|
---|
Category:Database File
MONTHYEARML21133A3702021-05-13013 May 2021 Control Point Hazard ML0808501252008-03-21021 March 2008 Wetlands Geodatabase, Wetlands Digital Data ML0707301242007-03-0707 March 2007 Utricularia Inflata (Swollen Bladderwort) and Utricularia Vulgaris (Common Bladderwort) ML0707301142007-03-0707 March 2007 Prunus Pumila Introductory ML0707301112007-03-0707 March 2007 Plant Species List, Updated January 2007 ML0707206332007-03-0707 March 2007 Ofgac Native Trees and Shrubs Database ML0707204632007-03-0707 March 2007 Wild Lupine and Karner Blue Butterflies ML0707204372007-03-0707 March 2007 Adw Haliaeetus Leucocephalus Information ML0707204342007-03-0707 March 2007 Adw Clemmys Muhlenbergii Information ML0707203082007-02-16016 February 2007 Watched Plants List ML18025A0031978-04-10010 April 1978 Joint Relative Humidity-Stability-Wind Speed Frequency Distribution 2021-05-13
[Table view] Category:Environmental Monitoring Report
MONTHYEARPLA-8058, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report (PLA-8058)2023-04-26026 April 2023 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report (PLA-8058) PLA-8047, 2022 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological), PLA-80472023-04-19019 April 2023 2022 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological), PLA-8047 PLA-7987, Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual - (PLA-7987)2022-04-26026 April 2022 Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual - (PLA-7987) PLA-7986, 2021 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological) Docket No. 50-387, PLA-79862022-04-26026 April 2022 2021 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological) Docket No. 50-387, PLA-7986 PLA-7985, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report2022-04-22022 April 2022 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report PLA-7928, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report2021-04-26026 April 2021 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report PLA-7927, Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual PLA-79272021-04-26026 April 2021 Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual PLA-7927 PLA-7926, 2020 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological) PLA-79262021-04-0909 April 2021 2020 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological) PLA-7926 PLA-7854, (SSES) - 2019 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) - PLA-78542020-04-16016 April 2020 (SSES) - 2019 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) - PLA-7854 PLA-7859, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report - PLA-78592020-04-14014 April 2020 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report - PLA-7859 PLA-7858, Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (PLA-7858)2020-04-0808 April 2020 Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual (PLA-7858) PLA-7768, Submittal of 2018 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) - PLA-77682019-04-18018 April 2019 Submittal of 2018 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) - PLA-7768 PLA-7766, Submittal of Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual2019-04-18018 April 2019 Submittal of Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual PLA-7699, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 20172018-04-20020 April 2018 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for 2017 PLA-7690, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-radiological)2018-04-10010 April 2018 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-radiological) ML17261A1972017-09-13013 September 2017 NPDES Permit No. TN0026450 - Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) for August 2017 PLA-7607, Submittal of Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report for 20162017-05-24024 May 2017 Submittal of Annual Radioactive Effluent Release Report for 2016 PLA-7601, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report - 20162017-05-12012 May 2017 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report - 2016 PLA-7575, Transmittal of 2016 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological)2017-04-24024 April 2017 Transmittal of 2016 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Nonradiological) ML16141A1162016-05-10010 May 2016 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report PLA-7464 PLA-7455, Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual2016-05-0202 May 2016 Radioactive Effluent Release Report and Offsite Dose Calculation Manual PLA-7448, Annual Environmental Operating Report for 20152016-04-25025 April 2016 Annual Environmental Operating Report for 2015 PLA-7310, Submits 2014 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, PLA-73102015-05-13013 May 2015 Submits 2014 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, PLA-7310 ML15177A0332015-04-28028 April 2015 Radioactive Effluent Release Report, 2014 Annual Report PLA-7312, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological)2015-04-22022 April 2015 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) ML14134A2912014-05-13013 May 2014 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, Appendixs a Program Summary, and B, Sample Designation and Locations ML14134A3042014-05-13013 May 2014 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, Appendix C - Table C1 - C9 PLA-7165, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, Appendixes C, D and E2014-05-13013 May 2014 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, Appendixes C, D and E ML14134A2902014-05-13013 May 2014 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, Attachment 1, Page 17 - Page 38 ML14134A2482014-05-13013 May 2014 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report, Attachment 1, Cover - Page 16 PLA-7164, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological)2014-04-28028 April 2014 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) ML13226A3052013-08-12012 August 2013 NPDES Permit No. No. TN--26450 - Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) for July 2013 ML13142A5182013-04-30030 April 2013 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 2012. Part 2 of 2 ML13142A5172013-04-30030 April 2013 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report 2012. Part 1 of 2 PLA-6853, 2011 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report2012-05-0808 May 2012 2011 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report PLA-6838, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological)2012-04-24024 April 2012 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-6710, Radioactive Effluent Release Report, 20102010-12-31031 December 2010 Radioactive Effluent Release Report, 2010 PLA-6611, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report2010-05-10010 May 2010 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report ML1011703042010-04-30030 April 2010 Radioactive Effluent Release Report for 2009, Cover Through Section 8 PLA-6604, Submittal of Annual Environmental Operating Report2010-04-26026 April 2010 Submittal of Annual Environmental Operating Report PLA-6508, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for Calendar Year 20082009-05-12012 May 2009 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report for Calendar Year 2008 ML12191A1732009-04-30030 April 2009 Bell Bend, Audit Supplemental Aquatic Ecology Report: Susquehanna River Issues PLA-6496, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) Submitted for the Calendar Year 20082009-04-27027 April 2009 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) Submitted for the Calendar Year 2008 ML0913903602008-12-31031 December 2008 2008 Radioactive Effluent Release Report, Cover Through Section 8, Table 8-1 PLA-6493, Radioactive Effluent Release Report, Appendix a Through End2008-12-31031 December 2008 Radioactive Effluent Release Report, Appendix a Through End ML14282A7482008-07-31031 July 2008 TN391 - Ecology III (Ecology III, Inc.) 2008. Environmental Studies in the Vicinity of the Susquehanna Steam Electric Station, 2007 Water Quality, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, Fishes ML0933402182008-06-27027 June 2008 Bell Bend Nuclear Power Plant COL, Radiological Environmental Monitoring Report (Remp), within Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report (Reor), Susquehanna Steam Electric Station Units 1 & 2, PPL Susquehanna, LLC, Berwick, PA, for PLA-6360, Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report2008-05-0707 May 2008 Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report ML0923306022008-04-30030 April 2008 Report No. R-1903966-01, Rev. 0, Effect of Plant Structures on the Wind Speed and Direction at the Meteorological Tower at the Susquehanna Steam Electric Plant. PLA-6348, Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-6348 for 20072008-04-29029 April 2008 Annual Environmental Operating Report (Non-Radiological) PLA-6348 for 2007 2023-04-26
[Table view] |
Text
Wild Lupine and Karner Blue Butterflies Wild Lupine and Karner Blue Butterflies by Kim Mitchell and Cathy Carnes Habitat loss or modification, the main threat to most rare species, has been particularly hard on the Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis). Its numbers have fallen by 99 percent, with most of the losses occurring in the past 15 years. Populations survive only in widely scattered remnants of its former range, which once included 12 northern States and the Province of Ontario.
Wild blue lupine is the only food for the Karner blue butterfly's caterpillar.
Wild lupine is a perennial plant in the pea family with beautiful pink to blue flowers. It is found primarily on dry, sandy soils in open to partially shaded habitats. Many of the areas where the lupine grows are oak savanna and pine barrens plant communities. In addition to the Karner blue, these communities support a diverse array of other rare plant and animal species such as the Blanding's turtle and prairie fame flower. If the natural forces (e.g.,
wildfires) that create or maintain these open habitats are suppressed, management is needed. Lupines can occur in power line rights-of-ways and utility corridors, military installations, forest trails, and other open areas that are maintained as early successional landscapes. Without natural or artificial disturbance, savanna and barrens communities yield to shrubs or forests. Lupines in shaded habitats may survive, but usually with poor vigor and without flowering. Eventually, the lupines are shaded out, making the site unsuitable for http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/insects/kbb/lupine.html (1 of 3)3/7/2007 11:15:56 AM
Wild Lupine and Karner Blue Butterflies Karner blues.
The Karner blue butterfly's annual life cycle is inextricably tied to that of the lupine. About mid-April, wild lupines sprout from rhizomes and forms clumps of flowering stalks. Two generations of Karner blue butterflies are produced each year. The first brood begins around mid-April, when eggs laid the previous summer hatch. Tiny larvae crawl up the lupine stems to feed on the new leaves. They eat the interior portion of the leaf, leaving behind the surface layer and creating a "window pane" effect. Dense stands of lupine are necessary to ensure that enough butterflies are produced to maintain the population over time. Peak bloom is reached by mid- to late May, when flowering lupines may create a sea of blue in the open meadows of oak savannas and pine barrens. About the time of peak bloom, the year's first brood of Karner blue larvae pupate. Adults are usually flying from late May through early June.
During the flowering period, the first-flight adult butterflies lay eggs on or near the lupine plants. In about a week, they hatch. The season's second brood of larvae feed through mid-July, when lupine flowering is ending and seed pods are produced. The second-flight adults then emerge through mid-August, depending on weather conditions. Because they cannot depend on lupine flowers for food at that time, the adults must have a variety of mid- to late summer flowering plant species to serve as nectar sources. By the time second-flight females lay their eggs, the lupine is dying back or is already dormant. The active periods for both the plant and the butterfly last only about 4 months of the year (Dirig 1994).
The ranges of the wild lupine and Karner blue do not exactly overlap. Instead, Karner blues are found along the northern extent of lupine's range. Historically, the butterfly occurred in a rather narrow band extending from eastern Minnesota, across portions of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Canada (Ontario), Pennsylvania, New York, and Massachusetts to New Hampshire. Dirig (1994) surmises that Karner blues are limited to areas where continuous winter snow pack is present for over 80 days. Because the eggs are often deposited on bare sandy soil, where there is little or no or vegetative litter to protect them, snow is necessary to insulate the eggs from cold temperatures and the drying effects of the sun.
Wild lupine is a plant that thrives in areas that are periodically disturbed, which reduces or eliminates overhead canopies and plant competition. Historically, fire provided open barrens and savanna habitats for colonization by lupine and Karner blues. Not surprisingly, fire suppression has consistently been identified as the primary factor affecting the butterfly's population decline and reduction in range. It is now extirpated from Ohio, Pennsylvania, Massachusetts, Ontario, and probably Illinois, and is barely hanging on in New Hampshire and Minnesota.
In the eastern part of its range (New York and New Hampshire), the wild lupine is most frequently found in remnants of habitat that have been artificially disturbed, such as highway corridors, sand roads, utility rights-of-way, abandoned sand pits, and airports. The Karner blue fares better today in Wisconsin and Michigan than anywhere else. Landscapes supporting lupines and butterflies in these States vary from public lands managed as savannas or barrens to rights-of-way and military lands. Wildfire, prescribed burns, and artificial disturbance--such as mowing and grazing--have maintained a patchwork of open-canopied and lupine-dominated sites that continue to support Karner blue butterflies.
The future for the Karner blue lies in active management to simulate the historic role of fire in maintaining oak savanna and pine barren habitats. The Fish and Wildlife Service looks forward to working with its many partners in the protection of this endangered butterfly, the wild lupine, and the ecosystems upon which both depend.
http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/insects/kbb/lupine.html (2 of 3)3/7/2007 11:15:56 AM
Wild Lupine and Karner Blue Butterflies Dirig, R. 1994. Historical notes on wild lupine and the Karner blue butterfly at the Albany Pine Bush, New York. Pages 23 -36 In KARNER BLUE BUTTERFLY: a symbol of a vanishing landscape. Edited by D.A. Andou, R. J. Baker, and C.P. Lane. St. Paul, MN Ag.
Exp. Stn.
Kim Mitchell and Cathy Carnes are wildlife biologists in the FWS Twin Cities, Minnesota, Regional Office and Green Bay, Wisconsin, Field Office, respectively.
Karner Blue Index Page E-Mail Us!
Phone: 612/713-5360 V/TTY: 800-657-3775 Disclaimer Region 3 Endangered Species Home Page National Endangered Species Home Page Region 3 Home Page USFWS Home Page U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of Endangered Species BHW Federal Building 1 Federal Drive Fort Snelling, Minnesota 55111-4056 http://www.fws.gov/midwest/endangered/insects/kbb/lupine.html (3 of 3)3/7/2007 11:15:56 AM