ML19264A234
| ML19264A234 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Trojan File:Portland General Electric icon.png |
| Issue date: | 07/01/1980 |
| From: | FOUNDATION SCIENCES, INC. |
| To: | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML19264A235 | List: |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 8007170568 | |
| Download: ML19264A234 (24) | |
Text
'I h a's N
MOUtiT ST. HELEtiS BI-WEEKLY REPORT 2 JUNE THROUGH 15 JUtiE 1980 Presented To:
4 PORTLAf1D GEfiERAL ELECTRIC C0.
Portland, Oregon Presented By:
FOUf1DATI0ft SCIEfiCES, IfiC.
Portland, Oregon June, 1980 8007170
Introduction This report summarizes the data available to FSI from 2 June 1980 to 15 June 1980.
It includes a precis of U.S. Geological Survey and University of Washington daily updates, University of Washing-ton daily lists of seismic activity (Table 1 and Figure 1), William Melson's current chemical analyses of the Mount St. Helens' ash and pumice ( Appendix A, Melson's Tables 1 and 2A), continuing studies of Mount St. Helens volcano activity, guidelines used by FSI's workers at the Volcano Comand Center (Appendix B), and ash thick-ness information from the 25 May 1980 and 12 June 1980 eruptions (Plate 1).
Summary of U.S. Geological Survey and University of Washington Daily Updates No updates were issued by the USGS on 3 June, 6 June, or 7 June 1980 because no significant changes occurred a'. Mount St.
Helens.
Eruptive Activity Mount St. Helens remained relatively quiet from 28 May 1980 through 11 June 1980.
A column of condensed steam from vents within the crater rose to between 10,000 and 15,000 feet almost constantly.
Varying amounts of ash were emitted, but no significant amounts fell outside of the crater.
On 12 June 1980, a major eruption occurred.
It began shortly after 19:00 wich an eruptive column that was tracked on the Port-land weather radar to a height of 37,000 feet at about 19:10.
The intensity increased abraptly at 21:10 with the eruptive column rising rapidly to a height of 50,000 feet.
Lightning accompanied the boiling column, occurring sporadically throughout the evening.
The plume was down to 10,000 feet by 05:19 on 13 June 1980.
The eruptive activity returned to its relatively quiet state on 13 June 1980.
The plume continued to rise constantly to between
10,000 and 15,000 feet and emitted a small amount of ash, with fallout confined mainly to the crater.
Other Emissions A phreatic vent near Spirit Lake, north of Mount St. Helens crater, was active sporadically throughout the last two weeks, 2 June through 15 June 1980.
This vent emitted a steam plume mixed with small amounts of ash; the plume is believed to be a result of the interaction of groundwater with hot debris of the large pyro-clastic flow covering the area.
The volcano emitted a fairly constant level of sulfur dioxide, 150 *n 250 metric tons per day.
This level is 10 to 30 times more tha. emissions reported before the 18 May eruption.
People both on the ground and in the air reported smelling sulfurous fumes as far away as Packwood, Washington and Portland, Oregon.
Ash Fall Distribution The eruptive activity at Mount St. Helens was relatively quiet 2 June through 11 June 1980 with only a small amount of ash in the eruptive column.
The USGS reported that ash fell to the 6500 foot level on the east-southeast side of the volcano on 2 June 1980.
A small amount fell on Spirit Lake on 6 June 1980; however, most of the ash emitted from 2 June through 11 June fell back into the crater.
During the eruption of 12 June 1980, a substantial amount of ash drifted south-southwest (231 ).
Rocks the size of narbles were reported by the USGS to have fallen in Cougar, and ash the texture of coarse sand fell in Chelatchie.
No ash fell at Trout Lake; how-ever, there was an unconfirmed report of ash in Seattle.
The Med-ford radar station reported that, by 09:55, 13 June 1980, the ash cloud from the eruption covered an area from the crest of the Cas-cades, on the east, to 50 to 100 miles out to sea, on the west; and from Salem, on the north, to Crater Lake, on the south (the limits of radar coverage north and south).
Plate 1 shows thickness and distribution of ash as determined by FSI field personnel. Details of the ash fall will be discussed further in a subsequent report.
Ashfall was reported on 13 June 1980 at 10:48 at Paradise Creek Campground (T5N, R7E); however, by 16:47 the ashfall was confined to the crater and Spirit Lake.
On 14 June 1980, a small amount of ash drifted south-southwest.
Les level winds on 15 June carried ash just north of west, but ash-fall was confined to the crater.
Mudflows and Pyroclastic Flows On 15 June aerial observers reported that mudflows on Mount St. Helens showed further water seepage and melting effects.
How-ever, there were no new mudflows reported from 2 June through 15 June 1980.
The USGS reported that pyroclastic flows of pumice and ash were emitted from the crater during the 12 June eruption, travelling down the northeast slope toward Spirit Lake.
One lobe stopped only 20 meters away from the lake.
The flow was 2 to 10 meters thick with temperatures as high as 600 C.
Seismic Activity The seismic activity at Mount St. Helens remained quite low from 2 June through 11 June 1980 (see summary, Table 1).
No earth-quakes of magnitude greater than 3.0 were reported.
The level of harmonic tremors varied, with a slight increase reported in the early morning of 3 June 1980 and no tremors reported on 8 June, 9 June, 10 June and 11 June.
Weak harmonic tremors began on the af ternoon of 12 June and con-tinued to increase until 20:10 when the trenors almost stopped (Ta-ble 1).
A "large" seismic event (magnitude 3.2 reported by KYXI radio in Clackamas, Oregon) occurred at 21:10 and accompanied the rapid increase in eruptive activity.
A magnitude for the large event, however, has not yet been calculated by the University of
Table 1 UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON EARTHQUAKE LIST Earthquakes Eurthquakes Largest Harmonic. Tremors, Seismic Date 2L 1.0 2 2.0 Event and Time Noise and Comments 6/2 4
2 2.1; 02:56 and 18:44 Avalanche, duration 40 07:02 6/3 1
1.7; 21:06 02:09 Large burst like shal-low event or avalancho, duration 90 6/4 No seismic activity 6/5 No seismic activity 6/6 1
1.8; 13:12 6/7 07:43 Low frequency avalanche like event lasting 80 sec-onds 6/8 2
1.3; 01:01 and 08:13 Very low frequency lo-15:15 cal event lasting 60 seconds 09:34 Avalanche? lasting 40 seconds 10:41 Avalanche? lasting 90 seconds 16:50 Avalanche? lasting 70 seconds 16:50 Smali avalanches at day 161 22:45, 22:56, 23:31 18:04 Avalanche? lasting 140 seconds 6/10 3
2 2.1; 00:1 ind 05:00 Small avalanches at 01:58, 21:07 06:27, 07:13, 11:51, 12:00 08:20 Avalanche? lasting 70 seconds 10:13 Avalanche? lasting 50 seconds
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON EARTHQUAKE LIST (continued)
Earthquakes Earthquakes Largest Harmonic Tremors, Seismic Date 21.0 2 2.0 Event and Time Noise and Comments 6/11 3
1.4; 00:31, 08:00 Small avalanches from 19:36 and 19:48 time to time 17:37 Avalanche? lasting 90 seconds 22:15 Avalanche? lasting 70 seconds 6/12 10:47 Big teleseism 11:00 Increasing number of small avalanches of type B events 16:00 Tremor and type B events increase 18:45 Tremor increases rapidly 19:30 Frequency content of tremor increase ( 4 Hz) 20:10 Tremor almost quits 21:10 Large event (clipped at SHW for 5 minutes) re-ported eruption 23:00 Small high frequency (deep?) events begin 6/13 12 1
2.0; 06:38 14:35 Near regional event coda = 90 17:00 Several small type B or avalanches over next 10 hours1.157407e-4 days <br />0.00278 hours <br />1.653439e-5 weeks <br />3.805e-6 months <br /> 6/14 08:26 Noise burst like many avalanches lasting 4 minutes 12:30 4 minute period of low tremor (5mm) 6/15 1
1.2; C1:25 12:25 Avalanche? lasting 90 seconds
l/
SUMMARY
OF EARHTQUAKE ACTIVITY-MOUNT ST. HELENS 20 MARCH TO 15 JUNE,1980 FIGURE 1 LEGEND EARTHQUAKES PER DAY WITH MAGNITUDES 2. 3.0 EARTHQUAKES PER DAY WITH HAGNITUDES 2. 4.0 MAXIMUM MAGNITUDE PER DAY I
~
li i
I I
t 9
o o
o o
MAGNITUDE (RICHTER SCAtE)
A A.
4 8
8
}
O o
a
\\
- ?
n,,.
m r.-
e x
~~ o o
.e.
n oac o Wee x-
<n
<w x
=,3
- ~
El S o,
<m z-MAJOR ASH ERUPTION.
'?3 25 MAY 1980
..ic.'..,..--
~ ' ~
-m9
~ * ~ ~...... - -............ -
-t c'.. s.. d e -
, / e.
,=g-
~.....,,
/ ~-
.. r-e
\\
o
~. ~, -
w
=
f..,
r o
A.......
=
og p
...*y W
e
>=
OC
/
(
a
.a
./*..
4" o
~~= n eo P
W y
g n
ac A
e, O
f..'~
m.
en H w
y N
>= M i
M
(#
o, N
>~
3 ee
=
W m
e we
=
e 2
Eo
.N es o
_a g...
ge oc ac
-q
' />.
w
~w x..
=
a-o wo n >-
z u.
.7 u.
-4 am
.a a-
.o
%.. s >>.-
u_.
u dei s
'r
,o
=e
/
s-A 1
\\
-/
e>
eo
~~.%
r,s.r
.,, s *
g)
.m oo s -
/
t
=.#
s.
)
<e d.N
- s. *. 5 x.
oo 5 ",,
.a
~
m e
-e,""'.s.
FIRST ERUPT 10N '.
27 MARCH 1980.,_
~
.../
" " ~ - ~. ~...
i g
o i
1 1
i 1
N o
-e m
PER DAY o,
o o
o o
o o
e m
u
Small, high-frequency events began at 23:00, but infor-mation about the duration of these events is not available.
Seismic activity continued at a low level from 13 June through 15 June 1980.
Several avalanches from the crater walls were re-corded by the seismographs.
The USGS reported that there was no seismic activity associated with the emplacement of the dome that was first reported on 15 June 1980 (Figure 1).
Defomation Tilting of the south side of Mount St. Helens continued at a constant rate of about 1 microradian (approximately 60 millionths
[0.000006] of a degree) per day through 8 Jur.e 1980.
A low level of tilting was reported on 12 June 1980.
The USGS reported that the tilting was not a clear indicator of any particular internal condition of the volcano and was unlike the ' bulging of the north flank that preceded the 18 May eruption.
Good weather on 8 June 1980 permitted the USGS to re-establish their survey lines for measuring deformation of the volcano.
How-ever, their attempts to establish new gravity stations were unsuc-cessful due to continuing bad weather.
On 15 June 1980 the USGS reported the sighting of a dome within the summit crater on Mount St. Helens.
They reported that the dome was approximately 200 meters in diameter and 40 meters high with a blocky surface caused by cracking of the crust as it is cooled.
Steam and other gases were rising from the margins of the dome and a glow was visible at night in surface cracks.
The USGS stated that the dome " represents the cooled, largely degassed top of a column of magma rising from beneath the volcano."
Assessment of Geologic Hazards The USGS reported that the hazards from the volcano were not changed by the emplacement of the dome, even though the dome may
represent a less explosive phase in the volcanic sequence of Mount St. Helens.
The most dangerous area remains the north flank beneath the breach in the crater, as small explosive events, pyroclastic flows and mudflows could travel through this breach, an area of least resistance.
Mount St. Helens has historically had a geologic record of long-term eruptive episodes that included several phases of ex-plosive eruptions.
Therefore, the USGS stated that Mount St. Helens still holds the potential for highly explosive events of ash and pumice, as well as the possibility of future pyroclastic flows.
Continuing Studies of Mount St. Helens' Volcanic Activity by FSI Direct collection and analysis of field and laboratory data for the current eruptions of Mount St. Helens continued from 2 June through 15 June 1980.
Airfall tephra data being collected include the following:
composition of ash and pumice (Appendix A); rates of accumulation of ash; gradation; duration and thickness of ashfall for 18 May 1980, 25 May 1980 and 12 June 1980 tephras.
Compilation of seismic activity and deformation data continued.
Additional emphasis was placed on collection of data pertaining to the blast zone fron 18 May 1980 eruption and mud and pyroclastic flow hazards for the Lewis and Kalama Rivers.
i
I APPEtiDIX A
v
- t
{
W{
~-
J TABLE 1. EHX FUSION ANALYSES OF[SbME".ERbPTIVE; PRODUCTS Of HOUNT
_ SInNELERS_UOLCANQ,_W,_HEl.SONrSHIIHSONINte._ MAY-JUNE.19804
,ai 53 ',
NO.
SIO2 AL203 FEOT MGO CAO K20 NA20 TTO7 P205 SUN 5
3 1
63.36 18.17 4.14 1.00 4.94 1 22 4.35
.54
.14 98.74 2
43 15 18.91 3.44 1.75 5.66 1.20 4.1R
.48
.15 98.97 7
3 43.54 1R.06 4.02 1.R6 5.05 1.29 4.41
.57
.14 49.94 o
4 65.22 18.47 3.99 1.84 5.03 1.31 4.29
.5R
.15100.RR 5
64.41 18.49 4.34 1.73 4.77 1.11
~<. 7 '
.44 97 99.AH
')
4 43.08 18.91 3.95 1.78 4.44 1.15 4.04
.49
.1A 0 9. 91 _ ___
)
7 59.32 19.48 5.13 2.94 6.21 1.07 3.99 70
.1R 99.O?
A
~
AO.65 19.68
~4.47
~
~ 735~ ~ ~ ~6.05 T.35 Rt.2i ~
,An
- 'f 99. 'i7 ~~
2 9
59.23 19.53 5.OR 2.50 6.53 1.08 4.7R 77
. '1 09.91 10 62.11 17.43 5.02 2.50 5.45 1 21 3.99
.R?
.17 9R.70 11 64.97 14.RS ~ 3.90 ~~1.5K ~~4.47' 1 5R 4.49
.A1 19~ 9n.A7 - ~~
~
~
~
./
19 AM.R2 14.74 3.77 1.52 _ 4. 3 4_ _ 1._A O 4.?
Al 19 99-11
- 1. MAY 18 PlJMICE. KIENLE.
2.
MAY 1R PilM I CF. KIENLE.
3.
MAY 1R PilM T CF. Nnt.F.
~
'~~~~ ~ ~
'~
,y 4.
T-PilM TCF. HOP 90N. 737-1 5.
IlN PilHirF, KTFN!F.
- 6. Y PUNICF. NIENLE.
~~
7.
1780 DUI K TEPHRA. PRE-MAY 1R. MEl. SON R. MAY 18 BilLK 1FPHRA. KIENIE.
9.
MAY 1R. 1.OWER FTNFS. KIFNIF.
- 10. MAY 19 PUIK TFFHPA. IfPPEP FTNE9. KTFNIE.
- 11. HUlN TEPHRA. MAY 1R. FROM SPol:'ANF. FAGt f.
17 Bill K TEPHRA. BOISE-IDAHO. MAY 18-OFFRt1E Y h R.
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
>'j.
i
- 1 RESIDUALS FROM AVE PUt1 ICE-ALL VALUES NORMALIZED TO 100%:
64.07 18.59 3.91 1.85 5.2R 1.25 4.36
.54
.14 J
1 A4.17 18.40 4.19 1.90 5.00 1.74 4.41
.55
.14 1
.10
.19
.?8
.05
.?8
.01
.05
.01
.00 2
63.84 19.12 3.48 1.77 5.72 1.21 4.23
.4T
.15 2
.23
.53 43
.OR
.44
.04
.13 05
.01
_ 3.
44.?? 1R.?5 4.0A 1.RH 5.10 1.30 4.46
.58
.14 3
.15
.34
.15
.03
.18
.05
.10
.04
.00 u
4 64.65 18.31 3.96 1.82 4.99 1.30 4.25
.57
.15 4
.58
.?R
.05
.03
.29
.05
.11
.03
.01 5
44.A? 19.75 4.35 1.74 4.70 1.11 3.73
.A4
.?7
'i _
. 5'i
.1A
.14
.11
.49
.14
.AT ilo
,11 j
6 64.75 19.14 4.00 1.00 4.48 1.1A 4.08
.43 16 lI,
4
.68
.55
.09 65
.RO 0V
.?8
.11
.O?
_7__
._ 59.91 19.47 5.1n o.97 A.?7 1_.00 4.0T 71
.1R 7
4.16 -1.08 -1.27 -1.1?
.99
.17
.33
.17
.04
- 8. 1
_ 60.91 19.76 4.49 2.3A 6.0R 1.'4__4.25 _._.AR __.23_.
8 8
1.1A -1.17
. in
. 'i l
.Ho
.01 11
.14
.09 1
9 50.70 19.A0
- i. I '
9. 'i?
A.9R 1.09 4.31
.7R
.?1 9
4.37
-1 10 -1.'1
.A7 -1.30
.16
.05
.24
.07
(,
10 42.93 17.4A 5.09
'.53 5.5?
1.23 4.04
.83
.17 10 1.14
.93 -1.18
.68
.'4
.O?
.3?
.29
.03 i(
11 AS.RH 17.09 3.95 1.5R 4.51 1.60 4.S5
.A'
.19 11
-1.01 1.50
.04
.?7
.75
.35
.19
.08
.05 1
t, 12 A4.41 14.89 3.80 1.53 4.3R 1.A1 4.56
.6?
.19 j
12
-2 34 1.70
.11
.32 90
.3A
.?O
.OR
.05 I
i i
e
~~
m
3 TABLE 2A. ELECTRON MICROPROBE ANALYSES OF GLA SES IN MATRIX AND c - {*.
.__IN INCL,IIDED.LIN PHENOCRUTS. FRllPTIME_.ERQHilCJS_OF NQl.IlLT._.SJ.
l HELENS VOLCAND. W. MELSON..SMITHSONIAN_I., JllNE 1980.
-p l
~
(
,n h
NO.
SIO2___AL203_EE0T_tiGo Ce0 K20
~NA20 tin 2 P205' SLIM
' l, 1
72.62 14.29
?.11
.43
?.43
?.1A 4.49
.30
. on 99.10 2
71.9? 15.04 2.29
.58 2.65 2.04 4.46
.44
.10.99.52 3
71.57 14.49 2.43
.73 2.02 2.01 3.82
.36
.10 90.31 4
71.50 14.63 2.43
.39 2.43 2.00 3.84
.45
.o7 97.74 5
70.84 14.62 2.39
.59 2.75 2.06 4.27
.43
.09 98.03 6
70.80 14.46
?.41
.41 2 55 1.40 4.59
.7?
09 91.1A 7
70.78 14.73
?.49
.61
?.50 2.00 4.58
.39
.11 09.'9 8
67.90 14.50 2.25
.61 2.36 1.97 3.93
.32
.I1 91.99 9
67.89 13.58
?.35
.67 2.27 1.95 3.'?
.35
.15 99.14 10._.
A7.55 13.41
?.04 __.54_ '.13__1.HA 7' _. 31
_ _1 0_9 A. A A _. _ _
11 66.99 14.07
?.07
.62 2.44 1.87 3.3?
.30
.08 91.94 1?
~X6.61 1A.11
?.03
.53 3.A?
1.Al 4. 0 ".
.?H 07 74.91 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
.4?
?.19 1.no 2.44
.3'
.63 nq.no 14 65.3R 17.54 1.A1
.32 4.42 1.47 4.?3
.24
.00 9M.21 15
- 62. 55'~ 14. 49 1.HD
.4R 4.00 1.50 4.0?
.?7 41 4 1. I n ' '~
16 73.R2 12.5?
?.40
.64 1.04
'.4' 3.19 50 99 97.90 17 62.97 13.51 1.97
.61 1.83 1.R7 3.41
.34
.10 BA.At 18 47.03 14.26 1.98
.49 2.HO 1.83 4.14
.??
.19 9?.H4 19 70.18 14.42
?.54
.41
?.96
?.01
'4.A4
.39 15 94.no
.~.
?O 75.04 14.73 1.81
.4?
2.06 1.98 3.9A
.30
.04100.34 21 AA.70 14.1?
?.07
.7?
2.?S
?.01 9.46
.?4 04 99.49
~~-
d.
- 1. NATRIX GLASS. DACITE PUNICE. 1115230. MAY 18 EJCTA. KIENLE.
,,- - 2.~-SANE AS 1.~
- - '~~~
~ ~ ~ ~ ~
~ -~
~
- 5
- 3. SANE AS 1.
.j._
E Q
- 14. ; SANE = ~AS c 1..
~
og
- 5. SAME AS 1.
gr
- 6. SAME AS 1.
OIblX5EPHEA~0.~~HAV~18 PUlIICE d~S ABO'>E.
~~' ~
~,
~8.
P
~
~~
~
g :-
- 9. SAME AS 8.
~
'~
~
~
h t _.. _.__
~
~
g
- 12. SAME AS 8.
- 13. SAME AS 8.
- 54. SAME AS 8.
$/
- 15. SAME AS 8.
- 16. IN PLAG. AVE. OF 4.
- 17. IN PLAG.
93
- 18. IN PLAo.
1
- 19. TN HORNRIENDE.
'i
- 20. NATRIX GLASS T-PliMICE. 237-1. HOPSON.
$i
- 21. GLASS IN PLAG. T-Pl! MICE.
RESIDUALS FROM AVE PUNICE-ALL VAlllES NORMALI7ED TO 100%*
g 64.07 18.59 3.91 1.85 5.28 1.25 4.36
.54
.~ 14[
+-
e; 1
73.28 14.42 2.13
.43 2.45 2.18 4.72
.30 '. OB C~~ '.
~~:
1
-9.21 4.17 1.78 1.42 2 83
.93
.36;7.24 " ' ; Ob
'l ilS.
2 72.27 15.11 2.30
.58 2.66 2.05 4.48
.44
.10 (g
2
-8.20 3.48 1.61 1.27 2.62
.80
.12
.10
.04 3
72 79 14.74 2.47
.74 2.87 2.04 3.88
. 37 e.10g.. e g
3
-0.72 3.85 1.44 1.11 2.41
.79
.48
.17 M -. 0'4 ' -
-n v>
p 4
73.15 14.97 2.49
.40 9.49 2.05 3.93
.46
. 07 --
($
4
-9.08 3.62 1.42 1.45
?.79
.80
.43
.08
.07 5
72.26 14.91 2.44
.60 2 81 2.10 4.36
.44
.OG"-
g 5
-8.19 3.48 1.47 1.25 2.47
.85
.00
.10
". Ok
__]
6 72.72 14.85 2.48 4?
?.A?
I. 8'5 - ~ 4. 6 4
.33
.00
~
~~
g 6
-8.65 3.74 1 43 1.43 2.66
.60
.28
.21
.05 7
72.14 15.01 2.54
.62 2.55 2.04 4.67
_.33 111'
.n~
- c, g.
7
-0.07 3.58 1.37 1.23 2.73
.79
.317. 21. ~ 03 *C, :.F 8
72.27 15.43 2.39
.4%
2.51 2.10 4.18
.34
.12 g
8
-8.20 3.16 1.52 1.20 9.77
. 0 ".
.18
.20
.02._
9 73.45 14.69 2.54
.72 2.46 2.11 3.48
.3H
.16 1'
9
-9.38.
3.90 1.37 1.13 2.82
.86
.88
.16...02-M, 10 74.51 14.79 2.25
.60 2.35 2.05 3.00
.34
. 11 (D
10
-10.44 3.80 1.46 1.25 2.93
.80 1.36
.20
.03 11 72.85 15.30 2.25
.67 2.87 2.03 3.61
.33
.09 11
-8.78 3.29 1.66 1.18 2 41
.78
.75 21
.05
.. g.. __ _,9 ;, g
,, _y, g,
,--.3 9
, g,
()
1?
-6.11 1.42 1.77 1.29 1.47
.45 09
.24 07
t 13 74.38~15.31 2.17
.47 2.45 '2.07 ? ' 2. 7'5 -
. 36 '
.03 :
,= iT y ?!
~ 13 '
-10.31 3.28 1.74 1.30 2.83'
.82 1.61
.18
.11,
~ ~ 'rp
. W 4
fgg7-- fE4 2'~~ ~139
.M 4.64 W4DS 1
14
-4.60
.17 2.22 1.51
.64
.29
.08
.29
.14 a
15 68.60 18.04 2.06
.53 4.39 1.65 4.41
.30
-. 03
.pC
$ P, 15
-4.53
.55 1.85 1.32
.89
.40.
.oS
.24
.11-
". ~.v; :)-
,,L._.
~
7,5-~2.oo~~~2.37C39
. sit T27
~
e ";
16
-11.33 5.8o 1.25 1.2o 3.28 -1.12
.97
.o3
.o8 w
1 17 72.54~15.56~
2.27 ~~
.70 2.'11T 2.15 T4.16
.39
. 12
~
~
17
-8.47 3.03 1.64 1.15 3.17
.90
.20
.15
.02 g-
._..,g_
_ ~ 7 >.4 0- 15.
2.o
.53 3.o2 i.97 u8
.29
.13 (D
18
-8.13 3 23 1.89 1.32 2.26
.72
.12
. 2 'i
.01 19 73.10 15.O?
2.45
.43 7._35__2,.09 3.79
.4J el^
19
-9.03 3.57 1.26 1.42 2.93
.84
.57
.13
.O?
20 74.79 14.68 1.80
.42
?.05 1.97 3.95
.30
.o4 O
20
-10.72 3 91 9 11 1.43 3.23
.72
.41
.24
.10 21 74.20 15.23 2.23
.78 2.43
'2.17T1-2.65-n-3Al. 04 =3, r",w ~
~
~.'.9 2. - 1. 7 1
._,.r__-.287.._.,10-
.A e g
21
-1o.13 3.36 1.68
.1_. o7. 2.85 3
-1 i
i I
i I_
1 i
i i
l
0 APPENDIX B
VANC0UVER COMMAND CENTER FSI/PGE VOLCANO WATCH Purpose The volcano watch is intended to provide PGE with an up-to-date evaluation of continuing volcano activity at Mount St. Helens and the observed or potential effects of the activity on the sur-rounding region. The most important PGE facility in the surrounding region is the Trojan Plant. The volcano watch provides Trojan with reports on the volcano every four hours, or more often, should sig-nificant events occur which could have an impact on the Trojan plant, or might cause concern to the public about the operation of Trojan.
In other words, FSI informs PGE and the shift supervisor at Trojan of official news about the volcano as soon as possible.
The volcano watch also serves as a source of information for FSI's analysis of the long-and short-term hazards presented by the volcano.
This function, while subordinate to that of informing Trojan of moment-to-moment events, is very important.
Personnel The volcano watch is conducted by geologists familiar with volcanic activity who are capable of rapidly assessing incomplete and conflicting reports.
Trojan Reports Four-hour Reports At four-hour intervals, the volcano watch st'aff transmits a report on the status of the volcano and associated events by tele-phone to the Trojan Shift Supervisor.
The format of the report is shown on Table 2; phone numbers are shown on Table 1.
Observers should read several previous reports from the log prior to preparing these reports in order to note changes in the volcano's behavior and bring themselves up-to-date.
The four-hour reports should be com-iled from the various data sources shown on Table 1 and discussed
below. After compilation, the reports are to be entered in the FSI/PGE Volcano Watch Log and telephoned to tiie Trojan Shift Super-visor.
Situation Reports In the event of significant activity at the volcano, the fol-lowing personnel should be immediately notified, in the order shown
- 1) Trojan Shift Supervisor; 2) FSI (Kienle, Sidle, or Hamill); and
- 3) PGE (Halicki, Lamoreaux).
Examp!es of such activities include:
a major ash eruption; pyroclsatic flows; large mudflows; earthquakes of magnitude > 3.0; increased harmonic tremor activity; flooding.
A red PGE pickup truck parked in front of the building contains a radio link with PGE which is to be used in the event that phone communication with Trojan is not possible.
To use the radio, set it on Channel 4.
Depress button on microphone and call:
"PGE 1707 to Load Dispatcher".
Log Entries Plume Height: Use mean sea level (M.S.L.) elevations if pos-sible and if confirmed; if not, use report of height above summit.
Report which measurement you are using.
Time:
Time should be reported using 24-hour no-tation based on local time (Pacific Daylight or Pacific Standard Time).
For example:
8 am is 08:00 Midnight is 24:00 12:30 am is 00:30 Date:
Record date as follows:
Day of the month, month, year.
For example:
09 June 1980.
Organization Names:
Use abbreviations as shown on Table 1.
Chemical names:
Record chemical names using abbreviations.
For example:
H S Hydrogen sulfide 2
S0 3"If"" di *id" 2
Data Sources and Collecting The Trojan reports are the most significant product of the volcano watch; however, FSI's interpretation of the evolution of activity of the volcano is also very important.
Both of these efforts require up-to-date and complete data on the volcano and related phenomona.
The FSI observer should make every possible ef-fort while on shift to gather information and to ensure that FSI has all possible data. Data comes from a variety of sources, in-cluding the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), U.S. Forest Service (USFS),
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Weather Ser-vice (NWS), Pacific Power & Light (PP&L), University of Washington (U of W), and Portland State University (PSU). A list of sources is given on Table 1.
Normally, the USFS staff w'.ll provide FSI with three copies of the USGS/U of W updates, logs of radio transmissions, two daily NWS forecasts with high altitude winds, and a daily USFS weather forecast.
However, sometimes these items are not provided on a timely basis, and the FSI observer should remind the USFS of their c' mitment to provide them as they become available.
The most use-ful data are the radio logs because these are direct observations; it is particularly important to acquire them as soon as possible.
Other data, including the weather (forecast and observed), and V of W seismicity data should be acquired on a regular basis by telephone.
During an eruption, NWS radar information on plume height should be collected at frequent intervals. PSU seismic data is useful for larger (magnitt:de )_3.0) events and should be used to confirm U of W reports.
FEMA ic in the First National Bank Building near the USFS in Vancouver, and is also a useful source of data.
FSI has a file at FEMA, and the FEMA office should be visited at least once a day to collect file data; copies of these releases should be brought to FSI offices in Portland.
Telephone The FSI/PGE phone in the USFS office, (206) 694-4272, is pro-vided by the USFS and paid for by the federal avernment.
It is for conducting official business only. Keep calls short and to the point so that incoming calls are not impeded. A proper reception for incoming calls is to identify yourself as "PGE volcano watch, speaking".
Reporting to FSI FSI should be contacted after Trojan in the event of major activity.
Normally, reports to FSI (Hamill) should consist of the transmittal (by telecopier) of the USGS updates and the weather forecasts, as received.
FEMA data, copies of volcano logs, etc.
should be brought to the office at the end of graveyard shift.
On weekends, they can be put through the mail slot.
Reporting to PGE Copies of the daily USGS updates and the NWS weather forecast should be telecopied by Ray Halicki at PGE as soon as they are received from USFS.
References Geologists on duty at the volcano watch should be familiar with background information about Mount St. Helens and volcanology.
References available at the FSI/PGE desk in Vancouver and in the FSI Portland office may be read on duty.
A partial list of pertinent references follows.
REFERENCES U.S. Forest Service Contingency Plan U.S. Geological Survey Publications Crandell, D.R., and Mullineaux, D.R.,1973, Pine Creek volcanic as-semblages at Mount St. Helens volcano, Washington:
U.S. Geo-logical Survey Bull 1383-A.
, 1978, Potential hazards from future eruptions of Mt. St. Helens volcano, Washington:
U.S.
Geological Survey Bull.1381-C.
Mullineaux, D.R.,
1974, Pumice and other pyroclastic deposits in Mt.
Rainier National Park, Washington:
U.S. Geological Survey Bull. 1326.
Hopson, C.A., 1971, Eruptive sequence at Mount St. Helens, Wash-ington: Geological Society of America Abstracts With Programs 1971, volume 3, number 2, page 138.
Other Literature Macdonald, G. A.,1972, " Volcanoes":
Prentice-hall, New Jersey, 510 pp.
Williams, ii., and McBirney, A.R.,1979, " Volcanology":
- Freeman,
'90per & Co., San Francisco, California,.397 pp.
Shepa ^d, J.B., Aspinall, W.P., Rowley, K.C., Pereira, J., Sigurdsson H., Fiske, R.S., and Tomblin, J.f.,1979, The Eruption of Soufriere Volcano, St. Vincent April-June, 1979:
Nature, v. 282, November, p. 24 - 28.
Harris, S.E.,1980, Fire and ice, the Cascade volcanoes:
- Seattle, The Mountaineers, and Pacific Search Books.
Daily newspapers.
Tabl INFORMATION SOURCES AND CONTACTS Contact Source Designation
_ Item Frequancy Phone U.S. Geological Survey USGS Daily Updates At least once/ day (206) 696-7663 696-7650 d.S. Forest Service USFS Radio Log 1-2 hours (206) 696-7650 696-7618 National Weather Service NWS Weather Report, Weather Radar 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br />, as requested (206) 284-5650 (503) 221-3720 423-3720 Federal Aviation Admini-stration/ Flight Service Station FAA/FSS Weather Conditions & Winds Alof t 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br /> (503) 222-1C99 U.S. Forest Service USFS Regional Weather Forecast Daily (206) 696-7650 University of Washington U of W Seismic Updates Daily (206) 543-7010 Portland State University PSU Seismic Updates Daily (Mon-Fri), or as requested (503) 229-3022 Federal Emergency Manage-ment Agency FEMA Miscellaner
- eleases & Data As available (206) 606-7813 606-7801 Pacific Power and Light PP&L Swif t Reservoir Elevation As requested (206) 695-9490 Trojan Nuclear Power Plant Trojan 4-hour Report 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br /> (503) 556-3713 Ext. 256 Foundation Sciences, Inc.
FSI Kienle, Hamill As necessary (503) 224-4435 249-1093 (home)
Sidle As necessary 236-9192 (home)
Portland General Electric PGE Halicki As necessary (503) 226-8060 649-2129 (home)
Lamoreaux As necessary 226-8212 397-4922 (home)
Table 2 FORMAT FOR REPORTS TO TROJAN SHIFT SUPERVISOR Report time Report date Report by
- 1) Height and direction of ejecta plumes.
- 2) Anount of ash fall and locations in direction of Trojan.
3)
Suamarize eruptive activity of volcano -
a) Type - e.g. ash, lava, mudflows, pyroclastic flows, debris flows, steam, avalanches, etc.
b) Timing and level of any new activity or changes in activi ty.
c)
Summarize seismic activity in general terms (e.g. swarms, isolated shocks to magnitude ?,
increased or decreased?)
- 4) High altitude wind forecast
DOCU V EN~
s A\\ O. xm-se NO. OF PAGES I
Oversized Af REASON:
O PAGE ILLEGIBLE:
O HARD COPY FILED AT:
1 O BETTER COPf REQU;STED ON hGE TOO LARGE TO FILM. h O HARD COPV FILED AT:
PDR OTHER EdO 7/78fd8
[ FILMED ON APERTURE CARD NO.