Text

Transcript of 790503 Briefing on Offsite Radiation Levels at TMI & Radiological Assistance Program.Pp 1-67
	ML19221A172
Person / Time
Site:	Crane
Issue date:	05/03/1979
From:	Gilinsky V, Hendrie J, Kennedy R; NRC COMMISSION (OCM)
To:	;
References
	REF-10CFR9.7 NUDOCS 7905190233
	Download: ML19221A172 (68)
	v • d • e

{{#Wiki_filter:-- 4' 's ~ NUCLE AR REGULATORY COMMISSION IN THE MATTER OF: PUBLIC EETING BRIEFING 0;i OFFSITE RADIATION LEVELS AT THREE MILE ISLAiD AND RADIOLOGICAL ASSISTANCE PRO N I t Place - Washington, D. C. Date - Thursday, 3 May 1979 pagos 1 - 67 7905190233 Telechcce; ~ (202)347-3733 '/ '3 n C ACE - FEDERAL REPORTERS, LN.3' D L'tJ Offic:al Reporters 444 Nerth Capitel Street Wcshirsten, D.C. :CC ^ l NATICNWICE COVERAGE DA!LY

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w a... - w w w. ...w -w.. 1 10 l ductory comment en what we are eoinc. to cover this morning.. II This came out of the briefin9 some 10 davs aco when we were down l'-I here on another sub ect and, I hace, is responsive to the Com-J 1 13 1 ...4 s s.' w.. ' s - a q"w. s '.. a ( I 14 1 O,w...n 15 MR. DAVIS: As Lee mentioned scme days ago when we 16 y a.-a. A n g,.. u..4 a...4.. ;- n. a.n. n ~..u.a. s,.,.u. +,., +.,

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to ii I 4 l' s i a 1, COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: I hope we have no startling 4ncn _-..a ~. 4 on. e 3l MR. DAVIS: I hace not. I 4, And then, lastly, I will show some slides which will i i 5 show overviews and really describe how th e monitoring stations

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7l Leo w'll also give a very brief summary of in-plant 1 81 readings and work exposures, as we know them today, and a brief L o 1, o v o..- t.a.e** o.c .,..~.s _c e.. a-- ..e..ua. .....- n a.- .i.,. ~. o u.u. o. c

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eas t D l 1 L Dudlev Thomoson, who is the executive of ficer for operations i o h o s" rec. ~. =. ~4 - k. e O.'.'.' r e c.' .. s : a ~.' o.n. r.. #. ^.- - o..a..., w.411 d4 s c " s a-w.. - '!o -, the radiological assistanca plan. The NRC radiological center 1 4, does come under Dudley's management. I c RF, of course, is a clan b.v which the Federal Govern-a 6 ment responds to radiological emergencies. He will give a brie' 7 descric. tion of that c. lan and some indication of the level of i l i .a a response from signatorv. ac.encies. Ac.ain, this will also not be 9 a cart of the II investigation. 'l 10 ' So, I will turn this new over to Leo, and he will walk a I 1 1, ' v, c u '.k..- ^, u ~3 ". ' k. a e nv.4. v^ n.~a n '. =.' ~...o n.d ' o..4.". "e - - c. =.. f.. 12 MR. HIGGENBCTHAM: As Mr. Davis pointed out, what, in 13 order, I would first like to spend a very 'rief nine with one c i, q I 14,1 s.ide showinc. vou the environmental monitorine. c. roc. ram that was .'=..A, '..k. a. .'.d e. s a a ' s

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o 1, h / H f 1I usually placed much further out, where there is usually no o 4 , J .e-asas ' k. a- ..nba".4..'4'.v. '. k a '. '. h. e v w o t'.7 A ' a b e =.#.#'c'.rd "av, e i 3 plant. 4[ CCSSi!SSICNER AHEARNE : Could you say roughly what kind 5 of distance v.ou are talkin9? 1 6 31R. HIGGIN30 THAM: We're talkinc en the order of 40 -- 1 7-30 to 40 miles. I . e.- '..k. a b a c.u. c..- ".. A. s '. =. 4....c. '. 3, r n.mi s g n.y. r.a n.u.r.A.mer. A A 3 O i r e..w. a..b. o_ .i n. d.4 m. a. v.w.; 7 se i 10 i .. d 4 - 2..,. s a 4,,,s-a.

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] g -l t-1' Three Mile Island. I don't reca]l 2xactly. 2 COMMISSICNER AHEARNE: Now, things such as air particu-e 2 late measurements or the green leafy vegetable measurements, hcw i 4 far cut are those taken? S' MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: Usually taken fairly close in. Of 1 course, the vegetable measure =ents are taken maybe frc= a farm. 6j 7, CC.NC4ISSICNER AHEAFlIE : By fairly close -- d u.. r. c - rs.. e C. u.n.v.. ..w..-o_ e o .e,,/ o. ..4, o s, -.e .o.4ve e 3 .v.e.. au. v. a e_4los. 7 t 10l COMMISSICNER AMEARNE: Particulates, also? Il 1 MR. HIGGISBCTHAM: '.' e s. Again, those are taken fairly ende; 12 3 close in. Usually,within one et fcur miles. 1*i +f I 14 Ilt ecI 1w 6 i 16 l 17 ,,1 80 f im7 .m w A, . I em S 6 4* t Esceral R eco r'e<3, ! *C.

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7 .r-.. a y i 5 imagine it would vary, but they are #airly accurate. The 4 recple who process and run, the.v run c.uality controls to ,'l t ensure the accuraev.. ~ CCMMISSICNER GILINSKY: What's their range? -y .u.q.

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"w s e " "w 'w' '., b u ~. '.h e '.". - a. ^# y v. mw ~ a.n. n L, n.w. ,<a , a,. a. ,c n, an .n ..v.n..~. a..,,. - -.,. s. - v .v w v. a a. 4 ,. h.a.n. ...a... C n.uv. .q c C v..r.=s n.u..rn.;.e. r,.. n a_ ; e u, .w v .w. j.3 r 1 ~- A a _sa_ %, ...;,., i.- a m o. 91 .m C%.. f g [,, / ' Je- _ %xren l c. u. g w-v. C ~. =.n'.V.. _v a_ a. .u n.. a ~

I o, .i 70 4 'l A C O N S S ' 0"" r P ^' u r^' P "r.- 7 s *.". e.i."." a n 3 e .vr.. a.aw 1' _.43..,.4..e... o u, ,. e...,. s,.

c. A u v i.. c C..u n4..,.n

..ie .,_,C,, ..r w- .s, 2es. ...,--v .w 3 m.. w e. ! I don't knCw the exact tv.ee that is used bv Three Mile Island. 1 . i r wo..e e.. e - e,.4.-n...c... o.. C,.,.v r.. S e m. r 3 n.u.x.n.r. r- .v n 2, ,a.u.a. .4,d a.-o. ,,se,. K a ~ , i MR. HIGGIN30TU.AM : No, we do nCt. It is reviewed by i

he s'.a.#.#

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n.. 4. g.
w-11 CC.v.MISSIGNER AHIAR';E :

When VCu said they are fairlv. .4w4 .g, e., - 0 n..,.-n_ ,m av-...3.-=, m o..o t, ..,e-.. ,e., 3 v ru.. u.. y .e -i,3 ..."."..s'. Do we h.a'/a. .'.'" e m '.d.'* a..".. G.. 'w O n .4 ** 7 6,; e.- +- gw .v..'q.

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.v. - a. 2 desimeter, no, I don't know. C CA. '.v. '.c a".7 " ". r..o. n'.u..rn' -'."r. u - w a ". c u ~. *. k.e ' c ~ u. ' c v. '. n .~

u..r G.7.".:.C *. c W -

n' c -"- a -" '. "4 o, 2' A o n ' *. P.. ~- w. .v..g. . e .I i 5 know that the accuracy of the TLDs that have been used both by the licensee and by the three other agencies, which we will '? talk about later, who h, established TLD programs -- there I 4s a s "dv., = .- =..'.i....i.v.-v. s*udv. - ". .o c.a..k *.ha =-cu.--:, ad 5-" e C there is other ongoing work to check -- to callibrate those D dosimeters. So that we can go back and make scme corrections, l' if need be, on the readine.s that were obtained b.v all the 4 agencies. 13 CC.vv.ISSICNER AurAR"E: Do we cut a rec.uirement cn ( l' how.any dosimeters must be out there at what locations? i.c .v.R. u. Gv r.v..u C u.x,.v. .o. a w,. n ,.4 ,.w4s .s - e se e f -y 14- . he ary.14-3 c ne .1.,.e.nse ..ws. e, ge C, .es .4 .c- .w... a. 1.. - a.. 3 e .-s- .- a,<.i a.. uy .u -ss a a.=.=.

n. ~;,:

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waa.- nea a- ~.. M he a %...=..;ed, thaf s dcne at the time he cc: es-in. 1; w.a.w... w... a., w C,,, 4 . g e.o..ew o .w.C Uc..w. y g u. n...v.n.v u.r. v n g. r. .m y .. w .- i a..4.p p.o Ca.. ...a. .2m ' ^^~ ...<t. n-y, ~' C.:

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.e 4-i 12 o i1i MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: We would now like to go through a sort of chronolegy of the measurements made and when people arrived at the site in the early two days or so, and describe 4 some of the maximum ranges of measurements that were made. As 1 o5' we have heard T.anv times before about 7:30 the licensee r declared a c.eneral emerc.ency condition on site as a result of A 7 various indications that he had, and our NRC Regicn I office e. 4 o., 4 . c '-.4.'.4 a *. 4 c.". c # ~. 5a *. a__e.- e.n cv, c ^.n d.4

4 a.a.

= ~.

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arou: 7:45. 10 COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: About 7:00 o' clock. 13 v..n.

u..r c e - v=, C *. u; M -

.A. *..". a *w ~ 4.. a,

h e "a.R.C n" e c.ic r. 7 ma.

put together a responsu team, notified headquarters under our usual emergencv. eroce:ures, ad c..ispatcnec :ne team to n.e site ( u at about 3:45. They arrived en site at chout it 0

clock,

e..-

...4..,.,. o. s, o. 30 00 o .ho. ea.w.c.a. s. u .r.. w, e k. .w. .e c. 4 -. 3.., a.:.#.4..e a.".A .' i a d. " a.-. a.. s, we -a e.o.w o. 3OJC,..b..'.4 an.,

e. -

n o.r m.i. C.,W e e C.,.3 4 =.n. J . o. . o. w 4 W..w ~..3 m,,, y y wy w.. w me wy a anc noti:v.inc. ot.ner oeooAe in other ac.encies. at anout 3: 00

1. :.

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e a l

la, o i 1h CC."MISSICNER AHEARNE: Too late to change it. We've all learned that acronym. .v..q. u...' G G. ". C ". u '_v.. V.ou'.e..i c. ". *.. .e 4

m..s.e. e a..-

a.,.., g c.. s.4. e,... o. e.sc.e..4.. 7.4.. m o,. .w q site met with the licensee, e.e gave them a quick brief'ng on 6 the radiological plant conditiens, and the team immediately set out on site and near site to gather some measurements. o 3 And on site and on th2 island, they measured at about that time, shcr:1'r after 10:00 o' clock, levels on the ranc.e of 1 MR.cer 10 hour to about 7 MR per hour. 11 The fixed radiation =cnitors in the plant indicated i .I

= ' high radiation levels in the containment and auxiliary buildings, 0

[ and for the r. cst par: prevented access, personnel access into la certain areas of the auxiliarv buildin~. s l' Portable radiation surveys outside identify that 16 elevated levels outside of those buildings. But the levels curside were not so high that we were not able to accumulate Z and make scme survevs at least. And from these surveys, it l' u a,s d e a_.- m.4.* e d. ~..". a

a _- =_ _' a_ a s e " " a.' " c -. e _= c. ' "s.' v, w _= _e

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== 64 ..;*- en lexr se$ la:

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4 i

1 i, CO.V.\\iISSICNER KENNEDY : Was occurring, or had occurred? ll 2 U MR. HIGGIN30TH.Mi: It was occurring at the time, had 2 started sometime previously. I think scme indications we had 4 seen in looking at some of the stack =cnitors, the highest one 5] apparently the peak readings, and when the monitor peaked cut I 1 6' was about 7:00 in the morning. 7i (S lide. ) B And they remained that way for several days. Shortly ll after 7:00 -- 1 10 ;l C o.v'1" S S I AN. r_.'. G '. L".IS 7. v. - '.O.'.a*. A o *y*o u.u. a.a., "'.".a'.' "_ e a k a_ A_ a .I 1 Il ' out"? That was the maximum reading? I,. MR. HIGGIN30THA.V. : No. It actually cecc.ed at the high s p I3 ( reading. 14 C^.v.'1'.SSIONTR. 6 7 7.T. N. S K V.. '. we".*. c## s c _= 1 a_ 7 e.. 15 'i .v.u.

u. r U. J..4 D v s..tb'a.

v. o s.

..- T - nrnu - u.

I

.t i 16 l CO.v.MISSIONER GILINSKY : A..d what was the highest read-i 1 ing? 1 .,i MR. HIGGIN30'"EAM : At the =cnitor? I did a quick lock 'o - l 9 ' at that, and I think probab1v. the =cnitor I was lockinc. at, a ~e probably the top scale is something around a curie per seccad. 'l

That's the release rate.

That's the maximum reading of the 4 ..c.4 .d - s c...e.."..'.. c, c.# *k.a*. .d.a. s 4 -.4 C.,. 7 5;. 3.3. o 71 00, _" e. a. --. >A.4.<=..'.. ' a. '.' a.' s. ". e - a. cw aa < o'a l a...h.e ck,se.s, 4me. C o _..

o.,,

<....C.. 4 s - :.c.>. o __ ..wi ..w 4 w. w .o ~~ ... e +- a... ...e a s,. G C e Feceral A eoor'ers. me. 4C .v. u,, w 3 __ b.e._ o r .gry q q - ^ s. 4 p+r.. n.n..r.n.O.s*r.. =.f m t,. w 3 3.,e

e..n.

m 3 ww ...,-.v 4 u [ \\bD LO'

i t 1-a 1 all of these 11:00, or are these various '_imes? l' d 2 MR. HIGGIN3CTHAM: These are various tires o eq COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Do vou have the times? I i 4 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Not the exact times. No, sir. The i, S amount and mass of data on the n'mber of measurements taken a i on March 28 is overwhelming, just for the one day. 6)just 7: What I tried to pick out here were some of the maximum l 6 3l -- seme of the maximum readings, and give you F_ hat, pointing oil 9 I out the location of where thev were. o

l 10j The times varied.

Some of them, as we go through, as 1 64 113 I c.o through here, I will point out some of the times that these i 12 j measurements were taken. 12 u COMMISSICNER ;REARNE: You have beta and ga.ma. What 'l t. o 14 kind of devices are you now talking about? 4 15 1 MR. HIGGINECCHAM: I am talking about hand-held survey i i 16 instrument with an open -- with a thin window which will admit 4a -- -'- '^ --- ~4' ,,, _ 2. n _2 '.. 4 s.. - e'.---- 3 ". e.. a_ _- -". "e'a, =..% '..". e - a- _4-4 s --e .v ~ i! n R over that one. Se, if we talk beta gamma, the shield is open; t 19 ' it's reading highest beta. And normally, the levels that we 20 reported in the PN, if we bring it up here, we talk abcut gamma ,; 1 ..ie as u e..e.. _a, _4 * ' e

k.e i.n s..-..*.....a d e *"..". '

c _- _ a".' e s " -~. a_ v e 22 instrument with the shield closed when we talk about gamma. 22 Stil'., scme of that reading ceuld be attributed to 24 wa-w o..n.e.- -.. w~e.a. ..w..-. ac 4.,.,

e. e

.2 .v. - e

acu, 2 -.g.

a -- -r ..se.. acorms. i c. 'C .. a s-

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a. a n. *. c..

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i l 16 i 1; about 11:30 levels of about 3/10 of an MR per hour were measured 't 2 en Highway 283 near Harrisburg. f 1 3i COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: So that would be what? About 1 4 10 miles away, eight miles? 5 MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: It's about 10 miles north, north-l 6-d west. 7l CEAIRMAN HENDRIE: How much, Leo? i Si MR. HIGGINBCTEAM: 3/10 of an MR per hour. That was P 9i en Eichwav. 233 to Harrisburg. a I i 101 In the evening of March 28 there was, I think, the 1 11 ) highest level that we have seen on this. It was about 70 MR per 12 ] hour beta ga==a. Abcut 1620 hours at the north gate of the 13' clant. (- ,1 ~ !I 14 ? (At 10:45 a.m., Cc==issioner Bradford arrived.) 15, COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: 70? i 16! MR. HIGGINECTFAM: 70.

Yes, i

,ow, this was -- did you have C C c.... - _ _., s....=2 c 2 va r r. nne n.,..r : s I a '3 at that time a fixed =cniter there? 19 1 MR. HIGGINECTHAM: No, sir. These were ground survey 20 teams. I think every measurement we have here that we will 21 ' talk about were made by ground survey teams, pecple in vehicles 1 l 22 or on foot, using portable, hand-held survey insttuments. 23 CCMMISSIONER AHIARNE: Did we bring in any additicnal 24 fixed equipment?

t GtCtf at R tOOf*tr1 t RC.

25 MR. HIGGINBCTHAM: We used fixed -- we brcught in -- 4 /

)

\\O l

y,, 1 l 17 l 1 11 in fact, we brought sc=e fixed equipment and used it in plant e

i 2 ", for protection of our own people and to assist us in evaluating --

9 3 COMMISSIONER AHEAFSE: But no fixed equipment il ? .1 MR. HIGGINECTHAM: NRC 'id not. We brought in fixed 5 air equipment we set up offsite. Later on in the evening we 1 'l 6h brought in -- we had the NRC trailer -- we had a fixed pressurized 7l ion chamber, which was a recording device recording the gamma 8 radiation at low level. That operated at cur place. The other 9 agencies had fixed equipment. 1 10 ! COMMISSIONER AHEAFSE: Is the information you are 1 11 presenting to day a blend of our and the other agency information? 12 MR. HIGGINECTHA'4 : Yes, sir, it is. Mos t o #

'a aum-l 13, bers are, except for these initial numbers.

Most of these ( dd3 1.1 ', measurements were made by the NRC or the licensee. i is 1 .i 16 ' l l 10 ' 19 20 $1 ' .4 "4 44 tStC tt at A tOCPtr1, l PC. ^C '3 ?,.3 < *b o/ LU-7 \\

R %3 o, i1 1- < c e .' I.V. *A Ig e *,,,. ] .,Asa ....e. p 1d, MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: The aerial surveys began on the t 2 afterncen of March 29th. When they arrived there, they located,i 2 the initial survev located a plume traveling in a north-northeast direction, ancroximatelv a 30 degree sector and measured radia-e. u 1 i l 5i tion levels about a tenth of an MR per hour out to about 6 16 miles. 7? COMMISSIONER KENNEDY: This was about what time? 4 O MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: In the evening. It was about 4:00 o' clock in the afterncon. Between -- I think their first 10 flic.ht was somewhere between the hours of mavbe 3:30 to 4:30. 11. A tenth of an MR per hour -- 1 i '.' ". C ^.v v..e S ION. r.o. .K_r'. '..': D v..- '".h a ' o- ".e a.i _- "e.' a..e ..h a. c a..a. 13 up from Washington? 14 ! MR. FIGGIN30 TEAM: Yes, sir, from Andrews Air Force 15 Base. It was a helicopter. 16 C O.W. .C. S 7 0 '?r.R K.r.'..'v., _r" v. - Ves. s. ... e.=..n.... .e....,.u. n:. .r. . e _,..a c,,. _,., .u. .. A v v., c v .i. n v.

c..

f I3 miles. And as it apprCached closer in Oc the plant, of course, IC the readines increased. And the tvr.e ~ instrument that was ,,s ed. '.. ..' a- .#.4 - ~ ~ # _' _4 ".. was a -=....= -- a.. =.- = v. a w ^# ,a...~..= seec.-,.,. o,_ 4-..e.. c a.. = _av o ~# s w-d i " ~. 4 ^ d i de e e---. d ^- e. a

". a. v. ' a va..'-':" s a..o '..i ". a.

a.. A ..k. a. 4..a-..-"..a...- aa. .=.ad- -=-__v a ,,ose .,...o.w_,_,,. 2 n. ..w, _..as .w. w.v_.1 m _: _ r vr.e. n.u.r, e.s r. c a.,_.., -. _ o_ /,. _,. A..- m.4 _n. w ..E*- 2 eX f *e.s i ac. 1 -c MR. .. _ - _. 3 C. r..... : .a

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.n uv _.. u nave nc.. ., u t _ater z

o. 9 9 19 i g e il l 1-on thev flew with a portable hand-held instrument, and most of i. 2 the:cadings later on were made that way. The sensitive gamma instrument was used to tocate the plume, and.,ater on, when l the levels dropped down, they were able to measure with that. i i i 5-The level en this flight when it did saturate, close in to the clant, was probablv on the order of 5 or 6 MR per e i 7! hour close in to the plant. N CC.5:ISSIONER KENNEDY: 5 or 6 MR cer hour? MR. HIGGINBOTEAM: Yes, when the instrument saturated. Thev. did identify by gamma spectral analysis the 1L9 11 radioactivity was principally Xenon 133, and that was throughout the accident it was principally -- that radioisc:cpe was the c cne that was principally measured in the air by the aerial b i survey. 15 The evening of March 28th, the agencies concucting 16 radiation surveys and samplings included the licensee, the

u. n..c.,

,e _e.. e_ _. -y _e.. A_ *

e

.e _ _" ~_ =_. " _o e_......; _' ". _=.._' _=. _n _ _e _.... o... ^ o 1: In addition, t.he CCE. AP.v.S heliccpter and the liRC team of portable ecu pment, our = chile laboratory frc= the Region I, had arrived at the site and was prccessing and analyzing some of the samples. .a w o... e .4., - i. 7

h. e._ o_

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5 Contacted and turned arOund and sent back dCwn, back Oc n f l\\

20 .e 3 h, a 11 ,I 1 Three Mile Island. io o COMMISSIONER 3RADFORD: Dces each region have one 1 2l such vehicle? MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: Recicas 1, 2 and 3 either have it 4 i t

t.

. ', or are presentiv. beinc. ecuirped with it. It was alreadv in the 4 4. c.rocess. I think thev were in the process of procuring some I 7j additional equipment. 4 and 5 do not have a mobile van, but 1

: they will have.

1 CCMMISSICNER SRACFORD:

Sc if this had happened on 1; the West Coast, it would have been the amount of time it would 11 have taken to get it out there frc= Region 3? a 1 1-MR. HIGGIN30TH.;M: We could have gotten equipment ,3 either frc= another regicn or we could have gotten it frc= \\ - l 14 another laboratory. l 15 i MR. DAVIS: When the extent of this became kncw:.. of 16, course, we were flying equipped trucks by the Air Force, se that they could have airlifted some. 1 COMMISSICNER KZNNEDY: Well indeed, had it happened 19 on the West Coast, presumably '.ne equipment that exists at the

c hig laboratories on the West Coast wculd have been imnediately 21 available, is that right?

MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: Yes, sir. We could have gotten assistance through the Depart..ent cf Energy, through the IRA 2. CHAIRMAN HZNORII: Why dcn't we move ahead, then. w.E** 'h 9 *1 '*'1 8 9C.

5 MR. HIGGINECTHAM:

Sampling analysis of milk and .f e \\ l

0, 21 e 4-i u i 1 0 i li! air sampling also becan in the evening of March 28, and it has l i 2, continued to date, really. 2 CCMMISSIONER 3RADFORD: How much of this did we do 4a ourselves and how much did we hire a contractor to do? i 5 MR. HIGGINECTHAM: All of the measurements here that 6 we are reporting were done by us. The work that we contracted 7j out was analysis of TLDs at stations that we established on l, e' March 31st, which I will mention later, and the whole body 9 countin, work which we contracted out. We had our own labora-t 10 ' tory. We analyzed all~the samples. We took in all the survey 11 instruments. They were dcne by our own people. I'l Z CCMMISSIGNER 3RADFORD: I guess, for future reference, i; I at least feel we ought to have a notion of available contrac-la tors such that we wouldn't have to hire utility subsidiaries 15 to do that work. 16 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir, understood. The next day, by March 29, the NRC team at the site had set un ami es*a'-14 C ed more or less a routine operation, 1 and se had procedures for obtaining both on-site data and off-site data that was being collected by -- at least by the 21 COE and state agencies. This information was being relayed to our NRC regional office on the site and to us here in head-cuarters. 24 Aerial surveys were being conducted, and fairly ..; g-A exe *ges ir c. -s

5 fre-nntly, at about 3 to 6-hour intervals.

]bb L

e 5,

] 22 i, Ih COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Are you going to talk any er more about the 28th? ,,I n n.r ve C m..u ~ v. .v.R. .. vv ~ .o. COM>iISSIONER A-iEARNE: Well, then, would you say a .3 l I 3 little bit about the plume, the tracking of the plume, the 6 measurements made in the plume, where the plume touched down. MR. HIGGINDOTHAM: Okay. This -- as I said, the 7q e i li 3 only general description of it I have here is that the first flight measured it, as I said, in a north to northeast direction. 1 ;. They measured it out to about 16 miles. 11 ' CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: I got that. i i

u. - n c.m.'.v, e mu.A.v..

v n.4, ,n,e 2,, e h,Ve, .u.R. a.; A

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..vv .s v ..w. .6 w_. ..".e ea..'" s a3_s, a d.i d ~.v' ae _dm'.' s "m.- ~. a " .a=....-a.-., . ~. - d --io 2 2 ( u do we have recorded here, the places where the plume touched

5 down.

It did at various times, did touch the ground. le COMMISSICNER AHEARNE: And we did have some measure- .m..e.e. 4 s 3 's MR H.!_ GGT"'C"U'v- a s we did.have.so-a. Cn the u 28th, no. COMMISSIONER AHEAP.NE: Wel', you nave grcund level _n ._.w. e , u.. e _3.::.:. MR. HIGGINECTHAM: Right, and those were taken cn the 3 c ".. u..d e -..e a * ". ~..*. e, _' " ~..a. . i c - *..". o...". a_ _' _a.... A C e v.rL..c., _: _ e y. R n-..=r~ v.v =. wh e _ a_, .4 u. s.-, a,x,,n e c. 25 MR. HIGGIN30T"AM: Oh, north of che plant. There were a f ~i r ,i30 Lu

23 e 6. .I M. l1h sc=e n,asurements made on the evening of the 28th in m Middletown. i i CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Where was the 15 that vou have here? l 4 l e MR. HIGCINBOTEAM: This.was in the -- this was on the, s I site. This 15 was on the site, on the Island. Let me sav on 4 i l r the Island. The site itself is the fenced-in area on the 7, I aj Island. I o 9 COMMISSIONER AEEARNE: And I thought I rere=bered on ic' the 28th one of the high readings being cn the ground at the i 11,; airpo rt. I MR. H.IGGINBOTEAM: And there was a measurement at the airport, I think, if I recall correctly, it was about i \\~ 12 MR per hour at the international airport, that's correct. 1.g

i..c COMMISSIONER AHEARNE:

Do v.ou have any kind of

3 diagram that shows cur best understanding of where the plume was?

12 MR. EIGGINBCTEAM: I didn't brinc it with me. With 1; the PN-1 thing, I think we put' together a series of about six er eight macs showine where the plume was at varicus times and rafiation measurements. .i CCMMISSIONER KENNEDY: Didn't the DOE cperation rather inte.:sively map all that data? MR. HIGGINECTEAM: The plume data? Ge-A e x "*e s 10. m a n.y b O A s a m-a y.r % A.rver.J.. ya.s. ny w.. .a .s u 1 7/ 'l / O 1JO /UU

e, a s, e/ l i t i p MR. HIGGINBOTEAM: Yes, sir. 2, CCMMISSIONER KENNEDY: Those maps'are available to o us? u 4I MR. HIGGINBOTEAM: Ye:3.

l 5 la, COMMISSIONER GILINSKY :

Starting at what point? e 1 6 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Probably about the 30th or maybe 'l 7 shortly after that. Now, I say the 30th because beginning then a the aerial surveys started flying more or less a fixed pattern,! c something they could reference and look at trends over a pericd l 10 of time. And I have a slide which shows that, at least in one 11 l cut, a litta later on. a i uunaze o 2veen- -..... - - - -.._ G i s A.4s a : - vou_,d you say something more ... s.-.... 12.i 1 12 about the aerial survey? Co they continuously read to the ( 14 ground or do they keep track of their position in reading? 15 Ecw does it work? 16 MR. HIGGIN3CTHAM:

Yes,

-ir. They keep track of -- .. _a _ u. _ = _ _,, _ -~

u..

. u. g,;. 2, yea _- u__-,_.,,.

n..c.. u.g _a -, n_ e _t a _a..

..a_,. an un. -e n. -~ .s 18 tic:7 t:r the ground. They de track or read cut centinucusly. CCMMISSICNER GILINSKY: This is just visually or ,~.u,., 21 MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM. No, there is an on-board small .inicomputer which stores the information, puts it en tape, and it's analyzed in more detail later on. But they alsc get ^2 a visual display or visual readout -- a 5e* R e x *'t*1 ln. 25 CIMMISSIONER GILINSKY: I mean their locaticn. 6 9/O LOi

e8 1 7-c ,a 't i I a! MR. HIGGINEOTHAM: I'm sorrv. { MR. GILINSKY: In other words, how do they decernine . I i their location, just visually, they're seeing at a certain place this is what they recd? 4 MR. HICGINSOTHAM: No, I'm not that familiar with 2.i 6 the equipment. They have sophisticated equipment on board. COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: At the particular place that 7 1 g they were, they could very well have used Harrisburg ground Cm.. .3 .he. s so.. c 4-,,e. e a v.... --. 3 - 7 COVV

3 C T O""rP "r"K' r"v. -

a's a.mm.e. o#. # = C *., * ".e y ..ai.a_ ^ - * ' 10.' 11 l a rather elaborate pre-attempt, if you will, survey, and it's all manced. And whatever thev flv then is against the reference -4 i i w a* '-a w..o m - 's a.,.- adv. e s *. *.".'.i s.".a d .d.a. '..k. a *...= y.i.~e, ".".4..". _4 - d^*a. a -.. before the clant ever comes on line. i. 15 MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: Right. Three Mile Island was , t. survev.ad in 1976. MR. GOSSICK: For Mr. Gilinsky's point, they do have on-board navication that's c.recise, gives their exact position e 1; from some reference points such as the TAC and/or one of the n navigational fixes around there. As I understanc it when they 1 showed me the helicocter ecuitment out there, this is all .- e recorded. Your c.uestion was ccm_nc. to, are thev recortinc it ' a c.>. = s * ". e d - .a.k.d.a.c.

4..v..=d4^'.

w a ..Fe* R e.;c e ge s i t' [ n.M V. ** w g

Q 'i 3 F *
T U.Q ".N. e

_D r. b.,

y g <g.

6 - C .7 J

u..t w..

V a-,0 4 7/ 97b \\30 Li u

.e 9 ] 26 n .i 1 j] MR. GOSSICK: And I'm not sure -- MR. HIGGINECTHAM: No, I don't think thev do. I think it's tac.ed on bcard the aircraft. Thev do have radio communications with the ground, so that they can give ther if 4 1 ", -'87. 4n. p.o~w.,e...s c w4-w e=di-n3s o sv..se-..4.~ m'.. A ..k. a_2" .u 5- ..-3.. 3 6 could radio this information hck to the ground. o, 7j CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: So they go up and fly around u 11' a bit and ccee back to the airport, and then process the data anc celiver it to us. ,o ' MR. HIGGIN3OTHAM: Right. CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Ecw long does that **'._c 1 1 '.! ea - S,, u,.., .4..,, .u s, - u - a u- ~ ~. w" - u -... na - aa--r -G,, 12 ' s-a--- 2 1 g indication and they give us their readings immediately once 14 they are back on the ground. Or, as I said, they have radio 15 communications with the ground. 16 CCMMISSICNER AHEARNE: Yes, they were giving sc=e - ad4.co-w "..4 _' a_ -hav, w a_ - a_ .'.a_ -.i. -a a -

3 MR. HIGGINSCTHMb Philc they were in the a.d.r, and.

we e ..".a 4..#+-..a*-4-, -..... e d 4 a a'v. ..k. e..o - a-.sc..4-~4 a ad i-a 3 w.. analysis of the data frcm the tapes is done after thev are en -4 the c_round, and that sometimes takes cuite a while. .i Cn March 29, radiation levels at the site boundary

3 ranged up to about 50 MR per hour.

The plume during the T.orning 2a cf March 29 was still in a north -- was still in a northern

-3 a.m,s i,: .
5 directicn, generally north to northwest.

The aerial survays 4 / 9/t D Lo a

e 10 1

27 1 l measured levels in the range of .5 MR per hour at one mile and 1 ; about tuc-tenths of an MR par hour 10 miles from the site. 2 Generally, those numbers I gave you are generally the highest 4 that were recorded during those days. II a 5j Off-site ground surveys indicated radiation levels o 6 were generally less than 1 MR per hour during the cay, maximum i 7j off-site radiation levels at 20 MR per hour of gamma, 30 MR a d i 3 per hour of beta-gamma when measured one mile west of the 9I plant in Goldsboro at about 0600 on the 29th. And these levels, .i 10 from the survey team that was running that side of the river, 11.l they persisted for a short period of time, something on the 1 12., order of less than an hour. I 13 - (Slide.) ( e 14 1 By the end of March 30, the number of NRC staff on 15; the site was 83. It included both regional office and head-16 > Cuarters personnel. ^ur surveys were more Fcheduled and rcutine. The ground level surveys in off-site areas en is March 30th devnwend L the si e showed levels ranging frem a 19 tenth of an MR per hour up to about 2 MR per hour. The aerial survey showed levels of about 8 to 10 MR per hour over the 21 site and levels of about 6 to 8 MR per hour in the plume near the site. In the evening of March 30, the plume was tracked in ^2 the west-northwestern direction from the site and was not e.:,- -. a. :c..m

5 detectible beycnd 5 to 6 miles.

17/ 9/,/ \\JO Lt u

e 11 28 i

L i 5 i 1g By the end of March 31, ground and aerial surveys 2 were being coordinated on a frequent basis and resulte reported 2 a little more regularly to headquarters. We were also beginning a' to receive the results of milk, water and air samples that had 4 ll 5; been taken. The delay in receiving results o.1 samples at that i4 ' time was caused bY the crocessine. times from the laboratories. t 7, On March 30 the licensee -- that was the day the I a' licensee reported the results of 18 TLD stations that he had a taken down and replaced for analysis, and those 18 stations 10 were within a 15-mile radius of the site. The TLDs -- it was 111 part of their routine program. They had been in place for l about three months and they had been exposed for about 32 hours 12 j ~3 in the accident. ( la 1 There were three high readings, dosimeters showed i 15 high readings. And these, again, are numbered and reported in 16 ' the PN. The highest one was from the station on the Island 2 e.,.:,,,.u. n,.. ..,n_ e.... s o: .. o u._. o. u..n. e. n.a . u.,. ..._.c. .a -.. -~.

3 reactor building.

When I say "the reactor building," we're '9 using a reference point about midway between the two reactor buildings, two-tenths of a mile north-ncrthwest, and it read

1 about 920 MR, which was 900 to 905 MR above previous normal

2 quarterly readings.

w.v..:. 7 C'.F."s a'.u..r '.C '.'r '.^... 4 "n w e - a. ~..'. e...- "....' n c.' ' " = ~, -r around 15? .c. v. n e w,.,,-:. U. T F "

V.4"O V m.J.V..

VoG .En

b,.
C

.\\f C. e AmW Jw3*._V.n.. e. e ..dV. m e w w.4 m w sw d p / 9 73

e 12 ll 29 a

If 4 1p Another high :eading of the three was about fcur-tenths 1 2; of a mile north of the reactor. Again, that was on the Island 2 and it read about 80 MR, 80 or 81, approximately 55 MP above a the millirem -- 1 a 51 CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Where was the 920, again? 'i 6 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Two-t<2nths of a mile north-a 71 northwest of the reactors on the Island, at the -- nearly the d 3 shore of the Island. ol CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: This is on what date? l 10 1 MR. HIGGINECTRAM: These were -- these TLDs were taken 11 ! down on the 31st. As I said, they had been exposed -- they had 12 ' been out there for about three months. They had been exposed .I a 13 " for about 32 hours after the accident. It was normal licensee's 14 quarterly TLD stations. l 15 CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: So it's about 30 MR per hour? 16 MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: Yes. C ro.... - -. e._,w-s c o w.4 :.n ana nt. cast, :or an average. 13 " MR. HIGGINS-CTEAM-Okay, 32, that's right. 19 CCMMISSIONER BRADFORD: Would you have expected to have been at zero if you had taken them up just before those 21 32 hours began? CCMMISSIONER A~iEAFC:E: No, about 15.

3 MR. HIGGINECTHAM:

No, the previous normal quarterly 22 readings had been in the range of 15 or 20 MR per hour. ...-...:,x,..., rc 25 CCMMISSICNER SRADFORD: I see. i 17h 0 ll '

ae 13 1 30 n it 1 CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Let's see you skipped over r i this aerial reading that was reported at 1200 MR. MR. HIGGINSCTHAM: 1200 MR -- we never saw an aerial c 4. reading of 1200 MR. liq 5 !; CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Could you say something about a I 6 ^I that? u 7' MR. HIGGINECTHAM: We've looked through logs and I .a,, we've talked to people at the sites and evervthinc else, and we have not been able to trace down any reading of 1200 MR. 10 CCl*MISSIONER AHEARNE-: How about 400? 11 d MR. HIGGINBOTHAM. Or 400 MR per hour. You mean in 12.l the air, aerici surveys? is CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Yes, over the stack. k_ 14., MR. HIGGINBOTEM4: Oh, there may have been one by 13 the Metropolitan Edisen survey crew, fairly high over the 16 stack for a short pericd of time, yes. '7 ' CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Where did that number ccme 1 1 is, from, then? 10 MR. HIGGINEOTHAM: What, the 1200 MR per hour? CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Yes. 21 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: When I say "we," I'm talking abcut the group in which I was.

3 CCMMISSICNER KENNEDY:

I read a tape that says it was ^4 a calculational number. ? f e" ?r

RfXf ters f*C.

25 MR. HIGGINECTEAM: It could very well have been. I i36 275

e 14

'l 31 .a $.1 4 know there was a 1200 MR reading that was a calculation. i 2r MR. GOSSICK: Wasn't there also speculation that the 2 shine was accountable for some of this 71ose in? u 4 1 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir, undoubtedly there was. e i 1 5a Some cf the on-site readings around the site most certainly a i 6 L was shine and not from the plume. l a 7-MR. DAVIS: If I might interject that this was one j l { I of the matters that our investigating team was extremely alert a 9 l to, in trying to detemmine where that number came from, what it a 's 10 ' does represent. lr 11 '.l COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: We do remember the number. 12 MR. DAVIS: I remember it vividly. d 13 e MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: But I said we had not been able k D 14 h to -- I'm talkinc about those of us at headquarters who have 15 locked into it. As Mr. Davis points out, it certaini.y will 16 ' be looked into. c.u. s..v : v a.v, u.rv..n o..-r.. v o_ s. n _c._ e_..w...e 4...o. _4.. . + 4 .w. 4. M was of high interest, somabcdy told ma that they had not heer. 19 able -- I think, Harold, it was you that told me on the phone that you hadn't been able to verify that there had been such 21 a number, speculated on where it might have come frcm. MR. DENTON: ' - b 4 " '< *"at number came from the 22 licensee's helicopter. But as I&E says, I think we are still not clear on the exact readings that led to those phone calls 9 ft"'t? R t 3C T *t's I R C.

5 back to us about the number 1200.

But it wasn' ours, it was 17h / \\D l'

.e 15 j .2 il !I 1 :! the licensee's helicopter over the site. I'm not trying to pin; the number dcwn. I 2 CHAIIO1AN EENDRIE: I expect the investigators will .2 : locate what can be known about it. It would be interestine 'l ~ to o 5 5 find out. ,1 6.i 7 i i Sl 9I I 10 ' 11 ] .l u, is ll l, 14!! I-15 :: 16 ^! i 19 6W m6 e 21 ..:e t rai Re crte s. inc.

C

/ ') 7 7 ~ 0 lI

MIMI/pv - -. 33 I l 1 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Also on March 31 -- ail 2 COMMISSIONER BRADFORD : Let me just again try to 2 understand what that is actually saying. Is that saying that i 4 the highest reading over the site on March 30 -- I t, 5 l ~ MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Measured by the ARMS aircraft was 6 'll eight to 10 MR per hour. At the time they flew the -- at the !I 7! tire they flew. Now, they weren't running, you know, hourly i c, surveys. 't o9j COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Weren't they down with radio 10 problers for a while? s II I MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir, they were. They were I 1 also down for a period of about a day or so because of weather. o I l 4' ( Right. They were also down because of radio problems. 14 l CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Which dav were rhev down with 15 weather? 16 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: It will show up on a later slide, 3 I7j because I have a blank slide. O M' CCMMISSICNER 3RADFORDr It isn't the 30th, at any rare. l ^ I9 ?, MR. HIGGINEOTHAM: No, sir. They were flying en the "O,30th. In fact, the 30th, I think, was one of the days where 99 ; they were flying about ev,ry three or four hours. CCMMISSIONER 3RADFORD : We were being told with some 23 precision that morning that readings 600 feet over the site were rangin; frce 25 up to 1200 MR. .e-EtOff 31 A tOOrtef t. Inc. "C MR. HIGGINBCTEAM: Again, sir, Metropolitan Edison had i n~D i3o c/o

0 34 d n i s 1 chartered an aircraft, and they were making scme surveys. And 1 2 p they were generally doing their surveys over the site. And the f I' 1 2 l ARMS aircraf t was staying off the site. i 4 We had and did report scme of the readings made by i l 5, Metrpolitan Edison. h 6 COMMISSIONER AHEAPlIE: Do you know what kind of ecuip-1 7'i ment they were using? l B! MR. HIGGINBCTHAM: Portable survey instruments. 9 CCFMISSICNER AHEAFl'E : Calibrated? 10 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir, I weuld assume they were II calibrated. f 12 COMMISSIGNER GILINSKY: Why was the ARMS aircraft g il j n, staying off the site? Was that an agreement? J O I43 MR. HIGGINECTHAM: At one time there we'. four heli-1 15 ' copters flying, and they were trying to keep out of each other's 16 ' way. So, generally, the licensee was doing his surveys over the s 1 17 site, and the other Site, and we, the ARMS aircraft, were stay-M ] ing something on the order of a thousand yards or so awa.y fren J ,1 a I9 : the site. o i 'O COMMISSIONER AHEAR2iE: Fairly close. 1 Lde 2 2I MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: Ch, yes, it was fairly close. Jackup 22 i Generally, the ARMS aircraft would go up to locate the plume and fly a cne-mile radius circle, locate the plume; then they would 24 track in and out on the plume. That's generally the way they 3 Eecef ai Q eDorte's. Inc, j ,c located the plume. And about every flight was flown in this q70 \\

--as 1I manner. 4 2!! COMMISSIONER BPADFORD: Now, are these readings con-1 3' sistent with a much hicher readinc directl-over the site? 4 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: I have no idea, sir. They probably 5 would be, but I have no idea. Again, as I pointed out before, l 6 we have a mass of data, and that's some of the things that we 71 will look into. 3! Again, as I pointed out before, I am not aware of the 9 1200 MR reading, i 10 CCMMISSIONER BRADFORD : But these slides, then, do not 11 h include data generated by Metropolitan Edison's readings at the site? MR. HIGGINBCTHAM: No, sir. These are generally ARMS'. (n

0 MR. GOSSICK:

I think anothe r thing to recall on the .i. 14 ! 30th -- I believe this is orrect -- winds were just practically 16 I calm and didn't vary to the extent that there was -- so there "j wasn't much movement away from the site. I3 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Back to March 31, that was the day a 19 j that the NRC established 37 TLD stations, its own TLD stations, -n within a radius of about 12 miles of the site. We placed -- i COMMISSICNER KENNEDY: 37, you say? a 2 MR. HIGGISBOTEAM: 37, heginning March 31. Later en, 23' April 5, added 10 additional TLD stations, and these were at schools in the area. u Esceral A e00r'Pfl. I nc. x COMMISSICSER AEEARNE: 12 miles out being still part I

36 i 1 of the station? I 2 'II MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: This was close in, as we will later l e 8 2 :i on in another slide, the TLD stations that had been placed by 4 other staticas. We placed two or more TLDs at the sta. ns, one c l 5l of them to be left for an indefinite perica of time and the I6 ;l other we were changing out on a daily basis to get a daily inte-7 grated dose. 8! I think we finally removed the one that had been out 99 there since the 31st. That was removed, I think, yesterday or 10 the day before, and I haven't seen the results of those, but we i 11 ! should have them shortly. I2 ; To continue on through April 1 and the early hours of n 13 0 April 2 -- (,. 14 ll (Slide.) 3 n il 15il -- Aerial surveys were still being conducted at about 'l 161 three-hour intervals. On April 2 a radiation level of about ,i 17 three MR per hour was measured in the plume, abcut one mile from 18, the plant. And, cut,at. a di.s',-n af. abcut '" ea -4'as it was i,! 19-reading something on the order of 1/10 to 1/2 of an MR per hour. 1 0 20 j Cn April 2 -- it was also the day that we had received i 21 ] some reports from the licensee, analyses of milk samples, and i 22 q,. that was the day where they reported 41 picocuries per liter of 23 radioicdine in goats milk sample and the highest of S.4 pico- ,1 curies per liter in cows milk. .4.c . n.,ormt rc. 25 As you recall, as I said before, frem the Chinese nn 136 ocov

37 I fallout, we had levels in the range of 28 to 30 picoeuries per 4 i 2!

liter, i

3 COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Khat is the significance of 4 4i that? Why do you mention it? I 5 MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: Nothing, other than from fallout 6' we had 30 picocuries per liter, and this one will give you a 7 range of -- i 8' COMMISSICNER KENNEDY : The acceptable range is? 93 MR. HISBINGOTEAM; Well, acceptable range, I would say f ti 10 l that the guidance range for taking action is in the range of o II 12,000 picocuries per liter at the test stage. The guidance is ,, i to remove cows from pasture. I3 b CCMMISSIONER KENNEDY: 12,000, as contrasted with eight? ( l 14 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: I am sorry? 1 15 COMMISSIONER KENNEDY: As cortrasted with eight? 16 l1 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: As contrasted with eight. u 17 CCM'iISSICNER AHEAR';I: What's the normal background? il ti 18 What do they normally expect? Or is it not seasurabla? P 19 ] MR. HIGGINECTHAM: Usually, below minimum detectable 1 20 i activities, and that's down in a few or less than one picoeuries, i ,. i ' i a few picccuries per liter. ,, J 1 -- 1 COMMISSICNER A'dEARNE: Yes. a 't 23 : MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: For the remainder of the summary 2# I have two cuher slides which I would like tc go over. r-Fecef al R eoorters. Inc. C (Slide.) f an1 0 60'

I 38 l i 1 This just gives some representative readings of vari - n 2 ] ous kinds. First,on ground-level surveys, aerial surveys, air L 2 i samples, TLD measurements. These are NRC TLD measurements. l .I 1 4' Milk sample, and vegetation samples. i i 5: Now, some of the slides on this page, we later found 't 66 some errors that have since been corrected. Sut in the right-7l hand column on this page, for April 12, under " Vegetation," if i i 8 you have a slide that says "50, 260," it should be "80, 260." a 9,; Under " Vegetation" on April 14, it should read "160" instead of 4

l 10 ] " 4 0. "

And on Ap-il 16, under " Vegetation," it should read "40 s 11 f to 730." '2 CC:C:ISSICNER AHEAFlE: Can you give anything like g il 13h acceptable or ahatever term you would.'.ike to use, but scme ( l, 14 ' standard for each of these? a J 15 d MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir. Well, okay, which one 16 ]l' .. do we want to start with? It 17 ' CO.vMISSICNER AHEAP2E : Whv don' t we start en the lef t u

l 18 i ar.d. wc k. cvar to tha ri-"'

f 1 19 l MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: And ground-level MR per hour, the 1 l 20, backeround ncrmally is in the range of.01 MR per hour or a 21 : little less. Around the range of 10 micro per hour. The aerial. i t 221 survey probably in the same range, down in the range of.01 MR 22 ' per hour. 24 Air sample, this is samples and analysis for iodine. e Feceral Recorters. Inc. 25 The MFC for iodine is one times 10-10 in unrestricted areas. noq b

i 39' I t i 1i TLDs is another reference to backcround. ils, which : i !I 2j are in the range of.01. i 3 Milk, picocuries per liter, as I said, the reference 4 point we gave was at 12,000 picoeuries per liter, which was i. 5 j control of removing cows from pasture. 1 6' Vegetation, you ccmpare picccuries per squarc meter to 7l a response level for a protective action guide. And it's a 3 similar type of measurement to the one for iodine in milk, only 93 the number for vegetation in picocuries per square meter is I 10 j 140,000, r Il d COMMISSIONER KENNEDY: 140,000? I2 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: That's correct, i 13 i CHAIRMAN HENDRIE: Picccuries per square meter? (..- I I4 h MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Picocuries per square meter. I ind46 15 i CCMMISSIONER AHEAENE: Thank you. 'l I6 r <i tr I6 19 ; I 1 20 I 21 ',i t! "9

- i;

== 4J

4 49 T Ner81 A tOOrTers, imC.

6,C 'l h ' 7 / )O [.O

MIMI/pv 40 I t i i i ll MR. HIGwINBOTEAM: You can see some slight increases 2 here in some of the measurements. The ground and aerial measure- , 4.. ments, some of the air samples, but no t in the TLDs. The aerial l 4 measurements, some of those we don't know because there were i i i f some small puff releases from time to time from various thingst t'a 6" they were doing en the plant, from the pressure relief valve and i 7l gas decay tanks chattering and that sort of thing. 8 We don't know precisely what caused those relatively q 9 elevated readings, but the one under " Air Sample," down around 10 April 16, is, va t.hink, the iodine level, and on April 17 was i 11 Il caused by the change-out of the filters in the auxiliary build-n'; ing. ] I, e (Slide.) (- l There is also a correction his slide. If you have p 0 a slide that says for the 17th and 18? .f you have a number ,d 16 M1 under " Milk," it's incorrect. It got duplicated under both tue d 3 a " Milk" column and the " Vegetation" column. And the " Milk" n 1 18 1 colu:' : should be deleted. It should read cnly under "Vegetatien," l 19 1 " 613 and 5 5 0. " 1 1 O; The increase -- you will see another increase down 21 :lunder " Ground Surveys" and "Aarial Surveys" cn April 27, last 1 Friday. And that occurred during the operation of natural 23 circulation cooling, and thet was from the 3 steam generator, and we noticed that shortly afterwards that it persisted, seme-

r E9dFf 31 Reoorters. Inc.

C thing on the order of an hour or two.

Those were beta gamma ana \\ tb L [Y'

i 41 l t i 1 measurements, and we took iodine samples. We did not detect any i 2 ll iodine as a result of that. 1'; 2 MR. GCSSICK: Leo, how about. the 32. A; - 1 30? i 4 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: 32. There are other -- the numbers i 5' that I have here do not really say that a sample wasn't taken. i d 6' What it means is that there are less than MDA, and I just didn't 7, put them in. I 8' COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: These are sigma fluctuations? o 9, MR. HIGGISBOTHAM: That's right. So, the 32, I for-1 10 l get exactly where that was taken or who did make the measurement. i,l 40 or 41. 11 ' But it was comparable, again, with some of the 42 too, we haven't fully checked out. 3,, Some of the numbers, 12 13 a We do know that some of the measurements were taken (_ H 14 L af ter we looked into them. We found that they had made mistakes 15, of one sort or another, and their numbers were actually incor-0 16

rect, i

U The 32, I don't knew free whose sample that is. il d 18 h (5Lida.1 .l 19 1 m"e next slide is a general summary of the total num-1, 20, her of samples, and these are approximate numbers, of the total i 1 21 ' samples that have been collected and analyzed to date by the

i 22 State, by the people --

the licensee, NRC, DCE, EPA, FDA, HEW, 23 and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. 160 offsite water samples which were analyzed by T 2 CW E9Cef al A H3OrTert, t ric. 25 NRC, DCE, EPA, and Pennsylvania showed no detectable le ve '.s of 37e qOE IJO LOJ

i 42 ' I radiciodine. The 520 air samples that have been taken by either; i 2[ EPA, NRC, DOE, the licensee, or Pennsylvania, were collected at 2 distances out to 40 miles, and several of these samples we saw 4 in the lact slide showed concentrated detectable concentration 1 5. of iodine in the range of 10-13 to below 10-10 microcuries of I

I 6 ". CC, the highest thing, a sample taken on the Island during April i

7j 16. I 8' The 315 samples of milk were taken and analyzed by the i 9] State, EPA, DCE, and the FDA. And the results that we saw range iq from minimum detectable activities to a few picocuries per liter 10 b 11 I un to 41 picocuries per liter. i 12, Cc:cISSIONER AEIAR':E : Are these a variety of farms? 13 ! MR. HIGGIN3CTEAM: I don' t know the exact number, but ( l 14 l it's not the same farms. 20 or more. Normally, the State was I 15 ? trying to take theirs in a downwind direction. . I, 16 The vegetation samples have been collected and analyzed 4 17 d by EPA, the DOE, NRC, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. They were 0 la j taken. generally from varicus sites within five miles of the plant. I 1 19 14 grass samples. Those that we saw cn the slide, which shewed 20 high level, were taken between the period frcm April 12 to the t i 21 j 30, an d they range from 40 to 730 picocuries per liter scuared. t 22 1 I responded a while ago that the protective action 22, guide for removi-7 animals from pasture is 12,000. l A 6 "4 COMM1 _ vNER AHEARNE: Most of the cattle in that a cerai Aeoornri. me. j 25 ' area were on stored feed, anyway? i36 286

i 43 1l MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: Yes, sir, that's correct. They 2 li were outside for snort times during the day for exercise, usually 2 within fenced areas. t 4 approximately 220 samples of soil were taken, and none l 5f showed any detectable radioicdine, and all the agencies totally 6, processed about 850 TLDs. 7 We also, as a fur;her measure of evaluating *he 3 significance and healtn implications of radiciodine releases, we, l 93 working with the State of Pennsylvania, advertised in a local 10 cacer, and we counted 721 people over a period of several days e II I in whole-body counts, l. II i! COMMISSIONER KENNEDY: These were all volunteer 3? il 13 :1 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir, these were all volunteers. k U 14 f! CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Did you allow anybody who .i l 15i wanted to to take them? 16 MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: We publicized for people within a 17 j three-mile radius of this 9 sr.t. And, as I said, we had 721 3 II I8 recole. It lasted for -- which we will have a slide on here -- 10 i COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: What we.s the reason for the I en ' three-mile cutoff? i 'l ii MR. HIGGINECTHAM: We felt if there had been any H e,' 1 significant releases elsewhere, it would show up within the i ,3 three-mile radius. If we had had any positive indications frcm 4 i 9 4 people within that 721, we would have probably extended i '^ T I cefal ReDCriers, Inc. t

C further out, but we did not.

And nes the end of the time, we i ani l30 LO.

4a ' Interest kind of waned after a period of time, and 1 advertised. l 2 h near the end of the time we cublicized it and told people that 2' we were going to cut it off, we weren't getting too many people, 4 you know, after the first several days. i 1 Si But I do understand, in the first few days of counting, 1 i 1 6" people were showing up, you know, they were keeping their i I 7 appointments. They made appointments to be there, and they were 8' keeping 11.M - pointments. They were very interested. 9] CO:siSSIONER AHEARNE: How long did it ta'<e to go i 10 through? i lI l MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: I think they counted something on 12 the order of an hour to get the right sensitivity. 3o 13 o (Slide.) k 9 14 ll The next slide is a summary, as I promised, showing a 1 15 ] some of the results of the aerial measurements. And this is 16 just a little picture at about March 30, when the aerial surveys a 17 started running at a constant flight pattern so they have scme II .I L 13 reference and.can 1.cck at tr=" A. 19 This particular pattern was out at a distance of about 1 20 one mile at about a 500-foot altitude. This shows the radiation 21 levels in milliroentgens per hour that th ev. measured at the a 'l 22, varicus dates, and the pattern. We looked at some other trends: n 23 " onsite measurements and offsite survey measurements. A.d, of i encv7 2d course, it followed the same trend: a little decrease.

n-Fecerai Heooriees, Inc.

25 ' 136 283

45 l llI

R 4529 i

-h IIMI 'l

-8&E mtel i

i l (Slide. ) I i n i 1 2l This summarizes whole body counting, 721 individuals 3 in a three-mile radius between the period of April the 10th to 4 ' April the 18th. t i 5 :l (Slide.) a 6 The next slide -- and this slide, I was not able to j 7 ] reproduce this for either you or -- it just shows you on the I l 3 i map the general locations of direct radiation and iodine air sampling locations. And the ground survey crews, when they .I 10 ' would run their vehicle, generally ran along those roads, along i Il that pattern, both sides of the river north and south of the l 12 l plant, I3 ' CCri!SSIONER AHEARNE: Now, on that pattern can you Il show where the predcminant direction of plume is? 15 MR. HIGGINECTHAM: I can show you on a little later M slide that was put together for a different p urp o s e. 7-CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: What I was interested in is 13 the relationship of the plume with respect to where the sample 1 :' was taken. MR. HIGGIN30 THAM: The plume when? Now, the plume II was all over the place. 22 COMMISSIONER AEEARNE: 360 degrees? ~2 MR. HIGGINECTEAM: Yes, sir. CCMMISS!CNER AHEARNE: There wasn't a dominant sector? m.C o-e r y Qt X ' *t's l"C, MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: There may have been. But again, n O C) i \\bD L O

e 2' O

46 l; 1h,,IthinkwithalaterslideI'llbeableto-- h 2i COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Will the other slide have the f 2 air sampling locations on it? n i ~ 4, MR. HIGGINBOTEAM: No, sir, but it's the same map. i i 1 5g CCMMISSIONER:AHEARNE: All I'm trying to ask you is, i I6 'l did the plume spread substantially beyond where your samolinc i 1 I 7: locations are? I i i a ;, MR. HIGGINBCTEAM: Yes, sir. This is iodine air oj sampling locations close in. We wanted to get it as close as 1 1 10 " we could so we would see it. Farther out, it would have been 9 11l =cre dispersed. We would have had to take a longer sampling. i 12 ] COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: These are ground measurements? .I 13 4 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes. l \\ - 4: I, 14 COMMISSIONER KENNEDY: Up to 20 miles? I 'l 15 ! COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: These are just where the black i 16 ' dots are.

7 COMMISSIONER KENNEDY

All where the black dcts are. 'C What's at the circle? 1? MR. HIGGINBCTEAM: Let's take a lock at the next slide. '1 (Slide.) ^2 This is the TLD locations that were put cut by the various agencies. The NRC -- as the legend seys, the NRC is 't the little red circles. Met Ed' are the little triancles w..,,.... i,,c S Now, what is not shown on there is 230 cr so stations at the i ann \\O lJ

47 e 3 V

i 9 Il 1 I I 1i HEN -- FDA of HEW put out, and they were placed in relatively ll m concentric rincs out to a distance of about 20 miles. But j ,p there are 250 additional stations in place now. l a i COMMISSIONER KENNEDY: They run out to that outer i 4 a, i l circle? 3 'I i 'i MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir. 6, i a i / CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: So they had the majority cf 7 I I the TLD stations? l 8, i MR. HIGGINBCTFJ31: Yes, sir. EPA's is in there. g i EPA also had at their location, their TLD locations, they had 10 ' air sampling. They had air samples, not at all of them, I l 3) li don't think, but at the majority of them. They also had some J direct reading gamma stations at their TLD stations. They had ue ( 9 a multi-monitoring station. 3, n 1 CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: I guess mv cuestion would be, 15 i did yet -- these are all the types of detectors we have oc go g out -- r I J MR. HIGGINECTEAM: And remove them and replace them. 1R i COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Have you essentially done that p, kind of 6 cycle on these? .U MR. HIGGINECTHAM: No, sir. For us we have. We _1 were changing, at one of the TLDs we peinted out, at our station we were changing daily. COMMISSICNER AHEARNE: So at least for the NRC ,w....... im stations here, you have gone through that kind of a cycle? .s ' C) -, f \\bo Li'

48 8

e 4.

i h i n 1 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: That's correct. I, COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Did vou run into any cases 1 2 i 3 where you found, after having done that kind of replacement, that there was an indication of a high enough reading thau you l l l would have wanted to have been able to make other measurements l 3,i '!6' at that scot? i MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: No, I don't think so. We were 7 a g1 making, at each of our TLD stations, which were the daily l 4 1 1 .' changeout, we were taking instrument surveys and recording those QI i io ' at the same time that we chang < the TLD. ,i ii j COMMISSIONEF MiEARNE : Instrument surveys meaning? MR. EIGGINBOTHAM: Meaning we were taking direct t radiat n readings, you know, single point in time for a few y, b seconds. i 1,. 33 COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: But not in the iodine? 16 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: No, not at all stations, no. We were sampling generally in the downwind direction frc= the 1 ,e plant, fairly close in, within a few hundred yards of the n building. -c COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: I guesc w11at 7'm trying to .u 1 understand is, in vour measurements for iodine.vou really scrt of were bounding the river on both sides. MR. HI~GINSOTHAM: That was only ours, now. We were working close in, and EPA and others were sampling further ..,,w..<,..., is

s out.

\\bD

49

e c.

t i l j i l COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Iodine? j MR. HIGGIN3OTHAM: Yes, sir. ,F, 3 COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: When did the FOA emplace their stations? 3 l MR. HIGGIN30"'5AM : ' ;-hink it was around the 30th or ao d 31st, Friday or Saturday. 6 t COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: And to what extent were these' 7, i i clacenents coordinated by the various agencies? e, a 9,li MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: I don't know that they were. At o 'l 10 I least we didn't. It so happens that nobody else was hanging d n 11 d theirs where we were hanging ours. 'l . _ 'l c m. m..r..e.e 7 0 'm._.o v r "... *. n. v_ - .e..v. - a - '. ~..%.*. ' -.... a m e ' _' _ t'_.. 4A g,

l y

you e=placed them in ways so they wouldn't be duplicated. ( MR. HIGGINBOTENM: Sampling I'm talking about, not y j a i3, TLDs. Sur generally, if you look at the pattern -- and of g course, with this fairly large-scale map, it shows them all clumped up together. Of course they are not. But the pattern l is not all that bad. .n 10 We tried to operate curs fairly close in. FDA's was further cut. Of course, in placing ours, we did duplicate sc=e of the licensee's. But we wanted an independent measure-1 ment of our own. And if we did happen to duplicate somebcd'. else's for that reason, because we wanted cn independent ,7 measurement. But it is really not all that bad in duplicatien. ..t. ..,w.,..., i-c. 3 Let's lock at the next one 10~ 4 7\\3o/ LiJ

50 .e6 il I h J i i i t (Slide.) 2 This is just a representation of the plume path and 3 measurement made on March 30. The red, as it'*s marked, is one i 4 i made in the evening, and the black one was made around noon. .t 5, But that's typical of the type of pattern that we could draw 1 6 '1 for any of the earlier surveys that were made. i 7; (Slide.) l t 3 And the next slide -- and this is the one that I 9l promised you might show you something about the wind patterns. i,

I 10, This is an estimate made by DOE of the external exposure ove -

l, i 11 the period of the first week. What it also shows you is the -- generally, the 12, d integrated plume or wind paa--

or that week.

( 14 g COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Can you go through how they l a 15 calculated that? 16 MR. HIGGINECTHAM: No, sir. COMMISSICNER KENNEDY: Isn't that what Livermore does? 18 MR. HIGGINECTHAM: I don't know. I think it was

c Livermore did do part of this, yes.

0,

COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: I guess I have a little i 21 difficulty with -- at least trying to make an estimate of what kind of impression I should have of this if I'm noe really sure how they did it. 24 MR. HIGGIN30TFAM: Of what? Cf the dose? fe .e,

4. x t ren Inc.
5 CCM'4ISSIONER AEEARNE

Could you just talk rhrough n O t' i 30 L/r

.e 7 51 I how they calculated it? Were they using their AMS measurements? 2 MR. HIGGINECTEAM: I'm sorry. I didn't know. I i i 3' thought you wanted the mathematics, and I wasn't prepared to 4 give you that. 5 No, this was accumulated data used from the aerial 6' survey measurements and a combination of TLD measurements which 7 were available from others. l t 8 COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Intecratinc all of the instru-I 9, mentation, yours, theirs, FDA's, everybody's? i 10 ! MR. HIGGINBCTHAM: I think O.rimarilv it was O.robably i I 1 11 I made from plume measurements and from TLD measurements. But 12 ! I know they icoked at data frcm other a~encies,.ves. v t 1, 1 tne n..,.C plume C vc...,. S,. C...,ar a e nr nRa. : Then using m s l ro eu.s. r \\ i i 14 : model -- i l l 15 i MR. HIGGINBCTEAM: Correct. This was made from i 16 actual measurements. They did have ARAC there. ARAC did !l 17 p their meteorology for them. But yes, it was a ccabination of 18 t d'"

-^-

sseJIe.ral d 4 ##erer.t. scurces. I 1 l9 : COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Now, did we do any type of a i 20 similar calculation that would lead you to believe that thi. 21 is correct, accurate to within 10 percent, 100 percent? I 22 i MR. HIGGINECTEAM: There have b(en similar measure-I I 22 ments made and with other measurements cf the staff, some of i

4 wnich are sitting back here.

I think they have published a 3 Eedef86 ReDorters. Inc. ' 25;! draft repcrt and are updating that now, updating that reper 1 l Ohk d \\,D 0 l ' f

e 8.

52 now. ) CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Is the answer, then, that yes, 2 this is about right? 3, MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: I'm not really sure if they have s seen this particular alide. They may have seen -- Would you 5 he able to comment on that, whether cr not you would have -- 6 1 COMIIISSIONER AHEARNE: Would vou agree with it, is 7 mv cuestion? 8l MR. PETER 5EN: Not in terms of the 50 MR dose curves. 9 i 10 ! We know very close to the clant -- ves, in terms of the 50 MR, 11 l we did have a dosimeter, the licensee had a dosimeter as part i 12 cf his =cnitoring program between the plant site and this .i j3 1 north gate locttion where the 70 MR per hour was seen. That 1 \\_ i I is *hc dosimeter that we are usinc for the 14, 80 millirem total r I 15 f dese, the 85 millirem total dose. 16 i The other thing, the licensee, to my knowledge, had 7 19 locations, 7 of which are apprcximately on site, not 77. 4 I wo"'A h ~c cla.rify that or ctherw u recuest that I&E

i..o,

I .4 19 :l provide the data to us for the other 60 sites.

l a

20 (Laughter.) MR. PETERSEN: The other thing now, the 50 millirem 21 curve is consistent with the TLD locations that were on both 22

3lsidesofthebank.

The highest numhers there, as I said, were .'lfor actually an on-site site of 30, and 50 would be consistent L ee M Esceral ReDorters, Inc. ,e i. with that. ~ .i N O b 9N bu i

.e 9, l 53 There were, however, on the very nearby islands, most 1 I of which were uninhabited, some TLDs that did read as high as 2l,l 1,000 milliroentgens. In terms of the sensitivity of the TLDs, we have had 4 samples of all the TLDs used by every federal agency around l 5: Three Mile Island flown to the National Bureau of Standards and : 6 l i ! exposed to a known source of Xenon 133, which is the principal i 7 I isotope that was detected off site. The readines on those for 8 i9' the gamma sensitivity of the TLDs is between 80 and 134 percent I I 10 of the actual dose, so that they're either 20 percent below or 11 l 30 percent high. 4 1 12 { And I was concerned about the low response to this i 13; low-energy 80 KEV gamma. So we have fairly good faith that the i t! a 14 l dosimeters that we are looking at had a good sensitivity for l 13 gamma. Unfortunately, we also exposed some to -- placed in a i 16 glass sphere with Xenon 133, but the NES has not been able to 1-figure cut what the results mean yet. So we don't know what i 13 l the heta sensitivity is. 4 ( 19, The 15 millirem total dose for at least the first 20 week does lcok reasonable in terms.of what we have. We estimate i 21 l that a maximum individual living at north gate, just beyond the e, ' north gren o ; on the easterly. cart of the bank, the numbers ', that are relativelv the same, would be less cuan 90 millirem, e, 24 well within Part 20 limits for normal operation. i _1Jederst A eco,Ters, Inc. i 25 COMMISSIONER AHLARNE: You are saying, as far as the l u J d i7/ 9Q} ? lJD L/o 4

e 10 l 54 j l i ,l curve for 50, that looks reasonable? 2 MR. PETERSON: For off-site locations, yes. I i 3l COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: How about the others? l t i 4i MR. PETERSEN: We don't have, on the basis of TLDs, i I Si we don't have the capability of drawing contours. That's I t i 6 approximately right in terms of population dose. We estimate l 7 there are between 2,000 and I'll say 4,000 man-rem total dose 8, to everybody within 50 miles of the plant for the first week. i '/ i CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: What is the Part 20 limit? i 10 l MR. PETERSEN: It's 500 millirem off-site. But of 11 course, Appendix I governs for reactors, and it's 5 millirem l 12 ! per year per reactor unit. 1 I 13 COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: What is the relevance of the i (- 14 relationship of these numbers to the Part 20 linit? 15 l MR. PETERSEN: Those are the upper limits, based on i 16 ! health rather than design objectives, based on what a reactor i 1 17' can do in terms of technology. These are -- the numbers that i !B I would be consistent with the existuc tedara.1 c"" 4,va wcuL1 19, he 500 or a third of that, 170. In either case, we're well i 20 ! within that. CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Per year? 21 22 MR. FETERSEN: Per year. 23 ! COMMISSICNER GILINSKY: Say again? You said that on 24 y one of those sparsely populated, uninhabited islands there were a.eer i neoon.n. inc. ] 25 some TLDs. What was the high reading?

C 0 i

1 7 e i I30 Lla 1 i l

e 11 ao f

1 MR. PETERSEN: The high reading -- I believe there 2 were three TLDs. Two of them read around 900, one read 450 3 milliroentgens. So that the average would be about 900 -- 600. 4 That was close in and there was nobody on the island, to our i 5; knowledge, anyway. We have asked people to check that out i i 6 several times and they have confirmed that nobody was there. 7' CCMMISSIONER BRADFORD: On which island? i g MR. PETERSEN: It's Core Island. l 9l The dosimeter, as we understand it, is just about the i 10 limit of the 2,000-foot exclusion distance that's around the 11 plant. i 12 ; Cne other thing. The maximum dose that ccrresponfs I i 13 - to the milk concentration c: lodine ve have estimated as L 14 approximately 5 millirem, which means they didn't even exceed -8 15 l their normal design objectives for normal operation. 16 CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: What would ha /o been the i l 17 '. consecuence of their having exceeded the Part 20 limit? I vo or*rRSEN: The Par:t 20 limit, sir, is for normal is :l Up ' operation. They would have had to shut down. But since this t i 20 i was an accident, that's not applicable. The limit for e=ergency 21, action in cases for external exposure for something like l i 22 ' evacuation that has been proposed by EPA is 1,000 to 5,000 1 23 ! milli-R projected dose total. So we're ordered of magnitude 1 24 ; below that, wee.r, aew srs. inc. 25, CHAIRMAN HENDRIE: Cther questions? u 4 136 299 as I

e 12 56 I

(No response.) 2 I think we have gotten to the end of your slides, i i 3 haven't we, Leo? 4 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: No, sir, I have a few more here, i 5! four more. 6 CHAlRMAN HENDRIE: Let's try to move expeditiousiY. l 7ll (slide,) 8! MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: The next four slides then show l l 91 scme of the on-site and in-plant -- characterize some of the l 10 l on-site and in-clant measurements that i were made. Again we try Il to pick out the maximum. This is on March 28-29. i 12 l (Slide.) i I3 l The next one shows, over the period of a few days 1 \\ l i 14 more, some of the higher levels that were measured. Generally, 15 l these were at the site boundary. 16 COMMISSICMER AHEARNE: These are assentially che high i, ;i mcasurements? I 13 I' ?G. ETGGINECTHAM: Right, on-site on the Island. I9 : COMMISSIONER KENNEDY: What's the relationship between 1 20, the north gate and the north parking lot, the gate beyond it? 'l MR. HIGGINECTHAM: Yes. t 4'2 ' COMMISSICNER KENNEDY: What accounts for that, the 23 ' f act that the high reading is farther out? '4 t MR. HIGGINECTHAM: It could have been from the plcre. aJ,cerW Recomn, Inc. ^5 ' The north parking lot might have been here and the plume out i ~ 136 300 1

e 13 l

57 I i 1 here, and the north gate is out here. It's just the location. 2 (S lide. ) i 3i The next slide is just to show you some of the levels 4 that existed prior to and after the at.'ident, and these are in 5i the auxiliary buildings. It points out -- this slide is shown I l 61 in milliroentgens per hour, and this is a 328-foot level in 7 these two auxiliary buildings. l 8 CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: How were these measured? 9 MR. HIGGINBOTEAM: These were measured with portable i 10 j survey instruments. i 11 I CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Did you go into the building? i i 12 ' MR. HIGGINBOTEAM: Installed instruments. 13 CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Which read out somewhere else? (_ 14 MR. HIGGINBOTEAM: No. There are some instruments 15 installed which do read out in other places, buu these for the 16 l most part were taken with hand-held survey instruments. 1i 17' Ncw, there are some readings on here and on the next is ' chart that we're not exactly sure at this time how they were i 19.' made, and there were some blank spcts in there where we' re i 20, mis si:.g. 21 (Slide.) i 22 i This chart, the readings are given in roentgens per i 23 hour, and it is in Unit 2 auxiliary building at 2Sl-fcc

level, 24 ;l and it shows some of the trends.

And these levels exist ce.sw.,.i m econ.,s. i nc. ' 25 essentially there. There hasn't been too much -- there's been / 7 1 O d

e 14 58 i

s 1 some increase, but not too much. 2j (Slide.) 3 The last chart I would like to show -- 4 4I COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: What are the readings in the l 1 5; other buildings, the other auxiliary buildings? I i I 6: MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: I don't know. 4 7; COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: In Unit l? I l 8 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: I don't have information on that 9 with me. l 10 i MR. SNIEZEK: The turbine buildinc is around a I l 11 l tenth of a millirem per hour, the readings in the turbine t 12 ! building. Unit 1 would be lower than that; about a tenth of a i 13 ! millirem cer hour. ( I i 14 I COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: The Unit 1 building seemed l 15 ' to have some elevated readings at one point. 16 l MR. SNIEZEK: I'm not aware of what it was in the i '7 ; Unit 1 auxiliary building. i 13 i CCMMISSIONER AMEARNE: Whv did the bleed tank gc ce? i 19 CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY Would you find out what those a 20 q numbers were, please? 21 MR. HIGGINECTEAM: In Unit l? Yes, sir. That's in 22 ! the auxiliary building? 23 COMMISSIONER GILINSKY: Right. 24 I MR. HIGGINECTEAM: The last -- the next two sl' des ceaecerai aeooners. inc. 25 d here show the radiation exposures accumulated by licensee 1 17/ 7R7 1 lJD Juu

e 15 59 1 contractor personnel and by our own people. 2 (Slide.) 3 This one is a licensee contractor. Three in the 4 range of greater than 3,000 millirem were the three over-5 exposures that were reported fairly early, as a result of them i 6, taking the primary coolant sample. I 7 (Slide. ) 1 i 6 8i COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Wasn't there a cuv who took 9, the original -- went down to the containment to get a sample? 10 MR. HIGGIN3OTHAM: Those three are the only over-r 11 exposures reported. i 12 i COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Do you know whether that i n 13 h includes that individual? ( t I 14 i MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: Yes, it does. 15 j COMMISSIONER AHEA* tie: It does. e d 16 i MR. HIGGIN30 TEAM: This cne shows the dose ranges i l 17 j for our pecple, and the two in the range of greater than 751 =ill 4 ert, we undarsta:ui they are investigating new. We under-13 '; I 19 ; stand that may be an exposure through the badge only. We're l l not really sure at this time. 20, 21 (Slide.) 22 The last slide I will show you is a summary of the 23 i environmental monitoring program that the various agencies have 24 y agreed to conduct through the recovery and cleanup phase for asJederal Aeponers, Inc. J 23 ' the Tkree Mile Island plant. This may change a little bit i36 303

.e 16-I 60 i 1 later, but this is generally what they have agreed to. i 2l The DOE aerial survey team will stay on standby if 3; we need them, and the licensee carries on his normal program i 4, as he has been since the beginning, conducted at increased i l I I 5; frequency. 6l COMMISSIONER BRADFORD: The worker exposures were in l 7l whole-body gamma doses? I I i s' MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes. i ll 9 4 COMMISSIONER BRADFORD: Is that what our standard is, i 10 also? 11 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir, that's correct. i l 12 ' COMMISSIONER BRADFORD: Could you just take a minute ( i3 l on those licensee contractors? You essentially have got half i i i 14 l a docen people, five who have got above a thousand. 15 i (Slide.) i 16 I COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Could you say again some of 17, those? Are you saying all of them were taking -- i i la a MR. HIGGINBCSAM: ' ones' that were overexrosed ~ l 19 occurred -- the one in the range of greater than 3,000 rer -- q

ll 20 that's on our 3-rem recorder -- occurred during taking of 21 i samples.

The other ones are within the range -- within the i 22 i NRC limits. Those three have been the only three reported 23 overexposures, overexposures meaning they did exceed our i i ,4, limits. 4

e-Foceral Reportert Inc.

25 COMMISSIONER AHEARNZ: Ncw, there were some I i !l 1 136 304

.e 17 61 1 calculations or reports at some time of the total man-rem or 2l person-rem for the population. I 3 MR. HIGGINBOTHAM: Yes, sir. Mr. Petersen, I think. I 4l just spoke to thost. I think you gave them as what? S MR. PETERSEN : Yes, sir, 2 to 4,000 man-rem within 1 1 6 50 m'1.es. 1 I 7 CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: How did you do those calcu-lations? gj I 9, MR. PETERSEN : Those were calculated by extrapolating i 10 i the TLDs, the thermoluminescent dosimeters that were close to 11 the site, out to 50 miles. We believe that's a conservative i 12 estimate because of that. i ( 13}i CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: You took your readings what, I 14 i within three miles? i 15 MR. PETERSEN: The readings were basically -- there I l 16, were a couple. A couple went out to eight miles, so that there 1 17 was some estimate that far out. But the concentration of I I is dosimeters was close to the site. So what we did was extra-19 polate those out to sectors where the population was, and then 20 to multiply the average dose there, millirem doses. 21 COMMISSIONER ARE73NE: So you're taking a cluster of 22 TLDs, 10 or 15? 2J ' MR. PETERSEN: I think during the first day it would 24 j be scmething like 17, yes, the first two days before NRC --

. s oer. neoomn. inc. ]

25 !! CCMMISSIGNER AHEARNE: Were you averaging their

s s

136 305

e 18 62 1 reading? l 2l MR. PETERSEN: No, we were taking them in sectors. 1 I 3! We would extrapelate out in a given sector all the way cut to 4 50 miles, and then for each segment of that we take the i 5 population. i 6l CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: Then by " extrapolated out," are l 7 ! you saying you plotted it and then extrapolated the curve? a; MR. PETERSEN: ;We're in the process of doing both, 9, Commissioner Ahearne. We're plotting the slope where we have 10, twc stations, one on site c near site and one further away. I 11 ' We are also asr.uming a negative scaling and most of the early i i 12 h estimates a'.e based on a negative scaling, that the dose ,\\ ( 13 decreases with distance, as distance to the minus 1.5. And n o I 14, this ties in at least with known reactor plumes beyond the first' i 15 ' few feet, close-in distances. This is the way the cicud plumes t 16 : fall off. i 1 ...m.-,,_-__e..: ,.-u - r.u v. r.e.e., m-. r.q n _ urn.m. -r_.. ,,u w 2m 18 dese, what did ycu assc=e about the populatien? 19 ; MR. PETERSEN: We assumed everybcdy was there for

I 20 the 1980 projected census as given in the environmental -- for 21 the applicant's SAR.
I.

22 ? COMMISSICNER A'iEARNE: Did you assume any protection? l i 23 l MR. PETERSEN: No, these people Are all standing, 24 ? essentially, without clothes, for the beta skin dose calculations ..f.cer : a.m n.n.inc. 25 that we did, for the entire duration of the accident cut of q i .l 'l ~i '1 J U [U / } O

l

.e 19 l 63 I doors, which means they're probably very wet and have more of 1 I 2j a hazard, prcbably. from pneumonia than they do from radiation. i CCMMISSIONER AHEARNE: The TLD doesn't measure beta, 3! 4 right? 3 5 MR. PETERSEN: We don't know whether the TLDs measure j 6l beta or not, because the National Bureau of Standards can't telli us what the doses were. 7 j 8i COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: So when you're talking about l i 9j the beta dose -- i I jo l MR. PETERSEN: We're assuming it's Xenon 133 largely. I 11 j That seems to be the dominant isotope and that's the theoretical ! i i l 12 : calculation. The beta dose would be a factor of approximately I il - 13 IO ur - ja COMMISSIONER AREARNE: You' re using the TLD to get i i 15 j the gamma to beta? i l 16 ' MR. PETERSEN: Yes. Beta doesn't have a significant

contribution tc health consecuences.

I i i 18 ! COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: I noticed you're now talking l i 19 ' 2,000, 4,000. In scme earlier days we were being precise to i 20 1 like three significant figures. We've dropped off that? 21 MR. PEIERSEN: Let's say frcm the earlier days we've i 22 gotten a little more relaxed atmosphere and we're beginning 10 i 4 look at what the sensitivities -- and in the Chairman's 23 l! i 24 ' scheduled testimony for May 8, we have explicitly acknowledgc-2 Federal Aeoorters, Inc. 251 how the numbers have changed with time and what the overall l36 '>U/ i =

e 20 64 i

I ! total uncartainty might be, because we know the April 2 estimate 1 2[lwas 1800 and the number the Chairman gave to the Hart Committee 3 I on the 10th was 2500, and.we figured we better scuare those off for the public record right away. 4 l 5l COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: So thera really is an uncer-i 6-tainty? I 7! MR. PETERS EN: There is an uncertainty, yes, sir, i t a within that range. 1 9 COMMISSIONER AHEARNE: And your best estimate ncrmally, t 10 ; is 2,000, 4,000? r 11 MR. PETERSEM: Yes, sir. 12 CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY Could I take you back to 3 il 13 ; Part 20? What role do thase numbers play in our process? Are t i ~ 1 14 l we saying that it's acceptable to get up te 500 MR? 15 MR. PETERSEY. With the exception of nuclear reactors, 3U 16 yes, sir, those are your license limits. I 1'7 l COMMISSIC T:!R GILINSKY: For the,cublic? i i la MR. PETERSEN-For the public, yes, sir. 19, CCMMISSICNER GILINSKY: And it's half of what -- 4 I 20 CHAIRMAN HENDRIE: You get in groups of the public, 21 it's a factor of 370 MR. 22 'i MR. PETERSEN: Right. 23 CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: That's pretty close to the 24 point that EPA pro" ides as the level at which you have to star-

. r.cer.i Reacturi. inc.

25 taking protective action? 4 136 308

e 21 I

65 i, 1ll CHAIRMAN HENDRIE: A factor of 6 over a v. ear. 6 1 MR. PETERSEN : Yes. 2l 1 3 CCMMISSICNER GILINSKY: Eet's see. We're talking i 4'about 1,000 MR. I 5, MR. PETERSEN: That's correct, 1 to 5 rem. I 6l COMMISSICNER GILINSKY: It's a factor of I from the i 1 7l 500, isn't it? r I 8 '1 MR. PETERSEN: Yes, sir. 9] I should point out, for reactors, of course, the limit 4 10 is controlled by the technical specs -- specifications in i 11, Appendix I, which means your annual dose per unit is, at most, i i 12, 10 millires per reactor unit. 50 you're only talking -- i 'I ( 13 n CCMMISSIGNER GILINSKY: I know, but you referred back 14 to these limits, which made me wonder what role they play in i l 15 ; our process. 16 l MR. PETERSEN: Those are at the mcment, with the 17 ; exception of the Appendix I restrictions on reacters, these are i la the NRC limits for annual exposure of f-site of the population. Up CCMMISSICNER 3RADFORD: So any licensed facility 20, other than a reactor would be permitted that level of exposure? 21 MR. PETERSEN: Up until December of this year, when J 22 ! the EPA standards for the other uranium fuel cycle facilities 23 !! comes into effect, and that will then be 25 millirem per year, i -9 24 this fall. .+;m-se a momn. inz

25 30 J U- (/

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CR 4529 410 MIMI/av 66 i ~ I COMMISSIONER BRADFORD: How many facilities would we i oi' 2[, expect? How many were near that? 2I MR. PETERSEN: I am afraid I don't have that kind of 4 information. Very few, I think. I don' t think any f acility 5 that I have seen approaches anywhere near like 500 millirems I 1 6 to the public, come to think o f it. Certainly, reactors don't. 7i COMMISSIONER BRADFORD : I understand reactors don't. I 8 MR. KENNEKZ: Keep in ndnd the EPA PHEs are related to l a period of exposures of hours, not a year, so that the relevant 10 comparison might be some fraction of 500, typical days exposure II of 500, as a relativt measure of the significance of the numbers. l II ;l If you recall, one of the questions on or about April J (. I3 ! I was ever what ceriod of time what should integtate those num- 'A bers. I 15 ' CCMMISSIONER GILINSKY: That's true. l 16 l' MR. DAVIS: We have gone well over our time. We do have another subjecu that is separable frcm what we have talked l 6 < about. We can proceed with it if you would like, or we can 5 i delay it if you like. 20 l COMMISSIONER 3RADFORD: On the one that you were just i ,.'i ciscussing, do we know what the current levels of radiation in i 22 the containment.are? i 23 ' MR. DAVIS: In the inside containment? I don't believe 24 so. 3-F ectf 31 A fDorters, l r=C. SC 71fj MR. HIGGINEOTHAM-No. / l,30 J'

d e 67

h 1ll C'iAIRMAN HENDRIE:

Somebody does, but they're not the h H 2 right people. ,i i 3 I think we ought to turn to the other subjecr on the d morning agenda. There are a number of people here. We scheduled 1 6 5 a meeting that has some importance. 6 CCMMISSICNER KENNEDY: What was the other half? 7! MR. DAVIS: It was scme discussion on the intaragency i l3' radiological assictance plan, which is separable and which we f 9' can come back to, or we can continue if you prefer. 1 10 i C'uMMISSIONER KENNEDY : I am still waiting for that I l' II briefing. But I am perfectly prepared to delay it. .- ] CHAIRMAN HENDRIE: I think we ought to postpone the I3 ( second half of that so we can cet on with the second subject s n 14 'l this morning. .i h 15,1 CCMMISSICNER KENNEDY: I would like it scheduled, 'l 16 though, promptly. 17 i C C.,L b-S _a m..- -ar a ancnn.. vonn, t.w.ank you very muc... ,Zo u w r 1 I3 ' did quite admirably. An exceIIent jcb. t (Whereupon, at 11:45 a.m., the meeting was adjourned.) -n end#10 71 d a $. $.'I e e Fectf ai Aeoorters, lec. 7 / ~I $ 30 Ji' .x. _}}

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