ML18227A956

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Submit Semiannual Environmental Report No. 9, January 1, 1977 Through June 30, 1977
ML18227A956
Person / Time
Site: Turkey Point  
(DPR-031, DPR-041)
Issue date: 09/07/1977
From:
Florida Power & Light Co
To:
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
References
Download: ML18227A956 (140)
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Text

FLORIDA POWER 8 LIGHT COf'1PANY TURKEY POINT PLANT UNITS 5 a 0 FLORIDA POWER 5 LIGHT COMPANY SEf'/I'D'4/U/-'L ENVIRONflEfITAL REPORT NO, 9" JANUARY 1, 1977 THROUGH JUNE 50, 1977

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TABLE OF CONTENTS III.

IV.

V.

Introduction Records of Monitoring Requirement.

Surveys and Samples Analysis of Environmental Data A.

Chemical B.

Thermal C.

Physical and Nutrient Data D.

Plan/ton l.

Zooplankton 2.

Phytoplankton 3.

Chlorophyll a E.

Grand Canal Discharge Area Revegetation F.

Fauna G.

Chlorine Usage H.

Fish a Shellfish and Benthos Records of Changes in Survey Procedures Special Environmental Studies Not Required by the E.T.S.

~acae 5

5 13 34 34 51 75 76 81 86 86 86 VI.

VII.

Violations of the E.T.S.

Unusual Events, Changes to the Plant,

ETS, Permits or Certificates.

87 VIII. Studies required by the ETS not included in this Report.

87

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I I

1 e

I I'

I.

INTRODUCTXON This report is submitted in accordance with Turkey Point, Plant Environmental Technical Specifications, Appendix B, Section 5.4.a.

This report covers the period January 1,

1977 through June 30, 1977.

II.

RECORDS OF MONITORING REQUIREMENT SURVEYS AND SAMPLES The results of the chemical analyses conducted at the out-let of Lake Warren are shown on pages 2 and 3 of this report.

Page 4 contains the amounts of chemicals added from Units 3 and 4 to the circulating water system.

A summary of thermal data is given in section XII.B of this report.

1

TURKEY POINT PLANT UNITS 3

6 4

pH I DISSOLVED OXYGEN AND SALINITY LAKE WARREN DISC1&RGE YEAR 19 77 NO.

DAY oH RY D.O. Sar.

EB RUARY D.O. Sax.

MARC D.O. Sa AP RZL D.O Sa MAY JUNE 8.05

.2 36.0

8. 1 4. 7 36.0
8. 10

.6

36. 5 8. 05 4;40 38.0

~ 10

. 4 41.5 8.0 3.6 35.5 8.05 8.05

8. 05
8. 05
8. 05

. 4 36.5

8. 1

.5

8. 05:

. 1 36.5 8.0

.5 36.5 8.1 5.2 36.5 8.1

.0 36.0

8. 1 5.3 36.5 8.10 5.2 36.0 8.10 4.9 37.0 8.10 4.5 36.5 8.10 5.0 36.5 8.10 4.8 36.5 8.00

.9 36.5

8. 05

. 1 37.0 8.0

.9 37.0 8.0

.4 37.0 8.0

.3 37.0 8.0

.2 37.0 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.2 38.0

.05

.4 40.0

.10

.4 40.0

.10

.5 40.0 8.10

.5 40.0

8. 10

.6 40.

8.10

.2 41.5 41 '

41.5 32.0

36. 0
36. 5 8.0 4 '

34.5 8.0 4.3 33.5 8. 00 4. 3 32.5 8.0 4.5 32 5

8.0 4.4 32 5

8.00 4. 0 34.0 8.05

.1 37.0 8.1 6.

4.8 36

~ 5 8.10 5.

.6

37. 5 7.
8. 05 8.

4

~ 6 4.9 40.5-8.00

.4 41.0 8.00

.1 36.0 36.0 8.00 3. 5 34.52 8.00 3.6 34.5'7.0

8. 1 5.3 8.05
8. 05 5.5 37.0 8.0 4.7 36.5 8.05 4.5 36.5 8.00

.9

37. 5 8. 05

.0 37.5 S.CI9

4. 35 40.0 8.00

.5 33.0 34.

S.CO 3.7 34.5;

8. 05 5.8 37.0
8. 1 4.9 36.5
8. 10

.4 36.5 8.0 4.8 40.0 8.00

.5 33.0 8.00 3.6 35.0I

8. 10 8.05 5

~ 4 5.2 37.0 8.10 37.0 8.10

4. 7 37.0 8.03 4.4 35.0 8.02 4 '

37.5 8.0 3.6 37.5 S.CO 4.4 4.4 40.0 8.00

.2 40.5 8.00

.3 3

.0 33.0 34.0 34.5j

3. 8 8.10 3.7 35.5:

t 8

F 01 3.9 35.5 8.05 4.9 36.0 8.0 4.6 34.0 8

F 00 4.0

37. 5 8. CO 4.3 40.5 8.00

.7 34.0 S.CO 3 ' '5.5 8.

5 6.1

36. 0 8. 05 4.6 34.0 8.0 3.9 37.5 S.CO 4.5 40.0 8.00

.0 34.0 S.CO 3.6 35.5

.4 3

.0 5.6 34.5 37.

8.

4.8 40.0 8.

2

.1 34.0 S.CO 3. 3 36.

8. 03 6.2 36.0 8.0 5.5 34.5 8.00 3.8 37.5 8.

4.4 40.5 8.0 5.0 34.0 8.

3.2 36.CI

8. 05 6.5 36.0 8.0 5.2 35.0 8.00 3.95 37.5 8.

4.5 40.5 8.014.8

34. 5 8.
3. 0 36.0I
8. 05 8

~ 1 35.5

8. 1 6.6 5.9 35.5 8.

5.1 4

35.0 8.00 5.9 36.0 8.00 4.00 4.00

38. 5 8.'0 38.5 8.0 4.3 4.6 40.0 8.015.0 40.5 8.015.2 34.0 34.5 8.

8.

3. 8 35.0
3. 2 36.3 6.0
8. 05
8. 05 36.0 8.
36. 0 8.

6.1

.8 3.0 4.

3 8.

5'.6 36.0 8.0 5.0 36.0 8.0 4. 10 38.5 8.

4.

38.

8.

4.20 38.0 8.

4.5 4.6

4. 3 40.5 8.014.6 41 '

8 '44.3 40.5 8.063.7 35.0 35.0 35.5 8.

8.

8.

4. 2 37.
4. 0 37.5 3.4 38.
8. 05 8.0 8.1 5.6 36.5 8.

.0 3

5 8.

5.2 36.5 8.

4.9 36.5 4.9 36.5 8.0 4.5 36.5 8.05 4.1 36.5 8.00 S.OQ

4. 70 38.0 8.

4.82 39.0 8.

4. 30 40.0 8

~

4. 80
39. 5 8.

4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6

40. 5 8.0
3. 5 41.0 8.0 3.6 41.0 8.1 3.6 41.5 8.06 3. 7 35.5 35.5 35.0

.34. 5 8.

8.

8.

8.

3.2 388) 3.0 383

3. 6 39.3
3. 6 39.0 0

8.0 5.1 36.5

8. 05 4.85 41.5 8.

4.6'1 '

8.0 3.6 8.0 3.5 35.5 35.5 8.

3.6 39

l 1

FLORIDA PONER LXGHT COMPANY TURKEY POINT PLANTS UNITS 3

6 4

LAKE NARREN DISCHARGE NOTE:

All Results in mg/L YEAR l977 DATE T.

RES.

CHLOR.

ANMONIA B.O.D.

C,O.D..

Cu Zn Co As.

Hg OIL Cx Pb 1 7 77 1/14/77 1/21/77 1/28/77

<0. 2

<0. 2

<0 ~ 2

<0. 2 529 507 212 319

<0.02 0.05

<0 02

<0.001.

0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002 2/4/77 2/11/77 2/18/77

<0. 2

~

<0.

2'0.

2 312 193 186

<0.02 0.13

<0.02

~<0.001 0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0. 02 2/25/77 3/4/77 3/11/77 f

3/19/77 I

3/25/77 4/1/77 4877 4 15 77 4/22/77 4/29/77 5/6/77 5/13/77 5/20/77 5/27/77

<0. 2

<0.2

<0.2

<0. 2

<0.2

<0.2

<0 2 w0.2

<0.2

<0.2

<0. 2

<0. 2

<0 ~ 2

<0. 2 122 145 145 261 285 173 189 191 244 279 266

'53 414

<0.02

<0.02

<0. 02

0. 07 0.06

'0. 06

<0.02

<0.001

<0.02

<0.001

<0.02

<0.001

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0'.0002

<0.0002

<0. 02

<1

<0.02

<0. 02

<0 5

<0.05 6/3/77 6/10/77 6/1~7/77 6/24/77

-6/30/77

<0. 2

<0. 2

<0. 2

<0 ~ 2

<0. 2 343 347 447 291 275

<0.02

'0.'03

<0.02

<0.001

<0. 0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0.0002

<0. 0002

<1

<0.02

<0. 05

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III.

ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DATA A.

Chemical Analysis of pH monitoring results

shows, once again, the same trends that have been observed for the, last four years and reported in previous semiannual reports.

pH ranged from a low of 8.00 to a high of 8.10.

Dissolved Oxygen ranged.

from a low of 3.0 mg/L during June to a high of 6.6 mg/L in January,

again, as expected.

Salinity con-centrations ranged from 32.5 ppt during the rainy season, to 41.5 ppt during the dry season.

No chlorination of the Circulating Nater System was per-formed during this six-month period and therefore, no residual chlorine tests were performed.

Once again, ammonia and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels remained at or below the respective detection limits.

Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) levels averaged 277 mg/L for the period, with a min/max of 122/529.

No appreciable change can be seen in the amounts of chem--

icals discharged to the cooling system.

After processing in the plant's waste treatment facilities and mixing with the circulating water system waters, these chemicals are undetectable.

Heavy metals concentrations remained at their previous levels.

III.B THERMAL Thermal data collected have been summarized into tempera-ture time duration curves by month, for both inlet and outlet.

These are shown on pages 6 and through 11.

ll

TABLE III.B.1 TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE JANUARY 1977 UNITS 3

6 4 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME 18 37 104 121 102 i

58 19 37 31 48 23 38 37 25 12 4

9 4

13 3

75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 2.4 7.4 21.4 37.7 51.4 59.2 61.8 66.8 70.9 77.4 80.5 85,6 90.6 93.9 95.6 96.1 97.3 97.8 99.6 100.0 3

16 44 35 51 41 64 72 75 66 40 36 31 53 30 21 13 13 24 15 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76.

75 74 73 72 j I 0.4 2.6 8.5

13. 2 20;1 25.6 34.2 43.9
54. 0
62. 9
68. 2
73. 1
77. 3 84.4 88.4 91.3 93.0 94.8 98.0 100.0

TABLE III.B.2 TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE FEBRUARY 1977 UNITS 4 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME ll 5

24 14 29 78 49 45 27 84 54 85 46 30llll 13ll 18 21 3

0 3

82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 1.6 2.4 6.0 8.0 12.4 24.0 31.3 37.9 42.0 54.5 62.5 75.1 82.0

86. 5-88.1 89.7 91.7 93.3 96.0
99. 1 99.6
99. 6 100. 0 8

0 18 3

14 14 46 35 62 61 35 60 74 59 63 29 23 14 14 20 16 4

99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 04 83 82 81 80 79 78 1.2 1.2 3.9 4.3 6.4 8.5 15.3 20.5 29.8 38.8 44.0 53.0 64.0 72.8

82. 1 86.5 89.9 92.0 94.0 97.0 99.4 100.0

TABLE III.B';: 3 TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE MARCH-1'977 UNITS 3

4 INTAKE LAKE'ARREN.OUTLET NUMBER OF HOURS 40 32 58 39 69 77 47 42 26 43 51 49 67 45 28 14 10 6

1 TEMPERATURE 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 ACCUMULATED TIME -~%

5.4 9.7

17. 5 22.7 32.0 42.3 48.7 54.3

'57. 8 63.6 70.4 77.0 86.0 92.1 95.8 97.7 99.1 99.9 100.0 NUMBER OF EIOURS 12 19 70 45 67 51 58 41 40 45 30 39 36 39 36 25 26 32 16 9

6 2

TEMPERATURE 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 04 83 82 ACCUMULATED TIME 1.6 4.2

13. 6 19.6 28.6 35.5
43. 3 48.8 54.2 60.2 64.2 69.5 74.3 79.6 84.4 87.8 91.3 95.6 97.7 98.9
99. 7 100. 0

TABLE III.B. 4 TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE APRIL 1'977 UNITS 3

6 4 INTAKE LAKE WARREN OUTLET NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME NUMBER 0>F HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED.

TIME 5

50 82 119 78 52 76 60 59 89 35 5

8 2

84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 0.7 7.6

19. 0
35. 6 46.4

. 53.6 64.2 72.5 80.7 93.1 97.9 98.6 99.7 100.0 36 39 25 59 45 74 65 74 56 48 57 36 32 17 15 7

10 10 9

6 100 99 98 97

'96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 04 83 82 81 5.0

10. 4
13. 9
22. 1 28.3 38.6 47.6 57.9 65.7 72.4 80.3 85.3 89.7
92. 1
94. 2
95. 1
96. 5
97. 9
99. 2 100. 0

TABLE III.B.5 TIME DURATION CURVES TEMPERATURE MAY 1977 UNITS 3 6

4 INTAKE LAKE NA'RREN OUTLET NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME 1

5 20 61 99 62 29 D

17 50 29 37 50 82 82 47 56 17 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84.

83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 0.1 0.8 3.5 11.7 25.0 33.3 37.2 39.5 46.2 50.1 55.1 61.8 72.8 83.9 90.2 97.7 100.0 4ll 32 30 27 60 30 20 42 42 65 73 78 60 52 77 27 4

3 5

2 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 0.5 2.0 6.3

10. 3 14.0
22. 0 26.1 28.8 34.4 40.1 48.8 58.6 69.1 77.2 84.1 94.5 98.1 98.7 99.1 99.7 100.0

TABLE III.B.6 TIME DURATION CURVE = TEMPERATURE JUNE 1977 UNITS 3

6 4 INTAKE LAKE NARREN OUTLET NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME '-

NUMBER OF HOURS TEMPERATURE ACCUMULATED TIME 13 73 116 129 89 44 42 35 44 48 21 15 19 20ll 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 1.8 12.0 28.1 46.0 58.4 64.5

70. 4
75. 2 81.4 88.0 91.0 93.0 95.7 98.5 100.0 5

75 65 93 51 61 47 61 45 63 52 15 35 16 20 8

3 2

2 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 gn 93 92 91 0.7 ll-l 20.2 33.1 40.2 48.7

55. 2 63.7 70.0 78.7 86.0 88.0 92.9
95. 1
97. 9
99. 0 99.4 99.7 100.0

No major differences were observed between this six-month period and the same periods in 1974, 1975 and 1976.

Listed below are the maximum inlet and outlet temperatures in degrees Farenheit.

Max. Inlet, Temp.

1974 1975 1976 1977 Max. Outlet Tem 1974 1975 1976 1977 January February March April Nay June 81 86 80 75 81 89 83 82 85 92 86 85 86 90 86 84 90 92 87 91 91 96 90 94 94 99 97 101 101 102 101 101 105 105 108 110 96 98 102 102 10S 106 90 99 103 100 105 109

J

III-C.

PHYSICAL AND NUTRIENT DATA A. PHYSICAL DATA PURPOSE The purpose of this section is to provide basic physical data to help in the interpretation of the plankton reports which follow.

This report deals with data collected on a monthly basis during plankton sampling.

More detailed temperature,

salinity, and dissolved oxygen data can be found in another section of this report.

METHODS AND PROCEDURES 1.

Temperature was measured by a Y.S.I. Telethermometer.

+

o Accuracies were - 0.1 C.

2.

Salinities were measured with an American Optical

+

Refractometer.

Accuracies were 1 PPT.

3.

Dissolved oxygen was measured with a Y.S.I. Probe type

+

oxygen meter.

Accuracies were 0.2 PPM.

All instruments were calibrated before each sampling date.

All measurements were made in the top meter of water.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The maximum temperature measured in the cooling canal system was 36.4 C with 28.2 C in Biscayne Bay and Card Sound.

0 0

The maximum temperature both within the cooling system and.

the Bay were lower than in the same period last year.

0 The minimum temperature measured in the system was 19.2 C

recorded in February, and 18.7 C in the Bay recorded the same 0

month.

The average temperature of the Bay continued to be lower by approximately 2.0 C

than the power plant intake.

There was a range of 17.2 C between the maximum and mini-0 mum temperatures in the cooling canal system for this period.

The maximum salinity "in the cooling canals was, 41.5 PPT or 2.5 PPT higher than the maximum in the Bay.

Most,,of this period of the year is considered the dry season, however. during I

May and June of 1977, 15.85 inches of rain fell.

The lowest salinities in the system, reported in the westernmost

canal, were due to the operation of the interceptor ditch pump for salt water intrusion control.

The range of salinities in the system, despite the station in the westernmost canal was 13 PPT and in the Bay 6.S PPT.

I Salinities in the cooling canal system, as in the Bay, are within the tolerable limits of the marine organisms of the area.

Due to the elevated temperatures of the cooling canal

system, the average dissolved oxygen is 0.9 PPM lower than in Biscayne Bay.

The lowest value for the system was 3.9 PPM.

This is a sufficient oxygen supply for the organisms therein.

B.

NUTRIENT DATA METHODS AND PROCEDURES Samples were collected monthly from 12 sample points within the canal system, and 3 control points in the Bay and Card Sound.

Acid washed, ground glass stoppered, clear glass containers were used for the ammonia samples with phenol alcohol added as

-,the preservative.

Dark glass containers were used for the other nutrient samples with mercuric chloride added as the preserva-tive.

All analyses were performed on a Technicon CS M-6 Auto-analyzer.

Data was recorded in PPM.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS System NH levels were down slightly over this period last 3

year, except in the May and June wet periods.

System NH3 levels were approximately 4X the Bay for this period.

Bay NH3 levels were consistent with this period last year.

System NO levels tended to be similiar to last year this 2

period, except during the May and June wet periods, in which they were higher.

System NO2 levels were 10X the levels in the

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Bay for this period.

Bay NO levels were equal to or slightly less than for this period last year.

System NO3 levels were dissimiliar in pattern to this period last year.

System NO3 levels were approximately 10X the Bay for this period.

Bay N03 levels were consistent with this period last year.

System I-P04 levels were similiar to last year this period.

System I-PO levels were approximately 4X the 1'evels in the Bay.

Bay I-PO (as above) levels were similiar to last year for this 4

period.

System T-PO4 levels were similiar to last year this period.

System T-PO4 levels were approximately 4X the Bay levels.

Bay T-P04 levels were slightly lower than this period last year.

The apparent cycling of the ammonia, nitrite, and nitrates seen in the canal system in previous years appeared to have been repeated this period.

The sole objective of these analyses was to provide a

more complete picture of the various parameters correlated with the plankton in the system.

III.D PLANKTON 1.

ZOOPLANKTON METHODS AND PROCEDURES Methods and procedures were as previously reported using a standard 5" Clarke-Bumpus Sampler with a 410 mesh net and bucket.

Sampling was made in the top meter of the water column at a 1-3 mph speed.

Tows were approximately 5 minutes long in the canals and 3 minutes long in the Bay.

The methods of counting zooplankton in the laboratory were the same as previously reported.

Zooplankton organisms were divided into six categories as follows:

1.

COPEPODS including all cyclopoid, harpacticoid and monstrilloid copepods.

2.

GASTROPODS including all gastropod veligers.

3.

BIVALVES'ARVAEincluding all bivalve veligers.

4.

COPEPOD NAUPLII including all crustacea similiar in appearance to copepod nauplii (with the exception of cirripeds).

5.

CIRRIPED NAUPLII as distinguished from other nauplii.

6.,

OTHER ORGANISMS including all other zooplankton not included in the first five categories.

The data is given as number per liter for each of the groups of zooplankton.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS A lower level population of zooplankton continues to exist in the cooling canal system.

Howevex, the level for this period showed higher concentrations than those that were recorded for the same period last year.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound the zooplankton concentra-tions remained approximately 8-10Z the levels as those found in the canal system.

A more indepth analysis on zooplankton will be made in the annual report.

COPEPODS The low levels of last year have continued through the first. half of 1977 in the cooling system.

The highest concen-tration was

.32 per liter while the average was less than

.1 per liter.

In the Bay the average xecorded for this period was 4.7 per liter, which was lower than 1976.

Copepod concentrations in the Bay were at their highest in February and at their lowest in March, with a slow rise until June.

In both the Bay and the cooling system copepods constituted a

majority of the organisms counted.

GASTROPOD AND BIVALVE LARVAE Both gastropod and bivalve larvae continued to be almost totally absent in the cooling system.

However, for the gas-I I

tropods, a level of.2 per liter was recorded in the months of May and June.

This is similar to 1976. data.

Bivalve larvae continued at essentially 0 per liter.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound gastropods were second only to copepods in total number.

They followed a cycle with t:he highest average concentrations in late winter.

The highest levels'or gastropods, for canal and Bay, in May and.June.

These high levels were apparently due to "blooms", while maximum average concentrations were in February and May.

Bivalves are always at a low level.

The highest concen-trations were.1 per liter reported in May and June.

This was higher than the level reported in 1976 and included a shift in pattern.

COPEPOD AND CIRRIPED NAUPLII Both nauplii are too small to be adequately sampled by a 0 10 mesh net.

In the cooling canal both nauplii levels were essentially zero.

The highest concentration for cirriped nauplii in the system was

.01 per liter and

.02 for copepod nauplii.

In general both nauplii are at very low levels in the system.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound both recorded maximum levels in March and April.

OTHER ZOOPLANKTON The average levels in both Bay and Card Sound continue to show the yearly cycling as seen in 1976.

The highest concentration was 1.9 per liter in the Bay and

.6 per liter in the cooling system.

The average level for the Bay was 0.4 per liter and

.04 in the system.

Other zooplankton organisms normally found in the cooling canals are fish eggs, fish larvae, shrimp larvae, zoea larvae, chaetognaths, polychaete larvae, tunicate larvae, and medusae.

In Biscayne Bay and Card Sound in addition to the previous

groups, nematodes, amphipods, cladocerans,
medusae, and ostracods are found.

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III.D.2 PHYTOPLANKTON INTRODUCTION The same procedures were used as in previous reports, viz.

13 Stations in Biscayne Bay and Card. Sound, and.

12 in the Canal system.

Ten Stations in the Bay and Sound were in the boat channel while three were located a short distance off the mainland.

A liter of surface water, was collected, 30-50 mls of formalin added, and the sample allowed to'ettle for several days.

The supernatant was then decadent until about 25 ml remained.

The sample was centrifuged, and examined at 100 and 400 diameters.

Results were tabulated in numbers per liter.

The obvious difficulty with this method is that some organisms are not easily identifiable after formalin preserva-tion and that many may be missed through inclusion in debris.

There is a limit to the amount of time available for examina-tion.

The counts for most of the samples are certainly con-servative, and some groups, notably small centric diatoms and zooflagellates are probably much more abundant than reported here in.

THE BAY MICROBIOTA Metazoa Table 1 lists all genera and/or species for t.he'ix months studied.

Metazoa were represented by nine groups of almost wholly larval forms.

Copepod nauplii were present at all Stations except the first three and ranged from 60 per liter in February to 336 in June.

February was an exceptionally cold month.

Blue reen al ae.

Myxophyceae This group is poorly represented in the plankton of the area.

Many species are encrusting or epiphytic, and many also seem to prefer poor quality water, or perhaps organical-ly polluted water, whereas the Biscayne Bay water is of good quality.

The most characteristic blue green in the plankton has been Gom hos haeria

~a onina although one bloom of Trichodesmium has occurred here.

A single species, Chlorella vulqaris was present in considerable abundance in June.

A few cells which may have been Chlorella, Nannochloris, or Hicrococcus were noticed at times but because of very small size and uncertain iden-tification, were not recorded.

Chlorococcales, and unicel-lular green algae are so few in salt water that very little importance can be attached to them.

Volvocidae.

Flagellated green algae This group,. so often forming blooms in fresh water, is rarely found in salt water.

A single small species, Pvramidomonas grossi is listed here, but is inconsenguential in biomass and numbers.

Again this is a large group, many species of which occur in both fresh and salt water.

Only two green species are shown in Table 1, whereas Butcher i

'~

lists Entretia, as having salt water or brackish water species.

These are all green and are active

swimmers, whereas the colorless forms are creepers.

Eutreptia viridis is found in organi-cally polluted sea water, and can be used as an indicator.

It loses its flagella readily on preservation, and many The three species listed in Table 1 are normally common, as a bloom in polluted water.

No such blooms have been ob-served at Turkey Point.

Silicofla ellida A single silicoflagellate ~Dict ocha fibula sas found in very limited numbers.

Chloromonadida None were noted.

Chr so h ceae This group was lacking.

Coccolitho hoida This group was lacking'.

The groups listed above, but excluding the blue green

algae, were not present in sufficient abundance to be of ecologic importance.

They may be adventious species or per-=

haps seeding species.

If environmental conditions become just right for any of them a bloom might develop.

There are two groups represented by large numbers and many species.

These are diatoms and.dinoflagellates with more than 48 and 47 species respectively.

Dinoflagellates preserve well, except for a few species

~R""

definite shape and size with well marked plates.

However, the smaller inshore species of Gvmnodinium are very difficult to place.

Most of those in the smallest size, about 10-20

microns, are not taken by a plankton net, and belong to species such as G.

~sim lex, G. alhulum and possihly some species not found in Schiller Those from about 20-30 (2)

The abundance of these two groups makes them important in the food chain.

Toxic dinoflagellates and Turkey Point Fish Kills The importance of the "red tide" organism;.

and its economic effects are so well known that documentation is once since the Turkey Point studies were initiated.

In 1977 this species has been implicated in a small fish kill at Port. Everglades, so it does occur on the East Coast.

There have been some fish kills in the Turkey Point area, generally credited to sudden temperature

drops, or high temperatures

-- above 95' In none of these have samples been taken for microorganism identifications and counting.

Sampling of any fish kill should be monitored.

dinoflagellate which has been found in the Turkey Point bay area for several years, always in small numbers. 'his year (Table

1) it has occurred in larger numbers, and chains of

'I

as many as eight cells have been

seen, which has not happened before.

Also, it has been abundant at three inshore Stations (X-3, Y-2 and R-3).

There have been swarms not blooms on several occasions.

Sweeny recently described a fish (3) kill in Malaysia, due to this dinoflagellate.

The swarms of this species found lately in Biscayne Bay could easily escalate to fish killing blooms which might be attributed by environmentalists to the xeactors there.

It is believed that G. breve will sooner or later also produce fish killing blooms in the area.

None of the dinoflagellates in Table 1 are presumed to be rare'.

Nor is the list presumed to be all inclusive.

The group is an important ecological entity and indicates water of good quality.

Bacillario hyceae.

Diatoms A large number of species and large populations are shown in Table 1.

Such plankton forms can be of importance in reaeration, in indicating water quality, and in the ood chain, especially of copepoda.

All of the diatoms in Table 1

presumably were living when put into formalin so that the figuxes represent a working population.

Ãost of them are readily identified from Cupp

, although some of them are (4) neritic forms swept into suspension by wind and tide.

The population is notable in lacking, large numbers and many species of Chactoceras and Rhizosolenia.

R. eriensis, recorded once, is regarded as an obligate fresh water species and this record is therefore questionable.

Some of the very small'iatoms may not be correctly identified.

Thus that oil immersion is reauired to identify it, and practically the same procedure for many very small naviculoid diatoms.

Perhaps Navicula should be discarded for "pennate diatomsro in this report.

In Table l some species are followed by "p.n."'hese are cases where satisfactory identification has not been'ade yet the particular organism is sufficiently distinct and abundant to have it taken into account in future samplings.

Thus Licmophora curvata p.n. is such a one.

It tends to be very abundant on slides suspended in the canal system for 24 to 48 hours5.555556e-4 days <br />0.0133 hours <br />7.936508e-5 weeks <br />1.8264e-5 months <br />.

Peragallo shows seven species in his illustrations of this genus, but none to fit this particular type, nor can it be found in numerous reprints on diatoms, nor in Hendy or other. papers.

See the discussion further along.

Bourelly (7) does not discuss this genus, yet it is important in the Turkey Point area but only as an epiplyte on slides.

Rhizo odoea-Protozoa Rhizopods are rare in the plankton, being primarily creeping in habit, Amocha sp.

and Gromia oviformis are probably adventitious here.

This is true of the unidentified clavate rhizopod.

The last is believed to be a new species.

Soomasti oohorea-Zooflagellates

These, too, were few in number of identified species.

The organism provisionally called Bodo elonaata is sometimes abundant.

It probably is a new species and not a Bodo at all, but. needs to be studied at high magnification and alive to correctly place it.

To unidentified cells represent large numbers of zoo-flagellates, dinoflagellates and perhaps a few minute ciliates as well as other organisms.

Their numbers make them important in the food chain and as, consumers of bacteria and, organic debris.

Cilio orea The more than 20 species of ciliates shown in Table l are not so abundant but their biomass is considerable.

The Ciliates represent the consumers, eating bacteria, diatoms and organic debris.

The most characteristic ciliates are Strombidium and Strobilidium, eating bacteria, diatoms and organic debris.

The most characteristic ciliates are Str.om-1'1' 1'1' 11 gl common in this area, Species are difficult to determine, but the many papers of Balech, and the conspectus of Kofoid 1

1 (8)

~

(9) described from Biscayne Bay while this work was in progress and from Great South Bay, Long Island, New York.

Some species of, Strombidium (S. conicum,

. S. strobilius) are quite distinctive, although S.

conicum was not found this time.

Strobilidium is not distinctive, but these two genera were studied in Florida water and very good keys were prepared for the two genera.

Strombidium here embraces at least three species, viz., S. sulcatum, S. delicatissimum, and S.

testaceum.

All are described in Eahl Strobilidium (l0) includes Strob.

minimum and Lahmaniella minima, Lahmaniella being a genus closely related to Strobilidium.

Altogether the Bay Ciliates constitute an interesting

group, are fairly abundant, but limited in number of species.

Host. of them are truly planktonic, the same types as found in inshore waters far removed from Turkey Point.

Not many of the pelagic ciliates, the loricate types, occur here, but loricate types are rare in the high seas, being taken primarily by plankton nets which strain large vo3.umes of water.

51ICROBIOTA OP THE COOLING CANA'LS These canals vere filled originally with Card Sound water and the Bay plankters it contained.

In the closed cooling system they are circulated repeatedly, and a

portion of them pass through the condensers.

It is not knovn hov many of the plankters are killed, but it is rough treatment and a percentage must be so eliminated.

Unless there is reproduction in the Canals there should be a

gradual shrinkage in numbers of species and in population density.

There should also be changes in the Canal water.

Salinity should increase.

nutrients such as Si02 and 0-PO4 should decrease, and temperature should show some slight increase.

At any rate the canals are changed environmentally from the quality of the Bay water.

The change is reflected in the Canal microbiota.

Comparisons of Ba

- and Canal Microbiota Table 2 shovs 99 groups,

genera, or species in the canal
samples, compared to 153 in the Bay.

The major differences are in the dinoflagellates, 36 in the Canals, 49 in the Bay;

diatoms, 36 in the Canals, 48 in the Bay; and ciliates, 12 in the Canals, 20 in the Bay.

The blue green algae nad more

groups, genera or species, 20 in the Canals, 11 in the Bay.

The minor groups were about alike except that the genera were dissimilar for the. most part.

Not only are there more organisms in the Bay but occurrences were greater:

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June Total Occurrences, Bay 223 237 274 380 359 459 Total Occurrences, Canals 104 159 250 255 328 267 This recapitulation shows the effect of warming trends in April, May and June, in the Bay, but it also shows some limitation in the Canals on species present.

In the Metazoa, it is apparent that production of nauplii is heaviest after March.

Since the nauplii do not prey on diatoms other, food must be abundant, perhaps organic debris.

Ciliate species are almost even in the two habitats insofar as occurrence is concerned.

Previously ciliates were decidedly restricted in the Canals.

No cause is apparent for their increase.

Dinoflagellate species are more abundant, and occur more frequently in the Bay.

Thus it is endemic here, there must have been adequate seeding initially, but the Canal environment is inhibitory.

Nine-teen species of dinoflagellates (actually more if all the Gymnodinia were named) in the Canals, against 49 in the Bay, indicates the degree of inhibition. It is not due to organic pollution for there are too few euglenids and volvocids which could be expected to flourish if organic pollution was present.

The number of blue green algae is about twice that for the Bay -- 20 compared to 11 species.

There are more kinds of diatoms in the Bay.

Accurac of S ecies Determination It is noted that in both tables many organisms are 1

termed "spp",

"No.

1 or 2", and "p.n."

Both species lists would.be longer if satisfactory determinations were avail-able.

Three organisms, C lindromonas sp.

(Euglenophyceae),

(Rhizopodea) are undescribed species.

None of these three have occurred in sufficient numbers or biomass to be of more than academic importance.

Many of those designated "p.n." are not satisfactorily identified to place them.

Most of the pennate types including those under "Navicula" are small which makes identification difficult.

Large diatoms show definitive characters, but

'everal large pennate types were not identified, Numbers er liter Numbers per unit of water represent population density and give some idea of biomass.

In these two tables a high degree of concentration is achieved..

For larger forms, usually more than 30 microns in one dimension, the numbers are reasonably accurate.

Thus 12 occurrences of Copepod nauplii in June (Table

2) approximates 416 per liter plus or minus a few.

But the factor for smaller forms is 16 times greater than that for large forms, and a much greater margin

showing 11 occurrences and 109S68 cells per liter is probably subject to a considerable error.

There were probably more than this, due to many being missed in attendant debris on the slide.

Only those cells which showed chloroplasts were counted,,

and those of uniform size.

Cells about 6

microns in diameter were freauently omitted since they may have been dead frustules, C. nana or minute cells of Thalassiosira.

C.

menecnhiana also occurs frequently in pairs, easily mistaken for a single cell.

Generally the organisms in Table 2 are less abundant than those in Table 1.

However, the very large numbers of diatoms in the Canal samples give Diatoms a considerably greater population.

The Bay contains a greater varietyr Jan Feb Nar Apr Nay June Diatom genera and species:

Bay Canals 22 23 24 35 28 34 21 13 21 27 17 21 The other major group, dinoflagellates has more Bay species and greater populations..

Dinoflagellate gener.a Bay Canals Jan Feb Mar Apr Nay June 17 19 14 21 22 32 8

9 7

9 10 9

Canals 856 1366 Dinoflagellate, numbers per liter:

Bay 3958 6030 5798 14474 14571 16156 2368 4074 5760 30128 Ciliates are more abudant in the Bay:

Ciliate genera Jan Feb Mar Apr May June K

Bay Canals 6

5 5

2 6

10 16 13 5

4 5

7

~Summa r The Bay biota represents a quite varied but balanced plankton population, not stressed by pollution or an unsuit-.

able environment.

Probably the greatest limiting factor is low 0-PO4.

There is a huge macroscopic algae growth in the Bay and the e must be strong competition for this nutrient.

This might. account for the absence of planktonic algae found in large numbers elsewhere, such as Escambia Bav.

In the Canals, the diatoms, and to a much lesser extent the blue 'green algaef dominate.

The number and quantity of macroscopic algae are small, so that competition is reduced.

However, as the water circulates, self competition can become operative.

The diatoms -- at least the pennate ones

-- are not true plankters but are generally bottom dwellers,,

where they are in contact with 0-P04 regenerated in the bottom sediments.

This still does not account for the abundance of Cyclotella which is planktonic, nor does it explain why silicon does not become restrictive.

The Canals have develooed a different biota, which indicates stress of some sort.

Refe'ren'ces

Butcher, R.

W. 196, An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters.

Parts 1,

2, and 8.

H.M.S. Stationery Office. London.

Schiller, Jos.

1933.

In Rabenhorst's Kryptogamen-Flora 10.

Flagellatae Sect. III. Part 1 Dinoflagellatae.

Sweeney, Beatrice M., 1975 In Proceedings First Inter-national Conference on Toxic Dinoflagellates.

Cupp, Easter E. 1945.'Marine Plankton Diatoms of the West Coast of North America. Univ. California Press, Berkeley.

Peragallo, H. and Peragallo M. 1897-1908.

Diatoms Marines de France, et des districts maritimes voisins.

I

Hendy, N. Ingram.
1964, An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters.

Part V.

Bacillariophyceae (Diatoms).

H.M.S. Stationery Office Bourelly, Pierre.

1968.

Les Algues d'au Douce. II Les Algues jaunes et brunes.

Editions N. Bouba et Cie. Paris Kofoid, Chas.

A. and'rthur S. Campbell.

1929.

A Conspectus of the Marine and Fresh Water Tintinnoinea, etc.

Univ. California Press, Berkeley.

Lackey James B. and Enrique Balech.

1966.

A Neo Marine Tintinnid. Trans.

Am. Mic. Soc.

85 (4) 575-578.

Kahl, A. 1932. In Die Tierwelt Deutschlands.

25 Teil.

Urtiere Oder Ciliata. Gustav Fischer, Jena.

TABLE 1 Number Occurrences and Numbers per Liter of Plankton at 13 Bay

Stations, January-June 1977 Occ = number occurrences P/L = number per liter Number Stations Metazoa Copepoda principally nauplii Bivalve larvae Gastropod larvae Nematoda Polychaete larvae Pluteus larvae Rotifera Tunicate larvae Unid.

Chlorophyceae Chlorella vulgaris-Volvocidae, green Pyramidomonas grossi Myxophyceae Aphanocapsa pulchra Chroococcus gigantea Chroococcus planetonica Gomphosphaeria aponina Johannesbaptisia pellucida Lyngbya aestuarii Lyngbya minuta Lyngbya sp.

Merismopedia tennissimus 13 13 13 13 13 13 11 248 12 60 12 240 2

8 4

16 1

12 2

8 13 182 4

20 5

32 1

4 3

12 1

4 10 264 2

8 2

8 13 336 7

120 2

8 1

4 2

8 1

4 2

8 2

8 3

16 2

8 3

44 3

16 5

36 3

12 4

16 7

40 2

8 3

28 7 1024 6 31040 1 2560 3

64 2

48 1

32-1 64 1

4 1 '2 1

4 2

64 4

160 3

52 9

544 3

260 2

64 9

104 6

300 4

100 6

256 2

64 2

8 5

192 3

416 4

352 7

356 4

156 8 1464 3

256 JAN 'EB MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L

0'

TABLE 1 (Cont'd)

Nyxophyceae Nodularia Oscillatoria Spirulina Trichodesmium Unid. colonial blue green Unid. filamentous blue green Dinophysidae Amphidinium crassum Amphidinium herdmani Amphidinium Klebsii Amphidinium Kofoidi Amphidinium operculatum Ceratium furca Ceratium lusus Dinophysis ovum Dinophysis punctata Diplopsalis lenticularis Exuviae13.a apora

'xuviaella marina Exuviaella minor p.n.

-Gonyaulax diegenesis Gonyaulax sp.

Gymnodinium srn.

Gymnodinium lge.

Gymnodinium splendens Gymnodinium 44 huge Goniodoma striatum Gyrodinium lachryma Gyrodinium pingue 1

4 2

64 1

64 5

288 1

32 1

32 2

192 2

64 11 84 1

4 5

96 6

60 1

4 13 1664 11 928 2

8 7

92 3

16 2

20 10 244 2

8 ll 3936 5

288 2

8 2

64 4

20 3

24 2

16 3

96 12 3936 13 2240 10 96 7

8 3

12 12 248 7

248 13 6752 13 2912 2

8 1

132 2

20 1

64 2

68 3

12 1

132 4

256 13 7040 13 2940 8

76 1

4 2

64 1

4 6

160 4

28 1

4 7'04 2

12 5

288 2

20 1

12 13 7776 13 3200 12 160 1

4 2

48 1

4 3

208 6

672 1

4 1

160 3

16 8

580 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L 2

12 1

32 4

86

TABLE 1 (Cont'd)

Dinophsidae JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Peridinium divergens Peridinium eligans Peridinium globulus Peridinium leonis Peridinium oblongum Peridinium pentagonum Peridinium tuba Peridinium trochoideum Peridinium depressum Peridinium sp.

Peridinium rotunda Polykrikos schwartzi Prorocentrum gracile Prorocentrum micans Prorocentrum Triangulatum Protoceratium xeticulatum Pyrophacus horologicum Pyrodinium bahamiensis Torodinium robustum Unid.

Bacillarieae 1

8 2

12 2

64 2

128 2

48 6

28 1

64 6

465 9

320 6

28 8

472 8

40 5

56 1

4 9

544 7

448

. 8 216 1

32 1

128 3

80 3

80 4

104 4

128 1

32 1

4 6

224 8

332 8

816 6

128 2

8 5

32 8

488 4

52 1

4 8

442 13 920 2

160 12 1248 13 1208 3

68 1

4 ll 280 5

128 ll 952 3

800 1

4 1

4 2

8 1

4 3

92 9

484 1

4 7

268 3

56 2

16 7

28 3

128 8

84 1

4 ll 1472 3

76 6

344 Amphiprora sp.

Amphora ovalis Amphora sp.

Asterionella japonica Biddulphia laevis Campylodiscus (noriscus?)

Campylosira cymbelli formis 1 ll 4

64 1

16 3

52 8

32 2

224 5

108 2

12 1

80 3

160 10 100 1

64 1

4 3

40 8

144 2

96 1

4 2

8 7 1516 11 888 1

4

1

'l I

TABLE 1 (Cont'd)

JAN FEB MAR Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L APR Occ P/L MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Bacillarieae Chactoceras spp.

Cocconeis spp;.

Coscinodiscus concinnus Cymatopleura solea Cyclotella meneghiana Cymbella sp.

Diploneis interrupta Gyrosigma angusta Gyrosigma minor Licmophora abbreviata Licmophora curvata p.n.

Licmophora flabellula Licmophora major Mastogloia sp.

Melosira monilata Navicula spp.

Nitzschia acicularis Nitzschia closterium*

Nitzschia longa Nitzschia paradoxa Nitzschia sigmoidea Opephora martyi Pleurosigma major p.n.

Pleurosigma nicobarium Rhizosolenia eriensis (fresh water)

Rhizosolenia setigera Striatella interrupta Striatella unipunctata 1

192 11 768 1

4 4

72 1

96 6 1024 7

384 6

376

.3 72 2

48 9

640 4

68 12 3616 3

160 7

240 4

88 13 4576 5

384 7

352 7

292 1

4 1

32 1

16 3

12 2

8 1

4 9 1586 1

4 8

416 5

288 5

192 3

48 8

512 9

200 8

72 13 4896 9

416 2

20 2

12 2

8 1

4 1

64 2

176 7

442 1

4 11 928 2

64 2

128 3

12 3

40 1

16 ll 372 1

8 1

4 13 13669 4

80 6

352 5

192 1

4 1

64 8

34 1

4 1

32 3

36 5

20 1

224 8 1184 1

4 ll 1152 4 4864 1

64 2

36 2

8 4

84 1

64 4

608 13 21896 13 1792 2 12672 7

416 8

84 8

416 7

288 6

192 3

12 5

52 3

36 5

420 7

56 2

8 1

4 12 35456 7

608 8

705 5

252 2

8 1

4 2

96 3

104 3

12 2

160 4

24 3

20

Bacillarieae TABLE L (Cont'd)

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Surirella robusta Synedra crystallina Synedra longa Synedra superba Synedra ulna Synedra undulata Thalassionema nitzschoides Thalassiosira sp.

1 lge Thalassiosira sp.

2 sm Thalassiothrix sp.

Tropidoneis lepidoptera Diatoms centric, unid.

Diatoms pennate, unid.

2 12 9

512 1

32 1

4 1

16 12 704 1

12 2

20 3

24 1

32 7

320 3

28 3

12 1

4 2

8 6

112 2

8 10 152 5

320 7 38208 3

24 9

80 2

46 6

714 7

40 6 3616 1

8 5

42 1

4 1

64 7

608 2

12 7

800 8

964 2

224 1

4 ll 864 8

462 13 1056 6

480 7

580 Rhizopodea-Amoebas Amoeba sp.

Gromia oviformis Rhizopod, clavate shell p.n.

Zoomastigophorea-Zooflagellates Bodo marina 2

64 Bodo elongata p.n.

10 160 cells, unid.

13 4864 Ciliophorea-Ciliates Favella panamensis Mesodinium pulex Mesodinium subrum Metacylis angulata 4

Metacylis Jurgensi 3

12 Strombidium strobilius 2

24 4

16 2

8 3

12 2

64 8

416 13 38081 13 5248 13 12832 1

128 6

608 12 16064 13 14272 2

16 3

16 2

12 6.

104 4

64 3

116 1

12 5

48 6

36 2

18, 1

4 5

56 1

32 4

256 D

4 20 9

96 1

4 4

16

~.

~

~ 'I I

I

Ciliophorea Strombidium spp.

Strobilidium spp.

Tintinnopsis minuta Tintinnopsis periminutas Tintinnopsis platensis Tintinnopsis (pinguis?)

Ciliata unid. small Ciliata unid. large 9

252 1

32 7

130 7

328 3

128

.3 12 TABLE 1 (Cont'd)

JAN FEB Occ P/L Occ P/L 13 264 8

672 ll 1040 9

896 11 896 12 1024 7

672 12 552 8

388 5

32 2

160 3

116 10 116 6

48 4

28 6

160 4

416 MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L

TABLE 2 Number Occurrences and Number per Liter of Plankton in Cooling Canals January-June 1977 Occ = Number Occurrences P/L = Per Liter Number Stations JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L ll ll ll ll ll 12 Metazoa Copepoda Bivalve larvae Crab larvae Gastropod larvae Oligochaete larvae Polychaete larvae Nematoda Larvae, unidentified Myxophyceae Chroococcus gigantea Chroococcus planctonica Coelospharium kuetzingianum Johannesbaptisia minuta p.n.

.Johannesbaptisia pellucida Gomphosphaeria aponina Lyngbya aestuarii p.n.

Lyngbya (majuscula?)

Lyngbya sp.

10 u size Lyngbya sp.

red (Trichodesmium)

Nodularia spumigena Oscillatoria minima p.n.

2-3u Oscillatoria No.

1, 10 microns 1

8 2 1360 1

32 1

32 1

32 1

32 4

110.

2 40 4

16 2

20 2

12 2

32 1

8 3

448 3

12 2

128 3

192 2

48 1

256 1

8 2

128 2

448 3

40 2

24 12 416 2

8 5

256 1

8 1

8 3

72 2

816 2 1360 1

32 1

32 1

32 1

32 5 3806 3

88 3

72 1

64 1

128 2 26240 3

992 5 5806 2

152 2

20

.9 336 3

168 5

194 4

40 1

4 3

48 2

48

I

TABLE 2 (Cont')

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L 1

32 4 63104 4

776 1

16 2

132 Oscillatoria No. 2, 20 microns Oscillatoria No.

3 (curvata p.n.)

Merismopedia glauca Merismopedia punctata Schizothrix calcicola Spirulina Unid. Colonial, non-filamentous Chlorophyceae Chlorella vulgaris Volvocidae Chlamydomonas sp.

Euglenophyceae Cylindromonas sp. p.n.

Eutreptia longa p.n.

Eutreptia viridis Cryptophysidae Cryptomonas erosa Rhodomonas (baltica?)

Dinoflagellatae Amphidinium crassa Amphidinium operculatum Amphidinium klebsii Diplopsalis lenticula Dinophysis ovum Exuviaella apora Exuviaella marine Exuviaella minor p.n.

Gonyaulax diegenesis Gymnodinium major p.n.

3 32 2

48 1

64 2

64 1

320 1

64 1

128 2

128 2

250 1

32 3

416 6 2400 2

226 1

8 1

96 2

160 4

392 3

352 1

64 3

180 1

64 4 1472 1

4 1

64 2

8 2

128 1

4 4

60 1

4 2

68 6

160 2

136 5

436 3

544 4

576 6

292 2

320

Gymnodinium small Gymnodinium large Peridinium tuba Peridinium trochoideum Peridinium sp.

Protoceratium reticulatum Prorocentrum triangulatum Pyrophacus horologicum Unid. spp.

Bacillariophyceae Amphipora minor p.n.

Amphipora sp.

Amphora ovalis Biddulphia Campylodiscus sp.

Cerataulina Chaetoceras sp.

Cocconeis spp.

Cyclotella menegbiana Cymatopleura solea Cymbella sp.

Diploneis sp.

2 Gyrosigma angusta p.n.

Gyrosigma minor p.n.

Gyrosigma sp.

Licmophora flabellata Melosira monilata Navicula spp.

2 160 9

288 2

128 10 424 1

64 2

40 2

128 4

160 1

4 9 1828 9 1088 1

64 1

4 10 254 10 2896 1

64 7 2016 10 7104

'10 6112 ll19816 6 2107 3

224 1

16 1

16 3

192 4

394 3

20 1

16 3

320 1

4 1

96 1

64 8

2 20 1

192 16 10 544 8

432 1

352 6 1232 8

464 1

32 2

152 5

480 7 2312 1

4 6 1448 8

448 3

544 4

96 1

384 11 109568 10 11968 7

112 6

736 3

224 2

48 2

40 5

52 4

448 2

16 4 1248 9 4320 6 1280 2

256 3

352 1

24 10 2468 7

992 8

864 2

192 8 1024 1

4 3

40 1

96 2

160 ll10176 9 5312 2

36 2

20 6 16048 1

4 8 6912 11 82518 10 138208 12 99968 10 34912 11 10448 TABLE 2 (Cont')

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L

~,

1l

TABLE 2.

(Cont'd)

JAN FEB MAR APR hQ.Y Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L P

JUNE Occ P/L Nitzschia closterium Nitzschia longa Nitzschia paradoxa, colony Nitzschia seriata Nitzschia sigmoidea Nitzschia superba Nitzschia acicularis Opephora martyi Pleurosigma nicobarium Pleurosigma major p.n.

1 128 2

256 3

24 2

8 1

640 3

24 11 4040 2

160 8

156 2

96 11 1160 9 4640 1

64 12 7616 2

256 1 1024 1

8 8 2558 2

448

6. 156 8

424 2

192 3

332 2

160 1

32 3

20 7 1408 6 3012 1

4 Synedra crystallina Synedra ulna Synedra undulata Striatella unipunctata Surirella robusta Surirella sp.

Thalassiosira lge.

Thalassiosira minute Tropidoneis lepidoptera Diatoms, centric Unid pennate Protozoa.

Zoomastigophorea Flagellate-N.

monas Cells unid.

Rhizopodea Amoebulae Amphitrema Clavate rhizopod Gromia oviformis 1

32 2

192 1

4 5

20 4

40 2

108 2

56 2

84 2

208 4

56 6

84 1

960 2

450 6

28 1

24 1

8 5

40

-1 4

3 128 1

8 4

5 2

160 2

640 11 5856 11 2410 11 7680 1

192 2

288 11 5558 9 4000 11 12672 4

64 2

64 2

8 1

4 1

16 6

112 4 1344 4

656 10 992 4

836

1

TABLE 2 (Cont'd)

JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUNE Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Occ P/L Ciliophorea Chilodonella Favella panamensis Favella 42 Mesodinium rubrum Podophrya fixa Strobilidium spp.

Strombidium spp.

Tintinnopsis minuta Vorticella Unid Ciliata (cyclidium glaucoma)

Ciliata No.

2 2

8 1

32 12 352 1

64 2

160 1

16 1

4 1

8 3

20 2

40 1

24 3

384 1

96

4 496 5

640 5

496 1

128 2

96 2

72 3

360 3

24 5

104 2

8 1

32 4

352 6

896 2

160 3

172

III. D. 3 CHLOROPHYLL A Chlorophyll determinations were made by extracting the pigment from two liter samples according to standard methods.

No correction for phaeophytins was made.

Within the cooling canal system station WF-2 was consistently the highest chlorophyll concentration.

The lowest average reading for chlorophyll was at station E3-,2.

The next two lowest average chlorophyll concentrations were in areas of relatively nigh velocity.

Within the cooling canals the higher average concentrations occurred in February, March and April (1.33, 1.59 and 1.300 mg/m

).

The maximum, minimum and average chlorophyll levels for this reporting period were 5.085,

0. 335 and 1.12 mg/m 3 At the control stations in extreme southern Biscayne Bay arid at, the two stations in Card Sound the maximum, minimum and average chlorophyll values during this reporting period were 0.695, 0.055 and 0.293 mg/m 3 Comparison of the readings from the canals and the Bay for this period indicate that the cooling canals have an average of approximately four times the chlorophyll found in the Bay.

III.E GRAND CANAL DISCHARGE REVEGETATION PURPOSE This report is to assess the revegetation of grasses and benthic macrophyton in areas affected by the Turkey Point Power Plant Discharge.

Effect and recovery prior to January 1977 are given in previous Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Reports.

METHODS AND PROCEDURES Method 1

To measure the overall revegetation quantitatively aerial photographs were taken from 2000 feet.

Using reference points in the photographs to determine the scale of the photo, sizes of areas were measured by tracing specific areas onto a grid.

The tracing is included in this report.

Method 2

Qualitative and quantitative measurements of the algae were made by counting and identifying the vegetation in six each one meter square areas permanently located on the bottom.

Method 3

To identify and quantify the less abundant species not represented in the square meter ~areas, a survey was made by transect.

across the previously affected areas.

Species iden-tifications, quantities present, and general conditions were noted.

AERIAL SURVEY It can be seen from the aerial photograph that, the entire discharge area has revegetated.

Only a few patches of

~S rin-godium remain in the immediate discharge

area, although they are still quite prevalent approximately 800 feet from the old discharge(Figure.

1 ).

The tracing of the photograph is self-explanatory.

SQUARE METER 'SURVEY The following table is data from square meter areas per-manently staked out on the bottom.

The counts and identifi-cations were made in'itu. The sample points X-l, X-2, X-3, and X-4 are located approximately

100, 200,
400, and 600 feet east of the mouth of the canal respectively.

Station X-2N is approximately 200 feet NNE of X-2. Station X-2S is approxi-mately 200 feet SSE of X-2. The data reported as greater than

( 0') is based on extrapolation of counts of plants in 1/16 of a square meter.

The counts on the grasses are counts of the fasicles (sheaths of leaves).

TABLE 1 GRAND CANAL DISCHARGE REVEGETATION X-1 X-2 X-3 X-4 X-2N X-2S GRASSES:

Diplanthera wrightii Thalassia testudinum 384 >1700 >2000 >1600 >2600

>704 36 38 238 76 96 46 CHLoRoPHYTA: Acetabularia crenulata C~auler a ap.

Halimeda sp.

Penicillus sp.

PHAEOPHYTA:

Laureucia poitei Q

Q Q

Q 0

Q 0

0 Q

0 18 20 44 24 74 0

0 0

0 0

72 0

Sampling Date:

July 1977 Present Common I

TRANSECTS Between X-1 and X-2 there were high concentrations of 14 to 16 inches high, but patchy, was present.

Penicillus was common with numbers increasing towards the east.

Some Acetabularia was also present.

There was a

2 to 4 inch layer of detritus made up of dead Diplanthera and Thalassia leaves.

The entire area was covered in a layer of silt.

less dominant as the numbers of Thalassia increased.

Penicillus icillus were almost uniformly mixed/dominant.

Halimeda was quite common with some Avrainvillea also present.

The detrital layer decreased to 1-2 inches.

creased toward X-4 so that it once again shared 'ominace with Thalassia, Halimeda, Avrainvillea and Penicillus were more layer was about 1 inch thick and was made up of very fine, silty materials.

Near X-4 there were areas almost totally de-villea.

inant, with a large patch of long, fresh Syringodium present.

There was a thick litter layer made up predominantly of dead Penicillus.

Turning west towards X-2N there was an increasing amount further west.

There was a 3-5 inch litter layer in this area.

Some Halimeda was present along with some free-floating Laur-encia.

By X-2N, 75t of the area wae Laurencia covered, with the West of X-2N, Diplanthera once again became dominant with Thalassia becoming scarce and patchy. Penicillus was present in large numbers.

The litter layer was 2-4 inches and consisted mostly of dead Diplanthera blades.

0

Heading south to Z-l, Penicillus numbers increased with patches of Ciu~ezaa bei'ng seen closer to the shore.

The southern east-west.

transect was characterized by great diversity.

The Diplanthera and Thalassia were short and equally mixed.

Numbers of Penicil'lus increased towards the east, with Halimeda and Avrainvill'ea also present.

The area west of Z-2S had a high species diversity, with and large patches of ~Cauler a being present.

The amount of

~Cauler a increased towards shore. All these species had a

low profile and

" Park-Like

" appearance.

The detrital layer for this leg was uniformly 1-2 inches thick.

DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUS1ONS The entire area previously affected remained revegetated.

The Syringodium appeared to be retreating from the discharge itself, but was still found in large quantities further from shore.

Many patches of the Syringodium were dying in the

center, but were still growing and spreading around their perimeters, giving them a

" donut

" appearance, which was al-so observed in an earlier report.

Thalassia growth had increased in concentrations as well as total area covered, however Diplanthera still remained the dominant species in the area closest to the mouth of the old discharge canal.

The stations

. seemed to bear this out, as the concentrations of Thalassia increased at all of the stations except X-l, which is located closest to the mouth of the dis-charge.

Diplanthera also increased to a lesser extent at all stations.

Penicillus, Avrainvillea, and Halimeda remained the dom-inant macro algae.

The seemingly high numbers of Acetabularia are misleading as most of this was found growing on old stakes and markers.

Syringodium growth is expected to continue to spread and eventially decrease in number. It will be replaced by Thalassia whose concentration will continue to increase in all but the very inshore areas.

SYRINGODIUM PATCHES D

O~~

DOMINATE

,a ~

on QgQD C0 0

g go THALASSIA DOMINATED

?

?

II I

I THALASSIA/DIPLANTHERA DOMINATED X

Q DIPLANTHERA DOMINATED DIPLAN-LAUR.

DO NATED DIPLANTHERA/

LAURENCIA DOMINATED CANAL DROP-OFF GRAND CANAL FIGURE Grand Canal Discharge June 1977 Previously affected area.

Scale 1"

=

157 ft.

III.F FAUNA The purpose of this section is to report on earlier data on the fauna found within the cooling canal system and compare it with surrounding areas.

Mammals Raccoons (Proc on lotor)

In 1973 the raccoon population was approximately four individuals per 100 acres with major population centers located on large dry tree islands on higher ground.

No raccoons have been reported on the cooling canal berms which are aoproxmiately ll acres each and total approx-imatelv 3,000 acres.

Within the plant site and office areas as well as on entrance roadways the raccoons can be found foraging in refuse cans and on discarded food items.

hese are considered anamalous areas not representative of the native habitats.

Rodents (Si odon his idus)

Earlier data indicated populations of over 500 individuals per 100 acres.

Recent work has indicated, as with the

raccoons, they are more common in areas where man inad-vertently provides habitat and forage.

The Florida freetail bats (Tadarida c nocebhala) which have previously been reported, have not been observed in this

/

area.

Closer scrutiny of likely habitats may reveal their presence.

No quantitative data is available for them.

Rabbits are only rarely observed within the cooling canals.

Based on the frequency of droppings they are very common on the canal berms.

It is assumed that they swim from berm to

berm, thereby remaining mobile even though in a reduced capacity.

Other Nammals

Bobcats, Lvnx rufus, have been found in the area previously.

A female with two young were sighted in July, 1972.

Generally, the berms offer food (rodents),

but probably inadequate cover and difficult access for these cats.

Approximately a dozen house cats (Pelis domestica) are known from the power plant site.

This population is still present.

Native deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were not previously observed in the area.

It continues to be possible that occasional individuals may be found in the area.

It appears unlikely that they would be found on the cooling canal herms due to the relative inaccessability of these "islands".

Re tiles and Am hibians Observations made in 1973 resulted in 15 sightings of alligators ranging from three to seven feet in length.

Quantatative data was not available due to sampling dif-ficulties caused by the elusiveness of this group.

There-fore, this group is reported based on observation.

Following the 1976 nesting

season, a single crocodile (Crod lus acutus) was found.

Three adults ranging from three to approximately twelve feet have been observed in the Levee-31 borrow canal.

They have moved into the cooling canal system on occasion, returning to the Levee I

canal later.

The presence of the juvenile indicates they are nesting successfully.

Although alligators (All'i:ator mississi iensis) were previously reported, none have been observed recently. In 1973 and 1974 two alligators were found dead in the Levee.

They had both been decapitated.

Xn one case, the decapi-tation was observed from a helicopter.

The twelve foot crocodile killed the alligator. It appears that the two groups may be incompatible with the crocodile displacing the alligators.

Although freshwater turtles are common in the Levee-31 borrow canal, they have not been observed within the cool-ing canal system.

There has only been two reports o

turtles in the canals.

One observation in 1974 of four individuals (unidentified) and a recent catch of one Atlantic Loggerhead (Caretta caretta).

This is a notable observation in that the closed system does provide a habitat which can support, turtles.

Many species of snakes are known to inhabit the nearby Everglades region.

Only four sightings are reported within the cooling canal

~s stem.

They are Brown Water snakes

(Natrix taxis oilota),

one Southern Ringneck Snake (Diao his unctatus),

one Black Swamp Snake (Seminatrix p~aea),

and three Mangrove Water Snakes (Natrix si. edon camoreasicauda)

Of these, the Ringneck Snake was found in the office area.

The Green and Cuban anoles, the Mediterranean Gecko and Sixlined. Racerunner have been observed in rocky areas along roads within the canal system area.

This group is not well represented here.

Birds This group forms the largest species group found in this area.

The 1973 observations revealed 8 species abundant,.

22 species common and'6 as rarely observed.

This species list has

expanded, probably due in part, to the increased observation period, to 42 species common and 21 as raxely observed.

Most notable among these are two adult and three juvenile Bald Eagles, a flock of 13 white pelicans and 17 Rosea,te Spoonbills.

The abundance of birds is expected due to the proximity of suitable nesting areas nearby and the extensive shoreline which is used by the wading birds.

The populations in the canals are not very different from those in underdeveloped areas nearby.

There is no sig-nificant effect on the birds by the canal system.

Discussion and Conclusions The Turkey Point cooling canal system modified the exist.-

ing terrain.

Comparisons of data prior to construction with that after construction has indicated a shift in the mammal population away from rat dominance to rabbit dominan ce.

The salt water may have caused an increase in the crocodile population which in turns appears to have reduced the number of alligators.

The crocodiles are breeding in the area.

The birds of the area do not appear to have been affected by the cooling canal system.

III.G.

CHLORINE USAGE This report is being issued to comply with Florida Power Light Company Turkey Point Plant Environmental Technical Specifications, Appendix B, Section 2.3b, and Florida Power

& Light Company Turkey Point Plant Environmental Procedure F-10, which requires the condenser inlet water boxes and intake wells to be inspected semi-annually in order to ascer-tain adequate 'control of condenser tube fouling.

The conden-ser and water boxes of Unit 3 were inspected on April 24, 1977.

Unite 4's condenser and water boxes were inspected on Nay 18, 1977.

On June 1,

1977, the intake wells were inspected for original growth.

Units 3 and 4 intake wells, condenser and water boxes were found to be in a satisfactory state of cleanliness, therefore, not requiring chlorination at this time.

III.H.

FISH

& SHELLFISH AND BENTHOS These parameters are covered in the report entitled "Ecological Monitoring of Selected Parameters at the Turkey Point Plant."

This report was prepared for Florida Power

& Light Company by its consultant, Applied Biology, Inc., and the report is appended to this Semiannual Environmental Monitoring Report.

.IV.

RECORDS AND CHANGES IN SURVEY PROCEDURES None V.

SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES NOT REQUIRED BY THE E.T.S.

Section III.C of this report analyses data collected which were not required by the E.T.S.

VI.

VIOLATIONS OF THE E.T.S.

Two items of non-compliance are listed in IE Inspection Report Nos.

50-250/77-9 and 50-251/77-9.

One item had to do with 0

failure to include in the Semiannual Report records and analyses of fauna in the cooling canal banks (Section 5.4.a).

The other item has to do with failure to submit yearly reports of a special biological program (Section

4. B. 1. c).

Corrective action was described in FPGL's letter to the NRC date July 27, 1977.

VlI.

UNUSUAL EVENTS, CHANGES TO THE PLANTp ETS, PERi~IITS OR CERTIFICATES None VIII.

STUDIES REQUIRED BY THE ETS NOT INCLUDED IN THIS REPORT None 0

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