ML18003A529

From kanterella
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Part 08 Enclosures (Rev. 1) - Part 8 - Enclosures - Geotechnical Exploration and Testing Data Report Appendix B.1 Geotechnical Logs Part 16 Pages B.1-134 Thru B.1-141
ML18003A529
Person / Time
Site: Clinch River
Issue date: 12/15/2017
From: James Shea
Tennessee Valley Authority
To:
Office of New Reactors
Fetter A
References
TVACLINCHRIVERESP, TVACLINCHRIVERESP.SUBMISSION.4, CRN.P.PART08, CRN.P.PART08.1
Download: ML18003A529 (8)


Text

a me GEOTECHNICAL CORING LOG Prepared By: MBL Date: 3/5/14 Checked By: JCM Date: 3/5/14 SHEET 1 OF 4 BECHTEL PROJECT NO.: 25847 AMEC PROJECT NO.: 6468-13-1072 COUNTY: Roane, TN I GEOLOGIST: R. Clark SITE DESCRIPTION: Clinch River SMR Project, Roane County, Tennessee DRILLER: S. Snow/D. King Boring Orientation BORING NO.:

MP-114 DRILL METHOD: Mud Rotary/Core DRILL MACHINE: CME-55 (TSD)

Inclination: Vertical GROUND ELEV.:

797.2 ft (NAVD88) NORTHING:

570,053 US ft (NAD83) EASTING: 2,448,465 US ft (NAD83) Azimuth:

NA TOTAL DEPTH:

175.2 ft SAMPLE METHODS: ASTM D 1586-11; 2488-09a; 2113-08; 6032-08 I HAMMER (I D): 140-lb Auto (373705)

DATE STARTED:

7/30/13 COMPLETED: 8/3/13 I CASING DEPTH: 12.4 ft CORE BARREL TYPE: HQ3/Diamond Impregnated core bits DRILL RUN L

ELEV. DEPTH RUN RATE REC.

ROD SAMP.

0 ROCK DESCRIPTION AND REMARKS (ft)

(ft)

(ft)

(Min/ft)

(It)

(It)

NO.

G Begin Coring @ 11.9 ft 785.3 11.9 3.3 3:39 (2.8)

(1.3)

Run 1

-100.6 LIMESTONE (MICRITE), gray (5Y 5/1) to bluish gray (5PB 6/1) with light yellowish brown 4:27 85%

39%

(2.5Y 6/4) staining, weak to medium strong, very thinly to moderately bedded, moderately to slightly weathered, interbedded with few to little, laminated clayey Calcareous SILTSTONE, 3:26 very dark gray (N 3/), wavy/wispy and irregular partings; strong HCI reaction (Benbolt 782.0 15.2 1:08/0.3 Formation-Unit E) 5.0 (4.7)

(2.2)

Run 2 13.1,13.4,13.5,14.0,14.3ft: BJ, 30°, PS, PO, C, Ill 4:20 94%

44%

2:59 14.2ft: J, 85°, US, VT, B, Ill 4:27 14.7-15.0ft: FZ, BJ, 30°, PS, PO, C, Ill 15.5,15.7,16.1,16.3,16.7,17.5,18.1ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T-PO, B-C, Ill 3:38 16.9ft: J, 65°, UR, PO, B, Ill 5:11 18.5-20.2ft: FZ, 30°, PS-PR, T-PO, B-C, Ill 777.0 20.2 777.0 20.2 772.0 767.0 762.0 757.0 752.0 747.0 742.0 737.0 5.0 (5.0)

(3.7)

Run 3

~

5:35 4:42 100% 74%

2:15 3:01 3:26 25.2 5.0 3:28 (4.9)

(4.3)

Run 4

~

3:45 98%

86%

3:40 3:18 30.2 2:51 5.0 2:08 (5.0)

(4.5)

Run 5

~

2:18 100% 90%

2:46 3:48 35.2 2:32 5.0 2:33 (5.0)

(4.8)

Run 6

~

2:34 100% 96%

2:46 3:06 40.2 3:24 5.0 (5.0)

(5.0)

~

2:43 Run 7 2:36 100% 100%

3:14 2:38 3:26 45.2 5.0 1:47 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 8

~

2:33 100% 100%

2:02 2:18 50.2 2:25 5.0 1:44 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 9

~

1:25 100% 100%

1:40 2:00 55.2 2:31 5.0 2:10 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 10

~

1:46 100% 100%

2:04 1:47 60.2 1:50 Clinch River Data Report Rev. 4 CRP-1112.16 Page B.1-134 of 706 LIMESTONE (MICRITE), gray (5Y 5/1) to bluish gray (5PB 6/1) and dark bluish gray (5PB 4/1), trace light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) staining, medium strong to strong, very thinly to moderately bedded, slightly weathered to fresh, interbedded with little to some, laminated to very thin clayey Calcareous SILTSTONE, very dark gray (N 3/), wavy/wispy and irregular partings; slight to moderate bioturbation, trace fossils, trace to few calcite filled pits and burrows, strong HCI reaction 20.5,20.7,20.9,22.1,22.4,22.7,23.0,23.1ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, Ill 21.2-21.4ft: FZ, 30°, PS, VW, L, Ill 23.5,24.7ft: BJ, 30°, PS, 0, C, Ill 24.4ft: FZ, 10-40°, PR, PO, C, Ill 25.5,25.6ft: BJ, 30°, PS, 0, C, Ill 26.1-26.4ft: FZ, 30°, PR, VW, G-D, IV 27.0ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 28.4ft: J, 50°, UR, PO, B, Ill 30.7,32.5,32.7,33.0,33.6,34.9ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 31.5ft: J, 60°, PR, PO, B, Ill 36.0,37.5,38.8,38.9,40.0ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 39.5ft: J, 60°, PS, T, B, Ill 757.0 40.2 LIMESTONE (MICRITE), gray (5Y 5/1) to bluish gray (5PB 6/1) and dark bluish gray (5PB 4/1 ), medium strong to strong, very thinly to mostly moderately and thickly bedded, fresh, interbedded with few to little, laminated to very thin clayey Calcareous SILTSTONE, very dark gray (N 3/), wavy/wispy to irregular and diffuse partings; becomes argillaceous and amorphous with sparry calcite "bird eyes", slight bioturbation, strong HCI reaction 41.9,42.8ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 45.3,48.6ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 52.2,53.2,54.3ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 58.8,59.8ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 7~RR ROI

GEOTECHNICAL CORING LOG a me SHEET 2 OF 4 BECHTEL PROJECT NO.: 25847 AMEC PROJECT NO.: 6468-13-1072 COUNTY: Roane, TN I GEOLOGIST: R. Clark SITE DESCRIPTION: Clinch River SMR Project, Roane County, Tennessee DRILLER: S. Snow/D. King Boring Orientation BORING NO.:

MP-114 DRILL METHOD: Mud Rotary/Core DRILL MACHINE: CME-55 (TSD)

Inclination: Vertical GROUND ELEV.:

797.2 ft (NAVD88) NORTHING:

570,053 US ft (NAD83) EASTING: 2,448,465 US ft (NAD83) Azimuth:

NA TOTAL DEPTH:

175.2 ft SAMPLE METHODS: ASTM D 1586-11; 2488-09a; 2113-08; 6032-08 I HAMMER (I D): 140-lb Auto (373705)

DATE STARTED:

7/30/13 COMPLETED: 8/3/13 I CASING DEPTH: 12.4 ft CORE BARREL TYPE: HQ3/Diamond Impregnated core bits DRILL RUN L

ELEV. DEPTH RUN RATE REC.

ROD SAMP.

0 ROCK DESCRIPTION AND REMARKS (ft)

(ft)

(ft)

(Min/ft)

(It)

(It)

NO.

G Continued from previous page 5.0 2:17 (5.0)

(4.7)

Run 11 ;

LIMESTONE (MICRITENVACKESTONE), gray (N 5/) to bluish gray (5PB 5/1) and dark bluish 1:56 100% 94%

gray (5PB 4/1 ), strong, laminated to very thinly bedded becoming very thinly bedded to 2:02 moderately bedded, fresh, interbedded with little to some laminated to thin Calcareous 1:33 SILTSTONE, very dark gray (N 3/), planar bedding becoming wavy/irregular and diffuse with trace pyrite, and trace very thin to thin chert beds, lenses, and nodules (gray to dark gray and 732.0 65.2 2:02 black, with calcite filled tensional fractures orthogonal to bedding); locally fossiliferous in 5.0 2:25 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 12

~

(WACKESTONE/GRAINSTONE) beds, slight bioturbation, trace stylolites, trace calcite filled pits and vugs (separate/non-touching), strong HCI reaction 2:03 100% 100%

61.2,61.6,62.3,62.6,63.1,64.8ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:12 64.0ft: BJ, 30°, SS, T, B, II 67.4,67.9,68.4,68.6,69.0ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 1:45 69.3ft: BJ, 30°, US, T, B, II 727.0 70.2 2:24 5.0 3:21 (5.0)

(3.5)

Run 13

~

70.5,71.9,72.2,72.4,72.6,73.7,74.3ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:49 100% 70%

3:01 2:20 722.0 75.2 2:45 5.0 2:37 (5.0)

(4.8)

Run 14

~

75.3,75.7,77.3,78.5ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 1:54 100% 96%

78.3ft: SH, 45°, PR, PO, B, II, with calcite 1:52 2:55 717.0 80.2 1:58 5.0 3:22 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 15

~

80.9ft: BJ, 30°, 35°, US, T, B, II 2:44 100% 100%

84.8ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:55 2:29 712.0 85.2 2:57 5.0 2:05 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 16

~

86.0,86.6,87.2,87.7,88.6,89.9ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:13 100% 100%

2:23 2:07 707.0 90.2 2:00 5.0 3:48 (5.0)

(4.7)

Run 17

~

91.1,91.6,92.1,92.7,93.6,94.2,94.7ft: BJ, 30-, PS-US, T, B, II 2:04 100% 94%

2:45 2:29 702.0 95.2 2:35 5.0 3:53 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 18

~

95.8,96.6,99.1,99.9ft: BJ, 30°, PS-US, T, B, II 2:48 100% 100%

3:18 3:01 697.0 100.2 3:41 5.0 4:51 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 19

~

100.5,101.2,103.9ft: BJ, 30°, PS-US, T, B, II 3:35 100% 100%

3:36 2:48 692.0 105.2 3:31 5.0 1:57 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 20 105.8,108.9ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:04 100% 100%

106.6-106.7ft: FZ, 35° and 75°, PS, PO, B, III-IV 109.2ft: J, 50°, PS, VT, A-B, Ill 1:43 2:05 Clinch River Data Report Rev. 4 CRP-1112.16 Page B.1-135 of 706

GEOTECHNICAL CORING LOG a me SHEET 3 OF 4 BECHTEL PROJECT NO.: 25847 AMEC PROJECT NO.: 6468-13-1072 COUNTY: Roane, TN I GEOLOGIST: R. Clark SITE DESCRIPTION: Clinch River SMR Project, Roane County, Tennessee DRILLER: S. Snow/D. King Boring Orientation BORING NO.:

MP-114 DRILL METHOD: Mud Rotary/Core DRILL MACHINE: CME-55 (TSD)

Inclination: Vertical GROUND ELEV.:

797.2 ft (NAVD88) NORTHING:

570,053 US ft (NAD83) EASTING: 2,448,465 US ft (NAD83) Azimuth:

NA TOTAL DEPTH:

175.2 ft SAMPLE METHODS: ASTM D 1586-11; 2488-09a; 2113-08; 6032-08 I HAMMER (I D): 140-lb Auto (373705)

DATE STARTED:

7/30/13 COMPLETED: 8/3/13 I CASING DEPTH: 12.4 ft CORE BARREL TYPE: HQ3/Diamond Impregnated core bits DRILL RUN L

ELEV. DEPTH RUN RATE REC.

ROD SAMP.

0 ROCK DESCRIPTION AND REMARKS (ft)

(ft)

(ft)

(Min/ft)

(It)

(It)

NO.

G Continued from previous page 687.0 110.2 2:01

~

LIMESTONE (MICRITE/WACKESTONE), gray (N 5/) to bluish gray (5PB 5/1) and dark bluish 5.0 2:35 (5.0)

(4.7)

Run 21

~

gray (5PB 4/1 ), strong, laminated to very thinly bedded becoming very thinly bedded to moderately bedded, fresh, interbedded with little to some laminated to thin Calcareous 2:20 100% 94%

SILTSTONE, very dark gray (N 3/), planar bedding becoming wavy/irregular and diffuse with 2:25 trace pyrite, and trace very thin to thin chert beds, lenses, and nodules (gray to dark gray and black, with calcite filled tensional fractures orthogonal to bedding); locally fossiliferous in 2:21 (WACKESTONE/GRAINSTONE) beds, slight bioturbation, trace stylolites, trace calcite filled 682.0 115.2 2:57 pits and vugs (separate/non-touching), strong HCI reaction (continued) 111.7-111.8ft: FZ, 30°, PL-PS, T, B, II 5.0 2:45 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 22

~

112.4ft: SH, 55°, PL, T, B, II 3:07 100% 100%

112.9ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 3:02 114.4ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:35 677.0 120.2 2:41 5.0 2:49 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 23

~

1:58 100% 100%

1:39 1:45 672.0 125.2 2:48 5.0 2:07 (5.0)

(4.9)

Run 24

~

125.5-125.6ft: FZ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:29 100% 98%

2:46 2:18 667.0 130.2 2:33 5.0 2:05 (5.0)

(4.8)

Run 25

~

130.8ft: J, 65°, PR, T, B, Ill 2:21 100% 96%

131.1ft: J, 50°, Pr, T, B, II 2:39 2:54 662.0 135.2 1:59 5.0 2:18 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 26

~

2:14 100% 100%

1:51 1:45 657.0 140.2 1:55 5.0 3:13 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 27

~

140.8, 141.4, 142.9ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:57 100% 100%

2:32 2:13 652.0 145.2 2:25 5.0 2:25 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 28

~

2:29 100% 100%

2:03 2:18 647.0 150.2 2:22 5.0 2:09 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 29

~

150.6ft: J, 70°, PR, T, B, II 2:03 100% 100%

153.8ft: BJ, 30°, PR, PO, B, Ill 2:23 1:58 642.0 155.2 2:23 5.0 2:41 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 30

~

157.6,158.0,159.4ft: BJ, 30°, PR, T, B, II 3:03 100% 100%

q-?<;

Clinch River Data Report Rev. 4 CRP-1112.16 Page B.1-136 of 706

GEOTECHNICAL CORING LOG a me SHEET 4 OF 4 BECHTEL PROJECT NO.: 25847 AMEC PROJECT NO.: 6468-13-1072 COUNTY: Roane, TN I GEOLOGIST: R. Clark SITE DESCRIPTION: Clinch River SMR Project, Roane County, Tennessee DRILLER: S. Snow/D. King Boring Orientation BORING NO.:

MP-114 DRILL METHOD: Mud Rotary/Core DRILL MACHINE: CME-55 (TSD)

Inclination: Vertical GROUND ELEV.:

797.2 ft (NAVD88) NORTHING:

570,053 US ft (NAD83) EASTING: 2,448,465 US ft (NAD83) Azimuth:

NA TOTAL DEPTH:

175.2 ft SAMPLE METHODS: ASTM D 1586-11; 2488-09a; 2113-08; 6032-08 I HAMMER (I D): 140-lb Auto (373705)

DATE STARTED:

7/30/13 COMPLETED: 8/3/13 I CASING DEPTH: 12.4 ft CORE BARREL TYPE: HQ3/Diamond Impregnated core bits DRILL RUN L

ELEV. DEPTH RUN RATE REC.

ROD SAMP.

0 ROCK DESCRIPTION AND REMARKS (ft)

(ft)

(ft)

(Min/ft)

(It)

(It)

NO.

G Continued from previous page 2:28 LIMESTONE (MICRITE/WACKESTONE), gray (N 5/) to bluish gray (5PB 5/1) and dark bluish gray (5PB 4/1 ), strong, laminated to very thinly bedded becoming very thinly bedded to 637.0 160.2 2:29 moderately bedded, fresh, interbedded with little to some laminated to thin Calcareous 5.0 2:46 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 31 SILTSTONE, very dark gray (N 3/), planar bedding becoming wavy/irregular and diffuse with trace pyrite, and trace very thin to thin chert beds, lenses, and nodules (gray to dark gray and 2:09 100% 100%

black, with calcite filled tensional fractures orthogonal to bedding); locally fossiliferous in 2:03 (WACKESTONE/GRAINSTONE) beds, slight bioturbation, trace stylolites, trace calcite filled pits and vugs (separate/non-touching), strong HCI reaction (continued) 2:09 161.6,164.0,164.4ft: SH, 30-35°, PL, T, B, II, with calcite 632.0 165.2 1:48 163.6ft: BJ, 35°, US, T, B, II 165.0-165.4ft: SZ, 35-55°, PL-UL, VT, A, I, with calcite 5.0 2:14 (5.0)

(4.7)

Run 32

~

165.6,165.9ft: SH, 35°, PL, T, B, II, with calcite 2:08 100% 94%

168.1ft: BJ, 30°, PS, T, B, II 2:00 1:53 627.0 170.2 2:25 5.0 2:37 (5.0)

(5.0)

Run 33

~

1:35 100% 100%

1:39 1:54 622.0 175.2 2:10 622.0 Boring and coring terminated at 175.2 feet.

Clinch River Data Report Rev. 4 CRP-1112.16 Page B.1-137 of 706 175.2

AMEC 1'1 CJJECT fl*lliiJ1j 1fl72 130/II~JG M\\"=l*l14 13D X -=z_

aEI'TH ZS1:__1tr1m 4o.2.. 1u1 MP-114-Boxes 3 and 4 AMEC P/WJECT fit/fill 1311172 IJOIWJG M P-114 BOX 4 IJEI'TH 55 2, (fr) TO (G (

(II)

Clinch River Data Report Rev. 4 CRP-1112.16 Page 8.1-138 of 706

130R1N6 tv\\?- (( L\\

ll!H _ ':.___

DEPTH ]OZ '

{fi/TO ~52 tfU AMEC PIWJECT foti61J 13 11172 11011/tJG MP-1 I 4 130X..2..__

DEI'TH /00. z. (It) TO I 15.2 (It)

Clinch River Data Report Rev. 4 CRP-1112.16 Page 8.1-139 of 706 RUN INTERVAL lltl REC lftl- (%\\ RQQ !It\\ -I%)

~1'\\-IG 8S-z.'4az' /5o'wt./so 'ftKJ/

RuN-It '\\Oz.' o.s.i/5~ Vx)t.(4-;.'t:'J.t(J Rt>N-1~ %7..'-\\001/50 roo'r/Sd 1001-B.llH_I VAL It R II -

R R'IN-1'\\ !Oo.i.-105.1'/ r;.o*roo*z S.o'*oo1.

RIJN-20 IO'S2-- 110.2* r;.o'loo7./t;.0 lool RfRII-ZI ~12/

~"'5-o'..-ooi./Y-7 tNt.

a* r Ooi.

roo~

l3v"-z3 rzo.2~ rz.s 2 '/s.o roo1. h 0* rorit

~~~-2't \\l'iz'-&>:~* / 5o' 1061. /'Itt' 9<7 1

MP-114-Boxes 9 and 10 Clinch River Data Report Rev. 4 CRP-1112.16 Page 8.1-140 of 706 RUNINTERVAL!ftlREC !ft) 1%\\RQp!ffi Ru~:q_ ll.fs.2'-tSoi/5o'rock (so* \\CO:_

RutJ*l9 /50.1'- 55.tf S.Cl.(OOJltJ.o' roo*,_

RLJN*}ll~i-t60Z/So tooJ/s.ll'too 1

a me BECHTEL NO.: 25847 AMEC PROJECT NO.: 6468-13-1072 SITE DESCRIPTION: Clinch River SMR Project, Roane County, Tennessee BORING NO.:

MP-115 DRILL METHOD: Mud Rotary/Core COUNTY:

GEOTECHNICAL BORING LOG Prepared By: MBL Date: 3/5/14 Roane, TN Checked By: JCM Date: 3/5/14 SHEET 1 OF 1 I GEOLOGIST: M. Flanik DRILLER: J. Landeros/N. Molinalara Boring Orientation DRILL MACHINE: CME-550X (P)

Inclination: Vertical GROUND ELEV.:

796.9 ft (NAVD88) NORTHING:

570,095 US ft (NAD83) EASTING: 2,448,562 US ft (NAD83)

Azimuth:

NA TOTAL DEPTH: 99.1 ft I SAMPLE METHODS: ASTM D 1586-11; 2488-09a; 2113-08; 6032-08 I ROD TYPE: AWJ I HAMMER (I D): 140-lb Auto (337153)

DATE STARTED: 6/23/13 I COMPLETED: 6/24/131 HOLE DIA.: 4" ELEV.

(ft) 796.9 f~b.~

793.3 790.9 788.3 785.9 783.3 781.4 779.5 DEPTH BLOW COUNT BLOWS PER FOOT (ft) 0.5ft 0.5ft 0.5ft 0

20 40 60 Ground Surface u.u 2

2 4

~ 6 3.6 3

4 4

_,8.

6.0 2-1--3-. -t 7 8.6 4-1--4-.,9_

11.0 3

2 5..,u :;.,.

13.6 2

43 23 66 15.5 10 6

10 17.4 50/0.1 Clinch River Data Report Rev. 4 CRP-1112.16 Page B.1-141 of706 I CASING DEPTH: 16.7 ft I CORE SIZE:HQ3 I BITS USED: 4" Roller Cone SAMP.

L 80 100 0

SOIL DESCRIPTION AND REMARKS NO.

G 796.9 0.0 SS-1

~

FILL: FAT CLAY (CH), reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) and red (10R 5/8) mottled, medium stiff, moist, high plasticity fines,

~~93 _9 fe~ :~~:~r:~ ~: :g~n::s~~H~I~:t~n __ _ 3Q


ss:2 ~

FILL: FAT CLAY with Gravel (CH), reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) and red (10R 5/8) mottled, medium stiff, moist, high

~

plasticity fines, little fine to coarse subangular to angular gravel, no HCI reaction SS-3

~r

~

~

8.6ft: As above, to stiff

~,<ffiA _ ______________________

10,§_


ss:s FILL: FAT CLAY (CH), reddish yellow (7.5YR 7/8) and gray

~1-(7.5YR 6/1) mottled, medium stiff, moist, high plasticity fines,

~~83

_9 few fine angular grave, no HCI reaction 13_0

~

-RESIDUAL soll.:-sll TY GRAVEL With sa rid (Giiii)~dark--~

gray (7.5YR 4/1), very dense, moist to wet, fine to coarse angular gravel, little non-plastic fines, little coarse sand, 78~s~~

!:I__C_!_!"~c.!!_o~ ______________ J__1_S§.

SS-7

~lzz9

.~ RESIDUAL SOIL: FAT CLAY with Gravel (CH), dark gray ig

'": (7.5YR 4/1) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), very stiff, moist, rl-7:

SS-8 high plasticity fines, little fine to coarse angular gravel, traer-

~

t~~e 2a~~t~n_[ ~!._l:e~c~'2._ _________

WEATHERED ROCK: LIMESTONE, No recovery Soil drilling halted. Log continues on geotechnical coring log Observed water levels:

r 15.4 ft bgs, AM 6/24/13 1-1-

r r

1-