ML18253A109
ML18253A109 | |
Person / Time | |
---|---|
Issue date: | 09/11/2018 |
From: | Amy Cubbage NRC/NRO/DSRA/ARPB |
To: | |
Cubbage A, NRO/DSRA/ARPB, 415-9F28 | |
References | |
Download: ML18253A109 (37) | |
Text
X-energy Xe-100 Reactor Initial NRC Meeting September 11, 2018
X-energy: Who We Are Harlan Bowers
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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BRIDGING GAPS COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS NEED GOVERNMENT ACTION NOW REIMAGINING NUCLEAR ENERGY I began X-energy because the world needs energy solutions that are clean, safe, secure, and affordable. With so much at stake, we cannot continue down the same path.
Dr. Kam Ghaffarian, Founder & CEO
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
3 TECHNOLOGY Technology must be licensable LICENSING Licensing timeframe should be aligned with business case ECONOMICS Technology offering must support business case
To be the worlds leader in development of High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactors and the Fuel to supply to those reactors:
- Establish the organization needed to achieve our development goals;
- Maintain an effective Safety and Quality culture throughout the organization;
- Foster trust-based relationships with customers and government agencies;
- Create win-win relationships with industry partners and suppliers; and
- Implement robust and accurate project management to ensure efficient, cost-effective performance.
To Change the World through innovative and implementable energy solutions - for domestic and international customers; for all communities; in a safe, secure, long-term, and economically viable way.
4 X-energy Mission Statement
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Reactorto differentiate X-energy by:
- Serving niche markets where long-term nuclear co-generation (electricity and process heat) energy has an advantage
- Advance our reactor designs by winning and successfully executing multiple DOE and other U.S. Agency funding opportunities Fuelto be a competitive provider of high-quality TRISO-based UCO fuel form, supplying X-energy and other advanced reactors LicensingTo pursue nuclear power plant and fuel fabrication facility licenses in the U.S. through the Nuclear Regulatory Commission 5
X-energy Strategy
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
X-energy formed in 2009 2018 Expenditure Forecast: ~$24M Full Time Equivalents: 65 people X-energy Strategic Partners including: Centrus Energy, TI, MPR Associates, Burns & McDonnell, Aerotherm, Southern Nuclear Development, multiple national labs Company Profile U.S. DOE Contracts -
- 2016 - Advanced Reactor Concepts: $53M
- 2018 - Advanced Reactor Technology: $10M
- Primary National Lab Support - ORNL, INL, ANL, SNL 6
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
2018 Total Spend Indirect
$4.9M 21%
Reactor Development
$7.9M 33%
TRISO-X
$11.1M 46%
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
$535
$62
$1,290
$1,694
$2,162
$6,249
$6,935
$8,962
$10,637
$23,900 Contractors Employees Equipment & Other
7 X-energy Experienced-Based Leadership Team Dr. Eben Mulder SVP, Chief Nuclear Officer 30 years of experience in pebble bed design and architecture Jeff Harper VP for Business Development 30 years of experience in nuclear program management, business development, and strategy Dr. Martin van Staden VP for Reactor Development 28 years of experience in power generation including nuclear and renewables Harlan Bowers President 20 years of experience managing large (over
$100M/yr) government task orders and performance-based contracts Ralph Loretta Chief Financial Officer 30 years of experience in energy generation
& distribution financial management Dr. Pete Pappano VP for Fuel Production 15 years of experience in graphite & fuel fabrication Carol Lane Government Relations 30 years experience including service as U.S.
Senate staff, service with the federal government, and industry Clint Medlock Southern Nuclear Consultant 27 years of nuclear energy experience and management
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
8 Partners Supporting Deployment X-energy Advisory Committee
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
X-energy Strategic Partners
9 X-energy Organization
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Overview - Pebble Bed High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) 10
~220,000 pebbles in the reactor core
~18,000 Uranium Oxycarbide TRISO particles in a pebble
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Helium Flow Path
~20 Meters
~4.88 Meters
X-energy: Technology Overview Dr. Martin van Staden
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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Reasons for selection of HTGR as a technology:
- Proven safety with more than 30 years of test and operational history
- Potential deployment timeline within 2025-2030 timeframe
- Technology demonstration and licensability
- Significant U.S. DOE investment in NGNP through development and testing of UCO TRISO based fuel Reason for Selection of HTGR Pebble Prismatic
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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Three Pillars for deployment success:
- Licensing
- Technology readiness
- Competitive offering (Economic)
X-energy performed a one-year trade study to determine the following parameters:
- Fuel form - pebble vs. prismatic
- Optimum reactor size Licensing / Technology / Economics In this study the following designs were reviewed:
- Pebble bed ranging from 30 MWt to 600 MWt
- Prismatic designs between 350 MWt and 600 MWt The study showed a 200 MWt pebble bed reactor with online refueling could provide a burnup of 160,000 MWd/tHM giving it an advantage over the prismatic designs that have an 18-20 month fuel cycle
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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30-48 MWt 100 MWt 125 MWt Pre-conceptual Design 200 MWt The
- volution ST-OTTO (ThUO)
OTTO (UO2)
OTTO (UCO)
Multi-pass (UCO) 14 Multi-pass (UCO)
Conceptual Design 200 MWt Licensing / Technology / Economics
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
X-energy is currently completing conceptual design of its Xe-100 reactor:
- Use of well proven UCO TRISO based fuel
- Proven intrinsic safety
- Operated without the need for a water source
- Load-following to 40% power within 15 minutes
- Continuous online fueling with passive on-site spent fuel storage
- Requires less time to construct (2.5 to 4 years)
- Factory assembled road transportable components/systems
- Deployable for electricity generation, process heat or co-generation
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Reactor Development 15 Xe-100 Plant Output
Innovative visualization of particles in pebble Optimized UCO kernel TRISO coating in modern CVD furnace Fuel is an integral part of the reactor safety basis and economics, therefore X-energy is developing in-house fuel manufacturing capability building on what was done through the DOE NGNP program.
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Role of TRISO Fuel in Reactor Safety 16
~18,000 TRISO coated particles in a pebble
~220,000 pebbles in the core 0.425mm 0.855mm 60mm
Xe-100 Reactor and Steam Generator Detail 17 Reactor Graphite Reflector Material IAW ASME Section III, Division 5 Irradiation program at ORNL underway Reactor Pressure Vessel Material Component Material Bottom Head, Manway Shell, Crossover vessel SA-508, Grade 3, Class 1 Vessel Flange, Top Head CRDM Housings SA-508, Grade 3, Class 2 Top Head Fasteners SB-637, Alloy 718 Center Manway Fasteners Bottom Manway Fasteners SA-540, B24, Class 1 Note: All material selections within existing ASME code requirements, no code cases needed
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Nuclear Island Conventional Island Xe-100 Energy Balance Process Flow Diagram Plant Gross Efficiency = 40.8%
Plant Net Efficiency = 37.4%
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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Xe-100 Reactor Four Module Plant Layout (300 MWe) 19
- Scalable: allows for sequential reactor build-out based on power demand
- Small: can be built on 13 acres of land and allows for grid independence
- Safe: small EPZ potential allows building close to existing infrastructure
- Plant Life: designed to achieve total life of at least 60 years Xe-100 4-Pack Plant Illustrative Reactor buildings Control Room &
Electrical Building Spent Fuel Storage Admin &
Security Cooling Towers HV Yard Turbine Buildings
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Technology Implementation Dr. Martin van Staden
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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Requirements Definition and Flow-down X-energy is following a strict Systems Engineering approach for the design of the Xe-100 Plant All requirements are managed using a requirements management tool Core to track requirements flow down The Product Design Requirements Document (PDRD) interprets all requirements on a Plant Level and flows them down into the lower level systems DDN: Design Data Need SDD: System Design Description SSC: Systems Structures &
Components PDRD: Product Design Requirements Document
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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22 Design Integration Realization Com-missioning Basic/Detail Design Conceptual Design Pre-Concept Definition Development Decom-mission Operations Utilization Retire PDR CDR CDRR Construction Program Life Cycle PPA ORR DCA DCA:
Design Completion Assessment ORR:
Operational Readiness Review PPA:
Plant Performance Assessment Currently here
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
CDRR: Concept Design Readiness Review PDR:
Preliminary Design Review CDR:
Critical Design Review
System Engineering Process - Conceptual Design Phase 23 Develop Baseline Analyze Integrated System Performance Higher Level Requirements,
& Solution Descriptions Previous Phase Compile Baseline Documentation Functions &
Requirements Functional Concepts Physical Concepts Physical concept verification Verify system behavior Physical Concepts Engineering Data Functional allocation Verification Develop Functional Architecture Develop Physical Architecture Phase C1 Phase C4 Phase C3 Phase C2 Phase C5 Identify Design Data Needs (DDNs)
Develop Technology /
Technical Data Design Review #1 Design Review #2 Design Review #3 Design Review #4 Gate Review Start Phase Gate Review End Phase Next Phase Conceptual Design Sub-Phases:
C1 - Design Basis:
Functions/requirements identified and allocated, C2-Functional Definition:
System functional architecture defined, C3-Physical Definition:
System physical concept developed, C4-Performance Evaluation:
System behavior demonstrated C5-Baseline Documentation:
System solution adequately described Each design phase is executed through a methodical process with certain deliverables and reviews after each sub-phase
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
24 Reactor Integrated Design Process
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Max dose at site boundary Releases from building Radionuclide Source Term Calculation Path 25 Element / Isotope Form / State Mechanism Physical Phenomena Methods / Software Codes Iodine Silver Strontium Cesium
- Release from TRISO particles into matrix graphite
- Activation of impurities Temperature, irradiation time, fast fluence, burnup, particle defects, contamination VSOP, MGT SCALE, PARCS, ORIGEN FLOWNEX XS-Term STAR-CCM+
Iodine, Silver Strontium Cesium Graphite dust Gaseous FPs Metallic FPs Dust Particles
- Diffusion from pebble into the helium stream
- Activation of impurities Temperature, irradiation time, fast fluence, burnup, contamination VSOP, MGT SCALE, PARCS, ORIGEN, FLOWNEX XS-Term STAR-CCM+
Iodine, Silver Strontium, Cesium Graphite dust Metallic dust Gaseous FPs Metallic FPs Dust Particles
- Leakage from HPB into building and structures
- Activation of impurities Instrumentation line
- failure, small & large pipe breaks, plate-out, liftoff ORIGEN XS-Term STAR-CCM+
Flownex Iodine, Silver Strontium, Cesium Graphite dust Metallic dust Gaseous FPs Metallic FPs Dust Particles
- Transport throughout building to the environment Plate-out, liftoff XS-Term MELCOR STAR-CCM+
Iodine, Silver Strontium, Cesium Graphite dust Metallic dust Gaseous FPs Metallic FPs Dust Particles
- Atmospheric dispersion
- Ingestion Postulates XS-Term STAR-CCM+
Releases from Pressure boundary Releases from fuel elements (pebbles)
Releases from TRISO fuel particles Source Term Path
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Development of Analysis Tool Roadmaps 26 X-energy has developed a number of roadmap documents in conjunction with the DOE Labs and prominent universities:
Neutronics analysis tools roadmap CFD heat transfer analysis V&V Roadmap Mechanistic Source Term Roadmap Graphite Core Structures Design Roadmap Example of Heat Transfer CFD V&V Roadmap
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Reactor Design Analysis Neutronics
3D Geometry
Thermal flow Static & thermal load stress analysis New core design (Neutronics)
Detailed 3D CAD RPV FEA Detailed CFD
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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28 Analyses Examples SG Tube Bundle Circulator Detailed Pebble bed DEM Pebble flow RPV & Core Barrel Core Barrel Core Structures SG Structures
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
SG Flow
29 Verification and Validation Using models to perform verification and validation of simplified porous media models Directly export Discrete Element Model (DEM) results to mesh pebbles Heat is generated in the fuel core zone of the pebble, providing valuable insight into the pebble temperature distribution DEM Detailed randomly packed physical geometry meshed for CFD analysis
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
Graphite Modeling & Irradiation Structural graphite performs the following important functions in a pebble bed reactor:
- Defines the core geometry
- Defines the helium flow path
- Reflects neutrons
- Provides heat removal path and heat capacitance during loss of forced flow events X-energy has developed in-house graphite lifetime analysis tools for prediction graphite lifetime using guidelines outlined in ASME Section III Division 5 Graphite irradiation campaign is underway with SGL at Oak Ridge in HFIR
- Temperature range is between 250°C and 750°C
- Dose range up to 30 dpa Graphite Irradiation test envelope Graphite Structural Analysis
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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Nuclear Island Conventional Island Comprehensive full system analysis using Flownex compressible transient flow code (NQA 1 compliant)
Perform system transients and develop control philosophy Comprehensive Systems Analysis Detailed 2D Reactor sub-model
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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Program Status Clint Medlock
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT X-energy began activities July 1, 2016 on a 5-year, $53M cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy focused on:
- Furthering the Xe-100 reactor design
- Establishing pebble fuel manufacturing capability
- NRC engagement MAJOR ACCOMPLISHMENTS
- Developed structural graphite TRL and operating envelope
- Developed probabilistic risk assessment fault tree
- Completed three white papers on regulatory issues
- Developed unique mechanistic source term codes
- Implemented a plant level engineering analysis toolset software package
- Developed Porous media heat transfer model and performed initial V&V using detailed pebble CFD X-energy Advanced Reactor Concepts Award
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
33 Source term code development Graphite lifetime modelling Plant level engineering analysis toolset Probabilistic risk assessment Porous media heat transfer model
Program Status
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
34 System CD Maturity Current Phase
(% CPLT)
Plant-Level Definition Plant System C4 C2 (20%)
Distributed Control System C4 C3 (90%)
Investment Protection System C2 C1 (20%)
Plant Site C2 Pre-Concept Major Systems Definition (supporting Licensing Basis)
Reactor System C4 C3 (80%)
Steam Generator System C4 C3 (75%)
Reactor Cavity Cooling System C4 C3 (40%)
Fuel Handling System C3 C3 (35%)
Spent Fuel Storage Facility C3 C3 (10%)
Helium Circulator System C2 C2 (100%)
Helium Services System C2 C2 (100%)
Reactor Protection System C4 C2 (0%)
Startup and Shutdown System C3 Pre-Concept Nuclear Island Civil Structures C3 Pre-Concept Auxiliary Systems Definition Nuclear Island HVAC System C2 Pre-Concept Nuclear Island Cooling Water System C2 Pre-Concept Nuclear Island Electrical System C2 Pre-Concept NI Fire Detection and Suppression System C0 Pre-Concept Plant Access and Security System C1 Pre-Concept
Acronyms and Abbreviations
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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-A-ANL Argonne National Laboratory
-C-CAD Computer Aided Design CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics CRDM Control Rod Drive Mechanism CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
-D-DDN Design Data Need DEM Discrete Element Modeling DOE Department of Energy
-E-EPZ Emergency Planning Zone
-F-FEA Finite Element Analysis FP Fission Products
-H-HFIR High Flux Isotope Reactor HM Heavy Metal HTGR High-Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor HV High-voltage
-I-INL Idaho National Laboratory Acronyms and Abbreviations N-NGNP Next Generation Nuclear Plant Alliance NQA National Quality Assurance NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission
-O-ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory
-P-PDRD Product Design Requirements Document RPV Reactor Pressure Vessel
-S-SDD Systems Design Description SG Steam Generator SNL Sandia National Laboratories SSC Systems Structures & Components
-T-TRISO Tristructural ISOtropic
-U-UCO Uranium oxide - carbide mixture
-V-V&V Verification and Validation
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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X Energy, LLC 7701 Greenbelt Road, Suite 320 Greenbelt, MD 20770 Phone: 301.358.5600 www.x-energy.com
@xenergynuclear
© 2018 X Energy, LLC, all rights reserved Nuclear Energy. Reimagined.
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