ML19210C211
| ML19210C211 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Crane  |
| Issue date: | 09/18/1972 |
| From: | Harold Denton US ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (AEC) |
| To: | Muller D US ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION (AEC) |
| References | |
| NUDOCS 7911130472 | |
| Download: ML19210C211 (6) | |
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SEP 181972 L-RA Daniel R. Wiler, Assistant Director for Envirosamental Frojects, L j
RESPOESE TO AGEBCT C0ffEBTS BRCARDIEG THREE MIT.E ISLAND DRAFT ENVIROE23TAL
. STATEMENT ARD CEANGES TO DES FOR IECLUSIDM IM FES Plant nema"- Three M41* Talsna
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, _ Docket annue 289 & 50-320
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. ne---nta braneh - Espirrasmenent Projects Bruneh #3 i _-: Project Imader - W. B. Regea 1
Date request received >by.EA-L - Aegast 24, 1972
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Baquested completica date - September 11, 1972 e Description of response - Agency esaments regarding Three Mile Is1 mad f._,,
.,. DES have been addressed. Minor changes for g,
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L f ' F.'Congel, EA-L has prepared the enslosed response to the one agency,
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7;g ' esement ' directed at the w 4a1agiem1 Impact sectica of the Three Mile
- .':' - Xalmed Draft Eawirammantal Statemene.
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' This meetica of the DES was written by the Radiological Assessment Branch in May,1972 with minar assistmace from Argonne National Laboratory.
. Also enclosed sea four pages of tmat whfeh have been slightly revised.
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conditions. The quantity of radicactivity that is released to the environ-ment will be a small fraction of the limits set forth in 10 CFR Part 20 of the Commission's Regulations, and the amounts will be kept as low as practicable in accordance with 10 CFR Part 50.36a.
These regulations apply to the combined releases from all systems connected with both Units 1 and 2.
The Staff has made calculations of the radiation dose using the estimated release rates of radionuclides listed in Tables 4, 5 and 6 using stated assumptions relative to dilution, biological recon-centration in food chains, and use factors by people.
2.
Radioactive Materials Released to the Atmosphere The most significant radiation dose to the public will result from the radionuclides in the gaseous effluents from the plant.
The radioactive materials released to the atmosphere are principally the fission-product noble gases, krypton and xenon.
Nearly all of the dose received by persons living, working or using recreational facil-ities in the vicinity of the plant will result from radioactive krypton and xenon in the air surrounding the individual. The postulated gas-cous ef fluents f rom the plant are listed in Tables 4 and 5.
We have calculated the potential annual doses using averages for meteorological conditions and assuming releases of the listed isotopes at a constant rate.
During normal operation of the plant at full power, the maximum dose rate due to cloud immersion at the plant's ' exclusion boundary on the river bank (2100 f t. ESE) where the X/Q = 9.1 x 10-6 sec/m, is 3
calculated to be about 0.55 mrem /yr while the dose at the nearest com-munity (Goldsboro,1-1/2 miles W) is less than 0.08 mrem /yr. The annual 3
dose (outside) at the nearest home (2340 f t. E, X/Q = 4.8 x 10-6 sec/m )
is estimated to be 0.29 mrem /yr. However, a higher dose of 0.45 mrem /yr will be received at another home located 2460 ft. ESE, where a higher X/Q of 7.4 x 10-6 sec /m3 is calculated.
Assuming an occupancy of 3 months annually, the total bcdy dose to campers at Beadt Island (20G0 ft. SW) and Shelly's Island (2000 f t. W), both normally uninhabited,
would be about 0.4 mrem /yr and 0.11 mrem /yr, respectively.
The dose
.also based upon three months per year occupancy; at the proposed recrea-tional area at the southern end of Three Mile Island will range from about 0.08 mrem /yr at a point near York Haven Dam (3500 ft. S) to about 0.04 mrem /yr at the southern tip of the Island (8500 ft. S).
A fisher-man, pleasure boater or sunbather who spends 500 hours0.00579 days <br />0.139 hours <br />8.267196e-4 weeks <br />1.9025e-4 months <br /> per year j ust outside the exclusion line at the nearest point on Shelly's Island would receive less than 0.03 mrem /yr due to gaseous effluents. Higher doses, of course, would be received by a fisherman, swimmer, or boater who inadvertently violated the plant exclusion circle.
For example, at a shore on Three Mile Island nearest the plant (inside the exclusien 3
circle 830 ft. SW, where the X/Q is as high as 1.4 x 10 4 sec/m ), a fisherman or boater spending 500 hours0.00579 days <br />0.139 hours <br />8.267196e-4 weeks <br />1.9025e-4 months <br /> per year would receive about 0.5
, mrem /yr f rom gaseous effluents.
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Based on an annual release rate of 0.11 C1/yr of iodine-131, the thyroid dose due to inhalation would be less than 0.5 mrem /yr.at the exclusion line (2200 ft. ESE), less than 0.4 mrem /yr at the nearest home, 0.07 mrem /yr at the nearest town (Goldsboro) and 0.3 mrem /yr at the proposed recreation area (3500 f t. S).
Radioactive iodine may be ingested by milk cows af ter deposi-tion in grazing areas.
Radiation exposure to the thyroid gland can result from drinking milk from these cows.
A liter of milk consumed daily from a cow grazing five months per year at the nearest dairy farm (1-1/2 miles ESE
, X/Q = 1.6 x 10 6 sec/m3 ) would result in a dose to an infant's thyroid of about 9 mrem /yr.
3.
Radioactive Materials Released to Receiving Water
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During normal operation of the plant, the liquid radwaste effluent will be combined with the forced draf t cooling tower blowdown before release into the Sasquehanna River.
Calculation of radiation doses from radionuclides released into the liquid effluent requires estimating the concentrations of these radionuclides at the point of discharge.
A nominal flow rate of 36,000 gallons per minute (80 cfs) for the cooling tower blowdown was used to calculate the liquid radwaste dilution in the discharge canal.
The river flow ranges from a low of 1,600 cfs to a maximum flood level of 740,000 cfs with an average annual flow of 34,000 cfs. Thus, an additional factor of 100 was conservatively assumed in order to estimate the effluent dilution after mixiag with the river water.
The principal pathways leading to exposure doses to man are drinking water from the river, consuming fish and invertebrates caught in the river; and swimming, boating, and picnicking in or on the shore of the river.
Bioaccumulatio.i factors used to calculate doses from fish and invertebrate consumption are listed in Table 11.
The doses to individuals resulting from the previously mentioned pathways are calculated using the estimated annual nuclide liquid releases given in Table 6 and dilution factors described above.
In addition, it was assumed that each person drinks 1,200 cc of water per day, consumes 20 grams of invertebrates per day, swims 100 hours0.00116 days <br />0.0278 hours <br />1.653439e-4 weeks <br />3.805e-5 months <br /> per year, and goes boating and picnicking on the shoreline for 500 hours0.00579 days <br />0.139 hours <br />8.267196e-4 weeks <br />1.9025e-4 months <br /> per year.
A delay of twenty-four hours is assumed between release and consumption.
No delay factor is considered for recreational use.
The results of the individual dose calculations are summarized in Table 12.
4.
Radioactive Materials Stored on Site The dose contribution at and beyond the site boundary due to radioactive storage areas on site is expected to be negligible.
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5.
Population Doses From All Sources Values of the cumulative dose to the population f rom gaseous effluents based on 1970 census figures are listed in Table 13 for various distances from the station. The combined dose to all individuals living within fif ty miles of the station (1,868,000) from exposure to radioactive gaseous effluents is estimated to be 9.4 ran-rem per year. It was assumed that 10 percent of this total population would be exposed while fishing, boating. or picnicking in the immediate vicinity of the plant.
The dose from ingesting fish and invertebrates was estimated by assuming that 10 percent of the total population within a fifty mile radius of the station obtained 25 percent of this intake from the Susquehanna River.
Thus, the effective exposed population via this pathway is 47,000.
The combined annual population dose via the drinking water, fish, inverte-brate, recreation and transportation (of nuclear fuel and solid radioactive waste) pathways is calculated to be 33 man-rem.
The population dose from all of the above pathways is su=marized in Table 14 I
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TABLE 12 ANNUAL DOSES AT EQUILIERIDI CONDITIONS TO INDIVIDUALS AT VARIOUS LOCATIONS DOSE (MREFf/YR)
LOCATION PATHUAY GI TRACT THYROID TOTAL BODY 0.5 0.55 Exclusion Boundary Cloud (2170' ESE)
Residencel Cloud 0.3 0.29 (2340' E)
Residencel Cloud 0.4 0.45 (2460' ESE) 0.06 0.08 Goldsboro Cloud (nearest town 1.5 miles W) 0.1 0.08 Three Mile Island Cloud 2
Recreation Area (3500' S) 0.1 0.11 She11y's Island Cloud (2000' W) 3 8.6 Dairy Farm Ingestion (1.5 miles E) of milk Susquehanna River Drinking 0.009 2.0 0.04 water C
Fish 0.06 0.03 0.2 Consumption Inverteb rate 0.02 0.2 0.05 Consumption 0.0009 Swimming 0.003 Picnicking, fishing and boating INo. shielding was assumed.
2 Dose calculation assumes an occupancy of 3 months per year.
3 Dose to a child's thyroid based on consuming one liter of milk daily from a cow grazing five months per year at that particular farm.
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Response to' EPA Comment Comment -
Page 5, 2nd paragraph Response -
The highest calculated value of the atmospheric dispersion value (X/Q = 1.4 x 10-4 sec/m3) which could apply to people using the Susquehanna River occurs on the southwest shore of Three Mile Island.
The total body dose would be less than 9 mrem /yr if a person spent all of his time at this location; therefore, there does not seem to be any potential for excessive exposure.to persons utilizing this section of the river.
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