ML19221B204
| ML19221B204 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 04/30/1975 |
| From: | NRC OFFICE OF STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT |
| To: | |
| References | |
| REGGD-04.001, REGGD-4.001, NUDOCS 7907200037 | |
| Download: ML19221B204 (4) | |
Text
Revision 1 U.S. NUCLEAR REGULAT e! COMMISSION April l975 REGU XORY GLDE 9 OFFICE OF STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT REGUL ' TORY GUIDE 4.1 PROGRAMS FOR MONITORING RADIOACTIVITY IN THE ENVIRONS OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS A. INTRODUCTION and to ensure that long.tenn buildup of specilie radio-nuclides in the environment will not become siptificant.
General Design Cnte rion 64, " Monitoring Radio-ac tivit y ReleasesJ of Appendix A. " General Design A preoperational program should be conducted in the Cntena for Nudear Power Plantsf' to 10 CFR Part 50, environs of ee i proposed nuclear power plant site to
" Licensing of Production and Utili/ anon Facilitiesf' (1) measure bas kground levels and their variations in requires that licensees provide means for monitoring the ensironmental nrJia in the area sunounding the plant, plan t emirons for radioactisity that may be released (2 ) eulu. t procedures equipment and techniques, ard from normal operations, includmg anticipated opera-(3) provide cxpenence to personnel.
tmnal occunences, and from poste'ated accident <
Years of e xpenence at va rious Atonne Ene rgy Paragrapii 20.10Ne) of 10 CFR Pat 20. "St: iards Comn ission tecdias have demonstrated that specirle for Protection Agamst Radia tion,'
provides 41 the radionvl; des Sch ave m kn ow n w ays under giv en Commission may linu t the quantities of radioactive enW i ienul co,Joivos. Theref ore, analy ses of "mdi-materia!s released m air or water during a specified cato. xdia" un b
?d to define radionuchde lesels in pe riod of time to ensure th at the daily intake of the environment. The "mdicator med um"(or orpnism) radioac tive matenals from air. water, or food by a concept of enviranmental surveillance inwhes the suitable sample of an ex posed population group, sampling of organisms and media which are sensitive and 9 averaged over a time penod not exceeding one year, reliable measures of the quantities of individual radio-would not exceed specified quantities. Section 20.201 of nuclides cy chng through pathways. For example, where 10 CFR Part 20 further requires that a licensee conduct the plant-cow-milk. man food cham is determined to be suneys of lesels of radiation or concentrations of an important pathway, it niay not be necessary to radioactive matenal as necessary to show compliance extensisely sample and measure gra/ing plants and with Commission regulations.
fodder to keep track of iodme-131 cxling in the food cham, since sampimg and measuring the mdk produced This gu;Je desenbes a basis acceptable to the NRL, by dairy cows in suirounding areas may be adequate.
statt for the design of programs f or monitonnglesels of radiation and radioactivity in the plant enstrons.
After the plan t is in operation, a program for B. DISCUSSION measunng radiation levels and radioactivity in the plant environs must be m:untained on a continuing basis to Presen t requirements to keep lesels of radioactive assist in verifying anticipated radioactivity concentra-material m efIluents as low as practicable (as specified in tions and related public exposures. The imtial pre-10 CFR s 50.34a) should ensure that radiation doses to operational and operational monitoring programs should the public resulting from ettluent releases.ull contmue be designed m accordance.vith the follov mg cntena:
to remain minimal. The principles presented in this guide are conuJered an accep t able basis for estabbshing
- 1. They should be based on the analy sis ofimportant preoperational and operational monitormg programs to pa thw ays for the anticipated types and quantities of prouJe information needed to deternune whether ex-radionuchdes released from the plant i,to the surround-posures m the enstronrnent are withm established limits ing enynonment; USNRC REGULATORY GUIDES c omme. ti s%uu be sent to he su e+.o oe the comm.nion u s w..,
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2 lhev should consider the poniblht) of bmlJup of Ttus informanon also may provide supportmg esidence long-Ined raJmnu,.hdes in the enuronment and identity m eva!uatmj the performance et systems and equipment ph y w_: nd biohecal sites of accumulation that may unta!!cd 'o control releases of radioactise matenal to the antnbute to human exposurcu enuronnh n t.
- 3. n. y s!muld snuder thi potentla! raJiation ex-The baue pnrhiples set f orth m tlus guide constitute pihure t o imi'orlJnt [lflts and anUnd}s.
Jn Jcceptable basis b'r uSe in estabhslung an enuron-niental monit(Ulng prtigIJl0. l hese sJme prHNip!Js wil}
- 4. T hey should be desiened to estabbsh correlations abo be u ed as ba.ses in dese!opuig the lhensee3 be t w ee n les els ut radunon and uJmas tiuty in the correspondmg redulical specitications Guidance on 'he ein t f(MMnCn! and ladit niet ne relc.nes d
truni i ant opera-tiirmat, content..inJ preparatii n lit Appendix 11 erni-i Il ( M1. ( A Vanel) tit ted!niquet mtluding mea 5uremCr.t5 tt:nental teshnled specllicalitMn for t'perJ1Hlp !iterhes at t on tlt d libcattiins pret>peratit'rlal Mine) K and Coln-is presented in NegulJ! ir) ($uije 4..\\.
"h nvH onmen tJI pans e of operatmg sersus s!mtJown lesels of radm-1 t Jalical Speciticatmns f or NuJear Pow er Plants.
A tluty m the em nons nuy all be useful for dus purpow.) Informanon of thn nature will be et winider-s. Preoperational Pmgram Jb!c bi!? In n MidlI) ln[ Ibt initlaf etninMM 'Cn ta!
menu wents program.
A preoperatmcal monitormg program snould be untuted two y ea rs poor to ope ra tion to prouJe a
Data <htam d f rom thn pmgru shou!J be used b.
- icient data base for companwn with operational the hsensee to show that em uunmen tai les els are data and +o provide exper:ence that ut!I improve the s i sNent with t h ow Jeternuned tmm the et tluen t ef fi:iency the operational program. It may not be r a.h a t i sM1
< in ll t M !n _- an d sal plin L pn tyr a n). Illclaller nCe c %dr) Itir a[I medii in Ille pret'peratlonal prtTram to a3Cd it $ pet her willl dn[ehn 'n Cstmiates 10 bC Sampled or tlie entire tw t *-) ear pelitid;l.c., bir those prtCraPI is Cn 'le that plif t K le.n J s to the em Monment and medu San' pled IIequchtly, a stN month or one-) C a r rad;at ton dmcs to the pubhc Jre minisuned Willun the penod is usually suttident, h meser, it tht sampling
'amenc d devi objectnes deteranned to be.n low as pt od is not repres entarne, because of Jnor mal con-prJJtisab!e.
dlI.on s. the perH'd ma) reqmIe e s JDsion un n! rej re-vntarne sarnp!cs are obt.uned.
~l h: Gnunnsmn s statt has esahiated the tsnes of mtormanon needed to proude supportmg eudena to-Operational Program av eWDJ the p0r t4nlan A tif Ille pl Ull with rCsptCt ((I i
keepmg populanon exposures loa as pracuckle and Gene ra!!). the ope ra t I program should be an as to sent> pre d n. n on s of concentutions of specific extension of the preoperat ial procram to ensure that uJ mn u<hde s m the enuronment based en etiluent dat from the two progums are sompanble anJ that a meamem< n ts at the plant. ILned on tlus esalaatien and sn noth trans tion between pmgums n aJuesed
'n a rniew aGJ a.ne%Inent f 'I exlstm ' itce! sees t M'I' < ' rin g and leptirtMlp pnbla!ns. thL statf ll.A de i
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'd th r mlatory posinon set f urth bdow.
- a. Sample Media C. REGULATORY POSITION W here practical a suitaHe inJicator medium or organnm in cAh itnportaat pathway should be sampled The cmcom for m nutonng udm wnuty m th and analy/ed for the plant-untnhuted radionudiJes ensille (it fluulcar ju)WJr plJnts S!!iiuld priniJe suit t le re!e ned tei the entinmment. Wien sanipling iirgannnn.
an JNndJrlt. readd) asJdJhle 'pecies willl kHta n hahlfs lilt o r nlafli" f r'Mn wlut!) lese!' (d TJdlatliM1 md rJdit s A tiuty m the enun ns of eAh plant can be euunated shou ld be se!ceted.
Faref ul wentwn should be.nen to samphng w L ! L r J hlM a t r [d
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r LMNnnnb could resid t in a te nporar) dedine or ur co am (I) n.
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m Im of desuabL populanons. la such ca es.
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'ither InJipens us but abunJant qu <tes slii'uld be substi-i i
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Where use of a single indicator medium is impracti-ra6oactive eftluents and leveli m environmental media.
cal, samples of se,cral media from each pathway should The extent of.neasur< ment of envimamental media be collected and anal > /ed. The Comnussion recognizes should be beed on the ty pe. quantity, and concentra-9.that some pathw ay s do not have more than one tion of radmnuclides expected from the plant as well as enuronmental mediann e.g., external radiation expo-the results obtamed from previous measurements.
sures from clouds of gamma-rawemitting radionachde, msohe only one pathway th e atmosphere. The actual I f, after this penod. de licensee is able to number of media to be umpled m each pathway should Jemonstrate from levels in environmental medu or be deter'mned on a case-by-ca3e bass for each site. In calculations (usnig measured efduents and appropriate some ca.ses, field measurements may be preferable to di3persi m and bioacumulation f actors) that the doses udlectmg samples for laboratoiy analy sis.
anJ cencentrations associated vith a partwular pathway are suificient!) mall, the number of medu sampled m The program should melude samphng of envirun-the pathway and tL frequency of sampling nny be mental media to estunate radionuthde concentrations in reduced. An adequate nrogram with emphas:s on indi-napor t an t biota (see IU abuse) Radution exposures cator organisms and selected meJo s!nald sull be
( ex te rn all and.nte nal doses from short-hved nuchdes con tin.ed in order to contirm that the levels of nu) be estimated by calculations tusmg efduent radioactivity in enuronmental media rem.un small.
mea 3urements and approprute dispersion and bioaccu-m, jato m factory other than by routine co!]ection of ILsults from Il mdividual measurements should s a m ple s of emironmental medu. In some cases. tield be retamed by the h,ensee along with mformatmn on measurements at cert.nn locations to establish con. entra-sampling location and d te. sample size (e.g., wt Vdry t n lns or sp eilic radmnud des nu) be necewar).
weight h samphng and an A> tical procedures, umts of natu!!). to confirm predic tions.
data presentation. anJ precision and accuracy a.ssociated with indindual measurenents. IXplanations of anoma-
- b. Sampling Frequency lous measurements sht uld be proude 1.
When a radmnuchJe has a shoit half-life (unnutes
- d. Anal > <es to day sh it may be necessan to evaluate concentrations dution e:.posure by n akmg measurements m the Samples should be ana'vieJ for pvuxontnbu'ed or field t e #. by use of thermo'unnnescent Jo3nneters.
radionushdes releaud to the ensironment. Gro2 radio-prewdil/ed iim t ha mbet s. t)r in s!!u gJmmJ s pec t r o-actiuty measuremeno dione Jre generdly nLt ade juate meterd f or radiological mouto mg. Howaer. gross radioastnity measurements may be useful to mdi, ate the con < entra-
% hen a radionuchJe with an intermedute hdf-hfe tmn of a speciGe radmnuchde when such measurements (weeks to months) is released contmuosly or fre-are shown to be truly indicative of the actui juanty or quently, sampling and analy sis of enuronmental media consentratmn of that radionochJc.
in the asmciated pathway should generally be carned out at mten als no greater than two or thrc half-Ines of
- e. Quality Control the nuchde i o.
lonph J f-h fe raJmnuchdes ( years h meeurements should generAy he nude at icast once per Control thecks md tests should be apphed to the y ear. Where <emonal or other temporJ va,atmns nuy analy tical process by the use of bimJ duplicate anJ> ses be endent. the frequency of samphng shoul I be planncJ of selected samples and by cross-theck analy sis of to J!ow resolutmn of any important ef fectv selected samples w.th an irdependent laboratory.
Quahty centroh shomd also be appiied to the entire in.ome casex s.nuphng on a contmuous basis ma) sample-collectmn procedure to ensure that repres 'nta-he nece%) f e.g.. air sam; hng ad contma >us mesure-Ine samples art oMamed and th at samples are not men t of t u m ul. dive externa rade ' exposurel changed, cross-contadnated, or. therwise attected poor
('t im pt r, t es )Iu%s se!ected 3 amp!c t)pJs such as air t<> their ariJy sis bec ause < f handhrig < >r becauxe <>t tlieir N} t e rs Cla) bJ JppIlyn.ite IItr measulemerit () long-Ined SI(IIage eUV5D WmCIII rJdl6CuJlldes
- 3. Detection Capabilities
- c. Program Scope The detection upA ines asotuteo with measunng lhrnly I!le initlM three )eals dit t'4nmercld pt)wcI and a:IM)/ing rad! uutlVity Ic eli shttuld be estal.hshed opeution (or other period correspondmg t > mnimum prinunty on the ' am of potentui !.unian dme. These f uel burnup in tht utlM L('re ()tlel, the menuIeWent detecthMI cJpJb:hties wW sar) dependmg on the mstru-pmgum should be telatnely comprehensive in an mentation and aca:y twal techni ues used. Because of y
attempt to senf> my pro; cted correlations ht t w ee n the need for pregeraional rnomtonng program.
Ta 155 308 4.1-3
d detection capabdities for a part:cular program should be D. IMPLEMENT ATION
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deternuned danng an early stage of licensuie. lacry I
reasonaNe ef fort should be made to aduese detection T he purpose of tlns section n to proude mfo:mation j
c ap abih t.es that will detest radiation levels or radio-to apphcant> and hserhees regarJm; the N RC sta!!'s A tivu, tuncentranons in pathw ay s that wuld result in plans f or utihnne thn re m!atory mJe 3
q udution does torrespondmg to a few percent of the i ederal Radiation Couned's radution protection guides Ibis guide reflects current regulatory postice. T here-g (i e., a few percent of 170 mrem') r f or whole body dose fore, cuept in those t ec s in which the appheant
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tt) a suitable san 1[le ()f t!1e e\\ptWed p' ipul all on I.
proptWes an alternalise
"'t. llo id f or iimpls ing with t
.Similarly, the dCteJ sil cJpah.Iith t 'l ellsir(in nien t i!
5pecil'ied ptir tis'ni Li[ t!:t ( 'timil bsit'n'$ reyulJIit Gh, tbt nicasurernerl!s \\hiluld lie the m os t Se r hitive thJI is Olet hiid dcw ribed 1.ere:n will be used in the es aluation pmcomsx ancme fm meum, puni n1mnutea oi onmum te memo, h_
m - ru oon raihonuchdes in the envlrormient.
pernat ap; h anons da keteJ atter the date 01 nsue of Ihis 691de lt ati ap[!hJul whlds til us0 thh ie f ulJII) j"alde in de,elopuy subnut als f or applh.itiens do.keted on er
'I rJerai Relun n ( oun tl Rt e rt N i 1,liA (en,n) E '.rui pnm to the date of nme i'l this p'ude thi peittrient
- f. r th e IM e i. > * < "I of Ra atio r / roin tz. ": S t.;ndf f.. st y pir!!<'ns t>f the apphcatnin w1!! be es iluated on the bash l
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