ML110030940

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Exhibit Pwa 00008, Economic Consequences of a Rad/Nuc Attack: Cleanup Standards Significantly Affect Cost, Barbara Reichmuth, Steve Short, Tom Wood, Fred Rutz, Debbie Swartz, Pacific Northwest Laboratory, 2005
ML110030940
Person / Time
Site: Pilgrim
Issue date: 04/28/2005
From: Reichmuth B, Short S, Swartz D, Wood T
Battelle Memorial Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
To:
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
SECY RAS
Shared Package
ML110030939 List:
References
RAS 19374, 50-293-LR, ASLBP 06-848-02-LR, PWA 00008
Download: ML110030940 (24)
v • d • e


Text

PWAOOOOS Pilgrim LR Proceeding SO-293-LR, 06-S4S-02-LR Economic Consequences of a Rad/Nuc attack: Cleanup Standards Significantly Affect Cost Barbara Reichmuth. Steve Short. Tom Wood. Fred Rutz. Debbie Swartz. Pacific Northwest National laboratory. 2005-Lessons Learned

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H. 2005, _on, MA OVerview

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Why Evaluate Economic Consequences?

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Economic Evaluation Taxonomy

IEconol'nic Consequence Callculation Methodology

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~""' ''''' "SG Econollf1ic Consequence Criteria

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Potential Ralilge of Cleanllp G'Llidanee for a RadlNuc Event -, Whic h One Do We Use?

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Radioacliviity Decays Over Time

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Hypothetical 100 kT Plume Contours for 5 Clean up Lev,e,ls uenee Summary By Cleanup Level for IHypothetical Weapon Events

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onsequence Summary - 13 kli a li l l flli l i l

Consequence SummalY - 1110 kT in~ I-~~~~------------------~~~~

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Conclusions

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Economic Consequence Calculation Methodology Focu> CI11'tu tmld <:aIfgOII5

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RDD Yield -10 kCi (s-137 u........

  • lis 1" Conseque.nce Summary -11.7 kT 10

Consequence Summary - 13 kT Conseqluence Summal'Y - 100 kT 11

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PM\\1.-SA-45 5l5, EOONOM[c CO~SEQUENCI1S. OF A R..IDl'IiUC.ATI.~CK: CLE..i\\,WP SLi\\,'mARJ)S SIGNIFICANlLY AITiEcr COST BariJara Rie:iC!hmuiD, SI!E1'e SoDl1t. TOI!l Wood!, F~

llllIlZ, ' ebb:: ScbmIl11z,

!>aciii!c L :orth.west NiIlio:nW. L<ibooltooy' 902, Bmeill.e BoUle\\lill'd 1tich1md. WA 99354 gI1\\'. ste\\recsho -,.

'SOll, fuomas:r;,.-ood@pl!J,gI1\\'.

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_~ST.RAC1' Property deS1ructimt.lo;s 01 ife.,aDd ir!i!JIi.e.,; 5U;tadn~dI from,a ow:1l!ar (If.ram,ogi.cal. ' - ck M\\'e 5' gp:i.fu:aot eooODltiC. C<lDSequen.ces, TIe,0:;; of p-od'ncffioe as;:e1;,cao.e:o<tend! for lOll.gpmoik iUld S'"..l!.im.te >i,gIIili~;mt eoolJlllll.ir 11;" ErOllOIlIlic :iJqIilCl> ca1l5~ by iIll f,\\'mt lIfed to, be addre;sed:in 5!!que.otia order e~

v.1ith the de-Ilmtian.,atlI:'4I5]lomc d:i;JlefiLoll!. aod!

de.post ' 0 of the ~

ut from the 1;\\'eapoo. Wei1pOll dwaclellitk5p:roWle d);, bmmdary coorlmims for the re>poo;::. ~

d:Ooing ho'a' w.ge IDe.resp:)Jue areal.; iUld wl!al 5]lecific amon; ll.e;,d 10 be tUeo toproted the jIQJIll1ltiooin fu: taJ;~ aJrei1.. 'I':b>.5I! e::oooDlic coru;equen.c~. i\\I'e hig;bl.y dependmt Oil th!! m!;gpirude of !he waJlo.l! event,;md do I!Ot ;cale ill,a l1neiur fallti.!lo.

The c.o;t 10 c1l!;mup or 1?.lIIl.e1ila -~ the ilIfrected area will depend Oil IDe m;mup,tilDJiiu:d il.llpli:1i!

to the event iUld. is ILigfily sm.;: ' e 10 w.sfail!dard Cumml),. fu~,are 00 dea:nup 5 ;mdards sp;!cifiriill)' d:-' gn.ed f01 Rad. :ue terrmii;t f,\\'m13" tlll.l ' is likely tha.I the _ ";tiJIg En\\wlllL,;,n[ill Prol&tion Ag.:Jl.Cy (EPA),aDd Nud6!I Rie:gJillatmy Commi5s.ion sl;mdar.E wouldi,apJlly de1iI.al0, The DeJl~Dt ofEll.erg)' (DOE) IiILs ;;pe,ot 0 'OIL; ru doJmi 00 5'11perfund c!!iiil!up..

lDll~r 'ille CoI!!!plEhm;.i\\\\2 E;n\\~CIIllL,;,n[ill Rie:;Jlo.l!5e. Compm;iIlio.l!,;md Ltl:biLit)'.Act (CERCL..lJ.)

,guid;mce. ill former r;l'e ~poDi !lroli:1lCMll ~. iUld the deaoup> B >e",'pend to conti.mJ.e thrOl@!

2035, 'Thi..; pa:pe! offer>,ill! e CODIIll:k !l~

00. the n:agoitude offue,consec..ue.oIiei foo,a s~,~

da~. of 1lW"if-1S mille lililied Slates. with an e:o:.JI~si; 00. co.t sm;itMi}' iI.5 fue deilllllp, st3a!dardl >c:l!ange;,

ThforRODUCTIO, '

The pr~

o~

' IWdar,ai:lild olllDe 'l!.ited S1lIre; V.Ti15 ooog th~ to> be r.estti:ct~ to,!he dol!lai.n of state a.dM5~ Fo~ov.ling the tmori;h!~-enl; (lf S.epli!!!ii.ber 11. 2001. a:c.d other IL'4Il'e recen.l lm orist acfuoit:i.es arolJIldille 1;\\'orlrl!, con.c:eJlIl5 ilhout ' E:rl'e; oftemlr ' ttac::kB. in.dulfu!,g jlOt.mti.1 IJIdiologi.cal,aDd 1lIXleil.r,at1llci£;. fulve been IIlJI6llffied. The ~lighl ful; 51ilil~ to COUlll~..;

lru!.t \\l, >eEilll!r.reduce 1lh.e Ji};~00I! or red1lC,e d);,,consec..ue.oIie, ob adEoJo.:.ill (lr nude.u {RlI Cue) terri! ';t iIl1lIcik, The d:dsi.o[J to, mvest io Rad.'l'\\ue (0'llDtmr.~UIl!; (;ilI! be vfewOO a.; a tta.d!!offbe1l!.'eeI!

imre5lll:::n.I co;t ali' the CClUIl1l!Iineil5Ure,;md fu:,eOD5elJlJmcei afd);, f\\~, 'Ibm ar.e 1Ioth

!lllysical COIL;eqll:n.c:es aod e::(l1lllIllk coo;equ:n.c:es tliat ll'OOlJd re>lll.I from 11 RlId!'Nu( event Ecoll.OllIlic :i.n:.Jlilc.l;,=ed by an event.,;md!he ;'lIb:;equen.l Je5]l0llSe 10 IDe f\\'mt. neerl lo be addre;sed:in 5!!qn.e.cW order iUldb2gm mt:h!he phy;' ill impilcts 0: !he od:aonatiol!, illmospheric

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ilNl'.1-SA-45 SIS, d5per,ian.,md d!!pOruiom of tDE fiillout frnm I!);, W8ilPOl!l, Ph)";' cat comeqtJl!ll.~ cOOtale the ll".3pon;:efunctionicd1l.diog tDe Ioog-mm deilllllJl' aM ;ire Il!51:0Ltti0n iliCriaC5lii1rem. 0D.e of the I:eClIIriI!.g il!.en:e; r,e~dinf: e\\'l!ll.trespame is ihal there all! CUIIl!I!. ily 110 fedmt ;iimdMds Ibat OI\\'~ the lon.g-';,rm 5i!e.restonttiOlll iI!Il.d mmup fOl!!lling

,~ l!ildi.o~gil:al. or impro\\>is!!d! l!.ude.u d.e\\oke (iNn) Ierrori..,1,mci.

ThE co;ii to de;mup or r~te ~

ilfferud ilrea i; hi.-:ili.l)' ;;.ens:itive 10 tDE mm'!Ip ~1iID1ilud

, llP]~!!d! to the even.I. 'li'I)o..Ie iIre CiIllTelIll)*l!.o, dewru]) !.tallJi1!.r,dS sped' [ly de5igD9d fur RaiLNm:

lerron.,1: I!!."ellli hlIl it j; liikely thlIl tlu! eJilitiog EJto!;. aIllI NIl

111~ mruld ~PJl !y d.ef.ld
o [1).

E Gen.eral Arc.OUDtin.g Offi~e (GAOo) reports ihal the amreIiI EPA and !;RC mmup ;:tiIlldiuds diffH i1DlI tDEle dlliferu!De. harve implicmollS fur hoth IbE :pa;oe i1DlI ra!t:iI!Ila.te,COjl of c~

[1).

ThE iDep!libJlmto f E[J~(DOE) 1ia.s 5]leJl!b-JIiom of d moo superfund mmup,atfom:::I wei!pOllS prodJI.ctiom ;lte; andth.e deilllllll' i; e~er tedllo cOlltirrue 1!brough 2035 [3]. fu 2003 rec~

!he impOJ1llllXle of thi; is;ue, I!);, Depilltmleot ofHoIJ:eliuui Secur.iIy (DES) liIs};ed iID iotl!Fa.§J!OCj' iI-orIctn.g group to, addre;s the i;>D.e 0: PrHcmve AcitOO[J G1i:d\\>.Jine!; (p-o!tGs) for odiolo,,,- at cli;:persil d.e\\~~.

D;,),;md iIDpro\\>is!!d! !lI.Jdeu d:evi~e (Il\\ID) icddenl!l. DES anticipale5

,~ dIlIfi oftha! ~oe to he is;u!!d! in the FWimJ RJ1gistgr in Ulle of OO?

This Pi!pel' offa;; an eaJcomir p~ec.1ive om tlu! !I1lL&Iitw:lE 0'0' the coo.;;equ~ for selecled tafget;li\\i,lIl,lUI,emphasis Oll CO&! ;:en;iti\\~my a.lbe mmup i'IaIldiud chacg,es, ThE '1i\\'1Ilik de5cribedproride; il fi!im;:i\\fOn Within ilmicb the pEry;ial OIC5eqUence5 oJ a RadlNm: 1tKk can e lm1JEJiI1ed mto !he eaJllOll:.ic C(lmequenc:es en U, do s.. These e-ffe.:iI> need 10 he 1I1Dw;toodi ie 0J'd.er to pre;;crib.;, '~l1.J1ropriMe,conctem:ea>UIl!;,;md policy ren:eID!!"

.A M:E4fEOI)OI!OGY FOR ECONOMIC CO~SEQli1ENCE CALCULoiTIOoNS For Ibis S1!Jdly, "RIIlffN1Lc~ >p= a ~e ofp!l6;;ible!ll.JClear weillOll5 ami o[Je ilIge radiQlogir d5per,ion ~\\~.e :

I), k cudei!r il1filPOll WOkI' [lllmar 'Ii\\' e~po[J 13kI'n1Laear'Ii\\'eilpllD 10 kG Cs-13 IUID Fi.ve Po!l!ll.1ial.lilFgffi 'IIeIl! seJ.~ted IilDgin.g from an iso ~ted.1T1IllI,ma lo vey 1Ii,;b,liens:ily uro~D area"._ID 0:0 the fo!lowing tafgffi ill!! located on U,S, &rdf!£!i ill!.iL'Or Poo;; ofEDtty mto the UDir!!d! States:

  • Llllml1 AZ
  • San Ysidro., -PI.

CtwlP.3ton, S Ne",' Y~ City, NY

  • D"troit. Mli E' 'onola)' of locatio:m, li\\'eilPOl!l }'il!

,md COll1lLDlirI!:a.1iOD 'contom; wa.; jlirnlmnmed! and fed ioto !he Niltiomal AiJI:ll!ipheric Re::ea;>;! Ad\\>isooy Center 0--lMtA Model to i&~J.ate It!:

pEry;ical OImequ~e5, Gc!E:equmo;,; vaJ}' b&;ed 1IpQ1I.E>'1llI:.Jltion.; * 'iKt!J] '1i\\'heJ;e tDe po]lUlatiOIl is,at tlu! tiIJ:~oftlu! attad I 01Ml!\\';;, murk, mdooos"'i.o'!1LdOWj.). oc *Ii\\'!at me,1EOW,o,gj.cal OI[J.iUtions are a.;SUIlled. iI!Il.d ollibE PIlln:pt ver;;u; :f.l~DlIl mea; ofl!);, ~Il, 'Those a.;SUIllllti.OllS are das;;ifted and coi disru;;ed ie.ill;. ~per, 2

v.'cmng ~er: R &

PatrEruf~ 1 HnmeIa:ld 8e::llrtty I "

12006 1 BOODn. ~

!lm..1.-SA-45 56, Our foru;.llmra'a; primarily olll!De ecOll.ClmEt (0ll5I!1t'Il,erme; of a mldeiUT \\\\"ei!pOO iIttld;; the impart; 0:0 iID !WD,m 5til.l1Ull.def iovestiga ' 110 iIDJI mu merit fw1tI:ler.resem-cb, 1,1; e!1pOIl cilwi!.cleri.;tiGi, iIl.dJ.JlmL;!l!.e t}p;! ofw&JIOlli. the qtJl!II.tifj" ofIOMerW. i1DlI hCIW the db-per,jon is atlliei'ed. prO'i.ti.de lI!.e boundary 'COlllfiti.OID for !l!.e reE.)l()J]5e in.cllldEng 001\\" [D.1Jth area '. impaaed iIllli wiha!,action.; !lnd! ro,be taken to protect ID.mam heaili:h i!lld.the en\\wl!lI:.,;nI, Theph)';.ir 't()J]52Itueor,e;,ci:em;ed from W!;1JIDIl dwi!.c"eri.;tiG 'ra-ere lh£D med to,tilkill!ll.le cCO!looric. ClImequences m fi\\1;! brood ca1egol!ie; of cost:

I. 1.o~; Clf !lrod'w:ti.Wy from eilDliDgs forgoo.e lD:lirKt eronomi.c meet:; or "li:1l..l'1iplier-

3. 1.05; amd damage ro,'buiJdiJ!;; ~

i1DrlI lbuiJJi:ing ClI~

4. Dl;!coDt.a.n:.ll!Jltioni!lld.d:eCll!lllDi;5" !li.m!;ref:em!rl toa.;.deilJJll w;t
5. E\\lilCiWltiolll ClIot The;e,erolla!I:k ClI!l2lqumces iIld"lllilI\\g Ibe (a;1 iIDJI mne to di!\\lllup frolil tlu! eVi!!lt.m ru,ghl)'

depmde!lt 4111 the 1nligp:i1Ude of ll!.e wa]lon e'I."elIl.illld do not ;ale m,a WJeiUT wllion, The cOIl.5etl,"lLerme; of,a !llI.Clem-I!.eapoo iEtolllltOOo are e;lima1erll ro,!lave both s ',gnifitilDt 10;5 oJ 1D.mam.' e iIDJI 5!.lb.;laaItW cleilllllp iIDJI ret:On5trurtiOIl ClIsn;. A!Li;ll ~~

of outrig;b.l de5ttTnrtiOlll of !lropelily (OOilldicg;. !I11blicinfrastrutt'llIe.,andpmihx:m..e,tapia! equ.ipm.e!lt of all sorts) 'raill OCClDl" du.e ro, II!.e,lIetOllJlli.oI!1. In@!tE&. the cCOoomEt (O;t oJ W, t}p;! of.Lo;s. i5 jl.1;t IJ:e l410t !lro d1u:ti\\~ of lbe capitiU (uJI:indiDg h1ll1lWJ -capital) d.e.;tro)"ed In it lOllIket eCllOOm)', iI is,a.rea;OJIJIb!ei!.p!lrollfrmlltiOll to u:.;e mu!E,t'\\'al1ll!S.a;;,a 5UIJOg,ate for Ibe '\\-arue of tl!i;;

!Iroli.Urtion.

The ecOll.O.. aed iP5)'cbo:;ocia:l effeds of an RDD. 1W:k' e ~d. ro, !be more sigcmrant IfIm Ibe po!mlW 10.is ofh=1ife am.dbu.il.dEn;g ~;trumoo [4]. lllllle evmt ODa radfoJogfcal db-per,j.OIl eveot. there is a set of'l!Conomic cowoquenc,e; @!ll.erMedas a re5!Jlt ali tl!.e,evenl.illld ill Selof'I!COIlomic consequmceslDa.tisindepend=nl oftheJragni,1Udeohtilloologfca ~

becau;e ofpubJ.! ~o[J

.about IJ:e q&>.a;socialeJI mth RD[);..

In order 10, dem"e 00!l2lqUf!ll(P-e;;tim~~, an ecooomic eva:.'rlilti41!l tilIN.onomy wa.; e; 'blisl!.ed 10 de!eI:nnin.e"\\\\tf:at jloteotia:! ur,;e'; amd Ci.eill!:!1p L. e.5 solllild!be EoVilrnateJI for !De fu'e lI!;oad.

Gl%"'Ories of'l!Conomic consequf!ll(P-;"

The.respoJlae!; ro' mocleiUT weIl.J101l eveo1!; CiID "beiliou,gb.l of a.; pl!a;es: 1) tlu! initial erner~ocy

[e.,-pon;e,and evaruatillll" J IDe iniermediate Eo!5pOme wlim mo,t en:er;eocie; m\\1;! be>.lI han~eJI and II!.e footl!l ;hl.,Fts to deilllll]l'.,illld.l ) the deilllll]l' iPl!a;e "\\\\tlimlKO\\-a:y i!lld. milll1Ip

'on;.m de~

"0 reli.U~e.r. 'on.1!1;"?js in order for Wid'buildEng; to be re-med or

[~iDIllIbe!ed, OurprilllaIY focu; is on jilis.;e 3. The deilllllJl' ClI;t for an aIeiI :i.5 Ilighl)' de]leodem on lI!.e deilJJll]l' ~

1I1Sed. the deilIlllJl' rI!CIlnoLo~ =]1. 'ed. i1DrlIllie ndiologi.cal (i1nd o1h.er safet}')

ClIoliXions underra'l!:th d&nup is oron.duti1ed, Decoll.1iIlIWw.tio!l,effort; willind"lLde d eillliIL,; or SilDlibl&;ti!lg IDe menOI or,eolI:Jl.eteJ.y,lIemo!i5hing a!ferted buil.cItngi, safe!}' dispo~ of g.eol!r.1ted odiOilCJlive "\\\\raste. dec41ctudmling the 'emergenq' \\'W

~ ; lI1SeJI iII the re;ponse aed 3

ViCrtng ~

R & p~

In HomeI1rId SecUI1tyI 2IXl6 1 Bo61XJr'1.~

PN:\\1-SA-45 5~

retcwelJ process.. aDd =y olber aaivml!5. Th~e effOIti aIoJ:~ co:Ud cost billior.; of dolW:i

.mil we decades 10 accompliih. dep!l:dmg 011 th! maFJde of !he ra.dJo.ogiai WeD! and the c.leamrJ> ~

eIr.p.O)'@d.

BeCilU.ie 0: 0Ul' ilIIere;t in th! iu:parn of d.eamrp 1e\\'e1; or.lhe co>!. we coO>tdered a nm.~e of pot!DDa d.emup le\\'eli from eJilici:Jg 5llIIldard> ilIld protective action gu;deJioe.; that mi,gbI a.imlatel}' app 10 a temn:iit attack ~

), lbi; [a:;;ocomy I\\';li lIpJl:ied to all fu'e potential targm for Ih~ plIJlOse ofpro\\~ a cOllieq1l!!llCe \\'1I~OO melhodo OE)'. On scale ofmon coosen-.uin olern COO5en'iltin, th! En\\'iIoDIJ:l!J:ta ProtecriOil Ageocy A).iWllIani gO\\~

C~ilIl1lp at sit6 v.ilh radioactWe contamination IeJRieD!S Ill! U:05t cOQ;er\\'iltin.~

!ha[ we eva.J ll!d The Clll!I!.t 0: d:ls pape! 'a'l\\; [0 ;meiS che SemftMly. IlOl [0 de!mr.ine I\\'h:ch clwmp suru.:Iard. is be;t, Fi~lIn 1. C1eaoup Levels EvaJua::d fOI Ecooomi!: Comequence5 There are a 3rge 1!I.m100 of ecanomic.Wbl.e.i iliat could PO'enria.IlY be iI:.cluded iI: lhe caJcuLmoc of ilqlam, Th~e ilx.lude pi)uologil: iIqJaCli ilIld.o~term ;ocie1al iu:pilCl5 of lrvug w:.du end"Jru!.g beigtneoed ;eou!!}' co!!diOOD>. Our imem 1Ri to l!-wumfy lbo-X! elellll!DlS we beli£\\'ed were mOil repre;emam-e of tbi.i tnle 0: emlrut Rack. A discu;,ioJ: of !hose fiw vmables rolJow.,

Loss of Proda, tmfy frOIll E.anWt~ F O~OIl!

To Ultula[1! !he Io;s of 1L'JlllaIl capita. <he 10 dB1lh rrOlll a,,'eapoo 1!\\'1!I!.l. we llSed a "1if!~

em::ugs lOii ~ lI:eIbodOUtiioed in a mclyb)' the Federal RP..iI!I\\'I! Back ofNI!';I' Yon [5] 1'hl; u:e1hod estilll.lm ioli.iridlIaJ KOllO:mC JoSsei by l!5tiIJ:.ltfnga woIker's oIllIllIall!i1llliJlgs over bi; or her I~

wor!riog lifetime.. The e"ilI:.md earning,;.ue cheo disCO'lDl.led to lI!e C1Ilm!I tDJ:e period (r.et preset.! \\'we) U>in.g di.;cOUI!l fitaor of 7':;, wbich Ii th! OMS Bll! 0 li&01l!ll lV-tiIm ~

10il aDd indus ";ocW faa 10 KCOUlII fllI !he OIher iocie1lllloi5e5 tlw re.-ull froc prem.mIre deltb. E aIlle. Ihe mm:lJer of affected wari;u; Ii lied o !he geogJapbic

> e of the a'eD!,

V,'crII[ng Toge:net: R &

P~p; I HOO1E!laml8e::lJ1fty I Joplll 2006 I BOODn. ~

!IN!\\1.AiA-45 56, mdir,ed Economic I.ffeds 'Dr "MIiliiJl~r" Th&l!Qill be ":imtirecf ' ec01l.l1l:niC Empilro,a;:;odal~ with fit,;, cOOl5eltlll!OOe; of iIIll1lC.ell!" or IaidioJo,,: ell iIItt~ck. For eNiIIllple. ':um:g!h.e d.emCliJlIWIamoo proce;5., blilldiJlE:5 ic the alEcr.e.i iIll!aQ'ooi!d IllItbe fi.mdioccll. !:le;idem;:Q'OOIJd 114\\,= 00' be relocate:!. Bu;me;;e;, v;~ dlillwe [0 do the same or simp.. h.a1t thee:.acti\\<irie:;.1lIl1i1 complelioo of the c1Ecomilll!liMtion.

epa1diJlg 00 the IIlll1Ire ofilu;me;s cm.d!J:aJ!d inside tho;e buil.ii.Iog>. fit,;, I1!e;io:rutl ilDlIlllllioccll ecOllllIDY coUld 'be oeg;a.livejy impacte:i."t re5!l!till.g ~e in Ifle lIl"!!a', I1!! e;tate pIke;,.ouru.m. ilDdI commen::ial tL;ms~ctions couldl Mve lDng'tem:J Il.e~\\'e effero on Ib.e.ar~' ; ecOllllIDy.

Th&l! are ;e\\'eru !!COMmie method);Q'hereu)' -cvillipli.ecs" are applied to, fit,;,,e;:tiJDarui di.recr com.ost :iIu:0lI:::) 00' e".iticmlE the :illli.'irecllKollm iIJ:.pa()!,. The;e 1.1irluP..; u:ay be e,1iLruJ.[~ 00 If!: bil;:, ofinfoma *co abOltt the catnlr!! of lf!:.ilfffecl~ lillii!!.e;se5 :in !h.e r:;ponse.ara ThI!

in.:fuKt :i.JqJaCl; v; be ge,rif Ifle CJaJ!liet;. for directly,ilifmed secIIU".i. are beyond, the locell ecoODmi.C arilil. In e".iSeIl.Ce, these sec:to.rs are -~'

driveo, If these settlir5.are oolOllgH al! 1Yo!o'~ to, operate, theo the implct5Qill be ;e\\'ere becau;e ;upJlDllIm;; bu:iines;e; in Ifle !oeal iIll!aQill be forced 10 ;cal!! bad. 1;); e deriJ.Ted mlll.1!j!!iH".i. from fit,;, FR.!3.l'Y '!Ill 1 m.dy [5] a.;.

fofuws:

  • lAiw impa.cr 5~emrio (10 ~Ci 5*13 RDD,.aIld II. iT IIJJdSl! m;ap:>1l) - 46% oflo>!

eami:ng; Hi~ impact ;cenmD (BltT;md 1001 IlUdeu Wo:ap11Il) - 82% of.lo ;t ~;

Dffo'lIta.minfiOll :md Demlllllllissillllillg or OJUIIIIJI Cost CleilJlllp' iIllII I1!;,toration 0:buildm:,;5,aIld aIld afur RlI ' *. w: e\\o--eJJt will be c.omqilitated Iby the need '0 decoll1arnmalE ~nrl!. PIKI!IlIBIl *,den: !i.;lI rali1olog;iL~i!l)' co1!laminal~ buil.ii.Iogs ilDm liIDdi.

Th~ c.o~ oi !hi. ci.eamJ.p' v; be ItigbJy d.epen.derrt 00 !he iIll!eIl e~mt or eamIp. v;m.icb. ill 1ImI.

is higbJy d.epl!lldem 00.!h.e If\\'el of e1eimup' require:!. Th.e cost of deilDllp oJ iID:f gffi!ll area will ile d.epl!lldi!ct 00 the!!!lalive L~ oJ 1!C0000mir d;,.e~llI.eIlt<< f=dal m\\'e,:tI!l.ent IIlat has be£!] Illild~ ill Ifl~ lIl"!!iII of,concem, Th~ approa.cb tdm ill Ibis stud:YQ'a; 1:0 d~OJl' mril co~

fa.ctor;; ($'lim') for the deilDllP' oJ iII'e\\l,c; having dm&l!ct le\\",1s oipopuliltioll deJEity; pllplIDi1Iion d.enmy being llied. as,a 51m.ogate for,economic. ' ctil.ity.

.eilI!.1!p 0[0.;1 da1a. p!Uml!l"il)' o[iIllJ.e from itril"rlJisource.;:

  • Th.e eooomtic. IJ:.(Idel provid;,m ill; a 'cOIJ:.piIDioll to, the FL.WTRAN 5 co:mp1l!".Ip!'o§;u1Iu

,dwe::oped :or,mM)'**s oftb~ COllil!queLloe,.ilI!.-d ri;;k~ ofradioatti\\,= I!Illlle:rtlil

~on (5ee bnp :{fttd.silI!.dia. go\\\\~!i!.kIradlrm.l!rm). [6] 1'hl; ecooo:u:.i.c IJ:.(Id;il was Milly dwe,.'oped! to, estimJJle !h.e ecooo:u:.i.c coo;equenc:es offplutonillID-IfupeF5e1l

.accid.;,nt;.

Th.e FR1!NY stady of If!: ecQI!.Omi.c,e!fecl. of If!: 9l!ll:eJ!I'Offil.atta.c1: OIl Nell' Y ook Ity.

"j{Q!llrni1lg lilt; F,ff<<lHd'lk~ !jqptmJlbu 11 Amrc.bm N"", I'w:i1,. * [5J.

RIIDl'RA!1. 5', eOOlJl.ilci.oll erOllomk IJ:(Idel ict11Lde.> e;tiu:ated UJili eosts (S,ilI;m") for:

en:~enq',acl:i.olli (e!! i!pp~ fixatiw,;) fo!low:il!.,g fit,;, '1!!.--enI; iIIC!~e;s c0Il1I'Ol (e.g..,g:wa:d5) 0

!1['e,'I'l!Iltuna1lihori:zed iICOI!3!i [0 Ifle COIl1:imJ£na[ed!.areas; 1ildio.1lIgial C!IwilCJ~tfDn.;

dec.olltalllina.liOIl'demJOlmoc op2!ilmoc;; ilDli,Ii1;;po.

oli ndiOloe;iciilly cOll1il.!:n.iru!.lEd wa.;le.

The;e,e1e,:u:.~ v;rece 5!.I1!1ID1ed lDgetb.er 10 oiJtaic the, tOllll co ~ o* CJ:eilI!.1!p.aIld sill! r:;lDranoc.

5

RJ/Dl'RAJl " 5 '\\~. th~ co;1!i 'c!e]lelll!:ing Oil wlie!h.;,r 'IDe area i;.lIIl UIban iII'ea tIllt i..;. !igh~ly colJllUJ:.inated, lLodemel)' (OJLImIinalell. or havil)' cOlltullmafi!!l or wiu!1he!" /be areilis fium or range !md. T!h.e mW,e03!' from 'IDe !!LOllllmfr 1IlO1IPJ. a>sumiI!.g 1I::I5ile dispo5!l ofBdioo.Cilive

\\\\~.

,a!'e~inTa:b"e !.

Tablel. S= "of Unit Co;1!i for D&

. BlIi!!m!!'llBo~t. and. EviliClllafi.olDValua "on MiD tim,Co..

PHbit' AJ-1I'Ea.1 IbCl:ll1bmir.d:il tn:ZI h.aM~ " ~lZI

~urk:albn.so EIJ~,2

=-

A]-11 I"" III mca F21::z::a C'Jaramnalcd Uri:.:.

pe.d::r1ft.. SO~I2\\nI':l.m:a.l r.::a rh.D 3J)XI iJEilflCllnJ':I.a:z:d

. OF pCIIII::rduII'11011a tranoJid:: lbll1l::ftI.IgroJ ~~

This Ic:w:II ~

~lUUtioa &:l lTa:dL r.J.

'l::¥C:wa.aI.Zl.&)

a.u::aJ 'f1cpUfaty.-.d LC. ItADliRAN'.!i.........

'i.&.d

~

nab IiId.... Orn.... td Ilftlduftl:an

  • ok...t1Wd.-,

...",..... 100.....

TIle LIrbi1.n ill"ea UMn 'L\\tfricb the R.Wl'R.i\\N 5 !!LOIlOmOC I!!lwl derives i1!i un.Ft deiullm (0;1!i i;.

<!<;5IIID.OO [0 have in aVl!rne;eM:J1LllltiolD dem.ity 0: 1,344pl!oJu15m'. 1'!Illi j; ~..rnru)' 11l'R'er IfIm high dm.it)' l!!l.etropoIrnm iIJ"eil;; su.dl as" "m Yoit C" ', \\\\rudl IDs iIJl itvm,gfpoJliJlatim

~

01 OeI' 20,OOOpl!llJl"eJ1Im:'. F'()I thi;. !e,;Ol!!, the IWliI co;!; dmI;ed from R.MITR.A!" 5

\\\\rere not eoccilf.;,r,ed 10.to;,,~ §ood estmmate for 'ID!! c.e~Cl\\P oii'hjgh.er dl;~ !IOJ1tiLitioll areiIS.

To estmmate tIu! impad5 001 N!!>I' YOB Cify'.,~pro,;y for hi$ d!!I:Gitywba.n ~

'L\\1il5 deivi!!l from /be FRBNY ;100)', [5] \\\\tfridlre.pDliIl!d,~\\' aJ.1Le oU15l!illillc to di!ac u]I' iIlld.restOIl! the l iS-,~CIl! Ulorld TBIie Gente!!' >ite me!!' II);, terromt attad_ ThB eaullle; 10 S24 billiolll'ikm' iII 2005 dD41us" Thi.; is,ai!n::O!.1: m'O Qfd!!rs ofl!!ll!g;nitud.e ~te!!' Ihaii /bl! il.<IDTIlW 5* erollOldc.

lLod!!l unit Cll;t for di!il!llIp 0'.1 a he,wily,eomaminated UIb;m im!a. Funh.;g"IJ:ooe. the eClot of dearru.]I 01 theWTC sill! 'LI'D11!!lIllDlloubteri..1y Ibwl! been.I!!l.1.x:h b.i¢er hlIlI it bem diE!;tnlJell by a RalflNlIC.e\\II!!It. OIIlD!! o'IDerlland.'ID~ 1.\\

me :is CDt.r!!p:reseonlirtili'eofNe'LITYorli.Ci*. in

,genmd or,my otlleJr ICajorpCIpulM:i.OIl cenler iIl'IDe-:n.ited S1illI!; e.:: lli2 oftlu! mLi.qae iIlldv~

hig!n *we buildEng5 IhlIt ;rood! on 1hE me. Tilting 'lDe;:e in:jK\\l1aJll poinI> into (OI!5id!!ratiol!!,

Ibis FRBNY mta \\\\1;15 u;ed to dem"e 'lD1! UIrit deilJlup cost; for the hi~ a.nrl! ""eI)' hi~ O>-I!5i Wbanim!a>~rtedlin Tab_e I.

HIIID2Ia:1~ SEWnty I Pj:l1 12006 1 EICIGIlIn. ~

~"I.-SA-45 5(;,

Loss ;lD.d Da:lII!Ige 10 llaiHillg Sl[ll~.

The (o;ii; to.replace,i\\D.<l1<< r,ebuildl prop:rty dama~ ar destroyed a,;. the Il!;1I!!. of a RJidll :uc went, or to' c.omJP"ll5ate OWller. fur lIe ~5' of ose of thi.;, jlropilly (mduding OOJsiDe;;; - CWle 10';5). 1I1~ i!lso Glilc!itited.u;m;;un.it,ro,"1; demed. from the R.>IDTR..4N 5 c.mmp.!lIion eclloolllir lI:.odlil aI!.jj. the ~"Y 9 1 stua,y_ As.lItfth ;,ire CLi\\D.lIp,i\\D.jj. re,;oorn1io1l, the;!! CII;15,are rughl)'

depmdent oe the areal eJ<1~t mJi 1eve of 'r~ti.OIL TIieseun.it 'rO'.;(;, are,a -0 pre;e;uted m Thb~ L The llIlit cost; fur. $.1iIy. lIl!Iduati!l)'. md.ha."ily co!l!a!Jiinated. uIibm. aI'!!ia<;' anJi for :fmn and Wl6e i\\D.jj.1;!o'ell! derived from. the R.>IDTIL~ :5 e.::.ollomic molihl AgailI. for th!! rea.;ans jlre5~te d pre\\!fo1Lil),. the UDit (0)1!i deJi\\'ed! from 1be !U\\DliRJiN 5 econolllli.c model were llOl co!l3il!eredllo be,a goodeillmllte of lbe co;t 0 r,e1rnild hi:h !lop!iLl.t~lD d:nsity,mas,mer II RardlNu( went The UDit (0;15 for these,ilTh1.S *il'ell! derived. from the FRBNY !l.n 1 ;,ill!!)*.

The fiRiBNY '~fl l 5!1J.dy r,eported iI wlua of ; 11.. 9 billio.c to rep ar'e the ~

mil Cllntent; IIii' lIe 'W I COOI.]ll ' 'l!It'lL1Iing 1'0 S193 billio[],llm' iIl20115 dolW:; (mTil'hirh dtJes lllll incDude ibU;m..~5 income. 5;). This i.;. i!lmo:;l three ord!!rs of 1!!1lI§;Il! I!e gIel.tel' fu.m lIe R.ID'IR.Ul 5 ecooon:.ic.ll:.(ldelllIli.t (o.t fClr rep~t of de;:troyedproperty in,a IIU\\'iDy cootalI:i!l.aredumm area llN.m,g iIll avense pOpulaD.on ~

of 1.344 peopl lm'. As di;ru;sed! jlre'lti.ou;

  • hOII.-

Wei'. the 1;I;'TC site i; !lOt repres~1l1.ti\\'e of L *ew Yolk Ci ' in g~er.at or m)' o1ber mlljor papwa-liDe cmter ic the Ucited S les bl!(;au;e 0: lILe umque mil veFY hi,gh \\Calue bnildicg,; /hat :;tood oc Ibis site mil wfIiclITilil! be Ii!plac.ed with,1!It'!Lall)' h.ieh \\Iirlue buililings. Thf.re~n' 1il1l.e reported iIl1be liRBNY study i; Ibell!ror,e !!ii1lily [0 be mw::ih!:ri.,gher than TiI'ouldbe ~ed for lIea\\"er.lgehigihdec;* *ummilJ'e'A. 1i'iikinglhi;importmIpomt mto 'ronsideratian.1be IlRBNY data 'TiI'ell! u;ed to deriY;e the IIIliI dElilllllp (ost,; fur higb,i\\D.d veF)' m;;h demity m:ban iIJ,ea, reported m L 1.

E"(II3ofiO'Ii ellIS.'

The co;ii to evacuate,i\\D.d relo~ate 1be poj!UlaDollJ.* ~

lIIi1bic ilTh1.S co:n.1iIIlliIlateli:,a;,,a.resu1I of lIe Rad,. ~uc ~TililI, calcililaledu;m;; 1.IIrit,eo.;t:; derWed from the RADTR.4N j e.::o:n.lIlllir lI:.odlil. This (051 i.;. a,;;11IJled -0 depmjj. Oil th!!.1!1.'i!l of coll1a!l!in.aooc' ill: ru,gjler c.o:n.1iIIlliIlatioc.

1~\\' eJ.;. lIe popuJation is denied! r'Qe;;; fur long~peJiori:; off time.. ~

5 *...mes these CClst5 in Ibe 5iUlIIf !lliljor (ategori:e; as* th~ D&D a.n.d R£plac=~ CO;ii;.

-:n.u cO'.;t; IL5edl for evacurn.ol! ar,epr,e;e;uted in T' h.e I..

OBSER\\'ATIONS FRO),!._tl'PUCATION OF THIS !IETBOOOLOGY The ~

ofll1Jdear'TiI'eOlIpOlli ~

bee1l5rudiM anJi dOC= ~teli:iJUensivlily_ Fa!i.out 1;!oill dec.a)' ba>ed 011 the in.di. -lfulili;o.top:c balf-live5. the moil '~erge!ic (i\\D.d lI:.ost diIOgeIou;)

de.::l!)1ng :in DII11l!i or,clays willie loll~~\\'ed!is01OJles pmi;t for lI:.octfl5 and.J em. The,close Iille from faI!01I! ~p.;. iI}' II faotor of 1.000 4:£ hours. aftEr deOO!l.ation. and 0=

'!Ioil '~ of the d,l)ie isIl!c~diIllbe fu;t Jeari1funll1JdeuweapollJ~ [, This oose.rupoc;eli:!I:e after detooati.on is ilqIortaJIt when,estmaatill,g Ihe,Qool ofdemup. ;ire Il!S1OIl1tion.,i\\D.jj. rebui!d a'~r,a RardlN'!L( went Fig;are 2 illu:;-

bO; thi; 1:1)' showing IIeLrnd iIIl!il [e~

deilOUp' fur differeIII c1ell!ruP' critoo..J:ia (J,e~I!1li1lIJ.'o5 e me;) fl!!' dilfferertt Ifn:.~ peTioli,; ful101lTin,g dftCllDtfon of i1 1];*k,],

IlUdear W&]I01lL _'!J.; sD01IIll, the ;uruc.e i!J:ea.requlring dElilllllp de.::1:eaiie5 by fllroor of 10 to, 100 during 1be sl!tond year fuM TililIf; detom1ioe,ilS,ron:.]lilre<i'Tilifu the fur)1!!r fuowin,g

I'ltmlg 0!je7lel: R &

PaJ1Il".J1;tq:6 1 Hameia'ld Serutty I ~ 1 2005 1 1lO61Dn, ~

Pm.1.-SA45 ;~

001 01 Ie

' 00 FJt1In

_>\\rea Requiri~ ~at:on for Differ!ll.1 arr.lp Cri~

d.etooatiOll S~e cle!IWj) vro1l.!d likely 1:0 be cOlqI_eted duricg the fir51 year foUowmg d.etooatiOll tbi; analy>i:; estimarcd me ~031 of c.;eml"lp of thai LInd iU'e>l remaioi.ng cOlllmlina ed

'DOW !he =1Ip criteria

'eM ilfter delo t:on.

In the ase of the RDD e\\'!ll.1. how!\\'K, lmle radiO!ctWi' d~y II occur cIw:ing the 1iII:.e pmod ofll!ll:.ed:iatian (firstyear<< 19.0), For ihisreasoo. 1b! CO;I of cl~of an RD e\\'!ll.1 'as ased 00 the laod ~CIllWJ:ioated by fiillCTJl 0Ire! me 1m1 year foUowmg tile !\\'eIIl.

We !bell look tile pby;K.lll'lume contour:; f<< each of me chre£ 1IIl&.ar We1jKlt: )' elds md me

.fi\\'e c.;eat::Ip lenJs and plooM tho;e in the fu'e w,get loGluon; FtgUf! 3 males ChIs coocept wub the plume l-_}T COlllO'UC for !be lOO-kTauclearW!i1pOll m Nea' 'on.

, NY, aDd Ysidro. c.~,

Figure 3, Hypothetical J1Jmu ContOur. for l()().1T ilDli 5 Qe.mul' ~

The plume COILTl7JfS used represl!ll.l a gEllm~ "wiD:! COD 'rion. - C,earl '. wu:d coMiI:oos impact the radioactin fallou1 a.fi!r a Cl~....lf ll'i'apOIL I!\\'alI and me abiliry to \\

e damag!! de:pEOd; OIL where the lLlma,ge occur;_ The p~

in NI!' ' Yolk C ty blow; illlo tile Adantic Ocean: although not depic1ed h<>..re, tl:.e phm:;e for Detroit soe; c:£o Cauda and l..ake Erie, For tbi; higb-~\\'el 8

vtcmng oge~ R &

P~p; I H~II5e::lJJtty I "'~ 1 2000 IIIDIimI1. ~

Pm\\1.,-SA-45 56, ana2ysi;. our dm!a~,m e5;JL=n.I i; lilI:iIed to the co!lliI!.enal UDilM States aDd [e]l£!"".>I!Il.15 mrume i1Iei d e;urup,el:l:~ gID1IIl.d,nteJ,cOIIlalI:ll!atiooL TheresWt;, oi' our,1IIl>!ilysi; iII,e mown iII Fi~ 4. A;.m ' ip~te.i. 1be e:olOO ' COll5el[n.eoDe; are hi~"1 for 1be ilIY'..i1 I!.uCJ:eIl1"*".. e;lJl'Oc }~~ amd !h.e n:D>I (OIE"JVil.tiVl! cl!!amlp L. l. Nev.r YoIi ",' I!.eE the !Ji.gj);,lii e:OIlOmi dmlJIge.moos the deilllllJl' 5pi!druI!!l. be:all.."!! ofn5,rieme popu1a ' C acdhigb,,'al:nE,rea1e,;tate. Ko!e that !he 'I!toncmi.::. coc.;eqtP.JlC.e; for 'ewYolik C-aaOSi.WI:051 eve£)' mm1Ip le\\l1

!Ilel!' <:11 e1iCleed llli trillioll, *r;\\*hi.dli; roqglll}' equiY;al.eot 10 the aIIIlILllGro:;,sDomest:ir Prodll.CI (GOp) of1be j*.S, H OD.OI!lj".

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Figun 4. C<OllSel(llmce SIlImlMY roo HypoIhe1iGti We!1pOn E ;em; iIll.d em1Ip Levlli

~9IJi"e; :5, 6,. amd.rl!pn.;enJ the coc;equeru::e s~

fur >.'adIlllJdeu W&JIOll e\\7~ 'Fb2 ilIea _md.md ["<luiril!.g long-rum d e;urup is i1 fillx;tion oli the slmdard ;;oJ:ected.a5 re]1rl!'.iI!I!.ted, En If!;,,data I!b~ UDder the graph. Icli5!;;irl:uilly acdl,rollecm~ly. the ecooon:ic coc;equ.=s are hlg;he5t fur II);, lll.osl COll5.I!IW ' ;e stmdilrd e\\*illu;ned.

Figure g jlrovid:, ' '1IlllJlW)' oli the,l!toIllllllic COIl.>eC[lP.JlC.es by 1be :f!w hnlad,r,a-egorie; eva:iua1l!d ThiHl!pn.;enJiltfon dl!lllol!5tti1tes tlW : :i; 1be mamlp c.olii (or

( OSI) tlWi; fue m,§;e.t indivMilill conlritrnlOI to e:Oll.omic COll5l!1[uelJDe; acmss the dei1llllp eT;el sp:drum 1lD.1il we read! IDe.* ait cOJUm' m.~ d e;urup level. ill wlOCl! poiot 1be.OS5 of. * 'e ', 1be III"geSI d e;urup coot In iIle use ohc RDD. the il'lIe 0: call1illlW!ali.llc'c!eJIecd:.; cmI)' on iIle ;aur,c'e maternJ{s) (co IllJtleiII prOCe5; is m\\'ohied). and me '~"fl!!I! of C0Il1illlW!a. C depEnd:.; 00 the physical foml oi !h.e SOlll"CP-,md!he,meCO\\'fIle.;.S of the. di.;:per,allll.edJacisJllE. 'I1l.e ult:i!ruJ.te :lilte o*li!h.e cOllt1Jl:ication (iIll.d. Crus 101l.,g*D;:mt cOll5l!1[uelJr,e.) i; depenclfllt Oll.a c.omp!!::. dlainof tral!s];Ort.lIJ.li!ilkP-.

~;l1Ie. acrll ImLI!diatioo pIllces;e;, Ri!l101I.l frolll. ac RDD,e~llltio:m would be vel)" different frollllbat oh 1l.1lJ ell1"weilpllc lietomli.llc baocau;e !here would ~ 00' large thmml cloud 00' :iJ:!je:1 II);, Iildioarn\\'e material into the tmo;phere. acdl 1be iIlLOIllll ofIildioarn\\\\;! material'r;\\'01!M e n:.udl.ess than that gfller.ated iII ~ llUa ell1"T,!.. eapoc e\\'fIlt. A ~-

.a;'3!!~lJleni of1be ea!con:ic coc;equeru::es oh 10 kG "*1.3 lWin :ew Yolik C- ' j; jlre5f1l1l!din Fig1nre 9,

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1:0 Io;s of life llilb the ;. 3 evet:t. ut me c.:em1lp co:;t m:I 1M (0:; to rebuild a!:d,or reJI ace bui1~. is cm.ce gait: sjgDiflGUlI. pmicularly for me moil (omervam.--e sWldard (on.e-half oflbe am!Ilal U.S. GOP).

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co.. CLUSro~S The methoc!o'log}* ~~ed in Ibis Pi!pe! pnl\\'ide; a :ifriu:nI!,'i\\'DB for eva:.1ua1ing the lI:ll!ior C.o;t coDIpOll!!nts fol!D1\\1i.n;s a IlIldei1Ir 1\\;e!I,.1IIm event. 'J'h.e,re,m several ob~on..; tMt can be Dlilde fromlDeruult; 1h1l.'l:fill:

. ' 'Th,e ecJOOl)]r.k COlEl!qI1&Ce5 01" a Radl'NlI.c eveDt i!.IE! l!:igM.,d£p!I!.Mm OD and do".~)*

wl1pled II) the eilIJ.1!p l.eve 5o>..lEdJ!d

.' C._ilIJ.lIp 'co;l;,geomilly int:reil5e drlm!i!ti.ca!ly fur stmIiar.c); more 5IJ:ingent 1bm 5110 mrem.";l:.

  • ' C _ilIJ.lIp to, me II1II>1: cOll5eI1;'aliVl! sr.udmll evaluated (15, Iml!Dlo.. ) DIlIguifies me I!CollOmiC,conseI[1I.!I!.Ce; oflb;, E\\'!I!.t im!;pe.::nVl! 0'1" the w; oflilIE;!I or weajlQJl. ~ld.
  • ' BeG1me ;1lCf!,aD 'H'eI!I couldl potenItilly spread COll1alJ1.ina. OO\\'ery 1IriJf,>~)'. e!Vl!!l,aIh '1!1.-eIll in

remo1:e~ lo~atio:n could ~

hnge,&o:nomic 'comequen.ce;.

A rut*based,approach to me de\\' ~pn:!I!.t anJ!,application of 5 ilIJ.dmls is Jl.~d:ed.

Thm are no natfOlLlll1lllllWds for a~ceptible ifecoll1alJ1.ina. 00 o~ iI. radio.o!!i.cal 1\\;eapon eVl!DI.

and the ~A SIlIIlriluds 1lied 'Undl!r CERCUI. were,~ed to addri!;s groi\\T~ COIlc:ems,aoout IDe n.eed 10, dean up ootontrolled. abwJJio!led baziudD1I.'l wiltile site, all.d 10,alilires.; future raeilties of 1!iuMdo1l.'l 51ib;tiIIl.ce; into the eIl\\!iMnJr.~. Q&lIl1p a!fb!Jr,a 1;I',;,1IpOIll ~

mcIl. iI.S one oflbose descri:bedin fuis p.ijll!l!' 1\\

be ~tl)' differem from me dea.n.up, of ill,eont.mIinMed iDdJJ;trW facili;y or fom::r weajlOlli prodJXtfon fadiliIy. The stilll.dml ;elecled will impact th me co:.1:

and the !liI.Ce oflDe CJ:eilIJ.lIp. Pci!iq'.1!1.-e1 a1tell.ti.on lo C!:eilIJ.lIp,1lIndard5is Wiln:i1D1ed.

,.~:CKNOl\\iI.1IDG'MiEl rrs The iIlltbor,;, \\\\

II lfte to aCknowledge the do:;e COlIJlI!l!'il.ti

,iI.Ild /he valw;b.e comments iI.!lJi su.~e.>tro!l> !lromed )' the othl!!!' Ir;~mb<>.L; of me Radio1ogir COUDteIm rum Sy';Iem; Alla1y-,js Wolting G!0LIJI'. i1> WJ>Jl,ilS ;.i[mi]Mily va:.1w.b._ iIIplII from olbl!r staiff,aoo ~eIIlmt Padfu Nomfm;l:>1: N lion!!. La:bm:atory

). The R.il.di([logi.cal CIl1IllD"....D!Ill!asnre!i SFIl!DlS Arw)'>is 'i\\ omng 'GToLIJI' iIlCludes Lar;n,!I!.ce Livem::<<,;, N lion!!. Ubm:al0ry (]LNL).

vrcmng 0!Jl8 er: R &

P~p; I HOOI2I3nIl SaJrIty I Joj:fll 2006 I BIlelIln,. ~

Pm-.1.-SA-45 56, Lo; am!l):;. ' *!tio:nal Laooruooy (L.l\\NL), San.dfa NiIliCIW Libet" tooy

), and P}."NL, Th2

'1Ilho:r; wollld lillie 00' ad;DD];\\~e !he Sdence and edJoDlD~' Dire:!Of; tJ D~anmmt 0:-

HomEW!.d Seruri. for ;JIDll5DriD.g iIle ;,tud)'.

REFERE..~CE.s

[I] Dl!!oonh Elrod.. Gla~..'t. Klemi.c. lIoo Anibal T(lb:ias. "R.. ta.b!i5ltiIlg Remed.'iaDOll Le,\\'d; m lU!';JKXD5e [0 a Rildiol(lE;i.cal EvenI (o! 'DUty Bom'b'V E.nuOlII'!I rat S~1!'C1I5 &' T~( IIIlQli!IfJ'. 'Vol 38,. '0. 9. 004.

[ ] United S !ab>~ G1!neral Acccnmting Office.. "Ra.diati.on StmdMtf;. Scien1ific Balli Incon.du;av; an.d EP.;\\ mi NR! Di~~enl CollliIrue;.~ JI.III.e 20M.

[3] s-1Jemenl ofRDben 'G. ard. UDli:er Secreti!IY. ilDtI Jesti.e 1:1. ROber>llD, A ;si.;taiIII SemWy fur ED1.IironmeoIlll M.am;;1!1lIlm U. ep!JibIlmt ofEbl!I'gy. Hau:;e S'llbro~ 00.

Str.l!egk Forces omm..rtte!! OIlJ.Al!Ined SenOOi!i.

blIpJ. m'\\\\'.ener~. g(l',7l'engin.ei'c oJl1mt_do?PUBlJI._ID~ B/li<il9&B'

_COD~P1l

_CONGRiESS'['EST&TI _ OODE=PRlESSSPEECH

[4] P~.I 1

. Zi.n:..n:~llwim Ch£1yll.Aleb, iliI)' Bombs: 'Ihe'ThreatlU!\\;lsiIed!."

D~

Homoo; N'Imlber lB. JallIl!iIY 2~.

[5] Ja;;oll Bnm. Jame;. 0Jr. aaul earol ~port, "Meib"ll.tiDglbe Eff&!:;.oHhe Seplwiber 11.4.m o. (lD.* 'm YoII; Ci '." FRBNY EoolJDmk Policy Review. N(lvl!1l!Ibe! 2 002~

blIpJ. m'\\\\',ge!).arizollll.eibJ!-

. _rg2jj 1!.~aue,,;.Iltml

[

C!wrlIJJ. [)a1;idl. and Wal!er S. Mwful. "Site RestOI1l!io E~

o::... tttn"buta'b._

CcJst'l from ~tonrum-D '.sper:al Ac:dli:eJ.!;.~ SAN[)gQ-'OO5

  • Sao.:lia * 'ational

'boriIwife.>.,

1996.

[ Gla;;1DJle" Sill!l1I!".l and PDilip. DolaD, "'1b: Elf&!:; 0'1

~udeiU' WI!i!pOll5.," *n.ited State;, Dl!o..1IMtD:eJlt off Deffllie and the EDergy i!.e;eiIrcb ilDtI D.. ve. PllIleJlt AlilI:.ioistta. ' DD, 19 B

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