ML12362A476

Evacuation Time Estimates for Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone, Cover Through Appendix C, Population Data Maps

ML12362A476
Person / Time
Site:	Sequoyah
Issue date:	11/30/2012
From:	ARCADIS U.S.
To:	Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, Tennessee Valley Authority
References
TM120006.0001
Download: ML12362A476 (88)

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Enclosure I Tennessee Valley Authority Sequoyah Nuclear Plant Units I and 2 Evacuation Time Estimates for Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone (See Attached)

ARCADIS Infrastructure Water Environment Buildings Imagine the result Evacuation Time Estimates for Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone November 2012 ARCADIS Evacuation Time Estimates for Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone Prepared for.Tennessee Valley Authority Chattanooga, Tennessee Prepared by: ARCADIS U.S., Inc.10352 Plaza Americana Drive Baton Rouge Louisiana 70816 Tel 225 292 1004 Fax 225 218 9677 Our Ref.: TM120006.0001 Date: November 2012 This document is intended only for the use of the individual or entity for which it was prepared and may contain information that is privileged, confidential and exempt from disclosure under applicable law. Any dissemination, distribution or copying of this document is strictly prohibited.

ARCADIS Table of Contents Executive Summary v 1. Introduction 1-1 1.1 General 1-1 1.2 Site Location and Emergency Planning Zone 1-2 1.3 Designated Reception Centers 1-3 1.4 Overview of Changes from Previous ETE Study 1-4 2. Methodology and Assumptions 2-1 2.1 Sources of Data and General Assumptions 2-1 2.2 Summary of Methodology for Traffic Simulation 2-3 2.3 Conditions Modeled 2-4 2.3.1 Weekday 2-4 2.3.2 Weeknight 2-5 2.3.3 Weekend 2-6 3. Population and Vehicle Demand Estimation 3-1 3.1 Permanent Residents 3-1 3.1.1 Auto-Owning Permanent Population 3-1 3.1.2 Transport-Dependent Permanent Population 3-2 3.2 Seasonal Residents 3-2 3.3 Transient Population 3-2 3.4 Special Facilities Population 3-4 3.4.1 Medical, Nursing Care, and Correctional Facilities 3-4 3.4.2 Schools and Daycare 3-4 3.5 Emergency Response Planning Area Population Totals 3-5 4. Evacuation Roadway Network 4-1 4.1 Network Definition 4-1 4.2 Evacuation Route Descriptions 4-1 4.3 Characterizing the Evacuation Network 4-1 Wequoyah -es. ve 1O0doc, V2ARCADIS Table of Contents 5. Evacuation Time Estimate Methodology 5-1 5.1 Evacuation Analysis Cases 5-1 5.2 Initial Notification 5-3 5.3 Transportation-Dependent Population 5-3 5.4 Evacuation Preparation Times and Departure Distributions 5-3 5.4.1 Permanent and Seasonal Population 5-4 5.4.2 Transient Population 5-4 5.4.3 Special Facilities 5-5 5.5 Evacuation Simulation 5-6 5.5.1 General Structure 5-6 5.5.2 Simulation Process 5-8 6. Analysis of Evacuation Times 6-1 6.1 Evacuation Time Estimate Summary 6-1 6.2 Comparison with Previous Study 6-1 6.3 Keyhole Evacuation Scenarios 6-2 6.4 Staged Evacuation Scenarios 6-2 6.5 TEMA Sector Evacuation Scenarios 6-3 6.6 Sensitivity to Population Growth and Roadway Impact 6-13 6.6.1 Population Growth 6-13 6.6.2 Roadway Impact 6-14 6.7 Performance Metrics for Simulation Model 6-15 6.8 ETE for Transit-Dependent, Special Facilities, and Schools 6-18 6.9 Special Event 6-24 7. Traffic Control Recommendations 7-1 7.1 General 7-1 7.2 Evacuation Access Control Locations 7-1 7.3 Traffic Management Locations and Tactics to Facilitate Evacuation 7-1 sequoyah -ee- veW10docx ii ARCADIS Tables Table E-1 Evacuation Time Estimate Summary for Sequoyah EPZ Table 1-1 Permanent Resident Population in the Sequoyah EPZ Table 1-2 Designated Reception Centers for Evacuation Table 1-3 ETE Comparison Table 3-1 Resident Population and Vehicle Demand by EPZ Subarea Table 3-2 Transient Population and Vehicle Demand Within the Sequoyah EPZ Table 3-3 Population and Vehicle Demand for Schools and Special Facilities in the Sequoyah EPZ Table 3-4 Summary of Population and Vehicle Demand Within the Sequoyah EPZ Table 4-1 Sequoyah EPZ Primary Evacuation Routes Table 5-1 Potential Evacuation Areas for Sequoyah EPZ Table 6-1 Evacuation Time Estimate Summary for Sequoyah EPZ Table 6-2 Evacuation Time Estimates for Partial EPZ Scenarios (2-Mile Zone Plus 5-Mile Downwind, Unstaged)Table 6-3 Evacuation Time Estimates for Partial EPZ Scenarios (2-Mile Zone Plus 10-Mile Downwind, Unstaged)Table 6-4 Evacuation Time Estimates for Staged EPZ Scenarios (2-Mile Zone, then 5-Mile Downwind)Table 6-5 Evacuation Time Estimates for TEMA Sectors Table 6-6 Summary of Network Performance (Full 10-Mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)Table 6-7 ETE for Special Facilities, Sequoyah EPZ (Full 10-mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)Table 6-8 ETE for Schools and Daycares, Sequoyah EPZ (Full 10-mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)Table 7-1 Predicted Queuing at Major Intersections (Full 10-Mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)Table of Contents vii 1-8 1-9 1-10 3-6 3-7 3-9 3-11 4-3 5-2 6-4 6-5 6-7 6-10 6-12 6-16 6-20 6-21 7-2 sequoyah ete- verlO.docx iii Q ARCADIS Figures Table of Contents Figure 1-1 Sequoyah Nuclear Plant Site Location Figure 1-2 Sequoyah Nuclear Plant EPZ Area Figure 1-3 Sequoyah Nuclear Plant Population Distributions by EPZ Sectors Figure 4-1 Designated Evacuation Routes for Sequoyah EPZ Figure 5-1 Departure Time Distributions for the Sequoyah EPZ Figure 5-2 Evacuation Modeling and Simulation Using PTV Vision Suite Figure 6-1 Stage 2 Departure Time Distributions for the Sequoyah EPZ Figure 6-2 ETE Population Growth Sensitivity Analysis Figure 6-3 Comparison of Traffic Flows Before and After Road Closure Scenario Figure 6-4 Time Distribution of Vehicles on the Network (Full 10-Mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)Figure 6-5 Comparison of Vehicle Mobilization and Departure Rates (Total Vehicles 50,894)Appendices A Geographical Boundaries of ERPAs B Transient and Special Facility Population Data C Population Data Maps D Roadway Network Map and Data Table E Telephone Survey of EPZ Residents (Results Summary and Survey Instrument)

F Maps of Average Speed by Hour on Sequoyah Road Network (Winter Day, Normal Weather, Full EPZ)1-5 1-6 1-7 4-5 5-6 5-7 6-3 6-14 6-15 6-17 6-18 seq~oyah -e*- vwrlO.dox iv Sequoyah Nuclear Power 1 ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Executive Summary This report documents the methodology and data compiled for the Evacuation Time Estimate (ETE) study prepared by ARCADIS for the Sequoyah Nuclear Plant (SQN) in Hamilton County, Tennessee, near the cities of Soddy-Daisy and Chattanooga.

The study reflects the current definition of the Emergency Planning Zone, which is the region within a nominal 1 0-mile distance of SQN. The most recent previous study of evacuation time estimates for Sequoyah was performed in 2001. The present study was performed using population data from the 2010 U.S. Census.PTV Visionrm software will be used to perform evacuation modeling for different scenarios.

The PTV Vision traffic simulation software package includes VISUM (macroscopic traffic simulation) and VISSIM (microscopic traffic simulation).

VISUM is a comprehensive, flexible software system for transportation planning, travel demand modeling, and network data management.

VISSIM is capable of performing detailed microscopic simulation of traffic and can model any type of traffic signal control and geometric configuration.

The road network used in the evacuation simulations consists of designated evacuation routes plus any additional roadways needed to accurately simulate conditions during an evacuation.

Roadway capacities were determined using NAVTEQTm digital data, updated by ARCADIS based on actual road and intersection data collected in the field in 2012.Evacuees were generally assumed to proceed out of the Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ)via recommended evacuation routes and to make their way to designated reception centers after leaving the EPZ.The EPZ for SQN includes portions of two counties in Tennessee (Hamilton and Bradley).The resident population of the Sequoyah EPZ is estimated at 95,318 permanent residents.

Based on housing data from the 2010 U.S. Census, there are 368 seasonal housing units in the EPZ, with an estimated 897 seasonal (summer) residents.

The 2010 U.S. Census data at block level was used to determine population in each EPZ subarea.The transient population, which includes larger workplaces, recreational facilities, and motels, was estimated at 13,449 persons for a winter weekday and 13,507 persons for a summer weekday. The special facilities population, including assisted living, nursing homes, and hospitals, was estimated at 736 persons for weekday scenarios.

The estimated population of schools and daycare centers for a winter weekday is 18,380, including students and staff. These population estimates include intrinsic double-counting, as some persons in the transient and special facility populations are also included in the permanent sequoyah -ebe- ve-10.docV V

Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARO ,DIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates and seasonal resident counts. Thus, evacuation times using these population figures are considered conservative.

Vehicle demand for the resident population was developed based on estimated vehicle occupancy, using data obtained from a telephone survey of EPZ residents.

The vehicle occupancy factor estimated from survey responses is 2.11 persons per vehicle, which represents

1.5 vehicles

per household.

For the 2001 study, vehicle occupancy was 2.2 persons per vehicle.Vehicle demand for the transient population was estimated using vehicle occupancy factors ranging from 1.0 person per vehicle for the workforce population up to 3.0 persons per vehicle for some recreational areas. Vehicle demand for the school population was based on bus occupancy of 55 students.

For nursing homes, vehicle occupancy is 20 persons per bus or van for residents, and two persons per ambulance for non-ambulatory patients.

For nights and weekends, all facility staff would accompany patients; during weekdays, one vehicle per person was assigned for additional staff. Total vehicle demand for all population categories ranges from 48,903 (summer day) to 51,369 (winter weekend).Vehicle demand was also assigned to account for the potential "shadow evacuation" of the population residing immediately outside the EPZ, to a distance of 15 miles. The permanent resident population within this region is 178,745. It was assumed that 20 percent of the population in this region would evacuate.

The occupancy factor for EPZ residents (2.11 persons per vehicle) was applied to estimate vehicle demand for this population.

Shadow evacuees residing outside the EPZ add vehicle demand of 16,943 vehicles.Evacuation times were estimated for evacuation of the entire EPZ for winter weekday (daytime and evening), winter weekend day, summer weekday (daytime and evening), and summer weekend day cases under fair weather conditions.

The weekday daytime cases were also evaluated for adverse weather conditions (snow and rain, respectively, for winter and summer). Evacuation times were also estimated for one Special Event, a summer weekend fair that takes place in Hamilton County, Tennessee.

A "staged evacuation" scenario was also evaluated for the winter daytime case. Under this scenario, only the population within the 2-mile zones closest to SQN would evacuate initially; evacuation of surrounding zones would be initiated after most traffic from the 2-mile zones has cleared. The purpose of this scenario is to assess the potential reduction in evacuation times that might be achieved for the population at greatest risk.mequoyah -oee- vet1Odocx vi 0 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Simulations were also performed to assess the potential impact of population growth on predicted evacuation times. This sensitivity analysis is used to define a threshold population figure that would trigger another ETE update study.ETEs for vehicles to depart from the 2-mile zone, 5-mile zone, and for the full 10-mile EPZ are summarized in Table E-1. The 90 percent evacuation times for normal weather scenarios are under 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br />. Adverse weather scenarios typically add 30 to 55 minutes to the 100% evacuation time with a maximum ETE slightly less than 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br />. The time to evacuate 90 percent of the inner 2-mile zone by itself is 100 to 110 minutes shorter than the time to evacuate 90 percent of the full EPZ. Results for "keyhole" evacuation scenarios (inner 2-mile zone plus downwind zones to 10 miles) indicate that Zone C-7, which includes the City of Harrison (State Highway 58 SB), takes the longest time to evacuate.

Most traffic congestion in the EPZ is predicted in Soddy-Daisy and Harrison, Tennessee.

Table E-1 Evacuation Time Estimate Summary for Sequoyah EPZ Scenario:1 (1) 1 (2)1 (3) 1 (4) 1 (5) 1 (6) 1 (7) 1 (8)Weather: Normal Adverse I Normal I Normal I Normal I Adverse Normal Normal 90 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes) 2-Mile Zone 1:55 2:10 1:55 1:55 1:55 2:20 1:55 1:55 5-Mile Zone 2:55 3:20 3:00 3:05 3:00 3:35 3:00 3:00 10-Mile EPZ 3:35 3:50 3:40 3:35 3:40 4:10 3:40 3:35 100 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:mlnutes) 2-Mile Zone 3:35 4:05 3:05 3:05 3:30 4:15 3:05 3:05 5-Mile Zone 3:50 4:20 4:00 4:15 3:55 4:40 3:55 3:55 10-Mile EPZ 5:00 5:30 5:15 5:00 5:00 5:55 5:05 5:00 swquoyah -ole- -erlO.d=ci Vii Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 1. Introduction

1.1 General

Evacuation time studies analyze the manner in which the population within the Plume Exposure Pathway Emergency Planning Zone (EPZ) surrounding a nuclear power plant site would evacuate dunng a radiological emergency.

Evacuation time studies provide licensees and state and local governments with site-specific information helpful for protective action decision-making.

The studies estimate the time necessary to evacuate the EPZ for a range of evacuation scenarios.

Analysis of the evacuation simulation results also identifies locations where traffic management and control measures can facilitate the evacuation, and may identify unique evacuation constraints or conditions.

Estimates of the time required to evacuate from areas around nuclear power plant sites are required for all operating plants in the United States. Federal guidance has been prepared to outline the format and content of these evacuation time estimates (NUREG-0654, Rev. 1,1 NUREG/CR-4831,2 and NUREG/CR-70023).

Evacuation time estimate (ETE) studies were last updated for the Sequoyah Nuclear Plant (SQN) Plume Exposure Pathway EPZ in 2001. The guidance presented in NUREG/CR-7002 indicates that the evacuation time estimates should be updated as 1 Criteria for Preparation and Evaluation of Radiological Emergency Response Plans and Preparedness in Support of Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG-0654, FEMA-REP-1, Rev. 1, U.S.Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Federal Emergency Management Agency, November 1980.2 State of the Art in Evacuation Time Estimate Studies for Nuclear Power Plants, NUREG/CR-4831, T. E. Urbanik and J. D. Jamison, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, March 1992.3 Criteria for Development of Evacuation Time Estimate Studies, NUREG/CR-7002, J. Jones and F. Walton, Sandia National Laboratories, and B. Wolshon, Louisiana State University, November 2011.4 Tennessee Multi-Jurisdictional Radiological Emergency Response Plan for the Sequoyah Nuclear Plant, Tennessee Emergency Management Agency, March 2010.sequoyh -eh- h-r1O.doc1 1-1 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates local conditions change, but at least once each decade, following release of the federal census. The current update study was prompted by the issuance of revised ETE guidance (CR-7002) and the availability of population data from the 2010 U.S. Census.Census data indicate that the population residing within the EPZ for SQN increased by 12,961 between 2000 and 2010, which represents a 16 percent population increase.(Population data are discussed further in Section 1.4.)The evacuation time estimates have been developed using current population, local roadway network characteristics, and the PTV VisionTM traffic simulation software package to perform evacuation modeling for various scenarios.

PTV Vision includes the VISSIM (microscopic traffic simulation) and VISUM (macroscopic traffic simulation) models. Evacuation times have been estimated for various areas, times, and weather conditions, as outlined in CR-7002. These evacuation times represent the times required for completing the following actions: " Public notification

• Preparation and mobilization" Actual movement out of the EPZ (i.e., on-road travel time, including delays associated with vehicle queuing)1.2 Site Location and Emergency Planning Zone This report describes the analyses undertaken, and the results obtained, in a study to update the existing evacuation time estimates for SQN. The emergency response plan is designed to protect the health and safety of the public in the event that an evacuation is ordered as a protective action in response to an accident at SQN.SQN is located in Hamilton County, Tennessee, about 15 miles northeast of the city of Chattanooga and 7 miles east of Soddy-Daisy.

The site location is shown on Figure 1-1. The plume exposure pathway EPZ is the geographic area surrounding a nuclear power plant within which the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) requires advance planning for evacuation or other short-term protective actions in the event of a radiological emergency.

The Sequoyah EPZ consists of the area within approximately a 10-mile radius of SQN, as shown on Figure 1-2. The EPZ includes portions of two counties in Tennessee (Hamilton and Bradley).

Hamilton County accounts for more than one-half of the total EPZ area.sequoyah -ete. ver10 doc1x 1-2 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates The Sequoyah EPZ is subdivided into a total of 28 sectors or subareas, or Emergency Response Protection Areas (ERPAs). These ERPAs are the basic units for which protective action recommendations are issued. Subarea boundaries often follow geographic or political (township) boundaries, and reflect distance and direction from SQN. The distance ranges of concern are 0 to 2 miles, 2 to 5 miles, and greater than 5miles. EPZ and ERPA boundaries are shown on Figure 1-1. Appendix A contains boundary descriptions of the ERPAs.A listing of the 2010 permanent resident population by ERPA within the Sequoyah EPZ is shown on Figure 1-3 (a sector diagram is provided in Appendix C). About 10 percent of the EPZ's 95,318 residents are located in ERPA D-5, which includes the city of Hixson. Seven other ERPAs (A-3, C-6, C-7, C-8, D-2, D-3, and D-6) have more than 5,000 residents.

The city of Soddy-Daisy is split between ERPAs A-3 and D-3;residential areas of Harrison and Ooltewah are split between ERPAs C-6, C-7, and C-8; and the residential areas of both Hixson and Lakesite are split between ERPAs D-2 and D-6. ERPA B-6 is the most rural subarea, with fewer than 500 residents.

Table 1-1 compares the EPZ population from the 2010 and the 2000 Census. The population residing in the EPZ grew by 12,961 between 2000 and 2010, which is an increase of 16 percent. The population of ERPA C-6 increased by more than 90 percent.Major evacuation roadways in the EPZ include Interstate Highway 75; U.S. Highways 27, 64, and 11; and State Highways 58, 60, 111, and 312. The Tennessee River crosses the EPZ from the northeast to the southwest, acting as a natural barrier separating evacuation routes east and west of the EPZ.NRC guidance also requires consideration of potential "shadow evacuation" of the population residing immediately outside the EPZ, to a distance of 15 miles. The permanent resident population within this region is 178,745. Most of this population resides in the southern portion of the EPZ, near the city of Chattanooga.

It was assumed (based on NRC guidance in CR-7002) that 20 percent of the population in this region would evacuate.

The occupancy factor for EPZ residents (2.11 persons per vehicle) was applied to estimate vehicle demand for this population.

Shadow evacuees residing outside the EPZ add vehicle demand of 16,943 vehicles.1.3 Designated Reception Centers The Sequoyah emergency response evacuation plan directs residents of communities within the EPZ to evacuate to specified reception centers. If evacuation is initiated-equoyah -etW velOd=c 1-3 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates while schools are in session, students will be transported directly to designated host schools, and families are instructed to meet up with the students at those locations.

The designated reception centers for ERPAs within the Sequoyah EPZ are Chattanooga High School, Orchard Knob Middle School, Howard School of Academics and Technology, Dalewood Middle School, East Ridge Middle School, East Ridge High School, Brainerd High School, Ocoee Middle School, Meigs County High School, Rhea Central Elementary School, Rhea County High School and Sequatchie County High School. The preferred reception center for each ERPA is listed in Table 1-2. (Some ERPAs may evacuate differently, depending upon the prevailing wind direction.)

The roadway network used to develop evacuation time estimates includes the major roadways recommended to the public as evacuation routes from individual communities to designated reception centers. The roadway network is designed to utilize all available major roadways, with traffic flow directed radially outward from SQN toward the EPZ boundaries.

The roadway network is described in detail in Section 4.1.4 Overview of Changes from Previous ETE Study The changes in residential population within the EPZ are summarized in Table 1-1.The revised NRC guidance and newly acquired data led to a number of other changes in the ETE methodology and assumptions.

Table 1-3 provides a summary comparing the main features and assumptions of the current study to the 2001 ETE study. The telephone survey of EPZ residents provides a new basis for estimating vehicle occupancy and departure times, while new NRC guidance has specified different assumptions regarding background and "shadow" traffic. The ETE methodology and assumptions for the current study are discussed in greater detail in subsequent sections of the report.The increase in EPZ population, revised vehicle occupancy for residents (2.11 persons per vehicle, based on survey responses), revised departure times for schools and special facilities (no "early warning"), and revised departure time curves for residents (based on survey responses and estimated time for warning diffusion) are expected to have the greatest influence on estimated evacuation times. The "shadow evacuation" adds vehicle demand of 16,943 vehicles in the area immediately outside the EPZ. One special event scenario was added. Each of these issues is discussed in more detail in following sections of the report.sequoya~lh

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UAA .r,, SEQUATCHIE

-COUNTY* I IA--o-// 44 1 -U N C001 IW Leen ILON aut i ) tn Lcto M-ft ift OUNT ARCADIS_Z SEGRA .LAEPARA C--. 7Mý -T.s I0 I I (m

0 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 1-1 Permanent Resident Population in the Sequoyah EPZ 0 to 2 miles A-1 1,202 1,257 4.6%B-1 1,438 1,501 4.4%C-1 1,975 1,939 -1.8%D-1 1,295 1,613 24.6%2 to 5 miles A-2 1,091 1,277 17.0%A-3 6,032 7,266 20.5%B-2 1,358 1,517 11.7%B-5 736 850 15.5%C-2 4,510 4,887 8.4%D-2 6,766 7,379 9.1%5 to 10 miles A-4 797 723 -9.3%A-5 1,362 1,681 23.4%A-6 2,073 2,883 39.1%B-3 1,356 1,534 13.1%B-4 459 650 41.6%B-6 313 258 -17.6%B-7 634 626 -1.3%B-8 2,387 2,903 21.6%C-3 1,780 2,949 65.7%C-4 1,253 1,492 19.1%C-5 1,217 1,380 13.4%C-6 3,094 5,892 90.4%C-7 5,660 7,090 25.3%C-8 6,083 6,186 1.7%D-3 6,154 6,647 8.0%D-4 3,820 4,079 6.8%D-5 10,920 11,989 9.89/6 D-6 6,592 6,870 4.2%Sequoyah EPZ Total 82,357 95,318 15.7%Sources: a) 2000 and 2010 U.S. Census data (block level)equoyah -ete- vretldocx-1-8 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 1-2 Designated Reception Centers for Evacuation A-1, A-2, A-5, A-6 Rhea Central Elementary School A-3 Rhea County High School A-4 Sequatchie County High School B-i, B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5 Meigs County High School B-6, B-7, B-8, C-4, C-5 Ocoee Middle School C-1, C-2 Brainerd High School C-3, C-6 East Ridge High School C-7 East Ridge Middle School C-8 Dalewood Middle School D-1, 0-2, D-6 Chattanooga High School D-3 Orchard Knob Middle School D-4, D-5 Howard School of Academics and Technology slequya h -e ol-1vr0.d-c 1-9 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 1-3 ETE Comparison Permanent residents-Total population

-82,921 -95,318-Vehicle occupancy

-2.2 -2.11 (persons per vehicle)Transit dependent-Population estimate -Residents need to ride -1,430 (estimated)

-Number of buses with neighbors/friends or call local emergency

-26 (estimated)

-Number of ambulances officials for assistance

-No ambulances Transient facilities (Winter day/summer day)-Estimated population

-24,300 -13,449/13,507

-Vehicle demand -3.0 -8,956/7,753

-Adjust for double-count

-No adjustment

-Adjust for retail facilities Special facilities (Winter weekday)-Estimated population Not explicitly provided -736-Number of buses, vans in the report. -39 ambulances

/ vans-Assumed enough-Ambulance, other Asmdeog resources available Schools / Daycare 14,460 (excluding (Winter weekday)-Staff & Student daycare, which was not _ 18,380 population tabulated)

-166 buses / 6 mini -314 buses/20 vans-Number of buses buses Background traffic None Average traffic by time of day Shadow evacuation None 20 percent of resident (assumed basis) population outside designated zones Special event(s) None Soddy-Daisy 4th of July Celebration or Hamilton County Fair sequoyah -ee-verlOdoc 1-0x 1-10 Q ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 1-3 ETE Comparison Scenarios

-Normal and Adverse -Weekday (winter, weather conditions summer)-Weeknight (winter, summer)-Weekend (Wrinter, summer)-Adverse weather weekday only-Staged evacuation (weekday)Adverse weather 25% additional time was Snow for winter, rain for added summer Evacuation model name and Not stated PTV Vision VISUM 11.5, version VISSIM 5.3 Departure times -Source not stated -Waming based on literature

-Residential based on survey-Transient based on survey-Specials notified with public Evacuation times Estimates for 100% Estimates provided for 90 and 100%seqwoyah -et.- wre0.docbx 1-11 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 2. Methodology and Assumptions

2.1 Sources

of Data and General Assumptions The following data sources were reviewed and assumptions made to develop the appropriate population and roadway databases used for the evacuation analysis:* Population estimates for permanent residents were developed from 2010 U.S.Census Bureau data.* Population estimates for seasonal residents were developed from 2010 U.S.Census Bureau data on housing units. Census data identify the number of seasonal housing units (vacant housing units for "seasonal or occasional use") at different geographic levels (e.g., by township, census tract, block group, block). A conservative estimate of seasonal population was developed by assigning three persons and two vehicles per seasonal housing unit." Population estimates for major employers were developed from the ESRI list and the facility list from the 2001 study report. ARCADIS conducted intemet searches and obtained information from the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Tennessee Emergency Management Agency (TEMA), and counties to estimate facility employment and staffing levels for various scenarios.

Only facilities with potential staffing level of at least 50 persons per work shift were pursued." Information relating to hotels, motels, and recreational facilities was obtained from tourism websites and the 2001 study report. For parks, visitation information was obtained from the counties.* Current population estimates for schools were obtained primarily from county emergency response agencies.* Lists of hospitals, rest homes, and incarceration facilities were obtained from each county emergency management agency.* The staffing levels at SQN reflect estimated peak personnel on site and were provided by TVA.wquoyah -eWe mer1O.doc 2-1 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates* Initial estimates of roadway characteristics were obtained from the NAVTEQ database.

Roadway geometric and operational data were compiled based on field surveys performed by ARCADIS in 2012.Average traffic volumes by time of day for weekdays and weekends for designated evacuation routes were obtained from state and county transportation agencies.These data were used to assign background traffic volumes for the roadway network. It was assumed that access control would be established within 2 hours2.314815e-5 days <br />5.555556e-4 hours <br />3.306878e-6 weeks <br />7.61e-7 months <br /> following public notice to evacuate.* Preparation and mobilization times for the permanent resident population were developed based on the results of a telephone survey, combined with published time estimates for warning diffusion.

The survey provided estimates of the time to depart from home following notification, and commuting times for household members who would return from work before departing." Departure times for transient facilities were estimated assuming relatively prompt evacuation of most workplaces and recreational facilities after notification is received.

The distribution of departure times also reflects information gathered from the telephone survey of EPZ residents, as discussed in Section 3.* The evacuation time estimates represent the time required to evacuate the Sequoyah EPZ and designated analysis areas and include the time required for initial notification.

• Evacuation time estimates are presented for 90 percent and 100 percent of evacuating vehicles.

It is assumed that all persons within the EPZ area will evacuate.

For the 100 percent evacuation time, evacuation of the EPZ will be considered complete after all evacuating vehicles are outside of the EPZ or analysis area." The general public will evacuate using designated evacuation routes and will proceed to the reception centers listed in Table 1-2 after leaving the EPZ. When schools are in session, children attending school will be transported directly to designated host schools." It is assumed that existing lane utilization will prevail during the evacuation.

Traffic control signals will be overridden or converted to flashing mode as necessary to give preference to flow on all major outbound roadways.

It is also assumed that sequoyah -ele- wrl0doc, 2-2 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates state and municipal personnel will restrict unauthorized access into the EPZ, consistent with existing traffic management plans.The evacuation analysis cases are described in Section 2.3 and represent a range of conditions, in accordance with guidance presented in CR-7002. These cases have been chosen to provide information for an appropriate range of conditions (i.e., low, typical, and high population; fair and adverse weather) to guide the protective action decision-making process.Vehicle occupancy rates used for the various population categories are as follows:-Permanent residents:

2.11 persons per vehicle, based on telephone survey results-Major places of employment 1 vehicle per employee-Motels: 1 vehicle (I to 2 persons) per occupied room-Recreational areas: 1 vehicle (3 persons) per campsite;

1.5 persons

per vehicle at shopping malls, visitor centers, and museums-Schools: 55 students and 3 staff per bus; 1 vehicle per additional staff person-Hospitals/nursing homes/correctional facilities:

2 persons per ambulance/medical van for non-ambulatory patients and 20 persons per bus or van for ambulatory residents The transport-dependent population will be evacuated by bus or ambulance through efforts coordinated by state and municipal emergency preparedness officials.

0 Adverse weather refers to moderate to heavy rainstorms for summer conditions and a moderate snowstorm for winter conditions.

2.2 Summary

of Methodology for Traffic Simulation The evacuation time estimates developed for the Sequoyah EPZ are based upon a time distribution of evacuation events as opposed to a summation of sequential events.This methodology assumes that the various time components in an evacuation (i.e., the time associated with preparation, mobilization, etc.) overlap and occur within certain time ranges. The time distribution approach is based upon assumptions consistent with the NRC guidance of CR-7002.Trip generation times are used to develop vehicle loading curves for different population types within the permanent, transient, and special facility populations.

A trip generation time consists of two main components:

warning diffusion time and sequoyah -eWe- erl0.doc2x 2-3 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates mobilization time. Warning diffusion time is the time it takes for people to receive an emergency notification.

The type of warning systems employed in the EPZ, such as an emergency alert system (EAS), sirens, and tone alert radios (TARs), affects the distribution of warning times. Availability of more warning systems leads to faster warning diffusion to the public.Mobilization time is the time between the receipt of notification and when individuals leave for evacuation.

Mobilization time depends on the type of population and activity.Warning diffusion time and mobilization time distributions are used to develop composite loading distribution or trip generation curves for different population segments.

Trip generation times for transit-dependent facilities, special facilities, and schools were developed separately from those for the general public.2.3 Conditions Modeled Pursuant to the guidance in CR-7002 and NUREG-0654, Rev. 1, evacuation time estimates have been prepared for a range of temporal, seasonal, and weather conditions.

Estimates have been prepared for weekday, weeknight, and weekend scenarios during winter and summer. All scenarios are simulated with fair weather conditions; weekday scenarios are also simulated assuming adverse weather. Fair weather refers to conditions where roadways are clear and dry, and visibility is not impaired.

Adverse weather during summer periods is defined as a rainstorm condition where visibility is impaired and roadway capacities and speeds are reduced by 10 percent and 15 percent, respectively.

Adverse weather during winter periods is defined as a snowstorm condition where roadway capacities and speeds are reduced by 15 percent and 35 percent, respectively.

The various population components that have been incorporated in the evacuation scenarios are summarized below.2.3.1 Weekday This situation represents a typical weekday period with the workforce at a full daytime level. During winter, schools are in session. Vehicle demand estimates for weekday scenarios reflect the following conditions:

• Most permanent residents within the EPZ will evacuate from their places of residence.

sequoyah -eIe- vewrO.docA 2-4 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates* Major work places are fully staffed at typical daytime levels.* SQN employment is at an estimated peak daytime level, representative of operation during outage conditions.

• Schools and daycares are at current enrollment.

• Hospitals and nursing homes are at current enrollment or typical occupancy.

• Motel facilities are occupied at peak (winter or summer) levels.* Recreational facilities are at winter or summer weekday levels.2.3.2 Weeknight This situation reflects a typical night period when most permanent residents are home and the workforce is at evening shift level. Assumptions of the population levels for this condition include the following:

• Permanent residents within the EPZ will evacuate from their places of residence." Major work places are at typical evening levels.* SQN employment is at an estimated peak nighttime level.* Day schools and daycares are closed.* Hospitals and nursing homes are at current enrollment or typical occupancy, and staffing is at typical nighttime levels." Motel facilities are occupied at (winter or summer) weekday levels.* Recreational facilities are at typical (winter or summer) evening levels.wequoxyh -eb- vor10.docx 2-5 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 2.3.3 Weekend The weekend scenario represents a daytime period when most residents are at home and major work places are at typical weekend levels. Assumptions of the population levels for this condition include the following:

• Residents within the EPZ will evacuate from their places of residence.

• Major work places are at typical weekend levels.* Day schools and daycares are closed.* Hospitals and nursing homes are occupied and staffed at weekend levels.* Motel facilities are occupied at weekend (winter or summer) levels.* Recreational facilities are at (winter or summer) weekend levels.sequoyah -Mee- vewrO.docx 2-6 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 3. Population and Vehicle Demand Estimation The development of vehicle demand estimates for the Sequoyah EPZ consisted of two primary steps. The first step was the determination of the number and distribution of the population to be evacuated.

The second step was the determination of the appropriate number of vehicles for each of the population categories.

Federal guidance (CR-7002) indicates that three population categories should be considered:

permanent residents, transients, and persons in schools and special facilities (such as medical facilities/nursing homes and daycare facilities).

The methodology used to develop the total population and vehicle demand estimates within the Sequoyah EPZ incorporates intrinsic double-counting.

For example, a portion of the identified employees and visitors to recreational areas are also permanent residents within the EPZ. In addition, school children are counted in the resident population, but are also counted in the special facility population.

While population and vehicle demand estimates incorporate some adjustments for double-counting, the estimates are considered to be conservative (i.e., they overestimate actual population and vehicle levels that may be in the area at any given time).Population and vehicle demand estimates for each of the population categories are summarized below.3.1 Permanent Residents Permanent residents are those persons identified by the census as having a permanent residence within the EPZ. The 2010 Census population data for census tracts, block groups, and blocks were used to determine the permanent resident population within the EPZ and within each municipality and ERPA. The allocation of the resident population to entry nodes on the roadway network was based on detailed census block maps.An estimated 95,318 persons reside permanently within the Sequoyah EPZ. Table 3-1 presents the resident population and vehicle demand by ERPA.3.1.1 Auto-Owning Permanent Population Vehicle demand associated with the permanent resident population was estimated based on telephone survey responses.

The estimated occupancy factor is 2.11 persons per vehicle, which corresponds to 1.5 vehicles per household.

Total vehicle demand for EPZ residents for winter scenarios is 45,174. "Shadow evacuation" of 20 wquoyah -efe- verl0do=3 3-1 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates percent of the population residing outside the EPZ within 15 miles of SQN adds vehicle demand of another 16,943 vehicles.For the 2001 ETE study, evacuation times were determined for vehicle demand assumption of 2.2 persons per vehicle. The prior study noted that this assumption was based on a standard value recommend by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE).3.1.2 Transport-Dependent Permanent Population Emergency response plans specify that the transport-dependent population will receive transportation assistance.

The Bradley and Hamilton Radiological Emergency Response Plans include provisions for providing this assistance using school buses, mini-buses, and vans to the required households.

Although, no specific number of households is cited in the implementing procedures, NRC guidance (CR-7002)indicates that between 1.5 and 5 percent of residents may require transportation.

3.2 Seasonal

Residents The seasonal population category addresses those who reside in the EPZ on a temporary basis, particularly during the summer period. The 2010 U.S. Census of Population and Housing reports the number of vacant households classified as "for seasonal or occasional use." Census data identified 368 such housing units in the Sequoyah EPZ. Population and vehicle demand were estimated assuming three residents and two vehicles per household.

3.3 Transient

Population The transient population segment includes persons in the workforce, hotels/motels, and recreational areas. Regional maps and mapping software were used to determine facility locations and assign entry nodes. Significant employers within the EPZ were identified using ESRI Business Analyst Online (BAO). BAO is a web-based analytical and mapping tool that facilitates location-specific queries about business and demographic data. Data available on BAO includes information on business location and number of employees.

ESRI extracts business data from a comprehensive list of businesses (more than 12 million U.S. businesses) licensed from Infogroup.

ARCADIS used BAO to search for all employers with 50 or more employees located within an 10-mile radius of SQN. CR-7002 recommends consideration of "large employers" with 50 or more employees on a single shift.sequoyah- wv10.docx 3-2 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates The list from BAO was screened to eliminate businesses where workers do not remain on site (e.g., transportation and trucking companies, construction, real estate agents, home health care). Employment at schools and special facilities (e.g., hospitals, nursing homes) is generally tracked as part of the special facilities database.

The reduced list was then reviewed to exclude facilities located outside the EPZ, and to determine the ERPA for those located in the EPZ. The new list of employers was compared to information provided by the county Emergency Management Agencies (EMAs).Telephone calls were made to selected large employers to verify employment numbers and to estimate staffing levels during weekday, weeknight, and weekend periods.Workforce numbers for SQN were provided by TVA and reflect the peak workforce during outage conditions.

Numbers of units and campsites for motels and recreational areas were obtained from the TripAdvisor website and state and county tourism websites.

Seasonal occupancy was estimated based on capacity figures (e.g., number of campsites) and a telephone survey of selected facilities.

State, county, and local agencies also provided visitation numbers for parks and campgrounds.

For purposes of estimating the total number of vehicles associated with the transient population segment, an occupancy factor of 1.0 employee per vehicle was used for most work places. For the hotel/motel and recreational populations, 1.0 vehicle (1.5 persons) per hotel/motel unit was assumed. For parks and campgrounds, 1.0 vehicle (3 persons) per campsite was assumed. Daytime park visitation numbers were generally obtained as numbers of vehicles, and an occupancy factor of 1.5 persons per vehicle was assumed. Campgrounds were assumed to be fully occupied during summer. Motels were assumed to be fully occupied for all scenarios.

Vehicle demand for selected recreational facilities was reduced in consideration of double-counting.

These facilities include recreational clubs and other facilities that would be used predominantly by those residing within 10 to 20 miles. An adjustment factor of 0.75 was applied, assuming that (a) roughly half of visitors reside in the EPZ, and (b) roughly half of EPZ residents would retum home before evacuating.

Similar adjustments were made for shopping centers and large retail outlets.As a supplement to the BAO analysis, a database of employers maintained by the Census Bureau (Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics, or LEHD) was also utilized to estimate the number of persons working within the EPZ. The total workforce equoyah -e- vel0.dw3x 3-3 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates in each ERPA, as indicated by LEHD, was compared to the total workforce estimated from facility-based data, including employers, schools and daycares, health care institutions, retailers, and recreation facilities.

Transient population was added for ERPAs where LEHD numbers were significantly higher than facility-based numbers.The total LEHD adjustment for all scenarios was 884. Seventy-five percent of the LEHD adjustments were added to the weekday transient population, 15 percent to evening, and 10 percent to the weekend population.

The largest adjustment was made to ERPA C-3.Table 3-2 presents a summary of the transient population by ERPA for each scenario.The transient population and associated vehicle demand are greatest for summer weekday scenario.

Recreational facilities are located in ERPAs C-2, C-8, and D-6 along the Tennessee River. Population data and vehicle demand estimates for the transient population segment, including the workforce, hotels and motels, and recreational areas, are presented by facility in Appendix B.3.4 Special Facilities Population The special facility population segment includes persons in schools, hospitals, nursing homes, and correctional facilities who will require transportation assistance during an evacuation.

Most school facilities are located in the ERPAs with large residential populations.

The special facilities population is summarized by ERPA in Table 3-3;data by facility is provided in Appendix B.3.4.1 Medical, Nursing Care, and Correctional Facilities The EPZ has one hospital, in Hixson, and four nursing home facilities.

Vehicle occupancy for nursing home patients is two non-ambulatory patients and one staff per ambulance, 20 residents or patients plus 3 staff per vehicle (bus or van) for ambulatory patients, plus one vehicle per staff person who does not evacuate with patients.3.4.2 Schools and Daycare Twenty-five elementary and secondary schools and 17 pre-school/daycare facilities have been identified within the Sequoyah EPZ, with a total population of 18,380 students and staff. None of the identified schools is residential, so students are only present on weekdays during the school year. Vehicle occupancy for public schools is based on 58 persons (55 students, 3 staff), plus one vehicle per additional school staff.wquoyah -eW- wrlO0dox 3-4 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates The 17 licensed childcare (large daycare) facilities have an estimated daytime population of 1,302 students and staff. Those facilities were identified from an intemet listing of licensed childcare establishments.

The population estimates represent the licensed capacity of each facility.

Smaller home-based daycare facilities (capacity 10 or less) were not tabulated; those facilities contribute little vehicle demand beyond that assigned to EPZ residents.

3.5 Emergency

Response Planning Area Population Totals Population and vehicle demand totals for each ERPA are summarized in Table 3-4.The totals listed in the table represent the peak number of people to be evacuated for each analysis case discussed in Section 6 of this report.Vehicle demand is highest for the summer weekend scenario.

Vehicle demand for the highest scenario is 6 percent higher than the lowest (summer weekday) scenario.ERPA D-5, which encompasses the city of Hixson, has the largest population and vehicle demand for all scenarios.

The vehicle demand listed in Tables 3-2, 3-3, and 3-4 reflects the data used as input for the ETE traffic simulations.

wequoyah -el- mrlO.dmx 3-5 f2 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 3-1 Resident Population and Vehicle Demand by EPZ Subarea A-1 B-1 C-1 D-1 0 to 2 miles 0 to 2 miles 0 to 2 miles 0 to 2 miles 1,257 1,501 1,939 1 .61 3 711 919 764 58 24 7 747 934 76Q A-2 2 to 5 miles 1,277 605 27 622 A-3 2 to 5 miles 7,266 3,444 44 3,471 B-2 2 to 5 miles 1,517 719 68 761 B-5 2 to 5 miles 850 403 0 403 C-2 2 to 5 miles 4,887 2,316 44 2,343 D-2 2 to 5 miles 7,379 3,497 51 3,529 A-4 5 to 10 miles 723 343 15 352 A-5 5 to 10 miles 1,681 797 15 806 A-6 5 to 10 miles 2,883 1,366 156 1,462 B-3 5 to 10 miles 1,534 727 10 733 B-4 5 to 10 miles 650 308 32 328 B-6 5 to 10 miles 258 122 2 124 B-7 5 to 10 miles 626 297 10 303 B-8 5 to 10 miles 2,903 1,376 12 1,384 C-3 5 to 10 miles 2,949 1,398 5 1,401 C-4 5 to 10 miles 1,492 707 15 716 C-5 5 to 10 miles 1,380 654 10 660 C-6 5 to 10 miles 5,892 2,792 44 2,819 C-7 5 to 10 miles 7,090 3,360 7 3,365 C-8 5 to 10 miles 6,186 2,932 39 2,956 D-3 5 to 10 miles 6,647 3,150 15 3,159 D-4 5 to 10 miles 4,079 1,933 22 1,947 D-5 5 to 10 miles 11,989 5,682 44 5,709 D-6 5 to 10 miles 6,870 3,256 46 3,285 EPZ total 95,318 45,174 897 45,731 mequoyah -ete- eerl0,docx 3-6 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 3-2 Transient Population and Vehicle Demand Within the Sequoyah EPZ A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6 B-7 B-8 C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 D-I 0 0 814 0 0 144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,770 500 320 0 458 5,400 1,338 1,246 0 0 277 0 0 144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 570 100 240 0 140 4,100 864 316 0 0 431 0 0 144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,300 67 320 0 128 3,450 1,658 577 0 0 814 0 0 144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1,770 500 320 0 628 3,100 1,658 1,246 0 0 277 0 0 144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 570 100 240 0 310 1,800 864 316 0 0 431 0 0 144 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2,600 67 320 0 128 1,150 2,040 577 0 0 574 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 223 500 180 0 404 4,600 496 926 0 0 157 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 223 100 100 0 86 3,300 288 156 0 0 191 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 473 67 180 0 74 2,650 636 257 0 0 574 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 223 500 180 0 434 3,000 586 926 0 0 157 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 223 100 100 0 116 1,700 288 156 0 0 191 0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 473 67 180 0 74 1,050 807 257 sequoyah -en- vOM1Ocx3-3-7 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6 U 50 358 538 514 U 0 500 500 495 U 0 563 663 1,856 u 50 358 588 2,332 U 0 500 500 813 U 0 563 813 3,356 U 50 245 425 273 U 0 350 350 260 U 0 375 475 498 U 50 245 475 500 U 0 350 350 388 U 0 375 625 725 totl 13,49 1 8,24 1 11,158 1 13,507 6,,04 I 12,188 8 ,956 5 ,,30 5,936 1 7,73 1 3,987 14,88 sequoyah -etw- wrOdoc3 3-8 C2 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 3-3 Population and Vehicle Demand for Schools and Special Facilities in the Sequoyah EPZ A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6 B-7 B-8 C-I C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 D-1 18 0 1,753 0 795 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 475 0 804 112 0 55 2,316 3,652 548 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 14 0 397 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 146 104 90 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 0 0 0 5 0 164 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 0 63 7 0 9 211 297 43 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 4 0 51 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 33 15 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 0 3-9 sequoyah -e*- wriO.d= 3 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6 410 4,456 615 2,023 1,079 U 0 90 132 306 U 0 90 132 306 lb 191 120 525 575 U 0 90 132 306 U 0 90 132 306 359 66 249 281 U 0 23 57 166 U 0 23 57 166 19 30 124 243 U 0 23 57 166 U 0 23 57 166 total 1 _ 1911 _ 552 11 552 2,2 15 1 259 1 259 EPZ 11,1 5 ____ 220 +/-552_____

1,883 259 2958 ____+/-____soqwyah-er-ver1Odocx3 3-10 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 3-4 Summary of Population and Vehicle Demand Within the Sequoyah EPZ A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 B-1 B-2 B-3 B-4 B-5 B-6 B-7 B-8 C-1 C-2 C-3 C-4 C-5 C-6 C-7 C-8 D-I 1,275 1,277 9,833 723 2,476 3,027 1,501 1,517 1,534 650 850 258 626 3,378 1,939 7,461 3,561 1,812 1,435 8,666 16,142 8,072 2,859 1,257 1,277 7,543 723 1,681 3,027 1,501 1,517 1,534 650 850 258 626 2,903 1,939 5,457 3,049 1,732 1,380 6,056 11,190 7,050 1,929 1,257 1,277 7,697 723 1,681 3,027 1,501 1,517 1,534 650 850 258 626 2,903 1,939 6,187 3,016 1,812 1,380 6,044 10,540 7,844 2,190 1,346 1,304 8,521 738 1,696 3,183 1,559 1,585 1,544 682 850 260 636 2,915 1,963 6,701 3,454 1,827 1,434 6,710 10,301 7,973 2,866 1,332 1,304 7,587 738 1,696 3,183 1,559 1,585 1,544 682 850 260 636 2,915 1,963 5,501 3,054 1,747 1,390 6,270 8,897 7,089 1,936 1,332 1,304 7,741 738 1,696 3,183 1,559 1,585 1,544 682 850 260 636 2,915 1,963 7,531 3,021 1,827 1,390 6,088 8,247 8,265 2,197 533 536 3,792 304 767 1,271 630 638 645 273 357 108 263 1,257 815 2,340 1,747 807 589 3,091 7,876 3,139 1,603 596 605 3,601 343 797 1,426 711 719 727 308 403 122 297 1,376 919 2,539 1,498 807 654 2,891 6,660 3,220 920 596 605 3,635 343 797 1,426 711 719 727 308 403 122 297 1,376 919 2,789 1,465 887 654 2,879 6,010 3,568 1,021 579 553 3,706 313 716 1,367 666 680 651 293 357 110 269 1,228 830 2,304 1,743 816 594 2,970 5,999 3,219 1,608 643 622 3,628 352 806 1,522 747 761 733 328 403 124 303 1,384 934 2,566 1,501 816 660 2,948 5,065 3,244 925 643 622 3,662 352 806 1,522 747 761 733 328 403 124 303 1,384 934 2,816 1,468 896 660 2,906 4,415 3,763 1,026 3-11 sequoyah -es*- rl O.d31 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates D-Z D-3 D-4 D-5 D-6 7,7f94 11,153 5,052 14,549 8,463 7,379 6,647 4,669 12,621 7,671 7,319 6,647 4,732 12,784 9.032 7,445 6,903 4,579 13,145 9.823 7,430 6,662 4,691 12,665 8.035 7,430 6,662 4,754 12,978 10.578 3,133 3,202 2,025 5,712 3.441 3,497 3,150 2,306 6,089 3.682 3,497 3,150 2,331 6,214 3.920 3,136 2,871 2,003 5,664 3.659 3,529 3,159 2,320 6,116 3.839 3,529 3,159 2,345 6,391 4.176 EPZ total 1127,883 1104,116 1107,026 111,942 103,201 108,955 5084 50,863 51,369 48,903 149,977 150,874 Population numbers reflect some double-counting between categories (residents, workforce, schools, etc.).sequoyah -sWr- MrlOAdo 3-12 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 4. Evacuation Roadway Network 4.1 Network Definition An evaluation of the roadway network likely to be used by departing vehicles was undertaken to estimate evacuation times for the Sequoyah EPZ. ARCADIS relied on several sources of information to define the evacuation roadway network:* Evacuation routes described in the existing county emergency response plans and public information calendars" Maps of highways and local roadways for the EPZ area* A field survey of the roadways in the Sequoyah EPZ The primary evacuation routings used in the modeling are indicated on Figure 4-1.4.2 Evacuation Route Descriptions The evacuation routings were developed to simulate travel out of the EPZ using available roadways.

The network relies primarily on the evacuation routings depicted in the public information brochure.

Descriptions of the primary evacuation routes for different geographic areas within the EPZ are outlined in Table 4-1.4.3 Characterizing the Evacuation Network Roadway characteristics such as roadway class, number of lanes, lane and shoulder width, speed limit, lane configuration near intersections, and traffic control are key factors in determining how fast an evacuation can be completed.

These roadway attributes control roadway capacity, which in turn governs operating traffic conditions measured in terms of level of service (LOS). LOS is measured from A to F for roadway segments and intersections.

LOS A represents free-flow conditions, and LOS F represents force or breakdown flow conditions.

ARCADIS used NAVTEQTM roadway data with detailed information, including local streets, to build the evacuation roadway network for the study. NAVTEQ data were imported into geographic information system (GIS) software (ESRI ArcGISTM) for conducting field surveys to verify evacuation roadway segment attributes.

The information provided in the public outreach calendar for the site was used to highlight sequoyah 1 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates evacuation routes in GIS. ARCADIS has developed an integrated GIS-global positioning system (GPS) tool that allows field personnel to record observations in an efficient and effective manner. The evacuation network, including traffic controls, was verified to a 15-mile radius from the plant, and along designated routes to the reception centers. After the NAVTEQ data were verified through the field survey, the evacuation roadway network was transferred to the traffic simulation software VISUM for modeling different evacuation scenarios.

Having accurate traffic control information is important to accurately estimate evacuation times because intersections have potential to create bottleneck points.During an evacuation scenario, intersections might be manually controlled by officials, operated with existing traffic signal timing plans, or adjusted according to changing vehicular demand. In general, the emergency response plans for Sequoyah call for signal override, i.e., signals set to flashing to give priority to outbound travel on designated evacuation routes. Traffic control information is coded as part of the evacuation network database.Background and pass-through traffic in the EPZ could account for a significant number of vehicles and could influence evacuation depending on the direction of travel. As recommended in CR-7002, average daily traffic (ADT) volumes, representative of typical background levels, were obtained from state and county transportation agencies.

During simulations, background traffic will be included during the initial two hours of the evacuation scenario, up to the time when access control is established to prevent vehicles from entering the EPZ.A map of the evacuation network showing node numbers and links, as recommended by the latest guidance, is provided in Appendix D. Detailed attributes of each roadway segment, such as link number, number of lanes, speed limit, length, and roadway type, are also tabulated in Appendix D.wquayah -e- verlO.dowx 4-2 0 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 4-1 Sequoyah EPZ Primary Evacuation Routes A-1 0-2mi iake local roaas to uj z t; go norm on Uzi 2z ana take tme LBusiness Route into Dayton to Delaware Avenue; turn left on Delaware to reach the reception center.Take local roads to US 27; go north on US 27 and take the Business A-2 2 -5 mi Route into Dayton to Delaware Avenue; turn left on Delaware to reach the reception center.Take local roads to US 27; go north on US 27 into Rhea County A-3 2 -5 mi through Dayton to Evensville; the reception center is on the left in Evensville.

Take local roads to Mowbray Road; go west on Mowbray Road into A-4 5-10 mi Sequatchie County to East Valley Road and turn left; go to Old York Highway and turn right; go to US 127; turn left on US 127 and go to SR 28; turn right on SR 28 and go to the school on the right.Take local roads to US 27; go north on US 27 and take the Business A-5, A-6 5 -10 mi Route into Dayton to Delaware Avenue; turn left on Delaware to reach the reception center.Take local roads to SR 58; go north on SR 58 into Meigs County to B-1 0 -2 mi Decatur; go through SR 30 intersection about one block to West Memorial Dr. and turn left; go about two blocks to reach reception center.Take local roads to SR 58; go north on SR 58 into Meigs County to B-2, B-5 2 -5 mi Decatur; go through SR 30 intersection about one block to West Memorial Dr. and turn left; go about two blocks to reach reception center.Take local roads to SR 58; go north on SR 58 into Meigs County to B-3, B-5 5 -10 mi Decatur; go through SR 30 intersection about one block to West Memorial Dr. and turn left; go about two blocks to reach reception center.Take local roads to Harrison Pike into Cleveland; turn left on Keith B-6, B-8 -10 mi Street and go to 25th Street; turn right and go to Ocoee Street; turn nght on Ocoee Street and go to the shelter at Ocoee and 23rd Streets.Take local roads to Georgetown Pike (SR 60); take Georgetown Pike into Cleveland to 25th Street; follow 25th Street to Ocoee Street; turn right on Ocoee Street and go to the shelter at Ocoee and 23rd Streets.Take local roads to SR 58; go south on SR 58 to SR 153; go south C-i 0 -2 mi on SR 153; to Lee Highway/Brainerd Road; turn right on Brainerd Road and go to North Moore Road; turn right on North Moore to reach the reception center.C-2 2 -5 mi Take local roads to SR 58; go south on SR 58 to SR 153; go south 4-3 sequoyph -eu- veWl0.docx 0 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates U JS! '.h1\ I-..OO I5 jll t flJCll OS 1 -l IUiU S L50 L5 5 155 I 5)351, uII UI SO ll55 lCSI Road and go to North Moore Road; turn right on North Moore to reach the reception center.Take local roads to SR 58; go south on SR 58 to SR 153; go south on SR 153 to 1-75 South; go south on 1-75 to the East Ridge exit;C-3, C-6 5 -10 mi turn right on Ringgold Road to Tombras Road (traffic light #8); turn left on Tombras Road to Bennett Road; turn right to reach the reception center.Take local roads to South Lee Highway or Harrison Pike into C-4, C-5 5 -10 mi Cleveland to Keith Street. Go north on Keith Street to 25th Street;turn right on 25th Street and go to Ocoee Street; turn right on Ocoee Street and go to the shelter at Ocoee and 23rd Streets.Take local roads to SR 58; go south on SR 58 to SR 153; go south on SR 153 to 1-75 South; go south on 1-75 to the East Ridge exit;C-7 5 -10 mi turn right on Ringgold Road to Tombras Road (traffic light #8); turn left on Tombras Road to Bennett Road; turn right to reach the reception center.Take local roads to SR 58; go south on SR 58 to SR 153; go south C-8 5 -10 mi on SR 153 to the Shallowford Road exit; turn right to reach reception center.Take local roads to Hixson Pike; go south on Hixson Pike to D-1 0-2 mi Fernway Road; Femway Road will turn into Old Dallas Road;continue on Old Dallas Road to Dallas Road; continue on Dallas Road to the reach the reception center.Take local roads to Hixson Pike; go south on Hixson Pike to D-2 2 -5 mi Fernway Road; Fernway Road will turn into Old Dallas Road;continue on Old Dallas Road to Dallas Road; continue on Dallas Road to the reach the reception center.Take local roads to Hixson Pike; go south on Hixson Pike to D-6 5 -10 mi Fernway Road; Fernway Road will turn into Old Dallas Road;continue on Old Dallas Road to Dallas Road; continue on Dallas Road to the reach the reception center.Take local roads to Hixson Pike; go south on Hixson Pike to SR 153;go south on SR 153 to Amnicola Highway; south on Amnicola D-3 5 -10 mi Highway to Wilcox Boulevard; turn left on Wilcox Boulevard and go to Holtzclaw Avenue; turn right on Holtzclaw to Third Street; turn left on Third Street to Highland Park Avenue; turn left on North Highland Park and go to the shelter at 500 North Highland Park.Take local roads to US 27; go south on US 27 to the 1-24 D-4, D-5 5 -10 mi interchange; take the Lookout Mountain/South Broad Street exit onto Williams Street; go to 26th Street; turn left on 26th Street and go to Market Street sequoyah -ere- werl0docx 4-4 U~gs~Sdwd L.. %%%~~Legend p p a I & c IN a U X Plant Location/A Reception Centers Controlled Evacuation Route'1 OMile EPZ L EPZ Sectors Wabf WIm 0 5 Mies OW77--, Vonwwran Uow Cbg..Iwo is/I:

Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 5. Evacuation Time Estimate Methodology

5.1 Evacuation

Analysis Cases Time estimates have been prepared for a general evacuation scenario for each of these analysis cases:* Winter Weekday, Fair Weather and Adverse Weather Conditions" Winter Weeknight, Fair Weather Conditions" Winter Weekend, Fair Weather Conditions

• Summer Weekday, Fair Weather and Adverse Weather Conditions" Summer Weeknight, Fair Weather Conditions

• Summer Weekend, Fair Weather Conditions Areas for evacuation are selected based on the "keyhole" configuration (0- to 2-mile zone plus 2 to 5 miles or 0 to 2 miles plus 2- to 10-mile downwind zone). The partial-EPZ evacuation areas for SQN are reproduced in Table 5-1, based on the Protective Action Response (PAR) chart. Separate simulations may not be necessary for each of the areas listed in Table 5-1. ETEs will generally be controlled by whether one or two critical ERPAs (e.g., ERPA D-5) are included.

Enough cases will be run to ensure that representative ETEs are obtained for all potential scenarios.

For partial-EPZ evacuation cases, "shadow" vehicle demand (20 percent of residents) is assigned to all ERPAs that are not included in the evacuation region, in addition to the region outside of the EPZ.sequoysh -ele- verlO.do 5-1 0 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 5-1 Potential Evacuation Areas for Sequoyah EPZ Wind Direction (from) EPZ SubareaslERPAs 2-mile radius and 5 miles downwind N A-I, B-i, C-1, D-1, C-2 NNE-NE A-1, B-i. C-1, D-i, C-2, D-2 ENE A-i, B-i, C-1, D-1, A-3, C-2, D-2 E-ESE A-i, B-i, C-1, -i, A-3, D-2 SE A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, A-2, A-3 SSE A-i, B-i, C-1, D-1, A-2, A-3, B-2 S-SSW A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, A-2, B-2 SW A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, B-2 WSW-W A-i, B-i, C-1, D-1, B-2, B-5 WNW A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, B-2, B-5, C-2 NW-NNW A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, B-5, C-2 2-mlle radius and 10 miles downwind N A-i, B-i, C-1, D-1, C-2, C-3, C-6, C-7, C-8 NNE-NE A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, C-2, C-6, C-7, C-8, D-2, D-3, D-5, D-6 ENE A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, C-2, D-2, D-3, D-4, D-5, D-6 E A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, A-3, A-4, D-2, D-3, 0-4, D-5 ESE A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, A-3, A-4, A-5, D-2, D-3, D-4 SE A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, A-6, D-4 SSE A-i, B-i, C-1, D-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, A-5, A-6, B-2 S A-1, B-1, C-1, D-1, A-2, A-5, A-6, B-2, B-4 SSW A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, A-2, A-6, B-2, B-3, B-4 SW A-1, B-1, C-1, D-1, A-6, B-2, B-3, B-4, B-7 WSW A-1, B-1, C-1, D-I, B-2, B-3, B-4, B-5, B-6, B-7, B-8 W A-1, B-1, C-1, D-1, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-6, B-7, B-8, C-4 WNW A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, B-2, B-3, B-5, B-6, B-7, B-8, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5 NW A-i, B-i, C-1, D-i, B-5, B-6, B-8, C-2, C-3, CA, C-5, C-6 NNW A-i, B-1, C-1, D-1, B-5, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5, C-6, C-7 Entire EPZ All-ee- verl0doc.2 5-2 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 5.2 Initial Notification The EPZ surrounding SQN has an outdoor siren notification system consistent with the requirements of NUREG-0654, Rev. 1/FEMA-REP-1 Appendix 3. This system will be used by state and local officials to alert the population to turn on their radios and television sets. Pursuant to NUREG 0654, Rev. 1 guidance, notification messages will commence on the designated EAS television and radio stations concurrent with sounding of the sirens and tone alert radios. Within 15 minutes of alert notification, essentially all of the population within the EPZ will begin to receive an informational or instructional message. If evacuation is deemed necessary, the timing of the order to evacuate and notification measures will be controlled by the state and local emergency preparedness officials.

Those officials may choose to alert and mobilize an emergency response workforce to control and expedite evacuation prior to the evacuation order.5.3 Transportation-Dependent Population The transportation-dependent population includes individuals without access to transportation, as well as those requiring special transportation assistance.

Transportation-dependent persons will be notified of a protective action recommendation in the same manner as the general public. If evacuation is recommended, persons needing transportation assistance will be informed through the EAS to contact the appropriate officials for assistance.

Evacuees who do not have access to transportation and confined persons who require special transportation assistance will be provided transportation by the appropriate agency.5.4 Evacuation Preparation Times and Departure Distributions It is assumed that no vehicles will begin to evacuate during the 15-minute initial notification period. Accordingly, in the model simulations, vehicles will begin to evacuate at 15 minutes following the initial notification.

After the initial 15-minute time period, vehicles are loaded at a linear rate over each 5-minute time interval, in accordance with the network loading distributions for each population type. For example, if 2 percent of 2,500 vehicles (50 vehicles) are to be loaded at a specific location over a 5-minute period, PTV Vision will load 10 vehicles per minute at that location during the specified interval.

Network loading distribution assumptions for the permanent population, transient population, and special facilities are based on the anticipated response of different population sectors to an evacuation order.Mobilization times for residents and workers reflect the data acquired by the telephone seq.,oyah -ete- ýM~OA 5-3 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates survey of EPZ residents, and are consistent with published data from actual historical events. Loading distributions are explained below and summarized on Figure 5-1.5.4.1 Permanent and Seasonal Population Permanent and seasonal residents with access to automobiles will take varying amounts of time to begin evacuating.

Some persons will leave as quickly as possible;most will take some time to prepare, pack valuables and clothes, and then depart;some will take added time to secure property before departing; and some may require transportation assistance.

In addition, actual departure and preparation times may vary according to the perceived severity of a particular evacuation order.Based on these factors, it was assumed that there would be a period of up to 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> over which the permanent residents would begin to evacuate.

That is, permanent resident households would begin to evacuate between 15 and 180 minutes after the decision to notify the population to evacuate is made. Based on estimated warning diffusion and survey results from EPZ residents, during a weekday, 50 percent would depart within 65 minutes, 90 percent within 100 minutes, and 99 percent within 150 minutes. At night 50 percent would depart within 60 minutes, 90 percent within 95 minutes, and 99 percent within 145 minutes. These time profiles are generally consistent with observed behavior during evacuations for chemical releases.5.4.2 Transient Population It was assumed that the workforce would be subject to the same warning diffusion as the general public. Based on estimated warning diffusion and survey results from EPZ residents, it was estimated that 50 percent of the workforce would evacuate within 40 minutes following the decision to evacuate, 90 percent within 65 minutes, and 99 percent within 105 minutes. For a few facilities, it may be necessary for a limited number of workers to remain on the job in order to safely shut down processes, secure the facility, or maintain essential operations.

The evacuation time estimates do not address those workers who remain behind, since there is no reliable basis for predicting whether or how soon they will evacuate.

The assumption that all workers evacuate provides a conservative estimate of vehicle demand. Discussions with emergency preparedness officials indicate that the same time distribution is also reasonable for the other transient population categories within the EPZ, including motels and recreation areas.saqoyah -et-vek i 0cc.do 5-4 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 5.4.3 Special Facilities It was assumed that special facilities (i.e., schools, nursing homes) within the EPZ would also receive initial notification promptly.

Based on data obtained from previous studies, vehicle departure times were developed that reflect a distribution of notification, preparation, and mobilization times.Consistent with the current off-site emergency response plans, it was assumed that schools will be evacuated via bus to the designated host schools. For school facilities, it was assumed that up to 1 hour1.157407e-5 days <br />2.777778e-4 hours <br />1.653439e-6 weeks <br />3.805e-7 months <br /> may be required to assemble buses, transport vehicles to schools, and load students onto buses. Vehicles stationed at the facilities at the time of the ordered evacuation could be loaded in as little as 15 minutes following notification.

Accordingly, 50 percent of school buses depart onto the evacuation network during the period between 15 and 75 minutes, 90 percent by 135 minutes, and 99 percent by 165 minutes. The school profile was also applied for daycare facilities.

Evacuation of nursing home facilities would also require additional time associated with preparation and transport of vehicles to the respective facilities.

Based on previous studies, it was assumed that these facilities would begin to evacuate in 30 minutes to 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> following notification.

The first 50 percent will depart within 90 minutes, 90 percent within 150 minutes, and 99 percent within 180 minutes.mequoyah -ete- ve,0,docdx 5-5 0 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Departure Times -Sequoyah EPZ 1.0 X0.8 00.6_ 0.4 0.2 0.0~ 0.6 -resident night II. -worker.5 -special U -transit depend-resident day-resident night--worker--special* -,-transit depend 0 50 100 150 200 Time (minutes)Figure 5-1 Departure Time Distributions for the Sequoyah EPZ 5.5 Evacuation Simulation Traffic simulation provides the ability to analyze evacuation of an area in great detail. In most traffic simulation models, there are two main inputs: supply (roadway) network data and demand (population and vehicular) data. Traffic models use different types of algorithms to predict traffic flow and provide measures of effectiveness (MOEs) such as average travel times, total number of vehicles exiting the system, and queue lengths at various times and points.5.5.1 General Structure ARCADIS used PTV VisionTM to perform evacuation modeling for different scenarios.

The PTV Vision traffic simulation software package includes VISSIM (microscopic traffic simulation) and VISUM (macroscopic traffic simulation).

VISUM is a comprehensive, flexible software system for transportation planning, travel demand modeling, and network data management.

VISSIM is capable of performing detailed microscopic simulation of traffic, public transport, and pedestrian simulations, and can model any type of traffic control and geometric configuration.

Both VISUM and VISSIM are capable of performing multimodal analysis including cars, commercial vehicles, wequoyah -ete- wr1Odocx 5-6 0 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates buses, trains, motorcycles, bicycles, and pedestrians.

The two programs work together seamlessly, saving valuable time and resources.

I" Veritfed Evacuation Netwixk* O-D Matrices-Traffic Demand Volumes I-Trael Times-Queue Lenrgs* Bottlenecks Figure 5-2 Evacuation Modeling and Simulation Using PTV Vision Suite VISUM was used to develop the evacuation network and population entry nodes (centroids).

One of the key features of VISUM is its ability to interact seamlessly with GIS data such as the ESRI ArcGIS database.

The field-verified evacuation network data and demand data developed in ArcGIS were imported directly into VISUM. Origin-destination trip tables were developed for the evacuation and imported into VISUM.VISUM software was then used to route the origin-destination information on the network using a dynamic equilibrium algorithm.

This algorithm ensured that traffic levels on the network were realistic given the capacities available on individual links.Once an initial solution was found in VISUM, the information was exported into VISSIM for microsimulation.

A microsimulation was deemed a necessary step in order to obtain detailed and realistic results on queuing and average travel times. VISSIM can model an intersection with different types of traffic control such as yield signs, stop signs, and signals. VISSIM also provides a better understating of critical and congested parts of the network.sequ oyh -e-vo rlO".dwcx 5-7 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 5.5.2 Simulation Process The ETE results include the time to evacuate 90 percent and 100 percent of the total permanent and transient population.

Based on the current guidance, ETEs for special facilities, schools, and the transit-dependent population are developed separately; only time to evacuate 100 percent of these population groups was needed.Consistent with current guidance, vehicle demand for each scenario was based on 100 percent of the population residing in areas designated for evacuation, plus 20 percent of the population residing in ERPAs outside the designated evacuation area, and 20 percent of the population residing outside of the EPZ, out to a distance of 15 miles. Vehicle demand outside of the designated evacuation area is intended to account for the impact of "shadow evacuees." A sensitivity analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of different input parameters and assumptions such as changes in lane closures, trip generation times, vehicular demand, and evacuation routes.The simulation process is summarized below: VISUM 1. Create every scenario based on a. Background traffic b. Time of day c. Day of week d. Weather condition e. Season f. Wind direction g. Shadow traffic 2. Run Dynamic Traffic Assignment to calculate permanent and transient, shadow, special need/school volumes.3. Assignment process will last until suitable convergence is reached. VISUM provides output on the goodness of convergence after assignment.

The convergence fit is not as critical because this is an evacuation model of a no-notice event, therefore, full user equilibrium cannot be expected.4. Export to VISSIM.sequoyah -eae- wrlO.docx 5-8 Q ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates VISSIM 1. Warm-up time built into background/pass-through traffic generation.

2. Check for any local calibration parameters.

3. Run the final multimodal Dynamic Traffic Assignment in VISSIM to consider queues and intersection delays.4. Sensitivity analysis and count evacuees at 2, 5, and 10 miles.5. Prepare ETE times.MOEs 1. 90 percent evacuation time (for all wind directions and scenarios, staged and normal evacuations)

a. This applies to evacuation of the public only.2. 100 percent evacuation time (for all wind directions and scenarios, staged and normal evacuations).

3. Color-coded roadway map at various times (2, 4, 6 hours6.944444e-5 days <br />0.00167 hours <br />9.920635e-6 weeks <br />2.283e-6 months <br />), which identifies where long queues exist, including LOS E and F conditions.

sequoyah -ew- verlOdocx-5-9 A Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 6. Analysis of Evacuation Times 6.1 Evacuation Time Estimate Summary ETEs for the general population in the Sequoyah EPZ are summarized by scenario and distance in Table 6-1 (times for 90 percent and 100 percent of vehicles to depart, for 2-mile zones, all zones to 5 miles, and all zones to 10 miles). The pattern of evacuation times is consistent with the differences in vehicle demand and travel time for different scenarios.

The 2-mile zone involves the shortest travel distance and the fewest vehicles; 90 percent ETEs for the 2-mile zone range from 1:55 to 2:20, and 100 percent ETEs are 3:05 to 4:15. For all zones out to 5 miles, the 90 percent ETEs are 2:55 to 3:35, and the 100 percent ETEs are 3:50 to 4:40. For the full EPZ, the 90 percent ETEs are 3:35 to 4:10, while the 100 percent ETEs are 5:00 to 5:55. All of these times are indicative of moderate delays related to traffic congestion.

The summer day scenario has slightly less number of evacuees and ETE than summer weekend scenario.

Summer day has more transient population (with faster loading curve) and less permanent residents (longer loading curve) than summer weekend (less transient and more permanent population);

therefore, the ETEs for the summer day scenario are shorter.During normal weather conditions, the final 10 percent of vehicles clear the 2-mile and 5-mile zones approximately 90 and 60 minutes after the initial 90 percent clear. When the full EPZ evacuates, the last 10 percent will take approximately 85 minutes longer to evacuate.

Adverse weather adds up to 30 minutes for the summer weekday ETEs, and up to 55 minutes for the winter weekday ETEs.6.2 Comparison with Previous Study There are numerous methodological differences between the current ETE study and the 2001 study. A drop in transient residents was noted between the studies (24,300 vs. 13,507). The current study uses facility-specific estimates, supplemented by data from LEHD. In addition, the current study makes adjustments to minimize double counting.

The previous study assumed a speed of 20 mph on all major evacuation routes. The simulations results for the current study resulted in varied speeds on all major evacuation routes. The new 100% ETE time is 5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> compared to the 8 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> 30 minutes estimated in the 2001 study.sequoyah -ete- verl 0doc 6x 6-1 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 6.3 Keyhole Evacuation Scenarios ETEs for scenarios that reflect the current range of Protective Action Response (PAR)scenarios to evacuate the near-field population and selected downwind zones are summarized in Table 6-2 for 5-mile PAR scenarios and Table 6-3 for 10-mile PAR scenarios.

The 2-mile zone and 5-mile downwind PAR scenarios have very similar 100% ETEs. The 90 percent times are also similar, except for the ENE, E, ESE, SE, and SSE scenarios, which take about 60 minutes longer to clear. In general, the results reflect the strong influence of zones with larger populations, such as ERPAs A-3, D-2, and C-2 which incorporates the cities of Soddy-Daisy, Hixson, and Harrison, Tennessee.

A high amount of resident population is concentrated here. These population centers take longer to clear than transient population.

The 2-mile zone and 10-mile downwind PAR scenarios also show similar trends. The 100% ETEs are less than 5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br /> or more than 5 hours5.787037e-5 days <br />0.00139 hours <br />8.267196e-6 weeks <br />1.9025e-6 months <br />, and 90% ETEs are less than 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> or more than 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> -depending upon whether a scenario includes zone(s) with lower or higher populations.

6.4 Staged

Evacuation Scenarios A series of staged evacuation scenarios were evaluated based on NRC guidance (CR-7002).

In a staged evacuation, the 2-mile zone evacuates first, while surrounding zones shelter in place; after the population has evacuated the 2-mile zone, the outer zones would be instructed to evacuate.

The "Stage 1" time is determined by simulating evacuation of the 2-mile zone for the winter weekday, normal weather scenario, with only background and shadow traffic in other parts of the EPZ. Once the Stage 1 time (1:55) was determined, a revised set of departure curves was developed for the outer (Stage 2) zones. The Stage 2 departure curves for Sequoyah are shown on Figure 6-1. The departure curves are much steeper at the beginning of Stage 2 to account for the preparation time of evacuees sheltering in place during Stage 1. It was assumed that these evacuees will be ready to go at the beginning of Stage 2.Results for staged evacuation scenarios are summarized in Table 6-4. The ETEs show some variation per wind direction.

Again, the inclusion of ERPAs A-3, D-2, and C-3 lengthens the clearance time. The 90% ETEs for the staged scenarios are slightly greater than the 90% ETEs for the "unstaged" scenarios.

This accounts for the fact that 90% ETE for the outer 2- to 5-mile zone takes slightly longer to clear under a staged evacuation due to their delayed start time. The 100% ETEs for the staged scenarios for ENE, E, ESE, SE, SSE, S, and SSW are greater than the 100%moquDyahete-verO~doc6x 6-2 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates ETEs for the "unstaged" scenarios.

The 100% ETEs for the staged scenarios for N, NNE, NE, SW, WSW, W, WNW, NW, and NNW are less than the 100% ETEs for the"unstaged" scenarios.

Whether a particular unstaged scenario has a higher or lower ETE compared to the staged scenario depends on several factors such as population types, departure times, and traffic flow patterns.6.5 TEMA Sector Evacuation Scenarios Part of the Tennessee PAR logic is to evacuate full sectors of the EPZ at once rather than by individual ERPA. For example, if ERPAs A-1 and A-2 are recommended to evacuate, then TEMA will evacuate all of Sector A. Table 6-5 summarizes the evacuation time estimates for the each sector. The results are similar to the keyhole scenarios presented in Table 6-3. Sector C has the longest 90% and 100% ETEs across all weather scenarios due to evacuees having to take more congested routes found in this sector such as State Highway 58 around City of Harrison, Tennessee.

Stage 2 Departure times -Sequoyah EPZ 1.0"0 t 0.8 EU"1 0.6 0.4 E 0.2 0.0'VP II/II/-residentcday-resi dent night-worker-schools-special-transitdepend

=f 0 50 100 time (minutes)150 200 Figure 6-1 Stage 2 Departure Time Distributions for the Sequoyah EPZ sequoyah -ere verO.docx 6-3 C2 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 6-1 Evacuation Time Estimate Summary for Sequoyah EPZ Affected ERPAs scenario:

(1) 1 e(2) 1 (3) (4) 1 a(5) 1 e(6) a(7) N(8)Weather: Normal IAdverse I Normal Normal INormal IAdverse INormal Normal 90 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes) 2-mile A-1,B.-1,C-1,D-1 zone 1:55 2:10 1:55 1:55 1:55 2:20 1:55 1:55 AI,A-2,A-3,B1,B-2,B-5-mile 5,Ci,C-2,D1,D-2 zone 2:55 3:20 3:00 3:05 3:00 3:35 3:00 3:00 10-mile ALL EPZ 3:35 3:50 3:40 3:35 3:40 4:10 3:40 3:35 100 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes) 2-mile A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1 zone 3:35 4:05 3:05 3:05 3:30 4:15 3:05 3:05 Al ,A-2,A-3,B1,B-2,B-5-mile 5,Cl,C-2,D1,D-2 zone 3:50 4:20 4:00 4:15 3:55 4:40 3:55 3:55 10-mile ALL EPZ 5:00 5:30 5:15 5:00 5:00 5:55 5:05 5:00 sequoyah -etWrwlO.d6cx 6-4 Q ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 6-2 Evacuation Time Estimates for Partial EPZ Scenarios (2-Mile Zone Plus 5-Mile Downwind, Unstaged)I Scenario:

I (1) I (2) I (3) I (4) I (5) I (6) I (7) 1 (8) I Affectd RPINonoaNal Adverse Normal INoral I 90 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes)

A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,C-2 N 2:00 2:15 2:00 2:05 1:55 2:20 1:55 1:55 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,C-2,D-2 NNE-NE 2:15 2:35 2:20 2:25 2:20 2:50 2:20 2:20 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-3,C-2,D-2 ENE 2:50 3:10 2:50 2:55 2:50 3:25 2:55 2:55 A-1 ,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-3,D-2 E-ESE 2:55 3:20 3:00 3:05 2:55 3:35 3:00 3:00 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-2,A-3 SE 2:55 3:20 3:00 3:05 3:00 3:35 3:00 3:00 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-2,A-3,B-2 SSE 2:55 3:20 2:55 3:00 2:55 3:35 3:00 3:00 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-2,B-2 S-SSW 1:55 2:10 2:00 2:00 1:55 2:20 2:00 2:00 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2 SW 1:55 2:15 2:00 2:00 1:55 2:25 2:00 2:00 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2,B-5 WSW-W 1:55 2:10 2:00 2:00 1:55 2:20 2:00 2:00 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2,B-5,C-2 WNW 1:55 2:15 2:00 2:05 1:55 2:20 1:55 1:55 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-5,C-2 NW-NNW 1:55 2:15 2:00 2:05 1:55 2:20 1:55 1:55 100 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes)

A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,C-2 N 3:50 4:20 4:00 4:15 3:45 4:30 3:45 3:45 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,C-2,D-2 NNE-NE 3:50 4:20 4:00 4:15 3:45 4:30 3:45 3:45 A-1 ,B-1,C-1,D-1 ,A-3,C-2,D-2 ENE 3:45 4:15 3:55 4:10 3:55 4:40 3:55 3:55 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-3,D-2 E-ESE 3:45 4:15 3:55 4:10 3:55 4:40 3:55 3:55 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-2,A-3 SE 3:45 4:10 3:55 4:05 3:55 4:40 3:55 3:55 6-5 sequoyah -er- ver 10.docx ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Scenario:

I (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)Affected ERPAs t + + I + + +Weather: i Normal Adverse 1 Normal I Normal 1 Normal I Adverse I Normal i Normal A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-2,A-3,B-2 SSE 3:45 4:10 3:55 4:05 3:55 4:40 3:55 3:55 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-2,B-2 S-SSW 3:35 4:00 3:45 3:55 3:45 4:30 3:45 3:45 A-1 ,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2 SW 3:50 4:20 4:00 4:15 3:45 4:30 3:50 3:50 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2,B-5 WSW-W 3:50 4:20 4:00 4:15 3:45 4:30 3:45 3:45 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2,B-5,C-2 WNW 3:50 4:20 4:00 4:15 3:45 4:30 3:45 3:45 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-5,C-2 NW-NNW 3:50 4:20 4:00 4:15 3:45 4:30 3:45 3:45 6-6 sequoyah -et.- vewl0.docx ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 6-3 Evacuation Time Estimates for Partial EPZ Scenarios (2-Mile Zone Plus 10-Mile Downwind, Unstaged)Scenario:

I (1) 1 (2) 1 (3) I (4) I (5)(7) (8) t Normal Normal I Weather: I Normal I Adverse I Normal I Normal I Normal I Adverse 90 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes)

A-1,B-1,C-I,D-I,C-2,C-3,C-6,C-7,C-8 N 3:35 3:50 3:35 3:35 3:20 3:55 3:25 3:20 A-1 ,B-1 ,C.-1,D-l,C-2,C-6,C-7,C-8,D-2,D-3,D-5,D-6 NNE-NE 3:35 3:50 3:35 3:35 3:40 4:10 3:40 3:35 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,C-2,D-2,D-3,D-4,D-5,D-6 ENE 3:05 3:35 3:15 3:15 3:10 3:45 3:10 3:10 A-1,B-1 ,C-I,D-1,A-3,A-4,D-2,D-3,D-4,D-5 E 3:35 3:50 3:40 3:35 3:40 4:10 3:40 3:35 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-I,D-1,A-3,A-4,A-5,D-2,D-3,D-4 ESE 3:10 3:40 3:20 3:20 3:10 3:45 3:10 3:10 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,A-2,A-3,A-4,A-5,A-6,D-4 SE 3:10 3:40 3:20 3:20 3:10 3:40 3:05 3:05 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1 ,A-2,A-3,A-4,A-5,A-6,B-2 SSE 3:15 3:45 3:20 3:20 3:10 3:45 3:10 3:10 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-I,D-1 ,A-2,A-5,A-6,B-2,B-4 S 2:35 3:00 2:45 2:45 2:30 3:00 2:35 2:35 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-I,D--1 ,A-2,A-6,B-2,B-3,B-4 SSW 2:40 3:05 2:45 2:45 2:30 3:00 2:35 2:35 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,A-6,B-2,B-3,B-4,B-7 SW 2:25 2:50 2:35 2:35 2:20 2:50 2:25 2:25 A-1,B-i,C-I,D-1,B-2,B-3,B-4,B-5,B-6,B-7,B-8 WSW 2:20 2:40 2:25 2:25 2:15 2:40 2:20 2:20 A-1,B-1,C-I,D-1,B-2,B-3,B-W 2:20 2:40 2:25 2:25 2:15 2:40 2:15 2:15 I sequoyah -eba- velO.docx6 6-7 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Scenario: (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)Affected ERPAs I 1- 1 I Weather: Normal Adverse Normal Normal Normal Adverse Normal Normal Weather: Normal Adverse Normal Normal Normal Adverse Normal Normal 5,13-6,13-7,13-8,C-4 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,B-2,B-3,B-5,B-6,B-7,B-8,C-2,C-3,C-4,C-5 WNW 2:20 2:40 2:25 2:25 2:15 2:40 2:15 2:15 A-1,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,B-5,B-6,B-8,C-2,C-3,C-4,C-5,C-6 NW 2:25 2:45 2:30 2:30 2:20 2:45 2:20 2:20 A-1 ,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-5,C-2,C-3,C-4,C-5,C-6,C-7 NNW 3:30 3:50 3:30 3:30 3:30 4:05 3:35 3:30 100 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes)

A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,C-2,C-3,C-6,C-7,C-8 N 5:00 5:30 5:15 5:00 5:00 5:55 5:05 5:00 A-1 ,B-1,C-1,D-1,C-2,C-6,C-7,C-8,D-2,D-3,D-5,D-6 NNE-NE 5:00 5:30 5:15 5:00 5:00 5:55 5:00 4:55 A-1 ,B-1,C-1,D-1,C-2,D-2,D-3,D-4,D-5,D-6 ENE 4:15 4:40 4:30 4:20 4:15 5:05 4:15 4:15 A-i ,B-1,C-1,D-1,A-3,A-4,D-2,D-3,D-4,D-5 E 4:15 4:40 4:25 4:20 4:20 5:05 4:15 4:15 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,A-3,A-4,A-5,D-2,D-3,D-4 ESE 4:10 4:35 4:25 4:15 4:10 4:55 4:10 4:10 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,A-2,A-3,A-4,A-5,A-6,D-4 SE 4:05 4:30 4:15 4:10 4:05 4:50 4:05 4:05 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,A-2,A-3,A-4,A-5,A-6,B-2 SSE 4:05 4:30 4:20 4:10 4:05 4:50 4:05 4:05 A-1 ,B-1 ,C--1,D-1,A-2,A-5,A-6,B-2,B-4 S 4:10 4:35 4:20 4:10 4:10 4:55 4:05 4:05 sequoyah -ete- vet10,doc-6-8 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Scenario: (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)Affected ERPAs t t -~ 1- 1 1- t Weather: Normnal Adverse Normal Normal Normnal Adverse Normnal Normal A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,A-2,A-6,B-2,B-3,B-4 SSW 4:10 4:35 4:25 4:20 4:10 4:55 4:10 4:10 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,A-6,B-2,B-3,B-4,B-7 SW 4:10 4:35 4:25 4:20 4:10 4:55 4:10 4:10 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2,B-3,B-4,B-5,B-6,B-7,B-8 WSW 4:15 4:40 4:30 4:25 4:10 4:55 4:10 4:10 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2,B-3,B-5,B-6,B-7,B-8,C-4 W 4:15 4:40 4:30 4:25 4:15 5:00 4:15 4:15 A-1,B-1,C-1,D-1,B-2,B-3,B-5,B-6,B-7,B-8,C-2,C-3,C-4,C-5 WNW 4:15 4:40 4:30 4:25 4:05 4:50 4:05 4:05 A-1 ,B-1 ,C-1,D-1 ,B-5,B-6,B-8,C-2,C-3,C-4,C-5,C-6 NW 4:15 4:40 4:30 4:25 4:05 4:50 4:05 4:05 A-1,B-1 ,C-1,D-1,C-2,C-3,C-6,C-7 NNW 5:00 5:30 5:15 5:00 5:00 5:55 5:05 5:00 sequoyah -ete- etOIdocx-6-9 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 6-4 Evacuation Time Estimates for Staged EPZ Scenarios (2-Mile Zone, then 5-Mile Downwind)( -, le /-one I Scenario: ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)then: Weather: Normal Adverse Normal Normal Normal Adverse Normal Normal 90 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes)

C-2 N 2:25 2:40 2:30 2:30 2:20 2:50 2:25 2:25 C-2,D-2 NNE-NE 2:40 3:00 2:45 2:50 2:40 3:10 2:45 2:45 A-3,C-2,D-2 ENE 3:00 3:20 3:00 3:05 3:00 3:35 3:05 3:05 A-3,D-2 E-ESE 3:05 3:30 3:10 3:15 3:10 3:45 3:10 3:10 A-2,A-3 SE 3:05 3:25 3:10 3:15 3:10 3:45 3:15 3:15 A-2,A-3,B-2 SSE 3:05 3:25 3:05 3:10 3:05 3:45 3:10 3:10 A-2,B-2 S-SSW 2:10 2:25 2:15 2:15 2:10 2:35 2:15 2:15 B-2 SW 2:10 2:25 2:10 2:15 2:10 2:30 2:10 2:10 B-5 WSW-W 2:15 2:30 2:15 2:20 2:15 2:40 2:15 2:15 B-2,B-5,C-2 WNW 2:25 2:40 2:30 2:30 2:20 2:50 2:25 2:25 B-5,C-2 NW-NNW 2:25 2:40 2:30 2:30 2:20 2:50 2:25 2:25 100 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes)

C-2 N 3:35 4:00 3:45 3:55 3:25 4:05 3:25 3:25 C-2,D-2 NNE-NE 3:45 4:10 3:50 4:05 3:45 4:25 3:45 3:45 A-3,C-2,D-2 ENE 4:00 4:25 4:05 4:20 4:00 4:45 4:05 4:05 A-3,D-2 E-ESE 3:55 4:25 4:05 4:20 4:00 4:50 4:05 4:05 A-2,A-3 SE 4:00 4:30 4:10 4:25 4:05 4:55 4:10 4:10 sequoyah -oee- vrlOdox 10 6-10 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates z,-miie zone (A-e, B-n, C-1, D-1)then:+ 4- 4 *I-Weather: I Normal I Adverse I Normal I Normal I Normal I Adverse I Normal I Normal A-2,A-3,B-2 SSE 4:00 4:30 4:10 4:25 4:05 4:55 4:10 4:10 A-2,B-2 S-SSW 3:35 4:00 3:45 3:55 3:35 4:15 3:35 3:35 B-2 SW 3:35 4:00 3:45 3:55 3:25 4:05 3:25 3:25 B-2,B-5 WSW-W 3:35 4:00 3:45 3:55 3:25 4:05 3:25 3:25 B-2,B-5,C-2 WNW 3:35 4:00 3:45 3:55 3:25 4:05 3:25 3:25 B-5,C-2 NW-NNW 3:35 4:00 3:45 3:55 3:25 4:05 3:25 3:25 seqJoyah -9eW vet0.do 6-11 Q ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 6-5 Evacuation Time Estimates for TEMA Sectors I Scenario:

I (1) I (2) I (3)1 (4) 1 (5) 1 (6) 1 (7) 1 (8)Affected ERPAs I Weather: I Normal I Adverse I Normal I Normal I Normal I Adverse I Normal I Normal NormalI I Noma Ioml des I NomlI N a 90 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes)

A-1 ,A-2,A-3,A-4,A-5,A-6 Sector A 3:15 3:45 3:20 3:20 3:10 3:45 3:10 3:10 B-1,7-2,B-3,8-4,1-5,1-Sector B 2:20 2:40 2:25 2:25 2:15 2:40 2:20 2:20 6,13-7,13-8

_ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _C-1,C-2,C-3,C-4,C-5,C-Sector C 3:30 3:50 3:30 3:30 3:30 4:05 3:35 3:30 6,C-7,C-8 D-1,D-2,D-3,D-4,D-5,D-Sector D 3:05 3:35 3:15 3:15 3:10 3:45 3:10 3:10 6 1__ _ _ _ _ 1___ _ 1__ _ _ 1__ _ _ _ 1 1 1 1_100 Percent Evacuation of Affected Areas (hours:minutes)

A-1,A-2,A-3,A-4,A-5,A-6 Sector A 4:05 4:30 4:15 4:10 4:05 4:50 4:05 4:05 B-1,B-2,B-3,B-4,B-5,1-Sector B 4:15 4:40 4:30 4:25 4:10 4:55 4:10 4:10 6,B-7,B-8 C-1,C-2,C-3,C-4,C-5,C-Sector C 5:00 5:30 5:15 5:00 5:00 5:55 5:05 5:00 6,C-7,C-8 5:05_4:15 D-1,D-2,D-3,D-4,D-5,D-Sector D 4:15 4:40 4:30 4:20 4:15 5:05 4:15 4:15 6 1 1 1 1 1 1 sequoyah -etl e0.doct6x 6-12 Sequoyah Nuclear Power 9 ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 6.6 Sensitivity to Population Growth and Roadway Impact 6.6.1 Population Growth NRC guidance (CR-7002) for updating ETE studies more frequently than the 10-year federal census includes criteria based on population growth. Specifically, if the residential population growth in the EPZ since the last ETE update is sufficient to cause an increase in the ETE by 25 percent or by 30 minutes, whichever is less, then a full ETE update study must be performed.

A sensitivity analysis was performed by determining the 90 percent ETEs for increases of 10, 15, 20, and 25 percent of the EPZ residential population for the summer weekend, normal weather scenario.

This scenario produced the longest ETE by season or time of day. The population was increased in the same manner in the surrounding region, out to 15 miles. With a 25 percent increase in residential population above the 2010 U.S. Census values, the 90 percent ETE for the full EPZ increased to 4:09, an increase of 29 minutes. Because the EPZ residential population for Sequoyah changed by less than 16 percent between 2000 and 2010, it appears unlikely that an increase of 25 percent or 30 minutes will occur before 2020.The 100% ETEs increased more rapidly than the 90% ETEs, consistent with the general pattern of all ETE results. Results are illustrated on Figure 6-2. With a 25 percent increase in population, the 100% ETE for the full EPZ increased by 56 minutes. NRC guidance (CR-7002) indicates that emergency planning decisions should be based on the 90% ETEs. It was assumed that if the residential growth within the EPZ was more than 20 percent within 10 years, it would be substantial enough to be noticed by all residents within the EPZ and local officials.

Therefore, the recommended update threshold for the Sequoyah EPZ, based on population growth, is 20 percent.sequoyah -eu- wrlO.do6x 6-13 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates SQN-Population Growth vs ETE (Full EPZ)6:25 6:20 6:15 y = 0.1715x + 0.2196 6:10 R 2 = 0.996 6:05 6:00 5:50 10 mile 5:45" 5:40 -Upper 5:35 -Unear(10mile) 5:30 5:25 5:20 _5:15 5:10 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%Population Increase %Figure 6-2 ETE Population Growth Sensitivity Analysis 6.6.2 Roadway Impact NRC guidance (CR-7002) also requires analysis of a "roadway impact" scenario.

For this scenario, a major evacuation route is removed or reduced in capacity.Specifically, one of the five highest volume roadways is removed from service. This scenario is specified as summer weekday, normal weather for the full EPZ. For Sequoyah, the five highest volume roadways for this scenario are listed below:* SR 58 SB (South of EPZ) -12,046 vehicles* SR 319 SB -10,976 vehicles* US27/SR29 NB -7,709 vehicles* 1-75 SB -5,317 vehicles a SR 58 NB (North of EPZ) -3,351 vehicles sequoyah -eW- "erlO.docx 6-14 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates The route with the highest volume of vehicles, SR 58 was selected for the roadway impact. The roadway impact was modeled by completely blocking the route to traffic.The road closure caused re-routing of evacuees compared to the summer day scenario with no lane closure. The impact location is shown on Figure 6-3. With the road closure in place, the ETEs increased from 3:30 (90%) and 5:00 (100%) to 4:55 (90%) and 8:25 (100%). The increased ETEs are due to evacuees taking alternate routes to avoid the road closure. Figure 6-3 compares the traffic flows by link before and after the road closure.j5~Figure 6-3 Comparison of Traffic Flows Before and After Road Closure Scenario 6.7 Performance Metrics for Simulation Model The performance of VISSIM is assessed using standard metrics, consistent with the guidance provided in CR-7002. Table 6-6 provides a summary of simulation parameters for winter day normal weather scenario for the full EPZ. Figure 6-4 illustrates the number of vehicles on the network over the course of the simulation, mquoyah -eWa werI0.dwcx 6-15 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates while Figure 6-5 compares the rate of vehicles loading onto the network to the frequency of departures.

The parameters in Table 6-6 include an average travel speed for evacuating vehicles of 17.7 miles per hour, which indicates that traffic is encountering significant congestion during much of the simulation.

The average travel time of 3.08 hours9.259259e-5 days <br />0.00222 hours <br />1.322751e-5 weeks <br />3.044e-6 months <br /> reflects travel to the designated reception centers, rather than the travel time to exit the EPZ.Table 6-6 Summary of Network Performance (Full 10-Mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)Average Delay (a) 4,405 882 6,352 Average Stop Delay (s) 1,323 270 1,905 Average # of Stops 955 197 1,374 Average Speed (mph) 20.9 35.2 17.7 Average Travel Time (hr) 2.42 1.23 3.08 Vehicle Hours Traveled (VHT) 167,121 30,701 136,420 Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) 3,496,245 1,080,191 2,416,055# of Completed Trips 75,802 24,908 50,894 Averae Spe for Major Evacuation Routes US 27 SB 61.4 Hixson Pike (TN 319 SB) 10.0 Middle Valley Rd to Hixson Pike SB 21.6 TN 58 SB 18.4 1-75 SB 61.3 Hunter Rd to 1-75 SB 53.3 Dayton Pike (TN 29 NB) 50.3 TN 312 NB 43.2 TN 58 NB 45.0 TN 2 NB 44.9 1-75 NB 66.2 sequoyah -eu- verl0dcx-1 6-16 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Evacuation Vehicles by Hour Crossing EPZ Boundary Fair Weather, Winter Day, Full EPZ Scenario 25000' 20000 0 15000 10000 E z 5000 n n 2-mile U 5-mile N1lO-mile 1.'1 2 3 4 Simulation Hour 10-mile: 90%'ETE = 3:40, 100% = 5:00 5 6 Figure 6-4 Time Distribution of Vehicles on the Network (Full 10-Mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)sequoyah -et.- eilO -.do6-6-17 0 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Mobilization and Cumulative EPZ Evacuation 50 100%90%40 80%70%30 60%.Ca we 50%0% E~ecuafion 20 40% FNibilization 30%10 20%10%0 0%0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Time after Evacuation Order Issued (min)Figure 6-5 Comparison of Vehicle Mobilization and Departure Rates (Total Vehicles 50,894)6.8 ETE for Transit-Dependent, Special Facilities, and Schools The ETE for transit-dependent members of the general public is estimated based on the assumption of a single set of bus and van runs. In the event an evacuation of the full EPZ is called, drivers will be dispatched to individual homes. School buses are assumed to return to the EPZ after they have completed the evacuation of school children.

Therefore, the transit-dependent run is assumed to begin 3 hours3.472222e-5 days <br />8.333333e-4 hours <br />4.960317e-6 weeks <br />1.1415e-6 months <br /> after the evacuation notice, allowing time for a majority of school buses to return to the EPZ.The time sequence would then proceed in the following steps: 0 40 minutes for the bus to pick-up and load passengers (3:40)0 50 minutes to travel out to reception center, and 10 minutes to unload (4:40)Estimated evacuation times for special facilities, schools, and daycares located in the EPZ are summarized in Tables 6-7 and 6-8. These times are shorter than the 90 %seuoaoyh -etr- 6-18 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates and 100% ETEs for the general population.

Facility-specific estimates are based on a three-step time sequence:

(1) mobilization, (2) loading, and (3) travel out of the EPZ.For travel time, average speeds were estimated for the anticipated evacuation route, based on the traffic simulation for the winter day scenario.

The simplified stepwise methodology used to determine these estimates provides a typical evacuation time, rather than an upper bound 100 percent value.sequoyah -ek- wer1O.dox 6-19 Q ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 6-7 ETE for Special Facilities, Sequoyah EPZ (Full 10-mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Nonmal Weather)in uare Center 120 6/24 moD /Auto 90 I 30 7 61.4 5 125"Open Arms Care" Van or Amb /Facilities 32 2/15 Auto 60 15 5 61.3 5 80 21/ Van or Amb /Memorial Hospital 408 200 Auto 120 60 2 10.0 10 190 Life Care Center 108 6/40 Van /Auto 90 30 2 10.0 5 125 Morning Pointe 68 4/25 Van / Auto 90 30 2 10.0 5 125 sequoyah -eb- ve,1O.dcx2 6-20 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 6-8 ETE for Schools and Daycares, Sequoyah EPZ (Full 10-mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)John Allen Elementary 624 11/45 Ous I Auto 120 60 8 61.4 10 190 Bus/Snow Hill Elementary 563 10 /41 Auto 120 60 10 18.4 35 215 Bus /Hamilton County H.S. 152 3/10 Auto 90 30 5 43.2 5 125 Bus /Sequoyah High. School 369 7/26 Auto 120 60 9 61.4 10 190 Bus /McConnell Elementary 614 11/44 Auto 120 60 8 10.0 50 230 Bus /Loftis Middle School 826 14 / 62 Auto 120 60 8 10.0 50 230 Bus /Soddy-Daisy Middle S. 564 10/41 Auto 120 60 8 61.4 10 190 Bus /Soddy Elementary 380 7/21 Auto 120 60 6 50.3 5 185 32/ Bus /Ooltewah H.S. 1902 142 Auto 120 60 4 61.3 5 185 Bus /Brown Middle School. 516 9 / 38 Auto 120 60 2.5 18.4 10 190 Bus /Central H.S. 1050 18 / 78 Auto 120 60 3 18.4 10 190 Bus /Harrison Elementary 487 9 / 34 Auto 120 60 2.5 18.4 10 190 27/ Bus /Soddy-Daisy H.S. 1568 115 Auto 120 60 9 61.4 10 190 Bus /Daisy Elementary 473 8 8/36 Auto 120 60 9 61.4 10 190 sequoyah -ete- verlO.docx 6-21 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Bus I Auto Ganns Elementary 480 8/36 120 60 6 21.6 15 195 Bus /Falling Water Elem. 241 5/16 Auto 90 30 2 61.4 5 125 Bus I Hixson H.S. 762 13/57 Auto 120 60 3 10.0 20 200 Bus /Hixson M.S. 488 9/34 Auto 120 60 3 10.0 5 185 Bus /Big Ridge Elementary 585 10/ 34 Auto 120 60 3 10.0 20 200 Bus /W. A. Smith Elem. 879 15/53 Auto 120 60 8 53.3 10 190 Bus /N. Ham. Co. Elem. 407 7/27 Auto 120 60 5 50.3 5 185 Bus /Hunter Road Mid. 785 14 /57 Auto 120 60 8 53.3 5 185 Bus /Prospect Elementary School 422 8/29 Auto 120 60 2 66.2 5 185 Bus /Ivy Academy 200 1 4/12 Auto 90 30 4 61.4 5 125 Ooltewah 7th Day Adventisr 100 7 Bus 90 30 5 61.3 5 125 Day Care Facilities Bus /Childcare Network (Ooltewah) 74 2 / 9 Auto 90 30 5 61.3 5 125 Van /Discovery Point CDC 35 3/4 Auto 60 15 8 53.3 10 85 Bus /Daisy Head Start 144 1 3/20 Auto 90 30 9 61.4 10 130 sego -eam- verlO.d6x 6-22 C2 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Van /Auto Hixson Learning Center 211 2/4 60 15 3 10.0 20 95 Bus /Kids R Kids Preschool 60 1/9 Auto 90 30 4 10.0 25 145 Bus /Hixson First Baptist CDC 113 2/17 Auto 90 30 4 10.0 25 145 Van /Hixson U Methodist Preschl 48 4/6 Auto 60 15 4 10.0 25 100 Bus /Burks United Methodist DC 60 1 / 9 Auto 90 30 4 10.0 25 145 Bus /Childcare Network (Hixson) 50 1/7 Auto 90 30 4 21.6 10 130 Bus /Grace Christian Academy 65 2/7 Auto 90 30 2 61.4 5 125 Bus /ABC Day Care Center 68 2/8 Auto 90 30 9 61.4 10 130 Van /Sequoyah Learning Center 15 2 / 3 Auto 60 15 9 61.4 10 85 Van /ABC Day Nursery 15 2/3 Auto 60 15 9 61.4 10 85 Bus /Mill Creek Country Day School 120 2/18 Auto 90 30 4 61.3 5 125 Van /Tiny Scholars 31 3/4 Auto 60 15 5 21.6 15 90 Van /Bachman Academy 46 1 4/6 Auto 60 15 3 44.9 5 80 seqpoyah -eam- w 0docx63 6-23 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 6.9 Special Event A special event was modeled for the Hamilton County Fair. An additional 700 personal vehicles (three persons per vehicle) and 30 buses were modeled. It was assumed that all of the vehicles would park within walking distance of the Chester Frost Park (ERPA D-6) and that the departure rates would be similar to other transient visitors in the EPZ.It was also assumed that the buses would leave Middle Valley Recreational Park (ERPA D-3) and travel to the designated reception center (Orchard Knob Middle School), with a round trip time of 30 minutes.When the additional vehicles were added to the full EPZ, summer weekend (normal weather) scenario, the ETEs increased from 3:40 (90 percent) and 5:15 (100 percent)to 4:00 (90 percent) and 5:25 (100 percent).

The 10-minute increase in the 100 percent evacuation time is an expected outcome since the event takes place at the edge of the EPZ. The vehicles leaving from the event are able to leave in a reasonable amount of time without causing additional traffic delay.sequoyah -ete- velrO.docx 6-24 Sequoyah Nuclear Power ARCADIS Plant Evacuation Time Estimates 7. Traffic Control Recommendations

7.1 General

Evacuation simulation results have been reviewed to assess access control locations, traffic management locations, and recommendations for the Sequoyah EPZ. Predicted queuing at high-volume intersections is summarized in Table 7-1.7.2 Evacuation Access Control Locations Access control measures were not specifically addressed in the conduct of this study. Background traffic within the EPZ was not found to be a significant contributor to traffic congestion during the early stages of evacuation.

7.3 Traffic

Management Locations and Tactics to Facilitate Evacuation The traffic simulation results for Sequoyah indicate that traffic flow will encounter congestion inside the EPZ, and will continue to encounter delays on primary evacuation routes outside of the EPZ, especially around the city of Chattanooga.

The traffic flow maps provided in Appendix F and the data in Table 7-1 reveal locations where additional traffic management could be best deployed to achieve a reduction in ETEs...quoyah -ete ver1O.docx 7-1 ARCADIS Sequoyah Nuclear Power Plant Evacuation Time Estimates Table 7-1 Predicted Queuing at Major Intersections (Full 10-Mile EPZ, Winter Weekday, Normal Weather)I IN DO O0 l0L, LUFrI FTUUrg LU SB Chattanooga, TN 15-mile Yield 1,520 16,998 TN 319 (Dupont Pkwy) SB right turn Chattanooga, TN 15-mile Yield 1,120 8,026 merge to TN 58 (Amnicola Hwy) SB Chattanooga, TN 15m___el 1,120 8,026 Lee Pike / Old Dayton Pike Soddy-Daisy, TN Within EPZ Two-way stop 940 1,298 US 11 Keith St NB right turn to 20th Cleveland, TN 15-mile Signalized 820 3,646 St (Ocoee Middle School) C l T 5S id, TN 153 SB merge to 1-75/US 74 SB Chattanooga, TN 15-mile Yield 820 12,898 TN 58 SB / County Hwy 2205 Hunter Harrison, TN Within EPZ Signalized 800 4,344 Rd US 64-US11-TN 2 / County Hwy Ooltewah, TN Within EPZ Signalized 760 6,019 1145 Hunter Rd -Mountain View Rd Ooltewah, T WhE Snid01 Hixon Pike / N Access Rd Chattanooga, TN 15-mile Signalized 680 6,956 TN 58 SB / N Hickory Valley Rd Harrison, TN Within EPZ Signalized 660 6,503 TN 319 (Tsati Terracemerge to TN Soddy-Daisy, TN Within EPZ Two-way stop 520 5,963 29-US 27 NB I sequoyah -oee- er1O.docx 7-2 ARCADIS Appendix A Geographical Boundaries of ERPAs SECTOR BOUNDARIES SECTOR BOUNDARIES N: Soddy Creek N: Lee Pike A-i_ E: Chickamauga Lake A-2 E: Chickamauga Lake 5: Sequoyah Access Road S: Soddy Creek W: Thatcher, Green Pond and Hamby Roads. W: SR 29 N: Soddy Creek N: Board Camp Creek A-3 E: Thatcher Road A-4 E: Mountain Road (Hotwater Road)5: Sequoyah Access Road S: Poe Road W: Mountain Road (Hotwater Road) W: Board Camp Creek, South to Mowbray Road N: Retro-Hughes Road N: Pickett Road -Sale Creek A-5 E: US 27 A-6 E: Chickamauga Lake 5: Durham Street (in Soddy Daisy) S: Lee Pike W: Board Camp Creek W: McCallie Road -Starmer Road N: Cooley Road N: Hardin Road B-1 E: SR 58 B-2 E: SR 58 5: Igou Ferry Road S: Cooley Road W: Chickamauga Lake W: Chickamauga Lake N: Sam Smith Road N: Cookson Road -Sam Smith Road B-3 E: Hamilton/Bradley County Line B-4 E: Dolly Pond Road -Pierce Road 5: Gamble Road S: Hardin Road W: Dolly Pond Road -Pierce Road W: Chickamauga Lake N: Smith Road N: Denton Hollow Road extended to Co. Line B-S E: Hamilton/Bradley County Line B-6 E: White Oak Valley Road 5: Mahan Gap Road S: Harrison Pike W: SR 58 W: Bradley/Hamilton County Line N: Co. Line -Mt. Zion Rd -Georgetown Pk. N: Old Freewill Road to Freewill Road B-7 E: G'town Pk, Rabbit Valley and Freewell Rds. B-8 E: 1-75 to Freewill Road 5: Bigsby Cr. Rd -Rabbit Valley Rd. S: Harrison Pike W: Bradley/Hamilton County Line W: White Oak Valley Road N: lgou Ferry Road N: Morning Glory Dr. -Gap Road C-1 E: SR 58 C-2 E: Savannah Bay-: Morning Glory Road S: Chickamauga Lake W: Chickamauga Lake W: Chickamauga Lake N: Mahan Gap Road N: Harrison Pike C-3 F: Hamilton/Bradley County Line C-4 E: Harrison Pike 5: Providence and Mud Spring Rds. 75 S:1-75 W: Savannah Bay to Mahan Gap Rd. W: Bradley/Hamilton County Line N: 1-75 N: Chickamauga Lake C-5 F: US 64/40 Bypass C-6 E: Providence, Mud Springs Rds., Ooltewah Hwy, 1-75 5: US 11/64 S: Drew Hunter Rd. and 1-75 W: Bradley/Hamilton County Line W: Drew Hunter Rd. and Chickamauga Lake N: SR 58 N: Harrison Bay C-7 F: Drew Hunter Road C-8 E: SR 58 5: Southern RR and 1-75 S: Turn Key Road -Champion Road W: Boris Drive -Basswood Drive W: Chickamauga Lake N: Sequoyah Access Road N: Sequoyah Access Road D-1 F: Chickamauga Lake D-2 E: Hamby Road -Chickamauga Lake 5: Chickamauga Lake S: Gold Point Circle Rd. -Chickamauga Lake W: Hamby Road W: Dallas Road -Lovell Road N: US 27 N: Poe Road D-3 E: Dallas Road -Lovell Road D-4 E: US 27 5: Gold Point Circle Road S: Pitts Road W: Thrasher Road W: Poe Road to the Falling Water Community N: Thrasher Road N: Gold Point Circle Road D-5 F: Hixson Pike D-6 E: Chickamauga Lake 5: Grubb Road S: Gann Store Road W: SR 153 -SR 29 W: Hixson Pike ARCADIS Appendix B Transient and Special Facility Population Data Table B-i. Major Employers in Sequoyah EPZ Population Vehicles Summer Weeknight 15 10 7 Winter C-6 65 1 10 5 65 1 10 5

• 1 65 ,L THERAPY C-6 C-6 C-6 D-3 D-5 50 7 0 50 7 0 50 0 50 7 0 0 15 75 ' 0 15 250 50 250 200 50 100 250 50 250 200 50 100 M['LANT D-1 D-4 A-3 C-7 C-4 766 97 5-0 0 0 76 766 97 76 766 97 76 766 97 76 MILLER INDUSTRIES INC 50 300 0 TOYOTA OF CLEVELAND VW PLANT OOLTEWAH WALMART SUPERCENTEF AMAZON DISTRIBUTION C 80 0 80 80 0 80 80 0 880 80 -0 80 800 1800 1000 1000 3300 Table B-2. Recreation Areas and Facilities, Hotels, and Motels in Sequoyah EPZ Pooulation Facility IERPA Weekday I Weeknight I Weekend I Weekday I Weeknight I Weekend I Weekday Weekend Weekday Weeknight Weekend BOOKER T S-PARK C-8 638 138 900 438 138 638 ISLAND COVE MARINA C-8 480 336 600 360 336 480 160 112 200 120 112 160 PGRO 4-6 144 144 144 144 144 144 60 60 60 60 60 CAMP JOY C-6 170 170 0 0 0 0 30 30 0 0 0 TWO 80 0 0 18-0 160 50 LF CLUB D-6 75 0 75 75 0 75 50 0 50 50 54 54 54 54 54 54 100 40 100 100 40. 100 Page 1 of 2 Table 3-3. School FaCitUes in Sequoyah EPZ School ERPA Sudents Staff V r Bus Auto JOHN ALLEN E A-3 C-2 C-2 D.2 624 369 46 1 415 1 7 1 25 D-3 1 614 1 77 1 691 11 44-SCHOOL C-6 1902 1 238 1 2140 32 1 142 BROWN]HOOL C-7 516 65 1 581 9 1 38 DAISY ELEMENTARY 1D-3 1 473 1 59 1 532 1 8 1 35 D-5 488 1 61 1 549 1 9 1 34 26 HUNTER ROAD MID. 1C-7 1 785 1 98 1 883 1 14 56 Table 8-4. Large Daycare Facilities in Sequoyah EPZ Daycare ERPA Children +(OOLTEWAH C-7 t88. %HIXSON F HIXSON L BURKS U CHILDCAI GRACE C r CDC C-7 A-3 D-6 D-6 D-5 D-5 D-5 D-5 D-5 42 135.6 57.6 72 60 78 81.6 18 18 144 Bus Van Auto 2 -9 3 4 3 20 2 4 1 9 2 17 4 6 1 9 1 7 2 7 2 8 2 3 2 3 2 18 2 18 3 3 4 5 SODDY-DAISY HEALTH CARE CENTER [A-3 Table M-. Hosptiials and Nursing Homes in Sequoyah EPZ Facility ERPA Residents Bus Van Ambulance Auto SODDY DAISY HEALTH CARE CENTER D-4 120 6 24"OPEN ARMS CARE" FACILITIES C-6 32 2 15 MEMORIAL HOSPITAL D-6 408 21 200 LIFE CARE CENTER D-5 108 6 40 MORNING POINTE D-5 68 4 25 Page 2 of 2 ARCADIS Appendix C Population Data Maps I 9 1 DISTANCE POPULATION DISTANCE POPULATION EPZ 1 431 NA EPZ 2 2,420 NA EPZ 3 5,657 NA EPZ 4 8,811 NA EPZ 5 9,402 NA EPZ 6 11,498 NA EPZ 7 13,977 NA EPZ 8 17,480 OUT 8 1 EPZ 9 13,158 OUT 9 234 EPZ 10 10,214 OUT 10 2,482 EPZ 11 2,241 OUT 11 17,856 EPZ 12 29 OUT 12 29,841 OUT 13 37,226 OUT 14 46,419 OUT 15 44,686 EPZ TOTALj 95,318 EPZ-15 TOTAL: 178,745 TOTAL POPULATION:

274,063 NOTE: Plant to 1 mie population not summarized in any sector direction]

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