ML19224A891

Discusses long-term Environ Radiation Monitoring at TMI & Designates EPA as Lead Agency.Forwards Exposure Estimates from DOE & Brookhaven Natl Labs

ML19224A891
Person / Time
Site:	Crane
Issue date:	04/13/1979
From:	Watson J PRESIDENT OF U.S. & EXECUTIVE OFFICES
To:	Califano J, Costle D, Schlesinger J ENERGY, DEPT. OF, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, DEPT. OF
References
NUDOCS 7906120003
Download: ML19224A891 (18)

Text

{{#Wiki_filter:& : kw){ f TH'E WHIT E HOUS E kg WAs HING T oN fQ dd[q,p3xl A ril 13, 1979 P hdAlb4t-i i MEMORANDUM FOR THE HONORABLE JOSEPH CALIFANO THE HONORABLE JAMES SCHLESINGER THE HONORABLE DOUGLAS COSTLE' FROM: JACK WATSON

SUBJECT:

Long-Term E /ironmental Badiation Monitoring /ah Three Mile Island L/ It'is clear that several Federal agencies must continue to play a key role.in assuring the citizens around the Three Mile Island site of their safety during the final stages of the plant's shutdown and initiation of cleanup. It is essential that the involved Federal agencies work closely together to provide the most credible environmental radiation monitoring data. Con-sequently, pursuant to the President's firection that I coordinate the assistance efforts of all Federal agencies for the~Three Mile Island accident, I am hereby desig-i. nating the Environmental Protection Agency as the lead agency for these monitoring efforts. In addition, I o j_ am asking each of the agencies named below to continue to meet the responsibilities indicated and to provide adequate ~ resources for those tasks. Environmenta$1 Protection Agency As the lead. agency, EPA should assume responsibilty for coordinating the collection and documentation of the environmental radiation data obtained by all of the Federal agencies involved since the accident occured on March 28, 1979. The EPA should continue to maintain an operations center staffed with radiation specialists in the vicinity of Three Mile Island to coordinate data .;r collection and to inform the public, through the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, of off-site radiation levels. The ~ information and data collected by EPA should be made available to the other participating agencies on a regular u

==; ~ 169 143 7906120005 ! e -.-.:~._;-

3 a ~ basis. The EPA should also continue to operate, at an adeguate level, its environmental monitoring network for air and water-borne radioactivity. Finally, the EPA should prepare a report of such environmental radioactivity for the recently established Presidential Commission to investigate the accident. Health, Education, and Welfare The Food and Drug Administration should continue to conduct radioanalyses of milk and food in the vicinty of Three Mile Island at appcopriate intervals.

These, and all previous analyses, should be promptly submitted to the operations center.

Other environmental data collected by FDA, such as dosimeter readings, should also be included in the combined Federal report. The Center for Disease Control and the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health should keep the EPA operations center informed of their activities, either at ~- the reactor site or off-site. Any environmental data gathered by CDC or NIOSH should be submitted to the opera-m tions center for inclusion in the report. Department of Energy _ The Department of Energy should continue to sample and conduct radioanalyses of soil and vegetation in the vicinity of Three Mile Island at appropriate intervals. These, and all previous analyses, should be promptly submitted to the operations center. Other environmental data collected by doe, or its contractors, such as radiation intensity measurements from helicopter flights and dosimeter readings, should also be included in the' combined Federal report. The Department should also continue to provide meteorological support at the opera-tions center, as needed. m 1 ~ Li ~ 16'9 J44 i ^ $1-

1 The Environmental Protection Agency should make every effort to obtain all pertinent environmental radiction data from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the State of Pennsylvania, and the utility. l t j I am very pleased with the reports I have received of the excellent cooperation among the Federal agencies 6 assisting in the Harrisburg area. I am confident that this spirit of cooperation will continue, and that all of the participants will maintain their vigilance until the risks of radiation releases are reduced to a mini.num. If you have any questions on these assignments, please call me or Gene Eidenberg (456-6537). a. cc: Chairman Joseph Hendrie, Nuclear Regulatory Commission N fh9 l4} G

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UNITCD STATCS \\ DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 7. [ ENVIRONMENTAL MEASUREMENTS LADORATORY 4 376 HUDSON STREET y p NEW YORK. NCW YORK 10014 a uts April 27, 1979 Mr. Ted scheenb= U. 5. Department of Energy 4chenectady Naval Reactors Office rest Office Sox IC6) Schenectady, New York 12301

Dear Ted:

At Jim McLaughlin's request, I have su =arized our results of in situ Ce(L1) ga=ta-ray spectrcmeter measurements at locations where we en-countered pluce from the Three Mile island plant. Aside from tabulated data indicating the locations, exposure rates, and primary fluxes, I have enclosed a sample plot of part of one spectrum shewing the peaks that correspond to the noble gas emitters. All other peaks in the spectrum (wnich extended to 4 ' cV) were traced to either ratural or verldwide fallout emitters nor ally seen in the environment. As can be seen fruc these data, the primary constituent of the plume was 133Xe with most of tne flux casing from its dl kev line. The exposure ratea, which were inferred f rom our ionization chamber data, do not necessarily correlate with the fluxes because the measurements were made over slightly dif ferent ti=c intervalo and the plume was varying a great dea 1. We are in the process of preparing a report that will include all EML measurements unde at TM1. If you have any questions in the teaa tire, you can contact me at FT3 66C-3 33-6 Sincerely, Kevin M. Miller, Physicist Radiation Physics Division

Enclosures:

As Stated cc v/Cncls: R. J. Catlin--IlQ ,/ L. J. Deal--HQ 169 146 e

1. EMI. LOCATIONS AND EXPOSURE HATES EML PLUtE Location # DIST. DIR. SECTOR DATE TIME EXPOSURE RATE (km) (dg.) (E.S.T.) (pR/h) 6 10 5 11+3 SE 4/3 12:40 48 7 0.6 90 E 4/3 14:50 ~ 1000 ' 11 29 281 w 4/4 10:20 28 22 2.8 46 HE 4/8 11:00 <1 23 29 87 -' E 4/8 14:05 <1 1/8 15:30 <1 214 4.2 108 ESE 1 29 30 139 SE 4/10 15:25 <1 30 75 131 SE 4/10 16:35 <1

2. FLUX (7/cm /s ) FROM PLUBE 133 131"xe 133=x, 135,

xe x EML Loc. # / Energy (kev) 81 161 303 384 165 233 250 6 100 0.13 0.020 0.018 0.05 0.49 0.021 7 0 77 0.0009 0.017 11 36 0.062 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.21 22 0 72 23 0.11 24 0.077 29 0.21 30 0.46 169 147 .. 9 ~ :...;;s ' ~ qv..~,..:;;.... ;&f:l::~. ' i 5,;:,:..~. ^.,..'."... - -...

0 V o 5 ..o s U k, M T=-- g -- E %w % 2 ,y- ..R r, g< O A e4 q I 3 5. [~ o 0 J cx J c 1 4- %,y r U r O 1 ( ~$ n n J m* 6 'N A L, o~ .x m P y .v U m " o> 3 n J 0 t-2 E d F M X t j a w t. W lu ..} U f- %k p O .S~ E J' r Ci 0'$ 1 I e _g X ~ r,, ,/ 169 148 ~ o l 00.I 6 ( tr g,q ds', y 00

\\ 5. ~ i J.s BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATCRY U.S. -~ r : acy MEMORANDUM ~ DlU.~J VIA FACs:,an;; DATE: Ksy 2, 1979 1979 t m _- ,0 35 t TO: L. J f FROM: A. P. Eull SuaJECT: Revised Pcpulation Egosure Esti n te in vicinity of 2 ree F.ile Island nuclear Fever Station, 3/22-4/10/79 A revised pcpulation er;caure estinste in tha vicinity of the O.ree Mile Island tfuclear Pcwr-Statien for the peried 3/2E-4/10/79 is attached. As Indicated, it is based principally upcn d.e average of reasureents of the radiatica levels in the plure nr e during helicopter fltchts, scpplcucatod hy 2 plant ratecrclogical and AFAC projecticns of the phrn lecatica a.d entent. Subsequent to the earlier estimte of the scpelatica exposure, na dsts obtained by F.et-Ed (as suppl. icd by 230) ada it apps: ant that a schstaccial _tcrtica of the exposure : 2Jt have occu red during the first day or so after the incident, prior to the tir.e that regular heligter easur mts were initiated. A projection of the prchable dese rate in the pl.:n duing this interval has been rade frem the na5y neasure ents ebtained during the pericd 3/20-4/9. On the averags, those shevcd a requiarly decrassing -datienship, the upper Line of Figure 1. Since it was established that tic pri.ci;d radic;as in the clcud during this period vas 133L its concentra:icn vas estinated fren the ceasured dose rate and then extra;clated bac'< for tts pericd 3/28-3/23. A dose rate for this early pericxi was than projected by cens dering the dose attribut2.ble to the shorter-lived radiogasas which s., auld have been present i taastr.ing ttst there was an equilibrit:a nixture of fissien prcdue: gases present At the rim of the incident), as shewn in tha lever line of Figure 1. ~ ne assign =ent of g cund level enesure rate has hemrade hy specific sector a.d hour after incident d:-ing 'M first 45 hors, and by average dose rata for each daily interval thereafter, ne relaticrinip of plc=e dose rate with distance was assmd to be that found en the aver %c hv the heliccpter =casu:T ent. T11s is shcr.n in FlLgure 2, normalized to u.it dose at one aile. Mid-sector distances were utilized, except for the 0-1-ailo sector, where the value for 0.75 niles was. selected to view of 9.e shse~ce of any populatica within 0.5 =iles. Curves for a 1/R,1/R-1.3 and 1/g2 hare elso been shevn for , cecparisen. It is evidist that d.e. established ex?cnent.ial decrease leads to alargar dcse estimate thin,do these classical curves, ni: available '".D data for stations which vare at varying distances in a givsn sectcr, as sucvn in Figures 3, 4 and 5, suggest a rapid decrease of exposure with distance, more censistent vich 1/32 or e.e est.trii :ad expcnent:al relationship, ne selectica of the fc::.sr.culd add a total cf ahcut 500 persen/rer.s to the es%:es for the 10-20, 20-20, 20-40 and 40 ~0 cile sectors. 169 149

2' Hall to Deal 2-D.Y 2, 1979 A plot of the iso-exposure lines derived in this ranner is shc.n in Figure 6, along vith reveral TLD r.easurements of.the integrated radiation p t - expasures at varying distances frc:s 'N.I for the peried 3/28-4/3/79. Tne fit appears to be quite satisfactory, except for underestir.stes for loca-ticets ten or :cre riles south ard southeast. A principal ~cncertainty in these population dcse estir. stet rests with the energy resp;:m. of the survey instr:::_nt used in :21ing the r.easr-- ents. It, along with several other survey instrt:ents used in rsking grcund level neasurements of radiatica levels, was taken to :as for a calibration caeck cc 4/16/79. The result, as sh'a on Figure 7, smert that the instr.:cnt was rea.h; elout' 3I the true level at 660 kcv (137Cs) ar.d as Irc:h as 20% at 80 kev.. g - Unfortu.stely, the !a3 setup linited the chock to a full Nale ran>;e of 20 n?/hr, whereas rost of the ressurerv nts were obtained en the 2 r.?./hr range. Although not indicated on Figcre 6, the instr =ent read only 1.2-1.3Y true when cross-checked an t.ha.200 r,E/hr rango of 210 AcV. Thus, the indicated results =ay be encr.nlously high throup. cut. A recheck of this possibility is plannsd. [ As suggested above, there is also a large uncertainty about the esposure

.ta at zero distant locations. (teyctd ten or so : riles),.wbere few helicepter nas.scre:ents vere s~:til1ble, and where those that vere chtained have lar;u uncertainties. I ! ?lieve that the rest accurate assaso :t of this could be cbtained by the.u'ilization of the At:Ospheric Falease Advis0ry Capability, were they supplied vi'h reasurerants and/or reascr.abla estirates of the cource ters over t.he dur.nicn of the intident.

AFH/sig Atta*mnt "2 "g ~ O P 169 150

,J A. P. Ilull-E.E Reviced 5/3/~T3 ..c Esti:4ted *.rternal raposure to peculation within 50 Miles of the Three i Mile I::lar.d Nucl 2sr Station fer ths licek ef 3/;3-4/3/79 and 4/3-4/13/ 79_ .+ - h external. e'xpesure at grcund fevel to the population residing within - 5 50 tiles of the.'~hree Mile Island nuclear. Power station has bac.n entirated-to ~ be about 2,000 prson/rc:a on the basis of helicopter surteys and catooro-logical data, as cbtained by the Department of E:>ergy support effort to the 4 ~ v 4 Correnvealth of Pennsylvania. - F s 4 During the first t.n veeks folleving the incida.t, over 200 ceasuremnts of external radiatica. level vezo cbtained frc:a a helicepter flyir..; r.t listances out to 20 niles in the centar of the radioactive plu=e criginating frca the - r. Three Mile Island Statica. t A portable G[ survey retar with a thin-valled tube,- opeiated in the open k.I, [ win &u node,[vas util'ized. A correction facter of two we.s applied to cstr.blish. - 1 j the exposcre rate of ground level. hn these mascrce:e:.ta vere averaged, a regularly decreasing logarith=ic relaticnship of dose rato vith distance was fotnd. This relationship was extrapolated to distances b.eyor.d 10 niles vaere the exEcsure rates vero generallyi-L J tco low to bel creasdrable. The population distribution within annular segnants at dist s of 0.1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4,3-5, 5-10,10-20,'20-30, 3b-40 and 40-50 niles uns obtainsd ' ~ [' ~. from a projection for 1980. as contahi in the Three Mile Island Final Safety T, Analysis P.eport. h nt:ber of hours.dcri$g which any given sector was affected by the p1tre was established from plant meteorological data, stqpirmented by the helicopter t } reports of its location, and by mtecrvlogical projections as provided by ? idvisories prepared by the Depart = cat of Energy Atmospheric Relearo Advisory 4 Capability. kg l$) 7 y S e. D

,7. y cent'd 2 i The projected ground level e::pcaura rate for each sesmnt was c:.titiplied n by the nu:her cf ::ours during it appaared to be affected by the pit:se, and trf f. W nese.results were then st=ned to includ: ~ . the populatica withis the segrent, i the ent".ra 2,165,65t persons within 50 =11es of the nree nile Island Station. The'se esti=ates are Lalieved to be ~ conservative inrofar as the masure-i ~ { nents ray have contiir,ed a 82.211 cosponent of the non-penetrating beta radia- ,{ ~ tion froa the fenon-133. Tnis r.vHnactive roble gas was found to be predc2inant E ,9 Q ^ -u j in the pit =n in several ga=:a spectrometric m:urm*tts rman by ground level f' 3_ ~ 5 j DOE suppor: groep tea:u during ths.first few days af ter the incident. Addi ticas11,.- they apply to grsexts reraining outdoors. The exposure rate and total exposure ^ .j would be reduced sc.newhat wit.hin structures. I. e. /, Further:cre, the data have nst been adjusted for the probabid over-res;cnse s. .~; -? of ths survey.instru:ent to the low-energy photons esitted by the Icnen-133. i .5 It. appears-that.the survey instrimnt used in caking these r.easurenents c'zer-s4 ..s. i~ responds to the characteristic radiations to which it was expcsed in the pit =a, a ~ U. y by a factor of three to ten tims the troe, dose rate. The encaure rate l}. ~ ~ 3 4] decreased rapidly during the second week after the incident. L Tpe est'r.ated population exposure was less than 50 person /rcrs, and thus y e.

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did not add significantly to that estir.ated earlier fer the first week. 4 _e v>o T'9 G e

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about one mile north-northwest of the 'Ihree Mile Is'and Station for the entire ~ s. time for tha.first day follovirrg tbo incident. s. ,f e j 169 152 \\- { iu/ IJI 9

g s Three Mile Island, 0-50 nile Population E1posure j l 3/23-4/3/79 3 ~ k ~ 2 2 Tot 51 Total . Average Individual .M.ile ' Radio, s Persen Gest. Populatien* * .Execsurn (n~ ) __ 0-1 51.2 650' 77.8 X 1-2 65.7 2,017 33.1 2-3 1492,2 7,579 63.3 p' 3-4 352.2 9,676 36.4 f 0,031 8.6 -f. 4-5 76.4.- 5-10 Blo.0 137,474 5.9' y s 5 7,268 0.24 f. 10-20. 137.4 - 433,001 0.063

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~ s .40-50: O.3 713,210 ,,0.00349 . ~ $~f - 2,005. 7 - - 2,165,651 O.92 l- + 503 -E -1,006 g

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. Esti:ated r.udena evrare to a hypothetical peraan at a distance of one ,3 2 ? r.ila rorth-northvast of plant, 400 + 100 cR. yf 7' . z oc t*a - }5 4 .y 1 .Bised en pro ected ground 12 vel dar.c rates under the plura of radicactive-2- ~ I,i ps, which.ce:c ass =ad to have been half of.these fcund during helicopter flights withIs it. ntisated populatica for 1980, by 22.50 sectors and distance obt ned fron FEAR for-L.rce ! tile Island II. I 2.R 7 - Estimatetr fer-individual -integrated exposures specific locations. r.ay 8. j be.tvaluated f u:= Tigure 6. sere typical values ar.es v, ~ = '. Es t !- _a ted .E ~..'D ' - Individual Lgesure _1 - ~. - Iccation Dis t. -Di r. (:A) = Goldsboro

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