ML19291A679

Forwards Annual Financial Rept 1978

ML19291A679
Person / Time
Site:	07001007
Issue date:	03/30/1979
From:	Cunningham G GENERAL ELECTRIC CO.
To:	Cunningham R NRC OFFICE OF NUCLEAR MATERIAL SAFETY & SAFEGUARDS (NMSS)
References
NUDOCS 7905240588
Download: ML19291A679 (1)

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{{#Wiki_filter:fhh.,,.**%- 'T ,V. .l m' i NUCLEAR ENERGY d'.' - p 't= $ M D 3 ' '* 9 " ' L, N:-LC U" L C ls I I, !i3 ' fa 0 L" = L: k t ENGINEERING

v DIVISION GENEnAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, P.O. BOX 460, PLEAsANTON, C AllFORNI A 9g6 (j' W.. / m

() m. . /. C.1 March 30, 1979 s (*, N s

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...:s'. -ggr ,e - Mr. R. E. Cunningham, Director ib "q ' 1 f ("?. Division of Fuel Cycle and Material Safety Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards

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' /[S '" U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 7 s '. ~ Washington, D. C. Referen

focliet 70-1007 Dear Mr. Cuiningha As is customary, a copy of the General Electric Annual Report is foraarded to the Cohnnission in order to provide updated General Electric corporate and financial information.

Accordingly, a copy of the 1978 Annual Report is enclosed for inclusion in the referenced docket. Sincerely, G. E. Cunningham Sr. Licensing Engineer vcc Attachment 7 905240H f pp;l-p yh.. D.

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7 s 21:510 1'? sy< g

c.- GENER AL O ELECTRIC 1978 Annual Report GE Board Committees-one key way to assure ' corporate governance' Nominating Committee Assessing Director candidates and Committee memberships O OperationsCommitte The Board's monitor of GE operating performance Technology and Science Committee Seeking the greatest potential from GE research and development Management Development and Compensation Committee Maintaining the quality of General Electric managerialleadership Public issues Committee Assuring a thoughtful GE voice on key issues Finance Committee Yd Appraisal of General Electric financial planning DUPLICATE DOCUMENT C Entire document previously entered into system under: T.if.l.......r,.... 'i" i Ano H o40 6 02.19 ~ e 2,982.y Current receivsNes 7 j w w Ju o fu.,Su m No. of pages: 4T

7 GE 1978 Annual Report Contents The cover: 3 Financialhighlights " Corporate governance," a term that is 4 The Chairman comments appearing more often in public debate, 6 Consumer Products and Services encompasses a number ofissues con-9 IndustrialProducts and Components cerning the accountability of business 12 Power Systems managers for the effects that their actions 15 TechnicalSystems and Materials and decisions have on customers, share 18 Natural Resources owners, employees and the general pub-20 International lic.The main point at issue is whether 22 Research and development business enterprises can themselves pro-

23 Board of Directors vide responsible corporate govemance or 26 GE people must submit to further Government inter-27. Management vention and regulation. On pages 4-5 of

,4 30 Financialissues this Annual Report, GE's Chairman pre- ' 31 Report of management sents the case for business-initiated 31 Reportof accountants measures to tighten controls and disci-32 Financialstatements plines, including steps now being taken to 36 Significant accounting policies make corporate boards of directors more 37 Notes to financialstatements effective. As a case in point, the iront '43 ' Segmentinformation cover illustrates how, beginning in 1972, ~5 Management's discussion and GE Directors have organized seven Com-4 analysis mittees of the Board, each of which moni-

1. 46 Ten-yearsummary tors a major area of GE's performance.

,6 The 1978 Annual Report is one of four quarterly Note: Unless otherwise indicated by the context, ' the terms "GE"," General Electric" and " Company" lasues of The Generaf Electricinvestor, published are used on the basis of consofidation described to inform share owners and investors about activi-

on page 36. Unless otherwise indicated by the con-ties of the General Electric Company. Others may

f text, the terms "Utan" and " Utah Intemationar*

_. receive the investor on request. . i mean Utah Intemational Inc., as weit as all of its - ' *aff!Ilates" and " associated cornpanies" as those Editor: Frederick N. Robinson terms are used on page 36. Associate Editors: Devere E. Logan; Edna Vercini Financial Editor: Sidney D. Spencer. 8EE EI AL $ ELECTRIC, $ and GE are reg. Editorial Board: David W. Burke, Manager, istered trademarks of General Electric Company. Corporate Commun/ cations;J. Hervie Haufler, e and @ indicate registered and unregistered trade Manager, Corporate EditorieIPrograms; and so.vice marks of General Electric Company. John L Ingersoll, Manager, Corporafe InstitutionalRelations

1. 1979 General Electric Compan Nrinted in U.S.A. Art Direction: Jack Hough Associates, Inc.

Photographers:Chris Anderson, Stan Blanchard, Joseph B. Brignolo, Gary Calderwood. Arthur d'Arezien.Heivi Dauman, Walter B. Halstead Tony Kelly, Russell Ley, . Lance Nelson, Steven G. Sweitzer, Cart Weese S w~ l ~ +

PRELIFI;NAFF Accession No. Contract Program or Project

Title:

Refill Effects Program Subject of this Document: First Quarter FY79 Progress Report ON Refill Effects Program Quarterly Progress Report 10/31-12/31/ 1979 Type of Document: Quarterly Progress Report Author (s), Affiliation and Address: C.J. Crowley P.H. Rothe and C. N. Cary Creare Incorporated Box 71 Hanover, NH 03755 Contract No: NRC-04-75-162 Date of Document: April 1979 b Af 3['77 Date Transmitted to NRC: NRC Individual and NRC Office or Division to Whom Inquiries Should be Addressed: A. Serki: This document was prepared for preliminary or internal use. It has not received full NRC review and approval. Since there may be substantive changes, this document should not be considered final. This Document may be made Publicly Available: ? b O S 24 0 ff2. i\\ RC Researc1 anc "ec1nica hl " / / gnature Assistance Report LjcNRCProgremerPro3ece f Sponsor or Authorized Contractor Official) U.S. Nuclear Regalatory Commission Washington, D. C. 20555 PRELIMINARY

Creare TM-292 NUREG/CR-0719 R-2 FIRST GUARTER FY79 PROGRESS REPORT ON REFILL EFFECTS PROGRAM Quarterly Progress Report October 1, 1978 - December 31, 1978 Christopher J. Crowley Paul 11. Rothe Clifford N. Cary NRC Research and Teca Assistance Report Manuscript Completed: April 1979 Date Published: April 1979 CREARE Inc. iia nove r, MII 03755 Division of Reactor Safety Research Office of Nuclear Regulatory Commission U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Under Contract No. NRC-04-75-162

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page i ABSTRACT................. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS. iii LIST OF FIGURES. iv NOMENCLATURE 1 1 INTRODUCTION 2 2 SUtiMARY OF RESULTS 2 2.1 Model Synthesis 2 2.2 Flashing Transients 3 2.3 Condensation-Induced Transients 2.4 Refill Mudeling with RELAP. 3 4 2.5 RIL Support 7 3 LOWER PLENUM VOIDING 4 FLOW TOPOGRAPHY. 10 REFERENCES 14 15 APPENDIX A 17 APPENDIX B ii

ABSTRACT This report describes work on the creare Refill 'ffects Prograr during the first quarter of FY79. Results are s.:rrarized according to the various tasks within the program. Particular results on the sca.ing of Lower Plenura Voiding effects and the display of Flow Top-ography data are discussed. Future plans for each of the prooram topics are also outlined _ i

LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 1 INSTRUMENTATION FOR FLASilING TRANSIENTS IN 1/15-SCALE VESSEL AND FACILITY 3 2 CO?tPARISON OF COUNTERCURRENT FLON DATA AT VARIOUS ECC FLOW RATES NITIl CREARE CORRELATION (p =65 psia) 5 gp 3 CO!!PARISON OF 1/15 AND 1/30 SCALE COUNTFRCURRFNT FLOU DATA NITII NEARLY SATURATED ECC 6 4 IDEALIZED SKETCH OF LOWER PLENU?! VOIDING FLON SITUATION. 7 5 SCALING OF LOWER PLENUM VOIDING EFFECTS.. 8 6 TYPICAL PLOW TOPOGRAPIIY DATA DISPLAY (FOR PARTIAL DELIVERY COUNTERCURRENT FLOW TEST). 11 7 LOCAL PROBE FRIsCTION DISPLAY FOR 16 DOWNCOMER NODE DIVISION 12 8 COMPARISON OF ANNULUS PROBE FRACTION DATA WITIl PLENUM FILLING DATA........ 12 9 CO!!PUTER-DEFINED STEAM-WATER INTERFACE FOR TYPICAL PLOU TOPOGRAPIlY DATA. 13 iii

O!!ENCLATURE C

correlation factor for saturated water complete bypass (Fquation 1) D core inlet plate equivalent diameter D vessel inner diameter v f correlation factor for effect of condensation on complete bypass y acceleration due to gravity h water level depression below core inlet plate dimensionless core steam flow (Equation 2) j,*J e j dimensionless liquid flux delivered to lower plenum fd $in dimensionless liquid flux entering annulus J,* dimensionless reverse core steam flow c m clope coefficient of penetration curve (1:quation 1) p lover plenum pressure np Q v 1 ~_m tric flow rate of ECC injected into annulus T s annulus gap spacing T ECC injection temperature ECC iT ECC subc ooling sub V v 1 city of steam out of core inlet plate c W mass flow rate of steam out of core inlet plate ge a void fraction a dimensionless condensation potential ug liquid phase density e gas phase density iv

1 INTRODUCTION This is a Quarterly Progress 'tooort on the Creare 3efill Offects Progran. The general context of this wo r k i s a postulated Loss-of-Coolant Accident (LOCA) in a Pressurized 1ater "eactor (P"M), although nany o# the basic processes beinq studied nay alr.o apolS to Boilinq Nater Reactors ( BilR s ). The progran is a continuing effort to develop analytical and empirical tools which will contribute to best-estinate and licensing predictions of lover nienur fillina during postulated LOCAs in PWRs and to assist in the design and specification of larger scale plenun filling teste and the predictions of those test results. As described in detail in the previour quarter 13 Progress Report (1] the general structure of the progran has been arranaed around eight technical topics: . Model S"nthesis Plashinq Transients e Lower Plenum Voiding e e Condensation-Induced Transients Refill Modeling with RELAP e Flow Topography e e Technical Support of Research Inf orna tion Letters . Technical Assistance and Review Groups In the period October-December 1978, primary analytical efforts included synthesis of the effects of superheated walls into the refill analysis, nodifications to our refill nodel using RELAP to predict flashing transients, and continuing analyses on the tooics of lower plenum voiding, condensation-induced transients and flow topogranhy. Experimental work included lower p'.enun voiding studies at two vessel 3izes to investtgate scaling and also countercurrent flow experinents with two ECC flow rates (at elevated pressure) in support of the Research Information Letter. Facility upgrades involved revised instrunentation in the./15-scale nodel in preparation for additional flashing transient experiments and inproverents to the design of the orobe instruments for flow topography. Progress on rcost of tho topics is reviewed in Section 2. The work on scaling of lower plenun voiaina effects is discussed separately in Section 3 of this report. The inproverents in instrument design and displays of probe data for flow topography analysis purposes are discussed in Section 4. Planned efforts on each of these tooics are also discussed in the appropriate sections.

2 SUf t'4ARY OF R ES ULT's 2.1 Model Synthesis During the quarter the DRAFT topical report on the phenonenon of superheated walls with countercurrent flow was completed. The final report is entitled " Analysis of Superheated Nall Effects During Re f il l. at Small Scale", Creare TM-287 (NUREG/CR-0599). The analysis describes flooding behavior limited by heat transfer in our 1/15-ecale PNR model during steam flow transients. The basic concepts of the analysis and selected comparisons wi th data have been uresented in the previous Qua rterly Progress "eport. [1] The final version of the topical report is expected to be published in March 1979. The synthesis of an upgraded condensation-induced transient analysis is the next planned addition to the refill nodel. This addition will occur during the third quater of FY79. 2.2 Flashing Transients For the topic of flashing transients, the instrumentation in the f acility has been upgraded to provide better infornation on transient behavior in the lower plenum and on system flows (see Figure 1). Earlier test measurenents principally included the transient pressure and the final renaining liquid nass in the plenum (via shrouded conductivity probe). Results from these few flashing exper'.ments were conpared with RELAP calculations for the 1/15-scale geometry [2] and these comparisons showed that a bubble rise velocity of approximately 10 f t/sec was necessary te predict the mass of liquid remaining in the plenun at the end of the experiment rather than the value 1 to 3 ft/sec recom-mended in the RELAP user's nanual. [3} Additional flashing experiments with upgraded transient measurements are planned. A differential pres-sure cell has been added in the lower plenun to measure the transient mass of liquid in the lower plenum. The shroud has also been removed from the coupled conductivity probe in the lower plenan so that it can be used to mcasure the height of the two-phase nixture in the lower plenun. Use of these two instrunents together thus gives a measurenent of the transient void fraction in the lower plenun during the flauhinq transients. An orifice neter to neasure the steam flowing out of the separator vessel and additional fluid thernocouples in the lower plenum were also added. Modifications to the large separator vessel to improve the accuracy in measuring small volunes of liquid outflows from the vessel were also nade. During the following quarter these instruments will be used in prelininary flashing transient experinents scopino the effects of break size, initial vessel pressure, reverse core steam flow, and the t in i r.g and rate of ECC injection. The transient measurenents will be compared with RELAP calculations of the tests where practical. 2

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= ' - - - - + 'CAER PL[tk

NJE C TIC 4 FIGURE 1.

INSTRUI1FNTATION FOR FLASIIING TRANSIENTS IN 1/15-SCALE VESSL:L IsND FACILITY 2.3 Condensa tion-Induced Transient s Knowledge of the break pressure drop durine ECC bypass is a critical component of the calculation of system ',a v i o r. A pre-liminary medel for the break pressure drop [4] ach eved reasonable actreenent with experimental data for very high and ver/ low ECC subcoolings and for conditions of an unobstructed broken cold leg. This analysis is currently being refined to calculate break-pressure-drop at intermediate subcoolings and to include compressibility effects. 2.4 Refill tiodeling With RELAP The Creare 1/15-scale vessel has been nodalized according to the RELAP format. 'lodifications to a previous nodalization [2) and to the progran control cards were made in order to nore easily compare RELAP output calculations to the particular neasurements discussed above for flashing transient experiments. Plans are also beinct made to incorporate the data of Wilson [5] for rise velocities of st'am bubbles into the MOD-4 version of RELAP being used. During the next quarter, initial conparisons will be nade with experinental results from the planned flashing tests. 3

2.5 RIL Support In support of the Research Information Letter (RIL) on CCC bypass at snall scale, Creare has been drafting a document which . reviews the purposes of our work, e cunnarizes the work performed by Creare, e identifies nignificant findings in all available work, e discusses the applicability of the findings to licensing, and recornends further research. The phenomena of steam-water mixing in the cold leg injection section, countercurrent flow in the downconer, and the effects of vessel super-heated walls are the topics to be covered. This report will be transmitted to the NRC next quarter. With regard to the phenonenon of countercurrent flow, our pre-vious sur. nary reports [6,71 indicated that additional data were needed at elevated pressure to round out the parameter distribution of the Creare data base. Our correlation of countercurrent flow data has the general forn l + nJyd =C (1) {J*g-flJfig Principally, the value of the condensation parameter f needed experi-nental support at these other flow rates. Thus, earl" in the nuarter countercurrent flow experinents with iniection flows of 30 and 90 gun were perforned to supplement those at the baseline flow rate of 60 ann. Sanple bypass plots are shown in Figure 2 and the data are tabulated in Appendix A. Analysis of existing data indicated that a value of f=0.20+0.05 was appropriate in correlating the data. The fioure shows that a value of f in that range ir also reouired to natch exnerimental data a t high ECC subcooling at 30 and 60 qpn. The data at 90 ann lie slightly below this range. There is sone evidence in these and earlier data that at large values of kJfin('O.6) the bypass intercept asynntotes a constant value no the vclue of f required to match exnerimental data decreases at high values of b1[in,e.g. in P iqure 2 (c) where AJlin=0.85. Two series of countercurrent flow tests with saturated water were also completed in a 1/30-scale model PW vessel to address the scaling of bypass under controlled pressure conditions. The tests included 212 F ECC at atmospheric pressure and 293 P ECC at 65 psia and corresoond to tests under similar conditions in the 1/15-scale nodel. A co parison of the saturated ECC data at both scales is shown in Piqure 3 and 1/30-scale data are tabulated in Appendix B. The data indicate the same bypass limit J,*b=0.16 at both scales, which supports J* parameter scaling of counterdurrent flow at small sizes. Conparison of Figures 3(a) and 3(b) also shows that the offeet of pressure is properly accounted by the J* parameter in the range 15-65 psia. 4

040 0 40 i i i (a) yfyn = 0 058 (b) Jf n = 0.116 035 07=3Ogpm 035; 0 = 60gpm 7 ATsua: 2 2 0* F ATsue= 220* F 030 P 68 psia 030 4 7 =O25 LP LP f P 67 psia .\\ Jfin = O 28 I'~s f=O 20 kJf in = 0. 57 ~ ~ ' ' 025 025 g 's s $4 0 20 020 =05 ~ ~ ~ O-7-f = O 2 5

j gf = 0 20 s

0 15 O 15 O 15 h O 10 O.10 w 005 005 z 0 '3 0 I O 0 0 05 0 10 0 0.05 0.10 0 15 0 1w F-2 @ 0.40 i i i u (c) Jg*,n = 0.174 gm O35 -s N'~~Q=025 07=90gpm g ATsuB = 2 20*F P - 68 ps10 9 030 f = 0 20 l LP .N IXJf n = 0.8D $ 025 - U O I 5 E A 3 020 ^ 0.15 g O 10 A 005 O C O.05 0 10 0.15 0.20 0.25 DIMENSIONLESS WATER FLOW DELIVERED,J ] g FIGURE 2. COMPARISON OF COUNTERCURRENT FLOt! DATA AT VARIOUS ECC FLOW RATES WITli CREARE CORRELATION (p =65psla) p 5

O.35 i i i i i i I (a) 0.30 A A 1/30 SCALE l/15 SCALE 0.25 J fn = 0. l l6 J fn = 0. l l6 f f o g($ TECC = 212

• F TECC= 212 F A

s = 0.25in. s = 0. 5 in. O.20 P =!4.7 0.5 psia P p= 14 .9 psia LP 0.15 y<" G O.10 A g A A r b O.05 MAA-m A m 3 0 I I I I ^l I o O O.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 F-g 0.35 i i i i i i i O (b) 0.30 A A g [ 1/30 SCALE 1/15 SCALE j O.25 J fn = 0.116 Jf n = 0. I 16 f O TECC= 298 "F TECC= 295*F z O.20 g s = 0. 2 5 i n. s = 0.S i n. P =65 0.5 psia Pgp= 65 psia y j. tp _Q O.15 'A 9.10 A g 0.05 _i O I I I I i I I n O O.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 DIMENSIONLESS WATER FLOW DELIVERED,J jf FIGURE 3. COMPARISON OF 1/15 AND 1/30 SCALE COUNTERCUR'1ENT PLOW DATA UI Til NEARLY SATURATED ECC Similar tests have been performed previously at atmospheric pressure in a ' t ;v >arent two-loop f acility. The results are identical, ir. 'utlag little or no effect of cold leg arrangement, at least fc tra' Ed water at 1/30-scale. Uf.- 5 to the phenomenon of superheated walls, Creare will use the. c c e.m y completed analysis of this topic (see Section 2.1) in order to assene superheated wall effects at PWR scale. Sample LOCA transient data twerated from several Evaluation Models will be used as inputs to the ai,alysis, and the sensitivity of the superheated wall effect at PWR scale to various modeling assumptions in the analysis will be explored. 6

3 LOWER PLENUM VOIDING On the top.c of lower plenum voiding, a previous data report [8] examined the equilibrium liquid level in the lower plenum for various steam flows and geometries. An idealized sketch of the flow situation is shown in Figure 4. This work demonstrated the existence of a transition in equilibrium voiding level at a critical stean flow. The important vessel dinensions in determining the voiding lev'l and the location of this transition behavior are the equivalent diancter Dc of the flow area at the core inlet and the vessel diameter Dy. During the quarter, additional voiding data displaying the effect of vessel size with various geometrically similar core inlet geonetries were generated. As shown in Figure 5, equilibrium level data from 1/30 and 1/10 scale vessels are plotted in dimensionless form and overlay for a tubular inlet geometry ( Dc/ Dv = 0. 6 7 ) and for an inlet orifice geometry ( Dc / Dy = 0. 5 ). For the same ratio Dc/Dy the steam flow at which the transition behavior occurs is the same at 1/30 and 1/10 scale when the stean flux is plotted as a dimensionless parameter 2)5 (p V a c (2) 4* = ge -p 3 [gDc (pg g Analytical work has centered on predicting the region of data below the transition and comparisons with data of other workers. QC t --- s If ~ D ~ e ,/ n N '/ I^ wf,- -- - T , jf - - -t % u -~_ F* "9 FIGURE 4. IDEALI ZED SKETCil OF LOWER PLENUM VOIDING FLOU SITUATION 7

3.0 i i i I 9 1/10 SCALE 82.5 _o i/30 SCALE O 2 2.0

1. 5 O

TRANSITION, l.O O l O.5 O O 'I I I I O O.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 STE AM FLOW, j *c g a) 25% CORE INLET AREA (D / D = 0. 5 ) c y 3.0 i i i S l/lO SCALE 8 O 1/30 SC ALE 25 1 I W 2.0 "i

1. 5 g

w TRANSITION O O.5 OS I I I 0 O O.2 0.4

0. 6 0.8 1.0 STE AM FLOW, j *c g

b) 45% COR E INLET ARE A (De/Dy = 0. 6 7 ) FIGURE 5. SCALING OF LOWER PLENUM VOIDING EFFFCTS 8

In mapping these data and performing the experinents, it has been noted that it takes a certain amount of tine for the transition behavior to occur. The transition behavior is related to an instability which is visually displayed by a growth of precessing motion of liquid in the test vessel, followed by rapid renoval of liquid after some tine as the instability grows. [8] The naxinun length of time for this transition to proceed to a new equilibriun is approximately ten minutes; at stean flows below the transition value in Figure 5 no transition occurs and at steam flows above the transition indicated it occurs more ranidly. The nagnitude of the change in equilibriun level due to this transition is significant relative to PNR plenum depths but the times involved are very long compared with LOCA transients. Work during the upcoming quarter will address the transition behavior with transient stean flows and with a two-phase lower plenum mixture. Simple experiments are planned in each of these areas. 9

4 FLOW TOPOGRAPHY Over the course of FY78 and during the first quarter of FY79 Creare has developed an instrumentation system used to record and display the two-phase flow topographies in the annulus of a 1/15-scale model PWR vessel. Instantaneous " snapshots" of the steam / water distribution are obtained at a rate of about 100 per second from an array of about 300 individual conductivity sensors. These snapshots have in the past been displayed as hard copy (Figure 6) and compiled into motion-picture films. These techniques can be readily extended to other two-phase flow situations where knowledge of tne transient phase distributions is desired. Recent efforts have imen made to extend the life of the physical probes, to numerically manipulate the probe data for quantitative analysis, and to couple the digital probe data with analog instrumen-tation signals. The results of these efforts are summarized. For the probe designs used in the FY78 program, the usable lifetime of the probes was limited to approximately 50 hours because of the continuous application of current into the probes and the materials used--probe failures due to electro-chemical corrosion began to occur after these time periods. During the first quarter of FY79, major improvements to the probe lifetimes were mado by altering the electronics to include pulsing mechanisms tha. educed the duty cycle. In addition, the exposed surface area of the con-ductors was increased and stainless steel sensors replaced the copper wires of the previous probes, further reducing current intensity. Probes with these modifications survived 500 hours of continuous testing without any evidence of corrosion and no failures have occurred to date. Several display improvements have been undertaken in order to facilitate analysis of the probe data. For example, information on the fraction of probes indicating the presence of water in various nodes of the downcomer can be displayed. In Figure 7 the downcomer has been divided into an array of 16 nodes and the local probe frac-tions displayed for a five second period of time. Thus, approximate downcomer void fraction data are generated which may be compared with code predictions involving various nodalization schemes. Probe fraction data for the entire downcomer may also be compared with plenum filling data (Figure 8) to illustrate oscillatory behavior or simply flow patterns during filling. Note that in Figure 8 the sudden increases in level in the lower plenum (indicating slug delivery) correspond to an increase in the number of probes recording the presence of water in the downcomer due to the passage of the liquid slug through the annulus. 10

n., ,,..m n.,,, _ r-f- i......-.....-..........p .......... y...... i _d O @)@ @ O @ Ol2 @'O @'@ J O O' Oi ..-..3 2 .-.... n, 3 .-.... + s s ....y e 6 -..=., 7 ..-.= b _J e i...- c 3. 5 6 7 0 9 18 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 ^ 7 9 9 12 11 '2 5 on ir aim n at i.. mt c t-t ..-..',.=.." ".. ". ".".".." .t l,.", _w -~ l s b O.b b "... b O b z .. f 3 "..,.. ",. ",s _.,.. = _. =. "." j,....,.-...,.=.." ..".."....y i... s +.-....- j 6 . ;l e .= .... ". l l j,.,. i,.. ',.,.=,.",.' 7 .."." f ! ? l. .= .-.=.-.= a .= =

• y L__

'c 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 tt 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ? !2 t:n t r.s ut ng i s. 7sm ?..=..= . =.. "."...." ." I I 1 ir '...= ..=..=.. =.. _......

t. l i

1 m i . )0 'O O ".. 0 0.'0 0 ..p ..2 7 a ... =.. - . jf' . el 6 s l .=...=..=..- 6 ..=..=. l,l 7

..-.=

=.. 7 ...=.......= ..=....- ..=.. = li" ...,8 u... _j p 1 a 9 12 ' 12 2 3 - 5 6 7 e 9 te 11 12 3 6 s 3 n wn. n.e s...rm n.1 r_ ..=.. =....=....=...".' 1 ..-....=.."..."." "."... n am @ YQ 0 Q Q Q ]Q 2 2 ..".....'."..=.."..=.."..-..".. 3 3 .... =.. ".. ".. ".. ". ' ...... =... " ..=..-... a .....=..=.. 5 ..=... = ..-..=.....=..=..=... s ..=..-..=..= + 6 3 ..-....=..- 7 7 p 8 t 2 3 6 5 6 7 8 9 12 !! I2 1 2 3 4 s o 7 8 9 12 11 12 FIGURE 6. TYPICAL PLOW TOPOGRAPl!Y DATA DISPLAY (FOR PARTIAL DELIVERY COUNTERCURRENT FLOW TEST) 11

th i S 5 c) ~$\\,& < g,Ya \\ C l:, ({t),> ;,'; K %'; a li lg, \\.) j e: rg ij .g i i f,'r '" ',,',I j 0'A I I I t: sh t . (. : i i, ,U is' ?. i,'j ,i g,,, l 1 'i f,- i t,,*d 8' 4 4 r, I. I l I 'f.'q(e I l,'1 I '{,a-- f

)

I' s, p i in i I ,,.j j li, 6 z' s .y e, c 'e j l wwz ,y ,r 1 i fi. 'n u. ) l,\\\\ j

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,t je 4 qf .} .,.y ' " ' f fs eJ i .j e- ,_. I; s en

• t s

6 2 ') 4 'v, s.' FIGURE 7. LOC /sL PROBE FRACTION DISPLAY FOR 16 DOWNCOMER NODE DIVISION l.0 i; i; i e j

b. 0.8 l

(@ /,YA 2; f 'l I l a i 11 G 0 06 fll l I yI S gI l l 4 (I [l' ns 0 l l l l 90.2 - W l l I I if l l I I S 0 li I I I II I O 10 20 30 40 50 _ 100 e il l l j li b 80 I I l E l i stuc 60 l lCELIVERY l I ? l l x i m \\!; 5 40 l m l $ 20 I d I I I I l g Ik I I II I 0 O 10 20 30 40 50 TIME (SEC) FIGURE 8. COMPARISON OF ANNULUS PROBE FRACTION DATA UITH PLENUM PILLING DATA 12

The probe uuta are also being used to define the interface between the gas and liquid in the downcomer. Image enhancement techniques similar to those developed for space photocraphy are being used. Figure 9 shows how a computer analysis depicts an interface. Note t ha t the technique does not merely surround all lit probes which are shown in this sample frame but includes some apparent voids and rejects occasional splashes since these are randon events which vanish in frames innediately following. Defining these interfaces is useful in determining the velocities at which the fluid noves at various locations and during various events (such as slug delivery). These efforts are continuing. Also during the quarter, analog instrumentation consisting of the vessel pressure and several differential pressures in the down-comer has been installed. Simultaneous analog and digital (probe) data during countercurrent flow uill be obtained during the following quarter and will be used in further analysis of the fluid notions. IXXXXXXXXXXXX li XXXX XXXXX l XXX X XI X X X X X' I COMPUTER-IXXXX P#nPACE XXXl !XXX X X X X' I X X l I X - CENTER PROBE IN GAP INDICATES LIQUID I I FIGURE 9. Cof1PUTER-DEFINED STFAM-WATFR INTERFACE FOP. TYPICAL FLOW TOPOGRAPilY DATA 13

RLFERENCES 1)

Rothe, P.

11. and Crowley, C. J.;

SUMMARY

OF FY78 PROGRESS ON CREARE REFILL EFFECTS PROGRAM; Quarterly Progress Report July 1, 1978 - September 30, 1978; Creare Technical Note TM-291 (NUREG/CR-0600), January 1979. 2)

Crowley, C.

J., et. al.; PRELIt1INARY STUDIES OF FLASHING TRANSIENTS; Creare Technical Memorandum TM-605, September 15, 1978. 3) Idaho National Engineering Laboratory; RELAP4/310D5 - A COMPUTER PROGRN1 FOR TRANSIENT THERMAL-HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR REACTORS AND RELATED SYSTE!!S; User's Manual Volume II Checkout Applications, Appendix H (Large Cold Leg Break (Test S-02-9) INEL Semiscale); ANCR-NUREG-1335, September 1976. 4)

Crowley, C.

J.,

Wallis, G.

B. and Rothe, P. H.; PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF CONDENSATION-INDUCED TRANSIENTS; Quarterly Progress Report July 1, 1977 - September 30, 1977; Creare Technical Note TN-291, Decenber 1977. 5)

Wilson, J.

F., et. al.; THE VELOCITY OF RISING ST EA*1 IN A BUBBLING TWO-PHASE !!IXTURE; ANS Transactions, Vol. 5, No. 1, 1962. 6)

Rothe, P.

H., Crowley, C. J. and Block, J. A.; PROGRESS ON ECC BYPASS SCALING; Quarterly Progress Report October 1, 1977 - December 31, 1977; Creare Technical Note TN-272, (NUREG/CR-004 8), !! arch 1973. 7)

Rothe, P.

11., Crowley, C.

J.; SCALING OF PRESSURE AND SUBCOOLING FOR COUNTERCURRENT FLOW; Quarterly Progress Report April 1, 1978 - June 30, 1978; Creare Technical Note TN-285 (NUREG/CR-0464), October 1978 8)

Crowley, C.

J. and Rothe, P. H.; PROGRESS ON LONER PLENUa OIDING; Quarterly Progress Report January 1, 1978 Piarch 31, 1978; Creare Technical Note TM-278 (NUREG/CR-0121), June 1978. 14

APPE"DIY A 1/15 SCALE COUNTERCURRENT FLOW DATA TABULATION Countercurrent flow data reported here for the first time are listed in the following tables. This consists primarily of data at elevated pressure and additional injection flow rates. The informa-tion provided in each table is: TEST ID identification numbers for each test W countercut ent steam flow rate, lbm/sec c O y lumetric water flow rate delivered to lower plenum, gpm fd O -- v lum tric water flow rate injected into cold legs, gpm fin T injected water temperature,

• F ECC AT injected water subcooling,

'F SUB p lower plenum pressure, psia p p -- discharge vessel pressure, psia c J -- dim nsionless water flow rate injected fin J* -- dimensionless countercurrent steam flow c J -- dimensionless water flc9 rate delivered to lower plenum fd Additional information which applies to these tables is: Vessel scale - 1/15 Gap size - 0.5 in. Average annulus circumference - 34.6 in. 2 Downcomer flow area - 0.12 ft Plenum volume - 15.3 gal. Broken leg diameter - 1.875 in.for tests 2.1444 - 2.1452 and 2.1400 - 2.1407 Broken leg diameter - 3.0 in. for remaining tests. 15

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APPENDIX B 1/30 SCALE COUNTERCURRENT FLOW DATA TABULATION Countercurrent flow data reported here for the first time are listed in the following tables. This consists primarily of data with nearly saturated ECC at atmospheric and elevated pressure. The infor-mation provided in each table is: TEST ID identification numbers for each test W countercurrent steam flow rate, lbm/sec o v lum tric water flow rate delivered to lower plenum, gpm fd T in eted water temperature, 'F ECC f.T injected water subcooling, F SUb p lower plenun pressure, psia gp p diccharge vessel pressure, psia c J di ensionless water flow rate injected fin J,.* c di ensi nless countercurrent steam ficw J dimensionless water flow rate delivered to lower plenum fd Additional information which applies to these tables is: Vessel scale - 1/30 Gap size - 0.25 Average annulus circumference - 18.4 in. 2 Downcomer flow area - 0.032 ft Plenum volume - 3.5 gal. Broken ley diameter - 2.0 in. 17

TABLE B1 1/30-sci _COUNTERCURRFNT FLOW DATA O O T P P gc fd fin ECC SUB gp c J* J* J* Test ID (lbm/sec) (qpm) (gpm) ( F) ( F) (psia) (psia) fin gc fd AA103A 0.060 0.2 11.7 212.0 0.0 14.7 14.5 0.110 0.181 0.002 AA103B 0.066 0.0 11.7 212.0 0.0 14.7 14.5 0.116 0.197 0.000 AA103C 0.052 0.0 11.7 212.0 0.0 14.7 14.5 0.116 0.157 0.000 AA103D 0.048 0.3 11.7 212.0 0.0 14.7 14.5 0.116 0.142 0.003 AA103E 0.027 5.4 11.7 211.0 1.0 14.7 14.5 0.116 0.079 0.054 AA103F 0.031 3.7 11.7 211.0 1.0 14.7 14.5 0.116 0.094 0.036 AA1030 0.037 2.1 11.7 211.0 1.0 14.7 14.5 0.116 0.112 0.021 AA103H 0.017 11.8 11.7 211.0 1.0 14.7 14.5 0.116 0.050 0.110 s 03 AA1031 0.000 11.7 11.7 212.0 0.0 14.7 14.5 0.116 0.000 0.116 AA117A 0.073 2.1 11.7 298.0 0.7 65.0 14.5 0.116 0.110 0.021 AA1178 0.050 8.5 11.7 298.0 0.7 65.0 14.5 0.116 0.077 0.085 AA117C 0.000 11.7 11.7 298.0 0.7 65.0 14.5 0.116 0.000 0.116 AA117D 0.100 0.5 11.7 300.0 -1.3 65.0 14.5 0.116 0.152 0.005 AA117E 0.098 0.7 11.7 298.0 0.7 65.0 14.5 0.116 0.150 0.007 AA117F 0.085 1.4 11.7 298.0 0.7 65.0 14.5 0.116 0.129 0.014 AA1170 0.092 0.7 11.7 298.0 0.7 65.0 14.5 0.116 0.140 0.007

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s.

CREARE INC. Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 is 9 Tel. 803/843-3800 0 6 ' ~ k Creare incorportted is an advanced ti engineering consultir.? firm organized specifically to exploit the talents of the g highly e eative technical engineer. Since

i.

1961, Creare has engaged in proprietary l} product development and contract re-search for industry and government. The Company's office, shops, and laboratories p are located in Hanover N.H. ?;y R. e }L ~ - - - - . :.3, - ~~~e.**- ,. _ _ s me<mnsm e, w. -...-p,-

_.. _. ~.. - _ _. h i DISTRIBUTION LIST t 1. Sufficient copies for NRC category R-2 distribution. 2. Fifty (50) copies for Creare Inc., internal distribution. -i 'g B 9 if 7 %r-(, y i s n \\' P 99 I 4 4 9 },'. r /, 6a 6 4 .g N-y, a 4.- f,-' 12~ c,* q.j - 4. O st . f i.) ':' a u i a... -n -,-y---,,- yr.-,.-- _<_ -, -..... - _ _, _ - ~.. - -.., -,, I}}