ML19242C992

Forwards Section 19 of 721026 Testimony for ECCS Hearings Dealing W/Reactions Between Zr Cladding & Other Core Matls

ML19242C992
Person / Time
Site:	Crane
Issue date:	06/27/1979
From:	Meyer R Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
To:	Mattson R NRC - TMI-2 LESSONS LEARNED TASK FORCE
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References
TASK-TF, TASK-TMR NUDOCS 7908140321
Download: ML19242C992 (18)

Text

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2-NUCLEAR REGULATORY CCMMISSlCN UNITED STAT Es

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5...~.. J June 27, 1979

?'EMCRANDL'M FCR: Roger J. Mattson, Director L'

Lessons Learned Task Force FRCM:

Ralch 0. Meyer, Section Leader ruels aection Core :erfor ance 3 ranch

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r-C-U eutec:ic '#:r ation in licensing work.

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dai ms It shculc :e em:nasi:ed :na: :he er:erature of #0rma:icn f this e; ec:::

(arounc 35CCC:) is well above tra 2 2 : 00 : LCCA it,its and,:here# re, wcui:

"c nave :een :iscussed in an ECC3 nearing and wcuid nc: ce relevant 0 any current licensing analysis.

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19-1 19.0 n.*EI. RCD Prf SICo-c"I'c CAI. ?"AC'"ICNS This section discusses these physico-che=ical interacticns a=cng the various

aterials of ec=nercial ligh: water reactor fuel rods and their 1:nediate envir:n=en during a icss-of-coolant accident (LCCA). The zirconiu

stea= rea :'en and its consequences sere treated in the prericus secti:n.

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.4 a<aw these tests were in encess of 2400*?.

The authors state that th e C r-Al w.4 h';

eu:ectic has a neiting point of 24c0*F.

The severe te=pera:ure ::ansients

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in these tests were initiated by the so-called ":cly-shift" a::ributed to y;

use of =clybdenus heating ele =en:s in the siculated fuel reds.<' 2 The

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the kan:hal heating elenents were cre easily con::alled and the hi;;h te:-

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pera:ures necessary for :he :*r.C eu:ee:ic forma:icn were nc 2::sined.

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felt in June 197'. tha: this new informa:ica did act indi:a:e a pr:ble:

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'iational intervencrs have exrressed ::nce=s abcut eutac:i: reis:ed physic -henical rhenenena.

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19-3 The cencerns appear to be supported and reinforced largely by recc=enda-

~1ons for future work in the C;C reper en 3'?R FI.ZCHT ne:allurgical evaluatica discussed sbove. The entire future verk sec:1cn of E;-1453 is reproduced belev:

"~he fac: that netallurgical performance anenalies such as the al:sina-:irceniu= nce patibili:7 can occur raises :he cuesti n of wha: nigh: happen in an ac:ual ICC situation."

"As shown in Figure ~3 (sanple number 1) of this repcrt, :ircenium

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ated 00 (held fir:17 agains: the tube vall by external iater pressure, :her=al expansi:n, or internal cen::11 hele pressure) l' u..< w-u, u.ag a

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diffusica process [13],* 1eaving uranius cr fissiu= to alley with the circonium causing a phenc enen sinilar to tha Obserred in the E00 Tes:s :.-3,

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"Another possibility is that :ube perforation, resulting f c:

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eutec:ic =el:ing caused by the lantern springs er resulting f c:

sq M

cther causes, veuld allev steam to core in contac: with the CO.

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-4 The CO: cay be converted to U 0s which veuld ther:cdynamically 3

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.,.y be expec:ed to reac: with :he Zir:alcy. *hese possibilities m,

f, bear further investi;a: ice during future work."

1 The foli:ving addi:icnal ques:icns were raised:

1)

Is heat relasse due to eu:actic fornation ac::unted f:r in m

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. p the calculati:nal procedures? o--

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• hese questions appear : have aise evelred frc: the referencad 3C

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'he Ci! :esti=:ny for the ECOS rule = akin; hearing 3-i again que:es and a

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19-5 of Zr-Fe eutectic in ORNL. ulti-red burs: tes: No. 7 was net applicable to a L'R LOCA. Again, oxide inhibi*ica of eutec:ic formation and cc:puter

=cdeling were questiened. The folleving sections deal vi:h the various conce ns noted abcve.

Reac:icns of Claddine and Ncn_-Zircalov Grid Eracer Material _s

he falleving sub-section as suggested and prapa.ed hv CTS. in v-i::en em...s.o u.e a.,a.:.:...

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"Icth physical retallur-v and ther cdynamics cust be censidered in eXa ina-s.

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molten eutectics to fora by reaction of the cladding with sene grid e

x, spacer aterials. Their for=ation could result in penetration of the

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,~a.,,_,_ _ -~.-, x ms n.-*- ~~~ ---- n-m.m.m. ~ z -.

---w--w m - -~~=

? - ~

~

-~ =-

T2 m._ e %. s w.A

• -. +

m.1 1

.L

_ = >

< -*..,.i uw

A:,c a+,

_ s e.<

.s

- N.i 1 a.1 i

l kcal/ cle of Ni, assu=ing the a=cun: cf Z: present is large, cc pared :o the a: cunt of nickel.

"The abov-indicates the approx 1:ste add' icnal heat produced b/ the reac-t '.o..s.

U..wev e *., '.. e s *. ". ' ' '

's e a A s a

• b ed..d a. 3.,- ". e ".. _ a. '.... w.#

. '. e o.T. c.a.

m.

a.

eu:e::10 f ren the solid phases. n.e a cun of hea: absorbed in :he

_ g.e. <. 3........

,e 4

.s a...,,x<-.a.e

.,. 3 s.. 3.,.c

, ' =., a.2.'

a.' e e. s..'. a. <

y..

~

that.f the es:imated oclar heat produced by the reae:icns.

3.13 assess-

,.... <.>..<. a. e 5.u.a.

<..a,f ue _<-y.-..,

..a...

.O

. -. a. < > e,.

. u.,...

C.,.

<.~... -

y

...u

.u.gge

.gae.<-

s

.O

..-d,a e

34..-

......,a. 4.:. u.. e.7

<-,C..-..

,.., 3., s s 3

s

..s.

eX. a.

"~.,

.3, m.

. u.a.

- -._. C s.. < -.. s

w. a.

,., C.., C' s-44S.-.. s.e. e.A.

a.

u y

a,0 n. e..<, '

.e, n..z e

.a.4.:.:..

.a...,

w.

y wa 3.<

e_..

e*.2*.'..'a.

d e "r...w' a ". *.

".k,.S~...~e"..v-.'.

".".'.e.'.'.".##"..~~-g".'..'.s-"ya.' a..*....

2"*.

A

. 3 w

.y

. t.a. ex.< -. <.

3,.2., 3..s. a a 3,., a s 3 a...-

.a s : : ~. g..-,. - e t,,e,

.z.

.g s

s y.

-el'. knc.n that for :hese : up'es :: he effe::ive, :he surfaces of :he n..,.

.,J*

..u.,-

y.

....a u@-.

u. e..

.1..,

3 =C L, w, a

a. f,p a,..

.a.< a,..

...y..

. s..e o _#,. e,. u.e

.at.:.2..

2,.

..... a.........a.

,.a.,,e..,_

.s..a..O...

2... t,.*.a ue

.a

.u a....

v.

..-.p.1.<

2.,A a

..a.a..... e 3,,,

o.u.e X.z a. e.34.. S

,,,4..<

.g,,,.

ou..,.

2 J,

., s s.:

.sw

..s...

4. e.' a. a.a.s.. $

.. a.

,. < >.. aya..a.

3. e. a.3.' a.

ww,.

a_ m. y.. < S..e a

2....:

a..

4...>.< a., s

m. u,3.

..u.. gn. e...,.. a.

e.1 2.

$ D e g 2..a,. u. g

.s. -., 4 4

.e ?s-3._. m.. e 3..,.,,..... u. e p.a

. o.a c. a.0 S,.e.

3....,.a.-

. u. a u,, 0...o..,

. u. a.

-. 4. a.

-..a.

w.

s.

.....aw.

a

.3.

u...

.4.. e '.,.. : a. 2..,. C. '.a.

.u.e a.C.a. :. a 3 :. < -... "

._.4..

/

I '.

,\\

) )

a'QL^-

',M g

W s

B

~

~ - -:

s'_

4

^ *

- w - - --

Je m -

'2 A"

3 d

s;.

Q f

.1:u.? M ', w w m. &.** --3 2..-,.__'. _ &.,

~.--2_..

- f. y y ;:q,,.

g

_* g er V

l 19-8 w

I

.s i

.4 i

Cc: uter Code Siculation of Crid Scacers and Related rutectic ?craat' n Sc=e i=portant aspects of grid spacers and eutectic for:atica would, i#

.g 3,

incorporated in fuel elenent heat up codes, lead to Ivver calculated j

-.a te=peratures results. For example, the power genera:ica at grid spacer l

locatiens is depressed by abou: 5-101.,. e

., If a grid spacer were adjacen:

l to a het spc:

and the pcver depressien were a:: unted for, the peak clad l

y te perature a: the grid spacer veuld be about 100*7 lower :han presen:ly a

calculated.

n addition, :he effe:: cf ;;id spacers in the sub-channel enhances hea: ::ansfer locally, h*either the pcver decrease

.0: 1:Or:ved heat transfer fue to the fin effects of the spacers is included in curren:

J LOCA evalua:1cn cdels.

l i

.J

}

e Cx..Je T. e..n 4 %..i e. d. v.,

4 me i

'4es :1:ghcuse and 3F4 subj ected 21r:21:7 tubes with incenel g: ids to 1

t stea= envir:::ent for a range of c:ndi:icts 'ncluding these expe::ed in 8

i t

tcca.,s.

13,.2..

2 i

3 i.

In no case fer which cladding :e:peratures were belev 200C* ? vr.s :ladding integrity breached due to eutectic f ::a:i:n.

• n.dditien, 'Jes tinghcuse f.

performed a se: of similar experimen:s in Argon which dc=cnstrated i

., e a,.,.../. u..

.a, u. s. a. a,,

..c.....,

,,..e..

.u.e ng.$.ae

.,. a. a,..

n.,m.s.. e n.. e >.... u.,.

e staa tests.

?heto nicrographs shewed :ha: the cxide layer f:ned in a stea= enrir :=en: vas re:7 effective in preven:ing 3:cd :enta:: and cre

.ap s..a

., 2 w.. a.,

.a.. u..< a.

2 a.s.:.. >.,... A.'e>

e.,c.ae.

.a..

a p

/

i{Q I

4 s

t t

k

.cv.

,7 m

.m. x s.

c -.,-. - m.m-- m.-

- -,,m ~

.,.c. -. q

_ 3.,,, a.__

~

-T-

'v

hh.

_ _mauw me%Gic'7v.NC Ch> t.%A :%4n. J.w -5MI_.weMPAM n-19-9 CO- - Stea: Resetica The reaction of UO: with stes: to for: higher cxides, notably U 03 was 3

studied by 3aker, et al. M.20 S e authors noted that although the free energy of formation f avors the rea: tion, very s=all s: cunts of hyd:: gen inhibi: the reaction. A substantial ancunt of hydrogen would be expec:ed

be present frc the Circal:" steas reaction. A staff :alcula:1:7 shcVed abou: 0.05.cl f ram.icn of hyd: gen near a het spot at 11C0*F.

The authors shcw that even at :e:peratures subs:antially above tha:

cxrected in a 'CCA the kinetics of the reac:icn are verv. sicv. The 2 -d-0 reacti:n, f : ins t anc e, is 10 ti=es faster above 1000*y.

Therefore, during

he ve y short tire interval during a LCCA when 3:e2= has access :: :he UO; at elevated :e:peratures (af ter rupture of the cladding), Only a ve:/

s=all amount of exida:icn c:uld ec:ur. Se report - -' cencludes,

"~he

,2 reac: ion of UO: in the presente of a reac:ive ne:al would be expected ::

bec =e significan: culy after the netal has been completely :xidi:ed."

This could caly cc:ur af ter =uch longer e cpesures and higher temperatures than presently calculated for a pcstulated :,0CA.

00; and U 03 Reaction with Cir:eniu=

3 The ther:cdynamics and kinetics of the Cr-UO rasc::.cn were explored ex-tensively by Mallet:., --

Thernodynamically :he f ree ener7 of :he w

reac:ica is near zero so :he presence Of small :: unts of rea::ica pr:due:s inhibi:s :he reacti:n.

!= fact, '*estinghouse in their tasti.:cnr

',),

..-)

b b

v _ % m *-,vrv m -=.

64mM -',

s +.

s..

w,

. - --- * --ny n; - m.- -. -.,.---c.,

--:m;;..e.

- ~ ~ - ~ ~

~

c., x -

f

- w w.

5 esem.o.a -

M n :.. p. w..~.. <

p.

. y

.s n.c x, _ m. g

.,,.a, -.

g..

r.-

.., :~ :.;. w?

..,.,x..,.,.,

3n.

ny

.,~,..

..m

&y

~%..

)W

.n.

<c.s.

.9,0

?:

.,n.

I 1

?

shows the free enerp. to be pcsi:ive.

• he author shcws tha: the kinetics J

of reactices are indeed.sicv up to 20C0*?. The reactica is shewn as a

?'

expec:ed, to exhibit parabolic behavic: and to follev a typical A::henius t-9 s.

eq, plot.

pd

" %s

.1 I: is therefore no: expected t. hat any extensive rea::icn voeld cccur even

-wC a' ove.' O C o, * ~. "... e. a. s...' m. o' "v303 ". ". *...' d.. - a.. ' u::2 ". c u.'.d.a.

1. a. e. a d.

ba since the for=ati cf I'303 is not significant neithc would :he 4

4

.e 3 n.o..t n n

n..e V j V 3..t.

u...s

. n 4,.3.

n m 3

~4

..,.4 N

.=" -. '.. e.. o. a,...> e.~..'... _.. 2.'

.' a e...m.. -,

cw~.'2.=>.

. ',. ~..".e"=."...s 'c ~<"

~~

.'i e

sec :.cn of i-il.f3,-, wculd c be expec:ed :c end.s: cencurrently du:ing a LC.i.

kr.er. :he tenperatures are pcstulated to be elevated fc: a icnger

.y st p e.< ~a a:..a.e,

. u.,. s,s.c=

.,ss.u.,..

s,. so.,,.'.u.a.

,a; s.

2..s.. -.a m.

V 4

possibl/ rupture due :o inte nal pressure wculd preven: in: irate cen:ac:

.. >4A

.f c1 'd.

and =cs: cf the fue' naeded fc: significan: reaction to cccur

.6.,

9 9.a,;

except fc scue s all 2 Cu..* which ight be CheOically bcuded and al*ead'f

+

s's

'l

_ o. a p. a.*

• • %. e ~. aa* e Q a e a.4.,a om.

. %. e

.1..a.A.).e

, anA.,. e.. e.,. s.. a.

e. - n.s. %. e :.. e.*

3 mF a.,.4.g 3.

C.'s a.'. c '.. '.

2. a. s a 3 a.'.o. g. e.d.#u e.'.' a.d d..' *.. g.-...'. c.. ~.~.. a s e 6' 1

.ea,

.o

...w e.

.,.s

., se.3 2...

.w....

n.e.

4.3.1

.eae.,...

.w... e.. e,..__ c.

1 c.

c.

..a

,+

v concern ninimi:e the pctential phenc enon.

P Reaction of itean with Eu =ctic mic a

-1 LI ex.,.g.y,

.n~u..-

a

..e,g.,n..a..

.a,

.<a

.._. _e;.,

.s,y.a.a q_.

.,a.a,....,..a..,.,

u

.a 14 4-

.O s..M. f..g

.M.

..p 4

g q 9 9.

.3 qqq a.

y 9 J.. ;g...., C a e. g..a 4-gg A

g,g N

D d

'1 FT e

'. f fs

/,

e.

' ',\\ t )

\\

\\_,

+

i<

1

,\\

I m

8=

T ww._

___T"#P 9'G"y"#,.

f, y, gu qwww per.epg..; y. p p.g. g pp. 9.,ymy n%.g

.g,y ang,.,.u.. p 9_.,que gy-p a. *Q.r,,,,,,p m.

1 m __

.u..

M4

.- %,co-wA1% m.*e'-_mer s'.h w.

wua

-.m.m a-&-= AJIlik1 19-11 retal to the stes=.

This has not been observed to occur excep: w1:h :he Zr-Al eutec:1c fo=ed in Zr-3,4,5 sed reported in IN-1453,3, a: te=pera-tures well above 2200*?.

Finally, as stated in Section 19.2, the ficwing liquid deccuples the reae:ica system. This =eans, as shewn in experimen:s si=ulating reactor "nel envire=ent, 19.2,13.19,19.19

• hat little celt would for= and ve 711::le reae:icn would occur.

u'C,.T.

u.,,3 4...., a. e s.

v.. o.

l l

ORNI.

'.7 5 213 15 presents a qualitative descriptica of :he results of burs:

. a s. v.. o. i

.4..g ega a.o.:c _. a.,c,,. a, eu....J,

".y.. g

e. 3. g. ~.33 e m.. -

.4 a.,.7 fe.

si.ca it used a s: sinless steel grid and was :.:n in an Argen a::csphere.

Since :his test was no: designed to s:udy eutec ic fc=ation and, there-fore, did not include all of :he para =e:ers necessary to evalua:e :he o

e-.'1.'

. ". -. e". ~. e -..'.- e.< -..' c '..,.' ~. 3. =. su A ~ s

(~.'. ~.n' - =. 3 a..' ~.oo.'.~.a.~.'.~

~

e for:ation) cannot :e :aken as represent.itive cf the reactor situation.

.u..,.

.a.a cn e -..

... u <

2.2:.*2

._a....:.,.,..

. e as.s... e. u.e ae.:, a.,..,.

e e

e.

3 that potential physico-chemical reacticas are sufficiently underst d a:

this tire, and do cc~ represent a =2j or uncertainty '-1:h respec: Oc safety c alculations. The pri=ar/ ::ncerns raiacd -ith respect to potential ph'/sice-chemical reactions (other than Zircalev. steam rea :icns) are these er ressed

"., ~..e"u...'~- ". ' C ~' c c ~. e.'

.= c ' e. ~..' s ~ 2.

~%. s e ~. ~ ~... ~. ~. e A.o o.

• o., e 1.-

~.~ '. ' =.

~

shared by any of the recogni:ed experts consul:ed en this ratter.

lif, j

,n

. s.e g=

_-y

~

1 Q

m.

,..~A 4

u, c. ;% g

,"*^^_mt h

g

. q A%, #.g q'p 9 m_

6oe

$a v.+

19-12 r-h..

c5

.c,.

x$

In Sectica 13.0, E=b'rittlemen:, a :e=perature li=it of 2100*F vas suggested.

I:

1 If this 11:1: is adep:ed, only very s=all a: cunts of :1rc-nickel eutectic A,ix

'g$

could for: and gross =elting of inconel veuld be precluded.

he kinetics w+

c 16 and ther=odynamics of the other physico-che ical phenomena are less 11:1 -

a,&

. :.s'

@I ing than the =ir -steam reae:1cn. It is, therefore, the Regula:Ory staff's v

+='

..:w,

-4 epinica that na additional limits are required.

.-._ y

-5:,

r;

,o 0?liL in their vri::en cc==ents -*12 suggested nu=ercus i=pr:ve=ents :o

a..,

_.s

his repor:. Additionally, C32;!. c : curred that the various reactices con-

c..>

.,4 sidered in this chapter are unlikelv, :o have serious effect in a 10CA.

^*

-m

.1.

.C;C in their vritten c==enta fel: : hat all reactic=s bu: the ircalcy-y<

incenel eutec:ic vould be precluded belev 230C*y

• 2 The 3&W e= peri-

.w V

rents were cited.-#

2-Tc=ulatics of a ti=e-temperature lini: is recc -

2. :

2..s cended; h:vever no quan:itative sugges icns vere presented for for=ulating G;

such a 11:1:. As no:ed in See:ict 13.0, we have suggested a ti=e-temperature l'

11:1: for oxidation; hcVever, the basis for deriving this lini: did cc:

7 J

[

includa pc:en:ial f:=ation of Zirconius-Nickel eu:ectic. Our basis for 9

believing tha: autecti: for:stic: is not a proble: is based on :he

. J i

'/

fac: cts discussed above.

c l

4

..Y a

9..hw

'1

'd

.e l

-M

%4

,4 8

.6=1 d

p

e 8

er t

a oJ>

a

• -v'Jf. --

• e

.-. mm'.,c,.,C.-m.,__-_4-__

s-m.

gr-m

Tk, m. --].-w n - 2 Alw w; ~t:rm -v..,.a _m& w. un n

. _muy.: in+4h$

.i v,is 7

c. r.: _ o. rv..C. 5 :. n,R t o. 0 n r,- ~

o. CD e. u..v. n-CC-CL-- v C Ae w. C.. C.. d 1

ECCS Rulemaking Exhibit er Transcript Vo lt=e No.

19.1 H. A. McLain, ?ctential Metal '4ater Reacticns in Light 'Ja:er Cooled Reac: ors, CF5:.-NSIC-23, August 1968.

95 19.2 M. J. Graber,~4. F. Zalecny, R. I. Sch :nk, A Me:211ur71 cal Ivaluatien of Siralated 3W Iner enti Core Ccclin2 Tests, I5-142 (Mar:h i

i l o., ~..

.3 l

19.3 ICOS Rule:cking Hearing, Occket FM-50-1, Transcrip: page 14:15.

Vol. 72 8

h 19.4 J. D. Duncan, J. I. Lecnard,~~ne il Rescense rd Claddin2 ?ericinance of an 12 : e t-. al ly Pressuri=ed. Sir:21 v-Clad Eiralsted 3W 7':ei 7"-d'a Cooled bv 50:3v Cnder

• ss-of-Cecir -

c., u...... e :. Ac.13.'.'.a, Ae.4.'.i c. '..

.'t.,.

-. ~..-.

s 19.5 ICC3 Rulemaking Hearing, Cccket RM-5C-1, Transcript page a64C.

Vol. 23

'J e

i

'W

.... **-*; V W n W T v w n%..

m.. _'T.:M_.. y ?^=*re--n w w w---- ~..w ~,. m : m n. ; e.

O-3MA g

-gh*

~e, is- ~. :,m n.

h 9

E g,'

g ix

.s

• • ,q=.-

.k

[

g

-'gg--

-.y

a, -.

...w e... '....i,,.,.-

n_ _. z...w,

<. --..u

.:.ne w,..,,

c. w w c; 4)..; 4 ;.m, p.~em_w...

(_.,

y

. - ~. g.,,,a

..wJ

._ m%c,.,,.

~

_..y N

k.,).

iy 19-14 N

$!E h

REFERENCES (Cent.)

'A v;.

r-FF ECCS Rule =aking s

7xhibit or x

%.<)

Transcript e

y

.,c l e= e N..o.

.m"_

e 0,5 19.6 D. F. Fcrd, 'd.

W. Kendall, Ja=es J. McKen:ie,

3

~.$

A Criticue of the New AEC 2esirn Criteria for

."m4 D

Reacecr Safer. Svstens.

Unicn of Ccncerned pj y

~. 7 Scientists, Cambrid;e, hss., Cc:aber 1971.

270

• f

.m)

A 19.7 Testi=cny of Participant Censolida:2d Naticnal

%e

. '[

Intervenors for ECC3 Rule =aking F. earing, 9.,

'r i Occket RM-50-1, h rch 1972.

109t.

4

..w m,

19.3 ASI.3 Eearing Transcript, Censolida:ed Ediscn n

,j-Cc=pany of New Tork, !nc., Indian ?:in: No. 2.

.c

,c ck e t

,.<.c.

.e. r..,, pp.

.,.,oc v

f.

s

.y 'l 3

.,1 l

• .%.1

.T Q. Q, 4 k.4 4., pp.".o.".%.

a O

s

.s, b

,Q a s. 4 2.,

u,.e. a

. c..,

..10 i.

i., p..,.:.

v.

..1,

-n

.q h

19.11 Reference 19.4, pp. 4610-4

'le '

23 s d.

~.

S Q.1.a

.3gga.

3.

m.,

.g..g.

.g 3. :.

7..... h. 'e"**

'.I e

s r-

- +

,3

.nm.

.JJ W

d P

k (M

4 e

i e

,J h

O

,-1".'P** "#g94meeg 4NnF N Py g

,N**

• N WN 5*%

.'_r* ry *spf ? WPg g.gpq-p s %e y *4ryge.e.g.N'7 M n.gre. Y_.u. f_ sp,gfr. * -e *=g--W.T P_p. g v

.m

.W%8'

.j

.g-

=a,

. m, an

-~g 4-

_a m

_g e

g 7.

dnp -%a ? %.,y:e o_. =-2 a.% r--eshoxN"x +, h)1kh, O * :w - -m e, - m C c= d..

4 _. :-

~%

n

.e - Wh.g,#-+W x.'-.

~-

~ Y : ~'. ' -

4 h

19-15 l

REFERENCES (Cont.)

ECCS Rulesaking Exhibit er i

}

Transcrip:

Volt =e No.

19.13 M. Hansen and K. Anderke, Constitutien of 31nari Allovs, 2nd edi:icn, McGraw-Hill,1953.

19.14

0. Kubaschevski and C. 3. Alccck, Metallurtical S.e mechemistri, 4th Edi:ica, t'

Perganen ?ress, 1967.

19.15 Leo 3:ever, UCRI.-16576 (1966).

19.16

?. L. Rittenhouse, D. C. Echsen, R. D. Waddell, Jr., The EF --: ef Li ht-Water Rea: cr Fuel Red

?silu e en the Aras Avails'c le for E ertency Ccolant Flev ?c11 vi: 2 s Less-of-Ceclant Accident, CPSI.-475: (Jan. 1972).

506 19.17 Wisconsin Electric Fewer Cenpany, ?: int 3each Nuclear Plan: No. 1, Stz- -'m Tes: Si - arr, Docket Nc. 50-266, March 1971.

19.15 Testi=cny of Westinghcuse Ilectri: Corp. f::

ICOS Rule =aking Hearing, Occke:

.M-5 C-1, March 1972, Appendi:c 3.

1G75

/\\ /..4

/ !)

kIO k

',\\

i g

, 2. ' u* '

~[aI N [,.

,TfT,

• N y.?_,

~2-

-- - n.a

s

.c I

e- - --.

r,,m-e-.

,s p.

w. ~. 2,. -...

. -.. w.. i :u.,, w.. ;

w

_.. mcm.w,.w _. m mm w_...

wm 4y.

gun. g;__

4M

• .n?

19-16

.s

4.,.Y 1,e

,p REFERENCES (Cent.)

+

a-av

.b..el 2

ECCS Rulemaking W.

Exhibit er am Transcript d%'d g

Voltre No.

'9.19 Testi=cn7 of Denald EcY on 3ehalf cf Babcock N

y

& ~41.' :cx for ECCS Rule =aking Hearing, Occke:

6-N RM-50-1, March 1972, Appendi:c 3.

1059

.4 e_ _

4 E

19.20 L. 3aker. Jr., R. E. ~411sen, C. 3arnes, " Studies

7..

of CO, Steam Reac: ion," Che=ical Engineering

.~e a

Divisien Si-" rf Reper:> July-Oece=ber 1963 >

.i s

i i

g A'U RCO-3823, Ma'f 19 6, p. 37-49.

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4 19.21 M. ~4 Mallett, "Zire: tium-Uraniu= Oicxide l

}

Reac:ica, Chapter 7.

pp. 342-364, U ani'r:

y Dicxide. ?rcee-ties and Nuclear Atelication, J

J. Selle, ed., N'tDRD, US A C, July 1961.

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4 4

1 19.22 ASC v-itten ec=senta on Chapter 19.

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