ML18283B712

Effects of Impingement at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant on the Populations of Fish in Wheeler Reservoir

ML18283B712
Person / Time
Site:	Browns Ferry
Issue date:	01/31/1978
From:	Tennessee Valley Authority
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML18283B712 (162)

Text

EFFECTS OF IMPINGEMENT AT BROWNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT ON THE POPULATIONS OF FISH IN WHEELER RESERVOIR January 1978 Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife Development Fisheries and Waterfowl Resources Branch

JNTBODLJOTfON The Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant ie TVA's largest operating steam sJsrtrlr general tng plagal, h~vliig ~ tttr~e-unll dssigt) cogent!ity bf 3,456 megawatts (MW).

The plant ie located on the north bank of Wheeler Reservoir in north central Alabama at Tennessee River Mile 294.4. Initial critica1ity of units 1, 2, and 3 vere as follovs:

unit 1-August 16, 1973, unit 2-July 20,

. 1974, and unit 3-August 8, 1976.

Betveen March 27, 1975, and August 31,

1976, no electricity wae produced due to an.outage caused by a fire.

During this time a reduced flow of water was pumped through the cooling water intake.

Impingement monitoring was continued uninterrupted from February 1974 through December 1977. It is currently being continued as part of the require-ments of the operating license issued by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and in accordance with the format described in the environmental technical specifications for Browne Ferry.

Desc'ri tion of the Coolin Water Intake and Pum in Station The cooling water intake at Browne Ferry consists of a shoreline skimmer wall, an intake channel, a cooling water return cha'nnel, and a concrete pumping station located at the end of the intake channel (Figure 1).

Water passes through three openings in the skimmer wall, Each opening is 12.2 m

wide and 7.3 m deep.

The tops of the openings are located 3 m belov normal maximum pool elevation.

The intake channel,. is 150 m long from the skimmer wall to the pumping station.

At normal maximum pool the water depth along a 6.1 m wide area in the middle of the'channel is 10.1 m.

From there the sides of the channel slope at a 3:1 ratio.

Directly in front of the pumping station the bottom slopes down

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en additional 1.5 m to the bottom of the intake opening, resulting in e

\\'aximum depth of 11.6 m at the, intake screen at normal maximum pool.

The cooling tower return channel enters the left side (facing the pumping station) of the intake channel (Figure 1).

Pish movement up the cooling tower return channel is precluded by a concrete wall locat'ed several hundred meters upstream from the intake channel.

The 70.7 m long pumping station contains. nine cooling water circulator pumps (three per unit) and 18 vertical traveling screens.

Each pump contributes 13.9 m

sec for a total three-unit condenser end auxiliary demand of 124.9 m

sec 3

-1

'3

-1 (1.98 million gallons per minute).

Each of the endless-belt vertical traveling screens is housed in e separate intake screen well measuring 2.6 m wide (inside dimensions).

The trashrack opening for each intake veil measures 1.6 m wide by 7.3 m high.

The 1

screen panels are 2;3 m wide end support a square mesh steel screen having 9.5 mm {3/8") openings.

At 9.8 m of vater depth in the intake well, each 3

-I screen is designed to pass 6.9 m

sec (110,000 gpm) through a clean surface at'1 a velocity of 61.0 cm sec (2.0 fps).

The screens are cleaned either on a regular basis (such as shift changes or daily) or aftex' maximum pressure diffexential

'develops across the screens due to clogging.

The long impingement time fox fish in addition to exposure to the high pressure spray system during the cleaning process results in essentially 100 percent mortality of impinged fish.

METHODS Tvo procedures for estimating impingement vere used during the t'onitoring period.

From March 1974 thxough July 1976 the following method was employed:

expansion factors were calculated every two months (or less)

for each screen by counting from each screen in use all fish impinged during four consecutive 12-hour (day/night) periods.

An expansion factor for each screen was calculated simply by dividing the total fish for all screens by the total for each screen.

These expansion factors were employed in subsequent impingement counts to estimate total impingement on all screens from a count of fish from one test screen.

Three times per week all fish impinged on the test screen (or alternate screen) were counted.

To estimate the total impinge-ment for all screens, the expansion factor for that screen was multiplied by the number of each species impinged on the test screen.

If one or more pumps were not in operation, a correction formula was used to adjust the total estimated number impinged.

Revision of the environmental technical specifications in September 1976 changed these impingement monitoring procedures.

Coincident with the startup of Unit 3, this revision required a direct count of fish from each screen during one 24-hour period each week.

Test Procedures Twenty-four hours prior to each impingement count, all screens were simultaneously rotated and washed to remove impinged trash and fish.

The screens were then stopped for a 24-hour test period.

The test screen (in early tests) or each screen in operation (in later tests) was washed individually after the 24-hour test period.

The fish were collected in a large basket at the 'end of the screen wash water sluice conduit.

These fish were then sorted into species'y 25 mm total length increments.

The number and total weight (gm) for each size class were recorded for each species.

When excessive fish precluded a

direct count of all fish, subsampling within species was conducted, All impinged fish, including those impinged during sampling days as well as during days of routine screen cleaning, were deposited, in a sanitary chandi'ill.

Coolin Mater Intake Velocities Intake water velocities were measured.

on May 18, 1977, during operation of all nine condenser circulating pumps.

The average velocity through the three skimmer wall openings was 29.6 cm sec

, 28.0 cm sec and, 32.0 cm ec" Overall, individual measurements ranged from 7.0 to 50.0 cm sec 1.

The mean cross section intake channel velocity 100 m upstream of the pumping station was 38.4 cm sec Velocities ranged from 27.0 to 48.0 cm sec Seventy-five velocity measurements taken 1 m in front of the 18 trashracks averaged 36.6 cm sec and ranged from 18.0 to 50.0 cm sec" Numerical Anal sis For analyzing and comparing the impingement data, three distinct 12-month periods were identified.

These are based on the level of plant operation.

The first operational period extended from March 27, 1974, shortly after impingement monitoring was initiated, until March 27, 1975, when fire interrupted plant operation.

This period included Unit 1 operation from March 27, 1974-August 27, 1974, and Units 1 and. 2 operation from August 28, 1974-March 27, 1975, The average number of pumps in use on the sampling days was 4.g.

The second period included the first 12 months of no electric generation following the fire.

During this time a reduced, water flow was pumped through the intake.

The average number of pumps in use was 2.4.

The third operational period represented the first 12 months of normal operation after the fire.

During this period all three units were

placed in operation, with an average of 7.2 pumps in operation on sampling days.

An estimate of total impingement for these three 12-month periods was obtained by calculating averages of daily (24-hour) impingement as determined by either of the two procedures described above.

Average daily estimates for each species were then multiplied by the number of days in each period.

Differences in total observed impingement (all species combined) between intake screens were examined for each level of plant operation using the Kruskal-Wallis procedure (Hollander and Wolfe

-1973).

Only those samples in which counts were obtained from all screens (6, '12, or 18 for 1

~

2

~ << 3 unit operation, respectively) were used in the statistical procedure.

Multiple comparisons of impingement by screen were made using a nonparametric procedure based on Kruskal-Wallis ranks (Hollander and Wolfe 1973). All test statistics were examined for significance at the a ~ 0.05 level.

These data were also examined graphically by plotting the pooled proportion impinged on each screen for each o'perational period.

Differences between day (0600-1800 hours) and night (1800-0600 hours) impingement were examined for each species for which total observed impingement (all day/night test periods combined) was equal to or greater than 1,000 individuals.

A replicated goodness-of-fit procedure using the G statistic (an alternative statistic of the more common X ) was used to test the null hypothesis 2

that the proportion impinged during the day was equal (0.50) to impingement during the night (Sokal and Rohlf 1969).

Test statistics were examined for significance at the a 0.05 level.

For each species

examined, the pooled proportion impinged during the day and night periods was presented graphically.

Size distribution of impinged fish was examined for:

skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, channel catfish, white bass, yellow

bass, g'reen sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie,

sauger, and freshwater drum.

Por each of the 12 species, a frequency histogram (percentage) of length class was prepared summarizing all available size information collected from March 1974 to August 1977.

The determination of possible adverse impact by impingement was facilitated by the comparison of estimated 12-month impingement for selected species with numerical standing stock information for the same species derived from cove rotenone data.

Within each operational period, those species were selected which showed estimated 12-month impingement

~ 365 (one individual per day),

Por each operational period, standing stock information for corre-sponding summer months was expanded to a total number for Wheeler Reservoir.

This total number was calculated by multiplying the mean number per hectare by the total surface area of the reservoir.

For each species, this expansion was performed separately for both young-of-year (based on length class) and all size classes combined.

Estimated number impinged for each species was then divided by total and young-of-year standing stock estimates for Wheeler Reservoir, resulting in an estimated proportion (expressed as percent) for each length class removed by impingement (referred to as relative impingement in this report) at the intake of Browne Perry Nuclear Plant.

This method of estimating impact on reservoir populations haa one primary:limitation the assumption that for each species in question, cove rotenone data 'accurately estimate reservoir standing stock.

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72 species were coliected (Table 1).

During summer cove samples taken in 1974-1977, 60 species wer'e collected from a total of 15 cove samples collected in Wheeler Reservoir.

Of. the species collected from the intake screens, four represented 95.8 percent of the total observed impingement.

These were threadfin shad (76.5 percent),

gizzard shad (12.3 percent),

freshwater drum (4.3 percent),

skip)ack herring (2.7 percent) and were the only species which individually represented more than 1 percent of the total observed impingement.

In cove samples nine species each exceeded 1 percent of the total numerical standing stock for all three years combined:

threadfin shad',(37.1 percent),

1 gizzard shad (28.0 percent), bluegill (16.8 percent),

longear sunfish (6.4 percent),

redear sunfish (1.6 percent),

bullhead minnow (1.4 percent),

logperch (1.4 percent),

warmouth (1.3 percent),

and freshwater drum (1.0 percent).

None of the species impinged is currently classified as "threatened" or "endangered."

Estimated Total Im in ement During the first operational period,'March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975,.

an estimated 5.26 million fish of 50 species were impinged (Table 2).

Pour species (skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and freshwater drum) comprised 97.7 percent of the total.

Thirteen additional species exceeded an estimated 1,000 individuals impinged during the 12-month periodincluding silver

chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, blue catfish, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie,

logperch, and sauger.

During the 12 months which followed the fire at Browns Perry (second operational period),

the total estimated number impinged dropped from the

Table 1.

Species list and percent of total for all fish collected from the Browne Perry intake screens during the monitoring period March 1974-August 1977 and all species collected in 15 'cove rotenone samples collected in Wheeler Reservoir in 1974,

1975, 1976, and 1977.

Common Name Scientific Name Percent Composition (Impinged)

Percent Composition (Cove)

Chestnut lamprey

'add1ei'ish Spotted gar Longnose gar Shortnose gar Skip)ack herring G'zard shad Threadfin shad Rainbov trout Mooneye Grass pickerel Choco pirkaral Stoneroller

Goldfish, Carp Speckled chub Silver chub River chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Ghost shiner Common shiner Striped shiner Rosyface shiner Spotfin shiner

~Pol odon ~sathula Dorosoma

~ce edianum Dorosoma Hetenense Halmo Hairdneri Hiodon ~ter isus Esox americanus vermiculatus 1(o<>x ~ior

'~Cem ostoma anomslum Carassius auratus

~Crinus ~car io

~Hbo sis aestivalie

~Hbo sis storeriana Nocomis ~micro o on

~Notre is atherinoides

~metro is buchanani

~Notre is cornutus

~Notre is rubellus

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

<0.01

2. 72 12.30 76.49

<0.01

0. Ol

<0.01

<0,01

<0.01

<0.01 0.02

<0. Ol 0.23

0. Ol

0. 04

0. 12

0. 01 NI NI

<0.01

<0.01 NC NC

0. 02

<0. 01 NC

0. 16 27.95 37.08 NC NC NC NC 0.01 NC

0. 01 NC 0.27 RC"

0. 08

0. 10 NC

0. 01

<0. 01 NC 0.02

Table 1.

(Continued) 10 Common Name Scientific Name Percent Composition (Impinged) percent Composition (Cove)

Mimic shiner Steelcolor shiner Bluntnose minnow Fathead minnow Bullhead minnow Blacknose dace Longnose dace River carpsucker Quillback Highfin carpsucker Northern hogsucker Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo Black buffalo Spotted sucker Silver redhorse River redhorse Shorthead redhorse Black redhorse Golden redhorse Blue catfish Black bullhead Yellow bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Slender madtom Flathead catfish

'lackstripe topminnow Blackspotted topminnow Mosquitofish Brook silverside

~Notre is vhlucellus

~Notre is ~whi lei

~Pnme hales notatue

~Pdme hales ptomaine

~Pime hales

~vi ilax

~Car iodes caraio Caraiodes ~crinue

~Car iodes velider Ictiobus bubalus lctiohue ~ni sr

~Min trams ~melano s

Moxostoma anisurum Moxostoma carinatum Moxostoma macrole idotum Moxostoma

~du uesnei Moxostoma errthrurum Ictalurus furcatus Ictalurus melas Ictalurus natalis Ictalurus nebulosus lctalurus punctatus Noturus exilis

~Plodictfs olivaris Fundulus notatus Fundulus olivaceus Gambusia affinis Labidesthes sicculus

<0.01 NI NI

< 0.01 0.02

<0. Ol

< 0.01

< 0.01

<0. 01

<0.01

0. 01

< 0.01

<0.01 0.07

< 0.01

<0.01

< 0.01

<0.01

< 0.01

0. 08 0.02

<0.01 0.01

0. 39 0.03 NI

< 0.01

< 0.01

< 0.01

0. 04

0. 01 Ng

<0. 01 1.38 NC

<0.01 NC NC

<0.01 0.09

<0. 01

<0.01 0.92 0.02

<0. 01

<0.01

<0. 01 0.11

<0.01

<0.01 NC NC 0.13

<0. 01 0.05 0.02 0.11

0. 03 0.10

Table l.

(Continued)

Common Name Scientific Name Percent Composition (Impinged)

Percent Composition (Cove)

White bass Yellow bass Striped bass Rock bass Redbreast sunfish Green sunfish Warmouth Orangespotted sunfish Blue'll Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Morone chrh~so s

Morone mississi iensis Morone saxatilis

~Le omis auritus

~Le amis ~caaellua

~Le amia ~uloaus

~Le cain hunilis

~Le ernie macrochirus

~Le amis

~me alotis'.55

0. 92

<0.01

<0.01

< 0.01 0.33 0.01

<'0.01

0. 72 0.08

0. 24 0.12 0.38 NC

<0.01 0.40 1.29 0.20 16.78 6.37 1'. 84 Spotted sunfish Smallmouth bass Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Fantail darter Stripetail darter Redline darter Yellow perch Logperch Dusky darter River darter Sauger Walleye Freshwater drum

~Le ernie punctntue Pomoxis annularis Etheostoma flabellave Etheostoma kennicotti Etheostoma rufilineatum Perca flavescens Porcine

~ca modes Percina sciera Percina shumardi Stizostedion canadense Stizostedion vitreum vitreum

< 0.01

<0.01 0.01 0.02 0.11

0. 01 NI NI NI NI

0. 04

< 0.01

< 0.01 0.05

< 0.01 4.34 NC 0.21 0.16 0.60 0.11

<0. 01 0.04

0. 12

<0.01

<0. 01 1.39

<0.01 0.03 0.13 NC 1.02 1,

Not collected in rotenone samples.

2.

Not, observed in impingement samples.

18 Table 2

Estimated total number of all fish impinged at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant between March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975 Total Estimated Number ImpLnged i' 150 Samples Total Estlm¹ted Number impinged Lamprey Chestnut lamprey Paddlefish Spotted gar Longnose gar Shortnose gar Skipgack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Dorosoma sp Mooneye Goldfish Carp Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Bluntnose minnow Fathead minnow River carpsucker Quillba'ck Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo Spotted sucker Redhorse sucker Catfish Blue catfish Black bullhead Yellow bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish 10 69 66ll 2

'0,807 75,440 1,824,188 48,937 179 91 85 3,553

'71 1,269 2

22 3

5 105 1

431 6

1,641 366 14 1

8,924 209 24 5

168 160 27 220,964 183,571 4,438,857 1195080 437 221 207 8,646 660 3,088 5

53 7

12 255 2

1,049 14 3,993 892 33 2

21,716 508

Table 2 ~

(Continued)

Taxa Total Estimated Number Impinged In 150 samples Total Estimated Number Impinged Mosquitofish White bass Yellow bass Striped bass Rock bass Redbreast sunfish Green sunfish Warmouth Orangespotted sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish

.'Smallmouth bass Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch Darter Sauger Walleye Freshwater drum Total 5$ 805 5, 940 21 1

3 4, 173 160 23 7,214 150 3,250 10 24 136 3,216 27 927 1,516 16 73 768 2,163,098 14 14,126 14,453 51 7

105154 390 57 17,556 366 7,910 25 59 332 7,826 67 2,256 2

3$ 690 39 179 501 5,263,546

14 preceding period to 2.69 million fish of 52 species (Table 3).

The three clupeids (gizzard shad, threadfin shad, and akip$ ack herring) and freshvater drum comprised 96.2 percent of all fish collected.

Seventeen additional species that exceeded an estimated 1,000 individuale for the 12-month period were carp, silver chub, emerald shiner, ghost shiner, spotted

sucker, blue catfish, black

bullhead, channel catfish, flathead catfish, white bass, yellov bass, green sunfish, bluegill, redear sunfish, white crappie,

logperch, and sauger.

During the third operational period of three-unit operation, (September 1, 1976-August 31, 1977) an estimated,6.67 million fish representing 61 species were impinged (Table 4).

During this period, the three clupeids and freshvater drum were again dominant and comprised 94.6 percent of the total, vhile 19 additional species were each estimated to have bien impinged in total numbers exceeding 1,000 each.

These species were silver chub, golden shiner, emerald shiner,,bullhead minnow, spotted

sucker, blue catfish, brown bullhead, channel catfish, flathead catfish, white bass, yellov bass, green sunfish, bluegill, longear sunfish, redear sunfish, largemouth bass, vhite crappie,

logperch, and sauger.

Estimated total weight of each species impinged was also calculated for samples collected during the third operational period (Table 4).

Total weight estimated for all fish impinged during this period was 63 metric tons.

Seasonal Patterns of Im in ement Figure 2 depicts the total impingement estimated by month for the period March 1974-August 1977.

Clupeids showed a consistent pattern of lowest impingement in May or June.

Impingement was usually highest from December through March.

An exception was 1976-1977 when clupeid impingement peaked during September-October.

15 Table 3

Estimated total number of all fish impinged at Browns Perry Nuclear Plant between March 27, 1975-March 26, 1976.

Taxa Lamprey

'addlefish Spotted gar Longnose gar Shortnose gar Skipgack herring Gissard shad Threadfin shad Mooneye Grass pickerel Goldfish Carp Silver chub River chub Golden shiner

~Natro s 8$,

Rmafoid shinof Ghost shiner Spotfin shiner Bluntnose minnow Pathead minnow Bullhead minnow Blacknose dace River carpsucker illback Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo Black buffalo Spotted sucker Redhorse sucker Total Estimated Number Idphigad 'In 152 samples.

9 6

200 13 41,011 142,578 7935013 144 471 2,703 2

161 608 13 303 5

11 2

332 16 4

1,320 47 Total Estimated Number Impinged 23 15 481 21 31 98%751 343,312 1 ~ 9090492 346 17 1,134 6,509 6

388 2,200 1,464 20 11 32 730 11 25 4

800 39 9

3,178 114

16 Table 3.

(Continued).

Taxa Blue catfish Black bullhead Yellow bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Y~llw hase Green sunfish Warmouth Orangespotted sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Smallmouth bass Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch Darter Sauger Freshwater drum Total Estimated Number Impinged In 152 samples 1>029 493 54 4,749 436 5,569 1,294 103 3,913 188 1,064 3

328 234 2,075 15 702 767 97,140 Total Estimated Number Impinged 2$ 476 1,187 129 15

-11'35 1%050 13,408 59]9)6 3,115 248 19 9,423 452 2,561 8

791 564 4,996 37 15690 5

1,846 233,902 Total 1,116,545 2,688,498

Table 4.

Estimated total number and weight of all fish species impinged at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant between September 1976-August 1977.

Estimates are based on 54 24-hour samples collected at one-week intervals.

Taxa Total Est. Number Total Wt. {kg)

Impinged In Impinged In 54 sam les 54 aam les Total Bst.

No.

Total Est. Wt.(kg)

Chestnut, lamprey Paddlefish Spotted gar Longnose gar Shortnose gar Skip)ack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Mooneye Chain picker'el Stoneroller Goldfish Carp Speckled chub Silver chub River chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Ghost shiner Mimic shiner Bullhead minnow Longnose dace Quillback Northern hog sucker Smallmouth buffalo Bigmouth buffalo Spotted sucker Silver redhorse Shorthead redhorse Black redhorse Golden redhorse 12 19 16,346 200,305 685>769 97 36 10 1,115 817 1,184 10 33 182 125 1,094 15 4

19

0. 61

0. 21 10.93

0. 85 4.94.

171.35 4,235. 89 2,189.22 15.95

1. 36

.03

8. 83

5. 03 0.08 24.42

0. 12

16. 83 7.84 0.02 o.o6 1.90 0.01 0.11 0.54 48.95

2. 24 69.33 5,94,

0. 60.

2. 11

8. 22 k

81 14 128 74 110,487 1,353,913 4,635,290 656 14 7

243 68 27 7>537 14 5,522 8,003 68 223 1,230 7

74 14 845 34 7,395 101 37 128 4.10 l.45 73.85

5. 73 33.38 1>158.23 28,631.'50 14,797 '9 107.78

9. 21 0.20

59. 66 34.00 0.51 165.07 0.72 113. 78 53.01 O.16 0.41 12.82 0.05 0.75 3.63 330.86 15.13 468.61 40.16 4.04 14.27 55.55

18 Table 4.

(Continued)

Taxs Total Est.Number Total Est. Wt.(kg)

Total Est.No. Total Est.Wt.(kg)

Impinged In Impinged 1'n Impinged Impinged 54 samples 54 samples Blue catfish Black bullhead Yellow bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish Black Spotted topminnow Brook silverside White bass Yellow bass Striped bass Rock bass Green s'unfish Warmouth Orangespotted sunfish Bluegill sunfish Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Spotted sunfish Smallmouth bass Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch Dusky darter River darter Sauges Walleye Freshwater drum 379 88'63 3,657 328 7,498 9,913 30 5,801 58 12,572 1,374 4,087 1

47 50 262 19003 86 256 375 31 924 987,310 33.79 1'. 80

0. 08

16. 01 175.22

.9. 91

<0.01 (0. 01 131.19 234.08 2.26

0. 04

40. 54 1.26 0.03 285.70 10.68 184.93 0.04 2.80 1.53 17.42 23.04 4.69 1.70 0.03 0.02 52.74 2.45 1 322.38 9,390.88 2,562 595 1,778 24,719 2,217 7

20 50,681 67,005 203 14 39,210 392 14 84,977 9,287 279625 7

318 338 1,771 6,780 581 19730 47 27 2,535 20 213 783 6,673,488 228.40 12.15 0.55 108.18 1,184.36 67.01

0. 01

0. 03 886.71 1,582.21 15.26

0. 30 274. 05 8.51 0.20 1,931.13 72.18 1,249.96 0.25

18. 93

10. 36 117.75 155.75 31.69 11.49 0.22 0.12 356.48 16.53 8 938.31 63,485.19

19 fp3I4400 810@00 Q Clvpild Alt other tixa 400600 204@00 102/00

\\

\\

5+00 25@00 lII I

o 12P00 E

0 CL 00 C

QOO E

~0 1,600 ebb 400 M

A M

J J

A 6

0 N

D' t'4 Month 75 Figure 2.

Total estimated monthly impingement at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant for Clupeids (shad) and all remaining taxa during the period March 1974-August 1977.

A geometric scale was required to show the large range in monthly values

1@3~00 8191200 Q Clupeld All other texe 409/00 204/ 00 l

\\

10~00 8+00 2SPOO o

12@00 O

CL 8~00 C

'D QOO E

00 III 800 400 M

A M

J J

A 8

0 N

0 J

F 75 Month 75 Figure 2.

(Continued)

21 819I200

'09800 204/00 10+00 6+00 26J500 o

12POO E

0

" CL

~00 C

'0 QOO 6

v>

00 800

\\

0 i I 1L I IIIIIIO I.I 400 M

A M

J J

A S

0 N

0 J

F 78 Month 77 Figure

,2 ~ (Continued)

22 1$ 3@l 00 81%t200 Clupeld All other taxa 409,800 204+00 102ltoo SHOO 25@00 4

i~00 E

OO 8400 C

D 00 E

1+00 I

~l 800 400 M

A M

J J

A 8

0 tl 0

J F

77 Month Figure 2.

(Cont inued)

23 Lowest impingement of clupeids during May-June was followed by a sharp increas'e in July and August for the first three years of record.

This probably reflects the appearance of young-of-year.

However, the pattern did not hold for the last year of data.

Numbers remained low through August, the last month reported.

Monitoring not reported here showed that threadfin shad impingement did not increase through December 1977.

The impingement of low numbers of clupeids after June 1977 is likely associated with a very low density of young-of-year threadfin shad in Wheeler Reservoir.

Nonshad taxa showed a pattern of generally irregular fluctuations in monthly impingement between 6,000-60,000 fish (Figure 2).

Highest impingement often occurred in March with the highest value in March 1977.

Com arison of Da and Ni ht Im in ement Species selected for detailed examination of day versus night impingemen't were:

skip)ack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, silver chub, emerald

shiner, spotted

sucker, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, bluegill, longear sunfish, redear sunfish, white crappie, and freshwater drum.

The replicated goodness-of-fit procedure indicated significant departure from the null hypothesis (impingement during the day impingement during the night) for all 15 species (Table 5).

For two species, green sunfish and longear sunfish, pooled G-values were not significant even though total G-values were, significant.

Thus, if all replicates for these two species were treated as one observation, we would accept the null hypothesis stated above.

Much of the variability in the analyses was accounted for by heterogeneity among the replicates.

Thus, differences between'day and night impingement were not consistent between replicates for all species treated.

The data in Figure 3 show that for all but one species (longear sunfish) the pooled proportion of fish impinged during night was greater than during daylight.

24 Table 5.

Results of replicated goodness-of-fit analyses comparing day and night impingement for 15 selected species.

The G-value labeled "Het."

represents the statistic to test the hypothesis that all replicates were homogeneous, i.e., were drawn from the same population.

This value was calculated as the difference; Total G-value - Pooled G-value Hetero-geneity G-value.

Species Day Number Night Total G-Values Pooled Het.

Skipgack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Silver chub Emerald shiner Spotted sucker, Channel catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Red'ear sunfish White crappie KFL~INitet 9~uhi 8,624 9,943 5

96,563 502 180 18 589 266 659 99 531 42 70 145 S,u83 24,533 14,171 181, 917 1,053 426 42 858 991 11216 127 858 34 169 335 l6,829 14,306.7*

2,025.7*

62,308.3*

314.8*

185.1*

39.8*

4

• 193.8*

647.0*

358.2*

56.9*

205.3*

36.5*

125.1*

168.8*

3,'854.3>

7,957.0*

745.2*

26,586.8*

199.5*

102.8*

9'*

50.3*

445.1*

168.0+

3.5 77 i7*

0.8 77.3*

1,349.9*

6,349.7*

~ 1,280.5+

35,721.5*:

115.3*

82.3*

30.0+

143.5*

201.9*

190.2*

53.5~

127;6*

35.6*

82.8~

91. 5A 2,514.4~:

• Statistically significant at the a 0.05 level of confidence.

25 Poroont

.as

.80

.78 ago Skipjack herring

',1$.+~ 1 l". 4 Gizzard shad Day

>555PA%~m Threadf in shad iP':~NWW~>

Silver chub

~

tt,

@4~4444

~

~4 t '. t>>'f'

'4

<<t>>4~0~~

Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Channel catfish White bass Yellow bass Q~pt ~P(7P 4

4'reen sunfish Blueg i 1 1 Longear sunfish Redear sunfish White crappie N@g~~l~%5 4

Freshwater drum

.80

.75 Pigure 3.

Numbers impinged for selected species during the 12-hour periods 060'0.-1800 hours and 1800&6'OC hours.

This graph depicts the results of 42 pooled day/night samples collected between March 1974-November 1976.

26 The seven species which showed the greatest tendency, for impingement during the night were skip)ack herring, silver chub, emerald shiner, spotted sucker, white bass, redeax'unfish, and white crappie (Figure 3).

For each of these over two-thirds of the individuals were impinged during hours of darkness.

Com arison of Impin ement Amon Intake Screens Comparison of the distribution of impinged fish (all species combined) among screens for the three operational periods showed differences to be pro-nounced during one-unit (screens 1-6) operation (Figure 4).

The Kruskal<<Wallis procedure selected two subsets of difference among scxeens.

Multiple comparisons selected two subsets of screens with similar impingement:

screens 01, 02, 03, 04, 05, and screens 03, 04, 05, and 06.

During the second and third operational

periods, the frequency histogram (Figure 4) suggested that higher impingement tended to occur on the end screens;

howevex, no statistically significant differences among screens were detected.

Size Distribution of Im in ed Pish Fish smaller than 51 mm appeared to be relatively insusceptible to impingement for all 12 species examined (Figures 5 and 6).

Over 70 percent of the impinged fish were betw'een 51-100 mm total length for eight species:

skipjack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, and white crappie.

.Except for white crappie, those fish less than 101 mm total length are considered to be young-of-year.

Individuals of 76-100 mm length represented over 30 percent of the impinged white crappie.

White crappie of this size are probably in the second growth season.

Por the remaining four species (bluegill, redear sunfish, saugex',

and freshwater drum), fish mox'e than 100 mm in total length accounted for a

', 50 27 40 Unit 1 oWrotlon 30 20 NI5@80 8+4 10 I

C

'01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 50 40 Unit 1-2 operation N> 2N> 243 20

,'10 01 02 03 04 '5

. 06 07

08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 40 Unit 1-3 operetlon 30 20 N*27 281

&10 10 I

<<I t

l 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Screens

, Figure 4.

Disgribotion of impinged fish (a11 species combined) among screens at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant for three levels of plant generation.

These comparisons include only those samples when all screens were in use.

N is the total number of fish in all 24-hour samples.

S is the number of 24-hour samples.

SkipJack herring 0- 25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-175 l76-Gizzard shad Threadfin shad 0- 25 26<<

50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-175 176-Channel catfish White bass 0- 25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 151-175 176-Yellow bass r

100 75 Percent 50 25 Length Class (mm) 25 50 Percent 100 Figure 5.

Length frequency distribution fo'r selected fish species impinged at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant during the period March 1974-August l977.

29 Green sunfish 0- 25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101".'.'c 5 126-150 151-175 176-Bluegill Redear 0- 25 26-50 51-75 76-100 101-125 126-150 I

151-175 ml White crappie Sauger 0- 25 26-50 I~i >>

76-l.00 Ill%% 101-125 S~Rf 126-150 151-175 176-hect

)

Freshwater drum 100 75 Percent 50 Length Class

{mm) 25 Percent 50 75 100 Figure 6

Length frequency distribution for selected fish species impinged at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant during the period Harch 'l974-August 1977.

30 considerable proportion of the numbers impinged.

Except for sauger, these larger sizes probably include fish older than young-of-year specimens.

Cpm arison of Im in ement Estimates with Standin Stock Estimates During the three operational periods, 30 species were impinged at an average rate -f one or more fish per day for at least one of the periods.

Impingement of 17 of these species exceeded 1 percent of the estimated standing.stock (numbers) for one or more operational periods (Tables 6-8).

These included skipgack herring, gizzard shad, threadfin shad,

mooneye, carp, silver chub, blue catfish; black bullhead, brown bullhead, channel catfish, white bass, yellow bass, green sunfish, white crappie, black

crappie, sauger, and freshwater drum.

Six of these species (mooneye,

carp, blue catfish, black and brown bullhead, and black crappie) were either absent or rarely collected in the cove samples.

Except for blue catfish, the estimated average impingement of each of these species did not exce'ed an average of three ind'ividuals per day.

The remaining species which were impinged at 1 percent or more of the estimated standing stock are discussed below.

Ski ack herrin Estimated impingement of skip)ack herring decreased during the three operational periods while mean numerical standing stock values increased over the years corresponding to the operational periods (Tables 6-8). 'hus, despite the lower intake flow and lower reservoir density of skipgack herring during the first period, the proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was greatest in the first operational period and least during the third operational period (Tables 6-8).

31 Table 6: Estimated standing stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples) for selected speciesof'fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1974) compared with estimated total impingement of these sp'ecies during the period March 27, 1974-March 26, 1975.

Taxa Estimated Total No.

Impinged Mean. Standing s ockNoh YOY Total Percent of standing stock numbers im in ed YOY Tot~al Skip)ack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad

.Mooneye Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Blue catfish Black bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish White crappie Logperch Sauger Freshwater drum 220;964 190,914 4,553,174 437 8,646 660 3,088 1,049 3,993 892 21,716 508 14,126 14,453 10,154 17,556 366" 7,910 7,826 2,256 3,690 179,501 17.70 873.05 2,447.84 NC 54.26

39. 06

28. 85

11. 05 NC NC

1. 34

6. 53 3.61

36. 66 19.75 722.08 282.09 138.01 1.04 206.63 5.90 51.31 27.70 1,768.'30 2,447.84 NC 54.26 39.06

28. 85

71. 81 NC NC 9.79

13. 98 4.46 36.66 26.67 1%120.45 556.01 209.35 2.08 206.63 7.04 102.86 45.97

.81

6. 85 5

0.59 0.06 0.39 0.35 5

59. 68 0.29 14.41 1.45 1.89

0. 09 (0. 01 0.21 27.71 0.04 2.30 12.88 29.38

.40 6.85 5

0. 59 0.06 0.39 0.05 5

8. 17 0-13 31.66 1.45 1.40 0.06

<0. Ol 0.14 13.86 0.04 1.93 6.43 1.

Refers to young-of-year fish.

2.

Refers to all ages collected in summer cove samples.

3.

Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.

4.

Not collected on cove rotenone samples.

5.

Calculation not possible.

32 Table

7. Estimated standing stock numbers (based on cove rotenone samples) for selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1975) compared with estimated total impingemeht oI'hese species during the period March 27, 1975-Mnrch 26, 1976.

Estimated Total no.

impinged Mean standing sto k nl)n YOY

- Total percent of stnndlng st oi k numbe s

lmgilng~i<I, YO Totnl Spotted gar Skipgack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Carp Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Spotted sucker Blue catfish Black bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Spotted bass Largemouth bass White crappie Logperch Sauger Freshwater drum 481 98,751 343,312 1,909,492 1,134 6,509 388 2,200 3,178 2,476 1,187 11,435 1,050 13,408 29,936 3.115 9,423 452 2,561 791 564 4,996 1,690

'1,846 233,902 7.46 9.80 8.96 1,565.04 NC 8.86 13.47 6.71 422.81 NC NC 5.46 9.24 4.76 76.28

88. 97 1,702.98 508.81 396. 99 24.27 60.52

2. 05 468.06 14.37 151.46 12.54 40.18 640.19 1,565.04 0.51 8.86 13.47 6.71 475.78 NC 0.28 22.89 18.98 5.22 77.30 110.04 3,204.60 1,203.31 483.97 27.95 123.98 7.00 468.06 21.08 300.17 0.24 37.11 141.11 4.49 5

2.71

0. 11 1.21

'.03 5

5 7.71 0.42 10.37

1. 45 0.13 0.02

<b.oi 0.02 0.12 0.26 8.98 0.01 0.47 5.69 0.14 9.05 1.97 4.49

8. 19 2.71

0. 11 1.21 0.02 5

15.61 I.84 0.20 9.46 1.43 0.10 0.01

<0.01 0.02

0. 10 0.13 2.63 0.01 0.32 2.87 1.

Refers to young-of-year fish.

• 2.

Refers to all ages collected in summer cove samples.

3, Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.

4.

Not collected on cove rotenone samples.

5.

Calculation not possible.

33 Table 8.

I'.Htfmnt<',d Hta<ul in@ ato<<k numbers (b<<<<<<<l on cove r<<<'<~n<<nu

<<<<mpl< <<)

I <><'u I<<C<<'

<<I<<< I<'N

<)f I IHI< In Wl<a<<< I <<r Ho¹<<rv<>lr I I '<ll<)

('<)<IIU<jr<<<j W I I I<

I l<o u<<C Ill<:<L<<l I<<C<l I l<<<lllngelll<'<<l <Iurlnl<', Ih<

P< rl<><l I

8< l><<ml>< r l9/(s-'ll h<<I<<<¹I I'Ill.

Species Total No.

Impinged Mean standing stock (No/ha)

Y Total YOY Total Percent of Standing Stock Numbers 2

Skipgack herring Gizzard shad Threadfin shad Mooneye Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Bullhead minnow Smallmouth buffalo Spotted sucker Blue catfish Black bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch Sauger Freshwater drum 110,487 1,353,913 4,635,290 656 30.67 6,830.07 265024.10 NC 75.52 12,521.83 26,028.07 NC 7,537 5,522 8,003 1,230 845 7,395 2,562 595 1,778 24,719 2,217 50,681 67,005 39,210 84,977 9,287 27,625 1,771 6,780 581 96.43 39.80 63.82 436.22 NC 12.16 NC NC NC

2. 89 13.37 30.16 19.08 14.79 96.43 39.80 63.82 436.22 38.66 152.46 0.26 NC NC 67.40 19.20 33.56

21. 06

41. 33 6,607.19 8,894.00 1,995.37 227.18 50.56 0.40 NC 3,238. 69 493.92 277.36 2.68 4

NC 215.58 72.12 239.52'15.58 27535 7.20 215,783 52.41 13.33 0.73 0.66 5

0.29 0.51 0.46 0.01 5

2 23 5

5 31.50

0. 61

6. 19 12.93 9.76 0.05 0.02 0.45 0.13 62.42 5

0.03 1.30 15.16 5.39 0.40 0.66 5

0.29 0.51 0.46

0. 01 0.08 36.29 5

1.35 0.43 5.56 11.72 3.49 0.04 0.01 0.21 0.02 9.32 5

0.03 0.42 3'. 32 l.

2 ~

k 3

4.

5.

Refers to young-of-year fish.

Refers to all ages collected in summer cov<. samples.

Based on a reservoir surface area of 27,150 ha.

Not collected on cove rotenone samples.

Calculation not possible.

34 Proportion of standing stock removed ranged from 5.39 percent of all ages in the third period to 29.38 percent in the first period and from 13,33 percent of young-of-year alone in the third period to 45.97 percent I.n the first period (Tables 6 and 8).

Gizzard shad Impingement of gizzard shad showed a distinct increase during the operational periods, exhibiting an order of magnitude increase in the third operational period over the first operational period.

A similar increase in numerical standing stock was observed (Tables 6-8) for the three corresponding yearm of cove rotenone sampling.

This increase in standing stock was also reflected in the 1977 cove samples after high impingement of the previous year's standing stock.

Relatively few young-of-year gizzard shad were collected in 1975 cove samples (Table 7) and higher than expected impingement of young-of-year occurred during this second period.

Except for this case, the proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was between 0.41 percent and 1.97 percent.

Threadfin shad Despite an order of magnitude increase in standing stock estimates of threadfin shad from 1974 to 1976, the impingement of threadfin shad was similar for the first and third periods, (4.55 and 4.64 million fish, respectively>

Tables 6 and 8).

During the second period, the impingement of this species was reduced to approximately 1.9 million fish (Table 7).

Maximum proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was 6.85 percent (during the first operational period).

In 1977 the standing stock was reduced to an extremely low level (Table 9).

35 Table 9.

Estimated standing stock numbers

{based on cove rotenone samples) of selected species of fish in Wheeler Reservoir (1977).

Me n standin stock No/ha 3

Species YOY Total Skip)ack herring Gizzard shad Thrc <<df la shad Mooneye Silver chub Golden shiner Emerald shiner Bullhead minnow Smallmouth buffalo Spotted sucker Blue catfish Black bullhead Brown bullhead Channel catfish Flathead catfish White bass Yellow bass Green sunfish Bluegill Longear sunfish Redear sunfish Largemouth bass White crappie Black crappie Logperch Sauger Freshwater drum 30.2 10,434.4 I:. l 4

72.7 12.6

~ 2 185. 6 3.8 15.8 4

4 4

15.2 10.9

63. 3 235.8

72. 6 2,351.8 706.3 600.1 118.7 2.1 573. 5

55. 4 199. 7 33.2 l5,615.3 l0. (>

4 72.7 12.6

.2 185.6 21.4 168. 3 4

4 4

21.2 16.5 66.4 237.9 126. 3 3,880.6 1,847.6 765.5 193.6 88.8 4

573.5 60.0 348.1

1. Refers to young-of-year fish.

2. Refers to all ages collected in summer cove samples.

3.

Based on reservoir surfact area of 27,150 ha.

4. Not collected in cove rotenone samples.

36

~Car Carp were impinged in relatively high numbers only during the second period.

The estimated 1,134 fish represented 8.19 percent of the estimated standing stock of this species in Wheeler Reservoir.

Silver chub Silver chub impingement remained essentially constant throughout the three periods at levels not exceeding an estimated 9,000 individuals per year.

The proportion of standing stock removed by impingement was least in the third period (0.29 percent).

Channel catfish Channel catfish were impinged in similar numbers during the first and third opexational periods.

Numbers were lowest during the second period.

Standing stock increased during the cox'responding three years of rotenone sampling (Tables 6-8).

The data suggest that,a relatively high proportion of young-of-year standing stock (59.68 percent, 7.71 percent, and 31.50 percent in 1974,

1975, and 1976, respectively) were impinged.

Computations using standing stock numbers for all size classes combined, resulted in a much lower proportion removed during these years (8.17 percent, 1.84 percent; and 1.35 percent, respectively; Tables 6-8).

White bass Impingement of white bass was over three times higher for the three-unit operational period than for the first and second operational periods.

Standing stock numbers incx'eased an order of magnitude from 1974 to 1976

37 (Tables 6-8).

As a result, the proportion of standing stock numbers of white bass in Wheeler Reservoir that were impinged decreased from the first to the third operational period.

Overall, the proportion of standing stock numbers removed due to impingement ranged from 14.41 percent for young-of-year in 1974 to 6.19 percent in 1976 and from 11.66 percent for all ages combined in 1974 to 5.56 percent in 1976.

Despite the increaseg number impinged during the third period, standing stock of young-of-year and all ages combined of white bass increased from 1976 to 1977 (Table 9).

Yellow bass Impingement of yellow bass showed a marked increase over the three operational periods while mean numerical standing stock in Wheeler Reservoir tended to decrease during this period (Tables 6-8).

Consequently, highest relative impingement occurred during the three-unit operational period.

The proportion of standing stock removed by impingement increased from about 1.5 percent during the first two periods to over ll percent during the third period (three-unit operation).

Despite the high impingement during the three-unit operation, standing stock o'f young-of-year increased an order of magnitude in 1977 (Table 9).

Green sunfish Impingement of this species increased from 10;154 during the first period to 39,210 during the third operational period (Tables 6 and 8).

Conversely, corresponding standing stock estimates decreased from tne first to the third period, resulting in the highest proportion of standing stock being impinged during the third period (9.76 percent of Juveniles and 3.49 percent of all ages combined).

The results of cove sampling in 1977 (Table 9), however, showed the greatest standing stock in this year.

White cra ie Impingement of white crappie showed a slight decrease during the three operational periods (numbers were lowest for the third operational period).

Standing stock numbers of white crappie were, relatively stable over the first three study years (Tables 6-8) and increased greatly in 1977.

Low abundance of young-of-year white crappie in the 1976 samples resulted in, the high relative impingement (62.42 percent of standing stock numbers) for this age during the three-unit operational period (Tables 6-8).

hlso, impingement was high compared to estimated standing stock during the first period (27.71 percent of young-of-year and 13.86 percent of the total summer standing stock of all sizes).

~Ssu er Impingement of sauger ranged from approximately 1,800 fish in the second period to about 3'00 in the first period.

Standing stock estimates increased considerably from the first to the third period (Tables 6-8).

The proportion of total standing stock removed by impingement exceeded 1 percent only in the first period.

Freshwater. drum Impingement, of freshwater drum was highest during the second operational period when intake volume and number of screens in operation was least (Table 7).

Standing stock estimates for both young-of-year and all ages combined reflected this unexpected outcome and were greatest during this period (Table 7).

Impinge-ment of freshwater drum appears to be a function of reservoir abundance.

The highest relative impingement (Tables 6 and 8) of young-of-year drum was in t)ie third period (15.16 percent of standing stock numbers and in the first period

39 for all ages combined (6.43 percent).

Standing stock was greatest in 1977 (Table 9) following the three years of impingement monitoring.

DISCUSSION

'he large number of species collected on the intake screens at Browns Ferry Nucl'ear Plant indicates that the intake is not particularly selective.

Impingement probably represents a good qualitative picture of the fish community in Wheeler Reservoir.

This idea is supported in that species which were unique to either impingement or cove rotenon'e samples were uncommon

(< 0.05 percent of the total number collected)

~

Compared with the proportional composition of the rotenone

samples, a relatively higher percentage of threadfin shad and skip)ack herring were impinged on the intake screens.

Sunfish species were impinged in proportions considerably less than those estimated by cove rotenone samples.

Thus, the pelagic and highly mobile shad and herring seemed to be more susceptible to impingement than sedentary shoreline species such as the sunfish.

It is recognized, however, that cove sampling probably over-estimates reservoir densities of sunfish and unde'restimates the more pelagic species.

Impingement (all species combined) was lowest for the second operational period when intake flow was lowest and highest for the three-unit operational period when volume intake of cooling water was greatest'hus, overall there was a positive relationship between the level of plant operation and impingement'owever, differences in impingement among operational periods for several of the dominant species (e.g.,

spotted sucker, silver chub, white crappie, and sauger) did not appear to be related to plant operation and may have reflect< 6 year class variation of these species in the reservoir.

40 Il Several deviations from the typical" seasonal pattern for mont.hly impingement of clupeids occurred after the start of three-unit operation at Browns Perry Nuclear Plant.

The high fall impingement (approximately 4.5 million fish from September through November 1976) was probably due to a large standing s'tock of young-of-year clupeids in wheeler Reservoir.

High impingement in November may also reflect unusually high natural mortality of threadfin shad due to cold shock from exceptionally low water temperatures during 1976-1977 (Pigure 2).

Decreased impingement during December-February, with even cold'er water temperatures, suggests that this earlier natural mortality may have severely reduced the numbers of threadfin shad available for impingement.

The.failure of clupeid impingement as well as standing stock to increase to usual levels the following summer suggests that exceptionally high natural mortality of fish the previous winter resulted in much reduced levels of recruitment during the spring.

Thus, the low impingement of clupeids in late summer 1977 probably reflects low abundance of threadfin shad in Wheeler Reservoir.

Higher impingement during the night, may be the result of (1) diel changes in the distributions of these species in the reservoir (e.g.,

shoreward movement during the night) causing the fish to become more abundant in the intake area during nocturnal periods and/or (2) decreased ability to avoid the intake during the'hours of darkness.

Excessive heterogeneity among replicates used to statistically examine the difference between day and night impingement accentuates the highly variable and sporadic nature of impingement.

This probably reflects the contagious distributional nature of these species in the geservoir.

41 Impingement was fairly uniformly distributed among screens except during the one-unit operational period.

High impingement on the end screen(s) is probably the result of higher density along the intake channel shoreline.

During the one-unit period, the return channel from the cooling towers had not been excavated.

A corner was created by the intake channel shoreline and left side (Unit 1 screens) of the intake pumping station.

These results suggest that for three>>unit operation of Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant, the distribution of fish in the intake channel probably had no significant effect on impingement differences among screens.

For most spec'ies

examined, the intake screens at Browns Ferry primarily impinged young-of-year fish larger than 51 mm in total length.

The absence of smaller'ndividuals probably is due to the size opening of the intake screen.

Smaller fish could be abundant in the intake but would pass through the screens and be entrained with the cooling water.

The predominance'f Juvenile fish in impingement samples is probably a result of several factors:

(1) the greater relative abundance of these age classes in the reservoir (e.g.,

the high impingement of clupeids during late suaaner months is related to the high abundance of )uveniles of this group in the reservoir);

(2) juvenile fish of some species may concentrate in shoreline areas and thus be relatively more susceptible to the intake at Browne Ferry Nuclear Plant; and (3) )uveniles are weaker swimmers than adults of the same species and thus are more likely to be impinged given similar exposure levels.

For three dominant species (skip)ack herring, channel catfish, and freshwater drum) which exhibited high impingement levels compared to estimated

'I standing stock, relative as well as total impingement for the third period was less than or similar to that for the first period.

This suggests that impingement

42 at Srowns Ferry Nuclear Plant was not directly related to standing stock or intake water flow for these species.

White bass also showed lowest relative impingement during the third period despite increased total impingement.

Standing stocks of this species increased over the four-year period (1974-1977).

White crappie and yellow bass showed higher relative impingement during the third than during the first operational period.

The potential for adverse impact from impingement for white crappie appears to be minimized by the fact the estimated 12-month impingement was actually slightly less for the three-unit than the one-unit operational period.

The estimated impinge-ment for the three-unit operational period probably included fish from the abundant 1975 year class.

Recruitment of white crappie. in Wheeler Reservoir during.1976 was apparently very poor and resulted in high relative impingement for the corresponding operational period.

Although impingement of yellow bass was highest during the three-unit operational period, the large increase in standing stock the following year suggests that impingement did not have an adverse impact on this species.

Mooneye, blue catfish, and black bullhead were infrequently collected in cove rotenone samples; hence, it was difficult to assess the potential for adverse impact due to impingement.

Since these species are routinely collected in other types of sampling and since estimated numbers impinged were small, the possibility of a deleterious effect to the reservoir population appears unlikely.

Sunfish impingement increased approximately fourfold from the first to the third operational period.

Except for green sunfish, the standing stock estimates were much greater in 1976 than in 1974.

The proportion standing stock removed by impingement was low (< 1 percent} for all periods.

Expansion of

43 cove densities of sugfish to reservoir density by the method used here probably produces an overestimate of reservoir standing stock.

However, it is expected

that, except for green sunfish, adgusting the standing stock to only the productive areas of the reservoir would show impingement to be less than 1

percent of the standing stock.

CONCLUSIONS Nearly all species in Wheeler Reserv'oir, excluding some darters and

shiners, were collected from the Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant intake screens at least once since 1974.

For the 42 species impinged at rates estimated to be one fish or less per day, the potential for an adverse impact is low.

None of these species is present in such low numbers that the removal of up to 365 fish per year would adversely affect their populations.

Thirteen of the remaining 30 species were impinged at rates estimated to exceed one fish per day but in numbers which represent less than 1 percent of the estimated reservoir standing stock:

All of these species arc common to the Tennessee Valley and, except for bluegill and redear sunfish, less than 10,000 fish per year of each species were estimated to be impinged.

For these l

species this level of impingement is not considered sufficient to cause an adverse imp'act to the respective populations in Wheeler Reservoir.

Furthermore, although bluegill and redear sunfish were impinged in high numbers, compared to the estimated standing stock this lose.(< O.l percent for bluegill.and

< 0.5 percent for redear) appears to be negligible in'terms of impact to their populations.

r Five of the remaining 17 species which were impinged at rates exceeding 1 percent of the estimated standing stock for at least one 12-month period were

44 rarely collected in cove samples.

Because these species (mooneye, blue catfish, black and brown bullhead, and black crappies) are common in Tennessee Valley waters and were impinged at rates estimated to be less than three individuals per day, impingement is not considered to have the potential for adverse impact.

The remaining 12 species were impi'nged. in numbers exceeding 1 percent of their estimated standing stocks.

Among these, standing stock data for skipgack herring and gizzard shad did not reveal any effect of plant operation on their. population levels in Wheeler Reservoir.

For both species the proportion of standing stock impinged was least in the third period when standing stock estimates were highest.

At the end of three years of operation and monitoring, these populations do not appear to have been adversely affected by the Browns Ferry Plant.

The much reduced standing stock of threadfin shad in 1977 reflects the effect of low temperature rather than any effect of the intake't is exnected that the recovery of this species will be independent of plant operation.

It is very unlikely that the impingement of 1,134 carp per year would pose an adverse impact to this population.

Similarly, silver chub, a

species commonly impinged throughout much of the Tennessee Valley, was collected in sufficiently low numbers to preclude the possibility of an adverse impact to the Wheeler Reservoir population.

Channel catfish densities are probably poorly. estimated.

by cove rotenone sampling.

This species appears to be more characteristic of the main-stream portion of the reservoirs.

Standing stock numbers increased through-out the three years of monitoring and annual impingement did not increase appreciably from the first to the third operational period (maximum 25,000 ish),

therebv demonstrating the absence of adverse impact.

45 The increased impingement of white bass from the first to.the third period may be due to both'ncreased plant operation and increased abundance.

E The density of this fish is also probably underestimated, by cove rotenone since it is a pelagi.c species more characteristic of the open reservoir.

Since the standing stock of white bass increased from 1976 to 1977 despite impingement of 51,000 individuals of the 1976 standing stock, impingement of white bass does,not constitute an adverse impact.

The Yellow bass population probably experienced no adverse impact from impingement.

Although increasing impingement coupled with decreasing standing stock estimates during the monitoring period resulted in a maximum stock removal of 11.22 percent for all ages combined, the very high standing stock of young-of-year in 1977 probably precludes an adverse impact.

Green sunfish showed a trend. of increasing impingement and decreasing standing stock which resu1ted in greatest potential for impact during the third period of three-unit operation.

However, neither the total number impinged nor the proportion of standing stock impinged is expected to adversely affect this population.

The decreasing trend in green sunfish standing stocks was continuous from 1969 through 1976.

Additionally, the increased standing stock in 1977 indicates that the impingement has not adversely affected this population.

White crappie were probably greatly underestimated by cove 'sampling.

The impingement of up to 8,000 individuals per year is not expected to represent an adverse impact to the Wheeler Reservoir white crappie population.

Similarly, the removal of up to 3,700 sauger per year is not expected to adversely affect the reservoir population.

Freshwater drum impingement appears to be more related to standing stock than to the level of plant opera'tion.

Since the proportion of drum stocks

46 re'moved by impingement and 'the annual impingement has not increased through-out the years of plant operntlon; the puHsihiltty of an adverse impact IH unlikely.

ln summary, the overall impingement of fish at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant does not appear to represent an adverse environmental impact to the Wheeler Reserv i~ fish community.

LITERATURE CITED Hollander, hf., and D. A. Wolfe.

1973.

Nonparametric statistical methods.

John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

503 pp.

Sokal, R. R., and F. S. Bohlf.

1969.

Biometry.

W. H. Freeman and

Company, San Francisco, California.

776 pp.

P I)

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TABLE OF. CONTENTS

~Pa e Entrainment l.

Introduction 2.

Methods and Materials 3.

Results and Discussion 4.

Summary 13 22 Im in ement l.

Introduction 2.

Methods 3.

Results 4.

Discussion 39 5.

Conclusions 43

EFFECTS OF ENTRAINMENT AT BROWNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT ON THE POPULATIONS OF FISH IN WHEELER RESERVOIR January 1978 K

Division of Forestry, Fisheries, and Wildlife Development Fisheries and Wate'rfowl Resources, Branch

e p ~

CHAPTER 1.

'NTRODUCTION Steam-electric power plants by virtue of their withdrawal and heating of large volumes of water create a potential'adverse ecological impact to fish populations.

More specifically, fish eggs and larvae are entrained in cooling water and may suffer mortality from one or more physical effects of passage through the plant.

The construction of Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant by TVA prompted the investigation of preoperational characteristics and dynamics of the annual ichthyoplankton populations in Wheeler Reservoir.

With the knowledge that fish reproduction involves the hatching and release of large numbers of ichthyoplankters into the 'water column, the need to estimate and or quantify the loss above that of natural mortality due-to plant entrainment was. identified;-

1.1 Ob ectives This report summarizes the results'f seven years (1971-1977) of ichthyoplankton sampling in Wheeler Reservoir in the vicinity of Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant and four years (1974-1977) of operational entrainment sampling in the plant intake basin.

The overall investigation was designed with the purpose of collecting base-line preoperational data from Wheeler Reservoir which could

be compared to data collected during plant operation.

More specifically, the objectives of the investigation were:

1.

To define the annual patterns and fluctuations in density of the ichthyoplankton community near and/or transported by the plant.

2.

To determine the species composition and relative abundance of the various taxa comprising the ichthyoplankton.

3.

To define temporal. distribution of fish eggs and larvae in order to define periods of greatest plant entrainment.

4.

To describe spatial distribution of ichthyoplankton near the plant in relation to the normal zone of influence of the cooling water intake and the relative vulnerability of the various taxa to entrainment.

5.

To estimate the numbers and relative abundance of the various taxa actually being entrained during plant operation.

6.

To relate the densities and relative abundance of ichthyoplankton estimated to be entrained wi'th those occurring in the reservoir in order to determine and assess the impact of this entrainment on the fish community of Wheeler Reservoir.

1.2 Location and General Site Characteristics Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant is located in Limestone County in northern Alabama on the north bank of Wheeler Reservoir at Tennessee River Mi1e (TRM) 294 (Figure 1).

Wheeler Reservoir was impounded in 1936 and at full pool covers 27,154 hectares and contains a

volume of approximately 132,000 hectare-meters.

1.3 Ph sical and 0 erational Characteristics Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant consists of three separate units with a total generating capacity of 3,456 megawatts.

Units 1-3 were placed in commercial operation sequentially on August 1, 1974; March 1, 1975; and September 12, 1976, respectively.

No power was generated from March 22,

1975, to September 1,

1976.

At full operating capacity (open mode or once-through cooling),

Browns Ferry has a total condenser flow of 123 m3/s.

Nhsehr Darn (TRN 275) l 1

, l TRM 286 I

r ARM 293 BroNQ FGfrg Rant (Tag2s4 r/

J TRM,298 tTRM MS)

%HEELER RESERVOIR Decatur Figure 1.

Larval fish sample transects and location of Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant on Wheeler Reservoir

CHAPTER 2 METHODS AND MATERIALS Ichthyoplankton sampling began on Wheeler Reservoir in April 1971.

Samples were collected at four reservoir transects (Figure 1) in 1971 and 1972.

Beginning in 1973, the Elk River transect was omitted and the downstream transect at TRM 286 was moved to TRM 288.

The intake basin was added as a sampling station in 1974 concurrent with initial plant operation.,

To condense and more adequately analyze (with respect to plant entrainment) seven years of reservoir and four years of intake data, this report will summarize only the results of data from the upstream (TRM 298),

and plant (TRM 293)'ransects, and the plant intake.

2' Reservoir Sam lin Reservoir samples were collected throughout the seven-year period with a stern-towed net (0.79 mm mesh) fitted to a circular frame 1 meter in diameter.

Water volume filtered with each sample was estimated by a flowmeter attached in the center of the net mouth.

All tows were five minutes in duration and filtered approximately 430 m.

Towing speed ranged from 0.8-1.2 m/s.

At each transect, paired tows (one upstream and one downstream) were made in each of the following three strata:

1 ~

Shoreline-surface.

Samples were taken as near the shore as possible in overbank areas of 2-4 m depth.

With the boat underway during deployment and retrieval of the net, only the upper 1 meter of the water column was sampled'

2 ~

Channel-surface.

The upper 1 meter of the midchannel area was sampled in order to define pelagic distribution of ichthyoplankters

~

3 ~

Channel 5-meter depth.

By use of a depressor, the net was fished in the midchannel at a depth of 5 meters to determine distribution and abundance of larvae at this depth.

Channel-surface and channel-5~

samples were taken at approximately the same location at each transect.

Bottom depth at midchannel was typically 3-.12.m.

Sampling was on a weekly basis (see Table 1) throughout the study, and except for a few initial day samples in 1971, all reservoir sampling was at night until 1976.

In 1976 and 1977 the plant transect (TRM 293) was sampled both day and night in order to provide diel data for comparison with intake samples which were also taken during both day and night.

Sampling was initiated annually in mid-March except for the first two years (1971 and 1972) when the first samples were taken on April 27 and May 1, respectively.

Weekly sampling was continued through July or August when larvae were collecte'd in very low numbers, revealing that spawning activity for fishes in this area had ceased.

Table 1 lists sample periods and corresponding dates for each year (1971-77)

~

2' Intake Sam lin The intake basin was sampled weekly during both day and night beginning on April 4, 1974.

Sampling gear consisted of a 3 x 3 matrix of 0.5 m diameter stationary nets suspended from a cable spanning the basin at a point 100 m from the face of the intake structure (Figure 2).

Table 1.

Sample dates for reservoir (plant transect), and plant intake 1971-77 at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant.

Intake samples were taken only during the period 1974-77 synchronous with plant operation.

Sample Period 1971 1972 1973 Sample Date 1974 1975 1976 1977 4-26 5-3 5-10 5-17 5-26 5-1 5-8 5-15 5-24 5-31 3-27 4-3 4-11 4-17 4-24 3-22*

3-28 4-4 4-10 4-18 3-18 3-25 4-1 4-15 4-22

.3-25 4-1 4-8 4-15 4-22 3-16 3-23 3-30 4-6 4-13

.7 6-1 6-9 6-14 6-13 6-19 5-8 5-15 6-6'- 1 4-24 5-1 5>> 8 4-29 5-6 5-15 4-29 4-19 5-13 5-4 5-6 '-27 10 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 6-23 6-29 7-5 7-12 7-19 7-26 8-2 8-18 8-30 6-29 7-6 8-2 5-25 5-29 6-5 6-12 6-23 6-27 7-3 5-15 5-23 5-29 6-7 6-13 6-19 6-26 7-3 7-10 7-17 5-27 6-3 6-10 6-17 6-24 7-1 7-8 7-15 7-22, 7-29 5-20 5-27 6-3 6-10 6-17 6-24 7-1 7-8 7-15 7-22 5-11 5-18 5-26 6-2 6-9 6-15 6-22 6-29*

7-7*

7-13 7-'20 7-27 8-3 8-10 8-17 8-24 No intake samples taken.

MECHANICAL DRAFT COOL1NG TOWERS 0

SCALE 500 IOOO ft 0

100 200 300 m DISC HARGE CONTROL WIER PLANT J).IIII I)ll (I

':,:: Il

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':::.I I GATE IB

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ilI

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GATE 2 "':::,

~ DIFFUSER PIPES

~MTAKE LARVAL STATION INTAKE STRUCTURE SKIMMER WALL AND GATE 3 WHEELER RESERVOIR Figure P.: Layout of Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant

The three rows of nets were fished at 0.5 m, mid-depth, and near bottom (6-9 m), respectively.

Nets were fished for two hours with the exception of a few sample periods in 1977 when three-unit plant operation and associated high intake velocities necessitated reduction in sampling duration to one hour.

During two sample periods in 1977 (16 and 17) samples were not taken or not quantifiable because of insufficient intake velocity during closed-mode operation of the plant ~

Flowmeters were also mounted in intake nets to estimate volume filtered during each sample.

'.3 Laborator Anal sis Samples were preserved in the field in 10 percent Formalin and returned to the laboratory for sorting, enumeration, and mesurement.

Eggs and fish were identified to the lowest possible taxon using polarixed stereo microscopy and available taxonomic keys (e.g., Hogue et al.

1976, May and Gassaway 1967, Taber 1967).

Level of identification depended upon the taxon in question, developmental

stage, and condition of the specimen.

Mutilated specimens were termed "unidentified" while those identifiable only to family level were termed "unspecified."

2.4 Anal sis of Data Reservoir Catch data from reservoir and intake-samples were converted 3

to numbers per 1,000 m

of water filtered.

Densities were thus estimated for each of the three strata at two reservoir transects once

weekly,

10 Calculation of egg and larval transport past the plant (1974-77) was based on densities from the plant transect only.

A cross-sectional profile of the plant transect was subdivided to calculate the ratio of shoreline or overbank

( <3 m depth) area to=open water or channel

(>3 m depth) area.

Station weighting factors (0.22 shoreline, 0.78 channel) were multiplied by corresponding station densities to arrive at a weighted mean transect density for each sample period.

Data from both channel strata (surface and 5 m) sampled were combined to calculate the weighted density for the channel or open water station.

Intake Individual intake samples were averaged to. provide overall intake densities for each sample period.

The proportion of the transported ichthyofauna entrained by the plant was estimated by family and also for total eggs and larvae by sample period from the equation:

x~x 100 Di Ai Dr gr 3

where Di mean density (N/1,000 m ) of eggs or larvae in intake samples; Dr weighted mean density (N/1,000 m )

3 of eggs or larvae in the reservoir (plant transect);

gi ~ intake water demand (m /day);

3 3

Qr ~ reservoir flow (m /day).

Reservoir flows at the plant transect for each sample period were estimated based on the upstream and downstream hydroelectric releases and tributary inflow.

Intake water demand was established from known rating (833 m /minute each) of condenser circulating pumps.

Number of pumps operating

during each sample period was recorded.

Table 2 lists 24-hour reservoir 3

6 (Qr) and intake. (Qi) f1ows (m

x 10 ) and proportion hydraulic entrainment (Qi/Qr)

Total seasonal entrainment by family and also for eggs and larvae for all species combined was estimated from number vs time curves for both intake and reservoir (plant transect) samples.

The areas under tnese curves are estimates of total numbers entrained and total numbers passing the plant.

The ratio of these two numbers is a

proportion or, multiplied by 100, a percentage of the ichthyofauna transported past the 'plant annually which is entrained.

Table 2.

Reservoir (Q ) and intake volumes (Qi) flows (m

x 10 ) at Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant 1974-77.

3 6

r Flows are 24-hour totals.

Q /Q proportion hydraulic entrainment.

i r Sampling Period Qr 1974 Qi/Q 1975 1976 Qr Qi i r r

i Qi Qr 1977 Q,/Q, 10

95. 91

8. 39

0. 087 87.10 10.79 0.123 185.19 5.99 0.032 595.07 4.80 0.008 136.53 2.39 0.017 267.44 3.59 0.013 484.23 5.99 0.012 199.66

2. 39 0.011 290. 19

5. 59

0. 019 126.74 3.59 0.028 124.54 3.59 0.028 138.98 3.59 0.025 125.27 3.59 0.028

80. 74

2. 39

0. 029 46.24 3.59 0.077 511.88 10.79 0.021 48.44 5.99 0.123 189.87 9.59 0.050 46.73

5. 99 0.128 119. 65

8. 39 0.070 37.68 8.39 0.222 118.76 9.59 0.080 105. 21

5. 99

0. 056 114. 75

3. 59

0. 031 132.61 3.59 0.027 59.94 3.59 0.059

95. 67

l. 20

0. 012

98. 85

1. 20

0. 012 98.85 9.59 0.097 95.91 10.79 0.112 38.17 7.19 0.188 91.75 7.19 0.078 52.11 8.39 0.161

0. 139 I

0. 130 151.70 3.59 0.023 143.14 3.79 0.026 77.56 10.79

82. 54

10. 79 161.49 3.59 0.022 103.25 5.99 0.058 106.43 7.19 0.067 504.05 7.19 0.014 120.63 2.39 0.019 296.06 7.19 0.024 12 13 14 16 17 127.97 3.59 0.028 97.80 8.39 0.085 85.39 7.19 0.048 117.69 5.99 0.050 169.32 5.99 0.035 95.42 7.19 0.075 103.99 3.59 0.034 101.05 7.59

.0.075 104.48 4.79 0.045 124.30 3.59 0.028 130.90 7.06 0.053 118.91 8.39 0.070 115.00 3.59 0.031 117.93 8.39 0.071 117.69

- 7.19 0.061 72.42 3.59 0.049 118.18 5.99 0.050 151.46 7.19 0.047

88. 08 66.06

78. 05

7. 19 2

2

0. 081

76. 83 10.79 0.140 73.65

10. 79

0. 146 92.98 9.59 0.103 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 125. 27 1

92. 98 1

8. 39

0. 090

5. 99

0. 047.

119. 89

8. 39

0. 069

90. 04

5. 99

0. 066

90. 77 1

5:99

0. 065

60. 68

7. 19

0. 118

70. 71

9. 59

0. 135 73.40 9.59 0.130

48. 93

10. 79

0. 220 48.44 9.59 0.197

62. 39 9.59

0. 153 39.15 10.79

0. 275 1

Larval fish and flow data not collected for these periods.

2.

No samples taken due to helper mode (period 16) and closed mode (period 17') operation bv plant.

CHAPTER 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

'3.1 Occurrence and Relative Abundance of Taxa

~Es Fish eggs drifting in the water column in Wheeler Reservoir

'I Drum eggs are characteristically semibuoyant, nonadhesive, and spawned in the limnetic area of the reservoir.

They are thus vulnerable to capture by a towed net as well as entrainment in the condenser cooling water of a steam plant ~

Two other types of fish eggs (i.e., clupeid and unidentified) were occasionally collected in the Wheeler Reservoir ichthyoplankton samples.

In this report, fish eggs of all species are combined for the purpose of estimating of numbers transported and entrained.

Larvae Seven years of ichthyoplankton sampling in Wheeler Reservoir have yielded fish larvae from 14 families'dentification beyond the family level varies by family because of the lack of available keys and an adequate series of reference specimens as taxonomic aids.

Seasonal totals and relative abundance of larvae by taxon and year for two reservoir (1971-77) transects (plant TRM 293 and upstream TRN 298) and the intake basin (1974-77) are presented in Appendix A. 'he ichthyo-plankton in both the reservoir and intake samples was consistently dominated (80-98 percent) by clupeids (shad).

Other significant taxa

(>1.0 percent of the total number collected) were catastomids (suckers),

cyprinids (minnows and carp), sciaenids (drum),

and percichthyids (white and yellow basses)

~

Temporal distribution of ichthyoplankton since plant operation (1974-77) for the plant and upstream transects and the intake is illustrated in Appendix B for eggs and larvae (all species combined).

Weekly densities (1974-77) at the plant transect and in the intake-are plotted together for the major families of fish larvae in Appendix C.

Greater density of ichthyoplankters typically occurs in early to mid-June; however,, in 1977 peak densities (23,000-36,000/100 m3) were reached on April 27 (upstream transect) and May 4 (plant transect and intake).

More detailed descriptions of distribution of larvae in Wheeler Nuclear Plant Prep erational Re ort (Figures 7'-7.12, TVA 1977)

~

3.2 Entrainment Estimates of plant entrainment are presented and discussed for each of the four operational sampling seasons (1974-77) separately.

For each year, estimates of total entrainment (i.e.,

eggs and larvae for all species combined) are the ratio of estimated numbers entrained to numbers transported, both by sample period and for the entire season.

f Similarly, estimates of the proportion entrained for major families is discussed in the light of periods of greatest vulnerability and potential for selective entrainment.

~3.2.1 E

s 1974 k

Fish egg densities first became abundant in sample period 7, 3

peaked in period 14 at approximately 700/1,000 m (Appendix B), and

15 remained abundant throughout the remainder of the samples.

Intake samples demonstrated a similar pattern of fish egg occurrency;

however, during sample periods 13-18, egg densities were considerably higher in the intake (5-20 times) than those observed at the plant transect.

Egg density peaked at more than 5,000/1,000 m 'during 3.

period 16.

As a result of the extremely high intake densities, entrainment of fish eggs by the plant was estimated to be 13.3 percent (Table 3 )

9.,

8 based on an estimated 3.45 x 10 eggs transported and 4.59 x 10 entrained.

1975 Fish eggs in 1975 were considerably less abundant in the intake basin than in 1974.

Densities fluctuated greatly in the intake 3

and peaked at 440/1,000 m

on sample period 10'eservoir densities were, in contrast to 1974, greater than intake densities, peaking at 1,860/1,000 m

on period 12.,

Estimated entrainment of 3

fish eggs in 1975 was 1.3 percent (Table 3) with a total number transported of 3.85 x 10 and number entrained of 5.04 x 10 9

7 1976 Pish eggs reached peak density of almost 3,400/1,000 m

at 3

the plant transect on sample period 8.

Densities were also high 3

(>1,000/1,000 m ) on periods 10 and ll, but were considerably lower throughout the rest of the season.

Egg density in thy

'ntake basin peaked later on period 13 at 1,115/1,000 m

and was also I

relatively low during the remainder of the season.

Estimated entrainment of fish eggs was 3.8 percent (Table 3) in 1976 with a total number transported of 3.82 x 10 and total number entrained of 1.43 x 10 9

8

16 Table 3.

Annual entrainment

(%)" of fish eggs and'arvae by family at Srowns Ferry Nuclear'Plant'rom 1974-77.

Estimated.'Percent Entrainment Family 1974 1975 1976 1977 Unidentified'ggs Clupeidae eggs Sciaenid'ae eggs Unidentified fish Polyodont'idee Clupeidae Hiodontidae Esocidae Cyprinidae

'atostomida'e Ictaluridae Cyprinodontidae Percichthyidae 0,. ~

Ce'ntrar'chid'ae

~

~

Pere'idae Sciaenidae Athe'rinidae 3.6 0.0"'4.'6" 0.5 0

1.0

'.5 0.0

';"4 0'3 12.8 0.0 1'. 0 4.9.

0'0;4

0. 8" R'.7 0.8'.8:

0'2 90;2 0;0.

0,'8'.7~

1'. 2.

7.6 1.6

';9 0.7 0.

0-'".4 0,0i 1;3 4". 2 R.

8;3 2.8';8 3.1

.3.

2.3 10.'3 0". 0 12.1 1.2 0.0 4.8.

4.5 29.0 0;0 15.6 4.8'4.

6 6.1 Total Eggs Total Fish 13.3 1'.0'.3 3.3 3.8 6.3 2.3 11.7 Nean Hydraulic Entrainment 3'Q 4.4 8.4 12.0

I Collected in intake sa'mples'ut not in reservo'ir (plant transect)

samples, entrainment estimate no't possible.

R Collected in reserv'oir (plant transect) samples but not in intake sample's, entrainment estimate'd as effectively zero.

17 1977 Reservoir egg density at the plant transect showed a sharp 3

peak of almost 3,500/1,000 m

on sample period 10.

Densities in the intake showed no distinct peak but were 3

between 325-355/1,000 m

on four separate sample periods.

Egg entrainment in 1977 was estimated at 2.3 percent based on a total 9

transported number of'6.44 x 10 and a total number entrained of 1.49 x 10 8 Discussion The high (13.3 percent) estimated entrainment for fish eggs in 1974 when only one unit at Browns Ferry was operational and hydraulic entrainment was relatively low (~5.0 percent) warrants further discuss'ion.

It seems likely, in view of the high observed densities in the intake compared to densities at the plant transect, that eggs must have'een spawned in considerable numbers in or near the intake basin.

This phenomenon was also observed at TVA's Cumberland Steam Plant in 1975 (TVA 1977 b) ~

This condition has not been observed again at Browns Ferry since 1974 even though the level of plant operation along with

~ hydraulic entrainment and intake velocity has increased.

It is speculated that conditions were favorable in 1974 for spawning drum to be attracted to or near the plant intake resulting in the release of large numbers of eggs into the cooling water-source.

18 3.2.2 Larvae 1974 Larval densities at the plant transect did not exhibit a well defined peak in 1974 (Appendix B).

A maximum density of about 1,950/1,000 m3 was observed on sample period 12.

Intake larval densities also were highest on period 12 (approximately 1,050/1,000 m ) and tended to be 3

lower than reservoir densities throughout the sample period.

An estimated 1.3 percent (Table 3) of total larvae transported were entrained in 1974.

10 The estimates for total numbers transported and entrained were 1.27-x 10 X

and 1.25 x 10, respe'ctively.

8 Entrainment analysis by family (Table 3) showed two families with an estimated seasonal entrainment of more than 2 percent (Ictaluridae 12.8 percent and Sciaenidae 4.9 percent).

Ictalurid larvae were collected in low numbers in both intake (32) and plant transect (6) samples.

Sciaenid (drum) larvae were collected in greater numbers at the intake (1310) than at the J

plant transect (613).

As a consequence, drum constituted more than 10 percent of the intake catch but only 2.percent for the plant -transect.

Clupeids, the abundant family of ichthyoplankters, constituted 80 percent of the catch at both the intake and plant transect.

Only 1 percent of t'e total number (1.01 x 10

) of clupeids passing the plant in 1974 was estimated to be 10 entrained.

1975 Ichthyoplankton density peaked at more than 10,000/1,000 m3 during sample period 12 at the plant transect.

One week later (period 13),

density in the intake peaked at 6,650/1000 m

During these two 3

19

.I sample periods, hydraulic entrainment reached its highest (8.5 and 7.5

-percent, respectively; Table 2) levels since initial plant operation.

Seasonal entrainment for all fish larvae in 1975 was estimated to be 3.3 percent (Table 3) or 7.7 x 10 of an estimated 2.3 x 10 8

10 passing the plant.

t Four families (Clupeidae, Ictaluridae, Centrarchidae, Sciaenidae) were estimated to have been entrained at levels greater than the seasonal total (3.3 percent) for all larvae.

Clupeids were again the most abundant taxon collected at the plant transect and intake (93 and 97 percent of total larvae, respectively}.

For the season 3.7 percent of the transported clupeids were entrained.

They reached a peak density of 3

6,600/1,000 m

in the intake samples on period 13, coinciding with

'maximum hydraulic entrainment.

High estimated ictalurid entrainment (90 percent) was a result of 42 specimens collected in intake samples and only one at the plant transect.

This unexpected selective entrainment for ictalurids probably, as in the case of sciaenid eggs in 1974, is the result of either ictalurid spawning in or near the intake basin or unrepresentative data.

Centrarchid larvae (crappie and sunfish) were also collected in higher'umbers in the intake (255) than at the plant transect (90) and are thought to spawn on the rip-rapped sides of the intake basin.

Entrainment of centrarchids was estimated to be 8.7

.percent of the total numbers transported in 1975.

Larval entrainment of sciaenids (drum) was estimated at 7.6 percent in 1975, compared to 4.9 percent (Table 5) in 1974; Sciaenid density in the intake reached 117/1,000 m. on period 10 but was never higher than 23/1,000 m

3 3

~'

20 (Appendix C) at the plant transect.

These densities were based on tot'als of 629 and 221 drum larvae collected at the intake and plant transect, respectively.

1976 Larval density at the plant transect in 1976 reached a maximum 3

of 7,500/1,000 m

on period 8; however, for the intake samples the 3

maximum density of 7,000/1,000 m 'as not recorded until five weeks 1'ater on period 13.

Total numbers of larvae transported in 1976 were 10 9

estimated'o be 1 ~ 9 x 10 and numbers entrained 1.3 x 10 '

This yielded an estimate of 6.3 percent plant entrainment for 1976 'ydraulic entrainment was also higher in 1976, reaching 22 and 19 percent on sample periods 7 and 8, respectively.

The average hydraulic entrainment throughout the 1976 sampling season was 8.4 percent, compared to 3.0 and 4.4 in 1974 and 1975, respectively.

Total ichthyoplankton entrainment was typically dominated by clupeid entrainment which was 6.4 percent in 1976.

Peak clupeid density in the intake (7,000/1,000 m

period 13), however, did 3

not coincide with peak plant hydraulic entrainment (22 percent on period 7)'.

Ictalurid entrainment decreased from 90.2 percent to 4.2 percent in 1976 (Table 3 ) as a result of similar absolute numbers of larvae collected at both the intake (35) and plant transect (22).

Percichthyid 1arvae (white and yellow basses) were estimated to be entrained at a rate of 8.3 percent in 1976.

Peak intake density (92/1,000 m ) of percichthyids coincided with peak hydraulic entrainment (22 percent Table 2) on sample period 7

3 and was similar to the plant transect density of 100/1,000 m

on the same date

~

All other families were estimated to be entrained at levels less than that of total 1'arvae (6.3 percent) in 1976.

21 1977 Ichthyoplankton samples during three-unit ooeration were first collected in 1977.

Hydraulic entrainment ranged from 2.0 (period 4) to 27.5 '(neriod 24) nercent (Table 2) with an average of 12.0 oercent during the period larval samnles were collected.

The estimate of 11.7 percent total entrainment was derived from a total transported population of 10 9

3.2 x 10 larvae and a total entrainment of 3.7 x 10 Larval density for all species combined peaked'imultaneously at the intake (24,000/1,000 m ) and plant transect (17,000/1,000 m ) on sample 3

3 period 8 (Appendix 8).

Hydraulic entrainment during period 8 was 10 percent (Table 2), while larval entrainment for all species combined was es'timated to be 13 percent.

The three most abundant families (Appendix A) from 1977 intake and plant transect samples and their respective entrainment estimates were:

Clupeidae, 12.1 percent; Catostomidae, 4.5 percent; Sciaenidae, 6;1 percent.

Three

families, each comprising less than 1 percent of the total. larvae collected at the'ntake and plant transect, yielded entrainment estimates greater than ll percent.

These three families and their resnective entrainment estimates were:

Ictaluridae, 29.0 nercent:

Percichthvidae, 15.6 percent;

Percidae, 14.6 percent.

~fore ictalurid larvae were. again collected in the intake (63) than at the plant transect (10), resulting in the higher than average entrainment estimate.

This same phenomenon was observed with percichthvid and percMs (Appendix A).

22 Rummarv Total annual percent fish entrainment increased over the four year period from 1.0 to 11.7 percent.

Total annual egg entrainment decreased significantly from the initial high value in 1974; this high value immediately outside the intake basin, rather than entrainment of transported eggs.

Taxa which exhibited consistent increases in entrainment percentage over the. period of study were generally those known to be widely distributed in the water column and essentially planktonic, e.g.,

Clupeidae, Perciahthidae,

'Cyprinidae and Percidae.

One exception to this is seen in 'the Sciaenidae, which reached a peak entrainment percentage in 1975.

Taxa which did not exhibit the general increasing trend 'in entrainment percentage were those which have nest-inhabiting or parental-care characteristics in early life (Ictaluridae, Centrarchidae) and which therefore are unlikely to be as planktonic or uniformly distributed as. are the ma)ority of taxa.

The high percentages noted for ictalurids are probably the result of ineffective sampling for the taxon in the reservoir and to this generally low numbers in the total ichthyoplankton.

Ictalurids tend to be distributed in the lower strata of open waters and are never an important numerical constituent of the ichthyoplankton.

Because of the low numbers involved in both reservoir transect and intake samples, any variation in catch causes a high variation in entrainment percent.

23 In terms of experience gained at other power plants, the high value of total fish entrainment obtained for 1977 was unexpected.

Because, except at very early stages, fish larvae are not truly planktonic, fish entrainment percentages are generally lower than the corresponding percentages for hydraulic entrainment; this phenomenon was noted for the first three years (Table 3).

The reasons for the 1977 occurrence are not known, but may be associated with hydraulic conditions with less than optimal sampling efficiency and with the simplistic model used for estimating entrainment percentage.

The model used to calculate estimated entrainment percentages assumes equal flow and velocity in all strata and areas.

The sampling technique used to estimate reservoir abundance did not sample all strata equally; an improved stratified sampling procedure is being implemented in 1978 to solve this problem.

Because of system and methodology variability, and the fact that 1977 was an uncharacteristic year in terms of the timing of peak densities of ichthyoplankton, an additional year of improved and intensified sampling and analysis will be carried out to better define fish entrainment estimates, and assess the potential impacts of plant entrainment on the fisheries I

resources of /Reeler Reservoir.

24 LITERATURE CITED Hogue, J. J.,

R. Wallus, and L. K. Kay.

1976.

Prelimin~ guide to the identification of larval fishes in the Tennessee River.

Technical Note B19.

Fisheries and. Waterfowl Resources

Branch, TVA.

66 pp.

Rqr, E.

G. and C. R. Gasaway.

1967.

A preliminary key to the identification of larval fishes of Oklahoma, with particular reference to Canton Reservoir, including a selected bibliography.

Okla. Dept. Wild..

Conserv.

Research Lab. Report No. 5.

Taber, C.

1967.

The distribution and identification of larval fish in the Buncombe Creek Arm of Lake Texoma with some observations in spawning habits and. relative abundance.

Ph.D. dissertation,'University of Oklahoma, Norman.

Tennessee Valley Authority.

1977 316(a) and..316(b)

Demonstration Cumberland Steam Plant; Volume 5: Effects of the Cumberland, Steam Plant Cooling Water Intake on the Fish Populations of Barkley Reservoir.

1977.

Browns Ferry Nuclear Plant Preoperatio'nal Fisheries Report.

Division of Forestry, Fisheries and, Wildlife Development.

APPENDIX A SEASONAL TOTAL NUMBERS AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF LARVAE BY TAXON AND YEAR (1971-1977)

TQTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE (i)

BROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=71 AREANAH=PLANT SPEC)ES 1aoooaoo 1aeooooo 1.0601003

- 106Q4007 10604008 10801002 11100000 I 11008 04 I 1100805 111050)2 I 1125000 11125073 11200000 11200802 11301000 11301002 11301009 I 1303032 I 2201802 123L0v'00

, 12307000 1-23070 17 123G8QOO 12309000 12400802 125Q)001 TAXQN UN IDENT IF IED F I SH CL UPE IDAE ALOSA CHR YSOCHLOR I 5 DO ROSOHA CE P EO IANUH DORQSOHA PETE%ENSE HI ODOM TERGI 5 JS CYPRINIDAE P IHEPHALES GROUP ATHERINOIDES GROUP CY PRINUS CARP I 0 NO TROP I 5 SP

~

NOTROP IS ATHERINO IDES CATOSTOH IDAE IC TIOBUS-CARPI ODES GROUP ICTALURUS SP ICTALURUS FUR~ATUS I C TALURUS PUN TAT U 5 PYLQDICTIS OLIVAR15 HORQNE (NOT SAXATI LIS )

C EN1 RARCH I DA E LEPOHI 5 SP LEPOHIS HACROCHIRUS Hl CRQPTERUS SP POHQXIS SP UNIDENTIFIED OARTER (NOT STIZOSTEDION)

APLODINOTUS GRUNN lENS TOT F ISH 768 361857 13 9%

171 /

9 4653 260

'268 43 7

11 5

3 1

3 28 1

1071 8

67%

182.

53 2677 REL ABUN 0

21 96 o69 0 ~ 00 0 ~ 03 o.46 0

00 I ~ 24 0 07 0 ~ 07 0 001 0 ~ 00 0

00 0 ~ 00 0 000 0

00 a.oo 0 01 0 00 0 ~ 29 0 ~ 00 0 ~ 18 0 ~ 00 Q

00

.0 eol 0 ~ 00 0 72

TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE (i)

BRQMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PL'ANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPEC1ES'RANSECT.

IFISH ONLY)

YEAR=71 AREANAH=UPSTRE AH SPECIES 10000000 10401000 10&OOOOO 1 0601 003 10604000 10604007 I 0604 008 10801002 11100000 11100804 11100805 11105012 11125000 111250 73 11301000 11301009 11303032 12201002 I 2201003 I 2201 802 123008 02

'2307000 123070 17 12308027 12309000 12309029 1 24 00802 12501001 12905002 TAXON

'N IDENTI F I ED F I 5H LEP ISOSTEUS SP CL UP E I DAE ALOSA CHR YSQCHLOR 15 DOROSOHA SP ~

OOROSOHA CEPEDIANUH OOROSOHA PETE%ENSE Hl ODON TERG I 5 JS CYPR INIOAE PIHEPHALES GR3UP ATHERINDI OES "ROUP C'YPR INUS CAR PI 0 NOTROP 15 SP NO TROP ?5 ATHERINO IDES ICTALURUS SP ~

ICTALURUS PUNCTAT.US PYLODICTIS OLIVARIS HORONE CHRYSOP 5 HORONE HI SS I SS I PP I ENS! 5 HORQNE (NOT SLXATILIS)

LEPOHIS OR P0%0XIS LEPOHIS SP LEPOHIS HACROCHIRUS HICROPTERUS SALHO IOES POHO XI5 SP POHOXI5 ANNULARIS UN IDENTlFIED DARTER (NDT ST IZOSTED ION )

APLOOINOTUS GRUNNIENS LABIOESTHE5 SECCULUS TOT F 1 SH 308I 367945 164 238 3837 17 1755 59,5 109 17.I 2

38 7

3 323I 1276 2D 1

43 1

5 1907 1

RELABUN 0 08 0

00 97 ~ 18 0 ~ 00 0 +04 0 oo&

1 ool 0 ~ 00 0 46 0%16 0

03 0 ~ 00 0

00 0 sOO 0 woo 0 F01 0 ~ 00 O.OD 0 00

,0 009 0 000 0

34 0 001 0 moo D 01 0 moo 0 ~ 00 0 ~ 50 0

00

TOTAL NUMBER CAPTURED AND.RELATI'NE ABUNDANCE (4)

BROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAMPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=72 AREANAM=PLANT SPECIES-10000000 10600000 E0601003 1060400 8 10801002 11100000 11105012 11200802 11301002 11301009 11303032 12201802 12300802 12307000 12307017 12309000 12501001 TAXON UH IDENTIFIED FI SH CLUPEIPAE ALQSA CHRYSQCHLORI S DOROSO'%A P ETEHENSE H I QDQN TERG ISUS CY PR IHIDAE CYPR IHLIS CARP IO ICT IOBUS-CARP. lQDES GROUP ICTALURUS FURCATUS ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS PYLODICT I S OL IVARI5 MQRONK (NQT SAXAT)LES)

LEPONIS OR PQMOX IS LEPONIS SP LEPONIS MACRQCH IRUS POMOXIS SP.

APLOD I%QTUS GRUNN I ENS TQT FISH 10 105579 49 299 1

1597 57 1

3 17 1

109 1

233 2

30 1? 37 RELABUN 0 01 96~66 0 04 0 27 0 eaa 1 46 0 005 0 00 o.aa 0 02 0 00 0

10 0 00 0 021 o.oa 0 03 1 13

TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE (4)

B ROMNS FERRY NU CL EAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONk.Y)

YEAR=72

~

AREANAH=UPSTREAH

= SPEC lE5 10000000 1OeOOOOO I 0601003 10604008 10801002 11100000 111050l2.

11200000 I 1301002 11301009 1 2201802 12300802 12307000 12307017 12308000 12309000 12400802 12501001 TAXON

'N IDENTlF IED F I SH CLUPEIOAf ALOSA CHR YSOCALORI S OOROSOHA PET EXPENSE HIODON TERGISUS CYPR INIDAE C YPRINUS CARP I 0 C'ATO 5 TOH I D A E ICTALURUS FURCATUS ICTAl.URUS PUNCTATUS MORONE (NOT SAXATILI5 )

LEPQHIS OR P0%QXIS LEPOHIS SP LEPONIS MACRQCHIRUS HI CROPTERUS SP ~

POHQXIS SP UN IOENTIF I ED DARTER tNOT STI ZOSTED ION )

APLQOINOTUS GRUNNIENS TOT F ISH 13 32829%

118 373 7

2121 41 5

10 22 1196 1

896 3

3 59 76 2157 RELABUN 0 00 97>>88 0

04 0 ll O>>00 0>>63 0 01 0 00 0

00 0 '01 0 ~ 36 0>>00 0

27 0>>00 0>>00 0>>02 0

02 0'>>64

TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED 'AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE BROGANS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971 77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY YEAR=73 AREANAH=PLANT TRANS SP EC IE5 TAXON TOT FISH 10000000 UN ID E 9 T IfI ED F ISH 36 10301001 POLYQDON SPATHULA 1

10600000 CLUPEIDAE 71526 10601003 ALOSA CHRYSOCHLORIS 18 10604000 DOROSQHA SP 75 10604007 DQROS3HA CEPED IANUH 8

10604008 DOROSQHA PETENENSE 410

'0801002 H 1000%

TERG I SU S

-69 11100000 CYPRIRIDAE 842 11105012 C YPR I %US CARPI 0 189 11200000 C ATOSI OHI DAE 7276 11301002 ICTALQRUS FURCATUS 1.

11301009 I CTALQRUS PUNCTATUS 7

~

12201000 HORONE SP ~

361 12307000 LE POHI S SP 140 12308026 HICRQPTERUS PUNCTULATUS I

12308027 HICROPTERUS SALHOIDES 1

12309000 POHOXI 5 SP 88 12309029 POHQXIS ANNULARIS 8

12404077 PERCINA CAPRODES I.68 12405097 STIZQSTEDIQN CANADENSE 13 12501001 APLODINOTUS GRUNNIENS 1092

()

)

RELABUN 0

04 0 00 86 i88 0 02 0 09 0 01 0 50 0 08 1 02 0

23 8 i84 0 +00 0'1 0 44 0

17 0 00 0 00 0

11 0 01 0.20 0 02 1

33

5PEC 10000000 10301001 10600000 10601003 10604000 10604007 10604008 10801002 11100000 11105012 11200000 11209034 11301009 11303032 12201000 12307000 12308027 12309000 12 309029 12400000 12404077 12405097 12501001 12905002 UN) 0 EAT IF I ED F ISH 61 POLYOOON SPATHULA 2

CLUPEIDAE 155293 4 LOSA CHRYSOCHLOR 15 157 DQROSOMA SP 29 DORO53MA CEPED IANUM 43 0 OROSOM A P ET EN ENS E 2118 H IODO1 TERGISUS 47 CYPR I 9 IDAE 1416 CYPRINUS CARPIO 195 CATOS IOMIDAE 5577 M INYTREMA MELANOPS 9D ICTALJRUS PUKCTATUS 10 PYLODICTI5 OLIVAR IS 1

NOROKE SP 325 LEPOMI 5 SP 6'79 MICROPTERUS SALMO)DES 3

POMOXI 5 SP

)24 PQMOXIS ANNULARIS 12 P ERC)i) AE 3

PERC I%A CAPRODFS 254 STIZOSTED ION CANADENSE 46 APLODINQTUS GRUNNIENS 1656 LABIDESTHES SI CCULUS 3

TOTAL NUMBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE BROOKS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAMPLES SY YEAR-SPEClES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY YEAR=73 AREANAM=UPSTREAM TRN I E 5 T AXON TOT F I SH tz)

)

RELABUN 0

04 0.00 92~ 36 0 09 0 02 0

03 1

26 0 ~ 03 0

84 0

12 3 % 32 0

05 0 001 0 00 0 +19 0 40 0 00 0 07 0

01 0

00 0

15

.0 +03 0 98 0

00

SPECIE5 10000000 10600000 10601003 10604000 10604007 10604008 10801002 11100000 11 10 50 1?

11200000 11209034 11301002 11301009 11303032 12200000 12201000 12307000 12309000 12309029

] 2404077 12405097 12501001 TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE IC)

BROGANS F ERR'Y'UCLEA,R PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=74 AREANAH=INTAKE BASIN TAXON TOT F1SH RELABUN UNIOE%TIFI ED F ISH 13 0

IO CLUPEIDAE 10255 80

~3 aLQSA CHR YSOCHLOR Is 7

0.05 DORasDHA sp.

10 D e08 DQROSQHA CEPED IANUH 6

0 05 DORasaHA PETENENSE 33 o.ze H I GOON TERGISUS 10 0

08 C YPR IMIOAE 204 1 ~ 60 cYpRICUs cARp Ia 53 0 42 CATOSTOHIOAE 233 I 83 N INYTREHA HELANQPS 53 0 i42 ICTALURUS FURCATUS 1

D ~ 01 ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS 15 0i12 PYLQDICTIS QLIVARIS lb 0

13 P ERCICKTHYIOAE

'2 0 02 H DRONE SP ~

371 2 91 LEPOHI5 SP 41 0

32 POHOXI 5 SP ~

17 "0 ~ 13 POHOXI 5 ANNULARIS D 03 P ERC I I4 CAPROD ES 86 0 67 STIZOSTED ION CANADENSE

=

- 11

~0-'09 APLODINQTUS GRUNNIENS 1310 10 27

TOTAL SAHP SPECIES 10000000 10600000 10601003 10604000 10604007 10604008 10801002 11100000 11'105012

'11200000 11209034 11301002 11301009 12201000 12307000 12 30'8 0 00 12309000 12309029 12404077 12405097 12501001 NUNBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE BRQMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 LE'5 BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT.IFISH ONLY YEAR=74 AREANAH=PLANT TRANS TAXON TOT FlSH UNIDEITIF IED F ESH

~

37 C LUP E I D AE 25558 ALOSA CHRYSQCHLQRIS 157 DOROSQNA SP 1545 DQRQSQNA CEPEDIANUN 11 DORQSQNA P ETENENSE 158 H IODO'0 TERGISUS 29 C YPR IN IDAE 1.475 CYPRINUS CARP I Q 36 CATOS I'OtE IDAE 1353 8 INYTRENA HELANQP 5 35 ICTALJRUS FURCATUS 2

l CTALURUS PUN CTATUS NORONE SP 525 LEPONES SP 93 NICROP'TERUS SP 1.

PONQXI 5 SP.

43 POHOXI 5 ANNULARIS 5

P ERCIS A CAPROO ES 118 5T11OS TED IQN CANADEN5E '4 APLQDENOTUS GRUNNI ENS 613 RELABUN 0

12 8 0.,'29

- 0~49 4 ~ 85 4 03 D 50 0 ~ 09 4 ~ 63 0

11 4

25 D ll 0

01 0 Ol 1

65 0

29 0 00 0~14 0 02 D 37 0

11 1 ~ 93

TOTAL NUHBFR CAPTURED AND RELATiVE ABUNDANCE (4)

BROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPEC1ES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=74 AREANAH=UPSTREAM TRN SPECIES 10000000 10600000 10601003 1 0604 000 I 0604 007 10604008 10801002 1 1100000 11105012 11125073 11200000 11209034 11301002 11301'009 11303032 I 2201000 1 2307000 12309000 12309029 12400802 12404077 I 2405'097 12501001 T AXON UN IDENT I F I ED F I SH CL UP E. I DAE ALOSA CHR YSOCHLOR I 5 DOROSOHA SP DOROSQHA CEPEQ IANUH DQROSOMA PETENENSE H I ODON TERGISUS CYPR INIDAE CYPRINUS CARPIO NOTROP IS ATHER I NO IDES CA TQ STOM I DAE MINYTREMA MELANQPS I C TALURUS FURC ATU5 IC TALURUS PUNCTATUS P YLODI C TI 5 OL I VARI 5 HORONE SP ~

LEPOHIS SP~

POHOXIS SP POHQXI 5 ANNULAR15 UN IDENT IF IED 3A'RTER (NOT PERCINA CAPROBES ST IZOSTED ION CANADENSE APLODINOTUS GRUNNIENS ST I ZOSTED ION )

TOT FISH 13 31761 117 1747 34 241 11 1394 42I 18,90 13

~ 5 15 2

394 65 42 8I

.93 17 1237 RELABUN 0

03 81 14 0

30 4 +46 0 ~ 09 0.62 0 o03 3

56 0

11 0

00 83 0 +03 0 01 0

04 0 01 1

01 0 ~ 17 D

11 0 ~ 02 0

00 0

24 0

04 3 ~ 16

TOTAL NUKBER CAPTQRED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE IX)

BROMNS FEAR Y NU CL EAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES SY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT IFISH ONLY)

Y EAR=75 AR EANAH.= INTAKE B 4 S I N SPEC IES 10000000 10600000 10601003 10604000 10604007 10604008 10801002 l1001000 11100000 I 1105012 11124061 11125073 11200000 11301002 11301009 11303032 12201000 12300000 12307000 123( )017 12308000 12400000 12400801 124 04077 124Q5097 1250 1001 TAXON UN IDENT I F I ED F I SH CLUP E IOAE ALOSA CHRYS3CHL~RI 5 OOROSOHA SP.

DOROSOHA CEP ED I ANUS'OROSOKA PE TENERSE HIODON TERGISVS ESOX SP CYPRIN IDAE CYPRINUS CARP IQ NO%EH I GONU 5 CRY S GL E U CA5 NOTROP I S ATHERIXOIDES CATOSTOHIDAE IC TA'LURUS F J RCAT US IC TALUS US P QN CT ATll5 PYLODICTIS SL IMARIS HORONE SP.

CENTRAR CH IDEE LEPOH I 5 SP LE.POHI S MAC ROC-I ~v5 HICROPTERUS SP PERCIDAE UNIDENTIFIED DARTER (NO PERCINA CAP <OOE5 STIZOSTEDIO'I CAhADENSE APLOD INOTUS GRUNNI EN 5 LOGPERCH)

TOT F. I SH 66 61561 7

41 1

242 6

536 69 2

3 221 8

322 200 25-227 2

3 5Il&

3 629 RELABUN 0 ~ 10 96 ~ 17 0~01 Q 06 0000 0 038 0 Ol 0~00 0 ~ 84 0 11 0 000 0 +00 0 35 Q 001 0 05 0 o00 0 +31 0+04 0 35 0 00 0+00 0 00

.0 Ol

.0 ~18 0000 Qe98

TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE th)

B ROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR Pl ANT

. 1971-77 SAMPLES BY YEAR SPFCIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=75 AREAKAH=PI AN E TRANS SPEC IES 10000000 10301001 10600000 10601003 10604000 10604007 10604008 1080 1002 11100000 11105012 I 1124061 11125073 11200000 1130 1009 12201000 12300000 12307000 12307017 12309000 12400000 12400801 124 04077 12405000 12405097 12501001 12905002 TAXON UN IDENT I F I ED FI SH POLYODON SPATHULA CLUPE IDAE ALOSA CHR YS3CHLORIS DQROSOHA SP

'OROSOHA CEPEDIANUN DOROSOH A P E I'ENE N SE-HIODON TERGISUS CYPRIN I DAE CYPRINUS CARP IO NOTEHI GONUS C RYSOLEU CAS NOTROP I 5 ATHERINOIDES CATOSTOH I D Af ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS NORONE SP a CEN.TRAR CH I DAE LEPOHI 5 'P LEPOH I 5 NACWOCH IRUS POHOXIS SP PERC IDLE.

VN IDENT l F I E3 DARTER (NOT LOGP ERCH

)

PERCINA CAPRODES STIEQSTEDIOR SP ST IZOSTEDIOl CANADENSE APLODINOTUS GRUNNI EN 5 LABIDES THE 5 5 I CCULUS TOT FISH 117 2

59343 58 1527 5

149 20 2280 165 3

73 1 705 1

621 5

81 2 '

2 1

141 1

26 221 1

RELABUN 0 18' 00 89 ~ 17 0009 2 ~ 29 QADI 0 +22 0 03 3

%3 0 ~ 25 0 +00 0 ~11 2 56 0 00 0 93 Oe01 0012 0.00 0 00 0 ~ 00 0 00 0'1 0 00 0 04 0 +33 0~00

TOTAL NUHSER CAPTURED AND RELATIlfE ABUNDANCE IC)

BROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1.971-72 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=75 AREANAH=UP STREAH TRN SPEC IE5 1000 0000 IO400OOQ 10600000 10601003 10604000 10604007 I 06 04008 10801002 11100000 11105012 11)24061 11125000 11125073 11200000 1 1209034 113Q1009 11303032 12201000 12300000 12307000 1 23 07017 12308000 12309000 123 09029 12400000 12400801 12402000 12404077 12405097 1250 1001 12905Q02 TAXON UN)DENT IF EE3 FI SH LEP I SOS TE IDAE CLUPEIDAE ALOSA CHRYSQCHLORIS DOROSOHA SP DOROSOHA CEPEDIANUH DOROSOHA PET'ENENSE HIODON TERGI SUS CYPRIN1 DAE CYPRINUS CMP10 NOTEHIGONUS CRYSOLEUCAS NOTROP) S SP NOTROP 15 A THER INOIOE S CATOSTOHIDAE HlN YTREHA HELANOPS ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS PYLODI CT IS 3L IYARIS HORONE SP CENTRARCH ID% E LEPOH I 5 SP LEPOHI 5 H ACRO CH IRUS HICRQP T ERUS SP POMOXl5 SP POHOXI 5 ANNJLAR l 5 PERCIDA E UN IDENTIF I E3 DARTER (NOT ETHEOSTOHA SP ~

PERCINA CAPRODES 5TI LOST ED I 0'0 CANADEN SE APLODINOTUS GRUNN1. EN 5 LABIDES THE 5 5 ICCULUS LOGPERCH)

TOT F I SH 217 2

279104 66 2155 67=

803 46 16056 423 54 2

124.

1778 3

21

,1 14892 178 5 6

3 9

6 36 576 56 1245 2

RE LABUN 0 07 0 00 91 17

,0 02 0 70 0 02 0+26 0 02 5 24 0 +14.

0 02 0~00

-0 +04

.0 58 0 +DO 0 01 Qeoo 0.49 0 00 0 58 O.QO 0 sOQ 0 00, 0 00 0+00 0 ~ 00 0 01 0 19 0 02 0 41 0 F00

TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE tk)

BRO'MNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT CFISH ONLY)

YEAR=76 AREANAH=INTAKE BASIN SPEC)ES 10000000 10600000 10601003 10604007 10604008 11100000 11100804 I 11050-1 2 11124061 11125073 11200000 11209034 11301000 11301002 11301009 11303032-115060'00 12201003 12201802 12300000 12300802 12307000 12309000 12400801 124008 02 12405000 12501001 TAXQN UN lDENTIFIED F ISH CL UP EI DA'E ALOSA CHR VSOCHLOR I 5 DOROSQHA CEPED IANUH DORQSOHA PETENENSE CYPRIN lDAE P)HEPHALES GR3UP CYPRINUS CARPIO NOTEHIGQNUS CRYSOLEUCAS NOTROP IS ATHER I NO IDES CATOSTOHI DAE HINYTREHA HELANQP 5 I C TALURUS SP ICTALURUS FURCATUS IC TALURUS PUN C 7 ATU 5 PYLODICTIS OLIVARIS FUNDULUS SP ~

HORONE HISSISSIPPIENSIS HQRQNE tNOT SAXAT ILIS)

CENTRARCH IDAE LEPQHIS OR POAOXIS L E POH I 5 5 P ~

POHQXIS SP UN IDENTIFIED 0 ARTER tNOT LOGPERCH)

UNIDENTIF IED DARTER INOT STIZQSTED ION)

ST IZOSTED ION SP APLODINOTUS GRUNN IENS TOT FISH 25 119145 2

2 5f, 175 2

9 1

2 30 2

1

.2 1.6 16I 3

1604 14 12 118 25 54 7

2052 RELABUN 0 ~ 02 96 57 0 ~ 00 0

00 0 ~ 04 0 ~ 14 0 000 Oeol 0

00 0 ~00 0 02 0 ~ 00 0 ~ 00 0

00 O.01 0 ool O.OD 0+00 1 ~ 30 0 01 0 01 0

10 0 02 0 ~ 00 0 ~ 04 0 01 1.66

TOTAL NUHSER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE I h)-

BROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

Y EAR=7&

AREANAH=PLANT SPECIES 10000000 10600000 10601003 10604000 10604007 10604008 10604801 10801002 11100000 11100804 11100805 1110080b 11105012 111240 61 11125073 11200000 11301002 11301009 1 1303032 11506(

OG 1 2201003 azzoaeoz I 2300000 12300802 12307000 12309000 1 2400 802 1 2404 0 77 12405000 12501001 12905002 7 AXON UN IDENTIFIED F I SH CLUPEIDAE ALOSA CHRYSOCRLORIS DO ROSOHA SP DOROSOHA CEPED IANUH DOROSOHA PETEIIIENSE HI XED DOROSOHL HI.ODON TERGlSJS CYPR IN IDAE Pl HEPHALES GRL)UP ATHER INO1DES ROUP VOLUCELLUS BUG HANANl G ROUP CYPRINUS CARP10 NO TEHIGONUS CR YSO LEUC A 5 NOTROP IS ATHER INO IDES CA'TOSTQHIDAE I C TALURUS FURCATUS IC TALURUS PUN CTATUS PYLODICTIS OL I VAR I S FUNDULUS 'SP HORONE HI SSI SS IPP I ENS I 5 HORONE (NOT SiXAT ELIS)

CENTRARCH ID AE LEPOHIS OR POCOXIS LEPOHIS SP POHOXI S SP <<

UNIDENTIFIED DARTER (NOT STKZOSTED ION )

PERCINA CAPRODES ST I IOSTED ION SP ~

APLODINOTUS GRUNN1ENS LABIDESTHES Sl CCULUS TOT F ISH l42 Eze3eb 24 7

670 1

8 676 9

12l.

35 5

72 122 1

20 1

2 3

lese 3

e 267 73 68 1

2 2482 2

RELABUN 0 ll 95 18 0 02 0 %00 0%01 0

50 0 %00 0 <<01 0

51 0 %01 0 01 0 ~ 00 0 ~ 03 0

00 0%05 0 ~ 09 0 <<00 0 02 0%00 0

00 0

00 I

27 0

00 0 %00 0 ~ 20 0 ~ 05 0 <<05 0 <<00 0 00 1 <<87 0

00

TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELAT-IltE-ABUNDANCE IR)

BROGANS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPEClES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=76 AREANAH =UP SIR EAH SPEC IES 10000000 106000QO 10601003 10604000 10604007 10604 008 10801002 I.ll.00000 II.100804 11100805 111050 12 111240 61 11125000 11125073 111250 84 I 1.1.29000 11200000 I 130 l D02 1 1301009 12201000 12201002 12201003 I 2201 802 12307000 12308801 12309000 124Q0801 1 2400802 12404077 1 2405000 12501001 12905002 TAXON UNIDENTIFI ED F I SH CLUP E IDAE ALQSA CHRYSQCALQRI 5 DQROSOHA SP DORQSQHA CEPEO IANUH DOROSOHA PETE%ENSE HIODON TERGISJS CYPRIN ID% E P IHEPHALE5 GROUP ATHERINOIDES GROUP CY PR INUS CARP 10 NOTEHIGQNUS CR YSOL EUCAS NO TROP IS SP Na TROP 15 ATHER-INOIDES NOTROPIS BUCHKNANI P IHEPHALES SP CATQSTOHI OAE ICTALURUS FURCATUS ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS HQRQNE SP ~

HORONE CHRYSQPS HORONE HISSISSIPP IENSIS HORONE (kOT SKXATELIS )

LEPQHI S SP HICROPTERUS (NOT SHALLHOUTH)

POHOXI 5 5 P UNIDENTIFIED DARTER tNOT LOGPKRCH)

UNIDENTlFIED i)ARTER (NOT STI ZQSTEDlQN )

PERC INA CAPROD E 5 STIZOSTED ION SP.

APLODINOTUS GRUNN I ENS LA8 1 DESTHE 5 5 I CCULUS TOT FISH 51 100 983 19 5

U 812 3

672 13 21 18 5

3 83 1I 70 3

8I 1lI 1814 95 1

15 1

65I 2

1429 3

RELABVN 0

05 95 ~ 07 0 ~ 02 0 ~ 00 0 001 0 a76 0

00 0.63 0 Ol 0

02 0

02 0

00 0

00 0 +08 0 +00 0 +00 0 ~ Q7 0 ~ 00 0 01 0 000 0 e00 0 Ol 1

71 0 09 0~00 '

~01 0

00 0 ~ 06 0

00 0 00 1

35 0

00

SPECIES 10000000 10600000 10601003 10604007 10604008 10801002 11100000 11100804 11100805 11105012 lll25073 11129000 11200000 11200802 11209034 11301002 11301009 11303032 I 2201 000 12201602 12300000 12300802 1 2307000 12309000 12400801 12400802 12402000 12405000 1 2501001 TOT FISH UN IDENTEF l ED F I SH CLUP E IDAE ALOSA CHR YSOCWLQRIS DOROSOMA CEP ED I ANUH OQRQSQHA PETEHENSE HI ODON TERG I SlJS CYPAINIDAE PIHEPHAl ES GR3UP ATHERINO1BES GROUP CYPR INUS CARPI Q NQTROP 15 ATHER INQ IDES PIHEPHALES SP CA TOSTOM I DA E IC 7 IOBUS-CARP I QDE 5 GRO HINYTREHA HEI ANOPS IC-TALURUS FURCATUS IC TALURUS PUNC TATUS PYLODICTI5 QLI VARI5 MORONE SP MORONE (MQT SWXATILI5)

CE N TRARCH l DA E LEPQH15 OR PQAOXIS LEPOMI5 SP

~

PQHOXI5 SP UNIDENTlFIED DARTER IN UN-IDENEIFI ED 0 ART ER (N

ETHEOSTOHA SP ~

ST I ZOSTED ION SP APLODlNOTU5 GRUNN I ENS QT LQGPERCH)

QT ST1ZOSTEDlON)-

28 231.749 2

Bb 11 34 241 416 33 84 1I 3124 1275 151 3

42

18 2581 383 38 103 441 140 3

282 1

118 3547 TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELATI1fE ABUNDANCE (4)

BRQMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANE 1971-77 SAMPLES BY=- YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=77 AREANAH~INTAKE BAS1M TAXQN RELABUN 0 01 94 ~&2 0 00 0 004 0 +00 0 F01 0

10 0

17 0 01 0 03 0

00 0

00 1 028 0 +52 0

06 0 000 0 02 0 01 1 05 0

16 0

02 0

04 0 ~18 0 ~06 0 i00 0

12 0 ~00 0 ~05 1 45

TOTAL NUMBER CAPTURED AND RELAT)ltE ABUNDANCE tk)

BROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT

$ 971-77 SAMPLES BY YEAR SPECI.ES TRANSECT tFISH ONLY)

YEAR=77 AREANAH=PLANT SPE( IES 10000000 10600000 10601003 10604007 10604008 10801002 11100000 11100802 11100&04 11100&C5 11100806 11103005 111050,12 111140'52 I 1124061 11125000 11125013 I 1129166 11200000 11200&02 I 1209034 11301009 11303032 12201000 12201802 12300802 1 2307000 12308000 12309000 I 2400801

. 12400802 12405000 12501001 12905002 TAXON UN IDENTIFI ED F 15H CL UP EIDAE ALOSA CHR YSOCHLOR IS DO ROSOHA CEP ED IANUH DOROSOHA PETENENSE HIODON TERGISUS CYPRIN ID% E UN IDENTIF I ED DACE.

PIHEPHALES GROUP ATKERINDIDES GROUP VOLUCELLUS BUCHANANI GROUP CARA55lUS AURLTUS CYPR)NUS CARP)0 HYBOPSIS STORER IANA NOTEHIGONUS CRYSOLEUCAS NO TROP )5 SP NOTROP IS ATHER INO IDES PIHEPHALES NOTATUS CATOSTQHIDAE ICTIOBUS-CARPI QDE5 GROUP HINYTREHA HELKNOPS ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS PYLODICTI5 OLlVARIS HORQNE SP

~

HORONE tNOT SAXATltIS)

LEPOHI 5 QR PQ tQXI5 LEPOHI 5 SP HICROPTERUS SP POMOXIS SP a UN IDENTIFI ED DARTER tNOT L

UNIDENTIFIED 3ARTER t NOT 5

ST I LOST ED ION SP ~

APLOD )NOTUS GRUNN lENS LABIDES'IHES 5)CCULUS OGPERCH)

TIZOSTED IQN )

TOT F ISH 7

165411 15 59 12 87 495' 664 55 7

2 44 1

1 6

110I 1024 1158 12 9I 876 440 302 713I 106.I 65 19 3542 2

RELABUN 0

00 94 ~ 38 0 oOI 0 +03 0

01 0 ~ 05 0 ~28 0 01 D ~38 0 +03 0 ~ 00 0 moo 0 ~03 0 000 0

00 0

00 0 006 O.aa 0

58 0 ~66 0 01 0 ~OI 0 ~00 0 50 0

25 0 F17 0 41 O.00 O.O6 0

00 0 ~04 0+01 2 F02 0 000

TOTAL NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE (i)

GROANS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=77 AREANAH=UPSTREAH SPEC I ES 10000000 10600000 10601003 X 0604007 10604008 10801002 11100000 11100804 1 11008 C5 1110O806 11105012 11125000 11125073 1 X129000 1 1200000 11200802 11201000 11209034 11301009 1 2201000 122018C2 12-300802 12307000 12309000 I2400802 12405QOO 12501001 12905002 TAXON UN IDENTI.FlED F ESH CLUPElDAE ALOSA CHR YSOC rt LQRI5 DORQSOHA CEP Eo IANUH DORQSOHA PETE%ENSE HIODON TERGIS JS CYPRIN1DAE PLHEPHALE5 GR3UP ATHERINQLDES -ROUP VOLUCELLU 5 B UCHANANL GROUP CYPRINUS CARP10 NOTROP LS SP ~

NO TROP 15 ATHER INO IDES P IHEPHALES

.5 P CATOSTOHIDAE ICTLOBUS-CARPIODES GROUP CARPIODES Sr.

KINYTREH A HELSNOP 5 ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS HO RON E SP

~

HORONE (Nal SAXATLLIS)

LEPOHLS QR POAOXIS LE POHI 5 SP ~

POHOXl 5 SP ~

UNIDENTIFlED DARTER (NOT STIZOSTED ION )

ST IZOSTED ION SP APLODIMOTUS GRUNNI ENS LABlDESTHES Sl CCVLUS TOT FISH 12 139 579" I 5$

171 99 25 206 832 10 3

23 6

49 16 834 399I 7

6 1 806 246 203 917 72 49 7

1578 RELABUN 0 00I 94 ~ 75 0 ~ XX 0 ~ X2 0 +07 0 002 0 ~ X4 0 56 0 01 0 ~ 00 0 +02 o.oo 0 ~ 03 0+OX 0 ~ 57 0

27 0 000 O.QO 0 ~ 00 23 0 ~ 17 0

14 0 062 0 ~ 05 0, 03 O.OQ X.F07 0

00

TOTAL NUMBER CAPTURED AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE BROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY*)

Y EAR=71 AREANAH=PLANT 085 TOTNUH

'1 374250 YEAR~71 AREANAH=UPSTREAH OBS TOTNUH 378627 YEAR =72 AREANAH

=PLANT'B5 TOTNUH

-109226 YEAR=72 AREANAH=UPSTREAH OBS 4

TOTNUH 335395 YEAR=73 AREANAH=PLANT TRANS OBS TOTNUH 5

82330 YEA%=73 AREANAH~UPSTREAH TRN 085 TOTNUH 6

168144 YEAR~74 AREANAH~INTAKE BASIN 085 TOTNUH 7

12751 YEAk=74 AREANAH=PLANT TRANS OBS TOTNUH 31&32

TOTAL-NUHBER CAPTURED AND RELAI IVE ABUNDANCE (Wl BROMNS FERRY NUCLEAR PLANT 1971-77 SAHPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY)

YEAR=TA AREANAN=UPSTREAR TRN OB S

-TOTNUH 9

39143 YEAR=75 AREANAH=lNTAKE SASlN OBS TOTNUH 10 64011 YEAR=75 AREANAM=PLANT TRANS OSS TOTNUH ll 66552 YEAR=75 AREANAH=UPSTREAM TRN GBS TOTNUH 12 306142 YE AR =76 AR EANAH=INTAKE BASIN OBS TOTNUH 13 123379 r EAR =76 AREANAH=PLANT OSS TOTNUH 14 132790 YEAR=76 AREANAH=UPSTREAM OSS TOTNUH 15 106218 YEAR=77 AREANAH=lNTAKE BAS lN OSS TOTNUH 16 244938

TOlAL NUNSER CAPTVREO AND RELATlVE ABUNMNCE ill BROMNS FERRY NIH.EAR PLANT 1971'-77 SAMPLES BY YEAR SPECIES TRANSECT (FISH ONLY]

Y EAR ~77 AR EANAN=PLANT OS 5 TOTNUN 17 175257 YEAR=77 AREANAN~UPSTREAK OS S TOTNuv 18 147315

APPENDIX B TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTION OF EGGS AND LARVAE (3.974-1977)

FOR INTAKE'LANTs AND UPSTREAM TRANSECTS Ordinate values are given in logarithms, i.e.,

0

~ 1,

+

1

~ 10, etc.

'C 4l

LOGDEN S-T A T.I S Z I C

A L A N A L V S I S

S V

S T

E N

SROhlNS FERRY LARVAL FBSH SANPLXt46 IQj4-77 ALL LAR'IFAE LO6 5ASE 10 DISA'V/I000 H3

'YEARS'%VP EaE665 AREANANe I(TAKE BASIN PLOT OF PERIQD+LOGQEN LE6ERO A = I OBS

~

S

~ 2 OBS-

~

E%C A

A A

1 A

A A

-1 4

<<~~~+~4~4 ~Q~~~~+~~~~~~~+~~+~~+~~~~~~~~

I 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 IO ZI X2 I3 I4 I5 RL 17 IS%9 20 2X 22232425 262728 2930 3I P ER lOO

LOGE EI STRT1ST ICSLAMALVSISSVSTEH BROHNS FERRV LARIAL FRSH SRNPLNNG I974-77 N.L LARVJL'E LOG BASE XO OENNS IXV/IDDD N3 VEAR<74 VYPE>N6$

AREANN<PLANE TEENS PLOT OF PERIDO+LQGQEN LEGGED A ~ I OSS e

B ~ 2 ONS e ETC 5 t A

A A

k'

$tt -t t-+

1 2

3 4

5

+ f

+ <<~t~t ~t~t~+e t~~+aaef ~w+esevf ace+ a<<t~ea+w+a ~~~~~t~e+

6 7

8 9 IO II'2 X3 14 IS X6 l7 18 19 20 ZI 22 23 24 25 2527 28 29 30 3l P'ER IOO

LQGDE!i

$ T A T I S

T I C A L A N A L V S I S'

V S'T K Il

.bROMMS FERRV LEAL fISH SARPLRNS I%74;-W ALL LAQWLE LOS SASK XO MS$H'VIIOCO H3 VEAR~l4 TVPK~E66$

ARKAN@%~$%RKAN TRN PLOT OF PKRI004LOGQEN LEGEND! A I 45$

8 2

O8$

KTC 5

A A

A A

e 0 t

-l ft o

ot e

e o

ot~t o

o e

e e

ee~-o et e

oe -e -e -ee~--o I

2 3

4 5

6 T

8 BIO II I.Z I3 I4ISI6 IV IB R9 202X22232425 262728 29303I P ER IOO

STATl ST1CQLQNALVSESSVSTKH HAS FERRV LNN K FSSH $INPI.506 ROM=M A I-MQOhR

.,@96 ELSE 10

.QKQSIVV/10QS.H3 VEAR~74 YVPK~F1 H

QRKANAHI:INDE OASRQ PEGGY DF PERI00oLGGDIEH LKSK00 A

1 OBS 0

2 GBS o AC 3

e A

A A

A A k.

A A l A

A a

t +

+ <<4

+~+ <<+~4~+ <<~~+~+~<<+~QQ~Q~~~+~+~~+~~~+~+ +~

+~+

2 3

0 5

6 7

B 910 11 12 13 1415%6111B 19 20 2122232425 2& 2>2B 293031 t ERlGD

STAT I ST ICAL ANALVSKSSVSTEN SROMNS FENRV LARVAL FlSH SMPLBN6 1974-Tt ALL LARVAE LOG CISE 10 QEISKTV/IOOQ N3 VERR~74 TVPE~FBSH AREANANWLANT TRANS PLaT 0F PER?OooLOGQEN LEGENO= A 1 08$

~

B 2 05$, ETC.

5 e 2

oA A

A 4

A A

A A

A-

-I. +jeo--o e

ooe o-~~o>>~

e e

o o

e ee~~

e e

o e e-~o 1

2 3

4 5

6 7

8 910 11 12 13 N 1514 1718 1920222223242%262728293035 P BL100

LOUDEN ST%TEST ICALANALVSESSVSTfH BRGBNS FERRV LAINAE. IFESH $ 84$'LENT 1974-77 ALL LARVAE LOG GASE 10 MDSXVVlX000 H3 VfSR~74 YVPEWE$H ARfhllAH~UPSTRMN TW PLOT OF PfREOO~LOGOEN LfSKNQ l = 1 GBS o 8

= 2 OBS

-fTC A

A a1

+

f+~ age<<pea+a

+ee+ae+aa+aa+aa+a~+~a+aa+aa+~+aee+~aee+osa+aetaoe+aeteQaerQeeQ~~~~aQ 1

2 3

4 5

b 7

8 910 ZX 12 13 X4151b XV 18 1920212223242%262720iN3031 P fREOO

LOGDE%

STATISTICAL ASAL Y IS SYS TEN SROMffS FERRY LARVAL FRSR SAP RNG 1974-77 ALL LARIAT LOG 5ASE 10 DEN IVV/XNQO 83 YEAR~75 TYP K~ECiGA ARKAFQH~XRTAKK 8ASIN PLOT OF PERIOD+LOGQEN LEGENDS A 1 OOS 5

2 GIS

~ ETC 5

A A

A A

A

-1 i

$+~ ~

e -e

+

~

+

o e

o o

e -0 e e~-e~m~~

eo~-m-m-m~~~

2 3

0 5

6

'l 8

9 lO LX IZ X3 M Xf l6 17l8%920 ZX ZZZ3ZA ZS 26ZYZS 203031 P KR IQO

LOtaex

$ 707I$ YECL3k.QQLLlVSDSSVSTKB ORpUB)

IFEQgV ILpUQL IFHSH $(gPLIINS R9 P'4 8 vFii'u-vP'4A-)s5" Mzna5WiV~PPnnM PLOY OF PKAIOOc LOGOfN LESKQD 6

X 00$

y G

2 00$

y KTC 3 t A

1 4j+~-me-~

+

+

+

+

e~-~

e -oo~~a~~~~~~

o -e

+o~~

o I

2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9XO XX IZ lb Po X5X6 l'2 XS l920tlttt324252i& k728293QSZ PBtlOD

LOGDEN STA7ISTECAL ANAL% HSSVSYKll SRPNS'FRRRY ILRRW(L FSSII SRII

'TRS IRTR TT YM A

IYFPKSSS, RRRRRN4%TQRR TRR PLOV OF PEREQD+LOGDEM LEGGfO A

I OBS

~ 5 RR 2 O$

~ E>C 5 t A

1 A

A A

1 A

A

-E t f +~~~+~~~ ~~+~~+~~t~4~

I 2

3 4

5 6

1 8

9IO lE EZ I3 I4 E5ISXV I8 i920 2%222324 25 262728 Z%363I Ns KRHOO

LOGIES STAT15'TECAL4f4QLVS ISSVSTEN BRDBQS.FERQY LARVAL FHSll SSNQSNS

%974 tl vÃk-VP"4~849@'m51-II1MlPEa8~

PLOT OF PKR10DLGGDEN LEGEND ~ 0 ~

1 OBS e

8 ~ 2 GGS e IHC 5

+

I l

k

+

k A

A A

9

~ A

-k +/t~ ms-m-+~'e o

a+--mo-mo~~~m~~

1 Z

3 0

5 6

1

'8 9 l0 11 Rt 13 14 L5 l617 X4 RQ 202% 222324 RS 242724 Rl30$ 1 P M%00

STATlSTECALANAl.YS=SSYS'TEN SROMQS FERRY:LARI L FBSH SANPL NS 1974 77 ALI. LAHWK LOS ASK XO OEN$ VV/1QC1 83 YEAR~75 TV$'K~F1 8 AQEANAR~PLANT TRANS PLOT OF PEREOD+LGGDEN LEGIS A = 1 05$

e I ~ 2 OSS r E'IC 5 +

4 0

+

-1

+l+

0 t

~

~

Q 4 t 4~1 t

4 W ~ W~~W~

4 t~~ W 4~~

+

1 2

3 0

5 6

7 8

910 ll 12 E3 Ps l51617XB%920212223242526272Q 29303l P ERKOD

LOGDEN

$ TATl5IICALANALV$15$ V$ TEN BRDHIS I'ESP LARIII. fasH SRNpflHG E$74 -Tl YIR 155 YYPV$18 IBSksQERN TN PLOY OF PEREOD+LOGDEN LESBO A ~ 1 OSS

~ 8

< 2 OSS

~

ETC A

A A

A a

+

0

+

-1

+

$4~H>>+>>4 ~~~+~+ee+~~f~~~~+~gegog~4 ~~~

+

2 3

4 5

6 1

8 9

10 11.12 l3 Ve 15 14

%7 18 19 202122232425 26 2728 2930 31 P Ek lOO

LOGDEN STATXST X CAR.ANALYSES SYSTEM SROUNS FERRY LARVAL. FXSH SSlPLRNG 1914-7V ALL LARVAK 4-66 IASE 10 OENSXIVIllOQO N3 YEAR~16 TYPEWGGS AREANRH~XNTAKE MSXN PLOT aF PERSOO~LaGOEa LEGEaOe A

1 OeS.

S 2

OSS.

ETC A

0+

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j +~-~4-~

0 Ct--4O~ <<+-~ ~

4 ~~~~ ~

4 0

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2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9

10 11 X2 13 X4 XS Xb XV 18 X9 202122232%2$

2S2728 2930 3X P ER IGO

LOGDEN STATEST1ClLLARLLLVSESSVSTKH BQQBQS IFKRRV LMtfELL FQSH $MPL'G 1974-77 ALL Lp)p

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7 8

9 10 il 12 X3 Pi )5%4 17 18.19 202122232425 26 2728 2%303)

P EKED'

LOGDEM STATIST I CALANALY$1$

SYSTEM SROMMS FERRY LARltAL F1$8 SAMPL'RMG 1'-77 ALL LARVAE LOG SASE 10 OEQSSTV/X0 M3 YEAR~76 TYPE&GGS AREQIAM~QPSTREAH PLOT OF PERIOO+LOGOEN LEQBfO> A 1

OSS 5

2 OSS ETC A

A A

2

+

A A

+

<<+~~~~~~+~~~~~~Q~>> 4~~+

+e I

2 3

4 5

6 7

8 9 IO 11 12 13 14 1% 16 aV ae R9 202%22232425 26 2728 293031 P KR IOO

LOGO EH STATIST ICALANELLVSXSSYSTEN BROOMS FEME LARVAL FESH SMPLRkfG 1974-77 ALL LARVAE LOG BASE 10 EM%IV/XQOO N3 VELAR~76 TYPE&ISH AREANAR~1NVAKE SILS IN PLOT OF PERIOO+LOGbEN LKGESfQ-A = 1 OGS e-8

~ 2.68S o-E'Fl 5

e A

4 A

A 1+

[+ H~ t H

~

~ t t~

t H H t

~

4 4~~H~~4 4

0 H

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l 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10 11 12 13 l415 16 17 l8 19 20 21 222324.25 26 27 28 2931 31 P ER lOO

LOGDEM STATEST1CALANALYSlS SYSTEM

= BROGANS fERRY LARVAL FlSN SAMLING 1974-77 ALL LARVlLE LOG SASE 10 DEHSIVYIIOOO N3 YEAR>76 TYPE>F1$ H ARENN<PLART PLOY OF PERIODolOGDEN LE6BD A

1 OBS I

2 OBS BC 5 +

A A

A A

2+

A A

-L +t+~~~ea4

+ ~~~+~+

~~~+eeewQ~~+~m+~ea4~~+eeee faew+

~~~ammo+

Q~Q~+~+~ 4~+a e+~~a ~Q I

2 3

0 5

6 7

8 9

10 11 1213 1415161718 19202122232425 262728293031 PER100

LOGD EM STATIST I tlLL ANAL.VS ISSVSTKN NRRIIRS @RP aRPRI PX)N SPP(Slf6 SPR-Tl kRR 76 TVPR46)N RRKNRN llPSRNRN PLOT OF PERIODoLOGQEN LEGEND A

I OSS y 8

= 2 'OSS HfC 3

+

A 1

A tf~ <<a+ e <<feef ae fa<<fa afe afa<<f~afe <<faafaaf>>fa<<+<<a+a<<f <<<<f<<afa<<f<<<<fa<<+ aa+ <<af a e+ a<<feafaaf eaf a<<f 2

3 4

5

& i 8

9 10 li 12 13 14 15 ES 17 Xe E9 20 2l 2223 24 25,26 2728 293032 PER JOD

LOGOEN

$ 7471$ TECIL IRILY ISS'YSTKN SROMNS fERRY LARVAl.fi5HSIN 1NG 1974-77 ILL LIRVIK LOG NISE XO OM IVY/R000 HS YM~77 ZYPE<fGGS IREINB<NQVNE SISNF4 PLOD OF PERlQO+LOGOEN LEGEND! 4 1 08$

S 2

OSS ETC I

I

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ft ett--ot att at--et-<<tttrna-e stttttt ettt--tt I

2 3

4 5

6 7

8 910 11 1213 14151617)8192021222$

2%2526272b 2930 PERIOD

l.OGDEN STAT1$

T ICOLGNALVSHSSVSTIEH BROOMS FERRY LARVAL FESN SQlPLll86 XK!4-7T ALL k.ARSLK i.06 SASE 10 DENSETYlXOOQ H3 YEAR~77 TYPE>KQS MEARA'LNT PLOT OF PEREOOelOGDEN Lf6f10 A =

1 QBS e

S

~ 2 Ob$

y fTC 5

+

3 t A

A A

A A

A A

A 0+

t t t t t t t~~4 t~t~H~~ H~ WW~ t~~~t~H~ t ~t

'2.3-'0 5

'l 910 11 12 13 X4 1% 11 E.7 XS 19 20 21222324 25 2& Zi il 293031 PfRfOD

LOGDEH STAT 1 ST1CAL IttALVSlSSYSTEH BROltlfS FERRY LAMA@ FlSH SISAL'RNL 19'-77 YEIR 7F TIP%=Ms IkmkPltPNEAH PLOT OF FEREODoLOGDEN LEGEND A < 1 OSS y I ~ 2 OQS

~

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A A

A 0

+

e fe o

e e

+

+

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+

1 2

3 0

5 6

7 8

910 11 12 13 14%% 161718 1920 212223242%

2& 2'? 28 293031 PER)DD

LOGDEN STATESTXCQ4.QNQILVSESSVSTEH GROOMS fERRV KMML lFSSN SAHPL,SAG EQW-77 ALL LLLRUIK <$6-BASE XQ OENSRVV/lMO 83 VEER~77 3VPK~I:1$8 AREAN$N~XQTAKE bAS1N PLOT OF PER100+LOGDEN LEGEND! A l 08$

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~ 2,0IS e ETC-5

+

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1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 1Q 11 12 13 1415 16.17,18 X9 20 21 222324 25 26 27 2I 20 30 Sl P EA109

LOGQEM STATIST l CAL ANALYSES SYSTEN SRO<NS PERRY LARVAL F1'ANPLKN6 1974-77 ALL LARVAE LOG BASE 10 DKNSRTVIX000 H3 YEAR~77 iYPE~FKSH AREIQARWE.ANT PLOT OF PEREOD+LOGDEN LEGEND I ~ 1 085 e

8

~ 2 085 o

ETC 5

+

4 A

I A

A A

-l +

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0

+ W~ W 0 W 4

4 ~ O~ 0~4

~

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1 2

3 0

5 6

7 8

9

$ 0 lE 12 l3 I4 15.16 l7 ld 19 20 2I 222324 25 26 27 2d 29 30 3K P ER tllO

$ TAT1$ TSCAI.ElBAI.VSR$

$ V$ TEA BROtfl$ IFERlp LA)WGL Flp $$PPQILXOL 1V

'kaama@

rNaPIIÃ aaFatw uestesaP I l.aT Of PKalODoa.aMEN I.KCKftbc A 1 01$. I 2

OSS.

KZC 5

e 4

4 A

4 4

1+

4 A

-l ~f+~~~~>>+~ >> +~+~+>>~+

+>>>>+>>>>f>>>>g <<~>>>>+>>

1 2

3 4

5 6

1 8

910 lR 12 XS N 1516 11 XS R9 202122232%25 262720 2% 5031 I mtaD

APPENDIX C INTAKE (I) AND RESERVOIR

( ~ ) LARVALDENSITIES FOR MAJOR FAMILIES (1974-1977)

Numerical Code To Families Clupeidae

-Cyprinidae Catostomidae Ictaluridae Percichthyidae Centrarchidae Percidae Sciaenidae 106 111 112 113 122 123 124 125 Ordinate values are given in logarithms, i.e.,

0

~ 1,

+

1

~ 10, etc.

~y

'f b

l A

STAT I ST ICAL ANALYSISSYSTEK BROilNS FERRY LARVAL FISH SAKPLING 1974-77 SORTED BY YEAR PERIOD ~

~ TRANSECT VS FAXILY ALL LARVAE LOC BASE 10 DENSITY/1000 K3 FAXiLY 10600000 YEAR 74 AREANAK INTAKE BASIN PLOT OF PERIOD4LOCDEN LECEND SYKBOL IS VALUE OF AREANAX 16838 FklDAY4 'JANUARY 204 1978 33

.LOGDEN el I

t II lt I

t 4l Il e

0

~

~

1 0

I l

~

I I

T I

II

~

I

~

4 I

1 l

l tl I

4

~

I 0

l 1

l I

4llll 4

I4ee4 eeepe 4 afoaf ee4 a4aa4ee4 ee4a e4ea4aa 4

4a 4aa 4ea4eeeee4aa4 ae4 4ae4 ae4e a4ee4aa4 oa4 aa4ee4 1

2 3

6 5

6 7

8 910 111213 161516171819202122232625262728293031 PEkIOD

r If lt r~

l'I