ML19240B986

Reg Guide 8.27, Radiation Protection Training for Personnel at Light-Water-Cooled Nuclear Power Plants

ML19240B986
Person / Time
Issue date:	03/31/1981
From:	NRC OFFICE OF STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
To:
Shared Package
ML19240B987	List: ML19240B986 ML19240B988
References
RTR-REGGD-8.027, TASK-OH-717-4, TASK-OS REGGD-08.027, REGGD-8.027, NUDOCS 8104170621
Download: ML19240B986 (10)

Text

March 1981

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RADIATION PROTECTION TRAINING FOR PER b*b o,

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AT LIGHT-WATER-COOLED NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS s

s Nhff+ q' \\th A. INT RODUCTION B. DISCUS $lON Set tion 19.12 " Instructions to Wor kerC of 10 01 R I scr).iob entaA the at teptance of sorne risk rdany of Part 19 "Notars. Instructions and Reports to h o Lers, these risks are olmous and rauly rerornited. ()ther hazards s.apettionsf requors that indmduah bc rnen instruction are enore subtle and niay not he ret oynued or appreciated in r a dia t ion prot et tion that ts ( otn nir n su r a t e w it h the without specific instruction 1(adiation ryiosure is one of po t e n t ial radiattori pr ot ec tion probletus the) rnay on-the sul fle hazards. A persion Ina) be rsposed to sir.nificant tountti in restrit ted areas as defined tn paragraph 19.3(r)

Irvels of radiation or to rathoactisc rnatorials without know-of 10 ( l l( Part 19 Paragraph 20 lic) of lO(TR Part 20, inr it unce human senses will not delet t ioninny rmhalion

" Standards for Protection Against Rmhation,' states that until esposure incts grt atly exceed regulator) st a nd a r d s occupational radiation ex posure sluiuld tir kept "as low as I or these reasons, instruction in radiation pmtestion and is reasonably at tors able" t. Al 4 R A ) Appropriate traming is an understanding of the os cu pa tiona) rists of work at essentul aspec t of an AlARA prorrani. Ihh ru nic truirar power plants are esse ntial.

n describes a radiation protection tiaining prorrarn tonsntent with the Al. Al( A obiet tn e and at t eptable to the NIM'staf f W ork at a nu(lear pow er plant ins olves the potentud for inertinr the travunr requirernent of 10 ( l R Part 19 for e x posu re to urntlicant lesch of inninny radiation.

with resprt t to ind n Ju.ds tluit enter restru trJ arcas at i hr poh y of the NI(C is that radiation ry+osure should be ruulrar power plants Rrrulator) (.uides h h, "Inf ortnation kept

'a s low as is reasortably ac hies a ble' tAlAl(A)

Reles ant to I nsuring I hat (h t upational l(adution i A po-( AI. AR A pror. rams <1 nuclrar power pants arr covered in surcs at N u t ir a r Power Stations Wdl lic As I ow Asis lierulatory (.uide 8 h ) Proper traming in radution pro-Reasonabh AdurvaHr. and h 10. "Operat mr Philosonh y te, tion is an essentu! part of an Al AR A prortam f or Mamtairung (h t upateinal RaJ ation I x p< nutes As I ow As h Reasonably Ai h in al le, should he c onsulted w ith 11 is not necenary f or all plant personnel to become resprst to other aspet t e, of trairung w it h m a c omplete experts in radiation protec tior,. llow ever, it is important TlARA pri >rra n' Rerulator) ( uide 17R " Standard that nery perssin frecive trammr that is cornrnensurate I < tmat and ('ontent of hatet) Anal) us Rep < >rts f or Nus trar aith his of her duties and responuluhtics m restrictcJ areas Pow er Plants. I % R I dit u n.'

md Ref erern e I shouli be ron-sulted w it h inpn i t o the h. cnse apph, ation in ir w proc ess C. IEGULATORY POSillON 1.GINIRAI t his ruide does not t oser trammr necessary to quahty an ind rnf ual as a f ashatbin protes tion tet hruttan < >r prof es Athough f rammr tailored to eac h individuaPs needs s:< mal. Rerulator) ( unir I.F.

"Per se mnel helection and is ruit nrt essary, t ac h indivnluali pinnar) and Nesondar) l i a in i?ljt. " should he t onsultrd m this rrrard d u t ie s and inpunu biht irs as w cII as rat h Individuafs traming and experirner should be caref ully conudered m detrimuunr app'opriaf r radiation protectn.n trammr for that lrndis td'eal 11 li6a) I'r appr(8priate to de t e r in t ti'.' tbr j

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2 k nowledre and ex perience of a w orker's supervisor and the r es.c w ed at least once every 3 years. and updated as necev derrec to vclut h the supervnor's knowledre u ill be us adable sar), uruler the manageri durction. Chaurcs to the pro-to 'he worker m the performance o' the workeri job may gram ahinuld be inade promptly in response to changes m also be un unportant conuderation.

operations, tec hnical spa ific ations. teru!ations, e tt.

'I r a m my should include (lassroom and on-t he-io b lhe traming described m this ruide may be obtamed m instruction and performance testing to document adequate combmation with other traimny when appropriate. c r., an understanding and skilk Suc h traininr should be provaled md uc rial safety traming sesuon mulJ cos er radiation b) guahfied personnel w hose knowledre of the subject the) protec tion as well as other occupational salcty arcas are teachinr cuecds that to be expected of workers (om-pletmr the trainir r

'I hc radution protection tratnmr

2. TR AINII.S should Se corulucted in such a way that the worker knows the specific objectives of the training and whether he or she 2.1 Who Shouhl Receive Radiation Protection 1rammr has satisfactorily completed the traininr.

't he trainmr program should inc lude all pe r son nel, mcludmr supervisors who,c dutics requne them to work in

$!!flough credit may be takLn for 3ppbCable tr3m-or Ircquent restricted areas w lether or noI Ibc) are em" ing received of f site (its naturr and apphcabdit) to onute pho res of the In ensec 'T his includes visitors and tranuent dulics and responsibilitics shouhl be docurnerited) pla n t -

workers specdic traminy should also be riccived with respect to appropriate aspects of those tophs covered in Regulatory Visitors are defmcJ as peoric w ho enter the plant foi Poution 1 't onmr may vary in length f rorn a few minutes purpiiscs other than to w ork f or the lhenser and who are for surne sisitors. through a few hours for onute oricntation not espected to res ene sirruficant radiation doses althourh of a radiation protection profesuonal. to a werk (40 hours4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br />) the) ma) enter restricted areas insident to Ibir ac tnitics or more for Norne workers without prior tramme in radiation t e g, sa!cs persons or student 0 protec tion and raJiation work tec hniques. It is constered hicl) that rnost mdividuah w or king in arcas w here sources t ranucnt workers are defined as people who enter the of r Ahation or radioas tive matenals t rontarnination) do no' plant to w or k m restucted areas f or a hnutcJ pein'd of norrnally esist (c f., clerh al w or kers in rc$tacted areas) ruay time and are directly irnohed in plant operatmns, enain-be tramed as reguned by h to 12 0! IO CI R Part 19 m 4 hours4.62963e-5 days <br />0.00111 hours <br />6.613757e-6 weeks <br />1.522e-6 months <br /> teriance or repatr. or the direct support of these m tnifics or less. Where enore immediate potential hatards esist (c r.,

twhether or not they are employees of the hce nser L in radiation or airborne radioactivity arensh it is conudered I samples of tranuctit workers are e q uip rne n t manu-hkcly that the mos h ncly sapersised w orkers with specific facturers' r e pr e se n t a t ive s. mdividuals emplo)cJ m rnam-narrow, well dcf mcJ responsduhties may be trained m about tenante work, nuticar steam suppi) 9 stern scruior person-14 hours and that rilost w eirkers operatiny. indepenJcntly hel who JW!st w it h reluchnr, Ntartup, or ma m t e nJ nce,

under such conditions may be tramed in 40 hours4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br /> or less As s e ndor per son nel e mploy cJ to augment the raJution required in s 14.12 of 10 Cl R Part I V. the estent of these protection st alf, t ranspor t u or ker s. and ht ensee cruplo) ces mstructions must be commensurate with potential radiation ternporerdy asurned to the nuclear power plant. I r a n ven t protes tiori problems in the rcstru ted ari a wor ker s should rc(cive oriute plant 4;>ccdic tranung and should b;ne a bas kyround of trammr in the more rencral

'I hc use of t ramed workers as escorts for those w ho hat e (n<intlant-spn if u l arca of raJulian pnicctn m. as well as not cornplcted their radiation protectmn traming or as a m the Nolorh al risks mmh ed, of the same s opc, Jcpth, substitute f or the liainthr dualill bc aviiided t ser Herulatory and quahty as is required under s 1412 <>l 10 ( l R Part 14 Poution 2.2) Note that although prmiding a tramt d est ort for f ull tune onute radiation w orkers domy t he same or mas reduce required trairung f or those bemy cssorte d, it umdar work. (l'ull tune onute raJunon w otl ers mas bas e d ics not tehn e the h< c n see f rorn the requarmerit of kmiwlcJrc and ddis, perhaps as a result of workmr at more s lu 12 of 10 01 R Part 19 for approprute trammy of the than onc rib at the l

f ant, f ar cu cedmr the knowledre pe r son s be mt escorted f lo w n c t. only t h ose m J n id u als md skdis that w oulJ be nec essars to mee t the tra:nor "w or k mr m or f requentmr a restr a ted arca" require rqunement of s 19 12 of 10 ( l R Part 10 i traminr unuct M 19.12 of IO ('l R Part 10 11 the indniJual bemr cuortcJ is to be m a restris ted area for long enourb 2.2 when T raming Should Occur penods that trainmr n requard by ( 14 12 of lOli R Part 14 suth e io n m y shotdJ be cornrkted m a t unc1)

'l h r a J u t ion protn to m tr.nnmr prorraro should be rnanner m orJer to asohl the need f or an escort arnt the wheduled so that cas h mJniJual is f ramed in radution unncicMJr) t s p' Aure id the cM14r t Io ladlali(m tir radi(Kh tiVe prtite( tilm prh): f(> cnterinf a res!rh tt d area f s c r s reastin-mats rial able ef f ort sheiuld be maJe to c omplcte all traitung in a f uncly ina n ner in specul t ases w here a w orker or visitsir T:

trauune pr ar r.un.

miludmr of f su c t on t ra. tor-must enter a restru ted area prnir t o (iunplctu m of the cllr6Jucted, ariJ 8,rior tiaining.. shiiuld t e air;'rta cJ bs the traininr.. the indis idmd shsiald lic esair trd by a f ul;> tramcJ nu t ic ar po w er plant's raJulion protectmn manarer hec 3

Nerulat(ir) (sulJe 1.h f or a,re ptable tr ain mr at:J c s peri-2, g, ny, g g y i g,,,,,, g,,,,

,,,,g,g cuccl. conducted under the inanacci s contmuiny (iirnizarict.

nm n rmiemta t s tunnow emrram in o' A N 2 7-2

and quahfied person (such entries may be necessary for specialued proccJurcs should be observed while using such on-t h e-j o b trammr, etc.).

I h ose individuals who wdl equipment or facihties or implementing such procedures.3 routinely be requircJ to ce siteepecifk work in restricted areas should recche onute " field mstruction" concerning All tests, including oral and practical tests, should the radiation protection aspec ts <d their jobs prior to have carefully Jeveloped bases in order to ensure that working in such areas.

appropriate areas of knowledge and skill are covered. In preparing a test, consideration should be given to the job 1he training program should include periodic refresher r sponsibilities, training received, :md radiation protection traming as necessary to maintain awareness of the need for, experience of the individual worker.

and each individual's responsibihty for, maintaining expo-sures ALAR A and to updaic and renew each mdividual's Written tests wdl, of course, consist of a series of written knowledge of appropnate sub;ccts as hsted m l able 1.

questions to be answered by the worker. Eimilarly, oral and Refresher training should occur annually, as a minimum, practical tests should, as a minimum, be based on check Such trainmg should not consist 0: a simple repetition of sheets 3r outlines showing the areas to be covered by presious training without consideration of a worker's needs.

the examiner. Oral and practical tests should be docu-Adequate training program records will be helpf ul in this mented with respect to the questions asked, responses, regard. Meetings should be held as necessary to inform performance areas coscred, and level of performance by the workers of important new developnents in procedures, woAcr.

equipment, and regulations that base an immediate impact on the radiation protection aspects of their work. Recent plant rahation protection problems and the solutions to lhph grades (i.e., 800 or higher) shoulJ be required on such problems should also be discussed by the trainmg staff written and oral tests smce each ;,erson's training should with participation of the radiation protect.on staff a: these cover only radiation protecdon information relevant to tric mertmrs Special meetings for this purpose will not be person's needs. T he worker should be reinstructed and nec essary if opportunities f or such discussions arisc at meet.

retested in any subject in which the worker's performance ings hehl f or other purposes is deficient. T he combination of testing and remstruction should estabhsh that the w orker has the knowledge, unde,-

Appropriate Pammg and testmp shot ld also be Frosided standmg, and skill to work m a safe manner. Practical or to t h ose workers requirmy new or refreshed knowl edge on-the-job tests should be graded on a pass-fail basis. That because of reassignment. Reassignment to a new werk area is, the worker performs the tasi satisf actorily or is given additional traming until satisfactory performance is obtained 9 or job may present hazards of a dif f erent natur_ or der ce from those associated with their previous job or w ork area or is found unsuited for the job with respect to the job's Sumlarly, reassignment to an area or job from which the radiological safety aspects.

worker has been absent for a substantial period of t"ne ma) also call for additional trMnmg betause of a loss r.f know-Ihe form of mdividual questions is the prerogatise of ledge or Adl with respe6i to that job or w ork area or the hcensee. Iloweser, it should be noted that although changes m the radiation protection problems associated true-f alse and multiple-choice questions are easy to grade with the job or work area. Although remstruction may be and preferred by those taking tests, the) lend themselves justified af ter shorter per:ods, a worker reassignec to a job to guessing. Therefore, written tests may be most effec-or area f rom which the w orker has been absent fu ' y ear or tne if they include essay or calculational type questions.

.nore should be remstructed and testeJ with respect to the lest questions should be of the 13 pes included in training r a d u t ion protectnir, aspects of that job or w ork area.

session exercises or hornework. Situation-type questions are especially desirable. In this type of question, a hy pothet-ic al ( but cre dible) situation is described about w hich 2.3 How 'Irainees Shouhl Be ivaluated the worker is asked questions based on actual case histories.

I as h w orker's know icJee, competency and unJc rstand-me should be esaluated w:th regard to the radutmn pro %

Prac tic al or on-t hedo b tests should not only stress tion aspec ts of specific jobs to be perf ormed. T he evalua-knowledge but also proper performance on the job. A tion may consist of a w ritten or oral test only but should, person may know what to do but be unable to do it in a in many c ases. consut of a w ritten test, an oral te.t, nJ a timcly manner when f aced with a situation demandmg "pra.tical" or on-t he pb per f or m.m ce test. The es aluation expeditious action without a t rial-an d-crr or procedure.

shouhl mchide a written test uhenever practicable Practical tests should also give the examiner the opportunity to determine a tramee's attitude tow ard radiation protection Oial tests should not be substituted for w ritten iesa and the AL AR A concept.

unless the unpracticabiht) of aJmmistermg a writter !c st ts estabhshed and documented on an indn adual case-b.,= case i Such aspet ts of traming are commonly referred to as "pra ctn at ba sis. } {ow ever, oral and praitical tests are a s aluable f actorC I uples of these in(luJe the mdivsdaal's at i.ity to read all t3 res of d.mmett-rs to be used. Propert> don, use. and remove a 9 aJiunct to w ritten tests giving the esammer an e _ditional f ull het of unticontammatbn clothmr. pro;ierty rnter, perf orm sett-measure of tramee skdts and appraising skdlN not tested by mondorm g w hde oc cu r3 mp. and leasc a contarms 'ed arra, properly a w rittru test. Iser)one w hose radiation prt. cli' t de_

wult m c ontam ment areas (e.g., glove tings, ten ts), property don, use, BHd refnott

%ptr a t or) printeitHan equipenent; Bnd tal.f p'opfr jbends (in his (1r lit'r ef f ecInc use of eQuipnienI. f 3Cd tics, (II Mllon f olloWmf a Spin of radhm tl'f h4tud.

x. U-1

Wnttt'n and practical tests should be designed to do the rnany nuclear power plant licensees have comnutted to keep-followmr:

ing records of such training. A description of such records is included in technical specifications requed b) s 50 3b of

a. Measure the individual's ability to recognize and cope 10 ( i R l' art 50 in acc ordance with Hero itory t.uide 1,70, with rad.ation Latards that snay be er countered on the job.

"htandard l'orinat and Content of Safets \\ n:d> sis Reports for Nuclear Power I'lants. LWR I dition ' \\ Jequate train-S. Stress the importance of bemy prepared f or work ing records will help chminate urm cessary repetition of in restricted areas.

training and may also be used m deterinining tlm adequacy of an individua!',traming prior to eac h new work aWynment.

c. Assess the individuaTs knowledre of and attitude Penodic refresher training is encou ared, but unnecessary toward his or her rights and obligations as a worker f rom repetition of trainmr should be avoided Some workers the standpomt of radiation protection.

(especially tranuent workers) may work in and be tramed at several dif f erent nuclear power plants. T herefore, in the d Remfon c the key pomts of the traming interest of improving the ef fec tiveness of traming and ehmmatmg redundancy, trainmr programs should be struc-

'lests should cover all mformation presented to the worker tured so that site-specific traming and n on-sit e-s pr o t ic but shoubl emphasize knowledre and practices directly related trainmr rnay be readily identified in trainmr outhnes, to the day to-day radiation protection prat tices f or each syllabuses, other trummr materials and records.

worker's jolt As plant operatmg expenence is ramed, test questions should reflect radiation protection pr o ble m s Suc h traince-specific traming records normally include:

actually experienced at the plant.

a.

The worker's name.

Reywhfication testmg should be carried out in conjunction with refresher tranung(see Regulatory l'oution 2.3 Sataf ac-

b. Incluqve dates for each serment of trammg or f or tory perfortnance by an individual on a requalification test rath dif f erent trammr prorram.

u hen the test includt s all topics treated m the refresher tram-int ina) be substituted ior ref resher traming for that mdividual

c. A spenfic desc r tption of all traming completed satisfactorily, including references to periment lesson plans, Whenever a test is uwd to help evaluate the knowledre course outhnes, sy lla buses, and other su bjec t-specific and abihty of an individual whose traming and experience descriptive inf or mation. Specific ref erence is usually made are not well known by the esaluator te g, the traming and to such materials by date, edition, issue, etc., appbcable to experience was not provided by the group perforrmnr the cac h w orker.

evaluationi, it is especially important to keep m mind the knutations of such a pr oced u re. When takmg a test, a

d. A perf ormance ratmr for each serment of trammr worker will not respond to the questions on the test by or each different trairmr prortam sa:isf actorily completed reveahnt all of his or her knowledge and abihties since a by the worker. This ratmr normally consists of a numental test that can be completed and evalaated in a reasonable or letter grade or a untten evaluation.

period is not that comprehensive. T he test sunply sarnples the w orkcr's knowledge and abihties. Theref ore, the es alua-

c. ~1 he source of t he t rauung, i e, the tranunr facihty tot shouid carefully conssder the test content and worker and its location.

responses m hght of the requnements of { 19.12 of 10 ( i R Part 19 and the demands on the worker on the job.

'Io help present needless retrainine of personnel. a state-ment containing the mf ormatun described in items a, b, c.

Although trainmr is usually thought of and implemented

d. anJ e abose on traming reteived that may be apphc41e in a highly structured way,it should bc kept in smr.d that a to work at another nuclear power ptant is usually goen to w orker's performance on the job, following traming, is the the worker f or use if the worker is employed at a thfierent best measure of trammg eff ectiveness. In view of ths.

pla n t. This procedure allows the person iesponsible f or supervisors and radiation safety personnel should alway s be trainir r at the wcond nuclear power plant to take the on the alert for worker performance c harat te ristics 11 a t worker's previous traming mio account and thereby asoid inJicate the need for further instruction. Sus h es senences needless repetitiori Such records may be most usef ul to the should also be consiJered when determmmr the trammg worker m the new poution if they tirarly and esphutly needs ( bot h mitial and re f r esher ) of the workers and descnbe all traming reserved and ticarly identif y non plant-deurnmr or reviung training prorrams.

specific :ammr serments that may be apphcahic to work in the new position 2.4. h hat Records of T raining Could I;c Maintained

'n order that there rnay be an adequate bas:s f or penodic Ahl> >urh NRC regulations do not requne that records of ndi-c'.luatmn of the trammr program, the follow n r albtional ahon protection traming at nuclear power plants be n e;>t[

rec ords may be considered, blowever, rec onh of ra,tistwn saf et, trummy sn elu ded us rart her, f or ex ampir.su% non 6.10 2h of Nn non 6. " AJnunstra S

of operator req uahrn anon trammy, rnust tir upt as resonred t'V to e t bntrols." of NiiH l 6012 3. "$ tan Jar d leclam al 5periru ations Arpenda A to 10 ( l R Part 5 0 tor General I in tra IL dhnr w ater k ractors.'

A. 214

~lraininy noterials such as outhnes. syllatmes, brot hures, ente documents covermy essential facu, requirements, teru-a.

sidro tapes, tex ts. tests (includmr test questions and oral lations, procedures and plant organuation should be gnen to arul <.n theiob (hecklists), or specific descnptions of these cas h tramce in those cases w here it is clearly impractical to items to serve as a basis f or determming the depth and st ope provide each f ramee with a ref erence document.rac h tramee of traming gnen m each sul ect area. Specific reference inay should be mformed in writing of the times an.f locar' s at 9

be made to suc h materuh by date, edition, issue, etc.

w hu h t he docu rnent w ill be readdy and conveniently ava.lable, b

'I he name of cath instructor and cummer wrolved m 3.2.] 31casurement and Control of Drowre to Ra tw-t ath sertnent of training er cath ditlerent trammr program.

tion and Radioat tia c Afatermt

3. R ADI A'llON PROll CllON 1R AINING PROGRAM l ach worker should be mforrned that ra6ation and iadioat tne materials can be measured at levels sigmficantly 3.1 Objectises below regulators Dits and controlled by means of suitable Jeugn and procedt...echniques Workers and their super-lhe prunary objectne? of the radiation protection visors should understand the elements of radiation measure-irammy program sluiuld be accomphsh the follow my ment and control well enough to partierpate in the measure-ment and control programs in an ef fective manner con-a i nsure that all m s olve d personnel are mstructed sist e n t with the Al AR A prmciple. I mphasis in radiation about the biological ef f ects of radiation. miludme both protection training should be on t a) sou.ces of radiat an unmedute and latent radiation effects, the risks awociated (mcludmg, where appropriate, plant sy stemsh Ib) contami-with the aucptance of radiation esposure. and the baus f or nation control, (c) use of time, dntance, and shielding to biolo_ i, al rnk est unates.

reJute doses,id) proper use of dosime t rs for measurement r

c of beta. yamma, and neutron radiations, (c) the need for

b. Proside the m f or mat um needcJ to enable cat h anJ proper use of respiratory protection equipment. am!

person to comply with plant rules and respond propeil> to (t i the neeJ for and pr oper u se of protec tive apparcL w arnuu s and alar ms under both normal and ac ciJen t Special attention should N riven to item (c). It is essenti;d c on dit Ions.

that personnel who are hkely to require the use of respira-tory protection desices be train 4 in the proper use of these Proude mf or mation that will enable indniJuals to devices prior to their use for l':spiratory protection p';r-t Lec p t heir ow n radiation es posures Al A R A and elf ecLvely poses (See Regulatory GulJe K !5, ' Acceptable Progt.ms AlARA consiJerations in makmc decisions that for Respiratory Protectionf and Reference 2.1 9 apply aflect the radiation espov.re of others.

Per sonnel having esse n tially unhnuted access to all

d. Proude the mformation needed to enahic exh person plan t areas (i e.

freedom to yo any where in the plant to comply w ith N RC rerulations and hcense conditions without escort or speaal mstruction te r... without a radu-tion wor k per nut) and, theref ore, responsible f or their own

$ct ondar> obiectn es of the raJiation protet tion tramme radiolorical safet) ) shoulJ acquire a detailed knowledre of program should be to accomphsh the folloamy sou r c es of radiation and radioactne materials associated with all plant sy stems '! bose areas. systems, and (ompo-I nsure that the program can be reviewed anJ revned nents that has e associated with them the potential f or ac ute a.

as needcJ to meet c hanring t omhtions, and that the mstrus-lethal esposures (e.g., the fuel transfer system durmr spent ton n sulfhiently well understood to per mit its pra tical f uel transtt r) should rec eive special attention.

apphs at o m.

3 2.2 i&twn l'rvin twn Pr Levam

h. l inuit that ( l) the status and es tent of training <d eac h indnidual mas he determined in order to ensure that Iach indnidual should understand the nature, scope, workers are adequately trained f or cath job to w hhh they anJ objectnes of the program,incluchny pertinent portions are asuened and i 2) trammr n not rt peated needlessly on of I ederal regulations anJ plant radiation protection rules, ute or at other f a,ihties w here the tramed person may be ad minist rat n e con t r ols, and operatmg procedures Con-employ ed t see Rerulatory Poutmn 2.4 L tro5mr and nunirm7ing occupational radiation esposure at a.a u c lear power plan t in ac cordance with the Al AR A L2 Content (ontert is hirbly dependent on the procedures, rules, and adrnimstrative con t r ols that implement the f aulity radia-

'l he raJution protec tion traming prograci shoulJ, m tion safety c r ogra m. It is tFerefore important that each rencial, molude the suh c(ts hsted in lable I and discussed mdniJual t. mstructed ir* the latest versions of these J

m het tions 3 2.1 through 3 2 h I be mclusmn of topics anJ protcJures. rules, and control t he r~aning and impor-the emphasn im each topic shoulJ he saried to meet the tarne of p<nted iristrut tions, including radiation w arning needs of cath mdividual or group requirmy trammy isee signs and taps and the importame of followmr instructions R er ula t or) Poution 2. ] L instructors should conustently should aho be understood.

@ and tbncl) adbCrc to lewon plans and outbnes m order tbat trainme rec ords (see Rt rolatory Position 2.4) accurately I mphaus should be placed on AlARA obje c tives, r e fle c t the trammr riven each worker. Approprute refer-ptulosop h y, and un ple me n t a tion withm the r a diation h.2M

protet tion prot

• rain ( scr kerulatory ( ruhte K h) 'I his ettiphasis Ihc r a dia t u iti protectban ( r.illiin g pi or r a ni sluiuld should include inanarcont nt's c omnut tnent to AIA R A, the Oniphasi/r the omrrrent y Ixihtics arat riluipnwnt as wrt! as rnanrM r in w hh h the radiat Din protec tioti staf f Wl}IlrnplCnten t rincrrrnc) chits, escapC re iu tCs. arid

• • a f r Jurin b!) points.

A LA R A, and the responubihtscs of the indiviJual w orker (Insite instrut tion associated with approprimte plant arras is within the Al. A R A prograni. I he irnportance o' t ontrolhng espot.alb unpor tant to ilus phase of t r ainilir.

radiation doses to the worker and to others w ho rna) be rx posed to radiation as a trsalt of Ibc worLet's as tions should IJ 3 5t n tal or Nonroutmr IQr A he strewed Shor t-totin t r airtinr w ill be req uirrd f r(irin litur t o tirne l hc tf airung shoulJ preside wo:Lers with an urnicistand-m as sociation with sprt ial or ruintou tine w or k. 'I he w or k ing of the rtlationslup lict ween the radiation protes tion rna be s onsidered sprt ial bei ause of the equipinent to be prorrani arul their irulividual pibs and how and w hen they used, the procedures to be f o!Liw ed, or the radiation itia y or shinihl roquest help f roni radiation proirction plotrt tio11 probleins irn oh'rd hut h training w ouhi nor inalh pe rsotin el be t ery hmitcJ in scope and should be considerrJ as a suppleinent to, ralhcr than a stilntit u te f or, t he !!airunt' Fo r t incn t hcen se conditions,

's R ( ' scrula tion s, atul described abus e.

rCrillJitir)- r.uldCs sluiuld br th lilaitied, niil sittiply f rad o distributed. to those bring trained.

3.26 liamug wuh n u A uru 12.3 liiolornallf/r c t3 of Radwtion I sperience has est.ibh Oed that l' urunr rif et tneness

!s prrall) Onhash ed u nen ripupincnt of I '.icih t t nukkups A ppropriate to;m s under this su bici t include the soina-

. ire used, allow iny, ikers to pra< tit e rrpair arul inannten s e th and renetic risks to C A posed indivhluals, their pDirrny, protedures m a o Jist h contek t prier to entering arras in and ex posed embr) oCf etusrs t ser Regulator) (;uiJe b 13, whh h a pistential esists f or ex posure to hirh Ictris of "Instrut lions ( oncernmr Prenatal Radiation I it posure "),

radiation or radioat tn r c ontamination. I his t) pc of tr.uninr the collet tne dose concept of riskI risks associated with is esprt ially s aluable in the (,ise sif repair and in.untenance very hirh doses suc h as niight on tar in an acchlent arid the w or k in v olt iny f a*,L s that niuld resuit m hirti r adiatbill basis f or bn logical rnk estunates. I o the t A tent pras th able, doses to pctsonnel m n latncl) shoit periods of time. When the marmtudes of radiation risks irla t n r to other toore prn twable. the mot tups should be inaJe to f ull st ale and f aisuhar fisks encounteled m hf r shouhl be ch platurd Krf ct-shou!d in wr por a t r 6 om ponent s sumlat to thost to be cricts 3 through 9 air siime itles an t siiurcrs td initirination e rh t tu" ed in wor k on the npupment to be sr TV k r d.

Ir r st ir S w Iio w or k m restrh trd ar e as or who mah r k mos kup of rat h paese ol luipment arht f adhl) on det nior:s af f et ting such w or k should be taurht enourh whhh or in whhh lurh rnati tein ta Ls air an t h ipa t ed about radia tion effetts to pc t mit apprniation of the stniuhl be used m plan t specific t rainiur f or tinise w or k er s Arnpiirtance athl the imphca!Uins of Al.AR A pr(Trains and u hin are to prt f orm inann t esi.itn'r or repair wierk ori the trquirrinen ts. hth h persorn should aho be in h errned a bout equirrnent < *r m the f at iht y. fatiht) nuu kups air s aluabic the Irs ch of radialit m d:Wes that presims wistking m re-in !!u rse t asrs in w h h h w(ill on a piet r of CWupinen t t r r.

strhted arraN WJ) nor rnally recene I within the si m st r ain t s a s alse ) f Cqastes the w19t krr to rain as t oss t<* or wierk in i st 10 ('l R Part 20 and an appropriate Al A R A pror.tain) c<mf med arras < >r areas Containmr t ornples equrpruent and and the risks associated with suc h doses strony usurces tif radiatu m \\ fat.ht) Im s k up u s!! allow the worker to prac tice rntr). rrrrss, and pusillorung withm 3 ? J l'irparato m3 for l mercenars and /nc hlents the f aah!) sa as to perform the necessar) w or k in attordance with the Al AR A prunipir M o:Lets shou!J know the appropriate response to alarms and othrt urnals and should be suf ficiently f a.mhat w it h Justdh alo m f or the use of mot t ups in trauunt shoulJ CI'Irrret cy priwedures anJ preparatoms so as to k now w hat be e stabbsht d 4.rt ati Al A R \\ Lasn A rt onsitr es atuato m n n e s pec ;rd < if thern ain d frorn whom the) t ari Ok pos t e ssr ti t hil to sutU a de le t tnina t h eri lh eu rs cr. tuotkur rundant e w it h respec t to rencrrent ics and inciden ts. Prr p-trammr shouh! he t arrf ully u msi ir red by i.: arrment f or arainms Itir omrrrer cies arid incsJents that mas be antici-t h mr t a d. s w here the c i dic ct n e dose nia s exterd me pated should be ernphasued huch omrtrencies and mc manart t his shoulJ not he taken as a rec onunendation t<i de nti mtlude at t iJents tru olvirir ses cre peru tnal t imta rnt trno t he Icasibiht) of na u l u p t ranunr f or b ew t r-man-rein ria tion, spilh of radioas !n r ruah rials u nc h pn Inl high Irs ch fasLN ln the case ad M une lowet man-ro m f ad % fruh L up of thdia tu m or ailbistlir radioih tWC rhatcriah. CoritiinHHJfrJ trammr ruas be iustdiol b) the trady avadahiht) rif un.

u ounds, and f urs that couhl result in unusual riposure to c ompih ated m *t t ups and the small amour t of aJdito mal f adhhh (nr inattrial or radiatum

,I of the purposes or thes f usde. a tus6 es un s wort n (fysts en a trStra ted are n timt feuo be dehni d to tradsh sJrnt faa, *r poun ts of unhatnin and i oneph rnin. f usi.* nuo br hunpir or t oni ir s and meo ca ten I o$rt loor or sin rt tour pern Js I os r a urni le, returhnr sn u s 6 r c onsulc re J a lanr. s on'ple n t.M invohing arter al snuittre l hv (ollet to r dosr c oncrpt appben to d%rm retro ed t olirt torh tio6 s r.us h as brad et unn al u.ter nah ernun al. and f uel transfrr, rat h to all ene rnberm of an en post J rroul+ t hese dom in ns wrli as en dn ntual one of u bn h t oold t-r detened and awot sati d with un r6pnwtro domes, tuuhl br rrven d ur t onuJerntnin an ans ta**tnin a on to.I plan t oDn to r (inan to rn) dmc. s t.. the dmes o < rm d i of;rt ten h bs nH an d espot talb en a plan a,n h as thr plant A l A P A peortu rn.

sor rnbro d an e s Omed roiup.

A 27-6

ef f ort required to integrate them into trammg. The desir-without escort or speHal instruction (e.g., without a radu-abihty of mo Lu;> training should also be considered in tion work permit) and therefore, responsible for their own hght of th( repet:tiveness of a task. l'or cumple, the use of radiological saf et> L Such indniduals should have a detailed mos kup trainmg for a low-man-rem task rnay hase the knowledge of and be thoroughly familiar with the type and potential for a small one time man-rem savint, but a signift-magmtude of radiation protection r'roblems associated with cant!) larger poten*ial dose sa'.ing may be anticipated if the each and eser) plant system.

task is to be repeated many times.

D. IMPLEMENTATION

4. R ADI ATION PRO 11 CllON ST AIY The purpose of this section is to provide information The radiation protection staff should be thoroughly to applicants and licensees rcrarding the NRC staf f's plan conver!.an t with the materials discussed in Regulatery for usmg this regulatory guide. This guide reficcts practices position 3. Their knowledre should be of suf ficient depth cu rrently acceptable to the NRC staf f. I xcept in those to quahfy them to provide technical support to the training cases m which the apphcant or bcensee proposes acceptable staf f in the development and conduct of the radiatior alternative rractices or methods f or complying with specified protection t raining. Further they must be prepared to portions of the Comtnission's rerulations. the practices or deselop, modify, an't implement the radiation protection methods Jescribed herem will be used as a basis for es aluatmr program competently. Professional members of the sta!!

appheations for construction pernuts and operating licenses will normally brmt to the job the knowledre specibed in and (in conjunction with inspection of performance s for Regulatory GuiJc l.8, " Personnel 5 election and 'I rammg."'

evaluating trainmp programs est ablished by beensees.

In the case of training programs at operating reactors, Many me m bers of the radiation protection staf f will appropriate modifications to such programs should be made have essentully unhmitru access to all areas of the nrclear consistunt with this rmde as soon as practicable and no power plant ti e, f reedam to go any where in the plant later than one year af ter pubhcation o' this gmde.

O lable l' APPROPRI AT 8 SUBJi ClS I OR A R ADI AllON PRO 110110N 1R AINING PROGR AM 1.

Radiation l'undanicatals T he Nature of Radioacto sty a.

b.

Sourc es of Radmactivit)

(l) Natural flat krround Soortes (2) Maninade Sources 2.

Measurcinent and Control of I sposure to Radiation and Radioactne Material (('ontaminationi lypt s of Radiation and 'I hett ( harat teristics a

b.

I s ternal llosirnetr> *

• Controlling i s posure t.

(l}

} s posure 'l une 1.i.nitation (2)

Dr.tance liet ween People and Radiation % >urces t3) Shiciding (4)

Sourte Strength Redut t'on t e r. det ontannnation)

( )

L'se of Protet tn e A pp;t el*

• 4 til R espiratti,y Pr otriin m lies aces and their Use *

• d Sutrces (Oriritis) of RaJioa tne Materiah iLontanunation) anti Radutions at the Plant c.

Miurce identibcatuen and Control f.

!) pes and I orrns of Radioactn e Matenals t Contarninatnin I r.

Detection and Control of Contarnination*

• h Radiation Mt asurement and Sunes Instrutnents*

• Radioat tn e Wastes.1 heir Oripns. Storare, llandhng, and t hsposal i

3 ItaJiation Protection Prograin Purpose-Relationdup to IndaiJual a

b Al AR A Program c.

Radiation Areas J.

Au borne R aJioactaity Areas e

Controlled Suriate ('ontanunation Areas f.

Sirns and I.abels r.

Ihgh Radiation Area Control h.

Personnel Monitoring and i sposure Control i

lhoassay (li Whole Itody ( ountmr t2I Itrinal) sis O) I real Anal) sis (4)

Asonhnr Sample Contanunation i

hnestigation vn.! Reporting of Abnormal I sposures L

Air and Area Monitormr l

Radiation Suncy s-Purpose and Mt thi.Js m

R u. anJ Prot t dures. Intluihnr Radiation WorL Perrmts n.

Peitment N Rt' Rerulations

~

• "t his tat & is not a (oilrse ot.thne or or Jer of I rehrr$tation liasu sut act ts (f or ex amrk. uu tetut rs and t>asu muth) neuksav s to tmderstandmp of the hste d sube t in ar e not pu luded. %o. k ut tr< tn altro!'r tate la u y'rf if u g 1,in t oMinush are not tot lo ded.

• her het (son 2 3 with try'rt t to the im!'ot tant e of "I' rat tu al f at turs

• O Table 1 (ContinuedI i 1) Dose 1.innts i2) Concentration Values (3) Reportinr Requirenients (10 ( l'R Part 20) 44)

Reporting Responsibihty ( s 14.12 of 10 CI'R Part 19) o.

Prof essional Guidance and Assistance p.

Detection and Control of Radioactively Contaminated I quipment and Detection. Control, and Removal of Radioactive Contamination f rom Personnel and I quipment 4

Ihological i f fects of Radiation a.

Carcnorenesis b.

(icnetic l.ticits c.

Acute i flects J.

1.atent I flects c.

Collective Dose Concept (1) Group lota! Man-Rem Risk (2) IndiviJual Dose Risk f.

Do;e-l f f et t Relationship (l)

I s ternal Radiation (2) internal Radiation 5.

Preparations f or i merrenties and incidents a

Plant Safety and Acudent Control I catures b.

Signals and Alarms c.

I vacuation Routes and ProccJares d.

Assembly Pomts c.

Conimunications f.

Guidance and Direc tion p.

I merpcncy I quipraent h

I irst Aid and ('ontarnmated Wounds 1.

Spills * *

• N-r N's t u ott 2.3 wMb tosprc i ro the niportame of "pracra zil rac tors '

REFERENCES

1. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, NURI G-75/087

5. National Safety Council " Accident I acts,' pubbsbed LWR I dition, " Standard Review Plan for the Review of annually,444 N. Michiran Asemie, Chicago,Ilhno;r f&ll, Safety Analysis R : ports for Nuclear Power Plants."'

6. International Commission on Radiological Protection,

2. U.S.

Nuclear Regulatory Com mission. N U P I G-0041, ICRP-27 " Problems involved m Developing an Index of

" Manual of Respiratory Protection Against Airborne liarm, Pergamon Press, Maxwell llouse, l'airnew Park, Radioactn e Materials ' October 197t,.*

i Imsford, New York 10523, May 1977,

3. National Academy of Sciences, National Research Council,

7. United Nations Scientific Committee on the i f fects of "Ihe I.ffects on Populations of I xposure to Low Lesels Atomic Radiation, Oh,ited Nations Publication Sales No.

of l<riizing Radiation," Washington, D.C 20418, July luso.

I.77.lX.1, " Sources anJ l flects of lonizing Radiat;on,'

New York, New York 10001,1977.

4. International Commission on Radiological Protecthm, ICRP-26, " Recommendations of the International Com-

8. U.S. Dentrtnrnt cf incalth,I'ducation and Welf are (currently mission on Radiological Protectionf Pergamon Press, the Department of llealth and lluman Services), " Report Maxw ell House, l'airne w Park I:lmsford, New York of the Interagency lask I'orce on the llealth I f fects of 10523, January 1977.

lonizing Radiation " Washington, D C. 20:01. June 1979 4 U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Draf t Regulatory NO RI G+eries dos ume,its are available at current rates and draf t re gula t or y guiJes aie free upon request through the IMtr6bution G..uide OH 902-1, " Instruction Concerning Risk from Semees Set-tion, Dension of Technical information and Document Occupational Radiation I xposure, under development,

( on trol, U S. N u c lear Regulator) C ommission, M ashington, DJ.

20555.

Issued May 1980.'

O O

L 27-10