ML19290A092

TMI-2 SOP Z-63,Revision 2 to Provide Procedures for Maintaining RCS Pressurizer Solid,Drawing Bubble & Performing Solid Pressurizer Operation

ML19290A092
Person / Time
Site:	Crane
Issue date:	05/22/1979
From:	Mehler B METROPOLITAN EDISON CO.
To:
References
TM-0960, TM-960, NUDOCS 7910010488
Download: ML19290A092 (13)

Text

7 TMI DOCUMDrrS M -O.% 0 DOCUMENI NO:

COPY MADE ON OF DOCUMENT PROVIDED BY METROPOLIT.AN EDISON COMPANY.:

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AP 1001 Three AEle Idand Nuclear Statio SIDE 1 ure 1001-8 Special Operating Procsdure U P No. 2 ~S 3 (From sop Lag ine )

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3. Attach procedure to this form written according to the following fortrot. '

A. Limitationsand Precautions

1. Nuclear Safety

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2. EnvironmentalSafety

3. PersonnelSafety 4.

Equipment Protection B.

Prerequisites C.

Procedure 4

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- (a) SDP will be cancelled by incorporation into existing or new permanent

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'(b) SOPis not valid after '

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(a) is the procedure Nuclear Safety Related?

YesO No O If "yes", complete Nuclear Safety Evaluation.

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(b) Does the procedure affeet Environmental P io 7

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YesO NoO (c) Does the yocedure affset radiation expo re NOTE: If.4.a.ww

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Z-63, Rev. 2 5/22/79 e

SOLID PIANT OPERATIONS..,

1.0 PURPOSE 1.1 To provide a method for taking the RCS pressurizer solid 1.2 To provide: a method for drawing a bubble 1.3 To provide a method for solid pressurizer operation

2.0 REFERENCES

2.1 EP-S Loss of Letdown 2.2 EP-21 Total Loss of Pressurizer Level Indication 2.3.

EP-34 Loss of Natural Circulation

'2.4 B&W Transmittal'dW248 of 4/13/79 2.5 EP-Y Loss of Makeun 2.6 Z-39 Natural Circulation Operation 2.7 EP-12 Loss of Instrumentation for ERCS Pressure e

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3.0 PRECAUTIONS AND LIMITS 3.1 This procedure temporarily precludes performance of EP-21.

~

9 3.2 Carefully monitor pressurizer pressure while raising level. ~ While a pressure surge may be experienced due to bubble compression (especially at excessive fill rates), a sharp rise in pressure above saturation pressure of about 100 to 200 psi will be an indication of being solid.' When solid, pressurizer pressare will change by approximately 33 psi for every 10 gallons added to the RCS.

/

3.3 Monitor temperature indication downstream of primary pressure relief valves prior to raising level and following solid condition to determine if any significant change in leakage has been made as a result of going solid.

3.4 Closely monitor the natural circulation data collected for RCS parameters to ensure criteria established for satisfactory natural circulation continues to be met. '(Refer to Referance 2.6.)

3.5 Carefully monitor pressure while heaters are energized when solid.

(Refer to Reference 2.7 upon the loss of pressure indicator.)

3.6 Closely monitor Makeup Tank pressure and Auxiliary Building. Ventilation radiation monitors. Reduce letdown flow if Makeup Tank pressure exceeds 2 prig or a noticeable rise in activity levels is determined on the radiation monitor. Comply with, t'he Makeup ' Tank addition rates established by J. G. Herbein.

NOTE: The response of the radiation monitor to an increase in Makeup Tank

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Room activity will be delayed.

3.7 Observe the NDTT limits'of Figure 2.

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Z-63, Rev. 2 5/22/79 jT Page TVo

.NE df

f RCS pressure rises above the Safety Features Actuation System reset ddi,3 y

point, a limited Safety Injection Actuation could be initiated when

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pressure is again reduced.

1. ,yf' 3,9 Utilize the pressure indication on the pen recorder as the prime

1. f controlling pressure-indication to establish the control band.

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'4.0 PREREOUISITES

.5 47-4.1 Initial Conditions 4.1.1 RCS pressure control in manual with pressurizer heaters operating.

4.1.2 Natural circulation on OTSG "A" or "B" or both.

4.1. 3 - Best estimated pressurizer level >100.

4.1.4 Eigh Pressure Safety Injection System components shall be defeated such that automatic or manual initiation is not possible (with ex eption of running makeup pump). Initiation may violate NDTT limits.or cause other RCS pressure boundary f ailures.

r-4.1.5 Low Pressure Safety Injection System shall be available for automatic or manual actuation to prevent total depressurization

(}g accidents.

4.1.6 MU-V8 aligned to MU Tank.

5.0 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT 5.1 None I

6.0 METHOD 6.1 Taking Pressurizer Solid NOTE:

The pressurizer fill rate of about one inch ~of MU Tank level every three minutes is selected to utilize approximately 500 KW of i

pressurizer heaters for the 10 gpm if added to the pressurizer.

Fill rates should not exceed about 15 gpm to preserve an adequate i

heater reserve to control pressurizer temperature.. (E21s.is for information only and not to be used as a limit.).

NOTE:

If an overpressure condition is experienced, atte=pt to lower pressure by:

1.

Closing MU-V-17 and MU-V-18 to isolate normal makeup, and if necessary;

{g 2.

Opening MU-V-5 to increase letdown, and if necessary; 2221 212

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2-63, Rev. 2

.k-5/22/79 yr # 5

. Page Three y*

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3.

Closing MU-V-32 and MU-V-378 to isolate RCP seal injection,

..t. n and if necessary;

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4.Jf pressure rises to within 500 psig of the maximum allowed pressure per NDTT curve (Figure 2), consider operation of

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RC-V-137 'at 'the ' direction of the shif t supervisor.

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6.1.1. Establish makeup tank trace at 5015 inches by adjusting letdown

.F flow as necessary to achieve a constant level.

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6.1.2 Complete Table A on attached data sheet 1.

6.1.3 Utilizing the combination of MU-V-17 and V-18 and/or MU-V5, slowly raise pressurizar level while reducing Makeup tank level at the rate of about one inch every three minutes. Operate. pressurizer heaters as follows:

A.

Initially leave control group.as is at beginning of test.

(Expect initial pressure rise approximately 15 psi /hr.)

B.

When pressurizer pressure begins to decrease (drops 5 psi below highest previous pressure), energize backup heater bank.

C.

Use the pressurizer heaters to maintain pressure within i 25 psi of the saturation pressure corresponding to the initial pressurizer temperature, g

D.

Monitor and control the terperature' of the pressurizer within a control band between the initial pressurizer temperature at which it was at prior to filling and 10' below that. tempera-ture (i.e., T initial +0

).

-10 F NOTE: If it is impossible to maintain this temperature with ^

all heaters energized, reduce the rate at which the pressurizer is being filled until this criteria can be

- met.

If not possible to maintain temperature within

.10*F of~ its initial temperature, raise' pressurizer level in a series of small step changes allowing pressurizer temperature to return to within 10*F. Figure 1 is a typical acceptable operating range.

. g 6.1.4 When MU tank.le.si reaches approximately 30",' secure raising pressurizer level.

6.125. Refill the MU tank from the degassed cource with appropriate boron

. addition to 50" in the.MU tank.

6.1.6 _ Monitor pressurizer temperature. Ensure it is within 10*F of the initial temperat"re. Complete Table B on data isheet 1.

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1. 6 5/22/79 E[*

Page Four s;;, -

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s teps 6.1.3 - 6.1.4 until plant is solid. Indication of

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..olid plant is when pressure increases rapidly approximately 100 S

to 200 psi above the saturation pressure corresponding to the 49-initial pressurizer temperature. Compare with pressures recorded in Table A on data, sheet 1.

See Precaution 3.9;.

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6.1.7.1 Maintain pressdre.b_etween '100 and,200 psi. above.the ;,; p.,g.,*,,

p saturation pressure correliiponding t'o' the-initial

.,7 ' 1 pressurizer ten:perature recorded in Table A'by adjusting makeup and letdown for a minimum of two

.S

• hours af ter reaching a sclid condition.

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- increases approximately 100 to 200 psi above NOTE: When first taken solid (i.e., pressure sharply

- initial pressure), the Pressurizer may contain a superheated, highly compressed steam bubble.

W = bubble will'act as an ideal gas while superheated and will slowly (possibly over several hours) collapse due'to cooling through ambient losses.and leakage. This shrinkage will

.be seen as an abnormally large amount of makeup f.,

required to ; maintain. pressure.

-NOTE: For every 10 gallons added to the RCS,' pressure

. should increase by 33 psig.,

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'6.1.7.2 ' Maintain pressurizer temperature 'in a band of plus-0*

to minus 10* of the initial pressurizer temperature recorded in Table A.

6.1.7.3 If makeup tank level exceeds.50.", divert to letdown the flow to.the R.C. Bleed. Tank at the'di'ection of the shift r

Iowermakeuptank'tobelow50"andrealign.j.j,~,[

' supervisor.

MD-V8 to the makeup tank.

V-6.1.7.4 Tollowing the hold period specified in 6.1.7.1, slowly

. reduce pressure to 100 Q'25) psi above the saturation pressure corresponding to the initial pressurizer temp-

.erature by' carefully increasing letdown flow.

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6.1.8 If it is~ desired to draw a' bubble, go.co step 6.2.

kf'it is desired to remain solid, go;to step 6.3.

6.2, Drawing a Bubble in the. Pressurizer *

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6.2.1 Operate pressurizer heaters as necessary.to establish th'e^ bulk fluid temperature in 'the pressurizer at the saturati.on temperature for: the ordered pressure when the b'ubble is drawn.. Maintain this temperature

+ 5*F for at.least four hours prior 't'o drawing, bubble.

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' *The ordered pressure will be spe'cified by R. 'C.. Arnold or J. G. Herbein '

g prior to initiation 1of this. proc ~e' dure.

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6.2.2 While establishing. pressurizer 'te=perature, maintain pressure h

constant at 100 (1 25) psi above the desired pressure when the bubble is drawn by varying letdown flow to the M/U Tank.

NOTE: During this period, makeup from the.makeu' p tank may be

'.Fequiredto cdepensate"foi" leakage. 'If.'po'ssible, MU P*i't". ' 'l.T.'

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tank level should be maintained.in.the: low'end"of,its....;j.

control band (approrfmtely 30") tio~ provide,'* sufficient [' * $"

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capacity to receive the flow from the pressurizer when'

.the bubble is drawn.

6.2.3 If level is greater than 50" in the Makeup Tank af ter the

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E stabilization period (Step 6.2.1 is cot:plete,' divert letdown at the direction of the shift ' upsrvisor to the R.C. Bleed Tank s

.i and makeup f' rom the Makeup Tank to the Pressurizer as necessary

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to maintain pressure (compensating for leakage) until makeup tank level is less than.50".

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6.2.4 Place both Wasta Gas Compressors in manual run id:mediai:ely prior to coc:mencing drawing the bubble.

(This. ensures maximum venting]

capacity to Makeup Tank to preclude spurious release:during

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~ ^~7N,. a maximum letdown flow condition.)

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6.2.5 Verify Makeup Tank leve1~is less than 50".and stabilized at a

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- constant level. Complete ' Table C on data sheet 1.

~f a-6.2.6 Check MD-V-8 aligned to the M/U Tank and not 'to the Bleed Tank.

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6.2.7 Energize pressurizer ~'hesters to maintain pressurizer t'empetature f ~' ' f,t.'.I i S*F at the saturation ten:perature corresponding to ' the ordered pressure.

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~;.'.:.,,.,'3 Increase. letdown to reduce RCS pressure to. tite saturation pressure ;',fyl',*.5 6.2.8

.for the temperature established in the.pressurizerMimit the

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pressure decrease to <5 psi / min.4'" -

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-.1 v-NOTE: As pressure decreases, MU-V5 must be. opened ~ further to -

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maintain the rate'of pressure decrease.

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6.2.9 Indication that.a bubble has been formed will inc1'ude a stabiliza tion of the pressure while continuing to letdown to the makeup tank., 'i ]

Mark the makeup tank level' trace at the point where p'ressure has

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been stabilized. Complete Table D.

Return to normal pressure con-trol using pressurizer heaters.to maintain 'a band 'as specified by * --

the shif. t supervisor..

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e 6.'2.10 Closely monitor Makeup Tank pressure and Auxiliary Building'Ventila- )y, "j tion room radiation monitors. " Reduce letdown if. tank pressure.. ;.,..w.u,.,,.}. d exceeds 2 psig. or a noticeable' rise in activity level,is. determined. 4.'"._.. i on the radiation monitors.'

If letdown flow 'must be reduced;radjust

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pressurizer heater input.to maintain pressurizer.R'tD at the~ desired f_i 2

temperature + 5*2. w

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' '5/22/79 Page Six s

8'#

6.2.11 It is idended to draw a total of approximately.20 inches of 8

Makeup Tank level from the pressurizer. When 20 inches of Makeup

.f,

Tank level increase have been observed,- adjust makeup and letdown

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to stabilize makeup tank level at a constant'value.. Also,. secp.

".. m bubble if either:

drawing ths

' A noticeable.....?.N...'.;*. : ~-:. s.'*<W2. [.*.$..Q '"..f&.,.

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. increase in make'up,, tank. level is not observed ',:;(.....~$. g,.J s

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' within 10 minutesof increaking,' letdown flow per.,,tep 6.2.7.

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This is an indication of an improper valve lineup,'instrumen-tation failure or loss of letdown. Go to EP-5 to restore let.down flow or:

B.

Pressurizer pressure is reduced to 50 psi below the ordered pressure.. When pressure control'has been re-established to

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witMn 50 psi. of ordered. pressure, complete the drawing of the bubble as noted above.,

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6.2.12 Stabilize Mak'e'up Tank level. Operate' pressurizer heaters as

necessary to maintain ordered pressure + 25 psi.. Complete Table E.

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. follows: g @g'g. i_"l.:, _..

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6.2.13 Determine. estimated pressurizer level'.as,.

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w'-

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' Compare ~ Tables C, D and E.

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From the Makeup Tank trace determine the number ~of inches added'

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to the makeup tank before t.he bubble was formed.

(Use mark made~.

h in step 6.2.9 above to determine when bubble was formed.), [. 7.J fy,,... [

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T'/ Ot. w.r Iaak ATime (min )

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') + (.042)-(Rate I Since Bubble)

LPzr = 429-1.227 K* (aL MUT

- Total.. he ore '

,,,4.,,;(gpm)'Formationwas

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..See. Data. Sheet 2'for T

• K varies with pressurizer. SAT temperature.

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values...

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16.2.14 Return to EP-21, substit' ting the level. calculated above for y 4.o.... l. :

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Pzr'I'0F. ~Re-establish,new TOF values in EP-21 for TPzr, Tay,

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.l' Lgg;.and from,]able'E.

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6.2.15 Plot pressurizer level and recommence EP-21 tracking method.

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NOTE: The fina' level'in'the r.essurizer may be above the control 7

-band of EP-21.. At' the direction:of tha shif t supervisor.

. reduce the level of the pressurizer.to within the contro)..,,,. Cl',.'

" level.down or if 'sufficie..nt v.g.lume re

.o.

..' band'by. either~ allowing system leakage -to gradually br'.ng

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m.t,. :..J..,...,,.ng. (

m

.f to -the makeup tank

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.s Z-63, Rev. 2 5/22/79

_'Page Seven

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6.3 Solid Pressurizer Operation gg During solid pressurizer operation, the pressurizer pressure shall be maintained at least.100, Q.25) psi above the lowest approved pressure *

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-for op/eration with a steam bubble.

c";W y.-fn.?.)n.m y 7 Q =?. M 2..q; 6 *1*p~f G :. c

. p.~.m y ;,3vy.n;.w.

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. Maintain pressure by'ie~at 100 Q'25) ' psi' ab~ove['tha' satura 6.3.

'i flow. ' Control' p ressu 1,.i_

'y pressure corresponding to initial"piessurizer' temperature.~ Use ~ " '" ' p' t MU-V-5 to con.trel letdown flow.

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+.

NOTE: This procedure will reduce letdovn flow to a minimum.... y, -

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' Ensure incermediate cooling is secured to letdown coolers G..

F prior ' to. reducing flow to prevent precipitation. Do no't.n.

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exceed 150*F in the Makeup Tank.

.If' letdown is lost, go 4

to EP Loss of letdown. 1-.'

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6.3.2. Maintain pressurizer temperature: (All three must 'be met)

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. 1..At the saturation te=perature' corresponding't'o E p.u_. M [ '. N ressdre at. T,*

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.least.100 psi above' saturation" pressure for~th'e third' hottest" MEA"

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in-core thermo~c6uple., ~~.N...,

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. ;~d:^5'I I 2221J . - At least 50*F greater than the highest T

• U' 188"*

8:d H pressurizer remains the hottest place in the RCS.)

9.M, l* W,.;,..;

...a '.. ',, -. ~ ^. -..p. x. - ~;-.'....:.;.u.,, At 1' east: -20*F below '.the'~ saturation ~ temperature correspofidin ~ 7, ~,... j. 3. to.the pressurizer pressure '(to p revent inaditertent' reforming'."...'>~v~,..^,,A ~ ~ f the ~ bubble...:..+,.. ... o..'.n..=.. s.,. - ". ?. '.*...,".*.E 'w w H..W.. A...,..9.,.. ac~ o .-..s..,g.

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.>.g...- ave, RCS pressure willg,i.,.a,, m. .s.u.... ,,s. g, ~ NOTES: 1. For~every.1*F c.hnnge' in T app rorim= tel,,y.110 ;psig. .l.o.y.,&c.~. >he .gg". i ~...+.inc r,eas. e._' by '.3 .4 , py,yp g. t.gg s- _;...e.

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j r.. ~. %,,,..,fgy. 33 x,,;,...e..,. W.A.* < s. ,..Qs, 3, _,%,1 k;-C #,; T 'M_ "" { Foc every 10 gallons added;tio the RCS ~~ pre'ssure W@ " f.' d.m., should change by approximately 33 psig... -m. -a

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w. ;,,,s...

? '.;.7. J'.. c,'2.:'If' low level. in the'. Pre'ssurizer cadses Lo'ss of ' "g... v-r. m..s s

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~"1.~.'C1 'Nacural. Circulation, go.to EP-34 Ioss 'of -.. t [ EF. % ' .,se - Circul.ation.

J.~ -j;t M W ';* C i - - 1. 4.~.,..n..+/; 1 ".~ r N.i

, n.' ~.y g.. f,, ' V b u.s W,."' ; * ** - ' t '. *. ~ ;. -1.S, - - 4'.a*. ; ',1 y ;* s.,,,,,,, g,..

,6'.3.3. Hourly, monitor. the RTD's' en the o~utlet of the Pressurizer relief,

, g-.. a.. r ) (.. J ,....(f -;;' - :,;,.,c 4%.. rM,, *. v g, ,,l. valves. (computer" points 402, 403 and 404). A 10 degree 'increas e'. ~..~.e..~.i p .in any one of these' tem'eratures 1s indication of a change in n. 'g

• ;1eakage rate;through.these.valvesif.New leakage calculations sill i

loss of,J.[.,'J 2 6.3. 4 ' Every.1/21.h'our,'W~re,.4.:,,,.,w, on. -. w.nna.%rc-M *w. A. <.be needed. co' d . Pressurizer level'.Indicati '.'.<1**-?

• WPW '? b 1M L

3'6

. a.. ..,...>. a. r .p e w p ~. xL wc;!,.:p~ Ns "- : q..:.:.W er.c -:,..:w:nt.:. 8,. W A cord the data'11st'ed in'Pnz: .~ . - -wam*R/.:q(.aa ..g.,u pgS;..ry;g, y,.w.d@g.,gtg.g5,'*:,.Y.' Table F on data sheet'2.. .. gq,- ui Every 4 ' hours,~' perform.a. mass balance on the' system to' determine.if ed.-;g.., 6.3.5 any change' in leaka'ge inte 'canbe 'detecte'd. '" Utilize ~eduation' T on'.M't.d;e-

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- Y. ... a q.-, n,, n a,. w..:.g. p. m. x.~g jg,g]py b. D.,,... data sheet _2. a is secured,.. g.go to EP.'-9.gg>a..L

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J DATA SHEET 1 Z-63 5/7/79 Rev.1 ~ ej 7 TABLE TABLE.) TARIF E Time i Tima Na I i i Tc loon A Tc Te i } I Th innn A Th Th t 2 ..,+_.-i.. ~... +'i=_.z rw... _ p?" '. L--. u J ..,s x... 9.+ .,.,,.,. ~ - , + - }1 , w.

• _ l-Pzr: Temp =.

. - m.. -ZZ[ piryesn'.'t + _ 7N - Pzr Ts'mp - - ' ".c * ? 5* s MUT level MUT level MUT level l RCS cress 400 RCS press 400' RCS press 400, ~ e 'RCSoress-Na RCS press RCS press ~398 l (Pen) RCS oress RCS press (Pen. RCS press (Pen). I MUT oress I 14UT' ores s MUT press TABLE B TABLE C (j Time MUT LevelMUT Level P.zr RCS Time Before After Temp. Press Fill Fill Tc Th I Pzr temp I MUT level I . RCS press 400 .L FCS press 3G9 \\ RCS oress t' MUT press I[ ti Bank 1 On Off l ~ ~ ' Bank 2 On Off jL-t Bank 3 On Off Bank 4 t0n Off ' ~ ' ~~ y/ _ Rank 5 On Off I g de Srp T cnnt_ ,fj M NS Settino" g o 2221 218. - h .7, m

u n.3 -e..---.n.. s Z-63 5/7/79 Rev. 1 DATA SHEET 2 TABLE F 'i.?.'i?S~!'2.&[I@ ' Y ;~ - ' ' ^2 3 *-:=::I 0.~@ 6 ~ ^ y Totalizer 5 :;i--.

• ~

~1Tave - " *:.74 T I@ 2 ; i T ' T. g W. - U MUT During A TcA Th (Tc + Th) Temp. A Time Level Period 2 Pzr. EMUT " Inches ~ AT0F = Gallons AT zr " p o.F AT ve " a 0F At = Min. Pzr. I K 200 .850_ 300 .875 400 .897 500 916 600 935 700 .951 800 970 900 986 1000 1 1 Eq. 1: Leak Rate = 24 gal./in. (-(1.227)KALMUT +(.0398)K A + (.287)KATpzr + (1.5)ATave) Leak Rate = 24 gal./in.(-(1.25h)K +(.0398)K +(.287)K +(1.5) ) INSTRUCTIONS: Determine A's between each 4 hour interval. Be sure to add all additions (A) listed for each interval. Draw a line under the data used calculation. 2221 219 + 6 .. ~.. _.

4 ). 4_... -... m.....z._ ~ . R '"* ..e V 'Tijescas. Open-hh And. .. Fat ase tairH E-G.3 Sec:r: 6I 1 % o CPuArrons ranLtica ru , E. e t ..,.i.. .a.... v... ........i..-...u... _.. c -; ... ~ g;.- y c .i-tn ce i ~ . i 3 ... -... 3 p. m QL g [en _7" oft s gY 'tf ~ Acc.ern&.E g/ / 4 Ces.aAwx- /( P,1 0 3og,n D 12 .... D p jfp.- Bauo wius Fuu%,1 p /f, u cl .o N g 5 i (~ _ =.. _.,.... _.. 6 8 1 J _ 2.s Ps1 - __.__p..t._M. m.m.t __.Tr.S Pit + 75 Psi + 12.s, _1. 2co f'st..._..__.. _, s p .._........ M, [ red 5ur E _..... ..-... s i e i i 1 .. a. t ......_-..I. p ut ~ i h}.2 Z-63 ~5/22/79 Rev.2 ]. 7

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• F I

~( Tc } ~ RC Cold leq T E M P. .1 To compensate for instru=ent error, stay 50 psi below the pressure limits of the envelope. ALLOVABLE OPERATING ENVE! 0PE FOR !!T.AfTCR E3SUL HDT L! HIT 3 g sD y i Q eb/adr. s-M 9 erepare=r er Q nev w br d-8 La._ s-3-7(- O n.m n %Lu AMhw ' j c. ..s = _ g 13tF8 l 222t 221 .i j) Z-63 5/7/79 Rev. I

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v. aa~. .+ '{-63 5/7/79 Rev. 1 8'. \\- DATA SHEET 2 TABLE F 47) Tt r Tave MUT During A TcA Th (Tc + N Temp. A Time level Period 2 Pzr. AI.MUT " Incnes - ATOF = Gallons ATpzr " CF 6Tave

• OF 4

at = Min. Pzr. I K s i 200 REO g - 300 _P74 400 .897 500, .916 = 600 .935 700 .951 800 .970 000 .986 . 1000 l 1 Eq. 1: Leak Rate = 24 gal./in. (-(1.227)K4LMUT +(.0398)K A + (.287)KaTpzr + (1.5)aTave) Leak Rate = 24 gal./in.(-(1.227)K +(.0398)K +(.287)K +(1.5) ) INSTRUCTIOilS: Determine A's between each 4 hour interval. Be sure to add all additions (A) listed for each interval. Draw a line up:!er the data used calculation. s-A C, 2221 223 +. ~ ' '.: 1-: 3 ^ .. _ c),;., & _ .'Ty.* :, k nh ~ * "K~  ? D:.,3.+.M 'di:-T*. '.*: . ;$;'Q: 'c-}. .J h. ~ ' ~ * .~,:.p: .. * ' ? W i' 7 Q C 0 Q" = t' , " '. -L. l.L* K.*Y ~ ~,.. s. <.. - >.1 ~ =m O g.. _... ~~-'T"? ~ ' " - ^ i ~ _ _ _ _}}