ML030140349
| ML030140349 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | Ginna  |
| Issue date: | 12/23/2002 |
| From: | Mecredy R Rochester Gas & Electric Corp |
| To: | Robert Schaaf Document Control Desk, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation |
| References | |
| Download: ML030140349 (184) | |
Text
2.0 REPRESENTATIVE I4PORTANT SPECIES DETERMINATIONS Prior to the development of this Ginna 316(a) Demonstration Supplement, both RG&E and EPA investigated appropriate species which would fulfill the requirements of Representative Important Species (RIS) for the aquatic community expected to be influenced by the Ginna discharge.
This investigation included the available aquatic information pertaining to the Ginna site and related areas.
Appendix 2A contains related correspondence between RG&E and EPA which finalized this selection process.
The following species were agreed upon as RIS:
Macroflora:
Cladophora Macroinvertebrates:
Gammarus Vertebrates:
Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus)
Smelt (Osmerus mordax)
Spottail Shiner (Notropis hudsonius)
Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieui)
White Perch (Morone (= Roccus) americana)
Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)
As noted in Appendix 2A, Crayfish (Cambarus) were considered and subseauei.tly deleted after EPA final review.
2.0-1
The rationale supporting the selection of these species as the Ginna site RIS is presented in Section 6.4 of the Sterling 316(a) and (b) Demonstration (RG&E, 1975) and is incorporated herein by reference.
Section (6.4) contains life history informa tion for each of the RIS.
The selection of the same RIS at the Ginna and Sterling sites is justified by the similarities in their aquatic ecosystems.
2.0-2
APPENDIX 2A
ZJ VA
-. 31 M:
kOCHESTE? GASA?
ELECTRIC CORPORATICN V EAST AVEF!I, F3CfHlSTER, II.Y. [4649 TCLZP..OE AMEA CODE 799 546-2700 November 8, 1976 lir. Harvey Lunenfeld, P.E. Chief Energy and Thermal Wastes Section Water Facilities Branch U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region !I 26 Federal Plaza New York, New York 10007
Subject:
Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation Application N6. 070 0X2 2 000079 (NY 0000493)
Ginna Nuclear Power Plant 316(a) Demonstration File:
0278
Dear Mr. Lunenfeld:
On October 14, 1976 representatives of EPA and RG&E met at Region II
.headquarters to review your request for additional information to per form a 316(a) determination under the subject permit application.
"During this meeting, RG&E agreed to prepare a supplement to the GINNA 316(a) Demonstration for submittal to the EPA on or about March 31, 1976.
The additional data to be provided would be responsive to your letter as reviewed in detail with your staff.
A detailed outline will be submitted for your formal approval in the near future.
One remaining question pertains to the designation of Representative Important Species (RIS).
At a previous meeting the following list of RIS was suggested by EPA for this region of Lake Ontario:
Cladophora Spottail shiner Gammarus Smallmouth bass Cambarus (Crayfish)
White perch Alewife Rainbow or Brown Trout Smelt Chinook or Coho Salmon RG&E submits that the above RIS are valid indicators of the aquatic ecosystem for this region.
It is reconamended that Cambarus (Crayfish) be deleted from the RIS list
&ue to the limited area of bottom contact influenced by the thermal Dlune.
The macroinvertebrate cor.umunity is well 2A-1
ROCHESTER GAS AND ELECTRIC CORP.
SHEET ?O.
2 DATE November 8, 1976 TO Mr. Harvey Lunenfeld represented by Gammarus.
Your acknowledgment of this RIS listing as amended is requested.
Our meeting with your staff was beneficial i.n resolving continued efforts in this 316(a) determination process.
Very truly yours, Roger W. Kober Environmental Engineer RWK/sw 2A-2
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
- *REGION It 26 FEDERAL PLAZA NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10007 November 24, 1976 Mr. Roger W. Kober Environmental Engineer Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation 89 East Avenue Rochester, New York 14649 Re:
Ginna Nuclear Power Plant (NY0000493) 316(a) Demonstration
Dear Mr. Kober:
Reference is made to your letter of November 8, 1976 to Mr. Harvey Lunenfeld, regarding the identification of Representative Important Species (RIS) appropriate to the Ginna Section 316(a) demonstration.
This is to inform you that EPA Region II agrees with RG&E's recommended list of RIS for the Ginna facility.
Sincerely yours, oel Golumbek
.Energy and Thermal Wastes Section Water Facilities Branch 2A-3
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3:
DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND YEARLY FLUCTUATIONS OF RIS Section Page
3.1 MACROFLORA
Cladophora............................
3.1-3 3.1.1 Metholodogies for Sampling................
3.1-4 3.1.2 Distribution and Abundance................
3.1-5 3.1.2.1 Areas of Evaluation-Control Area, Mixing Zone, Discharge Zone............................
3.1-5 3.1.2.2 Spatial Distribution and Abundance........................
3.1-5 3.1.2.3 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation....
3.1-7
3.2 MACROINVERTEBRATES
Gammarus......................
3.2-1 3.2.1 Metholodogies for Sampling................
3.2-1 3.2.1.1 Areas of Evaluation.............
3.2-2 3.2.1.2 Spatial Distribution and Abundance........................
3.2-2 3.2.1.3 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation....
3.2-3 3.3 FISH..............................................
3.3-1 3.3.1 Methodologies for Sampling.................
3.3-2 3.3.2 Areas of Evaluation - Control Area, Discharge Zone.............................
3.3-8 3.3.3.1 3.3.3.2 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.4 3.3.3.5 3.3.4 American 3.3.4.1 3.3.4.2 3.3.4.3 3.3.4.4 3.3.4.5
.0............0..0.00.000000........03-3-:1 Distribution and Abundance......
3.3-9 Acclimation Temperature and Relationship to Thermal Plume...3.3-10 3.3.3.2.1 Preference Temperature.........
3.3-10 3.3.3.2.2 Swimming Abilities.. 3.3-11 Attraction Index................
3.3-12 Spawning and Nursery Areas......
3.3-13 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation.... 3.3-15 Smelt.............................
3.3-15 Distribution and Abundance......
3.3-15 Acclimation Temperature and Re lationship to Thermal Plume..... 3.3-16 3.3.4.2.1 Preference Temperature.........
3.3-16 3.3.4.2.2 Swimming Abilities.. 3.3-17 Attraction Index................
3.3-18 Spawning and Nursery Areas......
3.3-19 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation....
3.3-19 3-i
Section Page 3.3.5 Spottail Shiner.............................
3.3-20 3.3.5.1 Distribution and Abundance.......
3.3-20 3.3.5.2 Acclimation Temperature and Re lationship to Thermal Plume......
3.3-21 3.3.5.2.1 Preference Temperature..........
3.3-21 3.3.5.2.2 Swimming Abilities...3.3-21 3.3.5.3 Attraction Index.................
3.3-22 3.3.5.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas.......
3.3-24 3.3.5.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation..... 3.3-24 3.3.6 White Perch.................................
3.3-25 3.3.6.1 Distribution and Abundance.......
3.3-25 3.3.6.2 Acclimation Temperature and Re lationship to Thermal Plume......
3.3-26 3.3.6.3 Attraction Index.................
3.3-28 3.3.6.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas.......
3.3-29 3.3.6.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation..... 3.3-29 3.3.7 Smallmouth Bass.............................
3.3-30 3.3.7.1 Distribution and Abundance.......
3.3-30 3.3.7.2 Acclimation and Temperature Re lationship to Thermal Plume......
3.3-31 3.3.7.2.1 Preference Temperature..........
3.3-31 3.3.7.2.2 Swimming Abilities...3.3-32 3.3.7.3 Attraction Index.................
3.3-34 3.3.7.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas.......
3.3-35 3.3.7.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation..... 3.3-35 3.3.8 Coho Salmon................................
3.3-36 3.3.8.1 Distribution and Abundance.......
3.3-36 3.3.8.2 Acclimation Temperature and Re lationship to Thermal Plume......
3.3-37 3.3.8.2.1 Preference Temperature..........
3.3-37 3.3.8.2.2 Swimming Abilities...3.3-37 3.3.8.3 Attraction Index.................
3.3-39 3.3.8.4 Spawning and Nursery Index.......
3.3-40 3.3.8.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation..... 3.3-40 3.3.9 Brown Trout................................
3.3-41 3.3.9.1 Distribution and Abundance.......
3.3-41 3.3.9.2 Acclimation Temperature and Re lationship to Thermal Plume......
3.3-42 3.3.9.2.1 Preference Temperature..........
3.3-42 3.3.9.2.2 Swimming Abilities...3.3-42 3.3.9.3 Attraction Index.................
3.3-44 3.3.9.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas.......
3.3-46 3.3.9.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation..... 3.3-46 3-ii
Section Page 3.3.10 Fish Community Characteristics.............
3.3-47 3.3.10.1 Relative Distribution and Abundance........................
3.3-49 3.3.10.2 Summary Discussion...............
3.3-51 3.3.10.2.1 Spawning and Nursery Area.........
3.3-51 3.3.10.2.2 Attraction to Thermal Plume........
3.3-52 3.3.10.2.3 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation..........
3.3-53 References.........................
..... 3.3-57 3-iii
LIST OF TABLES Table No.
3.1-1 3.1-2 3.3-1 3.3-2 3.3-3(1) 3.3-3(2) 3.3-3(3) 3.3-3(4) 3.3-3(5) 3.3-3(6) 3.3-3(7) 3.3-4 3.3-5 3.3-6(1) 3.3-6(2) 3.3-6(3) 3.3-6(4) 3.3-6(5)
Title Average Abundance of Cladophora Trends in Yearly Fluctuation of Cladophora Attraction Index Water Temperatures for Net Locations Sampled in
°C (*F) 1969-1975 Overall Abundance of RIS by Species (Catch Per Unit Effort)
Alewife Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Smelt Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Spottail Shiner Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 White Perch Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Smallmouth Bass Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Coho Salmon Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Brown Trout Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Preference Temperatures for RIS - Fish Swimming Abilities for RIS - Fish Alewife Distribution and Abundance -
CUE for Each Net Set Smelt Distribution and Abundance -
CUE for Each Net Set Spottail Shiner Distribution and Abundance CUE for Each Net Set White Perch Distribution and Abundance -
CUE for Each Net Set Smallmouth Bass Distribution and Abundance -
CUE for Each Net Set 3-iv
LIST OF TABLES (Continued)
Table No.
Title 3.3-6(6)
Coho Salmon Distribution and Abundance -
CUE for Each Net Set 3.3-6(7)
Brown Trout Distribution and Abundance -
CUE for Each Net Set 3.3-7 Results of Analysis of Variance for Each RIS Fish 3.3-8 Species Diversity Indices from Fish Net Studies 3.3-9 Fish Net Study, Species Diversity Comparison t-Test using Shannon-Weaver Index Values of Probability for Given Values of Degrees of Freedom at Specific Levels of Significance.
1973 and 1974 3.3-10 Fish Net Study, Species Diversity Comparison t-Test using Shannon-Weaver Index Values of Probability for Given Values of Degrees of Freedom at Specific Levels of Significance.
1975
LIST OF FIGURES Figure No.
3.1-1 3.1-2 3.1-3 3.1-4 3.1-5 3.1-6 3.1-7 3.1-8 3.1-9 3.1-10 3.1-11 3.1-12 3.1-13 3.2-1 3.2-2 3.2-3 3.2-4 3.3-1 3.3-2 3.3-3 Title Sampling Stations, Transects and Discharge Zones Ginna Site Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Cladophora Gammarus Gammarus Gammarus Gammarus -
- Late
- Late
- Late
- Late
- Late
- Late
- Late
- Late
- Late
- Late
- Late Spring Summer Spring Summer Spring Summer Spring Summer Spring Summer Spring 1969 1969 1971 1971 1972 1972 1973 1973 1974 1974 1975
- Late Summer 1975 July 1973 Spring 1974 Fall 1974 1975 Average Catch/Unit Effort for Each RIS - Fish Versus Sampling Month Average Catch/Unit Effort for Each RIS - Fish Versus Water Depth (Distance from Shore)
Average Catch/Unit Effort for Each RIS - Fish Versus Sample Year 3-vi
3.0 DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCES, AND YEARLY FLUCTUATIONS OF RIS.
Aquatic ecological studies have been conducted annually at the Ginna site since 1968.
Since the Ginna Station pump ing operations began in mid-1969 and a continuous thermal discharge began in mid-1970, the 1968 and 1969 studies generally indicate studies conducted prior to a thermal discharge and are usually viewed by RG&E as pre-operational studies.
The 1968 studies, although presented quantita
- tively, (RG&E, 1969),
were primarily used in a qualitative fashion to describe the general ecological conditions found at the site prior to plant operation.
Most discussions presented in this section deal quantitatively with the studies conducted in 1969 through 1975 (RG&E,
- 1970, 1971,
- 1972, 1973, 1977),
however the 1968 studies should be considered for informational purposes.
Summaries are presented in this section describing the species composition, location, and seasonal dynamics of abundance of the representative important species pre sently inhabiting the discharge zone and adjacent water body segment at the Ginna Nuclear Station.
The species discussed, as selected in Section 2.0, include Cladophora glomerata, Gammarus fasciatus, Alosa pseudoharengus (Alewife), Osmerus mordax (Smelt), Notropis hudsonius (Spottail Shiner), Morone americana (White Perch),
3.1-1
Micropterus dolomieui (Smallmouth Bass),
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho Salmon),
and Salmo trutta (Brown Trout).
Data representing these species were taken from various depths along some or all of the eight principal sampling transects at Ginna coded W-3a, W-2, W-l, E-0, E-l, E-2, E-3, and E-4 (Note Figure 3.1-1 for transect locations and sample stations).
An explanation of the procedures used in plotting the abundance and distribution figures presented in the Macroflora and Macroinvertebrate Sections (Sections 3.1 and 3.2, respectively) may aid in the understanding of these sections.
The plots are developed mechanically on a Hewlett-Packard 9830A Computing system.
Values of concentration at each station (larger numbers) are plotted in relation to the shoreline at each station location along the various transects.
Where adjacent stations show a concentration difference of four inter mediate values or more, the system does a linear inter polation of intermediate values and plots them at the appropriate location.
These interpolated data are generated to aid the investigator in developing isopleths or organism concentrations.
Details of the sampling methodology may be found in the individual discussions of the RIS.
3.1-2
3.1 Macroflora
(Cladophora glomerata)
The macroflora community at Ginna, and similarily along most of the southeastern shore of Lake Ontario, is com posed entirely of the green, filamentoug alga named Cladophora glomerata.
This alga functions as an impor tant "habitat former" in the near shore zone at Ginna, pro viding shelter for numerous members of the macroinverte brate community and small members of the fish community.
Cladophora growth is typically confined to water depths of six meters or less, because of limiting light inten sities in deeper water.
Ecological conditions necessary for the protection and propagation of Cladophora are well defined.
The alga needs a firm, stable, rock substrate for attachment (Neil and Owen, 1964); an unrestricted movement of water to facilitate gas and nutrient exchange (Herbst, 1969); hard water with a pH range of 7.5 to 8.5 (Van den Hoek, 1963);
and ample sunlight (greater than one percent light trans mission through the lake water surface).
A discussion centered about the thermal requirements and sensitivity of Cladophora is presented in section 4.2.1 of this dem onstration.
3.1-3
3.1.1 Methodologies for Sampling The approach at the Ginna Nuclear Station for sampling the benthos (both Macroflora and Macroinvertebrates) from 1969 to 1974 was to carefully select as sampling areas the flat surfaces of rock larger than 25 x 25 cm in size and scraping the Cladophora from a 25 x 25 cm area.
The samples were analyzed to determine the amounts of Cladophora collected and the numbers of organisms which were contained within each Cladophora sample.
To reduce bias, three subsamples were collected at each station, combined and averaged to produce the final 25 x 25 cm samples.
In 1975 wire cages containing uniformly graded rock were placed at each station, with a piece of ceramic tile at tached to the top of the cage.
The Cladophora which attached to and subsequently grew on this plate was re moved and weighed, while the benthic invertebrates were removed from the space between the cage rocks.
A more detailed account of the sampling Methodologies can be found in the annual Benthic Reports (RG&E,
- 1969, 1971,
- 1972, 1973, 1977).
3.1-4
Distribution and Abundance 3.1.2.1 Areas of Evaluation Samples were collected from four stations (2.5, 5, 8
and 12m depths) along some or all of the transects W-3a, W-2, W-1, E-0, E-1, E-2, E-3, E-4, E-5.
The location of stations within and immediately around the proposed Ginna Discharge Zone (surface area) are shown in Figure 3.1-1.
It can be seen that seven commonly used sampling stations occur within this zone, with transects W-3a, E-3 and E-4 acting as controls.
The sampling stations at the 12 meter depth are completely out of the discharge zone along all transects.
Only one station (2.5m, E-0) is normally within the area of bottom scour, thus the primary thrust of these studies have been to detect gross discharge effects on benthic organisms, not constant temperature and/or scour effects.
3.1.2.2 Spatial Distribution and Abundance The spatial distribution of Cladophora at Ginna has been plotted on Figures 3.1-2 through 3.1-13, covering late sprinq and late summer distributions and abundances for the years 1969 through 1975 (excepting 1970).
On each of these figures the proposed discharge zone has been outlined to show the interaction between the dis charge and the distribution of Cladophora in the area.
3.1-5 3.1.2
The distribution for 1969 through 1973 seem to follow a repeating sequence of Cladophora being low or absent immediately off of the discharge canal in late spring, with the same area showing some of the highest amounts of growth by later summer.
For undetermined reasons, this pattern disappears almost completely in 1974 and 1975.
Although these distribution patterns become evident in the figures, they were not detected by any statistical methods.
This would indicate that even though the discharge may be affecting the Cladophora population im mediately in front of the discharge, the timing and extent of the effect are too transient and random to produce a measurable change in the overall amount of Cladophora in the area.
Abundances of Cladophora by year and transect are given in Table 3.1-1 as grams dry weight per square meter.
Highest abundances occurred in 1969 and again in 1973.
The uncommonly high value along W-2 in 1973 cannot be adequately explained, the growth was so dense that a diver taking samples would actually disappear from sight upon entering the Cladophora mat.
Strands were measured up to 10-12 feet long.
Some combination of clear water and ample sunlight may have been the causative factor.
3.1-6
3.1.2.3 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation Trends in fluctuation were studies by looking at the annual variance at each transect and the variance across transects for each year of study.
Table 3.1-2 gives these values, and except for the variances for 1973 and W-2, caused by the extremely large amounts of Cladophora then present, the variance for all years at each transect are greater than the variance for all transects for each year.
This demon strates clearly that the yearly variation induced by cli matologic phenomenon is greater than any variation induced by the thermal discharge, thus precluding the determination of, and concern for, discharge induced variation in the local abundance or distribution of Cladophora.
3.1-7
Table 3.1-1 2
Average Abundance of Cladophora (grams/meter -dry weight)
TRANSECT YEAR W3a W2 W1 E0 El E2 E3 E4 E5 1969 NS*
5.65 4.41 1.74 2.88 2.24 4.80 4.57 4.65 1971 1.28 1.23 1.92 0.97 1.01 1.38 1.20 1.24 1.32 1972 1.26 0.48 0.61 0.35 0.78 0.23 0.19 1.12 0.49 1973 NS 68.52 5.68 2.99 3.80 3.13 3.26 2.00 NS 1974 1.85 1.76 1.01 1.21 1.99 1.09 1.13 1.11 NS 1975 5.00 NS 3.74 1.73 2.09 1.89 2.41 NS NS
- NS - Not sampled during year indicated.
Table 3.1-2 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation of Cladophora -
Variance of Means by Year and Transect Variance by Year Variance by Transect for all transects for all years 1969 -
1.94 W3a -
3.20 1971 -
0.08 W2 881.54 1972 -
0.14 Wl 4.10 1973 -
605.63 EQ 0.80 1974 -
0.16 El 1.29 1975 -
1.73 E2 1.00 E3 2.82 E4 2.19 E5 4.85
2 I
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3.2 Macroinvertebrates
(Gammarus fasciatus)
The Amphipoda at Ginna, comprised almost exclusively of the representative important species named Gammarus fasciatus, is one of the most impottant benthic groups, serving as a preferred food species by various members of the fish community.
The ecological requirements and close association between Gammarus and Cladophora mats has been discussed in Sections 6.4.1 and 6.4.2 of the Sterling 316a demonstration (RG&E, 1975a),
and is applicable here.
3.2.1 Methodologies for Sampling From 1969 through 1974 Gammarus were sampled along with Cladophora, with numbers expressed as total gammarids per square meter.
In 1975 the gammarids were collected from the benthic cages and expressed as a total count.
(See Section 3.1.1 of this report.)
A more detailed description of sampling methodologies can be found in the annual Benthic Reports (RG&E, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1977).
The data on Gammarus collected during 1969-1972 has not been used in the following analyses since it is not strictly quantitative in nature.
It is felt that there is representative data available from the 1973-1975 period, and this data is analyzed below.
The 1969-1972 data should be considered for informational purposes and it is contained in the benthic reports referenced above.
3.2-1
3.2.1.1 Areas of Evaluation As with Cladophora, Figure 3.1-1 shows the location of stations around the discharge zone where Gammarus were sampled.
W-3a, E-3 and E-4 acted as sufficient controls for the purposes of the studies conducted.
(See Section 3.1.2.1 of this report.)
3.2.1.2 Spatial Distribution and Abundance Concerning the distribution and abundance of Gammarus for 1973, 1974 and 1975 both spatially and temporally, the following observations, derived from Figures 3.2-1 to 3.2-4 will serve to characterize this group:
- 1) Concentrations of gammarids are usually greater 4t 2.5 meters than at 5 meters.
Occasionally, however, lower concentrations of gammarids occur at the 2.5 meter sta tions than at 5 meters, presumably because the shallower region is more prone to the disruptive forces of heavy wave activity.
- 2)
Abundance typically diminishes lakeward from the 5 meter depth contour, with differences in station location being significant at the 95% level as determined by two way analysis of variance.
3.2-2
- 3)
The distribution among transects is patchy, with no significant differences being detected.
- 4)
Seasonally, the standing crop of gammarids is low in May, presumably reflecting the classical minimal winter levels (Clemens, 1950),
reaches a maximum during July or August, and declines during the fall.
Although the distributional figures indicate slightly higher concentrations in front of the discharge, no significant level of statistical difference is found.
3.2.1.3 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation Testing by four-way analysis of variance demonstrates that the yearly abundance of Gammarus are relatively stable and that the discharge at the Ginna Nuclear Station has had no statistically measurable impact on the abundance or dis tribution of Gammarus in this area.
3.2-3
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3.3 Fish The fish community, primarily due to both its commercial and recreational relationships to man, normally receives the most attention of any group within the aquatic ecosystem.
From the fish studies conducted at Ginna, and considering other areas and factors, seven species of fish have been chosen as being representative of and important to the fish community at Ginna.
These seven species are:
Alosa pseudoharengus (Alewife), Osmerus mordax (Rainbow Smelt),
Notropis hudsonius (Spottail Shiner),
Morone americana (White Perch),
Micropterus dolomieui (Smallmouth Bass),
Oncorhynchus kisutch (Coho Salmon),
and Salmo trutta (Brown Trout).
The selection process involved in this decision has been discussed in Section 2.0.
In the following subsections, each of these species will be discussed with respect to their abundance and distribu tion at the Ginna site during the study years.
In subsec tion 3.3.10, the total fish community is discussed in an attempt to describe the dynamic nature of its structure as it has been determined from a compilation of the data gathered over the study years.
3.3-1
Methodologies for Sampling Fish studies at the Ginna Nuclear Station during 1971 through 1975 were conducted each month over a four day period, using seven experimental gill nets.
These nets were cleared every 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />.
Each net used was 1.8 m (6 ft.)
x 37.9 m (125 ft.)
in dimension, composed of 1.8 m (6 ft.)
x 7.6 m (25 ft.)
panels of different mesh size ranging from 1.3 cm (1/2 in.) to 6.4 cm (2 1/2 in.) square measure in 1.3 cm (1/2 in.) increments.
For the first two days of each study, nets were set perpendicular to shore as follows:
- 1) one net in plume, perpendicular to and close to shore.
- 2) one net at transect E-O in about 1.5 m (5 ft.)
of water*
- 3) one net at transect E-2 in about 1.5 m of water*
- 4) two nets (surface and bottom) at transect E-O in about 4.6 m (15 ft.)
of water
- 5) two nets (surface and bottom) at transect E-2 in about 4.6 m of water For the second two days of each study, the four deeper nets (4 and 5 above) were moved to about the 12.1 m (40 ft.)
- These nets are usually referred to as "shore nets" or "shore stations".
3.3-2 3.3.1
depth (the 9.1 m (30 ft.)
depth was used prior to 1974) along the same transects, again at the surface and bottom.
The other three nets were kept in the same place.
In 1969, the nets were set along one transect, E-0 or E-1 depending on pumping operations, for two days at the same depths as used in later years.
In 1970, the E-0 and E-2 transects were sampled (not simultaneously) each for two days at the normal depths.
Although the procedures may have differed slightly from year to year, the data has been presented in comparable units (catch per unit effort) to make comparisons possible.
Table 3.3-1 presents overall abundance of each RIS in terms of catch per unit effort for the combined years of 1969 through 1975.
On the morning of each day the nets were lifted and cleared.
The fish from each net were kept separate and on shore they were sorted by species and counted with each fish being measured for total length and weight.
The larger species were examined for stomach contents and sex and sexual condition were ascertained where possible, with juveniles being separated later on the basis of length vs. age.
Table 3.3-1 lists the RIS-fish in decreasing order of relative abundance based on catch/unit effort for each species over the 1969-1975 period.
The roughness of the rock bottom in 3.3-3
the area of Ginna Station precluded any major seining effort near shore where many of the smaller juveniles would be.
Two trap nets were normally scheduled to be used in conjunc tion with the gill nets.
The type of trap net used was 1.2 m x 1.2 m x 1.8 m (4x4x6 ft.)
in dimension and was single hearted.
The mesh was 1.9 cm (3/4 in.) stretch mesh while the center lead was 30.4 m (100 ft.)
long and of 3.8 cm (1 1/2 in.) stretch mesh.
The net was set in about 2.1 m (7 ft.)
of water with the mouth and the lead towards shore.
One trap net was set immediately to the west of the dis charge plume, the other east of the discharge at transect E-2.
The above are established procedures for the net studies at Ginna.
Specific sampling dates, durations, locations, etc., can be found in the annual Fish Study Reports (RG&E,
- 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1977).
Under each of the RIS-fish, there is a discussion on pre ference temperatures.
Of all the physical factors in the aquatic environment, temperature is perhaps the most per vasive; it mediates the effects of most other environmental factors and is influenced reciprocally (Hutchison, 1976).
The possible effects of temperature on fish, are grouped as either "lethal", "controlling" (at the physiological level), or "directive" (controlling spontaneous movements).
3.3-4
These are subject to modification depending upon a host of intricate, interrelated factors, some of which will remain incompletely understood until the development of analytical tools in the future.
- However, some of the more obvious and documented factors affecting thermal responses include species type and genetic strain, age and size, sex, diet, behavior (innate and learned), water quality, thermal history, experimental design, seasonal changes in photoperiod, diel and circadian rhythms, and hormonal condition (note Barans and Tubb, 1973; Brett, 1969; Reutter and Herdendorf, 1974(a); Fry, 1964; Coutant, 1975; and a recent review by Hutchison, 1976).
Acting in concert, the above factors greatly complicate predictive impact assessments of fish encountering thermally enriched areas, or thermal discharges within a water body.
Although prediction is possible, based on experimentally derived information in the literature, a note of caution is often urged because it is impossible to duplicate and anticipate all important environmental variables in the laboratory; therefore empirically derived data, taken from site-specific surveys at existing thermal discharges, are particularly useful to qualify or verify purely theoretically based impacts.
To this end, the applicant has provided in formation on known preference temperatures and swimming capabilities in response to various acclimation temperatures 3.3-5
or conditions (from in-situ or experimental situations).
These data may then be contrasted with actual data on fish distribution at the Ginna discharge, as reflected by an attraction index.
There is included with this supplement summary tables (Tables 3.3-3(1) through (7)) which gives the attraction index of each species for the plume transect.
Table 3.3-2 presents corresponding water temperatures for each net location.
In this analysis, the attraction of each fish species to the plume nets is compared to the E-2 or E-0 shore nets (as con trols in relation to the plume net).
This index ranges from
+1 (all fish of that species being found at the plume) to
-1 (all fish of that species found at the E-2 shore net.
A zero (0) shows no difference in attraction to either net (numbers of fish being equal, termed neutral attraction).
This index is useful in examining the various fish species for preference or avoidance of the plume area.
The formula is:
Nd -
Nc A.
i Nd + Nc i = the species in question Ai = value of attraction index (+1 to -1)
Nd = number of fish of species i caught per unit effort at discharge Nc = number of fish of species i caught per unit effort at control 3.3-6
This formula was originally devised by Ivlev (1961) and has been adapted for this use by R.
W. Miller and D. J.
DeMont (1974).
It is based upon the use of catch per unit effort data.
Water temperatures at the plume, E-O shore, and E-2 shore nets for each study are listed in Table 3.3-1 and are referred to in the attraction index section of the text.
The temperatures are indicative of each net loca tion, but there existed in most studies vertical thermal gradients at most surface net locations.
A discussion centering on swimming abilities as a function of temperature, is offered for each RIS fish for which data are available.
Three types of swimming response may be addressed in the course of discussion.
They are:
(1) cruising, a swimming response or speed which fish can maintain for a minimum period of one hour without significant variation in performance, (Brett et. al., 1958);
(2) sustaining, swimming which can be maintained for a shorter period of time relative to cruising and is used for passage through difficult areas (3 to 6 body lengths per second (bl/s),
Bell, 1973); and (3) darting, a single effort not sustainable beyond a few seconds (speed about 10 bl/s or about 6 times the cruising speed, Bell, 1973 and Bainbridge, 1958).
As a matter of authoritative usage and standardization, the following terms, as defined, may be used in discussions of thermal relationships of an organism (Folk in Hutchison, 3.3-7
1976):
(1) acclimation, used most often in laboratory ex periments, is the compensation made to a single environmental factor such as temperature, and requires time on the order of hours to weeks; (2) acclimatization is the adjustment made to two or more environmental factors such as tem perature and photoperiod, and may have a time course similar to acclimation; (3) preference temperature is that selected by fish when placed in a thermal gradient, usually measured on the order of minutes or hours following alteration of acclimation temperatures; and lastly (4) final preference temperature is that temperature to which fish will gravitate if left infinitely long in a temperature gradient (Fry, 1964),
usually achieved on the order of a few days.
3.3.2 Areas of Evaluation From the dimensions proposed for the Ginna discharge zone the following breakdown emerges for the experimental nets set at Ginna (Figure 3.1-1):
Discharge Zone Control Area Plume Net E-2 shore E-O shore E-2 15' E-O 15' E-2 30' (40')
E-O 30' (40')
3.3-8
This distribution closely corresponds to the test and control designations given to these stations prior to the definition of the present Ginna discharge zone.
Although the E-2, 9m (30 ft) surface station lies within the designated discharge zone, its location can be con sidered to be normally in ambient waters and therefore it is generally used as a control station.
3.3.3 Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) 3.3.3.1 Distribution and Abundance Alewives exhibit the greatest abundance of any species in the Ginna area with an overall abundance of 23.505 alewives captured per net-day (catch per unit effort) (Table 3.3-1).
During the period from April through September, when alewives are found inshore, it was found that they are somewhat attracted to E-O during April, May and June, and tend to avoid the discharge zone during the warmest water months of July, August and September.
During the rest of the year alewives generally remain offshore and are not captured regularly in the nets.
Figure 3.3-1 shows ale wife catch per unit effort (CUE) peaking in June and then declining steadily through November.
This is somewhat significant (P<0.08) as shown by analysis of variance, Table 3.3-7.
Actual CUE for each net location are given on Table 3.3-6(1).
3.3-9
3.3.3.2 Acclimation Temperature and Relationship to Thermal Plume 3.3.3.2.1 Preference Temperature Preference temperatures for young-of-the-year and mature ale wives from Lake Michigan, have been recently derived ex perimentally for each season of the year (Otto, et. al.,
1976),
and are presented in Table 3.3-4.
The authors highlight two important observations in the data; (1) pre ferred temperatures for young-of-the-year alewives were consistently higher (by about 5-9 0 C (7.9-16.2°F)) than those of mature fish tested at comparable times, an observation consistent with that for other species (Coutant, 1975),
and (2) seasonal factors other than lake temperature appear to be of considerable importance in determining preferred temperatures.
The maximum preferred temperature for adult alewives occured in the spring (May) concurrent with inshore migrations, and was recorded as 21 0C (69.8 0F).
This is strikingly consistent with a final preferendum or final preference temperature of 21.3 0 C (70.3 0 F) measured by Reutter and Herdendorf (1974),
for adult alewives from Lake Erie in spring (acclimation at 16 0C (60.8 0F)).
Following a spring maximum, preference temperatures declined in summer to 16.0*C (60.8 0F); this occurred despite rising lake (ambient) and acclimation tem peratures, and is consistent with documented offshore move ments of adult alewives in summer (mid-August).
Adults were no longer obtainable from shore waters after mid-summer.
3.3-10
In the fall when adults reside offshore, a preference for 160C (60.8 0 F) was maintained; however, by December or January, as lake temperatures approach an annual minimum, adult alewives displayed a preference for 11 to 120C (51.8-53.61F).
Most of the population resides in deep offshore waters during the winter, far removed from the sphere of influence associated with nearshore thermal discharges.
Further discussion of potential impact and areas of exclusion within the Ginna thermal discharge are reserved for Section 4.2.
Young-of-the-year alewives normally occupy warm nearshore waters until late fall, a distributional response clearly in keeping with their higher preference temperatures, relative to adults.
Preferences of this group ranged from a maximum of 25WC (771F) in mid-summer (August), to 190C (66.2 0 F) in December according to Otto et. al. (1976).
They presumably overwinter in deep offshore waters along with the remainder of the alewife population.
3.3.3.2.2 Swimming Abilities Relatively little experimental data are available to fully evaluate the swimming ability of alewives.
Colby (1973),
however, has presented some observations of alewife cruis ing speeds in an experimental holdingtank (see Table 3.3-5).
Cruising speeds for Age II specimens (87-104 mm in length) 3.3-11
ranged from 3.2 body lengths per second (bl/s), or 1.0 fps at 12.0-13.9 0 C (53.6-57.0 0 F),
down to 1.4 bl/s (0.4 fps) at 2.0-3.9-C (35.6-39.0*F).
At the lowest temperatures, ale wives appeared to be disoriented and often swam headlong into the sides of the holding tank.
These observations at the lowest temperatures were confirmed in tests by Stone and Webster (1976) in which alewives could not respond to flows of 1.0 fps and move passively along with the current.
The only information obtained for sustaining speeds was based on the passage of spring-run marine specimens through a fishway (Dominy, 1973).
These fish traversed areas with water velocities ranging from 3.4 to 5.8 fps; no temperature data were cited.
Since specimens from the Great Lakes tend to be smaller than marine forms, these sustaining values may be somewhat greater than to those applicable for Lake Ontario.
3.3.3.3 Attraction Index Attraction indices for alewives are listed for fish net studies from 1969 through 1975 on Table 3.3-3(1).
The attraction indices are listed for the plume vs E-0 shore and plume vs E-2 shore, respectively.
A pattern of general avoidance of the plume was indicated.
Those instances in which attraction occurred were usually in the spring.
For the plume vs E-0 shore tests, there were 25 instances of 3.3-12
avoidance of the plume and only 7 of attraction to the plume.
Of the seven studies where attraction to the plume occurred, water temperatures at the plume were with one exception (July 9-12, 1975) within the thermal preferenda listed on Table 3.3-4 for adult and juvenile alewives.
For the plume vs E-2 shore tests, there were 24 studies where avoidance of the plume occurred; there were also ten studies where attraction to the plume occurred.
For eight of the ten studies attraction to the plume occurred at water tem peratures within the thermal preference temperatures listed for alewife adults and juveniles on Table 3.3-4.
One of the remaining two cases of attraction occurred at a water tempera ture slightly higher than that of the juvenile preference range.
The alewives, in general, have shown attraction or avoidance of the thermal plume in accordance with their thermal prefer enda.
It should be remembered that there exist thermal gradients at each of the net locations including the plume so that the plume temperature listed in many cases is the maximum of a range of temperatures.
3.3.3.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas Alewife larvae were found in the ichthyoplankton study conducted at the Ginna site during 1974 (RG&E,
- 1975b, Appendix A-74.1-3).
In all reported studies conducted on Lake Ontario's southern and south-eastern shore, 3.3-13
(RG&E,
- 1975b, NYSEG 1974, NMPC 1975, Engels, 1974) alewives have consistently predominated the ichthyoplankton cap tures.
Since all of the study sites included open shore line type of environments, which typifies the Ginna situa tion, it would be reasonable to assume that the Ginna site ichthyoplankton community also would be dominated by alewives.
This assumption is useful since there was a relatively low capture rate of larvae, yet an apparently normal capture rate of eggs.
Since the state of the art of fish egg identification did not allow identification of the eggs sampled, it is assumed that 90% of them were from alewives.
In the 1974 study at Ginna, 85% of the eggs sampled were found at the 2 and 5m stations.
This is a normal distribution pattern for ichthyoplankton studies reported on Lake Ontario.
Assuming 90% of these eggs were from alewives, an average density of 2,800 eggs/M2 were present for the 2 and 5m depths at the Ginna site during 1974.
At Sterling, using the same 90% assumptions, there was an average density of about 1,900 alewife eggs/M2 (RG&E, 1975b).
From these findings the applicant concludes that the Ginna site is relatively comparable to other areas of the lake in terms of alewife spawning and use as a nursery area, thus no import due to the operation of the plant can be discussed.
3.3-14
3.3.3.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation Abundance of alewives by year is presented in Figure 3.3-3.
It can be seen that the abundance in the Ginna area dropped off dramatically between 1969 and 1970, and has been climb ing steadily every year since.
There was a statistically significant difference in alewives over the years (P<0.04),
as indicated by the four-way analysis of variance.
3.3.4 American Smelt (Osmerus mordax) 3.3.4.1 Distribution and Abundance The average annual abundance of smelt in the Ginna area was found to be 0.871 fish per net-day (CUE)
(Table 3.3-1).
This number is low due to the fact that smelt are a winter run fish and are almost absent from the area during the time of heaviest netting effort.
Smelt seem to be attracted to the E-O transect in the spring and fall and for the most part are unavailable for study during the summer months.
Analysis of variance shows that distribution by month and distance from shore are statistically significant.
Figure 3.3-1 shows numbers of smelt (CUE) falling rapidly from an April high of 17.5 to zero in July, staying at zero through August and rising stead ily to 9.5 in November.
Numbers increase steadily from shore outward to 30 feet (9.14 m) as shown in Figure 3.3-2.
3.3-15
3.3.4.2 Acclimation Temperature and Relationship to Thermal Plume 3.3.4.2.1 Preference Temperature Preference temperatures for smelt have not been specifically studied in the laboratory, however they may be inferred from surveys on the seasonal bathymetric distribution of smelt and corresponding lake temperature profiles (note Table 3.3-4).
Although adult smelt have on occasion been cited as taken in warm water, they are essentially a cold water species confined to deeper water (at the thermocline or within the hypolimnion) during summer thermal stratification.
Water temperatures in these areas of aggregation range from 7.2-12.8 0 C (45-55°F) in deep lakes such as Cayuga and Champlain, and 12-18 0 C (53.6-64.4 0 F) in shallower lakes such as Lake Erie and Gull Lake.
Following the fall circulation of lake waters, smelt are no longer stratified and may occupy surface as well as deeper waters through out fall and winter.
During the spring, smelt move into tributaries to spawn with water temperatures ranging from 8.9 to 18.3 0 C (48.0 64.9°F) (Scott and Crossman, 1973).
Young smelt are reported as abundant in nearshore waters during the spring season, but as waters warm they withdraw and range pelagically over deeper water, often nearing the surface at dusk or on dark days (Greene in Burbidge, 1969).
Preference temperature may fall within 3.3-16
a range of 12 to 18 0 C (53.6-64.4 0 F).
In the fall and winter, young-of-the-year specimens in addition to adults occupy the upper portion of a water column.
Burbidge (1969) reported water temper atures in the fall of 12 and 10 0C (53.6 and 50 0 F) near concentrations of smelt for October and November, respectively.
It is presumed that winter preference temperature approximates the 10 0 C (50 0 F) value noted for November.
3.3.4.2.2 Swimming Abilities A review of available published literature revealed no data on the swimming abilities of rainbow smelt.
If, however, one assumes that smelt can maintain a sustaining swimming speed of 3 to 6 bl/s (1.5 to 3.0 fps for a 6 in.
fish), which is the range of sustaining speeds for other species under ideal tempera ture conditions (see RG&E 1974a),
one might expect a 50% re duction in speed to 1.5-3 bl/s (0.8-1.5 fps) at temperatures near 5*C (41°F),
(Brett et. al., 1958).
Such speeds could only be endured on the order of minutes.
If smelt conform to a generalized pattern displayed by other fish, they might be capable of darting at speeds approximately two times sustain ing speeds, however the duration is expected to be for only a few seconds (Bell, 1973).
3.3-17
3.3.4.3 Attraction Index Attraction indices for smelt are listed on Table 3.3-3(2) for fish net studies from 1969 through 1975.
The attraction in dices are listed for plume vs E-0 shore and plume vs E-2 shore net captures, respectively.
Smelt were taken in low abundance in all of the nets.
For the plume vs E-0 shore there were nine instances of avoid ance of the plume and five of attraction to the plume.
For three of the incidences of attraction, plume temperatures were within the range of thermal preference of smelt as listed on Table 3.3 -4.
There were two instances where the smelt were attracted to the plume at temperatures in excess of the reported preferenda.
For the comparison of the plume with E-2 shore nets, there were nine cases of avoidance of the plume, one case of neutral ity (attraction index = 0.00),
and five cases of attraction to the plume.
For the one case of neutral attraction, the plant was down and the water temperature at the plume was less than E-2.
Of the five cases of attraction to the plume, only one occurred at temperatures in excess of those described on Table 3.3 -4.
Smelt, though, rarely captured at the Ginna Station were seen to be attracted to or avoid the plume in close agreement with their thermal preferenda.
3.3-18
3.3.4.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas Smelt larvae were identified in the 1974 ichthyoplankton study conducted at the Ginna site (RG&E, 1975b).
Smelt have been identified in all ichthyoplankton studies con ducted on Lake Ontario's southern and south-eastern shore line, although in greatly reduced numbers in comparison to the alewife.
Scott and Crossman (1975) indicate that smelt are stream spawners, but that spawning has been known to take place offshore on gravel shoals.
Based on this it would seem that spawning on the Ginna site, as at other similar sites, would be limited for the smelt.
No discernible impact can be attributed due to the Ginna Station discharge.
3.3.4.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation Smelt abundances dropped from 1969 to 1970, rose steadily through 1973 and have dropped off in 1974 and 1975, Figure 3.3-3.
Analysis of variance indicates that these fluctua tions are probably within the area of random change, Table 3.3-7.
3.3-19
3.3.5 Spottail Shiner (Notropis hudsonius) 3.3.5.1 Distribution and Abundance Spottail shiners rank third in the RIS for abundance, demonstrating a capture rate of 6.986 CUE (Table 3.3-1).
Abundance is highest in the spring, dropping steadily through the summer into fall, Figure 3.3-1.
Analysis of variance indicates that this change is not statistically significant, neither is the change with depth, Table 3.3-7.
Figure 3.3-2 shows spottail shiner abundance as stable from shore out to 15', although there is a dropping off from 15' to 30'.
No statistical differences are detectable between the E-0 and E-2 transects.
3.3-20
3.3.5.2 Acclimation Temperature and Relationship to Thermal Plume 3.3.5.2.1 Preference Temperature Reutter and Herdendorf (1974) established two final preference temperatures for Lake Erie spottail shiners; specimens taken in winter preferred 10.2 0 C + 2.8 (50.4°F + 5.0), while those in spring preferred 14.3*C + 1.5 (57.7 0F + 27) in laboratory tests (note Table 3.3-4).
Specific data for summer and fall periods are lacking, however Wells (1968) and Wells and House (1974) demonstrate the preference for Lake Michigan spottails to inhabit waters warmer than 13.1*C (55.6°F) during the late summer.
At the same time, younger and smaller spottails dominated catches closer to shore (3 fathoms) where bottom waters were 19.5WC (67.1*F).
3.3.5.2.2 Swimming Abilities A review of available literature failed to uncover data concerning swimming abilities of spottail shiners.
It is possible, for predictive purposes, to assume that spottails swim in a manner consistent with a generalized pattern discussed in Section 3.3.4.2.2.
Thus an average specimen 3.0 inches (7.6 cm) in length should be capable of sustaining speeds of 3 to 6 bl/s (0.7-1.5 fps) under optimal conditions, and 1.5 to 3 bl/s (0.4-0.8 fps) at temperatures near 5oC (41 0F).
3.3-21
3.3.5.3 Attraction Index Attraction indices for spottail shiners are listed for fish net studies from 1969 through 1975 on Table 3.3-3(3).
For com parisons of plume vs E-0 shore net captures, there were 18 cases of avoidance of the plume, one case of neutral attraction (index = 0.00),
and twelve cases of attraction to the plume.
In the case of the neutral attraction, in the fall the plume temperature recorded was above any preferenda listed on Table 3.3-4, although no particular preferenda is given for the fall.
Of the twelve cases of attraction to the plume, six occurred at plume temperatures above the listed thermal preferenda.
For the E-2 comparison with the plume, there were 21 cases of avoidance of the plume, three of neutral attraction, and eight of attraction.
For the two cases of neutral attraction one case had the plume temperature above the recorded thermal pre ferenda of the spottail shiner and the other within the range described on Table 3.3.-4.
For the cases of attraction, three occurred at plume temperatures above the described tem perature preferenda.
One of those cases occurred where both the plume and E-2 shore nets had water temperatures above the temperature preferences.
The remaining five cases of attrac tion to the plume occurred at water temperatures within the preference range cited.
3.3-22
It should be reiterated at this point that thermal gradients exist at most net locations so that the temperatures reported for each net may actually be in excess of those at which the fish are found.
3.3-23
3.3.5.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas Spottail shiners spawn in spring and early summer through out their geographical range, the precise dates depending upon latitude and seasonal weather (Scott and Crossman, 1975).
Available evidence suggests that Great Lakes populations spawn over sandy shoals in June or July.
The fish egg and larvae study conducted in 1974 at Ginna pro duced a few spottail shiner larvae (RG&E, 1975b).
- Again, normal spawning for these types of site conditions is assumed at Ginna, with no resultant impact.
3.3.5.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuations Yearly abundance levels of spottail shiners are highly variable with no discernable trends, Figure 3.3-3.
No statistically significant difference between years was detectable by analysis of variance, Table 3.3-7.
3.3-24
3.3.6 White Perch (Morone americana) 3.3.6.1 Distribution and Abundance White perch rank second in abundance at the Ginna site, with an average CUE of 12.471 (Table 3.3-1), reaching its highest levels in July and August.
Analysis of variance, Table 3.3-7, indicates that these changes are not signifi cant.
The changes in abundance with distance from shore, however, are highly significant demonstrating that the drop off of white perch abundance with distance from shore (from 15' to 30' depth) shown in Figure 3.3-2 are real and pre dictable.
No statistical differences can be shown between the num bers of white perch at E-0 and E-2 for any year or season.
3.3-25
3.3.6.2 Acclimation Temperature and Relationship to Thermal Plume 3.3.6.2.1 Preference Temperature Data are particularly sparse regarding thermal preferences of white perch.
What values exist were derived from laboratory ex periments on estuarine forms.
Meldrim and Gift (1971) cite pref erences of 6.7 0 C (44.10F) and 32 0 C (89.60F) when fish were acclimated to l.1°C (34 0F) and 25°C (77°F),
respectively.
For the purpose of this discussion in the absence of any definitive data on freshwater forms, it is assumed that these values somewhat approximate those expected for white perch in Lake Ontario.
White perch migrate shoreward to spawn in spring; water temperatures may range from 11 to 15 0 C (51.8-59°F) (Sheri 1968).
Raney (1965) reports that young individuals are found in abundance among weedy areas along the shores of rivers and lake waters in July.
However with the onset of cold weather, white perch move offshore into deeper water and remain there through the winter.
3.3.6.2.2 Swimming Abilities Studies were conducted on the swimming capabilities of small (6.9 16 cm) young estuarine forms of white perch by King (1970).
Speeds and endurance obviously vary with temperature and size of individuals (see Table 3.3-5); under the influence of warm temperatures (greater than 21.1°C or 70°F) young individuals (9-16 cm 3.3-26
(3.5-6.3 in.).length) can swim at about 3 to 4 bl/s (1.2 to 1.6 fps) for 30 minutes; however at reduced temperatures (5-120 C or 41-53.6°F) swimming speeds of 3 to 5.7 bl/s (1.2 to 2.3 fps) could be maintained for only 4 to 8.5 minutes.
Although adults were not specifically tested, they would be expected to display the same relationship with respect to temperature while maintaining a somewhat greater speed (greater in terms of fps, however less in terms of bl/s).
3.3-27
3.3.6.3 Attraction Index Attraction indices for white perch are listed for fish net studies from 1969 through 1975 on Table 3.3-3(4).
Examination of the attraction indices for the plume vs E-0 shore nets showed 13 studies where white perch were attracted to the plume, and 19 studies where white perch avoided the plume.
The studies in which the white perch showed attraction to the plume were wholly consistent with thermal preferences reported in Table 3.3 -4.
In comparison of the captures in the plume net with captures at the E-2 shore location, there were 18 studies in which the white perch showed attraction to the plume, one study where they were neutrally attracted to the plume, and 15 studies in which they avoided the plume.
In general, attraction to the plume was consistent with reported thermal preferenda However there were a number of instances in the fall where white perch avoided the plume despite the temperatures being in their preferred range.
Although this is not shown by the attraction index, there were generally reduced num bers of white perch caught at the plume and other shore nets during the fall months.
3.3-28
3.3.6.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas The white perch spawns in the spring.
Studies of Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario populations by Sheri and Power (1968) indicated that spawning commences about mid-May and may extend to the end of June.
During this period water temperatures are in the range of 110 to 150 C (51.8 0 -59.0 0 F).
Details such as site selected, dates, and time of day, etc., of spawning seem not to have been recorded for other areas of Lake Ontario.
The 1974 ichthyoplankton study conducted at Ginna (RG&E, 1975b) did sample concentrations of white perch larva, however, this was a single isolated occurrence and is assumed to be quite typical of the white perch spawning habits.
White perch are normally found in ichthyoplankton studies con ducted on Lake Ontario (RG&E, 1975b, NYSEG,
- 1974, NMPC 1975, Engels, 1974).
Any impact on the population is assumed to be limited.
3.3.6.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuations Figure 3.3-3 show white perch abundance from 1969 through 1975.
It can be seen that white perch are probably the most stable species in the area with no statistically sig nificant changes in numbers from year to year.
3.3-29
3.3.7 Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieui) 3.3.7.1 Distribution and Abundance Fish studies at Ginna have indicated an average abundance of 0.635 CUE (Table 3.3-1).
This places the smallmouth bass as the fifth most numerically abundant RIS at Ginna.
A four-way analysis of variance was run (Table 3.3-7),
indicating that there are no significant differences be tween the months sampled, even though the abundances on Figure 3.3-1 show higher concentrations from July through September.
As in the case of white perch, the numbers de creased substantially in the fall.
The dropoff in numbers between the shore and 15 foot net is highly significant (P<0.001) indicating that the dropoff was encountered in every study.
There were no differences detectable between abundances at E-0 at E-2.
3.3-30
3.3.7.2 Acclimation Temperature and Relationship to Thermal Plume 3.3.7.2.1 Preference Temperature Smallmouth bass have a distinct preference for warm waters, often greater than ambient as evident from the work of several investi gators (see Table 3.3.-4).
Data are available for both juveniles and adults during each season.
Preferences vary from a narrow upper range of 29-31 C (84.2-87.8 0 F),
encompassing both juveniles and adults in summer, to a wide range of 13-260 C (55.4-78.8 F) for adults in winter.
Juveniles apparently remain more selective for higher temperatures in winter by displaying a relatively small range of 24-28 0 C (75.2-82.4 0 F).
Seasonal and diel movements of smallmouth bass are partly a behavioral response which allows them to maintain them selves within their preferred temperature range (Scott and Crossman, 1973).
However, at selected times other environmental factors must supersede temperature preferences.
In a recent review of bass biology by Coble (1975),
it is stated that smallmouth bass move to deeper water in winter and seek places that are dark and devoid of current.
Migra tion begins when water temperature is falling, and although this behavioral response occurs at temperatures as high as 15.6 0 C (60 0F),
it intensifies at 10C (50 0F) and lower.
At low temperatures (about 4.4°C (39.9 0 F) and less) the fish move close to the bottom, become torpid, and rarely feed.
3.3-31
3.3.7.2.2 Swimming Abilities Available data relative to the swimming capabilities of smallmouth bass are restricted to a single study on bass fry (2.1-2.3 cm in length) by Larimore and Duever (1968).
These authors were inter ested in studying the displacement of bass fry from rivers as a function of water temperature and velocity.
Therefore the data presented in Table 3.3-5 reflect final test speeds at which specimens were displaced from a chamber; actual swimming speeds are presumed to be somewhat less than displacement speeds.
Two features in the data are noteworthy; (1) swimming capability in creases concurrent with test temperature for any given acclimation temperature, and (2) performance at a common test temperature increases concurrent with acclimation temperature, i.e.
a fish acclimated to 50 C (41 F) and tested at 15 C (59°F) does not perform as well as a fish acclimated to 150 C (59 0 F) and tested at 150 C (59°F).
This latter feature points out the effect of lag time in volved in acclimation to higher temperatures.
Extrapolation of these data directly to adult fish and their ability to acclimate and penetrate a thermal discharge in winter, will require considerable caution, particularly since smaller fish can swim relatively faster (more body lengths per second) than larger ones at comparable temperatures.
Of significance is the fact that swimming performance of smallmouth bass improves with subjection to higher temperatures, however limited endurance (order of minutes) at low temperatures (10 C (501F) and less) is expected to restrict 3.3-32
their distance of penetration to some location less than maximum discharge temperature and velocity.
Of even greater ecological significance is the observation that smallmouth bass populations retreat from nearshore waters during colder months, thus greatly minimizing the number of individuals available for impact.
3.3-33
3.3.7.3 Attraction Index Attraction indices for smallmouth bass are reported for fish net studies from 1969 through 1975 on Table 3.3-3(5).
The attraction indices comparing captures at the plume net with those at E-0 shore show four studies where smallmouth bass avoided the plume, two studies where the smallmouth bass were neutrally attracted to the plume, and 22 studies where they were attracted to the plume.
The areas of attraction to the plume all occurred within the temperature preference range of smallmouth bass reported in Table 3.3-4.
It is im possible to know, of course, both the actual acclimation tempera ture of the smallmouth bass collected during studies at the Ginna Station and also the actual preference of the fish being investigated.
This may explain occurrence of avoidance of the plume which occurred when the plume possessed tempera tures within the preference range of the fish.
In comparison of the plume and E-2 shore there were seven cases where the smallmouth bass avoided the plume and 24 cases where they were attracted to the plume.
Again, the cases where attraction occurred were within the range of tempera ture preference of smallmouth bass.
There were some cases, as previously mentioned, when the smallmouth bass avoided the plume when the plume temperatures were within the thermal preference range of the smallmouth bass.
3.3-34
3.3.7.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas Smallmouth bass spawn, usually over a period of 6-10
- days, in the late spring and early summer, most often late May to early July.
Nest building and spawning (in most areas of the Great Lakes) commences over a range of temperatures 12.80 to 20.0 0 C (550 68 0 F) but egg depo sition takes place mostly at 16.10 18.3oC (61 -
65°F).
The male builds a nest 18.3 -
30.5 cm (7.2-12 in.) in dia meter in 0.6 to 6 m (2-20 feet) of water on a sandy, gravel, or rocky bottom, of lakes and rivers, usually near the protection of rocks, logs, or more rarely, dense vegetation (Scott and Crossman, 1973).
Although the Ginna area probably affords at least adequate bottom conditions for smallmouth bass spawning, the very important protection factor is lacking.
No observations of nests have been made by divers, and no identifiable eggs or larvae have been collected.
Therefore use of the site by smallmouth bass for a spawning or nursery area is considered to be negligible.
3.3.7.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation With the exception of 1974, Figure 3.3-3 indicates that smallmouth bass abundances at the Ginna station have been increasing steadily since 1969.
However, testing by analysis of variance indicates that this increase is not statistically significant.
In any event, no detri mental effects of the discharge plume have been demon strated for smallmouth bass.
3.3-35
3.3.8 Coho Salmon:
(Oncorhynchus kisutch) 3.3.8.1 Distribution and Abundance Coho salmon, Table 3.3-2, show the least abundance of all the RIS, only a 0.055 CUE average.
Change in abun dance by month, Figure 3.3-1, shows that most of the coho are encountered in the spring and fall.
They leave the nearshore area for the most part from May through October.
This seasonal change is highly signifi cant (P<0.01), Table 3.3-7.
Figure 3.3-2 indicates that, when coho are in the area, they are most likely found nearer to shore, the statistical difference in distance from shore being P<0.07, (Table 3.3-7).
No statistically significant differences were found between the control and discharge transects.
3.3-36
3.3.8.2 Acclimation Temperature and Relationship to Thermal Plume 3.3.8.2.1 Preference Temperature Coho salmon are cold-water fish, which according to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (1975) prefer tem peratures about 12.2 C (54°F),
range of 10-14.4 C (50-57.9°F),
and prefer surface waters when temperatures permit.
During the summer months coho may be found at depths near the thermocline; however by late summer they migrate shoreward and are found near parent streams.
Laboratory studies by Reutter and Herdendorf (1974) demon strated that juvenile coho have a final preference temperature of 11.4 C + 4.0 (52.5°F + 7.2) when acclimated to 11.0 C (51.8°F) in late winter or early spring (note Table 3.3-4).
This agrees with Brett (1952) who cites a preference range of 9-120 C (48.2 53.6 0 F) for hatchery reared juvenile coho acclimated to 100C (500F).
3.3.8.2.2 Swimming Abilities Data were selected from Griffiths and Alderdice (1972) to demonstrate the swimming abilities of juvenile coho salmon (7.5-9.5 cm in length) as a function of temperature (note Table 3.3-5).
Critical swimming speeds, those at which test specimens become fatigued, decrease proportional to acclimation temperatures, and increase proportional to test temperatures for any given acclimation temper ature.
Considering the possibility of juvenile coho encountering a thermal 3.3-37
discharge in the winter season, the data indicate that an individual (9.5 cm (3.7 in.) in length) acclimated to 20C (35.6OF),
could not swim faster than about 2.9 bl/s (0.9 fps) at 20C (35.6 0 F),
3.9 bl/s (1.2 fps) at 50C (41*F),
4.5 bl/s (1.4 fps) at 8C (46.4*F),
and 4.9 bl/s (1.5 fps) at 110C (51.8 0 F).
Although the authors failed to present endur ance times for various speeds, they appear to be in the range of sustaining speeds (3-6 bl/s), implying endurance on the order of minutes.
Adult salmonids can penetrate thermal discharges during colder months, however their residence time or penetration into the plume is limited as evidenced by their internal body temperatures being below maximum discharge temperatures (Spigarelli et. al., 1974).
3.3-38
3.3.8.3 Attraction Index Attraction indices for coho salmon are reported on Table 3.3-3(6)for 1969 through 1975 studies.
There were relatively few captures of coho salmon.
Out of all studies examined, only one study (May 21-24, 1974) did not show avoidance of the plume for comparisons for either shore net.
In that study coho were neutrally attracted to the plume as compared with E-0 shore, or were attracted as compared to E-2 shore.
This case was consistent with temperature preferences reported in Table 3.3-4.
3.3-39
3.3.8.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas Coho salmon are an anadromous species native to the Pacific coast of America.
They are an introduced species in Lake Ontario, artificially maintained, with no indica tion of any natural spawning.
3.3.8.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation Coho salmon were consistently found only in 1975 when for the first time the CUE was above 0.1.
No statistically significant differences between years were detectable.
The efforts of the ongoing salmonid stocking program in Lake Ontario may result in the continued capture and probable increase in CUE for this species at Ginna.
3.3-40
3.3.9 Brown Trout:
(Salmo trutta) 3.3.9.1 Distribution and Abundance Brown trout average abundance at Ginna is only slightly higher than Coho, at 0.080 CUE (Table 3.3-1).
They also show the same monthly variation as the Coho, and in fact, as all other salmonids.
They characteristically leave the shore area in summer and return again in fall after the water temperatures have dropped, Figure 3.3-1.
Analysis of variance, Table 3.3-7, indicates that this change over the sampling season is highly significant, P<0.006.
Change with depth, on the other hand, Figure 3.3-2, is not significant.
Also, no significant differ ences were detected between E-0 and E-2.
3.3-41
3.3.9.2 Acclimation Temperature and Relationship to Thermal Plume 3.3.9.2.1 Preference Temperature Brown trout in Lake Ontario are reported to prefer shoal areas and shallow water; they remain close to shore during the spring and fall (NYSDEC, 1975).
In July and August they may be found just offshore in waters at preferred temperatures, 15.5 0 C (59.9 0 F) or a range of 10-18 C (50-64.4°F).
This preference range contains the 12.4-17.6 C (54.3-63.7 F) range reported by Tait (in Ferguson, 1958) for brown trout of Age II and older.
Spigarelli et. al. (1974) report capturing brown trout in and near the discharge plume at Point Beach Nuclear Plant during August.
Body temperatures of most trout (13 specimens) were within the final preferred range, while a few (2) acquired temperatures between 19 and 20 0 C (66.2 and 68 0 F).
Trout taken by local anglers at Point Beach between August and October, all had body temperatures lower than that of the maximum discharge, despite the fact that most were caught from water at maximum discharge temperature.
Possible ex planations offered by Spigarelli and associates are, (1) trout were either orienting to a reduced-temperature area and briefly foraging into the warmer discharge water, and/or (2) they were regulating their body temperatures by moving between warm and cool areas.
3.3.9.2.2 Swimming Abilities Blaxter and Dickson (1959) provide some data on the swimming abilities 3.3-42
(primarily maximum speed) of brown trout as a function of temper ature (note Table 3.3-5).
Judging from the author's methodology, speeds observed reflect darting speed, or that which can be main tained for a few seconds.
Young trout appear capable of darting from 9.1 body lengths per second (bl/s) at temperatures in excess of 15 C (59 F),
to 6.5 bl/s below 10 0 C (50 0 F).
One specimen tested at 10-15 0 C (50-59°F) darted at a speed of 11 bl/s.
Given these data one could expect small brown trout (20 cm (7.9 in.)
in length) to make brief forays into plume waters flowing about 4 to 7.6 fps; however, they could not maintain themselves in these waters for a sufficient duration to become acclimated.
Unfortunate ly, data do not appear readily available for sustaining and cruising speeds of brown trout.
3.3-43
3.3.9.3 Attraction Index Attraction indices for brown trout for 1969 through 1975 are listed on Table 3.3-3(7).
There were no captures of brown trout until 1974, so only data for 1974 and 1975 are presented on the table.
Brown trout captures in 1974 and 1975 shore gill nets occurred mainly during the spring and fall; there was one study in winter 1975 and brown trout were captured then.
In the comparisons between the plume and E-0 shore there were five studies when the brown trout were attracted to the plume, two studies when brown trout were neutrally attracted to the plume, and one case when they avoided the plume.
The case when plume avoidance occurred was during the one winter study.
Among the two studies when neutral attraction occurred, one occurred when the plume temperature was in the preferred range (Table 3.3-4) and E-0 shore was not, the other oc curred when the temperatures at the plume were in excess of the preferred range and the E-0 shore range was in the pre ferred range.
In three of the cases where attraction occurred, the plume temperature was in excess of the preferred range.
In the comparisons of the plume net with E-2 shore there were five studies when attraction occurred to the plume, and five when avoidance occurred.
Of the five studies where attraction occurred, two occurred when temperatures at the plume were in excess of the brown trout's preferred temperature range.
As pointed out for other species a vertical thermal gradient generally exists at net locations within the area of influ 3.3-44
ence of the plume, so that the temperatures listed for the various nets actually indicate the high end of the gradient.
It has also been pointed out by Spigarelli et al (1974) that brown trout may move in and out of a thermal discharge and behaviorally thermoregulate to a temperature less than that of the discharge.
3.3-45
3.3.9.4 Spawning and Nursery Areas Brown trout spawn in late autumn to early winter.
Mansell (1966) reported that spawning activities of the brown trout started about October 15 and continued through early November, during which period water temperatures were between 6.7 -
8.9*C (44o-48OF).
Spawning require ments are basically shallow gravelly headwaters, but Eddy and Surber (1960) noted that, although they entered Lake Superior streams in October and November to spawn, many spawned on rocky reefs along the shore.
No ob servations of spawning brown trout, or of brown trout eggs or larvae have been made at Ginna between 1969 and 1975.
3.3.9.5 Trends in Yearly Fluctuation Numbers of brown trout at Ginna have been characteristi cally low with a significant increase in 1974 and 1975, Figure 3.3-3.
These changes are significant P<0.02, Table 3.3-7.
Although numbers are increasing of late due to increased stocking (NYSDEC, 1975),
there has been no indication that the Ginna plume is adversely affecting the population of brown trout.
3.3-46
3.3.10 Fish Community Characteristics
- Odum (1971) defines the community(as quoted by EPA (1974) as any:
"assemblage of populations living in a prescribed area or physical -habitat; it is an organized unit to the extent that it has characteristics additional to its individual and population components and functions as a unit through coupled metabolic transformations.
Communities not only have a definite functional unit with charac teristic trophic structures and patterns of energy flow, but they also have compositional units in that there is a certain probability that certain species will occur together."
The species chosen as RIS fish for the Ginna site fish community are described in the previous RIS sections (sections 3.3.1 through 3.3.7).
Fish food studies (RG&E, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1977) have shown that these populations are metabolically linked providing passage of energy and essential nutrients from one trophic level to another.
Three of the RIS fish species (alewife, smelt, and spottail shiner) are forage fish and extensively utilized as food by piscivorous species.
The other four RIS fish species are piscivores.
These are the white perch, smallmouth bass, coho salmon, and brown trout.
The fish food reports show that the above named piscivores feed upon the three forage fish RIS species.
The RIS fish species constitute major components of the metaboli cally (energetically) linked fish community.
The phrase dealing with compositional unity also applies to descriptions of the RIS - Fish.
As exemplified by the fish 3.3-47
abundance and distribution data supplied for Section 3.3 (Tables 3.3-6(1) through 3.3-6(7)) and by the fish impingement data (RG&E, 1974b, 1975c, 1976), there is widespread co-occurrence of the major fish species and especially among a number of the RIS species.
These co-occurrences generally appear as the classical warm water and cold water species assemblages.
The most well known characteristics found at the community level but not found at any lower level of organization is species diversity.
There has been some controversy over which diversity index is appropriate; however, the most commonly used are the Brillouin and Shannon-Weaver indices (Poole, 1974).
These have been calculated for the fish community for the years 1973 through 1975 and are provided on Table 3.3-8.
A statistical comparison of Shannon-Weaver index values to compare nets in and out of the plume was possible by means of a t-test.
Values were calculated as outlined by Poole (1974) and probabilities are listed on Tables 3.3-9 and 3.3-10.
Tests show that comparisons of the plume net catch species diversity with that of the E-2 shore net (Control at comparable location) for each year showed no consis tent trend of higher diversity at E-2.
For example, in 1973 there were six cases where there were statistically significant differences in species diversity between the two locations.
Of these, four. were when the E-2 catch had a higher diversity than the plume and two were when the plume had a higher diversity than E-2; that is, E-2 had a significantly higher diversity in four of 18 studies conducted.
In 1974 there were seven studies out of 30 in which the E-2 diversity was significantly 3.3-48
higher than the plume.
In 1975, 18 studies were conducted when the plant was on-line.
Of these, there were five studies in which E-2 had statistically significant higher species diversity than the plume.
Examining differences in species diversity lakeward of the shore requires comparison between captures at the E-0 and E-2 transects.
At the 15 foot (4.6 meter) top net location the E-0 net is subject to the influence of the thermal plume and the E-2 net is not.
Comparisons of species diversity at the 15 foot (4.6 meter) top locations for 1973 through 1975 show 11 cases where there were statistically significant differ ences out of a total of 37 comparisons.
Of the 11 statistically significant differences, the E-0 location had a higher diversity in seven of the cases, and E-2 in four.
Clearly, there is no statistical trend of lowered diversity associated with plume influenced locations.
Community structure as evidenced by species diversity clearly does not show degrada tion at plume influenced locations.
In addition, there are clearly metabolic linkage of the fish community and compositional unity.
3.3.10.1 Relative Distribution and Abundance As discussed in the text of Section 3.3, there are definite trends in abundance and distribution of the fish species at, and around, the Ginna Site.
Figures 3.3-1 and 3.3-2 show, especially well, variations in abundance, both seasonally and with distance from shore (depth).
These figures are based on means for the catch per unit effort data presented in Tables 3.3-6(1) through 3.3-6(7).
In order of relative numerical 3.3-49
abundance the RIS - Fish have been alewife, white perch, spottail shiner, smelt, smallmouth bass, brown trout, and coho salmon.
This abundance represents, generally, the period April through November.
All species examined showed both definite changes in abundance with season and with depth with season.
These changes are influenced by water temperature, photoperiod, and inate behavior of the various fish species, as detailed by both fish netting records (RGE,
- 1969, 1970, 1971,
- 1972, 1973, 1977) and fish impingement records (RGE, 1974b, 1975c, 1976).
Detection of relative fish abundance by echo-sounding (RG&E,
- 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1977) show certain characteristics of the fish community.
These include the following:
many fish, especially some of the larger ones, remain near the bottom during the day and rise to near the surface at night; often, during the warmer months, schools of fish remained offshore; there was reduced abundance of fish in the nearshore area around the plume; and during periods of heavy wind and wave activity fish moved off-shore into deeper water.
3.3-50
Summary Discussion Subsections 3.3.1 through 3.3.9 discuss the RIS fish species in detail, giving information on spawning and nursery areas, attrac tion and avoidance of the thermal plume, and information on abundance and distribution of each RIS fish species.
The follow ing subsections summarize the overall fish community relationships in terms of spawning and nursery areas, attraction to thermal plume, and trends in yearly fluctuations.
3.3.10.2.1 Spawning and Nursery Areas Information on egg abundance has been reported in RG&E, 1975b Appendix A-74.1-3.
It was shown in that report that the number of fish eggs drops off dramatically with depth.
It was con cluded further that large numbers of eggs were found in scattered aggregates from May through July.
The variance/mean ratio (Fisher's coefficient) gave a ratio of 26,683.57, indicating very large, highly dispersed clumps of eggs.
A large number of samples taken contained no eggs whatsoever.
Eggs were generally not taxonomically identified except those assumed to be johnny darters, which were found in the benthic samplers in 1975 (RG&E, 1977).
There was no information to suggest that the Ginna Site was particularly selected as a spawning or nursery area by any species over any other site on the south shore of Lake Ontario.
Identification of some larvae identified a number of species that may be using areas at or near the Ginna Site for spawning.
Larvae of the following species were identified:
smelt, sculpin, 3.3-51 3.3.10.2
alewife, darters, white sucker, white perch, and shiners.
In May 1974 smelt and white sucker larvae were captured in relatively small numbers.
In June the largest number of larvae captured and identified were white perch, followed by sculpin, alewife, and darters.
In July reduced numbers of sculpins and darters were caught.
These larvae were sampled by use of a benthic pump method.
Since the larvae were sampled during the daylight hours, night-active species should have been found on the bottom and thus adequately sampled by the benthic pump.
Consistent with this, there were very few fish larvae detected in larval net tows at the surface and mid-water depths made during these periods.
Carlander (1970) further states that the larvae of pelagic species (such as alewives) tend to remain close to the bottom and near shore until they have matured sufficiently, after which the larvae become positively phototropic and rise in the water column proceeding lakeward.
It may be summarized that while the area around the Ginna Site is undoubtedly used for spawning for a number of reasons, it does not constitute a preferred or extensively used spawning area in comparison with other areas along the south shore of the lake.
Neither then, is it used as an important nursery ground in comparison with other areas along the south shore of Lake Ontario.
3.3.10.2.2 Attraction to Thermal Plume RIS fish species show varying degrees of attraction and avoid ance of the thermal plume during the course of the year.
This 3.3-52
is shown by examination of data on the distribution and abundance of fish in and around the thermal plume and the use of the attraction index as explained in the text of Section 3.3.
All species appear to behave in good agreement with their thermal preferenda and migratory instincts.
Fish species were found to be attracted to thermally affected locations when those nets had temperatures present, at, or near their thermal preferenda.
Many net locations also showed vertical thermal gradients so that a fish could find its preferenda by adjusting its depth.
Other mechanisms of behavioral thermoregulation are also available, as pointed out for salmonids by Spigarelli et al (1974).
In that case, salmonids were noted to move in and out of the thermal plume in order to keep their body temperature above ambient water temperature but below that of the highest plume temperature available.
3.3.10.2.3 Trends in Yearly Fluctuations There has been considerable variation in the yearly fluctua tion of some species.
This is as expected; Lake Ontario is a dynamic system in a state of constant change.
Examination of Figure 3.3-3 clearly shows changes in mean catch per unit effort for each year.
The alewife shows the greatest fluctuations in magnitude of all species examined.
This was quite expected.
The instability of the alewife populations of the Great Lakes is quite well known.
Brown (1968),
for example, found large scale fluctuations in alewife numbers for Lake 3.3-53
Colby (1971),
Smith (1968),
and Brown (1968) detail possible reasons and results for the large scale die-offs which occur, including such things as natural cold shock and fungus attacks.
Recent introductions of salmonids known to feed heavily upon alewives will obviously also affect the population size.
It may be seen that in the seven years of studies con ducted that alewives went from a peak in 1969 to a minimum in 1970 and back to a peak in 1975.
This may be a cyclic fluctua tion as that described for Lake Michigan alewives by Brown (1968).
As mentioned above, there are a variety of salmonids being stocked in Lake Ontario by New York State and the Province of Ontario.
These include two of the RIS - Fish, i.e.,
brown trout and coho salmon.
It is expected that with continued stocking numbers found at most sites around the lake will increase and the Ginna Site will be no exception.
In Figure 3.3-3 both species show general increases from 1973 onward.
Both spottail shiners and smelt are used as forage by the piscivorous fish including white perch, smallmouth bass, coho salmon, and brown trout.
These three species also are competitors of the alewife as well as certain other species.
The population of such species will obviously be influenced by the effects of both predation and competition.
Figure 3.3-3 shows some change for both species over the course of the studies.
It is interesting to note that the highest numbers of spottail shiners found occurred during the 1974 year when alewife numbers were relatively low and that the number of 3.3-54
shiners have been declining over the past few years while the alewife abundance has been increasing.
The numbers of smelt captured may actually be somewhat biased by both the weather in a given year and how early into the spring and late into the fall fish net studies were done in a particular year.
Smelt are a cold water species which is usually not found near shore when water temperatures are warm.
Smallmouth bass have shown a general increase around the Ginna Site during the years studies.
The smallmouth bass is a highly desired game fish and a piscivore, as well as being able to naturally reproduce in the lake.
Increases in the populations of smallmouth bass must be considered to be highly desirable.
White perch have shown some year-to-year fluctuation.
This is quite understandable in that it is a competitor of smallmouth bass, brown trout, and coho salmon.
In addition there have been general increases in the numbers of white bass in Lake Ontario.
This has been seen also in fish impingement results at Ginna (RGE, 1974b, 1975c, 1976).
White bass have similar food habits as white perch and may be considered to be competitive with them.
It is clear that there are a variety of factors affecting the population of white perch at the Ginna Site.
It should also be mentioned here that fish tag results (RGE, 1977) show that white perch do not remain at the site but are instead transient and, therefore, more rightly classified as members of a commu nity encompassing large areas of the south shore of Lake Ontario.
Yearly fluctuations may be summarized as having no clearcut 3.3-55
trends but rather reflecting a multitude of factors including weather, competition, predation, and in the case of alewives (intrinsic instability of populations).
Year-to-year variation is quite marked and no direct effects attributable to any one cause may be seen at the Ginna Site.
3.3-56
LIST OF REFERENCES CHAPTER 3 Bainbridge, R.
1958.
The speed of swimming of fish as related to size and to the frequency and amplitude of the tail beat.
J.
Exp. Biol., 35: 109-133.
- Barans, C.
A.,
and R.
A.
Tubb.
1973.
Temperatures selected season ally by four fishes from Western Lake Erie.
J.
Fish. Res. Bd.
Can.
30: 1697-1703.
Bell, M. C. 1973.
Fisheries handbook of engineering requirements and biological criteria.
U. S.
Army Corps of Engineers.
North Pacific Division.
Blaxter, J.
H. S.,
and W. Dickson. 1959.
Observations on the swimming speeds of fish.
J.
Du Conseil. Cons. Perm. Int. Explor.
24: 472-479.
Brett, J.
R. 1952.
Temperature tolerance in young Pacific Salmon, Genus (Oncorhynchus).
J.
Fish. Bd. Can.
9: 265-323.
Brett, J.
R. 1969.
Resume -
Temperature and fish.
Chesapeake Science Vol.
10 (3 & 4): 275-276.
Brett, J.
R.,
M. Hollands, and D.
F. Alderdice.
195P.
The effect of temperature on the cruising speed of young sockeye and coho salmon.
J.
Fish. Res.
Bd. Canada, 15 (4): 587-605.
3.3-57
LIST OF REFERENCES (Cont'd)
CHAPTER 3 Brown, E.H. Jr., 1968.
Population characteristics and physical condition of alewives, Alosa pseudoharengus, in a massive die off in Lake Michigan, 1967. Great Lakes Fish Comm. tech. Rep.
13: 1-20.
Burbidae, R.
C.
1969.
Age-growth, length-weight relationship, sex ratio, and food habits of American Smelt, (Osmerus mordax),
Mitchell, Gull Lake, Michigan, Trans.
Am. Fish. Soc. 98: 631-690.
Carlander, K.D. 1970.
Handbook of freshwater fishery biology.
Vol.
Cherry, D.S., K.L. Dickson, and J. Cairns Jr. 1975.
Temperatures selected and avoided by fish at various acclimation temperatures.
J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 32: 485-491.
Clemens, H.P. 1950, Life cycle and ecology of Gammarus fasciatus Say.
The Franz Theodore Stone Inst. Hydrobiol., Contrib. #12, Ohio State Unviersity.
- Coble, D.W. 1975.
Smallmouth bass. In: Black Bass Biology and Management.
Sport Fishing Institute, Washington, D.C. p. 21-33.
Colby, P.J. 1973.
Response of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) to environmental change. In: Walter Chavin (ed.) Responses of fish to environmental changes. C.C. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.
Coutant, C.C. 1975.
Responses of bass to natural and artifical temperature regimes. In: Black Bass Biology and Management.
Sport Fishing Institute, Washington, D.C. p.272-285.
3.3-58
LIST OF REFERENCES (Cont'd)
CHAPTER 3 Dominy, C.L. 1973.
Effect of entrance-pool weir elevation and fish density on passage of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) in a
pool and weir fishway.
Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc.,
102 (2): 398-404.
- Eddy, S.
and T. Surber, 1960.
Northern Fishes with special reference to the upper Mississippi Valley. Rev. ed. C.T. Branford, Co.
Mass, 276p Engel, R.,
1975.
Final Report on the Sea Grant Project Larval Fish of the Near Shore Zone of Lake Ontario DuringC 1974.
Environmental Protection Agency.
1974 316(a) Technical guidance thermal discharges. Draft. September 30, 1974.
Ferguson R.G. 1958.
The preferred temperature of fish and their midsummer distribution in temperate lakes and streams.
J. Fish.
Res.
Bd.
Can. 15: 607-624.
- Ferguson, R. G. 1965.
Bathymetric distribution of American smelt, Osmerus mordax, in Lake Erie.
Gr. Lakes.
Res. Div. Univ. Mich.
Publ. 13:47-60.
Fry, F.
E.
J.
1964.
Animals in aquatic environments: fishes.
In:
Handbook of Physiology, Section 4: adaptation to the environment.
Amer. Physiol. Soc., Chapter 44: 715-728.
Galligan, J.
P.
1962.
Depth distribution of lake trout and asso ciated species in Cayuga Lake, New York.
N.Y. Fish and Game Jour.,
9 (1): 44-68.
Griffiths, J.
S.,
and D. F. Alderdice. 1972.
Effects of acclimation and acute temperature experience on the swimming speed of juvenile coho salmon.
J.
Fish. Res.
Bd. Canada 29: 251-264.
3.3-59
LIST OF REFERENCES (Cont'd)
CHAPTER 3 Herbst, R.P. 1969.
Ecological factors and distribution of Cladophora glomerata in the Great Lakes.
Amer. Mid. Nat.,
82 (1): 90-98.
Hutchison, V.H.
1976.
Factors influencing thermal tolerances of individual organisms. In:
Thermal Ecology II.
- p. 10-26.
Edited by Gerald. W. Esch and Robert W. McFarlane.
Technical Information Center, Energy Research and Development Administration CONF-750425.
Ivlev, V.S. 1961.
Experimental Ecology of the Feeding of Fishes, Yale Unviversity Press, New Haven, CT.,
302 pp.
King, L.
R. 1970.
Supplementary results of swimming speed and endurance studies on white perch as determined by the Beamish Respirometer.
Ichthyological Associates, Ithaca, N.Y. for Consoli dated Edison Co. of N.Y.,
Inc.
- Larimore, R.
W.,
and M. J.
Duever. 1968.
Effects of temperature acclimation on the swimming ability of smallmouth bass fry.
Trans.
Amer. Fish. Soc.,
97: 175-184.
MacCallan, W. R.,
and H. A. Regeir. 1970.
Distribution of Smelt, Osmerus mordax, and the smelt fishery in Lake Erie in the early 1960's.
J.
Fish. Res.
Bd. Can. 27: 1823-41.
Mansell, W.D.,
1966.
Brown trout in Southwestern Ontario.
Out.
Fish wildlife. Rev. 5(2): 3-8.
Meldrim, J.
W.,
and J.
J.
Gift. 1971.
Temperature preference, avoidance and shock experiments with estuarine fishes.
Ichthyol ogical Assoc.,
Bull.
7,
- p.
75, Middletown, Delaware.
Miller, R.W. and D.J. DeMont.
1974.
Fisheries Research.
IN: Jensen, L.D.
(1974)., Environmental Responses to Thermal Discharges from Marshall Steam Station, Lake Norman, North Carolina, EPRI, Palo,Alto, CA.
3.3-60
LIST OF REFERENCES (Cont'd)
CHAPTER 3 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 1975.
Fishing Lake Ontario for salmon and trout. 10p.
New York State Electric and Gas Corp. 1974.
Cayuga Station Application to the New York State Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment.
Neil, J.H.,
and G.E.
Owen.
1964.
Distribution, environmental requirements and significance of Cladophora in the Great Lakes.
Great Lakes. Res. Div.,
Univ. Michigan Pub. No.
- 11.
Niagara Mohawk Power Corp. 1975. 1974 Nine Mile Point Aguatic Ecology Studies, Prepared by Lawler, Matusky and Skelly Eng.
Otto, R.G. M.A. Kitchel, and J.O. Rice. 1976.
Lethal and preferred temperatures of the alewife (Alosa pseudohargenus) in Lake Michigan.
Trans.
Am. Fish. Soc.,
1: 96-106.
Poole, R.W.
1974.
An Introduction to Quantitative Ecology McGraw -
Hill New York, N.Y.
- Raney, E.
1965.
Some pan fishes of New York --
yellow perch, white perch, white bass and freshwater drum.
Conservationist, 19(5): 22-28.
Ruetter, J.
M.,
and C.
E.
Herdendorf.
1974.
Laboratory estimates of seasonal temperature preferences of Lake Erie fish species.
Federal Aid Project, F-41-R.
Reutter, J.
M.,
and C.
E. Herdendorf. 1974(a).
Laboratory estimates of the seasonal final temperature preferenda of some Lake Erie fish.
Proc. 17th Conf. Great Lakes Res: 59-67.
Internat.
Assoc. Great Lakes Res.
3.3-61
LIST OF REFERENCES (Cont'd)
CHAPTER 3 Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation 1969 Reports on Aquatic Ecological Studies at the Ginna Site conducted during 1968.
Con sists of reports on Benthic studies, Fish Net studies and Echo Sounding Studies.
Prepared by J.F. Storr, Ph.D.
1970 Reports on Aquatic Ecological Studies at the Ginna Site conducted during 1969.
Consists of reports on Plankton Studies, Benthic Studies, Fish Net Studies and Echo-Sounding Studies (including summary of 1968-1969 Echo-Sounding studies.
Prepared by J.F. Storr, Ph.D.
1971 Ecological Studies of Cooling Water Discharge.
Includes:
Part 1 -
Summary of Ecological Effects and Changes Re sulting From Introduction of Thermal Discharge; Part 2 Plankton Studies; Part 3 - Fish Net Survey; Part 4-Benthic Studies; Part 5-Fish Food Preference; Part 6-Fish Distribu tion Studies.
Prepared by J.F. Storr, Ph.D.
1972 Ecological Studies of Cooling Water Discharge 1971. Includes:
Part 1 -
Summary of Ecological Effects and Changes Re sulting From Introduction of Thermal Discharge; Part 2 Plankton Studies; Part 3 - Fish Net Survey; Part 4 - Benthic Studies; Part 5 - Fish Food Preference; Part 6 -
Fish Dis tribution Studies.
Prepared by J.F. Storr, Ph.D.
- 1973 Ecological Studies of Cooling Water Discharge 1972. Includes:
Part 1 -
Summary of Ecological Effects and Changes Re sulting From Introduction of Thermla Discharge; Part 2 Plankton Studies; Part 3 - Fish Net Survey; Part 4 - Benthic Studies; Part 5 -
Fish Food Preference; Part 6 -
Fish Dis tribution Studies.
Prepared by J.F. Storr, Ph.D.
3.3-62
LIST OF REFERENCES (Cont'd)
CHAPTER 3 1974a Fish Entrainment Through Water Intakes in Lake Ontario.
Prepared by Sudesco Systems Inc. and John F. Storr, Ph.D.
5 7p.
1974b Impingement Study Summary, Ginna Nuclear Power Station For 1973, and Fish Impingement Studies Ginna Nuclear Power Station, 1973 Report.
Prepared by J.F. Storr Ph.D.
1975a Sterling Power Project, Nuclear Unit No.
- 1. FWPCA 316(a) and (b) Demonstration 1975b Application by RG&E to the New York State Board on Electric Generation Siting and the Environment - Case 80005 1975c Reports on Fish Impingement Studies and Survival Rates after Impingement at the Ginna Nuclear Power Station for the Period January-December 1974.
Prepared by J.F. Storr, Ph.D.
1976 Fish Impingement Studies, Ginna Nuclear Power Station 1975.
Prepared by J.F. Storr, Ph.D.
1977 Ecological Studies of Cooling Water Discharge, 1973-1975 Includes:
Summary of Ecological Effects Resulting from a Thermal Discharge; Plankton Studies, Benthic Studies Fish Net Studies, Echo-Sounding Studies, Fish Food Pre ference Studies, Fish Impingement Studies, Entrainment Studies, Tagging Studies.
Prepared by J.F. Storr, Ph.D.
Scott, W.B.,
and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada.
Fish. Res.
Bd. Canada. Bul. 184. Ottawa, Canada.
3.3-63
LIST OF REFERENCES (Cont'd)
CHAPTER 3 Sheri, A.N. 1968.
Growth dynamics of White Perch, Roccus americanus, during colonization of the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario.
Univ. Waterloo, Ph.D. Thesis, pp 366 Sheri, A.N. and G. Power, 1968.
Reproduction of White Perch, 0
Rkccus americanus, in the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario./X.
Res.
Bd. Can. 25(10):2225-2231.
Smith, S.H. 1968.
That little pest, the alewife.
Limnos 1: 12-20.
Spigarelli, S.A.,
G.P. Romberg, W. Prepejchal, and M.M.
Thommes.
1974.
Body-temperature characteristics of fish at a thermal discharge on Lake Michigan. In:
Thermal Ecology. P. 119-132.
Edited by J.
Whitfield GiIbons and Pebecca R. Sharitz. Technical Information Center, U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. CONF-730505.
Stone and Webster, 1976. Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation Rochester Gas and Electric Corporation.
First Interim Progress Report Studies to Alleviate Potential Fish Entrainment Problems at Lake Ontario Power Plant Intakes.
Van den Hoek, C.
1963.
Revision of the European species of Cladophora.
E.J. Brill Co., Leiden, pp. 249.
Wells, L.
1968.
Seasonal depth distribution of fish in southeastern Lake Michigan.
U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Fish. Bull. 67: 1-15.
Wells, L.,
and R.
House.
1974.
Life history of the spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius) in southeastern Lake Michigan, the Kalamazoo River, and Western Lake Erie.
U. S.
Bureau Sport Fish. and Wild life, Res. Rept. No.
78: 1-10.
3.3-64
Table 3.3-1 Overall Abundance (1969-1975) of RIS by species (Catch/Unit Effort)
SPECIES ABUNDANCE Alewife 23.505 White perch 12.471 Spottail shiner 6.986 Rainbow smelt 0.871 Smallmouth bass 0.635 Brown trout 0.080 Coho salmon 0.055
TABLE 3.3-2 Attraction Index Water Temperatures for Net Locations Sampled in °C (OF) 1969-1975 Study Plume 1969 May ++
June Aug+
Nov+
1970 Jun 2-5 Jul 14-17 Aug 25-28 Oct 25-29 1971 Jun 15-18 Jul 13,15-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 Jun 5-8*
Jul 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 1973 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 28 22-25 12-15 10-16 7-10 11 2-5 31.1(88.0) 18.6(65.5) 14.6(58.3) 25.5(77.9) 30.0(86.0) 24.9(76.8) 11.8(53.2) 24.6(76.3) 28.6(83.4) 25.5(77.9) 14.6 (58.3) 16.5(61.7) 24.4(75.9) 31.9(89.4) 32.8(91.0) 31.4(88.5) 23.8(74.8)
E-0 Shore E-2 Shore Shore Net++
17.7(63.9) 22.9(73.3) 11.2(52.2) 9.3(48.8) 16.6(61.9) 21.3(70.4) 16.8(62.3) 12.4 (54.3) 20.2(68.3) 22.1(71.8) 17.4(63.4) 9.2(48.5) 10.7(51.3) 16.9(62.4) 23.8(74.8) 23.2(73.7) 12.9(55.2)
++No attraction indices calculated.
++No designation of E-0 or E-2 in data.
- Plant down.
- No temperature data due to high waves.
-- No temperature data available.
10.3(50.5) 18.6(65.5) 22.6(72.7) 15.6(60.0) 12.7(54.9) 19.9(67.9) 19.6(67.3) 18.5(65.3) 8.8(47.8) 10.9(51.6) 17.5(63.5) 22.2(72.0) 23.7(74.6) 12.9(55.3)
Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-2 (continued)
Study 1974 Apr Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 18-22 25-26 21-24 19-20 16-20 20-23 24-27 22-25 23 1975 Feb 25 (Out of Plume)
May 20-30*
Jun 24-27*+
Jun 27+
Jul 9-12 Aug 5++
Aug 19-22++
Sep 16-19 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 Plume 6.9(44.4) 10.7(51.3) 14.0(57.2) 19.8(67.6) 27.8(82.0) 30.5(86.9) 26.1(79.0) 17.6(63.7) 14.4(57.9) 1.7(35.1) 16.5(61.7) 19.3(66.7) 19.3(66.7) 32.0(89.6) 31.9(89.4) 31.9(89.4) 26.5(79.7) 21.5(70.7) 21.3(70.3)
E-0 Shore 8.9(48.1) 15.9(60.6) 22.9(73.3) 22.1(71.7) 19.7(67.5) 17.4 (63.3) 18.6(65.5) 18.6(65.5) 22.3(72.1) 20.4(68.7) 20.4(68.7) 14.6(58.3) 10.9(51.6) 7.7(45.9)
E-2 Shore 8.1(46.6) 15.3(59.4) 22.4(72.3) 20.2(68.3) 14.3(57.7) 17.6(63.7) 19.3(66.7) 19.3(66.7) 22.2(72.0) 23.6(74.5) 23.6(74.5) 17.1(62.8) 13.9(57.0) 10.0(50.0)
- Plant down.
- No tLAperature data due to high waves.
+Average for June (June 24-27 and June 27, 1975).
Average for August (August 5 and August 19-22, 1975).
Sheet2
TABLE 3.3-3(1)
Alewife Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Study Plume vs E-0 Shore 1969 May 14,16,20+
Jun 24-27+
Aug 27-29+
Nov 10-12+
1970 Jun 2-5*++
Jul 14-17**++
Aug 25-28 Oct 25-29 1971 Jun 15-18 Jul 13,15-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 Jun 5-8***
Jul 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 1973 Apr 28 May 22-25 Jun 12-15 Jul 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5
-0.27
-0.77
+0.39
-0.19
-0.86
-0.17
-0.25
-0.11
-0.54
-0.44
-0.95
+0.09
-0.61
-0.43
-0.60
-0.91
- June not included in report.
- No numbers/net/day/transect table
- Plant down.
+Only one transect run each month; attraction indices.
++No plume nets set.
Plume vs E-2 Shore
-0.20
-0.25
+0.89
+0.67
-0.07
+0.47
-0.18
+0.61
+0.63
-0.21
-0.96
+0.12
-0.91
-0.50
-0.67
-0.84 for July in report.
therefore, cannot calculate Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-3 (1) (continued)
Study Plume vs E-0 Shore
+0.16
-0.77
+0.08
+0.16
-0.89
-0.83
-0.52
+0.63
-0.77
-0.73
+0.94
-0.88
-0.90
-0.56
-1.00
-1.00
+In plume vs out of plume attraction index for February 25, 1975, equals -1.00.
Plume vs W-1 shore rather than Plume vs E-2 shore.
- Plant down.
Sheet 2 Plume vs E-2 Shore
-0.34
-0.62
+0.30
+0.67
-0.72
-0.67
+0.04
-0.16
-1.00++
-0.66
-0.61
-0.66
+0.40
-0.33
-0.63
-0.61
-1.00
-1.00 1974 Apr Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov 1975 Feb May Jun Jun Jul Aug I Aug I Sep I Oct I Nov 4 18-22 25-26 21-24 19-20 16-20 20-23 24-27 22-25 23 25 +
20-30*
24-27*
?7
)-12 L9-22 L6-19
.4-15 1-7
TABLE 3.3-3(2)
Rainbow Smelt Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Study Plume vs E-0 Shore Plume vs E-2 Shore 1969 May 14,16,20+
Jun 24-27+
Aug 27-29+
Nov 10-12+
1970 Jun 2-5++
Jul 14-17 ++..
Aug 25-28 Oct 25-29 1971 Jun 15-18
-1.00 Jul 13,15-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30
+0.07
-0.30 1972 Jun 5-8*
+0.74
+0.60 Jul 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28
-1.00
-1.00 1973 Apr 28 May 22-25
-0.89
-0.85 Jun 12-15 00 Jul 10-1.6 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5
-1.00
-1.00
+Only one transect run each month; therefore, cannot calculate attraction indices.
++No plume nets set.
- Plant down.
Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-3(2) (continued)
Study Plume vs E-0 Shore
-0.08
-0.42
+0.25
+1.00
-0.23
+1.00
-0.32
-1.00
-1.00
+In plume vs out of plume attraction index for February 25,
++1975, equals --.
+Plume vs W-shore rather than Plume vs E-2 shore.
- Plant down.
Sheet 2 Plume vs E-2 Shore
+0.76
-0.43
+0.47
+1.00
-0.88
+1.00++
0.00
-1.00
-1.00 1974 Apr Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep 1 Oct Nov 1975 Feb May Jun Jun Jul S Aug 5 Aug I Sep 1 Oct 1 Nov 4 18-22 25-26 21-24 19-20 L6-20 20-23
?4-27
?2-25 23 5 +
20-30" 24-27*
27
)-12
.9-22
.6-19
.4-15
'-7
TABLE 3.3-3(3)
SDottail Shiner Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Plume vs E-0 Shore Plume vs E-2 Shore 1969 May 14,16,20+
Jun 24-27+
Aug 27-29+
Nov 10-12+
1970 Jun 2-5++
Jul 14-17 Aug 25-28 Oct 25-29 1971 Jun Jul Aug Sep 15-18 13,15-17 10-14 27-30 1972 Jun 5-8*
Jul 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 1973 Apr 28 May 22-25 Jun 12-15 Jul 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5
+Only one transect run each month;
+attraction indices.
+No plume nets set.
- Plant down.
therefore, cannot calculate Sheet 1 Study
-1.00
-0.56
-0.86
-0.89
+0.09
+0.55
-0.46
+0.46
-0.81
-0.51
+0.25
+0.33
-0.28
+0.60
-0.74 0.00
-0.74
-0.89
-0.60
-0.92
-1.00
+0.50
-0.85
-0.90
+0.52
+1.00
+1.00
-0.54
TABLE 3.3-3 (3)
(continued)
Study 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 May 21-24 Jun 19-20 Jul 16-20 Aug 20-23 Sep 24-27 Oct 22-25 Nov 23 1975 Feb 25+
May 20-30*
Jun 24-27*
Jun 27 Jul 9-12 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 Sep 16-19 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 Plume vs E-0 Shore
+0.02
-0.16
+0.28
+0.32
-0.26
-1.00
-0.43
-0.54
+1.00
-0.05
+0.57
+0.80
-1.00
-0.89
-0.35
-0.88 0.00 Plume vs E-2 Shore
-0.20
-0.74
+0.02
-0.31
-0.21
-1.00
-0.29 0.00 0.00++
+0.19
+0.86
+1.00
-0.27
-1.00
-0.71
-0.52
-0.87
-0.43
+In plume vs out of plume.attraction index for February 25,
++1975, equals +1.00.
Plume vs W-1 shore rather than Plume vs E-2 shore.
- Plant down.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-3(4)
White Perch Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Study Plume vs E-0 Shore 1969 May 14,16 20+
Jun 24-27T Aug 27-29+
Nov 10-12+
1970 Jun 2-5++
Jul 14-17++
Aug 25-28 Oct 25-29 1971 Jun 15-18 Jul 13,15-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 Jun 5-8*
Jul 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 1973 Apr 28 May 22-25 Jun 12-15 Jul 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5
-0.36
-0.55
+0.44
-0.22
+0.16
+0.49
-0.43
-0.14
+0.38
-0.23
+0.44
-0.30
+0.50
+0.01
-0.05
-0.47 Plume vs E-2 Shore
-0.22
-0.78
+0.65
-0.37
+0.02
+0.80
+0.07
+0.09
+0.34
+0.35
+0.50
-0.13
+0.43
+0.11
+0.60
-0.50
+Only one transect run each month; therefore, cannot calculate
+attraction indices.
+No plume nets set.
- Plant down.
Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-3(4) (continued)
Study Plume vs E-0 Shore 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 May 21-24 Jun 19-20 Jul 16-20 Aug 20-23 Sep 24-27 Oct 22-25 Nov 23 1975 Feb 25+
May 20-30*
Jun 24-27*
Jun 27 Jul 9-12 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 Sep 16-19 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7
-0.57
-0.23
+0.28
-0.08
+0.02
-0.12
-0.31
+0.53
-0.05
-0.01 0.00
-0.24
-0.46
-0.23
+0.33
+0.24
+1.00 Plume vs E-2 Shore
-0.23
+1.00
+0.20
-0.07
+0.24
-0.29
-0.37
+0.53
-0.14++
+0.16
-0.27
-0.11
-0.18
-0.62
-0.13
+0.38
+0.24 0.00
+In plume vs out of plume attraction index for February 25,
+1975, equals -1.00.
Plume vs W-1 shore rather than Plume vs E-2 shore.
- Plant down.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-3(5)
Smallmouth Bass Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Study 1969 May 14,16,20+
Jun 24-27+
Aug 27-29+
Nov 10-12+
1970 Jun 2-5++
Jul 14-17++
Aug 25-28 Oct 25-29 1971 Jun 15-18 Jul 13,15-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 Jun 5-8*
Jul 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 1973 Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct 28 22-25 12-15 10-16 7-10 11 2-5 Plume vs E-0 Shore
+0.67
+1.00
+0.51
+0.41
+0.39
+1.00
+0.30
+0.68
+0.09
+0.20
+0.45
+1.00
+0.55 0.00
+0.47 Plume vs E-2 Shore
+1.00
+1.00
+0.57
+0.15
+1.00
-0.33
-0.14
+0.61
+0.20
+1.00
+1.00
+0.24
+0.55
+0.45
+0.22
+Only one transect run each month;
.attraction indices.
No plume nets set.
- Plant down.
therefore, cannot calculate Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-3 (5)
(continued)
Study Plume vs E-0 Shore 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 May 21-24 Jun 19-20 Jul 16-20 Aug 20-23 Sep 24-27 Oct 22-25 Nov 23 1975 Feb 25+
May 20-30*
Jun 24-27*
Jun 27 Jul 9-12 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 Sep 16-19 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7
+0.77
+1.00
-0.06
-0.45
+0.20
+0.44
+0.84
+0.33
-1.00
+0.47
+1.00
-1.00 0.00 Plume vs E-2 Shore
-1.00
+1.00
+0.45
+0.32
-0.45
+0.50
-1.00
++
+1.00
+0.94
+1.00
+0.20
-1.00
+0.17
+0.57
-1.00
+1.00
+In plume vs out of plume attraction index for February 25,
++1975, equals --.
Plume vs W-1 shore rather than Plume vs E-2 shore.
- Plant down.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-3(6)
Coho Salmon Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Study Plume vs E-0 Shore 1969 May 14,16,20+
Jun 24-27+
Aug 27-29+
Nov 10-12+
1970 Jun 2-5++
Jul 14-17++
Aug 25-28 Oct 25-29 1971 Jun 15-18 Jul 13,15-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 Jun 5-8*
Jul 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 1973 Apr 28 May 22-25 Jun 12-15 Jul 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5 Plume vs E-2 Shore
-1.00
-1.00
-1.00
-1.00
+Only one transect run each month;
.attraction indices.
+No plume nets set.
- Plant down.
-1.00 therefore, cannot calculate Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-3(6) (continued)
Study 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 May 21-24 Jun 19-20 Jul 16-20 Aug 20-23 Sep 24-27 Oct 22-25 Nov 23 1975 Feb 25+
May 20-30*
Jun 24-27*
Jun 27 Jul 9-12 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 Sep 16-19 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 Plume vs E-0 Shore
-0.26
-1.00 0.00
-1.00
(-i.00)**
(+1. 00) **
Plume vs E-2 Shore
-0.39
-1.00
+1.00
(-1.00) **
(-0.71) **
++
-1.00
-1.00
-1.00
-1.00
-1.00
+In plume vs out of plume attraction index for February 25,
++1975, equals --.
Plume vs W-1 shore rather than Plume vs E-2 shore.
- Plant down.
"**Number in
( ) for unidentified salmonid which is probably immature coho salmon.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-3(7)
Brown Trout Attraction Indices, 1969-1975 Study Plume vs E-0 Shore Plume vs E-2 Shore 1969 May 14,16,20+
Jun 24-27+
Aug 27-29+
Nov 10-12+
1970 Jun 2-5++
Jul 14-17++
Aug 25-28 Oct 25-29 1971 Jun 15-18 Jul 13,15-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 Jun 5-8*
Jul 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 1973 Apr 28 May 22-25 Jun 12-15 Jul 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5
+Only one transect run each month; therefore, cannot calculate
.attraction indices.
+No plume nets set.
- Plant down.
Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-3(7) (continued)
Study Plume vs E-0 Shore 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 May 21-24 Jun 19-20 Jul 16-20 Aug 20-23 Sep 24-27 Oct 22-25 Nov 23 1975 Feb 25+
May 20-30*
Jun 24-27*
Jun 27 Jul 9-12 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 Sep 16-19 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 0.00
+0.43
+0.45
-0.33 0.00
+0.25
+0.11 Plume vs E-2 Shore
-1.00
+1.00
+0.27
+0.45
-0.71++
-1.00
-0.45
+0.72
-0.41
+In plume vs out of plume attraction index for February 25,
++ 1975, equals -0.60.
Plume vs W-l shore rather than Plume vs E-2 shore.
- Plant down.
Sheet 2
Species Alewife American Smelt Spottail Shiner Acclimation Temp.
(°C) or Season Tested Spring May 9-110 C June 10-110 C Summer Aug 15-180 C Aug 24-250 C Sept 10-120C Fall Nov 5-90C Dec 1-40C Winter Jan 1-30C Spring 160C Summer Summer Summer Summer Fall Winter TABLE 3.3-4 PREFERENCE TEMPERATURES FOR RIS --
FISH Life Stage Preference Temp.
(°C)
Juvenile Adult 25.0 + 0.5 25.0 + 1.7 24.0 T 1.2 21.0 + 0.6 19.0 + 0.4 21.0 + 0.7*
19.0 + 0.9 16.0 +0.7 16.0 + 1.2 16.0 T 0.6 11.0 + 0.9 12.0 + 0.5
- 21.3 T 1.5 7.2-10.0 12.0-18.0 12.0-17.0 10.0-12.0 10.0 (a)
Winter 4.50C Spring 13.2 0 C Summer (late) NG
-,19.5 12.8 (a)
(a)
- 10.2 + 2.8
- 14.3 + 1.5
>13 Data Source And Comments Otto, et. al. (1976),
Table 4, L. Michigan Is oI
'I I,
Reutter & Herdendorf (1974),
Table 2, L. Erie Galligan (1962),
Fig. 5, Cayuga Lake Greene in Galligan (1962)
MacCallan & Regeir (1970),
P.
1835 Burbidge (1969),
Figure 5 it Reutter & Herdendorf (1974),
Table 2, L. Erie
'i Wells (1968),
Wells and Hous (1974)
Sheet 1
Acclimation Temp.
("C) or Season Tested TABLE 3.3-4 (cont'd)
Life Stage Preference Temp.
(°C)
Juvenile Adult 1.1 0C 25.0 0C 6.7 32.0 Data Source And Comments Meldrim & Gift (1971),
estuarine fish Smallmouth Bass Spring Summer Fall Winter Fall 22.0 -
28.0 29.0 26.0 24.0 20.2 150C 180C 210C 240C 270C 300C 10oC NG NG Coho Salmon Late Winter Early Spring 11.0°C NG 100C Winter NG 22.9 26.5 29.8 30.1 31.3
- 26.6
- 28.0
- 31 18.0 -
26.0 31.0 30.0 30.0 21.0 28.0 13.0 (23.7-18.5)
(25.3-21.4)
(27.2-24.2)
(29.5-26.5)
(32.2-28.3)
(35.1-29.2)
+ 2.2 (S.D.)
31.0 27.0 26.0
- 11.4 + 4.0 (S.D.)
9.0 -
12.0 NG 13.0 12.2 (10-14.4)
Barans & Tubb (1973),
P.
- 1699, L. Erie of N
Cherry et. al. (1975),
Table 1, Virginia i,
I'
'I if Reutter & Herdendorf (1974),
Table 2, L. Erie Fry in Ferguson (1958)
Peek in Barans & Tubb (1973)
Reutter & Herdendorf (1974),
Table 2, L. Erie Brett (1952),
Fig. 24 Edsall (1970) in EPA (1974),
P.
132 NYSDEC (1975),
- p.
2 Sheet 2
Species White Perch
Acclimation Temp.
(°C) or Season Tested Brown Trout TABLE 3.3-4 (cont'd)
Life Stage Preference Temp.
(OC)
Juvenile Adult NG NG 12.4 -
17.6 15.5 (10-18)
Data Source And Comments Tait in Ferguson (1958),
Table 2.
NYSDEC (1975),
- p.
2.
NOTE:
=
Mean + Standard Deviation
=
Final Preference Temp.
NG
=
None Given a
=
Age Group 1-4, juveniles and adults mixed Sheet 3
Species
TABLE 3.3-5 SWIMMING ABILITIES FOR RIS FISH Acclimation Temp (°C) 12.0-13.9 10.0-11.9 8.0-9.9 6.0-7.9 4 0-5.9 2.0*-3.9 NG NG White Perch
>21.1 12.2 7.2-8.9 5.0 Smallmouth Bass 5
15 tested at 5
fry 10 15 20 10 15 20 25 30 Life Stage Age II (87-104 mm) of
'U
'i
'I Adults (marine) 25.4 cm 9-16 cm in length (estuarine forms) 6.9-8.9 cm (fork length) 6.6-8.8 cm (fork length) 7.0-8.1 cm (fork length)
(2.1-2.3 cm) of it if Type of Swimming Response and Speed Cruising Speed (bl/s)1 3.2 3.1 3.3 2.4 1.7 1.4 Sustaining, 3.4-5.8 fps Darting, 13-14 bl/s Cruising, 1.04-2.04 fps (3.6-3.9 bl/s)
Sustaining, 1.29 fps (5.57 bl/s)
Sustaining, 1.05 fps (3.6-4.8 bl/s)
Sustaining, 0.81 fps (3.0-3.5 bl/s)
Displacemint Speeds 3.3 5.0 6.5 of It if Endurance Re ference Colby (1973),
Table 5-3.
U'
'U U'
Dominy (1973)
Bell (1973) 30 min.
King (1970) 6 min.
o 8.5 min.
4 min.
On the order of minutes 3.3 6.8 8.5 10.1 7.0 Larimore and Duever (1968) it Sheet 1 Species Alewife
TABLE 3.3-5 (cont'd)
Species Smalimouth Bass (Cont' d)
Coho Salmon Brown Trout Acclimation Temp (°C)
Life Stage tested at 25 10 15 20 25 30 20 14 11 8
5 2
2 2
2 20 14 11 8
5 2
5 8
11
<10 C 10-15 0C
>15 0C fry (2.1-2.3 cm) it It if of Juveniles (7.5-9.5 cm) if It of it 12.5 cm 19.0-20.0 cm 22.0-24.0 cm 15 cm 22.0-24.0 cm Type of Swimming Response and Speed Displacemqnt bl/s Speeds 3.6 8.1 8.9 11.8 13.0 Critical Speed 3 6.1-6.3 5.3-5.4 4.5-4.7 4.3-4.5 3.4-3.7 2.3-3.0 3.7-3.8 4.2-4.6 4.7-4.9 Maximum Speed 4 6.7 bl/s 6.5-10.7 bl/s 6.7-9.8 bl/s 11 bl/s 9.1 bl/s Endurance Reference Larimore and Duever (1968)
None Given Griffiths and Alderdice (197; Figures 2 and 4 Blaxter and Dickson (1959)
Table 1
'I it NOTE:
- 1.
- 2.
- 3.
4.
bl/s =
body lengths per second.
Velocity at which specimens were.displaced from testing chamber.
Critical speed at which test specimens become fatigued.
Judging from the methodology this may reflect darting speed.
Alewives disoriented at these low temperatures.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-6(1)
Alewife Distribution and Abundance Catch per Unit Effort (Average Date 1969*
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28**
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 E-0 Shore 60.0 15.0 9.7 4.0 28.0 3.5 11.7 2.3 52.5 18.6 7.8 7.5 49.5 4.3 6.5 E-2 Shore Catch/Net/Day)
E-0 15' Top 260.0 2.3 3.0 0
3.0 2.5 0.3 7.0 1.6 2.0 6.5 9.5 0.3 3.8 3.0 0.5 2.0 5.0 34.5 4.0 11.0 4.0 13.5 10.5 1.0 for Each Net Set E-0 15' Bottom 184.0 303.3 4.0 11.5 34.0 0.5 3.7 0
9.5 7.0 0.5 18.5 6.5 0.5 4.0 E-2 15' Top 2.0 1.0 0
8.0 2.0 1.5 22.0 12.5 1.0 3.0
- Plant not yet on line -- only E-0 set (pumping was started).
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
Sheet 1 E-2 15' Bottom 0
0.5 0.5 22.5 15.5 1.5 14.5 12.5 0
4.0
TABLE 3.3-6(1) (continued)
Date 1973 April 28 May 22-25 June 12-15 July 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 May 21-24 June 17-20 July 16-20 Aug 20-23 Sep 24-27 Oct 22-25 Nov 23 1975 Feb 24-25*
May 8-9**
May 20-23 June 24-27
+Damaged net -- only
- Only three nets set.
"**Only one day of nett one day of netting.
.ing and one net set.
E-0 Shore
+
20.8 17.0 3.3 9.5 4.0 17.0 23.0 19.0 16.5 46.0 21.5 19.5 12.0 0.3 0
E-2 Shore 8.0 22.7 16.0 18.0 11.5 5.0 9.3 64.3 10.5 10.3 12.5 8.0 9.0 3.5 1.8 0
E-0 15' Top 80.5 22.5 44.5 32.0 3.0 9.0 46.0 34.5 9.0 29.0 36.5 66.0 25.5 7.0 0
E-0 15' Bottom 19.0 12.0 11.0 7.5 0
5.5 63.0 12.5 61.0 5.5 15.0 8.5 3.0 0
1.0 E-2 15' Top 15.5 2.0 19.0 12.0 0
6.5 53.5 35.5 15.5 12.0 20.5 42.0 9.5 0.5 0
E-2 15' Bottom 5.5 17.0 18.0 8.0 7.0 2.0 63.5 32.5 1.0 15.0 22.5 3.5 7.0 5.0 1.0 0
88.3 268.3 56.0 175.5 169.5 78.0 26.5 435.0 332.5 132.0 91.5 563.5 Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-6(1)(continued)
Date 1975 July 9-12 Aug 5*
Aug 19-22 Sep 16-19 Oct 14-15**
Nov 4-7 E-0 Shore 4.0 16.0 5.5 2.8 2.0 0.5 E-2 Shore 52.7 2.0 1.3 3.3 0.5 0.5 E-0 15' Top 108.0 36.0 3.5 2.0 44.0 14.5 E-0 15' Bottom 106.5 7.0 0.5 2.5 1.5 0.5 E-2 15' Top 252.0 26.0 2.5 3.0 21.5 13.5
- One day of netting due to rough weather.
"**Study only two days due to rough weather.
E-2 15' Bottom 62.0 5.0 0
1.0 4.0 0
Sheet 3
TABLE 3.3-6(1) (continued)
E-0 30' Date (40') Top*
E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
E-2 30' (40') Top*
E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
1969**
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28+
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
"**Plant not yet on line --
only E-0 set (pumping was
- 301 bottom net not set.
+E-2 first netted August 1970.
started).
Plume W-1 Shore 4.7 0
0 7.0 0
1.0 524.5 32.7 9.7 0
2.0 0
3.3 1.0 20.5 0
0 11.5 9.0 17.5 1.5 0
21.0 0
1.0 38.5 33.0 2.0 0
2.0 1.0 0
18.0 6.5 0
4.5 7.0 37.5 4.5 0
0.5 0
24.0 2.5 1.0 46.5 9.5 2.3 0
2.0 1.5 5.3 35.5 1.4 5.5 4.5 39.5 1.3 2.5 Sheet 4
TABLE 3.3-6(1) (continued)
E-0 30' (40') Top*
Date E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
E-2 30' '
(40') Top*
E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
1973 April 28**
May 22-25 June 12-15***
July 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep II++
Oct 2-5 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 May 21-24 June 17-20 July 16-20 Aug 20-23 Sep 24-27 Oct 22-25 Nov 23 1975 Feb 24-25+++
May 8-9++++
May 20-23 June 24-27 84.0 20.0 1.0 15.5 5.5 9.0 0
1.0 4.0 11.0 8.0 5.0 9.0 11.0 20.5 21.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 54.5 40.5 62.5 22.5 43.0 11.0 31.0 93.0 65.5 3.5 11.5 8.0 19.0 2.0 19.5 2.5 16.0 105.5 23.0 12.5 30.5 10.5 11.0 37.0 121.5 141.5 63.0 1.0 16.0 8.5 2.0 13.0 34.0 6.0 9.0 23.0 1.0 2.5 1.0 34.0 112.5
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- Only one day of netting.
- 301 top and bottom, June 14, no nets, thus three netting days.
+Plume net destroyed on two of four netting days -- based on two days
++One day of netting --
30' not sampled.
+++W-l set only in February --
only three nets set.
++++Only one day of netting and one net set.
Sheet 5 Plume W-1 Shore 0.5+
20.5 0.8 3.8 1.0 0.8 32.0 2.5 19.3 64.0 1.3 1.8 3.8 1.3 0
0 0
11.3 42.3 1.0
TABLE 3.3-6(1) (continued)
E-0 30' Date (40') Top*
1975 July 9-12 Aug 5**
Aug 19-22 Sep 16-19 Oct 14-15***
Nov 4-7 104.0 6.0 3.0 23.5 E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
3.0 0
4.5 0
E-2 30' (40') Top*
76.0 2.0 0.5 19.5 E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
5.0 2.0 0
0
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- One day of netting due to rough weather --
40' not sampled.
- Study only two days due to rough weather --
no 40' nets.
W-1 Shore Plume 123.0 1.0 0.3 0.8 0
0 Sheet 6
TABLE 3.3-6(2)
Smelt Distribution and Abundance Catch per Unit Effort (Average Date 1969*
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28**
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Auq 7-10 Sep 25-28 E-0 Shore 17.0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
1.3 0.3 0
0 0.8 E-2 Shore 0
0 0.3 0
0 2.8 0.5 0
0 1.0 Catch/Net/Day)
E-0 15' Top 0
0 0
1.5 0
0 1.3 0
0 0
10.5 0
0 0
0.5 for Each Net Set E-0 15' Bottom E-2 15' Top 12.0 0
0 0
0 0
9.3 0
0 0
2.5 1.5 0
0 0
0 0.5 0
0 0
6.0 1.5 0
0 1.5
.*Plant not yet on line -- only
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
E-0 set (pumping was started).
E-2 15' Bottom 0
0 0.5 0
0 0.5 0.5 0
- 0.
1.5 Sheet -1
TABLE 3.3-6(2) (continued)
E-0 E-2 E-0 E-0 15' E-2 E-2 15' Date Shore Shore 15' Top Bottom 15' Top Bottom 1973 April 28
+
45.0 May 22-25 8.8 6.3 13.0 4.5 5.0 3.0 June 12-15 0
0.3 0.5 0
0 0
July 10-16 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 7-10 0
0 0
0 0
0 Sep 11 0
0 0
1.0 0
0 Oct 2-5 3.3 13.5 5.5 3.0 13.5 0
1974 Apr 18-22 217.0 25.5 58.0 30.5 53.5 33.0 Apr 25-26 230.5 236.0 77.0 188.5 132.5 118.0 May 21-24 96.8 58.5 7.0 5.0 4.5 34.5 June 17-20 0
0 0
1.5 0
1.0 July 16-20 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 20-23 0
0 0
0 0
0 Sep 24-27 0
0 0
0 0
0 Oct 22-25 0.8 8.0 2.0 2.0 4.5 5.0 Nov 23 0
0 2.0 0
1.0 2.0 1975 Feb 24-25 0
May 8-9 May 20-23 2.5 1.3 0
2.0 1.0 5.5 June 24-27 0
0 0
0 0
0 July 9-12 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 5 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 19-22 0
0 0
0 0
0 Sep 16-19 0
0 1.5 3.0 4.0 0
Oct 14-15 10.0 13.5 7.0 4.5 12.0 8.0 Nov 4-7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.5 0
0
+Net damaged --
one day of netting.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-6 (2) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date
(.40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1969**
May 14,16,20 4.5 June 25-27 1.0 4.0 Aug 27-29 0
0 Nov 11-12 2.0 0
1970 July 14-17 0
2.0 Aug 25-28***
0 0
0 0
0 Oct 25-29 0.3 2.7 1.5 0
0 1971 June 15-18 0
0 0
0 0
July 13-17 0
0 0
0 0
Aug 10-14 0
0 0
0 0
Sep 27-30 0
5.5 2.0 0
1.5 1972 June 5-8 0
8.5 0
7.0 2.0 July 12-15 0
0 0
0 5.0 Aug 7-10 0
0 0
0 0
Sep 25-28 16.0 5.5 8.0 1.5 0
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- Plant not yet on line -- only E-0 set (pumping was started).
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
Sheet 3
TABLE 3.3-6 (2) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1973 April 28**
43.0 38.0 275.0 336.0 May 22-25 6.5 1.5 5.5 2.0 0.5+
June 12-15 0
0 0
0 0
July 10-16 0
0 0
0 0
Aug 7-10 0
0 0
0 0
Sep 11 0
Oct 2-5 15.0 12.0 10.0 19.0 0
1974 Apr 18-22 59.0 87.0 32.0 67.5 184.0 Apr 25-26 95.0 May 21-24 11.5 9.5 5.0 4.0 163.0 June 17-20 3.5 17.5 1.5 5.5 0
July 16-20 0
0 0
0 0
Aug 20-23 0
0 0
0 0
Sep 24-27 0.5 0.5 0
0 0.3 Oct 22-25 4.0 2.0 4.0 0
0.5 Nov 23 0
1975 Feb 24-25***
1.0 0
May 8-9 0
May 20-23 0.5 9.5 1.5 8.0 1.3 June 24-27 0
8.0 0
2.5 0
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- One day of netting.
- W-I set only in February --
only three nets set.
+Plume net destroyed on two of four netting days.
Sheet 4
TABLE 3.3-6(2) (continued)
E-0 30' (40') Top*
E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
E-2 30' (40') Top*
E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
1975 July 9-12 0
0 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 0
0 Sep 16-19 2.0 0.5 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 1.0 1.5
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
Date 0
Plume W-1 Shore 0
3.0 0
0 0
0 2.0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Sheet 5
TABLE 3.3-6(3)
Spottail Shiner*
Distribution and Abundance Catch per Unit Effort (Average Catch/Net/Day) for Each Net Set E-0 E-2 E-0 E-0 15' E-2 E-2 15' Date Shore Shore 15' Top Bottom 15' Top Bottom 1969**
May 14,16,20+
43.7 0
30.5 June 25-27 24.7 0
15.7 Aug 27-29 1.7 1.0 0
Nov 11-12 4.0 0
0 1970 July 14-17 1.0 0.3 0
Aug 25-28++
0 0
1.0 0
0 0
Oct 25-29 0.3 0
0 12.7 1.0 3.0 1971 June 15-18 13.0 11.5 2.0 4.0 0
24.5 July 13-17 6.8 0.3 0
11.0 0
4.0 Aug 10-14 6.8 0.2 0
0 0
0 Sep 27-30 5.8 12.5 0.5 0
0 1.5 1972 June 5-8 59.3 51.5 0
101.0 1.0 58.5 July 12-15 17.5 43.0 1.5 275.5 0.5 96.5 Aug 7-10 1.0 2.7 3.5 3.0 0
4.0 Sep 25-28 2.8 2.0 0
2.5 1.0 1.5
- During this study there was no differentiation made among Notropis.
- Plant not yet on line -- only E-0 set (pumping was started).
+Labelled minnows.
++E-2 first netted August 1970.
Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-6(3) (continued)
E-0 E-2 E-0 E-0 15' E-2 E-2 15' Date Shore Shore 15' Top Bottom 15' Top Bottom 1973 April 28
+
4.0 May 22-25 56.0 52.7 1.5 0
0 0
June 12-15 1.5 19.5 0.5 13.0 0
33.0 July 10-16 0
18.5 0
7.5 1.0 9.5 Aug 7-10 0
0.5 0
0 0
0 Sep 11 0
1.0 0
0 0
2.0 Oct 2-5 1.0 3.8 0
1.0 0
0.5 1974 Apr 18-22 20.7 32.8 0.5 15.5 1.5 18.0 Apr 25-26 5.5 27.0 1.0 17.0 0
5.0 May 21-24 17.5 30.3 2.0 7.5 1.0 5.0 June 17-20 7.5 27.8 0.5 10.5 0
16.5 July 16-20 4.8 4.3 0
12.0 0
3.0 Aug 20-23 1.0 2.8 3.5 0
0 1.0 Sep 24-27 2.5 1.8 0.5 2.5 0
1.0 Oct 22-25 1.0 0.3 0
2.5 0
0.5 Nov 23 0
0 0
0 0
0 1975 Feb 24-25 0
May 8-9 May 20-23 59.5 36.8 0.5 8.0 0.5 4.5 June 24-27 8.5 2.3 1.0 20.5 0
4.0 July 9-12 0.3 4.7 0
8.0 0
8.0 Aug 5 6.0 3.0 0
14.0 0
.0 Aug 19-22 16.8 5.8 0.5 2.5 0
2.0 Sep 16-19 6.8 10.5 1.5 7.5 0
1.5 Oct 14-15 7.5 9.0 3.5 11.5 1.5 22.5 Nov 4-7 0.8 2.0 1.0 4.5 0
5.0
+Net damaged --
one day of netting.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-6(3) (continued)
E-0 30' Date (40') Top*
E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
E-2 30' (40') Top*
E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
1969**
May 14,16,20+
June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28***
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- Plant not yet on line --
only E-0 set (pumping
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
+Labelled minnows.
was started).
0.5 1.0 0
0 0
0 1.7 Plume W-1 Shore 2.0 0
3.5 6.0 0
6.0 0
4.0 0
1.0 14.0 8.0 1.7 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0.5 0
3.0 0
9.0 0
1.5 14.0 13.0 0.7 0.5 0
0 3.7 0.5 0.4 7.0 203.3 6.5 2.7 0.3 Sheet 3
TABLE 3.3-6(3) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1973 April 28**
0 0
0 0
May 22-25 0
0 0
0 3.0+
June 12-15 0
0 0
0 4.8 July 10-16 0
2.5 0
5.5 0.8 Aug 7-10 0
0 0
0 0
Sep 11 3.0 Oct 2-5 0
2.0 0
0 0.3 1974 Apr 18-22 0
5.5 0
2.0 21.7 Apr 25-26 4.0 May 21-24 0
2.5 0
4.5 31.3 June 17-20 0
1.0 0
1.0 14.5 July 16-20 0
29.5 0
3.0 2.8 Aug 20-23 0
0.5 0
0 0
Sep 24-27 0
2.5 0
1.5 1.0 Oct 22-25 0
6.0 0
1.5 0.3 Nov 23 0
1975 Feb 24-25***
2.0 2.0 May 8-9++
0 May 20-23 0
0.5 0
0 54.0 June 24-27 0
3.0 0
4.5 31.0
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- One day of netting.
- W-I set only in February.
+Plume net destroyed on two of four netting days.
++Only one day of netting and one net set.
Sheet 4
TABLE 3.3-6(3) (continued)
E-0 30' (40') Top*
E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
E-2 30' (40') Top*
E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
1975 July 9-12 0
2.0 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 0
0 Sep 16-19 0
5.0 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 0
7.0
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
Date Plume W-1 Shore 0
0 0
0 0
1.0 0
2.5 2.7 0
1.0 3.3 0.5 0.8 Sheet5
TABLE 3.3-6(4)
White Perch Distribution and Abundance Catch per Unit Effort (Average Date 1969*
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28**
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 E-0 Shore 0
25.3 12.7 1.0 72.0 102.0 1.7 13.5 19.5 15.0 11.0 34.0 41.3 31.7 33.0 E-2 Shore 75.0 4.0 7.3 27.0 19.8 3.5 11.8 26.0 35.0 15.8 Catch/Net/Day)
E-0 15' Top 0
0.7 2.3 0
5.0 4.5 0
2.0 2.5 4.5 0.5 1.0 5.0 4.5 5.0 for Each Net Set E-0 15' Bottom 0
41.7 57.3 0
59.0 63.5 4.0 4.5 34.5 79.5 9.5 4.5 38.5 65.0 9.0 E-2 15' Top 25.0 0
0.5 1.0 4.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 7.0 0
- Plant not yet on line --
only
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
E-0 set (pumping was started).
E-2 15' Bottom 24.0 0
0.5 24.0 50.5 4.0 6.5 73.0 50.5 9.5 Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-6(4) (continued)
E-0 E-2 E-0 E-0 15' E-2 E-2 15' Date Shore Shore 15' Top Bottom 15' Top Bottom 1973 April 28
+
51.0 May 22-25 26.0 22.3 1.0 0
2.0 11.0 June 12-15 34.0 23.8 3.0 14.5 0
13.8 July 10-16 15.5 18.5 9.5 27.5 8.0 72.0 Aug 7-10 26.3 21.3 6.0 42.0 5.0 26.0 Sep 11 40.0 9.0 0
34.0 0
37.0 Oct 2-5 7.8 8.3 0
2.5 0
3.5 1974 Apr 18-22 11.0 4.8 1.5 1.0 0
1.5 Apr 25-26 9.5 0
1.5 8.0 2.0 9.0 May 21-24 13.3 15.8 0.5 4.5 1.5 2.0 June 17-20 36.8 36.2 0.5 8.0 3.0 16.5 July 16-20 34.2 21.8 6.5 21.5 5.5 71.0 Aug 20-23 12.8 18.3 0.5 30.5 0.5 22.5 Sep 24-27 12.8 14.8 0.5 37.0 1.0 27.5 Oct 22-25 1.0 1.0 0
2.5 0
3.5 Nov 23 0
0 0
0 0
0 1975 Feb 24-25 5.0 May 8-9 May 20-23 12.0 8.5 0.5 4.0 2.5 8.0 June 24-27 2.3 4.0 1.0 26.0 2.5 29.5 July 9-12 10.3 9.0 1.0 10.0 0.5 20.0 Aug 5 19.0 30.0 0
32.0 0
3.0 Aug 19-22 16.8 13.5 9.5 10.0 0
9.5 Sep 16-19 8.5 7.5 2.0 9.0 0
4.5 Oct 14-15 5.5 5.0 0.5 12.0 10.5 10.5 Nov 4-7 0
1.8 1.0 0.5 0.5 2.5
+Net damaged --
one day of netting.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-6(4) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1969**
May 14,16,20 0
June 25-27 0.3 1.0 Aug 27-29 0.7 24.7 Nov 11-12 0
0 1970 July 14-17 0
5.0 Aug 25-28***
1.0 8.5 1.0 1.0 47.5 Oct 25-29 0.3 1.3 0
0 0.5 1971 June 15-18 0
2.0 0
1.0 34.7 July 13-17 0.5 1.0 0
8.5 12.5 Aug 10-14 0
4.0 0
1.5 20.6 Sep 27-30 0
0 0
1.0 32.3 1972 June 5-8 0
0.5 0.5 0
13.5 July 12-15 1.0 0
1.5 0
31.0 Aug 7-10 1.0 7.3 4.5 4.7 70.7 Sep 25-28 0.5 2.0 0
3.5 20.5
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
"**Plant not yet on line -- only E-0 set (pumping was started).
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
Sheet 3
TABLE 3.3-6(4) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1973 April 28**
3.0 2.0 0
7.0 May 22-25 5.5 1.5 0
2.0 67.5+
June 12-15 0
0 0
0 18.3 July 10-16 1.0 22.5 0
10.0 46.5 Aug 7-10 0
30.5 1.0 13.5 26.8 Sep 11 36.0 Oct 2-5 0
1.0 0
0 2.8 1974 Apr 18-22 0
0 0
0 3.0 Apr 25-26 6.0 May 21-24 0
0 0
0 23.8 June 17-20 0
0 0
0 31.3 July 16-20 0
3.0 0
7.0 35.8 Aug 20-23 0
5.5 0
10.5 10.0 Sep 24-27 0
39.0 0.5 3.5 6.8 Oct 22-25 0
3.0 0
2.5 3.3 Nov 23 0
1975 Feb 24-25***
4.5 6.0 May 8-9++
13.0 May 20-23 0
0 0
0 11.8 June 24-27 0
0 0
0 2.3
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- One day of netting.
- W-I set only in February.
+Plume net destroyed on two of four netting days.
++Only one day of netting and one net set.
Sheet 4
TABLE 3.3-6 (4) (continued)
L-0 30' (40') Top*
Date E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
1975 July 9-12 0
1.0 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 0
9.0 Sep 16-19 0
1.5 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 0
1.0
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
E-2 30' (40') Top*
0 0
0 0
E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
5.0 9.0 2.5 0
Sheet 5 W-1 Shore Plume 6.3 7.0 10.5 16.8 9.0 1.8
TABLE 3.3-6(5)
Smallmouth Bass Distribution and Abundance Catch per Unit Effort (Average Catch/Net/Day) for Each Net Set Date 1969*
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28**
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Aug 7-10.
Sep 25-28
- Plant not yet on line -- only
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
E-0 set (pumping was started).
E-2 15' Top E-2 15' Bottom E-0 Shore 0
0 2.0 0
1.0 3.5 0
0 1.8 1.6 1.0 0
0.8 1.0 2.5 E-2 Shore 0
0 0
1.5 2.8 0
1.0 2.0 1.3 2.0 E-0 15' Top 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0.5 0
0 0
E-0 15' Bottom 0
0 0.3 0
0 0.5 1.0 0
0 0
0 0
0.5 0.5 1.0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 1.0 0
0 0
1.0 0
0.5 0.5 2.0 0
Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-6(5) (continued)
E-0 E-2 E-0 E-0 15' E-2 E-2 15' Date Shore Shore 15' Top Bottom 15' Top Bottom 1973 April 28
+
May 22-25 0.3 0
0 0
0 0
June 12-15 0.3 0
0 0
0 0
July 10-16 0
0.8 0
0.5 0
0 Aug 7-10 2.5 2.5 0
0.5 0
0.5 Sep 11 8.0 3.0 0
0 0
0 Oct 2-5 1.0 1.8 0
0 0.5 0.5 1974 Apr 18-22 0
0.3 0
0 0
0 Apr 25-26 May 21-24 0.3 0
0 0
0 0
June 17-20 0
0.3 0
0.5 0
0.5 July 16-20 2.8 1.3 1.0 0
0 0
Aug 20-23 0.8 0.8 0
0 0
0.5 Sep 24-27 1.0 0.5 0
0.5 0
1.0 Oct 22-25 0
0.3 0
0 0
0 Nov 23 0
0 0
0 0
0 1975 Feb 24-25 0
May 8-9 May 20-23 0.5 0
0 1.0 0
0 June 24-27 0.8 0.3 0
0 0
0 July 9-12 3.0 4.0 0
1.0 0
0.5 Aug 5 1.0 2.0 0
3.0 0
0 Aug 19-22 1.0 2.0 0
1.0 0.5 2.0 Sep 16-19 0
0.5 0
0 0
0 Oct 14-15 0.5 0.5 0
0 0
0.5 Nov 4-7 0.3 0
0 0
0 0
+Net damaged --
one day of netting.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-6 (5) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-I Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1969*
May 14,16,20 0
June 25-27 0
0 Aug 27-29 0
1.0 Nov 11-12 0
0 1970 July 14-17 0
0 Aug 25-28***
0 0
0 1.0 18.0 Oct 25-29 0
1.0 0
0 0
1971 June 15-18 0
0 0
0 1.0 July 13-17 0
0 0.5 0
5.5 Aug 10-14 0
0 0
0 3.8 Sep 27-30 0
0 0
0 2.3 1972 June 5-8 0
0 0
0 0.5 July 12-15 0.5 0
0 0
1.5 Aug 7-10 0
0 0
0 5.3 Sep 25-28 0
0 0
0 3.0
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- Plant not yet on line -- only E-0 set (pumping was started).
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
Sheet 3
TABLE 3.3-6(5) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1973 April 28**
May 22-25 0
0 0
0 5.0+
June 12-15 0
0 0
0 0.8 July 10-16 0
0 0
0 1.3 Aug 7-10 0
2.0 0
1.0 8.5 Sep 11 8.0 Oct 2-5 0
1.0 0
0 2.8 1974 Apr 18-22 0
0 0
0 0
Apr 25-26 May 21-24 0
0 0
0 2.3 June 17-20 0
0 0
0 0.8 July 16-20 0
0 0
0 2.5 Aug 20-23 0
0 0
0 0.3 Sep 24-27 0
0 0
0.5 1.5 Oct 22-25 0
0 0
0 0
Nov 23 0
1975 Feb 24-25***
0 0
May 8-9++
0 May 20-23 0
0 0
0 1.3 June 24-27 0
0 0
0 9.3
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- One day of netting.
- W-i set only in February.
+Plume net destroyed on two of four netting days.
++Only one day of netting and one net set.
Sheet 4
TABLE 3.3-6(5) (continued)
E-0 30' (40') Top*
E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
E-2 30' (40') Top*
E-2 30 '
(40') Bottom*
1975 July 9-12 0
0 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 0
1.0 Sep 16-19 0
7.0 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 0
0.5
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
Date Plume W-1 Shore 0
0 0
0 1.0 3.0 7.0 2.5 6.0 0
2.8 1.8 0
0.3 Sheet 5
TABLE 3.3-6(6)
Coho Salmon Distribution and Abundance Catch per Unit Effort (Average E-0 Shore Date E-2 Shore Catch/Net/Day)
E-0 15' Top for Each Net Set E-0 15' Bottom E-2 15' Top 1969*
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28**
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28
- Plant not yet on line --
only E-0 set (pumping
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
was started).
E-2 15' Bottom 0
0 0.7 0.5 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0.5 0.3 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-6(6) (continued)
E-0 E-2 E-0 E-0 15' E-2 E-2 15' Date Shore Shore 15' Top Bottom 15' Top Bottom 1973 April 28
+
May 22-25 0.3 0.3 0
0 0
0 June 12-15 July 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5 1974 Apr 18-22 1.7 2.3 6.5 0
13.5 0
Apr 25-26 0.5 3.5 2.5 0
3.0 0
May 21-24 0.3 0
0 1.5 1.0 0
June 17-20 0
0 0
0 0
0 July 16-20 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 20-23 0
0 0
0 0
0 Sep 24-27 0.5 0.3 0.5 0
0 0
Oct 22-25 0
1.8 0
0 0
0 Nov 23 0
0 0
0 0
0 1975 Feb 24-25 0
May 8-9 May 20-23 0
0 1.0 0
2.5 0.5 June 24-27 0
0 0
0 0
0 July 9-12 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 5 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 19-22 0
0 0
0 0
0 Sep 16-19 1.3 1.5 0
0 1.5 0
Oct 14-15 0
0.5 1.0 0
0.5 0
Nov 4-7 0.3 0.5 0
0 0
0
+Net damaged one day of netting.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-6(6) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1969**
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28***
Oct 25-29 0
0 0
0 0
1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 0
0 0
0 0
1972 June 5-8 0
0.5 0.5 0
0 July 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28 0
0 0
0 0
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- Plant not yet on line -- only E-0 set (pumping was started).
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
Sheet 3
TABLE 3.3-6(6)(continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1973 April 28**
May 22-25 0
0 0
0 0+
June 12-15 July 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5 1974 Apr 18-22 0
0 0
0 1.0 Apr 25-26 0
May 21-24 0
0 0
0 0.3 June 17-20 0
0 0
0 0
July 16-20 0
0 0
0 0
Aug 20-23 0
0.5 0
0 0
Sep 24-27 0
0 0
0 0++
Oct 22-25 0
0 0
0 0.3...
Nov 23 0
1975 Feb 24-25***
0 0
May 8-9****
1.0
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
"**One day of netting.
- W-i set only in February.
- Only one day of netting and one net set.
+Plume net destroyed on two of four netting days.
++Unidentified salmonid #2 (Juvenile cohos?).
+++Unidentified salmonid.
Sheet 4
TABLE 3.3-6(6)(continued)
E-0 30' Date (40') Top*
E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
E-2 30' (40') Top*
E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
1975 May 20-23 0
0 June 24-27 0
0 July 9-12 0
0 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 0
0 Sep 16-19 0
0 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 0
0
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
Plume W-1 Shore 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0.5 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 Sheet 5
TABLE 3.3-6(7)
Brown Trout Distribution and Abundance Catch per Unit Effort (Average Catch/Net/Day) for Each Net Set E-0 E-2 E-0 E-0 15' E-2 E-2 15' Date Shore Shore 15' Top Bottom 15' Top Bottom 1969*
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28**
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28
- Plant not yet on line --
only E-0 set (pumping was started).
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
Sheet 1
TABLE 3.3-6 (7) (continued)
E-0 E-2 E-0 E-0 15' E-2 E-2 15' Date Shore Shore 15' Top Bottom 15' Top Bottom 1973 April 28
+
May 22-25 June 12-15 July 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 0
0.5 0.5 0
0.5 0
May 21-24 0.3 0
0 0.5 0
0 June 17-20 0.5 0.5 July 16-20 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 20-23 0
0 0
0 0
0 Sep 24-27 3.0 1.8 0
0.5 1.5 0
Oct 22-25 2.8 4.0 1.0 0.5 0.5 0
Nov 23 3.0 3.0 1.0 0
0 0
1975 Feb 24-25 1.0 May 8-9 May 20-23 0
0.3 0
0.5 1.0 0
June 24-27 0
0 0
0 0
0 July 9-12 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 5 0
0 0
0 0
0 Aug 19-22 0
0 0.5 0
0 0
Sep 16-19 0.3 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Oct 14-15 22.0 6.0 2.0 0
1.0 3.0 Nov 4-7 6.0 17.8 3.0 0
0.5 0
+Net damaged --
one day of netting.
Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-6(7) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1969**
May 14,16,20 June 25-27 Aug 27-29 Nov 11-12 1970 July 14-17 Aug 25-28***
Oct 25-29 1971 June 15-18 July 13-17 Aug 10-14 Sep 27-30 1972 June 5-8 July 12-15 Aug 7-10 Sep 25-28
- 40' set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- Plant not yet on line --
only E-0 set (pumping was started).
- E-2 first netted August 1970.
Sheet 3
TABLE 3.3-6(7) (continued)
E-0 30' E-0 30' E-2 30' E-2 30' W-1 Date (40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
(40') Top*
(40') Bottom*
Plume Shore 1973 April 28**
May 22-25
+
June 12-15 July 10-16 Aug 7-10 Sep 11 Oct 2-5 1974 Apr 18-22 Apr 25-26 0
0 May 21-24 0
0 0
0 0.3 June 17-20 July 16-20 0
0 0
0 0
Aug 20-23 0
0 0
0 0
Sep 24-27 0.5 0
0 0.5 4.8***
Oct 22-25 0.5 0
0 0
7.0 Nov 23 8.0 1975 Feb 24-25++
0.5 3.0 May 8-9+++
0 May 20-23 0
0 0
0 00 June 24-27 0
0.5 0
0.5 0
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
- One day of netting.
- Unidentified salmonid #1.
+Plume net destroyed on two of four netting days.
++W-1 set only in February.
Only one day of netting and one net set.
Sheet 4
TABLE 3.3-6(7) (continued)
E-0 30' (40') Top*
Date E-0 30' (40') Bottom*
E-2 30' (40') Top*
E-2 30' (40') Bottom*
1975 July 9-12 0
0 Aug 5 Aug 19-22 0
0 Sep 16-19 0
0 Oct 14-15 Nov 4-7 0
0
- 401 set after 1973, starting April 1974.
Plume 0
0 0
W-1 Shore 0
0 0
0 0.5 0
0 0
0.3 36.5 7.5 Sheet 5
TABLE 3.3-7 OF ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE Factor Alewife Year Month Depth Transect Rainbow Smelt Year Month Depth Transect
)F F-Ratio 4
3 2
1 4
3 2
1 Spottail Shiner Year 4
Month 3
Depth 2
Transect 1
White Perch Year Month Depth Transect 2.625 2.229 0.410 0.011 0.202 3.119 2.763 0.206 0.797 0.643 0.529 0.194 0.610 0.624 4.399 0.161 0.799 1.819 8.317 0.001 1.515 4.194 2.667 0.049 4
3 2
1 Smallmouth Bass Year 4
Month 3
Depth 2
Transect 1
Coho Salmon Year 4
Month 3
Depth 2
Transect 1
Brown Trout Year Month Depth Transect 4
2.987 3
4.310 2
1.237 1
0.060 P(F Comp F)**
0.03 0.08 0.02 0.06 0.01 9.14 0.001 0.20 0.007 0.07 0.02 0.006 0.29
- value not significant at minimum 80% level generally not reported.
" statistically significant at 90% level of confidence.
+ statistically significant at 95% level of confidence.
++statistically significant at 99% level of confidence.
RESULTS Sig.
+
++
++
++
+
+
++
TABLE 3.3-8 SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1973 E-0 SHORE E-2 SHORE PLUME Brillouin Brillouin Brillouin Diversity Index Diversity Index Diversity Index (in bits)
(in bits)
(in bits)
Apr 28 (N.D.)*
May 22 2.0720 May 23 2.3184 May 24 2.3478 May 25 1.9530 June 12 1.2612 June 13 1.5763 June 14 1.2098 June 15 0.7893 July 10 0.9223 July 14 0.4882 July 15 0***
July 16 0
Aug 7 1.4068 Aug 8 1.2036 Aug 9 1.5226 Aug 10 1.4578
- N.D.
= Net Destroyed.
"**N.N.S.
= No Net Set.
- Zero indicates that net diversities.
1.6521 2.1041 (N.D.)
2.2560 1.5122 1.9845 1.8730 1.5518 1.7559 1.5871 1.8868 1.7145 1.8601 1.5671 1.4593 1.2800 1.4063 (N.N.S.)**
(N.D.)
1.5980 (N.D.)
1.2911 1.8756 2.1373 1.5940 1.7127 1.3927 1.1282 0.8180 0.4608 1.2974 1.0490 1.4395 1.5674 Shannon Shannon Index Index (N.D.)
1.6024 1.7258 1.7438 1.4158 0.9475 1.1959 0.9454 0.6316 0.7142 0.0429 0
0 1.0776 0.9590 1.2385 1.4750 1.2136 1.5159 (N.D.)
1.7090 1.2169 1.4958 1.3929 1.2040 1.3083 1.2167 1.4650 1.2920 1.4126 1.2734 1.1473 1.045 1.0940 Date 1973 was set but only one species was present giving zero for both Sheet 1 E-0 SHORE E-2 SHORE PLUME Shannon Index (N.N.S.)
(N.D.)
1.2321 (N.D.)
0.9953 1.4411 1.6494 1.2180 1.4462 1.1585 0.9736 0.7071 0.3858 0.9944 0.8343 1.1488 1.3008
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA - 1973-1974 E-0 SHORE E-2 SHORE PLUME Brillouin Brillouin Brillouin Diversity Index Diversity Index Diversity Index (in bits)
(in bits)
(in bits) 1.7606 1.8739 2.1271 1.5985 1.7916 1.2329 (N.N.S.)
1.9093 1.8705 1.1271 1.8551 2.1923 1.7750 1.5438 1.4475 1.4767 1.3697 2.3774 2.0381 1.7457 1.9914 2.2108 2.1862 1.9426 1.9045 2.2601 1.6640 2.2798 2.4079 1.9042 1.3082 2.2179 1.8618 1.4822 1.6067 1.6973 1.7339 1.3682 1.3683 1.5324 (N.N.S.)
1.7319 0.9085 0.6755 1.3539 1.9224 1.8475 1.3508 1.4050 1.8143 1.3632 E-0 SHORE Shannon Index 1.3527 1.5203 1.7990 1.2776 1.4566 0.8890 (N.N.S.)
1.3868 1.3478 0.8336 1.3516 1.6361 1.3813 1.1400 1.0488 1.1091 1.0125 E-2 SHORE Shannon Index 1.9748 1.6848 1.4120 1.5635 1.7184 1.6206 1.4392 1.3746 1.6293 1.1985 1.6676 1,7691 1.4431 0.9683 1.6118 1.4668 1.0969 Date 1973 Sept 11 Oct 2 Oct 3 Oct 4 Oct 5 1974 PLUME Shannon Index 1.2439 1.4976 1.7328 1.3517 1.3518 Apr 18 Apr 20 Apr 21 Apr 22 Apr 25 Apr 26 May 21 May 22 May 23 May 24 June 17 June 18 1.2273 (N.N.S.)
1.2428 0.6582 0.5924 0.9925 1.3859 1.3575 1.0038 1.0292 1.3407 1.0177 Sheet 2
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1974 E-0 SHORE E-2 SHORE PLUME E-0 SHORE E-2 SHORE Brillouin Brillouin Brillouin Diversity Index Diversity Index Diversity Index (in bits)
(in bits)
(in bits) 1.4911 1.1887 1.1012 1.9958 1.6829 1.3969 1.0066 1.1594 2.2143 1.3776 2.3747 2.3681 1.9218 1.8412 0.8767 0.4091 0.5352 1.3978 0.7402 1.5565 1.7404 1.1263 1.8482 2.0651 2.0131 0.7442 1.9372 2.0804 1.5830 2.2323 1.2499 1.9167 1.9245 1.0368 0.9365 1.3681 1.7205 0.7320 1.0354 1.1139 1.1526 0.6886 1.9789 1.1576 1.2544 1.6253 1.6550 1.5678 2.4587 1.9796 0.9621 1.0402 0.9784 0.7957 1.3863 1.3082 0.8408 Shannon Shannon Shannon Index Index Index 1.1111 1.3166 0.8288 1.5864 1.2916 1.1133 0.8110 0.9429 1.8707 1.0829 1.8599 1.8996 1.5146 1.6290 0.6944 0.3306 0.4709 1.1359 0.6829 1.1564 1.3258 0.9150 1.4816 1.6526 1.5878 0.5929 1.5750 1.6749 1.2739 1.7948 1.0130 1.6767 1.7301 0.8981 0.7405 1:1444 1.3802 0.6615 June 19 June 20 July 16 July 17 July 18 July 19 Aug 20 Aug 21 Aug 22 Aug 23 Sept 24 Sept 25 Sept 26 Sept 27 Oct 22 Oct 23 Oct 24 Oct 25 Nov 23 Date 1974 PLUME 0.7747 0.8381 0.9202 0.5407 1.8095 0.9998 1.0466 1.3415 1.4878 1.4127 1.9368 1.6779 1.0397 0.8823 0.7475 0.6320 1.1290 1.0403 0.6730 Sheet 3
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1975 E-2 SHORE
'PLUME Brillouin Brillouin Brillouin Diversity Index Diversity Index 'Diversity Index (in bits)
(in bits)
(in bits) 1.8359 2.3063 1.4471 2.0322 0.3468 0.2018 0.7489 1.1305 1.0535 0.8585 1.3054 1.8388 1.3378 1.2636 1.7713 1.7674 2.1203 1.4064 1.9800 1.4307 1.9421 1.7268 1.7132 0.3654 0.5739 0.4890 1.9044 2.2162 1.8359 1.5971 1.1600 0.2717 0.4510 0.1524 1.3487 1.4369 1.4082 1.3915 1.3184 2.0272 2.1635 2.2997 1.8610 2.6224 2.1855 2.2507 2.5035 1.4674 1.5003 1.5392 1.8956 1.9193 1.1402 2.0626 2.0190 1.9822 2.0236 1.5363 Net Missing 1.6513 1.4552 0.5692 1.9638 1.2877 1.1137 1.2129 1.2229 1.9072 1.5461 1.3646 1.5216 1.5209 1.7671 0.6723 1.0528 0.9887 1.3971 1.7685 1.6217 E-0 SHORE Date 1975 E-0 SHORE Shannon Index 1.3338 1.6749 1.0597 1.5705 0.2578 0.1472 0.6365 0.9656 0.7876 0.8676 1.0896 1.4578 0.9891 1.0304 1.4661 1.5157 1.7009 1.1642 1.7710 1.3592 1.4936 1.3716 1.4979 0.3488 0.6365 0.5004 Sheet 4 E-2 SHORE Shannon Index 1.4067 1.6385 1.3648 1.2049 0.9146 0.2159 0.4506 0.1148 1.0349 1.1135 1.1180 1.1383 1.0133 1.7079 1.8248 2.0253 1.4659 2.1862 1.8073 1.8930 2.0871 1.1481 1.2193 1.2088 1.5617 1.6399 PLUME Shannon Index 0.8956 1.5762 1.5616 1.4845 1.5834 1.1644 Net Missinc 1.2821 1.0865 0.4232 1.6384 1.2149 1.0336 1.2425 1.0634 1.6093 1.3113 1.1296 1.2740 1.4105 1.4422 0.5112 0.8495 0.7686 1.1408 1.5209 1.4990 May 8-9 May 20 May 21 May 22 May 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 July 9 July 10 July 12 Aug 5 Aug 19 Aug 20 Aug 21 Aug 22 Sept 16 Sept 17 Sept 18 Sept 19 Oct 14 Oct 15 Nov 4 Nov 5 Nov 6 Nov 7
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1973 15' TOP E-0 Brillouin Diversity Date Index 1973 (in bits)
May 22 May 23 June 12 June 13 July 10 July 14 Aug 7 Aug 8 Sept 11 Oct 2 Oct 3 0.8283 0.3012 1.0317 0.3154 0.9162 0.0923 0.8828 0.4065 1.0881 1.0530 0.6965 15' TOP E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 0.7909 0.5621 0
0 1.0443 1.3322 0.8969 1.1410 0
0.9369 0.5612 15' BOTTOM E-0 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 1.8804 1.9421 1.7523 1.4960 1.3362 1.1971 1.2179 0.8369 1.3543 1.8097 2.0484 15' BOTTOM E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 1.9658 2.2846 1.6126 1.6153 1.2757 1.0198 1.2681 1.1529 1.7168 1.3798 1.5187 15' TOP E-0 Shannon Index 0.6100 0.2407 0.8714 0.2641 0.6857 0.0776 0.6692 0.3488 0.9596 0.8918 0.5799 15' TOP 15' BOTTOM 15' BOTTOM E-2 Shannon Index 0.6343 0.4399 0
0 0.8623 1.0431 0.7193 1.0296 0
0.8855 0.4418 E-0 Shannon Index 1.5143 1.4458 1.3504 1.1551 1.0167 0.9546 0.8587 0.6660 1.0807 1.5423 1.7981 E-2 Shannon Index 1.5435 1.6980 2.1276 1.2104 0.9449 0.7676 0.9792 0.9521 1.3564 1.2945 1.4941 Sheet 5
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1974 15' TOP E-0 Brillouin Diversity Date Index 1974 (in bits)
Apr 18 Apr 20 Apr 25 Apr 26 May 21 May 22 June 19 June 20 July 16 July 17 Aug 20 Aug 21 Sept 26 Sept 27 Oct 22 Oct 23 Nov 23 1.4034 1.6447 0.9628 1.2344 1.3915 0.6952 0.3893 0.5383 0.4554 0.8042 0.1596 0
0.4338 1.4211 1.0660 0
1.0172 15' TOP E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 0.5234 1.2549 1.1836 1.3123 1.5676 1.0222 0.6737 0.5243 1.1439 0.8199 0.0855 0.3440 0.9472 0.3085 1.0538 0.5317 0.5871 15' BOTTOM E-0 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 1.9890 1.9628 1.3142 1.4684 0.8132 1.6475 1.3027 2.0374 1.4344 1.5475 0.7805 0.6807 0.8679 0.7164 1.8292 1.7879 0.7633 15' BOTTOM E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 2.1068 1.8143 1.6188 1.9686 1.3422 1.6339 1.8927 1.7107 0.7137 1.2361 0.6943 1.1915 2.1635 1.7862 1.8503 1.8433 1.6411 15' TOP 15' TOP 15' BOTTOM 15' BOTTOM E-0 Shannon Index 1.0421 1.2181 0.7018 0.9497 1.2637 0.6109 0.3446 0.4637 0.3954 0.6110 0.1310 0
0.3619 1.1786 0.8694 0
1.0114 E-2 E-0 Shannon Shannon Index Index 0.4140 0.9426 0.8635 1.0292 1.2766 0.8017 0.5860 0.4362 0.8935 0.6288 0.0716 0.3251 0.9002 0.2868 0.9110 0.5623 0.6931 1.4533 1.4430 0.9448 1.0886 0.6278 1.2779 1.0908 1.5457 1.0982 1.1708 0..5746 0.6019 0.6939 0.5950 1.6716 1.6114 0.6870 E-2 Shannon Index 1.5543 1.3187 1.1619 1.5355 1.0033 1.3161 1.4485 1.3280 0.5241 0.9257 0.5502 1.0805 1.8862 1.4744 1.5389 1.5741 1.4791 Sheet 6
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1975 15' TOP E-0 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits)
Date 1975 15' TOP 15' BOTTOM 15' BOTTOM E-2 E-0 E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits)
Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits)
Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 15' TOP 15' TOP 15' BOTTOM 15' BOTTOM E-0 E-2 E-0 E-2 Shannon Shannon Shannon Index Index Index Shannon Index PLUME 0.1036 0.1451 0.3184 0.2698 0.3114 0.4838 0.0636 0
0.6067 0
0.0377 0.0474 0.1440 0.1804 1.4156 0.4510 1.7097 0.5871 0.6795 1.1567 1.5983 1.2233 1.2662 1.0951 0.9356 1.4501 1.6041 1.0327 1.6462 0.6380 NET ONLY 2.0427 1.7239 0.3704 0.9869 0.8439 1.1674 1.7489 1.7218 0
2.1357 1.9493 1.7278 1.9912 1.2585 1.1540 SET THIS DAY 0.9847 2.1415 0.1710 0.6832 1.4066 1.3605 1.6554 1.2557 1.1113 1.9523 2.0594 1.5983 2.0799 0
1.5467 0.0817 0.2771 0.2573 0.0526 0.5661 0.0306 0.1243 1.2123 1.4125 0.6730 1.5048 1.0223 0.7157 1.3844 1.3238 0.1126 0.2097 0.3768 0
0 0.0379 0.1584 0.4506 0.6931 1.0822 1.1210 0.8738 1.1482 0.7898 0.6002 May 8-9 May 20 May 21 May 22 May 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 July 9 July 10 July 12 Aug 5 Aug 19 Aug 20 Aug 21 Aug 22 Sept 16 Sept 17 Sept 18 Sept 19 Oct 14 Oct 15 Nov 4 Nov 5 Nov 6 Nov 7 1.5701 1.3292 0.2653 0.7092 0.6178 1.0986 1.3398 1.4459 0
1.7111 1.7195 1.3453 1.6770 1.1683 1.1537 0.7231 1.6124 0.1249 0.4913 1.0403 1.0546 1.5397 1.3863 0.9170 1.7670 1.8407 1.2354 1.6514 0
1.3008 Sheet 7
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1973 30' TOP E-0 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 1.0156 0.8425 (N.N.S.)*
0 0.2147 0.3086 0
0 0.8472 0
30' TOP E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 0.1138 a
0.7621 0
0 0
0 0
0.8598 0
30' BOTTOM E-0 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 0.8198 2.0285 0.9621 0
1.7836 1.3977 1.1834 0.6500 2.1304 0
30' BOTTOM E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 0.9760 1.5464 0
1.0205 1.8435 1.3801 1.0114 0.5785 1.2741 0
30' TOP E-0 30' TOP 30' BOTTOM 30' BOTTOM E-2 Shannon Shannon Index Index 0.7351 0.6390 (N.N.S.)
0 0.1914 0.2868 0
0 0.6615 0
0.0900 0
0.5750 0
0 0
0 0
0.6662 0
- N.N.S.
= Net not set.
Sheet 8 E-0 Date 1973 Apr 28 May 24 May 25 June 15 July 15 July 16 Aug 9 Aug 10 Oct 4 Oct 5 E-2 Shannon Index 0.6449 1.8020 1.0397 0
1.5175 1.0798 0.9043 0.5586 1.7350 0
Shannon Index 0.6962 1.2475 0
0.8058 1.5058 1.1581 0.8852 0.5359 0.9802 0
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1974 40' TOP E-0 Brillouin Diversity Date Index 1974 (in bits)
Apr 21 Apr 22 May 23 May 24 June 17 June 18 July 18 July 20 Aug 22 Aug 23 Sept 24 Sept 25 Oct 24 Oct 25 0.9459 0.9742 0.7380 0.6166 0.3863 0.1533 0
0.3154 0
0 0.4007 0
0.7002 0.5870 40' TOP E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 0.6519 0.8397 0.8583 0.2460 0.5914 0
0 0.2683 0
0 0.5871 0.5871 0
0.5611 40' BOTTOM E-0 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 0.8454 0.6142 1.2909 1.4092 1.3812 1.3472 1.4524 1.9447 0.7955 1.9597 2.0529 0.8584 2.1018 1.8210 40' BOTTOM E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 1.0090 1.1397 1.1346 1.6697 1.0873 1.5790 1.2559 1.0338 1.0319 1.1223 0.7746 1.8559 0.3440 1.5936 40' TOP 40' TOP 40' BOTTOM 40' BOTTOM E-0 E-2 Shannon Shannon Index Index 0.6930 0.6920 0.5402 0.4896 0.2972 0.1230 0
0.2641 0
0 0.3557 0
0.6060 0.4450 0.4692 0.6012 0.6914 0.2023 0.5004 0
0 0.2449 0
0 0.6931 0.6931 0
0.4243 E-0 Shannon Index 0.6564 0.4513 1.0909 1.1053 1.0613 1.0455 1.0586 1.5272 0.7214 1.6826 1.6534 0.8675 1.9459 1.5102 E-2 Shannon Index 0.7306 0.8721 0.9840 1.3378 0.8457 1.2701 1.0196 0.8083 0.8605 1.0789 0.6146 1.6731 0.3250 1.3204 Sheet 9
TABLE 3.3-8 (Continued)
SPECIES DIVERSITY INDICES FROM FISH NET STUDIES GINNA -
1975 40' TOP E-0 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 40' TOP 40' BOTTOM 40' BOTtOM E-2 E-0 E-2 Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits)
Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits)
Brillouin Diversity Index (in bits) 40' TOP E-0 Shannon Index 40' TOP 40' BOTTOM 40' BOTTOM E-2 E-0 E-2 Shannon Shannon Index Index Shannon Index 1.4260 1.5990 1.8961 1.3323 1.5576 1.4196 N E T S 2.2169 1.9166 1.0172 1.0684 1.2376 0.5803 0.6255 0.5176 1.7100 May 8-9 May 20 May 21 May 22 May 23 June 24 June 25 June 26 June 27 July 9 July 10 July 12 Aug 5 Aug 19 Aug 20 Aug 21 Aug 22 Sept 16 Sept 17 Sept 18 Sept 19 Oct 14 Oct 15 Nov 4 Nov 5 Nov 6 Nov 7 0
0.1254 0
0 0
0 L L E D 0.6730 0
0.4634 0.1327 Sheet 10 Date 1975 1.6585 N OT P U 1.2502 1.9757 1.1223 1.9873 0
0.1506 0
0 0
0 0.7752 0
0.5089 0.1531 0.0869 0.0741 0
0 0
0 40' 0.4182 0
0 0.2662 0.0682 0.0616 0
0 0
0
- 0. 4101 0
0
- 0. 2287 1.1570 1.4389 1.4708 1.1596 1.4241 1.1883 1.7288 1.5873 1.0114 0.9143 0.9444 0.4397 0.4636 0.4169 1.4406 1.4546 1.0549 1.6380 1.0790 1.6873
TABLE 3.3-9 FISH NET STUDY SPECIES DIVERSITY COMPARISON t-TEST USING SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX VALUES OF PROBABILITY FOR GIVEN VALUES OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM AT SPECIFIC LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE GINNA -
1973 E-0 vs E-2 PLUME vs E-0 PLUME vs E-2 SHORE SHORE SHORE Date May 22, 1973 May 23-24, 1973 May 23, 1973 May 24, 1973 May 25, 1973 June 12, 1973 June 13, 1973 June 14, 1973 June 15, 1973 July 10, 1973 July 14ý,
1973 July 14-15, 1973 July 14-15, 1973 July 15, 1973 July 16, 1973 Aug 7, 1973 Aug 8, 1973 Aug 9, 1973 Aug 10, 1973 P
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
- 0. 001>P N.S.
N.S.
- 0. 001>P 0.001>P N.S.
N.S.
P 0.002>P 0.005>P 0.001>P 0.002>P N.S.
0.001>P 0.05>P+
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
0.001>P N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
- 0. 001>P
- 0. 001 >P
- Underlined values significant at minimum 99% level.
Significant at 95% level, minimum.
Sheet 1 P
N.S.
N.S.
0.02>P+
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
0.05>P+
0.02>P+
0.001>P N.S.
N.S.
- 0. 001 >P N.S.
TABLE 3.3-9 (Continued)
FISH NET STUDY SPECIES DIVERSITY COMPARISON t-TEST USING SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX VALUES OF PROBABILITY FOR GIVEN VALUES OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM AT SPECIFIC LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE GINNA 1913-1974 E-0 vs E-2 PLUME vs E-0 PLUME vs E-2 SHORE SHORE SHORE Date P
P P
Sept 11, 1973 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
Oct 2, 1973 N.S.
N.S.
0.001>P Oct 3, 1973 N.S.
0.002>P N.S.
Oct 4, 1973 N.S.
0.05>P+
0.001>P Oct 5, 1973 0.001>P N.S.
N.S.
Apr 18, 1974 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
Apr 21, 1974 0.001>P 0.001>P N.S.
Apr 22, 1974 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
Apr 25, 1974 N.S.
0.001>P N.S.
Apr 26, 1974 N.S.
N.S.
0.001>P May 21, 1974 N.S.
0.005>P 0.001>P May 22, 1974 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
May 23, 1974 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
May 24, 1974 0.001>P N.S.
0.001>P June 17, 1974 0.02>P+
0.05>P N.S.
June 18, 1974 N.S.
0.001>P N.S.
June 19, 1974 N.S.
0.01>P 0.002>P June 20, 1974 N.S.
0.002>P 0.001>P July 16, 1974 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
July 17, 1974 N.S.
0.001>P 0.001>P
- Underlined values significant at minimum 99% level; +Significant at 95% level, minimum.
Sheet 2
FISH NET STUDY SPECIES DIVERSITY COMPARISON t-TEST USING SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX VALUES OF PROBABILITY FOR GIVEN VALUES OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM AT SPECIFIC LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE GINNA -
1974 E-0 vs E-2 PLUME vs E-0 PLUME vs E-2 SHORE SHORE SHORE Date July 18, 1974 July 19, 1974 Aug 20, 1974 Aug 21, 1974 Aug 22, 1974 Aug 23, 1974 Sept 24, 1974 Sept 25, 1974 Sept 26, 1974 Sept 27, 1974 Oct 22, 1974 Oct 23, 1974 Oct 24, 1974 Oct 25, 1974 Nov 23, 1974 P
0.05> P+
0.01>P N.S.
0.01>P N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
P 0.01>P N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
P N.S.
+
0.05>P N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
- Underlined values significant at minimum 99% level.
+Significant at 95% level, minimum.
Sheet 3
FISH NET STUDY SPECIES DIVERSITY COMPARISON t-TEST USING SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX VALUES OF PROBABILITY FOR GIVEN VALUES OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM AT SPECIFIC LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE GINNA -
1973-1974 15' TOP 15' BOTTOM 30' TOP E-0 vs E-2 E-0 vs E-2 E-0 vs E-2 Date Apr 28, 1973 May 22, 1973 May 23, 1973 May 24-25, 1973 June 13-12, 1973 June 12, 1973 June 13, 1973 July 10, 1973 July 14, 1973 Aug 7, 1973 Aug 8, 1973 Sept 11, 1973 Oct 2, 1973 Oct 3, 1973 Oct 4, 1973 Apr 18, 1974 Apr 20, 1974 Apr 25, 1974 Apr 26, 1974 P
N.S.
N.S.
- 0. 02>P+
N.S.
0.001>P N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
0.001>P 0.05>P+
N.S.
N.S.
P N.S.
0.005>P 0.05>P+
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
0.02>P+
- 0. 002>P
- Underlined values significant at minimum 99% level.
Significant at 95% level, minimum.
P 0.001>P N.S.
0.05>P+
Sheet 4
TABLE 3.3-9 (Continued)
FISH NET STUDY SPECIES DIVERSITY COMPARISON t-TEST USING SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX VALUES OF PROBABILITY FOR GIVEN VALUES OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM AT SPECIFIC LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE GINNA -
1974 1
15' TOP E-0 vs E-2 15' BOTTOM E-0 vs E-2 30' T6P E-0 vs t-2 Date May 21, 1974 May 22, 1974 June 19, 1974 June 20, 1974 July 16, 1974 July 17, 1974 Aug 20, 1974 Aug 21, 1974 Sept 26, 1974 Sept 27, 1974 Oct 22, 1974 Oct 23, 1974 Nov 23, 1974 P
0.001>P N.S.
N.S.
0.02>P+
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
P 0.01>P N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
0.001>P 0.02>P+
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
P
- Underlined values significant at minimum 99% level.
+Significant at 95% level, minimum.
Sheet 5
FISH NET STUDY SPECIES DIVERSITY COMPARISON t-TEST USING SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX VALUES OF PROBABILITY FOR GIVEN VALUES OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM AT SPECIFIC LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE GINNA -
1973q-1974 30' BOTTOM 140' TOP 40' BOTTOM E-0 vs E-2 E-0 vs E-2 E-0 vs E-2 P
P P
Apr 28, 1973 N.S.
May 24, 1973 0.02>P+
July 15, 1973 N.S.
July 16, 1973 N.S.
Aug 9, 1973 0.001>P Aug 10, 1973 0.001>P Oct 4, 1973 N.S.
Apr 21, 1974 Apr 22, 1974 May 23, 1974 May 24, 1974 June 17, 1974 June 18, 1974 July 18, 1974 July 20, 1974 Aug 22, 1974 Aug 23, 1974 Sept 24, 1974 Sept 24-25, 1974 Sept 25, 1974 Oct 24, 1974 Oct 25, 1974
- Underlined values significant at minimum 99% level; 0.001>P 0.001>P
- 0. 02>P+
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
0.002>P N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
0.001>P N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
+Significant at 95% level, minimum.
Date Sheet 6
TABLE 3.3-10 FISH NET STUDY SPECIES DIVERSITY COMPARISON t-TEST USING SHANNON-WEAVER INDEX VALUES OF PROBABILITY FOR GIVEN VALUES OF DEGREES OF FREEDOM AT SPECIFIC LEVELS OF SIGNIFICANCE GINNA -
1975 E-0 vs E-2 E-0 vs E-2 vs 15' Top E-0 15' Bot E-0 40' Top E-0 40' Bot E-0 Date Shore Plume Plume 15' Top E-2 15' Bot E-2 40' Top E-2 40' Bot E-2 May 20 N.S.
<.01
<.05+
N.S.
4.001 May 21 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
May 22
<.01 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
May 23 N.S.
<.05 N.S.
N.S.
<.001 June 24
<.02+
<.001
<.001 N.S.
N.S.
June 25 N.S.
+
N.S.
N.S.
June 26 N.S.
<.001
<.02 N.S.
June 27
<.001 N.S.
<.001 N.S.
July 9 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
July 10 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
July 12 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
+
N.S.
Aug 19 N S.+
N S N.S.
<.025+
N.S.
Aug 20
<.02
<.05+
<.001
<.001 Aug 21 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
Aug 22 N.S.
N.S.
<.005 Sept 16 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
<.005 N.S.
Sept 17 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
Sept 18 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
<.01 Sept 19 N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
N.S.
Oct 14
<.005
<.001
<.001 N.S.
N.S.
Oct 15 N.S.
<.005
<.027 N.S.
N.S.
Nov 4
<.005 N.S.
<.05+
<.05+ +
Nov 5
<.0n5
<.01 N.S.
<.025+
N.S.
Nov 6
<.005
<.01 N.S.
N.S.
Nov 7
<.005
<.01 N.S.
N.S.
<.005
- Underlined values significant at minimum 99% level.
+Significant at 95% level, minimum.
FIGURE' 3.3 -1 w
V
%S
/
I
%\\
- 0.
I
°'*t
%I "IFI A
M 1
0 AVERAGE CATCH/UNIT EFFORT FOR EACH RIS
-FISH VERSUS SAMPLING MONTH N
FIGURE 3.3-2 loo.
OALEWIFE
,,0 WHITE PERCH SMELT SPOTTAIL SHINER BASS COHO SALMON Szz_
YBROWN TROUT S
15' 30' WATER DEPTH AVERAGE CATCH/UNIT EFFORT FOR EACH RIS - FISH VERSUS WATER DEPTH (DISTANCE FROM SHORE I
0 I&.
IL w
10.
I-.,
ma
- 0.
I.-
ma mJ w
h.0 40.1
ALEWIFE WHITE PERCH I00.
- 10.
1,0ý 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 AVERAGE CATCH/UNIT EFFORT FOR EACH SAMPLE YEAR RIS - FISH VERSUS eSPOTTAIL SHINER oSMALLMOUTH BASS
'SMELT COHO SALMON BROWN TROUT I
0 LL.
LL.
hi IL z
- 0.
ox c
w FG-URE.
3.3 -3