .c.+w . -e m... s e%p 4y .q y b _,- -g 4 s .y, y. - [ . ;o 3 - .o}. -- x., e y.. ' 4' 4 2 y

v ya2>

,3 y, .:v.- C;3 & Q f%y. .-t.. p., -. p., .r, G.h th Q' k. .+, e

• ; [S

.n c :., - ;ri.u.. A V~. ~ ' f,,1., ' f,#. e t T.> ..s - A". r- :i ' ". 6 4. S ,.,,K, ;L M' A,s. ,le

i..

p. .yi .m, 3 >

+

*

,a, ya- ,) y *p> 4P.x,, 2. A ; f.- r.*p ?'-y, -? s.: u - .a.a n ; v:,- _ ,3 ,t- ~ y K- .v4 / $ 9< k.. ?. 2 S. ^

• %*" ' f ~ s }..

a ~ .m . f A$ $. . ; s.- c r h u', ~ _ h *k, j u ) .N k *g , 'k C _ ; g.t-'M

• Ma ta q%4

- c .' 6, r .s,- 2 - . y(; / _ 7..?W * ; j F* p - ~..r, -'.y L - m.Q b qv %.c. 3 4w w% c n. o- . ' X Ay. s a,',%, - u. n -3 4.. . ;- -..~. s

• . t m

. m]Ap.pg%g* 4, ',*^ /(.f- ,t,. 1,.," '" ] J l' s

• >e!

., < " j ~ , n.,.m.. 1 4 , -. y, ,, ~ .e . s S y ~ , j; *be% i. .lv h e-m. Q* M 1 4 6-t. 4

yi g

9 D4 5 e a .p.

• w.s.sc % g i

r x . n ~. .m j \\ 4 N a ' j' ' 4 b Y 0-<

4 p.f O,y Q p

4 .. O -A ..u y,, p . ' " ' p'" ,je,,. g

• ~
• g e

p (

g.

g, s 6 7 a s gdypj J.m[.3.k; .e Q4,, -, 7..;.. g,1gp % *, y, 4 4 .np p ,n . m ', rt.. .y. e. .v, (t.? h . / p-.g y fag -i ;,[, - '[ ' - g . Ay 9,4 n,7 * - - g*. 7 "4 ( \\ x. w. + n',o .e w a n ., g a w,- s,,;,.. f.- >x. w M w 1 V m. m +r ,.v... ~s m% e,,z#.pg. % n ,m 3,. ,n h-n.; - ~ ~ e u. u w a s _' ;.-.. i

V.,s. r,m.

a c- ,g-s 8; ty nq e(. v4 ', L % :.( my mys p ' ~. g q q q,: c, y;q.y;; 5 % > 'y gg;c ~3q g 3. p :g y y. ,g y.; y- - s..ggy 2 Q \\ [m - '? c\\n, P h[ .. )l, o. m. ~ a+. p.*... ,'N ;q: M* %.J %,g.y)Ohu . 45.} ']u. . ~.. ET

.( '

f. 3 1, E - 1 i., Q< Q ,0.<Q4 A-4 6 t4 A.. += \\ > /f., p k. y J'.; *y a t. 4 \\

• s'

'7K. : n ..e4 nw *,%WWA, 4-c..w. N,p,.cg r ;-' s.P J.; , ^^ m m1 ~. y~. y 7, + Q' ~!. k 'n~~*'>., J@/ ;. f 4-J 4 . ' :p'4 y ^. wn'y,,.p; g m %, q;.,nk m a s.": z.s.y@%',;, 4,Je*+f'.,}qbm; y-, Q . w. Y. s +,'%} - 3

• 4'.**

p}1ph,4

• 4 **.

ys R hV

• ':7"

. - *j*sn . f,. .} 4. 4.% m., . - - w{ n' D 0 f g >1-t %.4 % > M'tv h, &;t a;*"Ng & tf & f'g y,. My'( *y y., .,s. y. u .<A- ,N . p1 7W5 4 .g g %.3 p4 ?M @?dO &_ J_ ^.f Qg' ?' 1f 1 s. A r' g p< C' W'; ,.$ &f' . g.

u..

._.. ~.. ,T ~ .-=m w M % L Y .. N.. _:c. m,o. i. y.g% r.,_ ~_y5.w ln A Q2.$o-WNi?.%%r% =4, 4.. - s em.. ,. e

1. .s y

L 'y.m 97.v v 'qv9%,. M n 9,,cMf W.g m.p 4- .weg 3'[ -f . ; f( ] if . g py - .y-Ayp..w;,y q; p;M . w 3..~.r 3 x , m.,q ..g, Ag o. x ., e,m.~.,. m .".s mf w%g, ..L y x g, 4 3 e-s s +' Another cf the NCEP criterian change was the allowable thyroid dose ~ v._.g n 1 occupational workers.. As the repo" Exhibit S of the appl'icanth states $ yk g(Y.{&qMIl m ]c in paragraph 201, page 76-77, g. r. .c 3^ ?.. ....nn .w q "The thyroid ' gland is most distinctly the limitin; or;an in@wg,QiQ ~ 9, ' ' - cases of uptake of, the various radionneHama of iodine.. Because 'of f the z 1 .large use of radiciodine for various ' studies, and because' iodine may be an'1R IJd 9

• -important radionuclide in nuclear energy activities, both civilian and ~

@kW cilitary, it is possible that the thyroid scy receive N1ativaly large ~ (DM dosos. Irradiation of children also calls for special consideration of." NMR this gland." n n.1.3.kdf, ...f ,n. m .= mMy \\ ys 3.m' ;q7$@y:qtyg As Dr Stem 3 ass pointed, out in r. ;m,,. eference to studies con &a,wg f , in.; n, 1 r q ducted in the ic 1 Nevada area after nuclear weapons testing, ' jQd M:%;g'. i . mfd .'N p d. $ r "By hindsight Dr., Ralph Lapp was able to calculate that infante ??M @ in that arua as ~a result of drinking the milk and other possible i sources nay have 'and probably had accumulated as much as 10 to 30. "M)MQ ? rads to their thyroids as a result of the tondency of iodine to " ~ reconcontrate in tho human thyroid. He pointed out that therefore # : 9 Eye we should examine whether or not increases (n various types of Qn@kM$ diseases had taken place and he, specifically mentiened,Em 3 thyroid' ~ cancer.", (Tr 13h9) 3,A - - >'M T

x. m ;;,.wm a. y@nbyWW ~ e

, - ~. s. . ; x.wp, ., ; 4.w y.., ;w, .- e my;gq w y .n r r t And as paragsph_115 of the ECRP ~Besort no.L39 statos .,yQW Ms. C. l t a.;,J,;g.Z ;2 e % @y y"Experimenthl' evidence in animals indicates'i. hat other neopla J cay be induced by whole'or partial body irradiation, but very little iM,.qhg,9p such evidence has been 'seen in studios of exposed human beinl;s. Only 5 i TM[d@ W i in tha case of thyroid tumors is the evidence mo:e then suggestive. h? 'Recent. studies.of the Marshallese have shown the thyroid to be probably PW more sensitive;than previculy considered.". 4 3. wg:h~,,gQ' sa.

m. m

,o p.n- -. e w.: Thechangein'MCRhs, guidelines, for this emporun.~reflecta 'al gaantity%.M .g ,[ k s. s,, ...t..s M,ie @ w. ~ 4 z. .. u [s ~ M that is one-half thofexposam allowed to waoh this or,;an in 20.101;ofM.6@@MWAm gg .3 mg

y L,,-

73 gng%y;4.gsk + - 10 C F R. ; The. new ICRP, m. ooner ' ation ion _ ,a m M. 3 ..s," 5 ~ t, ; e.~-.4 a.;ew $.. g. ;N v -.h ~,, 5. 4 ej p} - "The maximum p8rmish. e dose equivalent' for combined extemal and((.. g! internalirradiation of at tissue, organ or organ sys_ ten not othewisegg sin tied out in the other x cumendations shall be 15 rems in anypnejggg .{

" ~ t ' year.e $CRP Report no.

,M f' J* ,FQ Y orhans iricluding the. thyroid" $CRP. Report ny3%j

v e,

< r' ,, a. w.g y .a ~ "16l rems for all'othe. >, l i.; -p.g e ( 3; w .~:- '7, yj 9...

• W 4The occupatioNalikin d N o crit 4Y1o,

for SMa d -4 g,1,3;, 4,j g,, w g g,gopg7~se g g g . nn ,,a n n 20.101'of 10 CiR lisEhnm,f individual.to radiation in restriga gg .' +7 o ~ ~ n wa u e .n. mw .for' skin ofdh61e'ildd/..tioIe 73 roas per[ calendar; quarter;or 30 rassyrpQ,g. i 1., ~ y.+_$.fy % !n, ~ : ~F $,.Y. &a.. %Q.,Q h &. ,[h. Q Q.fQ.3 u %. f N ~i Q. y l_L& i.{.,: ' 19&EQk$}m L-54d .l fg % _ n w J$ Q&j,'). hhWC? kyf. m ~ 0:S .flWi ]G.O Wy ... _. 1, _ - ~n

m.,;

&W - - + + ~ ~ ~ ~ *'" -}}