ML16078A319
| ML16078A319 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Issue date: | 08/19/2016 |
| From: | Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research |
| To: | |
| Halvey-Gibson K | |
| Shared Package | |
| ML16078A310 | List: |
| References | |
| PRM-50-93, PRM-50-95 | |
| Download: ML16078A319 (3) | |
Text
1 Draft Interim Review of PRM-50-93/95 Issue Related to Experimental Methods Used to 1
Derive the Baker-Just Metal-Water Oxidation Reaction Correlation 2
3 Disclaimer:
4 5
Public availability of this interim report is intended to inform stakeholders of the 6
current status of the NRCs review of the issues raised in PRM-50-93/95. This 7
interim report is subject to further revisions during resolution of PRM-50-93/95.
8 The NRC is not soliciting public comments on these interim conclusions, and 9
will not provide a formal response to any comments received. The NRCs 10 findings on PRM-50-93/95 issues will not be final until the NRC publishes a 11 notice of final action on this PRM in the Federal Register.
12 13 1.0 Issue Raised in the Petitions and Associated Comments 14 15 A petition for rulemaking was docketed as PRM-50-93 on November 17, 2009 (Leyse, 2009).
16 The petition is requesting revisions to §10 CFR 50.46 Acceptance Criteria for Emergency Core 17 Cooling systems for Light Water Nuclear Power Reactors and to 10 CFR Part 50, Appendix K 18 ECCS Evaluation Models as well as associated regulatory guidance.
19 20 This interim report is the NRC staffs interim evaluation of certain assertions in the Petition for 21 Rulemaking PRM-50-93/95 (Leyse, 2009) regarding experimental measurements of oxidation 22 kinetics. One of the submissions (pages 12-14 of Leyse, 2010) raised the issue of oxidation 23 measurements with inductive heating and radiative heat losses with respect to the Baker-Just 24 correlation (Baker, 1962). The submission contends that the experiments did not replicate 25 reactor LOCA behavior of cladding because of the radiative heat losses from the sample inherent 26 in using inductive heating, and so proposes that the Baker-Just correlation is non-conservative.
27 NRC shows in this interim report that the questioned data are similar to data obtained by other 28 methods, and so the heat losses are not relevant in correlating the data.
29 30 2.0 Considerations Regarding Inductive Heating 31 32 A recent paper by French experts (Vandenberghe, 2012) on cladding behavior shows that 33 heating mode (resistance furnace heating and induction heating) does not affect the oxidation 34 behavior at a temperature near 1000 ºC. Oxide layer thickness measurements were quite similar 35 for each heating mode, thus showing oxidation kinetics is similar.
36 37 3.0 Considerations Regarding Radiative Heat Losses 38 39 The submission (Leyse, 2010) asserts the following: So the radiative heat losses of the 40 zirconium specimens in Bostrom and Lemmon's induction heating experiments would have 41 affected the oxidation kinetics that Bostrom and Lemmon measured. Bostrom and Lemmon's 42 experiments certainly did not replicate the oxidation kinetics that would occur in a nuclear power 43 plant's core, in the event of a LOCA.
44 45 With respect to radiative heat losses, there are the following considerations:
46
- 1) The Bostrom data (Bostrom, 1954) were obtained for temperatures at and above 1300 47
ºC (1573K), so they are not pertinent for consideration here.
48
- 2) The Lemmon data (Lemmon, 1957) at 1100 and 1200 ºC, although reasonable, have 49 been superseded by numerous measurements (see below).
50 51
2
- 3) The crucial aspect of oxidation measurements is knowing the temperature of the oxidizing 1
surface and having adequate steam. Heat losses are only important to the extent that they 2
affect temperature control, or are so large that the sample has significant temperature 3
gradients.
4 5
The table below shows the Lemmon values of rate constant (using induction heating) that were 6
used to set the low temperature end of the Baker-Just correlation. The table also shows values 7
determined by other experimenters using resistance heating (Cathcart, et al., 1977) and 8
resistance and induction heating (Leistikow and Schanz, 1987). The Cathcart report describes in 9
detail how uncertainty was considered. Note that the Lemmon values are conservative (higher),
10 as are the Baker-Just values, when compared to the more recently determined values. Thus, 11 there is no indication in the data that induction heating with assumed radiative heat losses leads 12 to non-conservative reaction rate values. With regard to the assertion that the test conditions 13 were not representative of LOCA behavior, it is noted that the metal-water reaction rate constant 14 correlation is a function of temperature only. It must be used in conjunction with a cladding 15 oxidation correlation and other system-level thermal hydraulic models in order to determine the 16 instantaneous cladding temperature.
17 18 19 Values of total oxidation (weight gain) rate constant for temperatures between 1000 and 1200 ºC 20 Rate Constant in (gm/cm2) 2/second. The computed values are based on correlation coefficients 21 from a recent state-of-the-art report (OECD, 2009), except for Lemmon, based on Figure 1 in (NRC, 2004).
22 23 Experimenter (lab)
Rate Constant (gm/cm2)2/sec (times e+08)
Q/R (K)
Heating mode 1200 ºC 1100 ºC 1000 ºC Cathcart (ORNL) 21.5 7.94 2.51 20100 Resistance Leistikow (KfK) 17.2 6.09 1.83 20972 Resist. & Induc.
Lemmon (BMI) 25 11.5 4
17111 Induction Baker (ANL) 36.3 11.6 3.15 22900 N/A 24 25 4.0 Summary and Conclusions 26 27 This interim report has evaluated the petition's contention that the Baker-Just oxidation kinetics 28 correlation is non-conservative because it is partly derived from experimental data asserted to be 29 not representative of reactor LOCA behavior. The metal-water reaction rate constant correlation 30 is a function of temperature only, and must be used in conjunction with system-level thermal 31 hydraulic models in order to determine the instantaneous cladding temperature. The staff's 32 evaluation of data and induction heating method described in the Lemmon report (Lemmon, 33 1957), does not support the petition's assertion that use of such data by Baker and Just resulted 34 in a non-conservative correlation.
35 36 37 5.0 References 38 39 Baker Jr., L., and Just, L. C., Studies of Metal-Water Reactions at High Temperatures, III.
40 Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the Zirconium-Water Reaction, ANL-6548, May 1962, 41 ADAMS Accession No. ML050550198.
42 43 Bostrom, W. A., The High Temperature Oxidation of Zircaloy in Water, WAPD-104, March 1954, 44 ADAMS ML100900446.
45
3 1
Cathcart, J. V. et al, Zirconium Metal-Water Oxidation Kinetics IV. Reaction Rate Studies, 2
ORNL/NUREG-17, August 1977, ADAMS Accession No. ML052230079.
3 4
Leistikow, S., and Schanz, G., Oxidation kinetics and related phenomena of zircaloy-4 fuel 5
cladding exposed to high temperature steam and hydrogen-steam mixtures under PWR accident 6
conditions, Nucl. Eng. Des. 103, 65-84, 1987.
7 8
Lemmon, A., Studies Relating to the Reaction Between Zirconium & Water at High Temperatures, 9
BMI-1154, January 1957, ADAMS ML100570218.
10 11 M. Leyse, Petition for Rulemaking PRM 50-93, November 17, 2009, ADAMS ML093290250.
12 13 M. Leyse, Comment on Petition for Rulemaking PRM 50-93, April 12, 2010, 14 ADAMS ML101020564.
15 16 NRC, Memo to Matthews and Black-Technical Safety Analysis of PRM-50-76, April 2004, 17 ADAMS ML041210109.
18 19 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Nuclear Fuel Behaviour in Loss-of-20 Coolant Accident (LOCA) Conditions, State-of-the-Art Report, ISBN 978-92-64-99091-3, 2009.
21 https://www.oecd-nea.org/nsd/reports/2009/nea6846_LOCA.pdf 22 23 Vandenberghe, et al., Sensitivity to Chemical Composition Variations and Heating/Oxidation 24 Mode of the Breakaway Oxidation in M5 Cladding Steam Oxidized at 1000 ºC (LOCA 25 Conditions), TOPFUEL 2012, Manchester, UK, September 2012.
26 27