ML19254F967

Summary of 790223 Meeting of ACRS Ad Hoc Subcommittee on Spent Fuel Storage Pool Design in Washington,Dc Re Continuation of Review on NRC Proposed Rule on Licensing Requirements for Spent Fuel Storage in ISFSI

ML19254F967
Person / Time
Issue date:	07/05/1979
From:	Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
To:	Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards
References
ACRS-1615, NUDOCS 7911190534
Download: ML19254F967 (59)

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ISSUE DATE: 7/5/79

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.. AD HOC SUSCCMti1TTEE Od r.Ui SP)RI FUEL STORAGE POOL DESIGd Pf# M:i U b L! c L,;12"'

FEBRUARY 23, 1979

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WASHIMGT0d, D.C.

'7 l)l T b T The ACR3 Ad Hoc Succcmittee en Spent Fuel Storage Pool Design met with the ARC staff on Fecruary 23, 1979 to centinue the review on the tiRC precosed rule en licensing recuirements for tne s:crage of spent fuel in an indecendent spent fuel stcrage installation (!5F5I). A notice of the meeting appeared in tne Feceral Register en Fecruary 8,1979 (Attacnment A).

A ccpy of tne detailed prasentation schedule is attacned (Attacnment B). A list of attendees at the Succccmittee meeting is attacned ( Attachment C),

Cocuments previced to the Suacemmittee during tais meeting are attacned ( Attachment D).

There was an oral statemant by Mr. Rick senter, a memcer of the puolic. His handcut at tnis meeting is attacned ( Attachment E). Also attachec (attachment F - ACRS Office Cooy only) is a list of petitioners against the excansien of the Zicn scent fuel pool.

Tae entire meeting was ccen to mercers Of the public.

IaTRCCCCTORY STtTEET, OR. C. SIE55 Dr. Siess intrtoacec otner memcers resent:

Dr. S. Lawreski, Mr. H. E neringten and Mr. W. Mathis.

areas to ce discussac included accident scenarics Tne agenda was discussec.

for tne design cf tne Indecencent Scent Fuel Storage Installatien (ISFSI) and transportation of radicactive materiais.

reauest nac been received frem Mr. R. Konter, a memcer cf tne puclic, to n

make an oral presentatien at tne meeting tecay.

It was noted that staff disagreements exist cencerning the seismic design pnilosegny.

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.;RC STAFF PRESENTATION Mr. R. Bernero presented an introductory statement covering materials from tne previous meeting witn'the ACRS Subccemittee en tnis same subject en January 3, 1979, in order to update all of the Succommittee members present. He gave two reasons for tne interest in scent fuel today:

(1) a national decision to farego reprecessing, at least for the near-term, has resulted in an accumulation of scent fuel f ar in excass of wnat was originally expected, and (2) a great deal of attention is ceing given :: the sni: ment of radicactive materials.

Mr. Bernero identified tnree inde:encent scent fuel storage facilities. They are (1).',5F, Wes: '/ alley, N.Y., wnicn has a pcci capacity of accut 250 metric tons, (2) GE Merris, and (3) Barnwell.

GE Morris is tne only facility tnat was actually licensed as a Part 70 materials license Operaticn. GE, cecause of tecnnical problens, deciced not to use this facility as a recrecessing plant.

Instead, GE converted the facility to a central stora;e de:ct, and it is licensed under ?ar 70 of the regulations..iSF remainec a re racassing :lant under ? art 50. Earnwell was cart of a Par: 50 :roceecing out, in advance of :ne Part 50 license, Allied General duclear Services (AG35) a plied for a cart 70 license :: s:cre scent fuel. Tne staff conciuced its review on Earnwell, inclucing a Final Environ-mental Statement anc a Safety Evaluation Re:crt, Octh of wnicn were :uclisned in January 1976.

The nearing was contested, went int: ncic and nas not been resolved sinca. Because of Orcolems at Barnwell and NSF, G2 Morris is One caly #acility really c:erating as an ISF5I.

Mr. Bernero next cescriced :ne GE Morris facility. Essentially, tne facility is a large pcci where SWR and PWR fuels are :undled cgether.in a canned assem:ly wnich is supported in a vertical direction and attacned to an I-beam structure situated at One bottom of the pool.

At tna present time, tne Morris facility contains about 360 tens of both :WR and 5WR fuels. The cacacity of :ne Morris facility is 750 ::ns, wnich they plan : expand to a total of 1850 tons. Their acclication at tne present time 1744 294

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is in a semi-dcrmant state because of the lack of definitien of both DOE and WRC res:cnsibilities.

It was mentioned oy tne staff tnat Stone and Webster has submitted a stancard casign for a se arate fren nc reactor free-standing incependent scent-fuel storage pool for review by One staff. The licensing staf# has ccm leted its review of the design and a letter of accroval nas been issued that allcws certain sections of :ne material suomitted by Stand and Webster to be referenced in site-s:ecifi a lications. Tne basis of tne approval was Part 70.

TVA is c:nsidering cuilcing a large centrali:ed spent fuel st: rage facility for tiei r cwn use. The size of tne acci uculd be larger nan tne procosed Stone anc '.lecster cesign and will have a capacity of about 10,000-13,000 tons.

Tne legal staff nas reviewec :ne legal implicatien of the TVA crocesal and founc that part 70 licensing :eccedures apply.

Tne staff :nen exclained :ne difficulty of asclyin; the ?ar: 70 rules to scent fuel pcci cesign.

Mr. dernero stated tna: Part 70 a; lies t: possessi:n of s:ecial nuclear material and tna; tnis regulaticn does not contain :ne worcs

s:ent fuel," and a: lies essintially to production and utilization facilities and not :: material casins or s;ent fuel Occis. Therefore, the staff decided

cevelce a new regula:icn, :ar: 72. The staff nas prepared an Envircnmental Im:act Statement (.iUREG-CaCJ) en t.ie storage of spent fuel, and interim s:Orage, for Octn at-reactors and away-frem-reactor sites. The Environmental Imcac:

Statement concluced tna; a regulation for this curpose would be more efficient anc effective.

Therefore, tne prepcsed rules and regulations 10 CFR Par 72 were crafted.

The significant as:ec: cf tnis procosed rule is a one-license material license, or a one-step license prececure. An acclicant would su mit a cesign, a safety analysis, and an environmental report. After a satisfactory staff review, a license would ce issued.

The f acility would then be built. An amendment to 17'4 295

tne license or a clearance would be needed by the staff in orcer to start storing fuel. Hearings will not ce mandatory, but if somecne wants a hearing, tne opportuni ty will :e there.

A regulatory guide en One standard format for a s ent fuel storage facility nas teen written and is cut for pu lic comment.

In addition, aNS 57.7 and Asi3I.1-219, which are guides en fuel pool design and siting, res:ectively, are currently eing written.

The staff stated that Part 72 was becugn: to the Ccemissioners last year and was released fer public ::mment in tne fall of 1978. The commen: :eriod ended in January 1979.

The staff :lans to promulgate Part 72 by spring of tnis year.

Mr. Berner next discussac :ne novel seismic design basis centained in par: 72.

The ISFSI will be designed for 0.25g and will be sited cnly at locatiens at er uelcw :nis seismic acceleration value as determined from availa:le seismic-risk ma:s cased on a 5CC-year recurrence interval A :nilasc:nical question arose. For example, wny recui re only 0.15; (for exam le) for a nuclear plan and 0.25g for a spent fuel pcci? C nments from

ne indus try stated tha: they are c ncerned, not with the safety as:ects bu-witn :ne puolic relatiens aspect.

The nRC staff voices similar c:ncerns, such as acw can a si:e ce acceptacle for a reac Or anc no: for an 15FSI?

Mr. Russell Stanford, of :ne ARC Staff, presented the Seneral Cesign Criteria (GCC) in Par 72. The GCC are applicable :: both wet and cry ;ccis. Hi gniign:s of his presentatien are as folicws:

Safety-related aquierent includes :coi structure, s:Orage racxs, tie-downs for ne crane, nandling mecnanism, and structural mem:ers of ne uilding.

Safety-related equi: ment must be ac:essible and be maintaina:le.

The confinement system censists of the pcol system water and ventilation system.

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5-Boiling is assured to occur no more than ence in life of a facility.

Toe water supply must nave a backuo system available to offset eva: oration losses uncer accicent concitions althougn it dcesn't have to be cermanently ins talled.

Criticality recuirements assumes tnat t.So icw prooability events must occur and tnat tne margins of safety must be corrensurate witn the un-ce rtainti es.

ALARA principles apply.

The facili y must :e designed for decommissioning.

?ccis will be velow cr about ground level, but this is not recuired by tne procosed regulaticn.

Leakage tnrougn the stainless steel liner and concrete wall are considered crediale accidents.

Activity in tr.e pcol water will ce 0.1 10 C.:R 20 limits.

Tne regulation orovices for a license for 20 years; tne AnS stancard casign-life is 40 years.

.;RC staff disagraements aere in tne areas of siting, design, and license acclicaticns:

Si ti ng:

avoid areas of :otentialij extrere natural snenccena vs. design to ccmcensate for site deficiencies.

Design:

ttandardized design vs. site s:ecific designs.

License a: plication:

s reamlined single license vs.

multiple-stage licensing.

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6-Accicent analysis was next discussed by Mr. Stanford. As an introduction to tnis subject, Mr. Sta'nford stated that for radicactive materials to be released offsite, they must be in a dispersable form and there must be some mechanism to cisperse :nem. The scent fuel is at least one year old before storage at an !5FSI facility and is storec under water. There is no mechanism for tne conversion of fuel to cispersable fo:m and no mecnanism for its releasc in larje cuanti ties. There are no nign temperatures or. pressures, no stored energy, no c.1amical reactions, anc there are no shcr:-lived a'ctivities.

Ccncerning gap release activity of ructured fuels, Mr. Stanford stated that

ney nave enoptec accut 250 tens of scent fuel at tne NF5 reprocessing clant.

From tnis experience, tne gap activity is less than two percent, tne staff assures a nigner numcer. 'nhen the 'cncpped-up fuel was Out.nto a small dissolver basket unica had poor c0 cling cnaracteristics, the assemoly did not overneat.

Inis ex:erience brackets all of the assumed accicents including a criticality incident, a Class 9 type accident, and tne less of all pcci water. Ctner items of interes discussed :y Mr. Stanford are as fcilcws:

L ss of all =cci water instantaneously to the ground cutside tne cool was not analy:ed.

The release of gap activity due to a tornacc missile ru:turing 20 metric

ns of fuel or accut aa fuel assemclies was analyzed. The total dose a :ne bcuncary, assumed :: be at 275 meters, is accut 57 mrem : tne skin and accu: 29 mrem to tne tnyroid. The Succommittee suggested that the staff snculd lock at tne cose if all of tne fuel assemclies were ructured.

aculd it still be within :ne limit?

The release of five : ns of pool water inducec by a tornado was stucied.

Cosas were accut 100 mrem to the tnyroid and 50 mrem wncie bccy.

The staff stated :na: :ornado-induced water removal of about 5 tens of water is extremely conservative.

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An accident to a snipoing cast containing five tens of scent fuel, with 150-day-old feelas coccared to a minimum of one-year-old fuel for the ISFSI, and assuming 100". clad failure was cstulated.

Doses at the ocundary were calculated to e accut 200 mrem to tne thyroid and accut 20 mrem wnole :ocy.

An u:per =cund scenario for a criticality accident in tne spent fuel was no: staciec. An accident wnere fuel accumulation in the bettcm of tne pool would ce enougn :: generate 10'S fissiens for a sner: time (minutes)

T~ ere is no dcse released in this case.

was considerec.

n thermal analysis for a pool tnat lest all c cling water witn the fuel e.

gecmetry remaining intact was studied by Sandia. Assuming one-year-cid fuel, tne stucy found tna: natural convection air cooling was adecuate to prevent fuel melting er clad failure. 'With a dry =cci, the re is no release to the envirenrent Out :nere is gamma radiatien.

Calculations incicate 150 racs at 100 meters fr:m tne col and 2.5 rads at cCO meters.

For a ccm:actec fuel configuraticn caused by an accicent, :ne fuel rod tem:erature for an adiacatic case levels off at accut 550 degrees Centi-grace.

Critical tem:erature for tne cladcing is about 9C0 cegrees Centi-grace. The structural ca a:ility cf tne concrete a: :nese tem:eratures was no: analy:ed.

ITATEME:47 3Y YR. RICs.<CnTER, MEMSER CF THE PUBLIC petition of accut 15C0 Mr. Rick.<cnter's statement is includec in Ap;encix E.

n signatures c:ncerning tne denial of Ccmmenwealtn Edison's request to increase tne Zicn nuclear facility's s:Orage ca:acility has been received by tne Succommi t tee. setn tne statement and tne etition nave been transmitted :: the

.iRC Staff, as airectec :y One Succ:mmi ttee Chai rman.

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The Succommittee then heard frcm Mr. R. Sernero en transportati:n of radicactive material s.

Dr. Siess stated that tnis tcpic would have been presented to the Succommittee en Transtortation of Radicactive Materials, but since three memcers of :nat Subcommittee are also memcers of this Subcommittee and since there wasn't enough subject matter to warrant a meeting of tnat Subccmmittee, it was heard a t tni s ti me.

Mr. Berner0 statec :nat the spent fuel proolem can be viewed fr:m two as:ects; one is storage facilities and part 72, and the othgr is trans:crtatien of spent fuel. hignlights of Mr. Bernarc's presentation are as f:llows:

The transportaticn of radicactive material is regulated by betn :ne Department of Transportatien (C0T) and the tiuclear Regulatory Commis-sien (.iRC).

CCT is responsicle for r:uting and cackaging of low-level radioactive materials. NRC is responsicle for packaging nign-level radicactive materials and safeguards.

Concerning ne potential for sabotage of a s:ent fuel shipment, the Sandia recert calculates tne effects of successful sabetage of a s:ent fuel snigment using an antitank weapon.

The consecuences of s successful sabotage assault en a truck sni: ment are tens of immediate fatalities from the release, nundreds of latent cancer fatalities, and huncreds to

nousancs of moroidities or illnesses. For tnis reason c:mmenters in CCT or:ceedings want to keep spent fuel cut of cities. Cthers at tne roceed-ings raise tne possibility of safegaarding the s;ent fuel to crevent a successful assault. This later questien is being evaluated witnin tne dRC Staff.

As far as sacotage of a spent fuel facility is c:ncerned, there has :een only one instance of licensing safeguard review, for the GE Merris facility.

Otners wers of '.'el recrocessing olants, which have vastly different safe-guards recuirements because of the presence of usa le clutonium.

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-g-crcacsed Part 72.," the issue of whetner ISFSI needs to be safeguarded is not addressed. A classifiec rescrt, 5Ai4D77-1927, discusses the mecnanisms cf a sacetage scenario for the GE Morris facility.

The staff is working cn a social imcact analysis for incut to 007.

007 is planning :: ::uclist. its ruiemaking en transportation of racic-active materials in aucut July.

Tne staf' is lccking :: :ne ACR5 for mere tecnnical advice en :ne mcceling of :ne sacetage scenarios inclucing ccnsecuences anc pro-cacilitias.

The Staff and One Saccommittee tnen discussed tne ::resentaticn t: ne full ACR5 and future ACR5 Succcmc.ittee meetings on transportation of radicactive mate ri a 's.

The eeting was adjourned at 1:20 ::..

,icts:

Fcr additional tetails, a ccrolete transcript of the meeting is availacie in tne NRC Duclic Occurent Recm,1717 H 5treet, N.W.,

aasningt:n, DC 20555, er frcm Ace-Federal Recerters, Inc.,

2:4 ;icetn Ca::i tal Street, N.W., Wasningtcn, D.C.

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hour long meeting of the Executive rangements can be made to aDow the necessary time during the meeting for gee and Delinquency Prevent!on Aat, Committee will follow.

3)the Location of OJJDP and 3) Rec.

For further inf ormation, contact Mr. such statements.

ammendations Regarding the Ievel of John M. Rector. Administrator. Office The agends for subject meeting Appropriations for OJJDP in Mses! of Juvenue Jusuce and Delinquency shall be as fotows:

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Year 1980.The he'aring is scheduled to Prevention. Law Enforcement Assist-begin at 9:00 am Folloaing a lun. ance Administration. Department of g

cheon recess at noon the hearing win Justice. 633 Indiana Avenue. N.W.

g reconvene at 2:00 pa and end at 5:00 Wa.shington, D.C. 20531.

The Subcommittee may meet in F.x-pm Fouoving the pubhc hearing. the Joss M.Rzeros.

Administrator. O//sce of Jut'e-ecutive Session, with any of its consul.

grecutive Committee win meet at 6:30 pn Wednesday evening.

atle Justice and DcI nquenes tants who may be present, to explore The meeting of the full Committee and exchange their preliminary opin-Prevention.

is scheduled to convene at 9:00 an on lons regarding matters Web should g with port fr m t be considered during the meeting and to f rmulate a report and recommen-scutive Committee and a report by the Administrator of the Office of Juve- (6820-49-MI dations to the fun Committee.

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alle Justice and Delinquency Preven-At the cocelusion of the Executive.

tion. At 10:30 a.m. fouosing a brief NATIONAL COMMI5510N ON THE IN. Session the Subcommittee will hear TERNATIONAL YEAR OF THE presentations by and hold discussions om i.e for he n

CHILD,1979 With representatives of the NRC Staff, tute for Juvenile Justfee and Denn-quency Prevention; Advisory Commit.

ME N #3CC113C"CN and their consultants, pertinent to this review. The Subcom=1ttee may see on Standards for Juventie Justice:

JamtAa7 31.1979.

Advisory Co==1ttee to the Ari"'*

then caucus to determine whether tne trator of the Offlee; and Advisory Meeting correct!cn. PcERAI. Rzers. matters identified in the initial session Committee on the Concentistion of TER Document No. 79-2912 pub 1',hed Feders] Effort win meet. The Sub-at p. 5730. in issue of January 25.1919. 'have been adequately covered and National Commission on the Inter-

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1. is ready Ir committee to Adese the Administra-national Year of the Child Meeting review by the full Committee.

tor and the Subcommittee on the Con

• scheduled for Februa.y 9.1979. should In add! tion. It Inay be nemmy for eentration of Federal Effort win meet in joint session from 10:30 km. untfl read-9.30 A M. to 1:00 P.M.

Ce Suh=W.ee to hoM one M M ~

EtmtcT J. InTrat.

Adminisfretive C//icer. Ncitanc!

closed sessions to perm!L discussion of

.m. lun h o rec ss, es provisions for the physical security of tees win reconvene in individual ses-Co m m i83 M 3 04 08 8T34' Ucensed nuclear facilities of this type.

sions for the remainder of the day.

HoncI Yesr cf Me ChCd.

Topics scheduled to be addressed by M Doc. 79-43 t2 Med bT-R 8.45 aml I have determined. in accordance with subcommittees include:

Training Subsection 10(d) cf Public IAT S2-463.

Functions of the National Inst:tute.-

that, should such sessions be required.

Second Nationa! Meetmg of State Ad-visory Groups. Formula Grant Guide- [7590-41-M]

it is nem to h mese en.

NUCLEAR REGULATORY (5 U.S.C. 55:b(ext)).

Pr g and the NAC e ette COMMISSION '

Purma infumation nearding On Friday. Febntary 23. at 10:00 m.m the fun Counttee will ncen-ADvtsotT ccMx1TTit CN RIACTCt SAFE-topics to be discussed, whether the vene to hear a joint report on the cuAaps su8comuTTu CN $7ENT FVEL meet {ng has been canceUed of resched-uled. We Chairman's ruLng on &

pubUe hearing from the Subcommittee stoggge -

questa for the opportunity to present to Advise the A<*estrator and the Assenes wal statements and me ti=e aDotted Subcomm!ttee on the Concentrstion of Federal Effort. Fcuosing a 12:30 The ACRS Sube'ommittee en Spent therefor can be obtained by a prepaid pm-1:30 pm luncheon recess, thefun Committee wtU rneet to hear re- ' Fuel Storsae win hold a tnectin Feb*ua.ry 23.1979 tu Room 1048.1717 eral E=ployee for this meeting. Mr.

ports from the Subcornmittee to s IUt.lLL-West::: sten. DC 0555. to Advise the Adm.nistrstor and tne Sub-continue its review of the NRC pro-I:pfdio O. Igne. (telephone 202/634-33141 between 8:15 a.m. and 5:00 pm.

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for t e Sto ge of " pent E

ffe After a f

ess 3:15 pm. the fun Committee will re-dependent Spent Fuel Storsge Instal-Background infor...ation concerning convene at 3:30 pm to hear repcrts lation (ISFSI).

from the Subcommittee on the Insu*

In accorcance with the procedures items to be considered at this meeting tute and the Subcomm;ttee on Stand-outlined in the FccxA2. Rrctstra on can be found in documents on file and ards.The subcommittee reports will be October 4.1978 (43 FR 459:6). oral or available for pubuc inspectica at NRC fonowed by an oppcrtunity for pubuc wr:tten statements may be presented Pubuc Document Room. l'I17 H by members of the public, recordings The full Co=1mittee will reconvene viu be permitted only during those Street.,N.W Ws.shington. DC :0555.

comroentary.

on Saturday. February 24. at 9:00 a.m-portions of the meeting when a tran-Dated: Februs.r71.1979. -

to discuss recommendations concern-script is being rept, and quesuons may ing the juvenile she has ecmmitted a be a.sted only by members of the Sub-JosN C.RoTt.E.

violent offense. Thts discussion will be committee, its consultants, and Statt Adt tsory Committee s

followed by a review of plans for the Persons desinns to make oral state-Manape nent Officer.

May meeting of the Cornmittee. The ments should notify the Designated

- LFR Doc.19-4118 Filed 2-7-79; 8.45 aml meeting of the full Committee is Federal Employee as far in advance as scheduled to adjourn at 11:30 a.m.; an practicsbie so that appropriate ar-

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'IENTATIVE SCHEDULE ACRS AD HOC SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPENT FUEL STCRAGE POOL DESIGN FEBRUARY 23, 1979

\\@SHINGYJ1, D. C.

Approximate Time I.

EXECUTIVE SESSION (OPEN) 8:30 a.m.

II.

OfAIR GN INTRODUCTCRY STATEMENT 8:40 a.m.

III. NRC PRESENTATION 1.

Introductory Statement R. Bernero, AD for Material Safety 9:00 a.m.

Standards, SD 2.

'Dechnical Conceptual design of Spent Fuel Stor-9:15 a.m.

age Installation General Design Criteria and Basis 9:30 a.m.

(See Note Below)

MIC Staff Disagreements 10:00 a.m.

BREAK 10:30 a.m. - 10:40 a.m.

Accident scenarios and consequences, including loss of cooling water, 10:40 a.m.

and sabotage e,%t t%I T% f t.A ev s

IV.

CAUCUS 12:00 noen V.

MEETING WITH WI STAFF 12:15 p.m.

VII. ADIOGtNMEhT 12:30 p.m.

Note: An oral presentation to the Subcommittee has been requested by Mr. Rick Konter, member of the public, for about 10:00 a.m.

dOBC.biY\\1.d

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ATTENDEE LIST AD HOC SUSC0fiMITTEE ON SPENT FUEL STORAGE POOL DESIGN WASHINGTON, DC FEBRUARY 23, 1979 ACRS NRC STAFF C. Siess, Chairman R. Bernero S. Lawroski R. Stanford H. Etherington H. Mathis VIRGINIA ELECTRIC & POWER CO.

BECHTEL CORPORATION D. Miller B. Montgomery FLORIDA POWER & LIGHT WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CORP.

J. Pendland H. Huang HUNTON & WILLIMIS ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY INSTITUTE J. Chris tman D. Serick PUBLIC J. Clark, NFS R. Konter, MFS E. O'Brien, MRG&A Anama.nt C 17'4 304

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1 1-FAST FACILITY-

_INEL Oct

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CSTORAGE ONLY) c:

4,000 MT OF LWR FUEL CONSTRUCTION START -APRIL'79 WATER SURFACE A R E A -12,0 0 0 F T WATER VOLUME 3,0 0 0,0 0 0 G A L S 2

POOLS - 31'x 4 6 ' 6 " x 41 ' D E E P 4

P O O L s - 3 1 'x 4 6 ' 6 " x 3 0 ' D E E P 2

CUPS ONE 35',0NE 41' DEEP 24 - 3x3 RACKS PER POOL -10'HIGH a.y,

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GENERAL DESIGN CRITERIA 20 CRITERIA COVERED IN PART 72 C 0 M P,A R E D TO 64IN PART 5 0, A P P. A.

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SPECIFICS ARE COVERED IN REG.

GUIDES, POSITION S T A T E M E N T S, E T C.

DEVELOPED FOR WATER 3ASIN TECHNOLOGY,BUT EQUALLY APPLICABLE T0 DRY ST0 RAGE.

'7'4 313

1.

QUALITY STANDARDS QA PROGRAM FOR SAFETY-RELATED

ITEMS, E.G., POOL STRUCTURE, RACKS, CRANE TIE DOWNS, BUILDING STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

2. NATURAL PHEN 0MENA SEISMIC-POOLS, RACKS, CRANE TIE DOWNS, STRUCTURAL MEMBERS WIND BUILDING STRUCTURAL MEMBERS FLOODS-PMFOR FLOOD-DRY SITE PREVENTION OF TRANSPORT BY AQUIFERS 17'4 314

3.

FIRE EXPLOSION PROTECTION

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SPENT RESINS.

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5.

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RISK.

6.

TESTING MAINTENANCE

$AFETY-RELATED C0MPONENTS MUST BE MAINTAINABLE.

'7^4 315

7.

EMERGENCY CAPABILITY ACCESSIBILITY FOR EMERGENCY AGENCIES,* ENSURE OPERABILITY OF EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT.

8.

CONFINEMENT SYSTEMS POOL WATER LEVEL PURITY VENTILATION FOR AIRBORNE SOURCES.

9.

INSTRUMENTATION CONTROL SYSTEMS IDENTIFIED SAFETY-RELATED SYSTEMS MUST BE OPERABLE UNDER ACCIDENT CONDITIONS.

10.

CONTROL ROOM OR AREAS ABILITY TO TAKE ACTIONS TO MAINTAIN SAFE CONDITION UNDER ACCIDENT CONDITIONS.

9

'7'4 316

11.

UTILITY SERVICES COOLING SYSTEM-REPAIRABLE IN TIME AVAILABLE BEFORE B O I L I N.G BACK UP SUPPLY WATER SUPPLY AVAILABLE TO OFFSET EVAPORATION LOSSES UNDER ACCIDENT CONDITIONS POWER BATTERIES SHOULD BE ADEQUATE UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS.

12. C R I T I C A L I T Y TWO LOW PROBABILITY EVENTS MVST OCCUR MARGINS OF SAFETY COMMENSURATE WITH UNCERTAINTIES.

13. ACCEPTABLE METHODS FAVORABLE GEOMETRY PREFERRED FIXED POISONS ACCEPTABLE 17'4 317

14.

EXPOSURE CONTROL ALARA DECON CAPABILITY ACCESS CONTROL EASE OF REPAIR LOCAL SHIELDING 15.

RADIATION A L A R M "S Y S T E M S OCCUPIED AREAS EFFLUENT STREAMS 16.

EFFLUENT MONITORING AMOUNTS OF RADIONUCLIDES FLOW OF DILUTING MEDIA 17.

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WASTE TREATMENT CONCENTRATE CONVERT TO FORM FOR DISPOSAL 20.

DECOMMISSIONING DESIGN FOR DECCnMISSIONING

'7'4 319

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DESIGN TO COMP.ENSATE FOR SITE DEFICIENCIES SPECIFICALLY-

- S E I S M I C <0. 2 5 c; S I T E INVESTIGATION

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'7'4 322

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-PART 50 PROCEDURE LWA PSAR&CP FSAR&OL s.

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THESE MUST BE IN A

DISPERSIBLE FORM, AND IHERE MUST BE A

MECHANISM FOR THEIR RELEASE.

BUT AGED FUEL STORED UNDER WATER NO MECHANISMS IS HIGHLY STABLE FOR CONVERSION TO DISPERSIBLE FORM AND NO MECHANISM FOR RELEASE NO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES OR PRESSURES NO STORED ENERGY NOV10 LENT CHEMICAL REACTIONS NO SHORT-LIVED ACTIVITY PRESENT 2^4 324

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IHYROID I)- 29 PER SQUARE FOOT OF AREA DAMAGED PWR BWR SKIN 6.4 7.8 THYROID 1.3 1.5

.. RELEASE OF P0OL WATER WATER PURITY 10 X RELEASE LIMITS OF 10 C F R 2 0 APP.B, TABLE II N U RE G-0009 - AGN S SER 5

TONS OF POOL WATER TRANSPORTED TO SITE BOUNDARY BY TORNADO LIFETIME DOSE 100 MREM CRITICAL ORGAN 10 MREM WHOLE BODY 17'4 327

VEN.IING OF SHIPPING CASK 5

MT OF SPENT FUEL NUREG 0009 150 DAYS DECAY 100%

CLAD FAILURES DOSE AT 3ITE BOUNDARY 200 MREM

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(85 LUNG SKIN KR) - 10 0 M R E M 20 MREM WHOLE BODY 4

328

CRITICALITY NO KNOWN CRITICALITY ACCIDENTS TO DATE IN SPENT FUEL POOLS.

NUREG-0009 GIVES T Y P'I' C A L ANALYSIS 18 10 FISSIONS UNDER 23' 0F WATER 0

SWIMMING POOL REACTOR OFF-SITE DOSE NEGLIGIBLE 17^4 329

LOSS OF ALL POOL WATER

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'as' SAND 77-1371:

GREATER THAN 1

YEAR AGED FUEL NATURAL CONVECTION. AIR COOLING ADEQUATE RACK DESIGN IS A

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'7"4 331

14 E

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- HEAT REMOVED BY NATURAL CONVECTION 12 -

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'7#4 332

180D 6

4 PWR SPENT FUEL 17 x 17 PIN ARRAY FULL CORE DISCHARGE LOADING 1600 LARGE BASEPLATE HOLES 1400 1 YEAR MINIMUM DECAY TIME PREDICTIC c1 1200 WITHOUT OXIDATION 8

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OPEN FRAldE ( 21"C-C SPACING )

0 0

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12 is 20 24 TIME AFTER POOL ORAIN AGE (Hrs}

FIGURE 14. EFFECT OF STORAGE RACK CONFIGURATION ON HEATUP OF PWR SPENT FUEL, WELL-VENTILATED ROOM

'?^4 533 51

1800 PWR SPENT FUEL

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8 12 16 20 24 TIME AFTER POOL DRAINAGE (hrs)

FIGURE 15. EFFECT OF MINIMUM DECAY TIME. BURNUP, AND SUB-ASSEMBLY TYPE ON HEATUP OF PWR SPENT FUEL, WELL VENTILATED ROOM

'7#4 334

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SUMMARY

OF HEATUP RESULTS FOR PWR SPENT FUEL, WELL VENTILATED ROOM

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9-FROTECTING ACAINST SPENT FUEL OVERHEATING IN A POOL DRAINAGE ACCIDENT

• A.S. Benjamin and D.J. McCloskey C

Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87185 '

2e s

With the current U.S. moratorium on spent fuel reprocessing, hiah priority is being given to the expansion of facilities that store spent fuel under water in a retrievable configuration. To accemedate the growing quantities of these used fuel bundles, existing storage pools are being enlarged and adapted to higher storage densities. In the process, storage racks have evolved from amply spaced open-frame structures to highly packed solid steel containers (Fig. 1).

As an aid to assessing the safety of such configurations, a hypo-thetical, low-probability accident is postulated in which all the water drains frem the pool, leaving the storage racks and their contents ex-posed to air. The fuel elements subsequently heat up, usually reaching a steady-state temperature distribution where the thermal power produced by radiqactive decay is balanced by that removed by natural convection and thermal radiation. Undesirable releases of radioactive materials will only occur if the maximum attained temperature is high enough at some location in the pool to cause the Zircaloy clad to rupture or to undergo rapid exothermic oxidation leading to clad melting.

(Coinci-dentally, the best available estimate for clad rupture temperature '2 I

isquiteclosetotheself-sustainingairoxidationtemperaturef' both being in the neighborhood of 850-950 C.) The likelihcod of

• This work sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Ccmmission 7'4 336

2 reaching a deleterious temperature varies inversely with the amount of time that has elapsed 's'ince the fuel was last irradiated (i.e.,

the decay time),,s,ince longer times imply reduced decay heats.

A. method for predicting spent fuel heatup following drainage of 4

the pool was described in a previous paper, where it was found that ~both,

the age of the fuel and the design of the racks are crucially important parameters.

Since then, computations have been petformed for a variety of operational storage configuratiens to establish the miniaim decay time required in order to preclude the possibility of clad failure in a drained pool. The results are presented in Table I, where it may be seen that this critical decay time varies from less than five days

_.to slightly more than one year, depending mainly on the storage density, the nu=ber of open flow paths, and the size of the baseplate holes.

If the entire floor space is utilized so as to exclude a downcomer path for air flow, as is currently possible with the highest density storage design, then the mini =um decay time may increase to nearly two years.

As shown in Table I, however, initial decay requirements can be very substantially reduced by instituting relatively si=ple modifications in storage practice and rack design, such as enlarging the baseplate holes, removing obstructions to flow outside the baskets, providing an ample open space around the edge of the pool, and removing BWR sub.

assembly channels. With these modifications, overheating would not be expected to occur in any off-site storage pool, since decay times there are generally more than a year. The only questionable situatipn,

'7'4 337

3 then, would be the highest density reactor-sited storage pools, where spent fuel is sometimes brought in as early as 30 days after shutdown of power.

In situations where overheating might occur, it should still be possible for personnel to provide an emergency cooling water spray that will avert clad failure until the source of the problem cen be repaired. Calculatiens have indicated that a, spray volume on the order of 60 gall. n will be sufficient to prevent cverheating in a two-core capacity reactor pool if it is applied within an hour af ter the drainate.

t

.4 REFERENCES 1.

R. H. CHAFMAN, "Multired Burst Test Program Quarterly Progress Report for July-S';ete=ber 1976," CRNL/NUREG/TM-77 (1977).

2.

" Reactor Saf ety Study," WASH-1400, Appendix' VII, 3 (1975).

3.

A. S. BENJAMIN, D. J. McCLCSKEY, and D. A. POCRS, " Spent Fuel Heatup Following Loss of Water During Storage," SAND 77-1371, to be published.

4 A. S. BENJAMIN and D. J. McCLCSKEY, ANS Transactions H (1978).

=-

.

• FIGURE CAPTION 1.

Sampling of P'a Spent Fuel Storage Racks TABLE CAPTION I.

Minimum Decay Time to Prevent Overheating for Various Currently-Operational Storage Configurations 9

e N

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CASE TYPE OF STORACE RACK CRITICAL POSTUIATED -

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FUEL DESCRI PTION DECAY TIME DESIGN CRITICAL f.

.M (DAYS)

HODIFICATIONS DECAY T1HE

(

.j (DAYS) g, 3,,,,,

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PWR Open Lattice

<5 None

<5 21" C-C Spacing 2

PWR Cylindrical Baskets

,i 400 Enlarge baseplate hole 8

12.75" C-C Spacing 1.5" Baseplate IIole 3

PWR Square Baskets 130 Enlarge baseplate hole 20 13.25" C-C Spacing i

Promote flow outside baskets 3.0" Baseplate llole 4

PWR liigh Density Baskets 280*

Leave 1.0 ft. to edge of pool 80 10.25" C-C Spacing 700*

5.0" Baseplate lloie i~.

5 BWR Cylindrical Baskets

<5 None

<5 8.5" C-C Spacing 3.63" Baseplate llole 6

BWR Cylindrical Baskets 150 Enlarge baseplate hole

<5 8.5" C-C Spacing 1.5" Baseplate llote I

7 BWR Directional Baskets 45 Remove channels 15

]

11.5" C-C Across Rows I

6.0" C-C Along Rows a

Channels Attached B

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Lower figure corre-N sponds to 1.0-foot downcomer space at edge of pool.

. ~,

,,,,,,g, e

e kM WashingtonWatch' ISSN 0145-644X g

a4

" Dedicated to the Survival of Humanity" Volume 6. Number 5. March 1.1978 FIRST AMERICAN VICTIMS OF NUCLEAR WARFARE The following letter was wrirren by has resulted from the atomic test he He told one reporter he felt cheated the wsfe of a recent vierirn of nuclear was in.

out of half his life and he only hoped he radiation shorrly before his death.

Those tests have been going on could li<e long enough to see the gov-since 1945 killing and affecting ernment admit its responsibility to him A LETTER and all those other thousands of men thousands of otherwise healthy men.

And now those tests are obsolete like him who were used in those atomic On August 31,1957 my beloved hus-band. Paul, witnessed the detenation because of the Neutron Bomb. I would tests. After Hiroshima and Nagasaka of a 44 kiloton bomb at Yucca Flats, really like to know how they tested that they should have known.

one.

Nancy Cooper Nevada.

When they started this test they A DEFINITE LINK wanted to know what reactions the Donald Coe, 44. a farmer of Tom-men would have during atomic war.

A BLIND VICTIM kinsville, Kentucky, is another victim fare. The soldiers were moved from Donald H.

Elm ore.

48. of of U.S.

nuclear testing. Although

he protection of the trenches to an Boise. Idaho, who has been I,.

dying of leukemia as a result of his ex-apen hillside..with nothing between gally blind since 1961. says he posure to nuclear radiation at Yucca

hem and the bomb but open desert. In witnessed three nuclear explo.

Flats in 1957 Coe was twice denied

)ther words, they were used as guines sions as a marine corporaler Eni.

assistance by the federal Veterans d'E

wetok atollin the Pacific in 1948.

Adminnstration.

My husband said that just before Shortly after, his vision started to Coe was hospitalized after these nu-

. hey set it off they told the men to turn fail and he was diagnosed by a clear explosions with severe head-

. heir backs to the bomb and place their Navy doctor as having degenera-I aches, dizziness, bleeding from the lands over their eyes. He said when tion of the retina. Three civilian nose, and other symptoms. But the VA

.he bomb detonated they could see the doctors appointed by the VA say has said they couldn't locate his hospi-

>ones in their fingers through their the blast couid have triggered his tal records. and Kenneth Mcdonald,

Icsed eyelids like some kind of awful condition. but Navy doctors dis-regional director, said it was the opin.

(-ray.

egreed and the VA denied him ion of the VA and independent medical They didn't even give those men service connected her.cfits.

experts that Coe absorbed no more stotective clothing. All they did after-radiation than the average person re-

=ards was dust them off and hose ceives from a normal chest X ray.

lown their boots. They didn't change Since the word got out in the papers Coe, who served in the army for dothes until hours later.

about Paul that he has received his eight years, isn't sura how many blasts Today my husband is lying in the cort pensation, he has gotten hundreds he witnessed "12,15 or 20, I just tospital very close to death. He has of letters from veterans who haven't don't remember." But military records eukemia cells in the fluid of his spinal

. Men who were in A bomb tests just show he was present at seven or eight.

ord and brain, partial brain damage, like Paul was and who now have every-

"I feel they owe me and my family a where his balance is off so be can't thing from severe joint problems to living since I can't work anymore," he walk. He has no white blood cells to terminal cancers of all types. The said. "I served my country..I served ight infection. and he has devel-saddest letters we receive are frorn the as best I could."

sped pneumonia, widows.

In December 1977, the national Through the pressure of the news Paul keeps all those letters and clip-Center for Disease Control announced nedia and the Disabled American pings right near him in the hospital.

that both Coe's and Cooper's leukemia

/eterans Association my husband, Weak as he is he never stops hoping had " definitely" been linked to the

'sul, has finally received 100% disa-that every veteran who is a victim like 1957 nuclear tests. Four other cases, iihty-but the Government still won't he is gets a full service connected disa-the center reported, were "probably" ome out and admit that his sickness bility and death benefits.

connected to the nuclear tests.

A RCse.h m o d E

T*f 8

ha c. $

8

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Nuoleonios Wseks Sept. 26/78,

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O. rn effinials are ureine NRO ta aptrave rarankine eni ahnfrling += giva ennr e f easibility" in handling apent fbel eteroce. The officiale

$/ f h;, ' "

utilitism Ja '

aloe are puehing for NRO to approve the concept of opent fuel shuffling

' I'I '

because shuffling will be required to etere spent fuel in an independent opent fuel eterage facility (ISFSF) which GemEd says it might build. The utility le censidering such a pool to etere spent fuel from LaSalle, Byron and Braideoed plart e, which are scheduled to corse en line in the 1980's. While reracking er 0;,

shuffling would extend comed eterage capability thru 1995, the utility wante the

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. 3..p-eption of going sheed with ISFSF if federal action is not taken seen og away-fren i,

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reacter-storego, permanent dispeed er reproceed.ng. The ISFSF wou1( ma lose a

'q, exponelve than separate peels at each plant, but cenEd efficials say the decision

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j to issue the standards this fall - and on how difficut, it will be to license Q

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'j Scott recently intervened against CenEd's applio stion to rerack for sempact on the Dresden and Zion peele. Scott is "Very conoornede about this type of

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defective at other plante." DenEd is proposing to add ebeerber rooks to the

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plute racks. The abeerber racks contain be al to abeerb neutrons and Scott I'r[.

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Nearer Than Browns Ferry 4 270* crack in its reactor piping rnay have brought the Duane Arnold Nuclear Plant closer to a

'neltdown accident than did the renowned fire at the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant in 1975.

sy David Dinsmore Comey Jntil recently, the March 22.1975. fire panying choto ) As a result the reactor Electnc will probaoly spend more than it the Browns Ferry Nuclear Power Plant was cooled down and the fuel in the re-

$15 million to purchase power from 1 ear Decatur. Alabama was the closest actor core was removed to the spent other utilities while the plant is shut he American nuclear industry had come fuel pool. Radiographic and ultrasonic down. The Commission s chairman. Mer-o a maior accident at a civilian nuclear testing showed that, a:though the visable ris Van Nostrand, says he expects the

)ower plant. The fire destroyed the re-crack was four inches long, this crack utility to make an " aggressive" attemot ictor control circuits. starting a " boil-actually extended accroximately 270 to recever repair costs from General

)tt" of primary coolant in the reactor degrees around the circumference of Electric.

ore At the same time. it disabled emer-the pipe. When the other seven recircu-lency core cooling systems Fortunate-lation pipe safe ends were radiograched The original safe ends were manufac-y, the " boil-cff" was halted before a and ultrasonically tested. all seven were tured by Lanape Forge in Pennsylvania.

ore meltdown began.'

found to be cracked to some extent. four under subcontract to Chicago Bridge On June 17 1978, however, the had significant indications of intermit-and Iron, which in turn was a subcon-

)uane Amold Energy Center in Cedar tent cracking around their entire circum-tractor to General Electnc. the reactor lacids. lowa. came cioser - according ferences.

manufacturer. A drawing error caused o industry experts - to a " loss-of-As of this writing, all eight safe ends machinists at Lanape to cut a groove colant" accident than did Browns Ferry are scheduled to be replaced by newly that was 3/8 of an inch too deep around i 1975 This.ncident has received very designed forgings being fabricated at each pipe. These grooves were then ttle media attention.

Coulter Steel and Forge Company in filled in with weld metal. Records at On June 17.1978, reactor operators Berkeley. Califomia. The plant cannot Lanape. C8&l. and GE show that these rere testing the control valves on the be restarted before late October, and repairs were acoroved as meeting re-uane Arnold Center. a 538 megawatt the utility estimates that repair costs quired safety codes.

oiling water reacter operated by towa will be aoout $2 million. The Iowa Com-An NRC official says. "ouite obvtous-tectric Light and Power ComCany. Sud-merce Commission estimates that lowa ly we weren't aware of the repairs. and enly, because of problems with electra-al relays in the reactor protection sys-rrpermrerm m meerm rm, the reactor accidentally shut down.

nly then, when an inspection of the re-6 ctor drywell was made. was it discov-l}

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ed that a primary coolant pipe was 5(4 g

akirig from a four-inen long crack.

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The teaming pipe was one of eight 10-3 ch diameter pipes used to transfer s

3 cling water from the recircutation

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estem to the jet pumps inside the reac-

r. The crack was located in a section

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the pipe known as a " safe end forg.

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i the reactor pressure vessel. This I

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cation at which to have a pipe break. A Y

.- e esign basis accident" analysis per.

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irculation loop pipes" would result in L

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,,a a worst "foss-of-coolant" accident w%

ssible at a boiling water reactor.8 The leak cor'tinued even after the re-gey

5.

The pubhc is entitled to have nuclear power plant decisions made on the local as well as the state and federal levels of government with meaningful input by citizens who will lie directly affected Alldecisions should not be made by federalof-facials.

6.

The pubhc is entitled to government regulation of the atomic energy industry designed to protect the citizen rather than to promote and protect the mierests of the nuclear es-Prepared by Pennsylvania lnsurance Department tabhshment The health and safety of the pubhc should come ahead of the corporate health and safety of the nuclear es-7 Consumzr's Guice o tab,ishme"'-

7.

The public is entitled to full protection for all damages

\\uCeor son-nsuronCe caused by nuclear accidents. The hnancial risk of any accident should fall on the nuclear establishment, not on the pubhc.

8.

The pubhc is entitled to a legal system that will guarantee compensation for the special types of inguries caused by nuclear This is not "A Shopper's Guide to Nuclear Insurance" for a radiation. such as genetic damage and delayed diseases, that simple reason -- there's nothing to shop for. Our Shopper's Guedes to hfe msurance and automobile insurance gave con-may not be compensable under present law sumers general buying advice and specific cost comparisons.

9.

The public is entitled to an insurance imiustry that actively We can't do the same when it comes to getImg insurance agamst a nuclear accident. There's little we can say - and even promotes safety and the pubhc interest rather than one that less you can do.

serves as a mere adgunct to the nuclear establishment.

T he Atomic Energy Commission's own studies indicate a me-

10. The pubhc is entitled to full legislative monitoring of the im nuclear accident could cause from s7 bilhon to $280 bilhonin risks and benefits of nuclear power. Hesponsibihty should not be 8055es Dr. Jean W Golman, a nationally respected radiation abdicated to a Congressional Jomt Committee on Atomic Energy physicist. testified that a nuclear accident could kiff up to five that has a vested interest in nuclear power and has traditionally nulhon people and injure hve milhon more. Ralph Nader testified that a nuclear accident could turn an entire state the size of been part of the nuclear estabhshment.

Pennsylvama into a disaster area

11. The public is entailed to a nuclear pohcy that protects pre-We ilunk you have a right to know what to empect in the way of sent and future generations against unreasonable dangers.

compensation st and when we have such a nuclear catastrophe.

Future generations should not be given the oppressive butden of And we're likely to have one eventually.

the storage of the present generation's nuclear waste.

1.

If your home is destroyed. DON'T COUNT ON YOUR if0MEOWNER'S COVERAGE - it has a total exclusion

12. The public is entitled to an energy policy that in no way 4

compromises national security. The public should not be sub-against damage from a nuclear accident.

jected to nuclear Irojan Horses susceptible to sabatoge and at-2.

If your auto is destroyed or contaminated. DON'T COUNT p

tack by conventional weapons.

ON YOUR AUTOMOBILE POLICY -it has the same type of exclusion as does your homeowner's policy.

u

13. The public is entitled to a comprehensive national energy 3.

Il you're injured. DON'T COUNT ON YOUR HEALTH IN-pohey with full environmental protection to assure a safe and SURANCE POLICY TO PAY THE BILL. Your health insurer sufficient supply of power rather than the present circus of may l>e bankrupt as claims mount up and up and up.

hasards and madequacies.

4.

If you need cash. DON'T COUNT ON YOUR CASH VALUE

14. Unid the previously ment wJ rights are assured, the Lif E INSUllANCE AS A SOUHCE OF INCOME. Yout hle in-public es entitled to a moratonum on the forther expansion and surance company may not be in much better shape than

5.

DON'T COUNT ON SUING THE UTILIIY COMPANY.

WHICH OWNS THE REACTOR that caused the damage..

Under the Price-Arulerson Act, total compensation for all a Citizens Bill of R*ights F

victims of a nuclear acculent is hmited to 6560 milhon tand most of th.t is peed,y ~ ta. payers,,_ m,ght ge,,sa

,m more than a few cents for every dollar of your loss FOREWARD 6.

DON'T COUNT ON SUING THE COMPANY WHICH OUILT THE REACTOR that caused the damage. The same Prsce-During August 1973. the Pennsylvania fusurance Depart-Andesson Act lets the manuf acturers of reactors go scot-ment held stuce days of putilic hearings on the risk and in-surability of nuclear elects oc power plants. The hearings brought f ree-7.

DON'T COUNT ON THE ASSURANCES OF THE to hght ser6ous doubts en the scientific community about the NUCLEAR ESTABLISHMENT that you will be able to safety of these plants. They also confirmed that there is a lack of insurance coverage to protect the public agamst the conse-recover all losses alsove the Price Anderson hmets. The nuclear estabhshment says you can go lo Congr ess and esk quences of catastrophic acculents that could occur, for help for any such losses, as can the victims of natural Responding to these f acts, the insurance Department issued "A Consumer's Guide to Nuclear Non-Insurance'* which in-disasters. But you'il have to ge" in hoe behind past flood forms consumers ebout the lack of adequate insurance, protec-and earthquake victims, who s' s sult waetmg for such tion against nuclear accidents. The Department also issued **A payments.

Citizen's Billof Reghts on Nuclear Power." which af hrms that the 8.

DON'T TAKE THE ADVICE OF THE NUCt. EAR ES.

public has basic rights to be informed about the hazards of TABt.lSHMENT ON T HE ISSUE OF NUCLEAR S AF ETY. The nuclear power. : ba consuhed about theit willingness to sccept people that make and run nuclear power plants have such nsks and to rnake the fmal decision on whether such risks assured us that there will never be

• major catastaophe.

should be accepted.

But manuf acturers of nuclear reactors elso make toasters, The tout of these twodocumentais reprinted herein.Weinvite dryers, washers and television sets, asus other household every ne to let us know their views on the subject of nuclear a

apphances. These simple appliances are not completely p wer.

e also urge ye to wnte your congressman, state a

rehable and there is much less reason to beheve that com-legestators, and other government offscials. n,,,,,, s. o,n,,,,,,,

s

.c, plan nuclear reactors are completely dependable.

Inoueence Commessioner Remember: We* e Ialking about millions of lives and billions of us 1.

The public is entitled to full and candid information about

> dollars in property damage.

CO le may t>e that nobody but God could write the insurance pohcy the dangera and benefits of nuclear power in language they can understand, not gust obscure technical jargon araf Madison we need on nuclear power plants.

Unless the nuclear estabhshment can prove infinite perfec-Avenue propaganda.

tion, the only adequate insur ance against catastrophic loss from nuclear accidents is to stop buddmg more nuclear power plants 2.

The nuclear estabhshment. including the AEC, utility com-and to begm closmg down the ones we have now.

panies. nuclear manuf acturers and the insurance industry, has the otaligation to disclose allinformation about the dangers of it's that sample.

nuclear power, reprinted by rrO 3.

The nuclear establishment has the obligation to make all g

relevant snformation readdy svailable nationwide and not simply to store it en document ooms in Washington. Because of the un-a

--)

.Tu/M Enfrgy J/ffrnut/peV d

precedented danger, f ailure to make read fy available allinfor-mation should be subject to sovere criminal pen /. ties.

X423 324 IWomischs Awnue. Watclair. N.J. 67042 f 20H 744-3263 4.

The pubhc is entitled to participate fully in all nuclear I* lease riend a dor = Hon to get on the SEA Alliance analling IIHi power decisicas at alllevels and at the earliest possible time.

and to help un publish & distribute this information.

T he public should not have these decisions rammed down their throats.

Since publication of the draft NUREG in September,1977, the Comission directed the staff ta reevi..uate the long-tem impact of radon-222 from ~the uranium fuel cycle. The reevaluations have been included in the Perkins, Pebble Springs and Black Fox Hearings records in May and June, 1978. Health effects estimates from radon have been conservatively extended into an admittedly uncertain future to incorporate periods ranging from 100 to 1,000 years. Similarly, the staff also extended health effects estimates of carbon-14 releases for 100 to 1,000 years into the future.

These estimates have now been incorporated into the comparison of health effects for the coal and nuclear fuel cycles. The revised tables and Sumary and Conclusion sections of the draft NUREG are attached.

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TUESDAY, JANUARY 30,'1979 ^ "

• 15 CENTS / ' 26 PAGES*..;

&;WAUKEGAN, ILUNOIS

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. Circuit Judge Alphomas Witt at 10:10 p.m. when a jury of six'msa,,..

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d ai. wome. fded ia wich th. verdict arter aimo.t ica,t.au,s of. '.

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killers /som accidents and *'." "ne'"gr"o""p. which included writm. Eachen, a chemist, a ahon hb

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-r; weehh Ediaca genmaung plant in zion.

-. 4. n.[{. T)reugtwyt the wah lung trial the protesters had argued that Irtiersfale,,,'It 's cheers when the decia6ca was read. later, outside the courtruosa.. j.We.g. g sosraeon e OK to 6 the.

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Jury Foreman lloward Kanous of 2782 Varonen Ave.. Waukegan...

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• mcw ma um

,, g,,,,,simg c.,

• '*k U"' ' d^'"' ** 8 ' *

• 42

I, C/2 2 me '* '

'D 28d 7 P"

'" es e.. m - L6to numan saren don't g ency corr rtrowd. A locallsvimamenta!Jr,.earps.m "U."'M" o'f Mich mitat a!!e'ct mbterran'eu e

a e.gw ee veumes.and my sca wo<t w. amp.~#A..*

i M

ns Imam Ccrsos d Oued mon mod wace tsposal p asummsmed p ect tk throats e simpy.

6 Am bdhh p a W =aes la cm k

acc foba h sm2weg." A gesyhraf stracos as worts bcons of words N Proposais to shet atomte prDap to aGer wj, g,,,g.us the powm'nent's PnectahW Nw planets or mm me ma deped a evapa l-w taes,e.s,t.,-c,e,er,s,apre.,n,'en.arn, ever mm w, Mens art.endet

.tnery ee c t

,o, 3a

,,eam,

o. w,ma - s< u omgroues sury in =tas ta the ***st trao** or **

wasi, c. am,,roperty. sisat 1 your cow caa e first unertrneetas dur.ar site. st=cy oceans hasa's bus emugNy studad anc

'g'ow in me dartP cae Texas oca!srs af. la taw W Car %sd Mayor Wgter Ger-sting wouW pm dancate tatmancral 'est gas vb procM 2e swe. whack he prudy erward. "Who do you sue br aQ 2:sr i fertrr-med orne;of ee Erst ammic agio, corts tty 1meeses by photockermsts tai b

{The tverst heartag.de maIk satty 2e non.' anddhi'ptace to ter.a dupostre ar.,wasta rmest h connned tem mful prod overment m-New Mn:o and Taas as utts am saa 2 myR&A ac @

it the cartstad plaa.4 ulustratas algarzg arame pr* imp;m ud oeerety occa;r as Energy Deparurtent off'.clal jor ng probem: After more 2as 3 years 2 ammac 'te' O' pf0iM&.as sornecmg c( as em.

Newess sammu upens sem so c.

power. the 11.3. seu nasn't set a sem poucy ~ nomic toorr. tr<zrns hunerets at acts a an wiscoid at she ear waate. And; now sat ares no dat tryaans a square rma at arid cad on the wisdom at deep poioresiis

m. car er adamstrana is nr me ans.:aad is maaotterst steers. A c,,.

poiah oo Nacosal Acaamy.d scaces

'staps of Sr.a;!y drastag up a waste polley,6 la es ataessg of a psarally accepted Erst recommended act a policyis 1957. fa u ts runner ta:o anocer prommRev com. hkibueepawport tr's tard = nay how N,,

arnent, saltformations.appar a make

~

8 88 883*37 bm* ** '3' r** 82'*"snaed stave for remons at mumen amw:atag to nemme%snang 'Meccans woud vota se tu protect. staa r4 tan t

R grands he h red-not ortage. y :r. Artorney General Tseey Anaya panes eat

'se far.11 states have barred a anc! ear

• a*most'everytodf!In agaanst tL"' Atnong FWE ** W " ' ' *! ** DJ *

• A b# d auchwasta proposals cue

}

mm =pository withia 2ett torders, and Is ime'ra is Be't'-BroristetrLmame.,g men was, accreg =ner escit madr = =ar a=* *= >= *==,-

essie re a-C:ovts. N.5L.

• " u.

~

e i

1

h. }

ms. N Eurumuts Pvecca Apacy

• • m me Nuciar up:amry concessaor :a mar am>=sa me esa at us prop. 8 a* "P'et8

• 8't 88'8d8' b' **l "8 I

ls:

Muy cwaueran breur state representar arty innstrenta arand oe state. -tr eat ws2 mm esposal ud me No.ar Rete

.sv is town.u rvency was samed as ga.,ndt er site. Je furnesc mey inna n. famry hasMs ensing a way as &

i O

ergy Department ee.csak suna up mir tur. buryur ttQa-Cucaso er Deetat.where ense waste tacmess. N Energy Depan-

"""'" ]

O gvonart surpcesmr-W'tica state wants to DieFM usmgath

• ? "*y.*.y g O

to the suc; ear g1thap durrip of 2e ems > bNew Max:cu'r sen. Pete DEie uct, a Ms-mant has bus pg a seees d Ac and r

pr= macati a'oa8 **==trF *$a

,r

_a arc,. e punucu. San many or ais cmemots a,e

+_yrDC ertl.7 73 - 4 # 7tontused andworried* that me project win so many suc! ear wasa M!s are f:cadeg

i. <

v-muning sp 2 new #cy. And P

I 8" '""'9 This ren'rtance cosas is $e %ce af ever i e "cramined.1own eeir throar* by a aral-armed ap that Mr. Cadras. Se b

N'""

r >

l

$g7w.sg arna:s at auc. eat wa. ras, w%cs ' sus Esergy Department. As a result. Se ex-

"'I

• • '*"8- ~*F 18 "

"**"**** *" ?"".8 k"'. no e

. a,,, f,jdTdH= wk trac.ted a promssaaom Esergy seervtary 2eTgtT

,L,ru.~n fnm Federal-Stata Probleas $m. m-@

, w x satesinpews me,c=,,a ave g qJcor wsAo the c:othes wars DyIare absolutaJ"stt's Mte 2e project. sen.

anc.eaF&,rTetGout s e 7uCmt ethie 'eit Dorneruct har proprsed enconal legudacom

5

13.,ra ? vita! *quescon rema!as usaa-

==

E-as s!rs.,,el. sere. :na.my :rgii 4e:ense maarmanry extend sis rig'it to ali states-a swered: what-tr every state vita mitanie m-preg +ama, now are 3 terr'prary startav move that Ge Car er admimstrs'los says it geology for burytag wastes 'hses 's take

= " * = = * '

taaks la south Carcilria. Washing ca and opposes ce %nsamtional gTounds.*

e-2am? In act an avut, fosseral offic*ais are

% - MeanwhJew autremsty radioacave - Enerty Cepartment otneta.s insist $ar 'confuest WaaNegan has 2e rtgit to over-3 t

P'""

used reacierfuel stralas 3e sus 4, capact approach as waste managernent doesn't da.

ride state dec:stans. But mat 'rtigst be a bal-

<3 ties d comriarcial reactrrs-estsag 2e pend on a seg'e decision by a serg'e state.

lcw aumority. 'rie gaergy Departmesrs Mr.

.g,g,M^f.

spectag $at some may ' taw a *w c!%ed.!! New Mexico rt;ects me protect, 93 Ceutet 3 rats.'"werut win at impping As a prac3 cal matter. a

. e-staa nas uos g

t.. %

e.ntaee-o m---..

. wouldst w e end g me woew. nyi:aa

..-pa a.wa.L yes see 24 se!! be Deutc!t. the pr'.actpal arc!ntact of 2e Carter it." he says... ~ "

v',

girJung 'o jnle up ce you " declares"Samas adtrumstracon'swaste strategy. Ocar stes **' CW imdNi@s'eo e,,,me*s e/cetim i

sN,

• ,'r Cadraa. a sciesast br the Namral Rs. In other states are seu possibuttes. says m sc.e* a w t w rae e

.-' scurtas Ce' esse 'aunc0.' an environmental Mr..Deuten. a bemer professor at the Mas. ' eem *a m 3-* The federal purnmest C"" :::;3

ammissaseq gymp. -:t's gamg a w a hall at a menL*.. sachusegcs tasctuteof Tacanosogy, czmd ; ass out va:uable podies *o cooperas-

. rs m -eeune

• i -ca *!*** ", Tears W warh ch tag swas..ca w peg zeir mai eu.

wusie saw.s ymced saca year Ji 'fm 4. b ich h primer is M m M d u taass.2r me snL.tos years." Erp. ydal

• gver 3,wa,ste panc,y betag d, eve'o, ped,,by a,,'

cie,resti Sit o,thers.Wo.ud,-,e.t asch pah mg rry 2a

>17mo.3W L h Wa O

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. eThe remnutson af me earny suc est

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a; g

In:

3p U

mgg.. -

sman, we enges a put a maramrtum a n ' me assories we relanung an eat we taow g lkusshg," arentams Damsenne se. Ga'ry se*re sians y come se via one, me plas

.g.y

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q mw%s

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• O Docesaa,

cyew, Bart d Qderada, chattman et es Smate ese sense..-"* -

s.-t7 -

EL FSMore tana 13 peopt ruaglag ! Isruta and Males annedy have linnand ase,,

g}*

awyean= J Wa*4 --

- Sitiosmodttaa es'leudent Regulanan. Can ;7

.C, e,

3

>o, M.3

,, rec.

a.a Esergy De-

@tma merer==== :n nowm+ee===

atmodessce ametartre bwe be am av[ders Counca a tsvtroamental Qunuty g

r

u d t*

• mtharppaaredta plas is devebped-a poucy tas $e Ptes wasu mat

$ -gh[-

De

...a c-,y[cn=tuys s sar :s *

,d= R sions ne recetyn sevml cana acues se

f.tg&* vocates me me encre U.s. New Yort Gov. den,< mu 4 wrymg ammie preap a y.

mal mas sametanon.

[c k 'MThe tra ottag'saicsmen are sgnior aVHugh Cmy recency sa:4 he e3 seet a har% of me U.S. Ener r,,, g.o make tt (UScum Fee te paluate h-Q e MW u 6 N @ W mc3

....f argw es and smaranz Sey i The a art est e

nam 2 gAernord c a ye m a a a ma sontust.. mental project la New Mex2co as the gov asked ma's ha state be removed from a nst a

.g y)

'.vt De is to

,oc:f a

Pi derately dacpus de*ense wastem 3 drt2 4 teatjtole at one Mictugaa shte...

}

couchmt producSoa. Annc:pacag macara.some*c==tra mat sa mas a med hid can I Erp= mar ud dimentrame orr sch

?-

're g,3,,t t,,,,,,taa

,ca,,,,,,,,e m,a*"**

• be semed and to erperiment e.th mecods of l,tLSc researc

.n yD

&.

• 5' g?ad auct ramn"et.a mnm.wa:sta. Technactaas believe that try cocung startad as awful tot of thmgs wh

.= =mw.ng = men tone mns e adene to.ne,ccue:es, wut espoon.., W. v.

1. metup

- L

• • ' d

• Wock wtmmt apannt damap m 13 go the wastas, encasmg tem la several ayer1 cm.t anntlt. a government expert con-C, '. M 1,i U

.y wastecatainen,

1

' cedes. "Ntar.we ve come up sta is a lot of g"*;,",,[,,T,, e,,',",

or prolac=ve mater 2 ; and then placing thern in aderg ocad caverus.- the st> gi,i,,, p.g.wth M.a-E p wi:

re

,,y,. ge,g.

l o;,

• C.hedys* w e.sa m.am stances can w safew storet mdesanair. e i

U jdersand how the; whole a!! alt Dat.be p M.-

Te ccaaW be,I T% twMr Dearmet.dordesnam.

[N g.3 l

t

came caamr. Aad one otheW w

tac uu estder ts year tssued a aeoort quesconmg

<N me am*b.y aangerous es:ec:a as auned not

. knowledges to the audience cam f

g t, e

,g;;;-,

Meiewed as propapada, an anampelo put w a.noacy,e wuas a mc'emeu a e e% w_

g f

1. h ""h Y'h chm $@.3 g "#dh imatSe macitarwastes emW be yanked out

• • 4 5 or sisentere.nyederal ot*ctals parrase tw.d water-as tasue also raued try ma U somectag over as the U-NM s Mce of Emes,and Techad

.O...$..4

6. %..;=mw=.=ma -wp-%.of ce C,artsbai,ste i,proble,ms a. rose.,:

o,gy Policy.-A,not,her.concarPCn,ces note we aena,

,,,,o.,, m p,,.

e me,

e% em dvs 't! yormto tatt peple et incc:rar tuakes, cama:e chanps and soc:al apaeav-

) 4M).

a y

. g"N

'..!' trow 1 A beallsvtronmentanst 'charps.wasm pms and why, it takes a 6 dWct agM N mfmanean i

couple of vehnaes.and 2ey st3 wee ~t be-storgwe* *Mak.. a.w.1

.6.

,M k

ti*ra.you."Onaltitans Emanual Cordos of Ocarf :nore novel was:e d;sposal pre dava 2 Amme Inde %sn."One em-gPams seern m M decadu !s ce hatum Qecc b,iks in the Southwest." A gra denouww me gowwuneot s *trados sa worts timons of words "4 P?opca4s.to shoot storrne preage to omer s

t e

nety IMScs.'*!CGers arpress ' concern Mw Mancans ara evided planes or h me ma Med a WW Ibout ce W'sc's'd transported %cl ear over medonorfaf besar chaserta 2e aa.

boiproof neans of launcher rocke'a. Bizry-mg=== ta = *oeit==nea at me 3,.-

mm o esir properr. -wut ::yar mwe :a#' ar58 =>mmats wrsar ste. scarer mans hasat ban mmgNy sW and

[e

.*f g!aw to the dart ** me Teraa weelers af is *2vor W Cartsbad Mayor Wgter Germw wouid ;xze de1cate intennenas tent ques-

• h8 M3 ce state. whica he pacy terwart "Who do you mae br an misr*

l rne recut nearmg-ee saa aany = ertrs 2=4oud ** sat amrme =>+ coas arace$a dr **="ce='s ea'

?

g6verament la New Mexico and Texas as enfamMeafplace to begia disposr.g or, waste not be cond ist,3 undut prod uca = is a metr Rao acfarer =

u emssad pia : m.trame a car 2g amrme neeare:un and oeer=ry seczr as Energy Depanment W.c2al r.

problerrt: A!!er more $aa 3 years at amtruc view me prrect as son etaint of an ecc.

NoneMass, namens upens mns se power 2e 17.1, an3 hasn't set t Sr:rs poucy : nom 4 boort br'arng hudreds W pts to an 2ed on me w.sdon: W dup geercal &

ourdisposa6 of niaclearwasta. Ancnow cag'aru so dat It** sass a mitare male of arid

~

ee Carter adanistracoa is-a the snas,tand to mococt%ct steers. A G :. a.

psal: @e Naconal Academy,of 3ewaces

'staps of Sr.a!!y drsstag ey a wasta pobcy.s' ta en absecoe,of a prierally acceptad Snt.--.L sach a policyls 1957. De It :s ruamag Lato anocer protilerfdsw sm. SbMpiaWpoi!.Ws tard a say how Nee W. Womam appur m make good smo bias. pardy because 2ey al-g.mnds be me red-not pressac & :,piag ','Aexicans woui& voca on the project. Sta:e[Accrosy Gene mumtes am.vu! Lag a becomsidwn 8

mady 3am m:rtained stah W mahns W l

R 7 So tar.11 states have har ed a nue: ear. al most ' everytodf ~1s apanst LL" Amg pam. W W-6&* -

3 < -'M o

l A bat.cf smhar =:e pregosa's em i

waste repostory withis est borders, and :s a cerra is see Emstein a-covta. N.M I

! "'.*, *. }

d snore are coasdering act taas, actor @g est:ther efioDrots.2at transport of waste to mney art ederensiomaco is Waamag-

28. no Eawronatental P?otec as Agucy l

• ^.3 a the Noclear Reg's atory Carrrussson, Whs-ste may dimnaiah the ralue of his prop, ma upac's a set s.andants W deaW

(=

Mary C'Hallarat.*a brtner sa:e representa arty tawstments around me state. !! cat

amry camsma!. and m Nuclear Rage mm wasm esposa Z

tre in town who roeracy was named an Ea-tr sale famesc"Sey should be ia mang a way a 3-O ergy repartment ac: cal sams o this nur barytag. :t:;a e er Durmt,where y"""has tra$""ag a*sems""W puM"e an 8 87

".* con 2nr smocc:mmrnica sate== = wre =ue 7..u:

i 4

W New Max:co't Sea. Pete DEfte*uct, a Ra.

O be 2e sucear gartage dump of 2e etna-1 JrG 6"tilcan savs/many of his consdtsents are pmam meecngs amnd me mucy hm L

• Wel a 4 d"r.'e" tar mdem.r s r s "m"any nuc':aarw' d " sits a coan"'g

• ^

I v,i afu=ed =o-ad =t ee nect =n sistance codes :n se esce or cur _ r= eramined sows ear eroat ny a ars.

r-- ~

e n

Am

& mad Capimi 23 mat W. Cochrsa, m p.

nts

$C own mows at cac. ear ts.rus. =%ca 3as Eaergy CepartmesL As a resalt.he a-i ennm "They Saw rdre rvi ceTgh, ad oache rwd( rac ad a promise.froret Energy Secntary **inum assent i

g

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a i

• "O*"I I

N*

y". -y+

n,e weg-es n M %&rms ScNeenpr'3at the state vin have i

g I

- yw-Wars _ao 3e clothes wara Dy;arp atmotstafgtm veto ce prowet. sn. Federal State Prcblect yNJ W F*..,, { =:-cucmsirersN t 4 manoe ame ' wit :Demenus has proposed naconal'eg.stacom Sna..f aIettal huescos ' remains;unaa-t i

J-c" of h:tbend waste, za.a.y lrrin aefense to %rrnacy enend 213 right 2 all states-a swmduWhat If every state em mitan6e pag ams, acw are 2 temtorary storage move'tiat the Car *er administrados says it enicty 2r barytag wastes ref:ses *.o ::ke 1

[

g' ww" '

tanas hs South Caroi ria. Wasseg on med opposesan tnasamoonal grounda.*

e-mem? Dr mch an event. W.arsi afficiais are i

[g

• ' !dabas MeadeNle, atrimely radicareve. Energy Department omctais insist their ant!dnt Washicgton has te eg%t a over-3 used reactor ftset stra:as 3e swap cagnet approach ta vaste management acesn't de.

rde stata dec: mons. But mat might be a he

.--M.t.

ces of comiiercial rescurs-ra; mag te pend on a slare dec;sion try a magie state.

!aw aueority. tBe Energy Depar*.mesrs Mr.

R

., jg,

Dutch mars.--As a pracucal matter, a spec:eg ma.t some inay han m 5e -!ased.tf New Mexico re:ects :ne pro:scr. 9t-state nas 1.za effent ways of stopping dews ta e a m.,,

t-

wouanrt be a end of me went. says Jana i

i

.w i- - -

L

.. m J.i a.sead you see 2e stu! he* Decct the petactpas are!:ttact of to Carter it he says...,

V.

,7.. Q*

garting a pee up as you..declaris bornas adminutracoownste strategy. Ctaar ste 'o m 1ousV@vio e *strn%$-im_

cxarsaca sciennst br me Namrs Re ;a aber stata in inn posandtees san

-.. e,- m ' r

?-

umrces Defense Counc2;an amrcamental Mr..Deutca, a ermer pretusar at the Mas ' c t o m,-. ne 'ede-s p,mmut

%l group.-n s gotag a de a hast ar a mes.*/.. rs se+ee.ine *e a - ss alms *we. =<w=atts ta ctute of yecanosogy.

ing smes, n.cs y parag meir reu

.ar, 3,,.,.of MM.

ma pass =t vatuatde goodles to ecperat-g I mee now : pmoucen eacs year 3 2* 4. h me m. p,a,, y semt u,em,ed,y a

,, d g,,

taxa,tr me sat.tas yurs-any. yda

?.he scr4 2e rever a-eg.algla-= =* * '"* = Wae.ma=r agosts aut aine.orry 2at men pou 3

i Amt caer cDuid lead a rash ludg"neets by !!n&A

== "'*258 >== "' 'e sentwe" mam W PMrmt um M M pis r indenicar er sy ocr. i. As tmprtang c 5

m,3aan s are untng a do stat anywn; 8 *t 9e' n*ntwsm donestn

'n"'a".m te st mm. -s wt eas we 3,,,,,,,t is mis poacy w 3,,,ne sartar,a,,;w,.

[

O memen says see. Ma,t. a o,pa.: m, a

.,y.,,

4 han pondes eat produce anclear mes er isosaang wastes %mh er mousands te*8" proposais- * * ' ^ ~ ' '

aban we.aot ha,ve re= that prodias sun n

s o n at tse many sucsear j'

O 7

.,.. o ruso u aasan waae wtu :arply depend as me s csear arana,.... san, Rep. Marts Udn%g,,,,, piray > ac,g w.,

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.u..

aalmaa af me How hisum C[urars:Ist Ity of **= e6sted br jet a tre

A* Depa.rarima noer mye sca a tacanty taa'tnm. m==

.we=== wn= nr cit r _;/_1 m = *cas e a= =

ir a =ct at.wa.e um nir c= "=. r Wnar..s naar me tarpuse ss in sn=cr'--d af nars tam me fantre.

. E e"Neclear hegurJU*h A d' f adanaistraana ".P.','t 'e/L" j =nos is

$ Drea:

t -

w wut n me =r

,0.m-

=- n udas gs.-m dam m.g p:.n. ansm v ans.,as % et to;aanors M4, trisy sum h fact sat me pursment ts mio, mar he epassibia,. -

_e lt.Y 4*y c -

i M

-.. - ~. _ _ _

1 353 r

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