ML19309C539
| ML19309C539 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Three Mile Island  |
| Issue date: | 05/01/1967 |
| From: | JERSEY CENTRAL POWER & LIGHT CO., METROPOLITAN EDISON CO. |
| To: | |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8004080730 | |
| Download: ML19309C539 (52) | |
Text
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TABLE OF CONTENTS O Section Page 2 SITE AND ENVIRO?.NENT 2-1 2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION 2-1 2.2 LOCATION, POPULATIOl', AND LAND-USE 2-1 ,
2.2.1- LOCATION
- 2-1
- 2. 2.2 - POPULATION 2-2 2.2.3- LAND USE 2-2 23 METEOROLOGY 2-3 2.3.1 SU!GfARY 2-3 2.3.2 SEVERE WEATHER 2-h 2 3.3 AVERAGE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION 2-h 2.3.4 ATMCSPHERIC DIFFUSION FOR ASSESSING ACCIDENTS 2-7 2.4 HYDROLOGY AND GROUNDWATER 2-8 2.h.1 CHARACTEPISTICS OF STREAMS IN VICINITY 2-8 2.4.2 OTHER POWER PROJECTS IN VICINITY 2-9 2.h.3 LOW FLOW STUDIES 2-10 2.h.4 FLOOD FLCW STUDIES 2-11 2.k.5 DESIGN OF PROPOSED HYDRAULIC FACILITIES 2-12 1 2.h.6 GROUNDWATER 2-1h 25 GEOLOGY 2-14 2.6 SEISMICITY 2-15 2.6.1 SEISMICITY P-15 2.6.2 RESPONSE SPECTRA ' 2-15
2.7 REFERENCES
2-16 m
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2-1 (7-21-67)
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O LIST OF TABLIS Table No. Title Page 2-1 Typical Industries in Region 2-17 2-2 Tornadoes Within 25 Miles of Three Mile Island 2-21 2-3 Definition of stability conditions (7) 2-22 2k Atmospheric Dispersion Factors For Accident Analysis 2-24 i
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LIST OF FIGURES O
Figure No. Title 2-1 General Area Map 2-2 Site Topography 5 Mile Radius 2-3 Plot Plan and Local Area Photo 2-4 Counties Within a 20 Mile Radius 2-5 Population Distribution 2-6 Land Use Within a 10 Mile Radius 2-7 Average Annual (X-Q) Isopleths 2-8 Wind Roses 2-9 Wind Persistence and Atmospheric Stability Roses 2-10 Wind Persistence Probability 2-11 Reservoirs and lakes Within a 50 Mile Radius 2-12 Data en Reservoirs and Iakes Within a 50 Mile Radius 2-13 Other Water Supplies Within a 20 Mile Radius 2-14 Data on Other Water Supplies Within a 20 Mile Radina 2-15 Susquehanna River Water quality at Harrisburg 2-16 SusquehAnna River Water c .cality at Marietta and Columbia 2-17 Susquehanna River at Earrisburg, Pa. Discharge Duration. Curve-2-18 Susquehanna River it Harrisburg, Pa. Mean Monthly /
Flav Summary 2-19 Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa. Min 4=m Daily Flow Duratic:t Summary 2-20 Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa. Flood Frequency Curve 2-21 -
Susquehanna River Estimated Water Surface Versys Floed Flavs 2-22 Susquehanna River Recorded Water Surface Versus Flood A Flevs 1 V 2-23 Susquehanna River Flood Stage Discharge Curves 0,. 000 66 J, 2-111 i
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2 SITE AND ENVIRON!EIT 2.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION Data are presented in thi,s section as a basis for the selection of design criteria for the Three Mile Island Nuclear Station, and to detemine the adequacy of concepts for controlling routine and accidental release of radioactive effluents to the environment. A series of studies (geology, seismology, hydrology, meteorology, population, and land use) have been conducted.
The site is located in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, approximately 10 miles southeast of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. The station site is located on an island approximately three miles long situated in the Susquehanna River above the York Haven dam. 1 (Deleted Amend. 1)
This Preliminar/ Safety Analysis Report covers one unit of 8h5 MWe and no analysis has been included for any contemplated additional generating unit because the characteristics of that unit are unknown.
The minimum exclusion radius around the site will be 2000 feet. The l boundary of the low population zone lies at a 2-mile radius around the site.
There are nine population centers within a h0 mile radius of the site. Har-risburg, Pennsylvania, with a 1960 pcpulation of 79,697 is located 10 miles northwest of the site.
^
The structures will be founded on normal sedimentary rocks of the Gettysburg shale, and a wealth of experience is available in designing and construction heavy structures on similar foundations. Foundations will be designed in accordance with the considerations discussed in the report on Engineering Geology and Foundation Considerations attached as Appendix 2A.
2.2 LOCATION, POPULATION, AND LAND USE 2.2.1 LOCATION l
l The Three Mile Island Nuclear Station is located on Three Mile Island in the l Susquehanna River about 10 miles SE of Harrisburg, Pa. It is in Londonderry Township of Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, about 2-1/2 miles north of the southern tip of Dauphin County, where Dauphin is coteminal with York and Lancaster counties. Its location with respect to regional togographic and cultural features is shown on Fig 2-1 and with respect to local features on l
Fig. 2-2. Fig. 2-3 is an aerial photo of the site shewing the approximate location of the plant buildf ngs, cooling tower, and the character of l the immediate surroundings. l1 1
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A p^' p 2-1 (7-21-67) .
0000 367
Metropolitan Edison Company owns Three Mile Island and Shelly Island to the west of it, except several acres on the southern tip of Shelley Island. The exclusion area is taken to be Three Mile Island, the river surface around it, and a small piece of Shelley Island which is within a 2,000 ft. radius of the containment. (See Fig. 2-3.) Thus, the minimum exclusion distance is 2,000 ft.
2.2.2 POPULATION Figure 2 h shows the location e.nd size of population centers of over 2,000 population within 10 miles of the site and of over 10,000 within 50 miles. It also shows the location of counties. Figure 2-5 shows estimates of present (1%7) and projected (lgr77 and 1987) population in 16 directional sectors for radii of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 miles around the site center.
The nearest residence outside of the exclusion area is about 2200 feet aast of the containment bu lding. There are some su==er cottages on Three Mile Island and a few within a 2,00C ft. radius on Shelley Island to the west, but these will not be occupied after the plant commences operation. Population within a one-mile radius is estimated to be about 650 people (Fig. 2-5). The nearest population center with more than 25,000 people is Harrisburg, about 10 miles NV.
Middletown, with a population of approximately 12,000 is three miles north (Fig. 2 h).
Based on the population distribution indicated above, the low population zone is taken to be within a two-mile radius of the site center, with a total 1%7 population of about 23CO.
2.2 3 LAND USE O
Land within a ten mile radius of the site is used primarily for farming, as is shown on Fig. 2-6. Farm produce includes dairy, tobacco, poultry, vegetable, fruit, alfalfa, corn, wheat,and other products.
i A sew y of land use for Dauphin County, in which ute site lies, and for the l
two other nearest counties (York and Lancaster) is as follows:
T,of Land Used l Use Dauphin York Lancaster Forest and scodland 45.2 22.6 13 7 Crops 31 9 49.8 62 5 Pasture 4.8 10.1 9.4 Urban 8.6 6.5 7.8
'4ater area 0.6 0.4 0.4 Federal 0.2 0.2 0.1 Other 8.7 10.4 6.1 2-2 c
0000 M 4
The location of these counties is shown on Fig. 2 h. Typical industries in the site region are listed in Table 2-1. The predominent industrial areas are around Harrisburg and Mif.dletown, up-river fran the site.
Transportation routes in the site vicinity on the east bank of the river include State Highway khl, a two-lane black top road passing north and south about one-third mile frca the site and a Pennsylvania Railroad one-track line adjacent-and parallel to this highway. On the west bank there is a multitrack Pennsylvania Railroad line at the river's edge about 1-1/4 miles west of the site and a black top, two lane road parallel to it. There is no cccmercial water transportation on the river adjacent to the site. The river is transected by the York Haven dam just south of the site, which does not have locks. There are aircraft movements into and out of Olmsted Air Force Base on the north bank of the river 2-1/2 miles NW of the site with a single runway bearing 310 . There are also aircraft movements in and out of Harrisburg-York State Airport about eight miles WNW of the site.
23 METEOROLOGY 231 SUNMARY Meteorology in the site region has been evaluated to provide a basis for storm protection criteria and a preliminary assessment of routine or accidental radio-active gas release at the site.
Severe weather is described in Section 2 3 2. Estimates of average 1cng ters
/)> atmospheric dispersion characteristics are summarized in Fig. 2-7 and discussed in Section 2 3.3 Estimates of dispersion conditions assumed for accident analyris are summarized in Table 2-h and their derivation described in Section 2 3.4.
Ike site regica has a continental-type climate, modified and protected somewhat fran more severe weather by the Appalachian Mountain ridge to tne north.
Summers tend to be warm and humid, and winters are cool, with frequent periods of precipitation. A wind rose for Olmsted Air Force Base and Harrisburg-York State Airport, respectively about 2-1/h and 8 miles NW of the site, are shown in Fig. 2-8 for a five-year period of hourly records (1959 thru 1963). A precipitation wind rose for Olmsted is also given in Fig. 2-8. A stability wind rose for Olmsted and Harrisburg airports and a rose of longest wind persistence for Olmsted is given in Fig. 2-9 The probability of wind direction persistences of various durations is shown in Fig. 2-10 for Olmsted.
Wind velocity distribution and atmospheric stability conditions at these airports and at the site (all in the Susquehanna River valley) are influenced by local factors. But, although local terrain and other local factors are influential, differences between wind roses for Olmsted and Harrisburg airports (cnly 5 miles apart) may be exaggerated by differences in instrument locations and observation practices. For example, the percent calms at Olmsted (for 1959 thru 1963) is higher than would be expected frcm examination of data at Harrisburg Airport and also is about 40% higher than that reported for Ol=sted for the period 1939 to 1955
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Final detemination of diffusion characteristics at the site will be supported by onsite measurements to determine wind speed and direction and stability h conditions. Onsite measurements will start during the summer of 1967.
2 3.2 SEVERE WEATHER In more than seventy-five years of record at the Harrisburgh-York State Airport and at the Weather Bureau offices in Harrisburg, the highest and lowest temperatures recorded were 104 and -140F. Maximum =enthly rainfall was 9 07 inches; max 1=um 24-hour rainfall 4.36 inches, and maximum 24-hour snowf all 21.0 inches. Maximum snow accumulation was 81 3 inches.
During the 92-year period 1871 through 1963, thirty-three hurricane or tropical storm center paths passed within about 100 miles of the site. Most of these were in dissipation stages. Thie most severe was " Hazel'," the cente~r of which passed just west of Harrisburg on October 15, 1954 A peak gust of 80 miles per hour was recorded at the Harrisburgh-York State Airport during the passage of " Hazel."
Duringathe within 25-mile48-year period radius from of the 1917 plant thru d site. 1967They
) twenty tornadoes were reported are listed in Table 2-2.
During this same period, three were reported within ten miles and none within five miles of the site. Based on these observations the probability of a tornado occurring within a 25-mile radius would be about 0.4 per year.
However, during the 10-year period 1953 through 1962 the frequency was about 0.7 per year. The higher frequency in the later period probably reflects an i=provement in observations rather than a real increase.
j Based on studies by the Weather Bureau, (2) wind speeds 30 feet above site grade are expected to exceed 78 mph'once in 100 years. As used here, wind speed is taken as the average speed during the passage of one linear mile of air past the wind instrument. Taking account of }hp relationship of maximum wind speeds, as defined above, the short-tem gusts, (31 it is not expected that gusts will exceed 103 mph at the site more than once in 100 years. - The fastest mile wind during 27 years of record at Harrisburg was 68 mph from the west in March,1955 233 AVERAGE ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION Routine releases of radioactive gases will be made intermittently from a vent near the top of the containment structure.
Atmospheric dispersion of these gases may be described as follows:b)
X/Q= 1 _
exp (-1/2 h , y2 ) (1)
Twy w z " wz 2 ey 2
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y 24 0000 070 l
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where d X =concentrationatgroundlevel(units /m) 3 Q. = release rate (units /sec).
U = mean wind speed (m/sec).
cy andcy = respectively, the lateral and vertical y : dispersion coefficients (m) which are a function of atmospheric stability and of the distance from the source, x, along the plume centerline.
y = lateral distance frem plume centerline (m).
h = height of release point (m)
Values of X/Q averaged over long time periods and for various distanegs a directions from the source can be determined by integrating equation (1) nd with respect to y to yield:
X " 2 0.Olf (2) q ,y, 7 g assuming h = 0 and
_ _ z where all symbols are the same as for equation (1) except:
f = wind direction occurrence in the sector of interest ('fe/ radian) x^ = distance along the plume centerline frcm
, the scurce (m)
To find (X/Q) as a function of x for a given 22-1/20 sector, equation (2)maybemodifiedasfollowssoastosumdiscretevaluesof(X/Q) for all stability conditicas. Thus:
X i=G f q
" 2, [ 8_) [1}
, , 1 (3)
- av. 7 D
\ /
i*1 "7
\ / i=A i :1 where (8/TP) = number of 22 5 sectors per radian, f
i = fraction of0 total observations that winds occur in the 22-1/2 sector of interest with a given stability condition.
1 (subscript) refers to a given stability condition.
A* * *G = stability conditions as described in Table 2-3 For assumed ground level releases (1.e., b = o) equation (3).can be modified to account for the aerodynamic effect of buildings near the point of release by adding a distance (x' meters) to the actual source distance'(x) such that the virtual distance (x') for given atmospheric stability c'onditions corres-ponds to a value of O' C" determined by the following rela'tionship:
y :
C y ( r " A/ 2 77' / (4) yz i .
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- si j e g_g
[O I A
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where A is the vertical plane cross section of influential buildings. This is based on an assumed approximation to the effect that releases at the building will be spread by the building wake so that a vertical cross sectional area of the plume at the building is a half ellipse with its base on the ground, with semi diameters of 26 and 26, and with an area equal to the vertical cross sectional area of influen$1al buildings.
Using the relationships in equation (3) and existing weather records, average usi.g annual a computer values code (were5).
of (X/Q) estimated Values of utas
, a7 function
=1
, and fyof direction for and distance each stability class and wind direction were derived from five years of hourly records (1959 through 1963) at Olmsted Air Force Base. The stability class for each hour was detemined by the methods as a functioninofTable summarized vind 2-3 speed, whichsolar angle,and are based cloud on work by condition;M Pasquill and Turner (7).
l Tiasafunctionofxandstabilityclasswasbasedontherelationships sumarized by Gifford. (4) Average annual values of fi are shown graphically on Fig. 2-9 and average seasonal and annual values on which f1 and tri are based, are shown in the tables in Appendix 23 for both Olmsted and Harrisburg airports.
In estimating the atmospheric dispersion capacity of the site the computer out-I put for average (X/Q) values was modified to reflect the following situations:
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- a. To account for changes in valley alignment, the Olmsted wind rose was rotated 45 to the right to approximate the site wind rose. The valley at the site is aligned N and S whereas at Olmsted it is aligned about W and SE.
- b. To account for possible channeling of wind direction in the '
valley the frequency of the wind direction occurrence frem '
the NNW at the site was assumed to be equal to the total r frequency in that sector plus that from the two adja_ent j sectors. These three sectors represent the highest three sector frequency of occurence at the site.
- c. To account for restriction of horizontal dispersion by elevated terrain around the valley, downwind horizontal dispersion with the winds from the NW (plus the two adjacent sectors) was assumed to be limited by channeling within the valley walls.
- d. To account for the effect of inversions aloft, vertical j dispersion was assu=ed to be limited 50% of the time during i neutral stability conditions by an inversion at 400 ft. above the river (the approximate height of the ridge tops surrounding the valley).
- e. To account for building wake effect, a virtual source distance of 300 m was assumed as being representative of average annual conditions.
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Usingmethodsdescribedabove,isoplethsofaverageannual(X/Q)werederived.
They are shown with respect to the local area around the site on Fig. 2-7 As can be seen estimated from the ground levelfigure the nearest average uncontrolled annual dispersion landof factor area would about 10- have ag sec/m.
Estimates made using other assumptions give about the same results.
2 3.4 ATMOSPHERIC DIFFUSION FOR ASSESSI2iG ACCIDENTS Esti=ates of the nature of diffusion conditions at the site have been made to provide a basis for assessing radiation exposure during the course of the accidents analyzed in Section 14, including the maximum hypothetical accident.
These estimates are given in Table 2 4. They were selected as follows:
For the first 12 hours1.388889e-4 days <br />0.00333 hours <br />1.984127e-5 weeks <br />4.566e-6 months <br /> it is assumed the vind direction is absolutely invariant andistowardthenearestexclusionboundaryat1.0m/sec.speedunder"F" type i stability conditions. ValuesofX/Qasafunctionofdistancewereestimated l using equation (1). 'Ihey were assumed to be those at ground level at the !
plume centerline (i.e., y = 0) assuming a ground level release (i.e., h = 0) and a virtual source distance (x') of 600 meters. The virtual source distance was taken as less than that which would be found by eq ation (4) using the-approximate containment cross section (i.e. A = 1890 m ) and neglecting the effect of other buildings.
For the next 156 hours0.00181 days <br />0.0433 hours <br />2.579365e-4 weeks <br />5.9358e-5 months <br /> (i.e. up to a total of 168 hours0.00194 days <br />0.0467 hours <br />2.777778e-4 weeks <br />6.3924e-5 months <br />, or one week) it is assumed that the wind direction is in the same sector as.for the first twelve hours b.ut that "D" stability with 4 m/sec winds occurs half the time and "F" stability with 1 m/see winds occurs the other half. ValuesofX/qwere b estimated as for the first twelve hours except that the wind direction was averaged over the sector and the virtual source distance was taken as 300 meters (that applicable to neutral conditions). As indicated in Figure 2-10 it could be expected that one sector wind direction persistences of 168 hours0.00194 days <br />0.0467 hours <br />2.777778e-4 weeks <br />6.3924e-5 months <br /> would occur much less frequently than 0.01 percent of total hours. Such persistence with only "C" and "D" stability and toward the nearest exclusion boundary would be even more rare.
Winds for the next 24 days were assumed to blow about 50% of the time in the same sector as for the first week with about 5% of that time being "C" stability with 2 m/sec viads, 33% "D" stability and h m/see and 12% "F" stab-ilityand2m/s. Values of X/Q were estimated in the same way as for the 156 hour0.00181 days <br />0.0433 hours <br />2.579365e-4 weeks <br />5.9358e-5 months <br /> period. These conditions were selected from the Olmsted AFB records (summarized in Appendix 23) as follows:
- a. The season of poorest diffusion conditions (September, October, November ) at Olmsted A'ir Force Base was selected at a base. .
- b. To represent the critical sector, vind direction frequency from W, WIN, and IN (at Olmsted) representing the three coterminus sectors with highest frequency of occurrence, plus a weighted fraction of calms were summed and assumed to all blow from one sector. Restricticns on lateral and vertical diffusion were assumed as in Section 2 3 3 These critical sector winds were assumed to blow toward the nearest
- exclusion boundary.
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- c. Stability distributions for this season and these sectors were
=odified by assuming all A, 3 and C conditions to be C, and all .
E, F and G to be F.
- d. The frequency of wind direction occurrence as in b., above, was multiplied by 1 5 2.4 HYDROLOGY AND GROUNDWATER 2.4.1 CHARACTERISTICS OF STREAMS IN VICINITY The major stream affecting the site is the Susquehanna River, having a drainage area at the site of approximately 25,000 square miles. The Susquehanna has a total drainage area of 27,400 square miles, of which 21,000 lies within the State of Pennsylvania. This constitutes approximately 46 per cent of the total area of the state, embracing all of 21 and a portion of 22 other counties..
Approximately 6200 square miles of the drainage area is in New York State and 200 square miles in western Maryland.
The drainage basin lies in the three main topographic divisions of Pennsylvania:
the northern portion of the Allegheny Plateau; the central portion of the Allegheny Mountains; and the ~,.awer portion of the rolling Piedmont Plateau.
The main tributaries in the vicinity of the site are the following:
Stream Drainage Area Average Flow Conodoguinet Creek 483 sq mi 1.20 c.f.s.m. &
Yellow Breeches Creek 227 1.26 W/
Swatara Creek 567 1.66 ConewagoCreek(East) 52 -
Conevago Creek (West) 510 1.10 The Juniata River enters the Susquehanna River about 25 miles upstream from the site. Its drainage area is about 3426 square miles and its average flow is 1.26 c.f.s.m.
The plant site on Three Mile Island is located approximately 11 river miles downstream frca Harrisburg gaging station, which has a continuous period of record since 1890. The drainage area of the Susquehanna River at the Harrisburg gage is 24,100 square miles. The average river flow per square mile at Harrisburg is 1.kl c.f.s.m. All the data for the Harrisburg gage are assumed to be applicable to the site, which has an estimated drainage area of 25,000 square miles.
The Susquehanna River is rather extreme in its flow characteristics, as is evident in the following su= mary of recorded data at Harrisburg:
Minimum daily flow 1,700 cfs Average annual discharge 34,0cc cfs Average runoff per square mile 1.41 cfsm Mean annual flood 300,000 cfs Maximum flood of record (1936) 740,000 cfs O
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,.3 0000 074
The present uses of the streams in the vicinity are for water supply, both public and industrial, power generation, boating, fiching, and recreation.
Agricultural use of the streams in the vicinity is limited, and irrigation is not videly used. Sport fishing is done in all streams in the general area of the site; however, commercial fishing is not practiced in the area.
Figure 2-11 shows the location of lakes and reservoirs within a 50-mile radius of the site. Figure 2-12 lists a tabulation of all known cata for these lakes and reservoirs.
Figure 2-13 shows the location of major water supplico within a 20-mile radius of the site, which take water frem streams in the vicinity, or from wells.
Figure 2-14 lists all known data for these water supply systems.
No large dams or reservoirs exist immediately upstream from the site, nor are there any proposed at the present time. The Corps of Engineers is proposing a new dam for flood control on the Raystown Branch of the Juniata River. The project vill also be used for low-flow augmentation and for recreation. Data from the Corps indicate that the project, as it is presently planned would reduce the stage of a repetition of the flood of record (March,1936) by approximately two feet at Harrisburg. For lov flow control the project vill increase dependable flow at the Raystevn dam site to k80 cfs. This benefit vill also be felt at the plant site.
Figure 2-15 and 2-16 show data on water quality and temperature for the Susque-hanna River gathered by the Pennsylvania Department of Health for Harrisburg, Marietta, and Columbia from 1962 to 1966.
2.k.2 OTHER POWER PROJECTS IN VICINITY Other power 1:.atallations exist in the vicinity of de site, primarily downw stream from the project. The only station in the immediate upstream vicinity of the project is Crawford Station, owned and operated by Metropolitan Edison Company. Crawford is located about three miles upstream from the site on the east bank of the Susquehanna River, immediately south of Olmsted Air Force Base, which is presently being phased-out as a military installation. Crawford Station is expected to be phased-out in 1971.
Immediately downstream from the site is the York Haven hydroelectric project, consisting of a main dam approximately 10 feet in height, extending about h,970 feet across the main river channel to Three Mile Island; a secondary dam, about 8 feet high, extending 950 feet across the east channel of the riveri a pool extending approximately 3-1/2 miles upstream fra the dams , containing about 8,000 acre-feet of volume; and a head race vall about 20 feet in height extending fra the west end of the main dam approximately 3000 feet to the powerhouse, which contains 20 units generating a total capacity of about 20,000 kv.
The rather small reservoir fomed by the York Haven Dam is the principal source of recreation use of the river at the site. Sports fishing is done along the
- ,
- ryser, but the primary use of the reservoir is for pleasure boating.
The immediate downstream vater allocation on a first-priority basis is for the International Paper Ccmpany located adjacent to the York Haven Station which is entitled to the first 3000 hp of water power at the site.
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l The York Haven Station is operating on a run-of-the-river basis, and its power output is dependent upon system demand and the water available to meet the demand. h The reservoir is used for peaking ;eration during periods of low ri.ver flow.
Under the peaking conditions the drawdown of the pool is 1.1 feet maximue, rhich provides about 20,000 kwh for use in peak load periods.
Brunner Island Station, c large steam-electric generating plant owned by Pennsylvania Power and Light Company, is located on the Susquehanna River approximately one mile downstream from York Haven Powerhouse. This station -
uses water from the river on a ruI-through basis for cooling water. York Haven Station maintains a minimum flow in the river of 1,000 cfs for Br.uiner Island.
WP-n the International Paper Company is generating power, the discharge is usually sunicient to satisfy the requirements for Brunner Island Station.
Three other hydroelectric generating stations are ic,cated downstream from the project. Each project has a dam and reservoir on the Susquehanna River. The three stations are the Safe Harbor, Holtwood, and the Conewingo Hydroelectric projects, located approximately 25, 31,and 47 miles south of Three Mile Island, respectively. The Muddy Run pumped storage project is associated with Conewingo Station. The Peach Bottom nuclear generating station is located along the Susquehanna River, just north of the Maryland-Pennsylvania border.
2.4 3 LOW FLOW STUDIES Low flow studies of the Susquehanna River were ccnducted using data from the Harrisburg and Marietta gaging station, as recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey.
The Harrisburg gage has a continuous period of record since 1890, and Marietta m ',
since 1931. W Figure 2-17 shows a flow-duration curve for the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, based upon daily flow data. The minimum flow of 1600 cfs occurred on November 29, 1930 as a result of a freeze-up of the river. The minimum daily discharge since the construction of a sanitary dam downstream frca the water filtration plant was 1,700 cfs on September 28, 196h. Average yearly discharge at Harrisburg is 34,000 efs.- The following tabulation summarizes the per cent of time the flow is equal to or less than that indicated:
l Flow in efs Per Cent of Time t
2,000 1 3,000 2 4,000 4 5,000 6 l 6,000 8 7,000 11 8,000 13 9,000 18
- 10,000 22 I
20,000 50 34,000 average flow 69
+
0
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O Figure 2-18 shows a minimum flow summary of mean monthly flows for the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg. The data show mean monthly flows by months for recurrence intervals of 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 years. The curves on Figure 2-18 were devel-oped by plotting mean monthly flow data for the period of record from 1890 to 1960. .These data were plotted on logarithmic probability paper to show discharge as a function of excecdance frequency. It win be noted on Figure 2-18 that characteristicaH y the low flows occur in the late summer and fall, and that the minimum mean monthly flow of record, in general, follows the 50-year curve.
Extrapolation of the individual monthly curves for August through December produces the following mean monthly flows for the recurrence interval of once in 100 years:
Month 100 Year Ausst 2200 cfs ,
September 2000 October 1800 November 2500 December 3000 A minimum flow duration summary is presented in Figure 2-19, which shows not only the min 4=n= daily flows, but also their probable frequency and duration. For !
example, a flow of 5,000 ets or less lasting for 90 consecutive days may be i expected to occur one in 5 years. It will also be noted that a minimum daily l
, flow of 2,000 cfs win be expected to occur once in 25 years, and this flow lasting for 20 consecutive days win occur once in 50 years.
2.4.4 FIDOD FLOW STUDIES 31nce the proposed site will be located on an island in the Susquehanna River, the floca conditions cf the river are prime importance in the planning of the project.
The Susquehanna River is the principal source of flooding in the Harrisburg area.
The large tributaries such as the Conodoguinet, Paxton, Yellow Breeches, and Swatara overflow their banks at times; however, the major cause of flooding is the Susquehanna.
An analysis of flood discharge - frequency relationship was made using data gathered by U.S. Geological Survey on past floods, dating back to 1786. The flood of record occurred on March 19, 1936 and, according to the U.S. Geological i Survey, is the highest known to have occurred since 1784 and probably the highest i since 1740 or an earlier date. The 1936 flood at Harrisburg was gaged at 740,000 cfs and resulted from a large scale snow melt over the entire ar u of Pennsylvania.
It is presumed that any flood of equal or greater magnitude would be the result of the same conditions, consisting of a large snow melt combined with general heavy spring rains. The blow-out of a tropical storm could probably not cover
, the entire 25,000 square mile drainage area with the intensity rainfall required
[ to produce a flood of such magnitude.
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Figure 2-20 shows the results of the flood-frequency analysis in a flood frequency curve for the Susquehanna River at Harrisburg. Flood design i data obtained fror ;he study are su=marized for the plant site as follows:
Frequency Flood Flow Flow per sq. mi. Jarvis-Myer Years e fs efsm Coe fficient 5 375,000 15.0 2370 10 k30,000 17 2 2720 25 500,000 20.0 3160 50 550,000 22.0 3h80 100 610.000 24.h 3860 Flood of Record 750,000 30 .0 h7h0 1,000 760,000 30 .4 h800 Design 1,100,000 hh.0, 7000 All hydraulic design of plant inundation protection be based on the design 1 flood of 1,100,000 cfs , and adequate protection vill be provided with an ample margin of protection. No change in any upstream f1ced condition vill be caused by the presence of the generating station.
During the design flood the water surface vill be at El 3051 upstream of Three Mile Island. The water surfaces will drop rapidly across the reach of Three Mile Island. At the downstream end of Shelly Island and at the headwater of the East Channel Dam, the water surface vill be at El 2921 The water surface profile elevation r ong the reach of the plant site vill be between El. 297 and El. 301, as r in on Fig.1-11. 'Ihe dikes shown are for wave protection only, since plas grade is above water surface profiles.
Figure 2-21 presents the results of all known data producing water surface O>
elevations for flood flows in the Susquehanna River between Harrisburg and Marietta. The figures indicated on the curves , such as 68.8 for Harrisburg refer to the distance in miles to that location frcm the mouth of the river at Chesapeake Bay. Estimated water surface elevations for flood flows are shown on Figure 2-22 and 2-23 between Crawford Station and Brunner Island.
The curves for lower and upper Three Mile Island are based upon all adjacent station records , calculatione and the best correlations available, but are not based upon firm records for those particular locations. York Haven Station has recorded a maximum plant headwater elevation of 287.8 during the 1936 ficod, and also indicates that this flood covered all of Three Mile Island mept for the higher portions. The curves shown for Three Mile Island are based on the best information available at the present time.
2.h.5 DE3IGN OF PROPOSED HYDRAULIC FACILITIES Designs will be prepared for all structures associated with flood protection and circulating water facilities at the site including earth dikes , channels ,
and pressure conduits. The design criteria vill be conservative and vill be based en sound Civil Engineering practices. The strength parameters and other design characteristics of all foundations , and of the materials which vill be l used in constructing the proposed facilities will be deter =ined from compre-l hensive field and laboratorf testing programs. All facilities vill be con-1 structed, maintained, and inspected consistant with their design as integral
! parts of a nuclear station. The design of the proposed facilities vill be
- i. g l 2-12 (7-21-67) ?\
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Resources Board of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, where applicable.
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2.4.6 GROUNDWATER The site is located on an island in the Susquehanna River. The river flows generally north to south, drains an area of approximately 27,000 sq. mi. and empties into the Chesapeake Bay.
Groundwater at the site occurs under water table conditions in the granular alluvial deposits which constitute the island. Deep ground water in the under-lying Gettysburg shale occurs under both water table and artesian conditions.
The static level of groundwater on the island is controlled by the surrounding Susquehanna River which nor"1'y flows at elevation 277 ft, roughly 30 ft below the point of highest elevation on the island. A hydraulic gradient of 0.6% slopes toward the river frat points of m dm = elevation near the center of the island.
Based upon permeability determination made in the field, water discharged at the surface will rapidly infiltrate granular soils and enter the groundwater table.
The rata at which it will flow toward the river is problematical because it will vary with the seasonal fluctuations of river level. Regardless of the actual time required for water to =igrate from the center of the island to the river, the limits of migration will be the river itself.
Infiltratien of surface water from the proposed site to well supplies on either shore of the river will not occur under existing conditions, and should not occur under future conditions.
Appendix 2C contains a detailed report on Groundwater Hydrology.
2.5 GEOLOGY A total of 41 test borings and a seismic refraction survey, supplemented by field geology, photogeology, and a tectonic evaluation have been employed to determine and evaluate the suitability of the geology at the site to support a nuclear-powered generating station.
The island on which the site is located is basically composed of fluvially deposited sand and gravel of adequate density to support moderately heavy loads.
The underlying rock is a sedimentary sequence of interbedded sandstone, shaly siltstone, and shaly claystone which belongs to the Gettysburg For=ation of Triassic Age. Below the weathered surface, bedrock is capable of safely bearirg loads imposed by the heaviest structures.
Groundwater occurs abave the bedrock-soil interface and varies in response to fluctuating river levels. Foundation design will include the effect of such hydrostatic variations.
The site is not considered to be deleteriously affected by faulting and it is
! concluded that regional tectonic elements are inactive and present no threat to the structural integrit'y of local geology.
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l Without qualification, the site is considered to be geolog; : ally competent to safely support a* nuclear-cowered generating station.
Appendix 2A contains a detailed presentation of Engineerin6 Geology and Foundation Considerations.
2.6 SEISMOLOGY 2.6.1 SEISMICI'1T Historically, earthquakes in Pennsylvania have been infrequent and of low intensity. The resultant intensity at the site of past quakes greater than 50 miles distance was between III and IV. The bi6 hest recorded intensity within a 50 mile radius of the site was VI which was rapidly attenuated with distance from the epicenter. Assuming that the closest future earthquake activity would occur 5 to 6 miles north of the site at the Triassic Border Fault, which to this time has produced a maximum epicentral intensity of VI, the entensity would be attenuated to V at the site. If the focc1 depth is greater than the previous earthquakes, the intensity at the station site might approach the epicentral intensity and not be rapidly attenuated.
Therefore, based on intensity at the site to be a low intensity VI, a ground acceleratien of 0.0h6 should be expected, according to Figure h of Nuclear Reactors and Earthauakes TID 702h, United States Atcmic Energy Commission. With this site the design is conservatively based on a basic ground motion of 0.06g maximum.
/ 2.6.2 RESPONSE SPECTRA Response spectra for the design earthquake were developed using records from the March 1957 San Francisco earthquake cormalized to a basic ground motion of 0.06g. Data from this earthquake was recorded by an instrument located on rock in Golden Gate Park. The instrumented records provide valuable data on the attenuation of a moderate earthquake occurring a short distance from a recording station. These field conditions are considered to best approximate those at the Three Mile Is]and sia.
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2.7 REFERENCES
(1) U. S. Weather Bureau, Office of Climatology, Tornado Listings by Year, 1917-1965.
l (2) Them, H.C.S. , " Distributions of Extreme Winds ir. the United States",
A.S.C.E. Proceedings, April 1960.
(3) Huss,. P. O. , " Relation Between Gusts and Average Wind Speeds",
Daniel Guggenheim Airstrip Inst., Report No. 140, Akron, Ohio, 1946.
(4) Gifford, F. A. , " Consequences of Activity Release", Nuclear Safety, 2 (2), p. 57 (1960).
(5) Kim, Y. S. , "WINDIF - A Wind Diffusion Pregram for the CDC-3600 Computer", NUS Corporation, NUS-207, Washington, D. C. ,1964 (6) Pasquill, F. , " Estimation of the Dispersion of Windborne Material",
Meteorology Magazine p_0,0 (1063) pp. 33 h9, February 1961.
(7) Turner, D. B. , " Relationships Between 2h-Hour Mean Air Quality Measurements and 1.L.teorological Factors in Nashville, Tennessee",
l J. Air Pollution Control Association,11, (10), pp h83 h89, (October 1961).
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(. , TABLE 2-1 TYPICAL INDUSTRIES IN REGION 1 to 10-Milt Radius Company Product Town and Location DAUPHIN C(11NTY Crane Co. Heating Equipment Middletown, 3 miles N Bachman Shoes, Inc. Footwear Middletown, 3 miles N Rough Wear Clothing Co., Inc. Leather and Sheeplined Clothing Middletown, 3 miles N Netti Frocks, Inc. Dresses Middletown, 3 miles N Middletown Journal Newspapers Middletown, 3 miles N Barnet Printing Co. Letterpress Printing Middletown, 3 miles N Penbrook Confections, Inc. Confectionary Products Middletown, 3 miles N Engelhorn Packing Co. of Pa. Prepared Meat Products Royalton,2-1/2milesN g Givens Ceramic Shoppe Pottery Products Royalton, 2-1/2 miles N i
Press Dress and Uniform Co. Women's Outerwear Hummelstown, 8 miles N M Hesteco Manufacturing Co. , Inc. Children's Clothing Hummelstown, 8 miles N Garco Tool and Machine Co. Miscellaneous Machinery Hummelstown, 8 miles N Herpt Bros., Inc. Ready-Mexed Concrete Swatara Twp., 8 miles NNW Millard Lime and Stone Co. Muarals and Earths Swatara Twp. , 8 miles !!NW
, Dauphin Steel and Engineering Co.,Inc. Fabricated Structural Steel Swatara Twp., 8 miles NNW Culvert Division Republic Steel Corp. Sheet Metal Work Swatara Twp., 8 m W s N M Progressive Service Co. Special Dies and Tools Swatara Twp., 8 miles NNW Swift and Company Meat Packing (Slaughtering) Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Hershey Creamery Co. Ice Cream liarrisburg,10 miles NW Hygrade Food Products Corp. Prepared Meat Products Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Harrisburg Dairies, Inc. Fluid Milk Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Capital bakers Bakery liarrisburg,10 miles NW Matangos Candles Candy and Other Confectionary Products Harrisburg, 10 miles NW l
Harrisburg Coca-Cola Bottling Works Bottled and Canned Soft Drinks Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Lyon and Sons, H. H. Roasted and Concentrated Coffee Harrisburg, 10 miles NW O City Products Corp. Manufactured Ice Harrisburg, 10 miles NW
!""? Megs Macaront Co. Macaroni, Spaghetti, Vermicelli, Harrisburg, 10 miles NW O and Noodles O Cameron Dress Co. Apparel and Related Products Harrisburg, 10 miles NW
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Harrisburg Children's Dress Co. Girls', Children's and Infants' Dresses, Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Blouses Blough-Wagner Manufacturing Co. ,Inc. Girls', Children's and Infants' Outerwear Harrisburg, 10 miles NW
Company Products Town and Location DAUP!!IN COUNTY (CONT'D) liedley, Eva L. , Mrs. Curtains and Draperies !!arrisburg,10 miles NW Snyder, Inc., E. C. Lumber and Wood Products liarrisburg, 10 miles NW
, Capital Bedding Co., Inc. Mattresses and Bedsprings Harrisburg, 10 miles NW g Patriot-News Co. Printing, Publishing and Allied Products liarrisburg, 10 miles NW Central Publishing Ilouse Periodicals Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Stockpole Co. Books liarrisburg,10 miles NW Telegraph Press Book Printing Only Harrisburg, 10 miles NW McFarland Co. Miscellaneous Publishing liarrisburg, 10 miles NW Evangelica Press Letterpress Printing liarrisburg,10 miles NW Miller and Sons, Inc. Lithographic Printing Harrisburg, 10 miles NW liarrisburg Engraving Co. Photo Engraving IMrrisburg,10 miles NW liartzell and Davis Bookbindery Bookbinding J jfarrisburg, 10 miles NW Stricker Lino Shop Typesetting liarrisburg,10 miles NW Union Carbide Corp. Industrial Gases liarrisburg, 10 miles NW to Bowman Mell and Co. Pharmaceutical Preparations liarrisburg,10 miles NW g Smith Paint Products Paints, Varnishes, etc. liarrisburg, 10 miles NW Dauphin Shoe Co. Footwear IIarrisburg,.10 miles NW 1(arrisburg Building Units Co. Concrete Brick and Block Harrisburg, 10 miles NW A. O. Shade Concrete Products Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Pennsyl Supply, Inc. Ready-Mixed Concrete Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Pennsylvania Bronze Foundry Costings Harrisburg, 10 miles NW C. Frank Class Co. Fabricated Structural Steel liarrisburg, 10 miles NW Regal Products Mfg. Corp. Metal Doors. liarrisburg, 10 miles NW Harsco Corp. Fabricated Plate Work liarrisburg, 10 miles NW Emanuel and Eisenhour Sheet Metal Work Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Mikar, Manufacturing Co. Screw Machine Products Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Snyder and Son, Inc. Electroplating liarrisburg,10 miles NW Stanley Spring Works, Inc. Steel Springs Harrisburg, 10 mfles NW Ferry Co., Inc. Food-Products Machinery liarrisburg,10 miles NW Hickok Manufacturing Co. Printing-Trades Machinery Harrisburg, 10 miles NW liarrisburg Machine and Electric Miscellaneous Machinery Harrisburg, 10 miles NW Welding Co.
6 AMP, Inc. Current-Carrying Wiring Devices Ifarrisburg, 10 miles NW c Keystone Auto Hadiator Mfg., Inc. Bassenger Car Parts liarrisburg,10 miles NW O Thompson Ramo Wooldridge, Inc. Aircraft. Engines Harrisburg, 10 miles NW C Keystone Artificial Limb Co. Orthopedic Appliances Harrisburg,10 milt:s NW Monogram Stamp and Stencil Co. Marking Devices C; liarrisburg,10 miles NW CD- Deforest Neon Signs & Lighting Co.,Inc. Signs and Advertising Displays Harrisburg,10 miles NW LJ1 e e m
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'S DAUPHIN COUNTY (CONr'D)
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[Deborah Dress Co. , Inc. Dresses Steelton, 7 miles w Bethlehem Steel Co. Steel Works Steelton, 7 miles w Bethlehem Steel Co. Fabricated Plate Works Steelton, 7 miles NW CUMBERLAND COUNTY West Shore Pastry Shop, Inc. Bakery New Cumberland, 9 miles Ww John C. Herman and Co. Tobacco New Cumberland, 9 miles W w Coin Savers Die Cut Paper New Cumberland, 9 miles WNW Nu-Box Corp. Fiber Cans, Tubes, etc. New Cumberland, 9 miles W w D. H. Martson Printing Letterpress Printing New Cumberland, 9 miles W w Security Savings Systems, Inc. B,lankbooks New Cumberland, 9 miles Ww Tri-R-Shoe Co. Footwear New Cumberland, 9 miles WNW Sandnes Sons Miscellaneous Fabricated Wire Products New Cumberland, 9 miles W W g Berg Electronics, Inc. Current Carrying Wiring Devices New Cumberland, 9 miles Ww h YORK COUNTY Brockman Tool Co. Miscellaneous Machinery Newbury Twp., 3 miles W Conewago Roller Mills Animal Feed Newbury Twp., 3 miles W Cinderella Stationers Letterpress Printing Fairview Twp., 8 miles W Be Man Manufacturing, Inc. Electronic Components Fairview Twp., 8 miles W New Oxford Baby Shoe Co. Footwear Warrington Twp., 9 miles WSW Detter's Flour Mill Grain Mill Products Dover, 9 miles SW LeeRay Sportswear Co. Apparel Dover, 9 miles SW Lamparter's Sons Animal Fats and Oils Dover,,9 miles SW Barry Sportswear Co. Men's and Youth's Clothing Dover, 9 miles SW Beecher and Myers Co. , Inc.
- Wood Products Dover, 9 miles SW Dpnmyer Ornamental Concrete Mfg.Co. Concrete Products C Doverf 9 miles SW York Flour Mills, Inc. Grain Mill Products Manchester, 9 miles SSW C York Textile Products C
Knit Fabrics Manchester, 9 miles SSW Zinn, Inc. Millwork Manchester, 9 miles SSW C Pennsylvania Prestress, Inc. Concrete Products Manchester, 9 miles SSW Industrial Coatings'Co. Coating and Engraving Services Maschester Twp., 9 miles SSW g Frank Electric Corp. Switchgear and Switchboard Apparatus Manchester Twp., 9 miles SSW g American Acme Co. Games and Toys Manchester Twp. , 9 miles SSW Katherine Beecher Candies Candy Manchester, 7 miles S Pittman Motors, Inc. Motors and Generators E. Manchester, 7 miles SSE r
r C Apany Product Town and Location LANCASTER C(11NTY Red Rose Dairy Fluid Milk W. Donegal Twp., 6 miles SE Lutz Welding Miscellaneous Machinery E. Donegal Twp., 6 miles ESE Zielk Orthotic and Prosthetic Co. Surgical Appliances and Supplies E. Donegal Twp., 6 miles ESE Mumpers Dairy Fluid Milk Elizabethtown, 7 miles E Grubb Supply Co. Animal and Bird Food Elizabethtown, 7 miles E Klein Chocolate Co. Candy Elizabethtown, 7 miles E DAUPIIIN COUNTY Big M Discount Mart Miscellaneous Merchandise Londonderry,16 miles NE liershey Estates Dairy Fluid Milk liershey, 10 miles NNE DeAngelis Food Products Co., Inc. Canned Fruits and Vegetables IIershey,10 miles NNE Miller's Pies, Mrs. Bakery liershey,10 miles NNE Shutter's Potato Chips Potato Chips liershey, 10 miles NNE 7 Reese Candy Co. Candy IIershey,10 miles NNE y liershey Chocolate Corp. Chocolate and Cocoa Products liershey, 10 miles NNE liershey Lumber Products Millwork liershey,10 miles NNE l
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TABLE 2-2 TORNADOES WI'HIIN 25 MILES OF TIIREE MILE ISLAND (2)
(1917 - 1965)
DATE TIME LOCATION APPROXIMATE DIRECTION OF
- (Closest approach to site, miles) PATH LENGTH MOVEMENT 11 1918 11:30 P.M. N. of Ilarrisburg (10&) ? ?
6 1926 3:00 P.M. Paradise, Iancaster Co. (25) 2.5 miles 3 4 1929 8:00 P.M. Center of York Co. (12) ? ?
6 1938 2:30 P.M. W. Central Dauphin Co. (15) 10 miles SE 7 1938 3:45 A.M. Southern York Co. (15) 12-i3 miles NNE 8 1914 1 2:15 P.M. Central York Co. (14) 8 miles NE 5 1939 4 ? P.M. N. liarrisburg (9). 8 miles ENE 4 1952 1:15 P.M. Steelton (14) 3 miles NNE 4 1952 1:15 P.M. Wrightsville, York Co. (10) la miles NNE 14 1952 1:15 P.M.
4 C. of Lancaster (19) 3 miles NNE y 11 1953 2:00 A.M. Landisville, Lancaster Co. (15) 3 miles NE
[3 6 1956 7: 15 P.M.
6 Central York Co. (11) 6 4 miles E 4 1957 8:00 P.M. Central Lancaster Co. (25) ? ?
g 8 1957 2:30 P.M. liarrisburg (11) ? ?
y 11 1957 12:30 P.M. West-Central Lebanon Co. (15) 2 miles NE O 5 1961 ? Central Lancaster Co. (25) ? ?
g 7 1961 3:00 A.M. Central York Co. (16) 19 miles ENE g ? - 1963 ? North-Central York Co. (7) 13 miles ENE
& 7 - 1964 ? Central Lebanon Co. (21) ? ?
k 8 1965 ? Northern York Co. (12) ? ?
(2) 'lhom, II.C.S., " Tornado Probabilities", Monthly Weather Review (October-Dec.1963) l 730-736 (1963).
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O TABLE 2-3 DEFINITION OF STABILITY CONDITIONS (7)
I. Atmospheric stability is taken as the following function of wind speed and net radiation index.
Wind Speed (Knots) Net Radiation Index 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 Stability Condition 0, 1 A A B C D F G 2, 3 A B B C D F G 4, 5 A B C D D E F 6 B B C D D E F 7 B B C D D D E 8, 9 B C C D D D E 10 C C D D D D E O '.
11 C C D D D D D 2 12 C D D D D D D II. Net radiation index is taken as the following function of isolation index, cloud condition and time of day.
Net Radiation Insolation Cloud Conditions Time of Day **
Index Index Cover Ceiling 0 -
10/10 < 7000 ' Anytime
-2 -
54/10 -
Night
-1 -
>4/10 -
Night Same as Insola- From III below S5/10 - Day tion Index Insolation Index " " "
'/5/10 4 7000'
- Day l minus 2* -
l Insolation Index " " "
>5/10 27000' l minus 1* 4.16000' Day Insolation Index 10/10 E 7000' Day minus 1*
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2 >l50 to h35 3 >35 to 660
! 4 7 60
- If resulting net radiation index is 41 let it equal 1.
- Night is between sunset and sunrise I
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TABLE 2 4 ATMOSPHERIC DISPERSION FACTORS FOR ACCIDENT ANALYSIS Distance frem Max 1=um X/Q (Sec/m3) at Ground Level Source (Meters) o-2 Rrs. 2-12 Hrs.12-168 Hrs. 7-31 Days 1.0 x 10 -3 1,o x 10-3 -
200 2 93 x lo 6.91 x 10-5 3.70 x 10 -5 400 7.0 x lo- 7.o x lo 1 58 x lo k 700 4.4 x lo A 4.4 x lo- 8.50 x 10-5 1.96 x 10-5 1.200 2.6 x lo N 2.6 x lo k 4.10 x 10-5 9 70 x 10-6 1,700 1.8 x lo b 1.8 x lo k 2.63 x 10-5 5 98 x 10-6 2,20t 1 35 x lo k 1 35 x lo- 1.78 x 10-5 g,og x 1o-6' 2,700 1.1 x lo k 1.1 x lo k 1.63 x 10-5 3.67 x 10-6 4,000 7.0 x 10-5 7,o x 1o-5 1,41 x 10-5 3.13 x 10-6 5,000 5 4 x 10-5 5,4 x 10-5 1 30 x 10-5 2.86 x 10-6 10,000 2.25 x 10-5 2.25 x 10-5 1,o1 x 10-5 2.20 x 10-6 g 20,000 1.08 x 10-5 1.08 x 1o75 8.42 x 10-6 1.80 x 10-6 I
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LEGEND:
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j A - 2.5 x 10-8sec/m3 -
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,G thi l U Bosed en 3 years hourts records of Cimsted AFB,
'd$ lidL Modified os described in the text.
AVERAGE ANNUAL (X/Q)150PLETH5M NE FIGURE 2-7 THREE MILE 15 LAND HUCLEAR STATION 0000 098
O O O .!
I WIND ROSE WIND ROSE PRECIPITATION WIND ROSE OLM5TED AFD HARRISBURG-YORK STATE AIRPORT OLMSTED AFB (1959 thru 1963) (8955 thru 1963) (1959 thru 1963)
N N N
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/
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Cosm -401% Cosm - 8 S% Coom Occwences 4585
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C3 O wiMo aosas
'O 4*=f. Err ricuae a a V THREE 841LE 11 LAND HUCLE AR STATeose s 1
O O O .
ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY ROSE ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY ROSE ROSE OF LONGEST WIND DIRECTION PERSISTENCE 8' OLMSTED AFB HARRISBURG-YORK STATE AIRPORT OLMSTED AFB (1959 thru 1963) (1959 thru 1963) (1959 thru 1963)
- t 8 L D Kat t D asstit s if L w am H eC D euftra D trol!O E f C
= _ = = .. =. . . . . . . _ ... . . ...
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WIND PER541TENCE AMD ATM05PHERIC l C STARILITY ROSE 1 l O A*<= '.zrr ricuRE > +
. THR EE MILE ISL AND MUCLE AR 11 AllOs4
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Percent Probobility U so se oss vsa os se O ,,,
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{ f { $ I t 1 I 1 1 I I I f f I f f I fp PersistenC9 is the numett of uninterrupted hourly wind reaaings from a given direction sectorts).
I Upercent ,orocooisity of hours of Pecticos persistence Ir.
O WIND PER$1STENCE PROBASILITY2 _f Olmsted AFB (1959 thru 1963)
N_EHF FiCJ1RE' 210
! THREE MILE ISLAND NUCLEAR STAT,10N
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Total Storace Surface Area ImaJ Storage Surface Area Average Flow Distance (Acres) (CFS) Miles Direction g Re se rvoi r Stream tamer (Acre-Feet) (Acres) J Ac re-Feet )
0
- 18 S Codorus Creek York Water C=mipany 3,440 220 0 1 lake Williana
- 18 S York Water capany 5,$M 290 0 O 2 (1) E.Br.Codusus Creek 10 sW Beaver Creek Pa. Dept. Forest & hters 2,800 3k2 0 0 50 3 Pinchot take O O
- 24 SSE 4 take Pm sta Ga Co. Branch of Bunch Creek P.H. Glatfelter Co. 3,350 137
- 25 SSE W.Br.codorus Creek P.H. Glattelter Co. 48,500 1275 0 0 5 (1) 28,0uo 14 M 0 0 97 16 S S Indian hock Res. Codosus Creek U.S. Corp of Engineers
- W tienover gaanicipal hter Erka 5,220 185 0 0 31 7 Insw., Arie huservoir long Arm Creek
- SW tl :2.eppa ris-Mye rs lang Arm Creek Hanover Enicipal Water brka 615 46.U* O O 32 50 W 9
- Trout Run Chippensburg Bursch Authority 640 35
- 20 0 0
- b3 WW 10
- Cerbaugh Run Pa. Impt, hatth
- l l e6 0 0 34 11 lake Herttage Plum Creek take Heritage, Inc.
3,t40 ?>l O O
- 20 WSW 12 take Mead WJ Run lake Me J. Inc. O
- 49 kNE 83 #s them S.br. Roaring Creek Roaring Creek Water Capany 4,080 185 O Roaring Creek Water Com.pany 108 12 O O
- 46 kME 14 #e inem Trout Creek
- A8 $NE Bear Gap hier Company 592 65 0 0 IS d' tem S.Br. haring Creek 0 0
- 23 N 16 Clask Valley Clark Creek City of Harrisburg 23,600 650
- SE Philadelphia Electric r'=ra y 60,500 965
- 640 32 IT (1) Wildy ha * * */)d5 (b) 44 Sk Id conowine.o susquehanna River th11adelphia Electric Capany
- 6975 Susquehanna River Pennsylventa Puwer & Light Co.
- 20t8 *,
- 6505 (5) M Ss:
af Holtwood Das * *
- 24 kJ 20 Safe Harter been Swsquehanna River Safe Harbor Power Co. 92,200 *
- Same Same 11 MW 21 hk Street Dum Susquehanna River City of Harrisburg
- Penna. Fish Cossatssion
- 106.4 0 0 23 E 22
- baumer Creek 0
- 14 NW
- Cmodoquinet Creek U.S. Conv of Engineera 1,012 54 0 23 IA-tierkenny Ordnance lapot 5's
- O O
- 21 ME W.Br. stammer Creek City of tabanun P'e M. 1 150
- O O
- 21 me 25 h. 2 W.Br.Itammer Creek City of tabanon ug Hyerstown Water Co. 262 M * * * ?$
26 Streck Iake Trib.Tulpehocken Creek 0 43 LE Chester Enicipal Authority 7,700 tis 9 0 183 77 Octorano take Octorero Creek e
- 40 tNE Tulpehacken Creek U.S. Cory of Engineera 49,000 1000 (3) 15uo Pti Blue Marsh (2)
- O O
- 47 ENE 29 Antletam Stor.y C eek City of Reading 310 City of Reading 147 22.5 0 0
- 43 DE M Asvelica Ancelaca Creek 11,900 1082 O O
- 47 hE lake Ontelaunes Mal.hn Creek City of Reading 31
- O O
- 33 DE U
- Purnace Creek Emelsdort-hbesonia auth. 108
- 48 INE Peters *. rirag ha Maiden Creek Township 92 35 0 0 31 0 0 e 29 auE ys Hinh Brlds,e Dan Fishing Creek City of labanon 1,170 55 0 e 4,8 gh.t b lf Creek Tar Run Puttaville Water Co. 4*j2 25.6 0 35 1,470 52 0 0
- A2 NE M Indian Rima Isaltan Run Pottav111e Water Co. e borouch of Schuylkill Haven 30 0 0 47 NE Upper Dum Thumb 11rg hn 725 37 28 O O
- li6. 5 NE lueer Das Tumbil ; hn Bosomh of Schuylkill Havea $30 3t; 600 54 0 0
- 49 NNK N
- M.d kun laun Mmt h.1 14Janoy Townably Authority 0 0
- 48 kNK 40 h, 2 (kun Little Mahanoy Creek Borouefa of Ashinnal 3M 13 204 21.7 0 0
- 45 f.kE 41 Ikem No.4 Dyers hn Minersville hter Co.
- NME Pennsylvania Power & Light Co. 1,100 100 0 0 35
' b2 ; Sineet Arruw Lake E. br. Swatara Creek 0 e 49 NNE PLttsville Water Co. 19 0 C 43 Kauffman fasa kautonan itun Mck Run City of Contav111e 320 1.020 61 O O
- 49 ILE 44 Rm k Rias Due Q b5 N.Br. Patapaco River City of Baltimore 132,000 3100 0 0
- 49 S S
C 46 . Litne PrettyrtyBoy Gun Powder Falls City of Baltimore 61,400 1500 0 0 36 70,600 2400 0 0
- A8 S 47 tuck ihven Gun P wler Falla City of B 1timore
-
- Information not evallable DAT A ON RESERWDIR$ AND L AK E5
- Thesns usalwr construct ion but near empetion 9 *ky '~
Pr@osed const ruction to be empleted in 1971, begin about 19tA$. Italti-purpose flood control, water %pply. recreation kliHIM A S0 ulL E R ADIUS Q
- Area of ra.'reation pool at storage capacity of s $,5(h) acre-feet (4 y$ of time as recorded for 33 year perial
/Maffdry f acuRE 1-11 (5 94 of time as recorded for 31 year period THREE MILE 11 LAND NUCLE AR STATION r $
N es on J
O REFER TO FIGURE 2-i4 FOR 10ENTIFICATl0N OF WATER SUPPLY N
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- * " * """ OTHER WATER SUPPLIES WITHIN A 20 MILE R ADIUS NE FIGUR E 213 -
THREE MILE ISLAHL, HUCLEAR STATION
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