ML19220B084

Rept of Neutron Quality Task Group Evaluating Paper by Dh Rossi Which Recommends Reduction in Allowable Occupational Neutron Exposure

ML19220B084
Person / Time
Site:	Crane
Issue date:	08/20/1976
From:	Brodsky A, Nehemias J, Zimmer G Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, NRC OFFICE OF STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT
To:
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ML14358A173	List: ML14358A172 ML19220B068 ML19220B070 ML19220B072 ML19220B074 ML19220B076 ML19220B078 ML19220B080 ML19220B082 ML19220B084 ML19220B086 ML19220B088
References
PP-760820, NUDOCS 7904250314
Download: ML19220B084 (22)

Text

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1 NEDTION QUALI"! FAC"OR TASI CZCC?

I Mr. Gle:

W. Zi==er, Chai:=as, SD Dr. A2.le 3 reds'cf, SD Dr. John Nehe=12s, N12 e

Dr. Wayna 1. Eacse=, W.SS i

Dr. S~nic o S. Taciv, 123 j

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Mr. Lc=oica. J. Cc- ' gha:2, II Mr. Icber: I. 3 der, Censul:22, SD Dr. J. Iastner, Censul:ast, SD e

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Review of NC72 recc==ecda:icas :s da:a 2.

Origis of curren: 'iRO ':2 4

I 3.

Pre ' ar/ Analysis of R:ssi's ?:esen:2:ica Ragarding :1.a Risks i

of Neu::ce Radia:ica Ixposure 1

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4 4.

A1:ar=a:17e ac:ic=s i

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?:a d a:7 741:e/*.: pac: Appraisal 6.

Recc=acda:1cs 1

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c. C,s.o w e..._..., A...-,. -.,

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~he principal rec =endatic=s of de NC7J vid regard to cau:::: axposures have been ec :21:ed 6:

NC72 Rapor: No. 20 (2andbcek 63), "? ::ac:1:c Agaics: Neu::en Radiaticu up :: 20 Milli = Ilec::: vol s", Nove=ber 22, 1957; NCl? Repor No. 38, "?:::actie: Ag'4-== Nau:::

."Ltdia: ice",

Janua:/ 4, 1971.

NCN2 Kapor No. 20, "able 2, pages 13 (Inclosure.\\), rec =acded partic-clar QF's (:ha: :a:=ad "?.2E) a=d ---

per=issible neu:::: fhxas for 30 MeV., 2:d ree::=acded a QF vaha of

'_C, if neut::= e=ergy ra=ges up ::

sufficie::17 de:2iled i=f :=2:ics : ceu:::= eter;;y is set availabla.

b UC?S layer: No. 38, able '., page 15 (Inclosurs 3), se:s of these QF's were ::di~iad s =acac, aldcush the ree- -ded rahe for si:va:1:ss i=volring c=k=cun e:ergias :=~ ed a: 10. O.ese are the c.. rest'NC22 rec:==enda:ie:s.

'Ji d ragard :o li=1:2 12:s :: whola body dese, NC22 :spresas:2:1res ::ck.

2dia: coun:e:7ar:s, is a caeci:g at Chall River vid : hair 3ri:ish and Cz part

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y Septa =he: 19/20, 1949. At tha: :eetiss, it was agreed to reduce the then existi=g whole body dose 11=1: of 0.1 r/ day by a fac::: ef abou: 2, and to express it as a weekly 11=1: of 0.3

/veek, which was re-affi:=ed by NC2? Report 17 (T.andbook $9), "?er d.ssible Cose 7::s ?.x:e:221 Scurces of Icciming Radia:1:n," Septa =ber :4, 1954. Ecvever, is an issert to accc=pany Handbeck 59, dated Ja=uary 3, 1957, a:d

,1= Addendus dated April 15, 1953, the SC2? is:::duced :he :cceep: of 11:1:1:3 cu=ula:ive career dose, is effec: a'd4: en aversga a==ual dese, se: at 5 re=s/ year. This is the curren: NC2? recec=acda:1:cs, reaffir=ed i.a '.iC?,? Rapo:: '.Io. 3 9,

"2asic Radia:1:n ?:: ectics C:1: aria", Janua:f 15, 1971.

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'73-130

Inclosura "A" Table'2.

F'*--

per_-.issible neutren flu:

Ti=e-average fium for 40-hou: reek :o deliver ei:her ICC c: 3C0 _.re=s.

' Jeu::en R3Z 100 ::e=s 3C0 =re=s e=ergy

-2 1

Hev n c=

sac 2 c=

see Ther=a1.................

3 670 2,CCO 0.001...................

2 SCO 1,5C0

.C05...................

2.5 570 1,700

.02....................

5 280 350

.1.....................

8 30 15 0

.5.....,.7.............

10 30 90 55 1.0.....................

10.5 is 2.5.....................

3 20 60 5.0.....................

7 13 35 7.5.....................

7 17 50 10.......................

6.5 17 50 10 c c 2 0...................................

^10

• 20 aSuggestad 11:1:.

4 f**$

mm gU Le A 7'

wg -w=

1 Dic:.05U'3I "3"

?

--s LGLI 2-Mean quali:7 fac:ces, QF, and values of neu::en flux densi:7 r. chi-h, is a period of 40 hours4.62963e-4 days <br />0.0111 hours <br />6.613757e-5 weeks <br />1.522e-5 months <br />, results in a -*m-dose equivalant of i

ICO =res.

1 Neuc en F.sargy QF Neutren i

Flux ::ensit7 1

a 1 Ma7 c=

s

~

2.5 x 10~3 (tha:=al) 2, 680

_7 1 x 10 2

630 1 x 10 2

560 1 x 10'3 2

560 1 x 10 2

580 1 x 10'3 '

680 2

-2 j

1 x 10 2.5 7CO 1 x 10' 7.5 115

-1 5 x 10 11 27 1

11 19 I

2.5 9

20 15 8

s 5

/

3 7-7 17 3

e 10 6.5 17 i

14 7.5 12 20 3

11 l

40 7

10 s

I 60 5.5 11 1 x 10~

4 14 1

1 2 = 10' 3.5 13 2

3 x 10 3,3 1;

j 4 x 10-3.5 10 i.

5'.axi=== va'.ne of QF 1: a 30-c= phantes.

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• he principal provisions of :he C:- ' sica's radia:1:s procac:1cn regula: ices are ec=:ained is 10 CTR Part 20, " Standards f:e ?:ocec:ic Ag*'-*: Radia:ica".

9

':ha Cc ' asics imple=es:ed the rec==enda: ices in NC?.? Rep :: 17 (Easd-book 59) an.1 NCl? Repor: 20 (?.a=dbook 53) by 1:cludi: c:cactly :he YC7J values for QF and seu:::= flus in 120.'(d), see Inclosure "C".

and inco;;cra:ing the new NC?J whole Scdy dose recc=:enda:i: s in 120.101 (a) and (b), see Incl =sure b", bo:h ;cblished is ef f ec:ive f::= cu Sep:e:ber 9, 1960. ne regula: ices have sec.been a= ended to inco pora:a the en :en:

NC7J seu:::c flux values published in NC7J Iepor: No. 33.

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Nu=her of Average eu::: s per flux to square ce:-

deliver 100

1=4 a:

i es is Neu:::= e:ergy O'.av) equivale=

40 hcurs to. a icse of 1 (ne,u::: s/

res,) (neu::: s/

== per sec) cs' i

6 S er=a1.......................

970 x 10 670 6

0.CC01........................

720 x 10 SCO i

6 0.005.........................

320 x 10 570 6

0.02..........................

400 x 10 230 f

6 0.1...........................

120 x 10 30 6

l 0.5...........................

43 x 10 30 6

1.0...........................

26 x 10 13 6

2.5...........................

29 x 10 20

,1 6

5.0...........................

26 x 10

. 13 3

I 6

7.5............................

24 x 10 17 j

c 10............................

24 x 10*

17 10 to 30......................

14 x 10 10 1

3 1

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a n.iCLe s,u., c. >w.

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120.101 Exposure of ind*viduals :o radiatic: 1: restrie:ed areas.

(a) 7.xcep: as p;cvided fa paragraph Cs) cf this sectic=, :o licensee s' hall pcssess, use, or ::assfer licensed ca:erial is such a -' er as

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to cause any individual is a rest:10:ed area :s receive is any period of ces calendar quarter f:c: radicac:1ve =atarial and oths: scurces of radiatice in the 11:2:see's possessic: a dese is c::sss of :he ':s 1

specified in the foll:ving :able:

s

• da=s per calendar quar:e:

• hole body; head a

  d ::: k; active biced-fo=ing c:gans; le=s of 1.

eyes ; o r g:: ads........................... 1' 1/ 4 2.

Hands and f = rear =s ; f set and a=iles......... 13-3 /4 3.

Ski: of whole body,......................... 7-1/2 l

(b) A licensas say per=1: as individual is a rest:1::ed area to 4

M receive a dose :o the whole bcdy s: eater :h:2 that per:1::ed =de:

paragraph. (.a) of ~~'e see:i :, previdad:

I (1) Ouring any cale:dar quarte: :he dese :o :he whole bcdy f::s radicac:1ie =a:erial a=d ether sources Of radia:1:= in the li:ensee's pcssessics shall zo: es: sed 3 re=s; and (2)

• 'he d cs e :: :he wh:le hedy; te: added :: :he ac:::ulated Oce pa:ic:ai dese :o :he whole bcdy, sh:11 te: ex:eed 3 Ci-13) :t=s I ~ * (g a ' ~135

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Where "N" equals de individual's age in years at his las: birthday; and (3) S e licensee has de:e d ed the 1:dividual's accmula:ed cccupatic:a1 dese to de whole body c: To:= AIC l*,

or c= a clear and legible recere cca:aising all the inic :stic: :equired is that form; cd has othe: cise ec=pplied wi:h the require:e::s of 120.102. As used is paragraph (b), "Cose :o :he enole bcdy" shall be dee:ed to include as7 dcse :s the whole bcdy, genads, ac:ive bicedfor=ing c:;2:s, head and

k, c less of eye.

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,73-7gg

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I PRU.DCNARY ANALYSIS OF RC55!' $ ??ESriTATION 1

i RICARDINC 2 RISKS CF E _f.C:t ?r: Anc:t Ec?cs RI j

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i Dr. Rossi shcus in his paper ('~) a:d 1: bis :alk that de incidence of laukasia in 21::shi== appears to be lisea: vid dose to bene = art:v (as ncv re-calcula:ed as desc thed is asadan paper by Jones (*~)) and 5

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of the incidence of lauka=ia a: Ei::shi=a c2= be ace us:ed for

=cs:

by :he higher bici:gi ef fec:1vecess of de sent::: er;csure c:=peten:.

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C the c:her ha:d, he pois:s cu: da: de (excess) lauka ias 1: Tagasaki l

l vere al=cs: entirely due :o 32==a radia: ice, ri h a segligible ceut:ce c==peces. A par:1 ula: se -parasa::i: s:2:is:1:21 analysis published by K411erer and Rcssi shows (acec:lisz := kssi) cha: de 1 cida:ce of leuke 12 in Nagasaki is =c s likely :o be a quadrati: rade: chas line.a:

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rela:iceship, :esul:ing pr'-'-ily f::= 32=== esposu:e.

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An'1:1-'4' av- #-etics of Ecssi's paper indicates tha: the resul:1:3 risk es '-s:as f:: neu:::: 1 adia:i: as based ce presen: =adeds of zeasuri cent::: espesc:a a:d le9 =

3* iscidence muld sc: be==ch N)Earald E. hssi, "~ha Ef fac:s of e-*

Ocsas of :::ising Radia:1 ::

yund2:an=21 31 physi:21 Charactaris:ics" presan:ad a: da joint assua.L eetics of de Esaid. physi:n Sccia:7/3. dia:10: Researd.

I Socie:y, San ?:ancisce, June 29, 1976.

( )!. D. Jcces, "?adia:1:n Issui: :s de Active 3cce Mz :v as ?:edic:ad by a Ma ded of CECID'5," Cak ?.idga Natic 21 L.fccra:: 7 14per: CE:rL-tf-5337, 1975.

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differe : tha: originally esti=atad 20 or =cre years ago whe :he cceupati:nal exposure 11:1:4 vere established, whe: proper cc ection is =ade f : the average dep:h.1: bone ca rev at which dose is defined.

This i=pressi is obtal ed f :s :he folleving cal:u12:1:ns. Accordi:g

s Rossi's own equa: ices gives is his prepris, but 2o: preses:ed i I

his verbal paper, the =eu::: a:d :==a-relatad leuka=1a incide. :e :stes ob:21:ed f :s the Hirosh1=a and TagasaM. da:a are fi::ad by Iqua:10:s (1) and (2), respectively:

-5 (1) 1 = 3 x 10 Dn o d

d where 1 is.he average - -her of le9a

• 2 cases per person-year,* and 3:

)

is i rads to :he bene za ::v calcula:sd as is the core reces: sophis:ica:ed cc=puter p cgras. 3)

('

ga==a radistics Rossi fi:s :he folieving

?c:

relaticsship :o :he da:2:

1 1

1 O. 3. Ier: and T. D. Joces, A Reasa17 sis of Lacke ia 03:a := 10:01:

3c=b Sur rivers 3ased en Is:i:2:es of Absc bed Ocse to 3cae Mar v (Heal:h ?hysics Civisics, Cak Ridge :Tational 'abors:c /, Cak Ridge,

I 37320), presen:ed at :he Wa=:7-Firs: An :a1 Y.eetics of the Heal h ?hysics Sociary, July 1,1976.

sThe ::1: cases per perse -year f = I is used to =can tha: the :cefficie:.:

-5 esses E d h dose.

~o c'3 26 -h c:21 4

(3 x 10 perse -y -rac) g su=be cf cases, R sculd be =ul:1;1ied by :he au=her of persens e=;esed, and by :he average au ber of years a: risk af:e ex:csure. Ts 05::12 the average incide: ce of cases /7 ear,1 veuld be =ul:iplied by the dese and :he popula:10 size.

1 1,

w

<d 139

-s e

1 = 1.3 x 10 3,

(2)

T where 3 is the ga=2 dose a: :he mean bcse ca....: depth in rads.

T If c e assu es a quali:y fae:c: ef 10 f=

ceu.::ss f:r occupa:10:al exposure, as assuced is the NC7J scands:ds da: are incorporated is 10 Cn 20 (the fc=e: Easdbeck 63 values), c e shoul.i use a f ac::: cf 3 x 10" (cases per perse -ren-year a: risk) as a risk fac:o is :he first equacies (1),

if D vers to be expressed i: re=, si ce the -isk is fined by the actual

.3 ebserred easts of leuke=ia. Thi.s fae:c: of 3 x 10

• is so: ve:f differe::

fren the cid fae: ors of 1 :o 2 x 10 /persen-re:-year (?H) * 'i) ' (5) ' (6) ' (7)

-6 f

af:e expecure da: we have used f er abcc: 10 yet:s, since the :ise in leukenia a: Eiroshd and Nagasaki was first published in Science in 1958.

~~ 1s 1

is partic.:larly ::ue since Icssi has used desa es:isa:es a: a bone =ar ev depch da: includes reces: cal:uia:1:ss of atte= 2:10: sheving da: the the average bene depd'is 1/4 of.h2:

dose a

=ca: de surface of de n

W

?H ceans de risk f ac:cr cus be cultiplied by de pcpulatics size exposed times de singis dose in re: times de " years-a:-risk" Over ti:h de ;ives disease =ay appear af:e: de exposures (and f=11:vi:3 the laten: ;eriod), in c: der to ebcai de :::a1 su=ber of cbserved cases =f laukasia (in excess ef :hese sa:urally cc uring).

(** )":he 31:1:g1:21 Iffacts =f A::=ic Radia:ic NAS-NIO S-:f lapc :s (1960)

(5)0:1:ed Na: ices scies:ifi: C:

4 :ee ce de Iff ec_s of A::=1c ?adia:10.

Repert. General Asse:bly,19d Sessics. supple an: No. 1; (A/ 331'.), p.25,1974 (6)Internatic:al Cc ' esica c: Radi:1:312:1 ?:o:ce:ic. Publica:10 14 Radiosessi:ivi:7 and Spa:121 Distribu:ica of Ocse, C f::d, ?erganc:

? ess,1969.

()O.e Ef f ec:s c: ?opula:i:ss of Expcsure to icv lavels of ! ising ladia:ics, 31:2 Report, NAS-NKO, (';c v. 1372).

C.. p.-

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G

body, and also about 1/4 of :he seu::: ker=a to a small.iole== of : issue is free cir. 'iid :his f ac:or of 4 is c:poratad

• .s the de=cuisator of :he risk. esti= ate obtal=ed f: s :he epidesiologic data,1: is no vc= der da the risk fac:c: in Equa:ics (1) is sc=ewhat higher das 1: used :o be.

The exact deriva:ics of Rossi's risk estica:es dus bears fu::her i=vecti-gati:n.

If we use the ga==a dcse a: 'iagasaki f :s :he highes: g: up ( tete :x:s:

a of de earlier cases ccen :ed), say abou: 100 rads, des de ga=ca risk veuld also ::=e cut censister.: vi:1 abcu: a 2 x 10 risk fact:'. appLiad 6

3 unde:.he "liceari:7" assu=; ics (vith a 3 instead of D' depende=ce).

A 1=al and.=lero-desi=etric da:a =27 shev tha: de neue=== respc= n is

=cre i'*"if li= ear and da: the g:

2 :ss;cese is pr:bab17 curv ear, a d tha: the c==clu:1: s are p::bably vel'.-f c=ded regarding the increase of 22E up to 100 c: ore as deses decrease :c abeu: 0.5 rad er belev for neu :: s.

Cr. :he oder hz=d, :his increasi g 23I at lever seu :: deses

..ay be due to a c:=parise of de cau::: risk vid de =uch :::e rapidly redue.d risk as gan=2 expcsures are levered, rade: -'" a risk o f eu:::

expos res higher da had prericusly been assu=ed. ~his is 2: ther questian da: sh uld be fu :her investi;a:ed and

's rified.

9 73 140 7

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j ALTJ{AT;'TF. AC IC!iS I

1.

Do orM g.

2 2.

'Jal: for IIC7J tc:1on :o dece. ise wha: ac:1on NRC should ska.

3.

Accep: seu a alysis and issue a 121e Change.

cew aca1 sis as ::: talid.

4.

Kejec:

7 a

i 3.

Publish a 'To:1ce of Cecsiderati: of Kule Cha:ge a d solici: ce=es:s.

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1 6.

!=1:ia:a a : hor ugh review, soliciti:3 ::=ents and discussion f:cs i

others in :ta scles:ific c:=u=.i:7 :s a :1re at a ralid decision, a:d recc= ended actics.

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'73' 14 1 4a

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...~1o.v. 7d'a "

J'.~.n Ab =

A.2 3.,m.e.

.ow

L*,er-LO n

t C _ c ^-

. ~.. _... _

..... s.

1.

This esti==:s uns ob::ined f::= the De==nst:stien Can:c s in 1:uisian:

and San Diege, Calif::nia. Each c. c es:i= :cd 1C0-3C0 individuals y

receiving nesa t :n c=posure f::= Cf **.

"'har e f o r e, the =edi:n esti=s:.s

.f:== e:ch cent v:s 200 individuals.

2.

Thers are 70 re ar:-h ::2cters in :he United S:Ates. I: is esti=ated tha: 39 of :he=

, have ei:h: neu:::n be:== or ther=al :clu=ns' Further, 1: is.

.e.=ed tha: there =ay be 15 people occupa: ice.2117 exposed due :n :.1: v :k, :: :hei: reses::h. Althcush :here are 54 pcus: rescu.., 11 experi=en:al :ese:::s, 5 ::1:1:41 asse=blies, 2 test reae:::s and 19 ;CD reactors reviewed ':y 57.C 1: is assu=ed that neu:::n ex;csure veuld be =ini=al eve :hcugh seme oc:upatien2117 exposed persennel =sy ente ce===d-en: during opera icas.

3.

This es:i=a:e was chtsi=ed fre= the ?adicisc : pes !icensin; 3:anch.

~

4.

In 1964 :here were 225 accelere:::s in the U.S.

The esti==:s is based on'the fac: :ha: se=e ac:clara:::: have ceased eperati:n and ::hers

's a::u=cd :ha; a: la2s: el a:e in have bee: huilt.; :herefore, 1:

i exis:ence : hat cz= p : duce neu::=n er.pesure.

Furth.:, it is assu=ed tha :hcre are 10 Operat::s and/or e:geri=en:e:s per =zchi== cha: could be receiving sc=s =eu:::n e=posure th:: ugh cha shieldi=g.

5.

I 1975 there vers 5602 people cha: received =easurable cc:upa:i:=21 exposure 1= :hesa facili:ies. Cu::en:ly the:s are pr:bably less th==

150 tha: receive neu::en er; sure as there is =c17 :na plu::niu=

facili:/ a :ive. The esti=i:e of 750 is based ca :he assu=p:i:n : hat other licensees.:7 a;ain bec:=e ac:ive.

6.

This inf::=2:icn tiss stgplied by the ' deal:h ? ::acti:n 3:anch, *:ivision of Safety, S ' 'ards a=d C:=pliance, and rep :sents personnel vi:h

=casurable exposure, sc=s f uhich was assu=ed :: be neu::::.

7.

T.s-d-atad nu=hers: :: es no: include any reac::: er;csure.

I

'i3'145

. S*2

,,i-.CRan a-14 reac::: 'facili:ies r:por::d :er=les:icns vi:h the pers: cel 07.posures shewn by bype of radiation.

207 people had neu:::= exposu:s.

If the quali:y facter vers raised by a fa ::: Of can, then the personnel experure v=uld be hiRher by a fa-::: of :a and 6 peopla vould have had a quarterly exposc:s :: ceu:::ns of:

~

3.1 Re 4.05 Rd:

5.2 Ra=

7.4 Re=

10.0 Rc=

~~

10.5 Re=

_.23

.._..4 2 U f.ne 4 sk.

.%..w6 5 facili:1es rep :::d :er:1:a:i:ns -i:h :he a=pesures shev: by type of

sdia:1::.

114 people :::=1:a:ed had ::1y eu:::= e=pesure.

To :1 au=he: :er=ina:ed *:7 ;ha 5 facili:ics was 113 people.

If the quality fae::: vere raised by a fae::: of :en, the: :ha per:onnel experure v:211 he hi;her by a fa:::: o f t e= 'and 20 peepic veuld have h:d a.nual exposures :: ceu:rens of:

~

9.83 R =

5.36 R:n 6.69 Re=

10.5 Rc=

7.3 2 R==

10.31 Rc=

8.70 Re=

11.06 Rc=

9.C4 2:=

12.46 Rc=

9.13 Ren 12.61 R:=

v. _

,,-,,4

.s s,-.

9.,.,

9..-

,,,en

,9.20.sem

,, 3,

,s c =

9.a-.

, =

. s 9,,:=

... < v,.. : =

,o

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