ML17285B314

Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2,1989 Annual Rept. W/900601 Ltr

ML17285B314
Person / Time
Site:	Columbia
Issue date:	12/31/1989
From:	BELL J C WASHINGTON PUBLIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM
To:	FITCH W L WASHINGTON, STATE OF
References
NUDOCS 9006120048
Download: ML17285B314 (252)

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.A'CCELERATED DISTRIBUTION DEMONSTION SYSTEM REGULATORY INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (RIDS)

SUBJECT:

"Operational Ecologic i ing Program f 2,1989 Annual Rept."/90060 tr.DISTRIBUTION CODE: C001D COPIES R CEIVED:LTR ENCL TITLE: Licensing Submittal:

Environmental Rept Amdt S r Nuclear Plant SIZE:/~+D Re ated Correspondence S NOTES: ACCESSION NBR'006 12 004 8 DOC DATE'~EBj~NOTARIZED'O DOCKET FACIL:50-397 WPPSS Nuclear Project, Unit 2, Washington Public Powe 05000397 AUTH.NAME AUTHOR AFFILIATION BELL, J.C.Washington Public Power Supply System.:.v<0 RECIP.NAME RECIPIENT AFFILIATION R 0 RECIPIENT ID CODE/NAME PD5 LA SAMWORTH,R INTERNAL: ACRS NRR/DET/ESGB 8D OGC/HDS2 RGN5 DRSS/RPB EXTERNAL:,EGS(G SIMPSON, F NRC PDR COPIES LTTR ENCL 3 3 ,1 1 ce I O]1 1 1 0 1 1 2 2 1 1 RECIPIENT~ID CODE/NAME PD5 PD AEOD/DS P/TPAB~B EG FIL 01 LPDR NSIC COPIES LTTR ENCL 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 A D D D NOTE TO ALL"RIDS" RECIPIENTS:

A D D PLEASE HELP US TO REDUCE WASTE!CONTACT THE DOCUMENT CONTROL DESK, ROOM Pl-37 (EXT.20079)TO ELIMINATE YOUR NAME FROM DISTRIBUTION LISTS FOR DOCUMENTS YOU DON'T NEED!TOTAL NUMBER OF COPIES REQUIRED: LTTR 22 ENCL~9-

WASHINGTON PUBLIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM P.O.Box 96S~3000 George Washington Way~Richland, Washington 99352 June l, 1990 Mr.William L.Fitch Executive Secretary Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council Mail Stop PY-ll Olympia, WA 98504

SUBJECT:

TRANSMITTAL OF OPERATIONAL ECOLOGICAL.

MONITORING PROGRAM NUCLEAR PLANT 2 ANNUAL REPORT

Dear,

Mr.Fitch: Enclosed are five (5)copies of the subject report.cg~~hg J.C.Bell, Manager Health and Sciences keh

Enclosure:

As stated.cc: 'ocument Control Desk, NRC (w/enclosure)

R.B.Samworth, NRC (w/enclosure)

CD BeckerBattelle (w/enclosure)

., IC Nelson, Battelle (w/enclosure)

~joQ+f20048 S91231 PDR.ADQCK 050003'97 GPERATIQNAK KCOI.CECAL MONITORING PROGRAM FOR~@K,EAR PI.ANf 2~utlulwcFN~tl IIuc Nlw~a SN%%iV NfSSQ4 1989 Ameual Report.6@~@kp'Sevhemmenfaf Scient Beparbne~N.

0~e NT Jean)~EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEHENTS.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~"~~~~~~~1 I TABLES~~~~~~~~~~~~~FIGURES~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~V

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND

.',................':..., 1-1 1.2 THE SITE 1.3 BIBLIOGRAPHY

~~~~~~~1'1-4 2.0 NOTABLE ENVIRONMENTAL OBSERVATIONS.

2-1

2.1 INTRODUCTION

2.2 HETMODS.2.3 RESULTS.2-1~~~~~~~~~~~~"2 1 2-1 3.0 FISH BIOASSAYS.

3-1

3.1 INTRODUCTION

4.0 WATER QUALITY 4-1

4.1 INTRODUCTION

4.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS.4-1'."."4-1 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 SAMPLE COLLECTION.

FIELD EQUIPMENT&MEASURE MENTS LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS.

'"."4~2 4-2 4-3 TABLE OF-C NTENT (Continued)

~-Sic~, 4.3 RESULTS.~~~~~'3.4.3.1 4,.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 TEMPERATURE.

DISSOLVED OXYGEN (DO).pH AND ALKALINITY.

CONDUCTIVITY TOTAL RESIDUAL CHLORINE (TRC).METALS 4-3 4-3 4-4 4-5 4-5 4-54..3.7 4.3.8 HARDNESS 4-7 OIL AND GREASE...~,........~4-7 4.3'4,.3.10 ,4,3.11 4.3.12 4.3.13 AMMONIA-NITROGEN AND NITRATE-NITROGEN.

TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND ORTHOPHOSPHORUS SULFATE.TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS, TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND TURBIDITY QUARTERLY DRINKING WELL MEASUREMENTS 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-9 4-9 4.4 DISCUSSION

4.5 BIBLIOGRAPHY

4-10~~~~~~'~w 4 1 0 5.0 COOLING TOWER DRIFT STUDIES: 5-1

5.1 INTRODUCTION

5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS.5-1 5-1 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6 HERBACEOUS CANOPY COVER.HERBACEOUS PHYTOMASS SHRUB CANOPY COVER.SHRUB DENSITY.SOIL CHEMISTRY VEGETATION CHEMISTRY~1 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-3., 5-4;1 III"-'"'Continued)

Sec~in 5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................'5-4 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4 5,3.5 HERBACEOUS COVER.HERBACEOUS PHYTOMASS SHRUB COVER AND DENSITY.SOIL CHEMISTRY VEGETATION CHEMISTRY 5-4 5-5.5-6 5-6 5-7~I 5.4

SUMMARY

AND CONCLUSIONS.

5.5 COOLING TONER DRIFT MODEL VALIDATION STUDY~~5-7 5-8~5.5.1 5.5.2 5.5.3 5.

5.4 INTRODUCTION

MATERIALS AND METHODS.SAMPLE PREPARATION AND COLLECTION.

SAMPLE MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS.I 5-8).'-8 5-9 5-9 5.6 BIBLIOGRAPHY 5-9 6.0 INTAKE STRUCTURE FOULING SURVEYS.I" 1~~~"'6 1

6.1 INTRODUCTION

It~~~~~I~6-1 7.0 CORBICULA CLAM SURVEYS.7-1

7.1 INTRODUCTION

7.2 METHODS AND MATERIALS'.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 8.0 AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY.

~II i 7-1 7-1 7-1 (8-'1

8.1 INTRODUCTION

8.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS.8.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

8.4 BIBLIOGRAPHY

.8-1 8-1 8-3 8-4

~.I"~<<f I Il I 1 I I~o I'p II I I<<

EXECUTIVE

SUMMARY

During 1989 there were no unusual events which resulted in significant environmental impacts from the operation of WNP-2.There were no unanticipated or emergency discharges of water or wastewater during the reporting period.Significant interstation differences could not be detected among any of the water quality parameters measured for nearly all sampling periods.All measurements taken, with the exception of the pH values recorded at all stations (including the control)during April, were within the water quality standards for class A waters both above and below the mixing zone.It appears that during 1989,'WNP-2 cooling water discharge had little effect upon Columbia River water quality.There were no fish bioassays performed during 1989'at WNP-2.The spring 1990 test was cancelled when the concentration of the circulating (cooling)water was reduced by approximately 50%due to plant condenser leakage problems.The first"flow through" bioassay is scheduled for fall 1990.Total herbaceous cover at fifteen sampling stations averaged 73.5%in 1989 representing a 126%increase over 1988.A corresponding increase in herbaceous phytomass was measured at all stations.Soil and vegetation analyte concentrations were generally lower than or similar to measure-ments made in previous years.Changes in vegetation cover and density recorded in 1989 appear to be climatically induced and no signs of adverse impacts from the operation of WNP-2 cooling towers are evident.Five aerial flightlines covering the areas of suspected high cooling tower drift deposition were photographed with color infrared film during May, 1989.Hone of the photographs revealed areas of vegetation stress and growth patterns remained consi,stent on all flightlines.

WLED EMENT Thi.s annual report,.prepared by Washington Public Power Supply System, describes the aquatic, terrestrial and water quality programs for Nuclear Project No.2 (WNP.-,2)..-Joe Bell-,ganager, Occupational Health and Environmental Sciences Terry E.Northstrom

-Supervisor, Environmental Sciences Sara L.Lindberg Environmental Scientist I John E.McDonald Environmental Scientist I Richard E.Welch Environmental Scientist I Lana S.Schleder,., Environmental Scientist II Kathryn E.Humphreys Admi ni s tr at i ve Spec i a 1 i s t g umberl-l 4-1 4-2 4-3 4 4 4-5 4-6 4-7 4-8 Ti tie Summary of Historical and Long-ter'm Enviro'nmental Monitoring Programs for WNP-2 Summary of Water Quality Parameters, Stations, and'ampling Frequencies, 1989 Summary of Water Quality Parameters and EPA Method Number Summary of Temperature Measurements for 1989 Summary of Dissolved Oxygen Measurements for 1989 Summary of pH Measurements for 1989 Summary of pH, Alkalinity and Hardness Measurements for 1989 Summary of Conductivity Measurements for 1989 Summary of Turbidity and Total Residu'al'Chlorine Measurements for 1989~PJ'S'1'-7" 4-'12 4-13 4-14 4-15 4-16 4-17 4-18 4-19 4-9 4-10 4-11 4-12~4-13 Summary of Summary of Summary of Summary of Summary of Summary of for 1989 Copper Measurements for 1989 Nickel and 2inc Measurements for 1989 Iron and Lead Measurements for 1989 Cadmium and Chromium Measurements for 1989'il and Grease, and Ammonia Measurements for 1989 Nitrate and Total Phosphorus Measurements

"'*'-20 4-P1 4-22 4-23 4-24 4-25 4-15 4-16 4-17 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-5 Summary of Orthophosphate and Sulfate Measurements for 1989 Summary of Total Dissolved and Total Suspended Solids'" Measurements for 1989 Quarterly Drinking Well Monitoring Measurements from'""'anuary-December 1989'ascular Plants Observed During 1989 Field Work Vascular Plants Observed During 1975-1989 Field Work Herbaceous Cover for Fifteen Sampling Stations-1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1989 Mean Frequency Values (%)by Species for Each Sampling Station-1989 4-26 4-27"'-'28 5-11 5-14 5-18 5-19 5-20

)(j r4$0~t~r 5-.6'-'7'-8'Continued)

T~il'Mean.~Te'rrestri a'1 P-hy.'tomass for 1989 Comparison of Herbaceous Phytomass for 1975 Through 1989 Summary of Shrub Density for 1989 Summary of Shrub Cover (%)at Five Stations for 1989 Summary of Soil'.Chemistry for 1989 Summary of Vegetation Chemistry for 1989 LI~Nmber 1-3 1-4 2-1 4-1 4-2 4-3 4 4 4-6 4-7 4 9 4-10 4-11 4-12 4-13 4-14 4-15 4-16 T~ii e WNP-2 Gross Thermal Production for 1989 WNP-2 Days Per Month Discharging and Mean Monthly Discharge WNP-2 Location Map Columbia River Mean Monthly Flow for 1989., WNP-2 Property Boundary Location of Sampling Stations in the Columbia River Sampling Station Locations for Water Chemistry Columbia River Temperature Measurements at Six Stations During 1989 Columbia River Dissolved Oxygen Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River pH Measurements at Six Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Alkalinity Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River Conductivity Measurements at Six Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Copper Measurements at Six Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Zinc Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Iron Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Lead Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Hardness Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River Nitrate-Nitrogen Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Sulfate Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Dissolved Solids Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Columbia River Total Suspended Solids Measurements at Four Stations During 1989~P~e 1~8'" 1-9(" 1-'10 2-".2 4-29 4-'30 4-31 4-32 4-33 4-34 4-35 4-36 4-37 4-38 4-39 4-40 4-41 4-42 4-43 4 44 L t fFi r (Continued)

/ymir 4-17-5-1 5-2-, 5-.3 5-4 ,5-.5 5-6 15-7 5-8 5-9 5-10 5-11 5-12 5-13 5-14-:5-15.-5-16 5-17 5-18~Ti ie Columbia River;Turbidity Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 Soil and Vegetation Sampling Location Map Layout of Vegetation and Soil Sampling Plots Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1979 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1980 Through 1984 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1985 Through 1989 Mean (%)Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover, Total Precipitation, and Mean Temperature From 1982 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Phytomass for May 1989 Mean Herbaceous Phytomass at Grassland and Shrub Stations for 1975 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G01 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G02 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G03 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G04 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G05 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G06 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G07 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G08 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S01 for 1980 Through 1989 4-45~5-27 5-28 5-29 5-30 5-31 5-32 5-33 5-34 5-35 5-36 5 37~5-38 5-39 5-40 5-41 5-42 5-43 5-44 0 Li~f'Fi (Continued)

/giber 0 5-19 5-20 5-21 5-22 5-23 5-24 5-25 5-26 5-27 5-28 5-30 5-31 5-32 5-33 5-34 5-35 5-36 5-37 5-38 5-39 5-40 5-41 5-42 5-43 0 5-44~Ti le Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for'tation S02"for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S03 for'980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S04 for 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S05 for 1980 Through 1989 1)t Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S06 for'" 1980 Through 1989 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for 1980 Through 1989 Shrub Density at Five Stations for 1984 Through 1989 Mean Total Shrub Cover for 1975 Through 1989-Shrub Cover and Density for Five Stations for 1989 Soil pH for 1980 Through 1983 Soil pH for 1984 through 1989 Soil Conductivity for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Conductivity for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Sulfate for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Sulfate for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Chloride for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Chloride for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Bicarbonate for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Bicarbonate for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Copper for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Copper for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Lead for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Lead for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Nickel for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Nickel for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Cadmium for 1980 Through 1983 vii (Continued) ggmttmr 5-45 5-46 5-47, 5-48 5-49 5-50 5-51 5-52 5-53 5-54 5-55 5-56 5-57 5-58 5-59 5-60 5-61 5-62 5-63 5-64 5-65 5-66 5-67 T~il Soil Cadmium for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Zinc for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Zinc for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Chromium for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Chromium for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Sodium for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Sodium for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Potassium for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Potassium for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Calcium for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Calcium for 1984 Through 1989 Soil Magnesium for 1980 Through 1983 Soil Magnesium for 1984 Through 1989 Copper Concentration (ug/g)in~imbr~im~lissimum by Station for 1984 Through 1989 Copper Concentration (ug/g>in~Po~and er i'y Station for 1984 Through 1989 Copper Concentration (ug/g)in~Ar~i~iy,+rigengatg by Station for 1984 Through 1989 PP I t t (glgt (~t for 1984 Through 1989 p t t((lt (e I 11 I I for 1984 Through 1989 Copper Concentration (ug/g)in Br~mu~ec orgies by Station for 1984 Through 1989 Total Vegetation Copper for May 1989 CII'I I t t'II~Itl tt 1984 Through 1989 Chloride Concentration

<%)in~imllri~m gtl~is imum by Station for 1984 Through 1989 Chloride Concentration

(%)in Artep~i iZ trident~by Station for 1984 Through 1989 tdLLe5-72 5-73 5-74 5-75 5-76 5-77 5-78 5-79 5-80 5-81 5-82 5-83 5-84 5-85 5-86 5-87 5-88 5-89 5-90 5-91 5-92 5-93 vi 1 1 (Continued)

N umber 5-68 5-69 5-70 5-71 5-72 5-73 5-74 5-75 5-76~i 577 5-78 5-79 5-80 8-1~Ti~l Cbl'Id C t t\('ll\'ll~i by 5t tl for 1984 Through 1989 Chloride Concentration (X)in B~m~~t~u by Station'or 1984 Through 1989 d C I t\('ll\" I bi'bttl for 1984 Through 1989 Total Vegetation Chloride for May 1989 Total Vegetation Sulfate for May 1989 Sd Sulfate Concentrations

(%>in~P Zandllder ii by Station for 1984 Through 1989 5 5 Sulfate Concentration t%>in B~rm>>S~tec or m by Stati'ton for 1984 Through 1989 Sulfate Concentration

<%>in A~remi i~rigeniuLtdt by Station for 1984 Through 1989 51(t C tl ('ll I bl~td by5ttl for 1984 Through 1989 Sulfate Concentration in Phl~~l ngi~f~li by Station for 1984 Through 1989 bitt C t tl\'ll I~II I~(i I~~by Station for 1984 Through 1989 Location Map of Cooling Tower Drift Monitoring Sites Cooling Tower Drift Collection Vessel Aerial Photography Flightlines d'5 I 5 5-94 5-95 5-96 5-97 5-98 5-99 5-100 5-101 5-102 5-103 5-104 5-105 5-106

e.

1.0 BA K R ND Hashington Public Power Supply System (Supply System)began site prepa-ration for Nuclear Plant Number 2 (HNP-2)near Richland, Hashington in March 1973.HNP-2 loaded fuel in December 1983, reached approximately 75 percent thermal load in November 1984, and began commercial opera-tion in December 1984.The Site Certification Agreement (SCA)for HNP-2, executed on May 17, 1972, between the State of Hashington and the Supply System requires that ecological monitoring be conducted during the preoperational and operational phases of site development and use.The Hashington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC)approved a change in 1978 to the technical scope of environmental monitoring required by the SCA (EFSEC Resolution No.132, January 23, 1978).In 1980, the aquatic and water quality portions of the preoperational monitoring program were terminated (EFSEC Resolution No.166, March 24, 1980).The following year the preoperational and operational terrestrial monitoring program scope for HNP-2 was modified (EFSEC Resolution No.193, May 26, 1981).Prior to operation, the council reviewed the preoperational aquatic monitoring data and approved the operational monitoring program (EFSEC Resolution No.214, November 8, 1982).The Supply System in 1974 retained Battelle Pacific Northwest Labora-tories (BNH)to conduct the preoperational.

aquatic monitoring for HNP-2.The results of aquatic studies performed from September 1974 through August 1978 are presented in various reports (Battelle 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979a and 1979b).From August 1978 through March 1980 the aquatic studies were performed by Beak Consultants, Inc.(Beak 1980).In 1982 the Supply System analyzed the 1974-1980 aquatic data and presented the results and a recommended operational monitoring program to EFSEC (Mudge et.al., 1982).The operational.program was accepted with minor modifications and initiated in March 1983.Because of operational conditions, the plant did not consistently discharge liquid effluents until the fall of 1984.Figures 1-1 and 1-2 present summaries of electrical generation and monthly discharges for 1989.Terrestrial monitoring was initiated in 1974 and was conducted by BNH until 1979 (Rickard and Gano, 1976, 1977, 1979a, 1979b).Beak Consultants, Inc.performed the vegetation monitoring program from 1980-1982 (Beak 1981, 1982a, 1982b).Since 1983, Supply System scientists have been responsible for the vegetation aspects of the program (Northstrom et.al.1984;Supply System 1985, 1986, 1987).During 1981'he animal studies program was taken over by Supply System scientists and results were reported annually (Schleder 1982, 1983, 1984;Supply System 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988).The first comprehensive operational environmental report was prepared by Supply System scientists in 1984 (Supply System 1985).During their regular meeting of September 14, 1987 the Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council approved Resolution No.239 which adopted a long-term environmental Monitoring Program for WNP-2.This decision was based upon the council's examination of the document titled~R v~w Ii~h~Envir nm nt 1 n'1 rin Pr r m f r WWP-wi h ecommen tions~disa<\d II th t..98).mary of the monitoring program conducted through September 1987, and the long term program adopted in EFSEC Resolution No.239 is presented in Table 1-1.This report presents the results of the Ecological Monitoring Program (EMP)for the period January 1989 through December 1989.1.2~THE ITE The WNP-2 plant site i s located 19 km (12 miles)north of Richland, Washington in Benton County (Figure 1-3).The Supply System has leased 441 hectares (1089 acres)from the U.S.Department of Energy's Hanford Site for HNP-2.1-2 HNP-2 lies within the boundaries of the Columbia Basin, an extensive area south of the Columbia River between the Cascade Range and Blue Mountains in Oregon and approximately two thirds of the area lying east of the Cascades in Washington.

The plant communities within the region are described as shrub-steppe communities consisting of various layers of perennial grasses overlayed'y a discontinuous layer of shrubs, In general, moisture relations do not support arborescent species except along streambanks.

Aproximately 5 km (3.25 miles)to the east, the site is bounded by the Columbia River.In August of 1984 a range fire destroyed much of the shrub cover which occupied the site and temporarily modified the shrub-steppe associations which were formerly present.The aquatic and water quality sampling stations are located near the west bank of the Columbia River at mile 352.Sampling was limited to the main channel Benton County side which, near the site, averages 370 meters (1200 feet)wide at a river elevation of 105 meters (345 feet)above sea level and ranges to 7.3 meters (24 feet)deep.Sampling stations have been established in the river both upstream and down-stream from the plant intake and discharge structures.

The river-level in this area fluctuates considerably diurnally and from day-to-day in response to release patterns at the Priest Rapids Dam (River Mile 397).These fluctuations cause large areas of river bottom to be alternately exposed and covered.The river bottom within the study area varies from exposed Ringold conglomerate to boulders, cobble, gravel, and sand.River velocities at the surface average approxi-mately 2 meters (5 to 6 feet)per second in this area of the river, and water temperature varies from approximately 0 to 22 C.The flow of the Columbia River at HNP-2 is controlled by releases from Priest Rapids Dam.The minimum flow, measured at the USGS stream-quality station located at river mile 388.1 near the Vernita bridge, was 37,200 cfs, while average and maximum flows in 1989 were 101,599 cfs and 293,000 cfs, respectively (Figure 1-4).1-3 The terrestrial sampling locations are all within an 8 km (5 mile)radius from HNP-2.The topography is flat to gently rolling, gradually increasing from an elevation of 114 meters (375 feet)at the riparian sampling locations to approximately 152 meters (500 feet)at more distant shrubgrass sample stations.R Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.

1976.Aquatic ecological studies conducted near WNP-l, 2, and 4, September 1974 through September 1975, Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol.2.Richland, WA, Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.

1977.Aquatic ecological studies near WNP-l, 2, and 4, October 1975 through February 1976.Supply System Columbia River Ecology Studies Vol.3.Richland, HA.Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.

1978'quatic ecological studies near WNP-1, 2, and 4, March through December 1976.Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol~4.Richland, WA.Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.

1979a.Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-l, 2, and 4, March through December 1977.Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol.5.Richland, HA.Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.

1979b.Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-l, 2, and 4, January through August 1978.Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol.6.Richland, WA.Beak Consultants, Inc.'980.Aquatic ecological studies near HNP-l, 2, and 4, August 1978 through March 1980.Supply System Columbia River ecology studies Vol.7.Portland, OR.Beak Consultants, Inc.1981.Terrestrial monitoring studies near WNP-l, 2, and 4, May through December 1980.Portland, OR.1-4 Beak Consultants, Inc.1982a.Terrestrial monitoring studies near WNP-l, 2, and 4, May through December 1981.Portl'and, OR.Beak Consultants, Inc.1982b.Preoperational terrestrial monitoring studies near HNP-1, 2, and 4, May through August 1982.Portland, OR.Davis, W.III and T.E.Northstrom.

1987.Review of the environmental monitoring program for WNP-1 with recommendations for design of con-tinuing studies.Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, HA.Mudge, J.E., T.B.Stables, W.Davis III.1982.Technical review of the aquatic monitoring program of WNP-2.Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland WA.Northstrom, T.E, J.L.Hickam and T.B.Stables.1984.Terrestrial monitoring studies for 1983.Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, WA.Rickard, W.H.and K.A.Gano.1976.Terrestial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4.Progress report for the period July 1974 to June 1975.Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, HA.Rickard, H.H.and K.A.Gano.1977.Terrestial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4.Progress report for 1976.Battelle Pacific North-west Laboratories, Richland, WA.Rickard, H,H.and K,A.Gano.1979a.Terrestial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4.Progress report for 1977.Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, WA.1-5 Rickard, W.H.and K.A.Gano.1979b.Terrestial ecology studies in the vicinity of Washington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Projects 1 and 4.Progress report for 1978.Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories, Richland, HA.Schleder, L.S.1982.Preoperational animal studies near HNP-1, 2 and 4.Annual report for 1981.Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, WA.Schleder, L.S.1983.Preoperational animal studies near WNP-1, 2 and 4.Annual report for 1982.Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, HA.Schleder, L.S.1984.Preoperational animal studies near WNP-1, 2 and 4.Annual report for 1983.Washington Public Power Supply System, Richland, WA.Hashington Public Power Supply System.1985.Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2.Annual report for 1984.Richland, HA.Washington Public Power Supply System.1986.Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2.Annual report for 1985.Richland, HA.Washington Public Power Supply System.1987.Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2.Annual report for 1986.Richland, WA.Washington Public Power Supply System.1988.Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2.Annual Report for 1987.Richland, WA.Washington Public Power Supply System.1989.Operational ecological monitoring program for Nuclear Plant 2.Annual Report for 1988.Richland, HA.1-6

~Table 1-1 Summary of Historical and Long-term Environmental Monitoring Programs for NNP-2 if'r r Hi ri 1 Pr r Pr Pr r Asiatic clam-inspections in response to an NRC information bulletin.These inspections will continue based upon our technical response to Inspection and Enforcement Bulletin 81-03.Water qual i ty Program Samples are collected at 4 stations;an upstream control, nearfield just downstream of discharge, just past the end of the mixing zone, and 1800 feet downstream of the discharge.

Continue with slight modifications to the location of the nearfield and downstream station.Add vertical samples to the station at the edge of the mixing zone and increase sampling for copper, the best tracer of the discharge which we have identified.

Terrestrial Annimal Program Oeer and Rabbits-Six plots were reduced to three as the result of fire.Terminated 1987 Birds-Spring and Fall surveys are conducted.

Terminated 1987 Terrestrial Soil and~getation Vegetation and soil samples are collected each spring at four glassland and 5 shrubland sites.Continue with the addition of six new sites.Oiscontinue fluoride and mercury measure-ments.Aerial Photography

-Currently not performed.

Initiate annual program to assess changes in vegetation'errestrial Bioassays-None conducted.

Conduct bioassays on selected plant species utilizing soil exposed to cooling tower drift.Initially conduct the bioassays annually.Cooling Tower Orift Indirect drift information from vegetation and soil chemistry data.Oevelop a program to directly monitor the pattern and chemistry of the cooling tower drift.Aquatic Biology Program Periphyton

-Collected quarterly or twice quarterly from 16 artificial sampler stations in the Columbia River.Terminated 1987 Benthic Nacrofauna

-Collected quarterly from 8 artificial sampler stations in the Columbia River.Terminated 1987 1-7 Table l-l.Summary of Historical and Long Term Environmental Honitoring Programs for WNP-2 (Cont)~S~iX.iz Euarsm~i'.'~~r~r

~op~yd~r~r'tm Aquatic Biology Program (Cont)Fish-Four static bioassays were required by EFSEC.Addi tional bioassays have been performed to support changes in chemistry of the circulating water.Conduct flow through bioassays.

Drift studies in the discharge plume.Regulatory commitment has been completed~No further'studies are proposed.Entrainment studies in the intake water pumphouse.

Regulatory conmitment has been completed.

No further studies are proposed.Impingement studies.Regulatory commitment has been completed.

No further studies are proposed;however, incidental observations will be made when maintenance inspections of the intakes are conducted.

1-8 3.00 2.75 2.50 CD CD w Q FJ~Cn LtJ~CD CA M Hg 2.25 2.00 1.75 1.50 1.25 1,00 F.75.50.25 0 g.L JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 Figure l-l WNP-2 Gross Thermal Production for 1989

~.

31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 Z 21 cn 18 17 I 16 1+11 10 Cl 9 8 7 6 5 3 2 1 0 JAN FEB MARAPR MAY JUN JULAUG SEP OCTNOV DEC't 989 30 21 C)ED CO 18 jo H C)I 15 cnO Cl (5 cz~g 9 0 DAYS GPD FigUre 1-2 HNP-2 Days Per Month Discharging and Mean Month1y Discharge

311~0~~aaaacalt~Off l I~I~~1 , I 0 00'I tao tt fr~~~~t I EE I aa I aaa 1'I i 311 312~)~t~~IN Wl ore e or I OLLILCata ao Preaeoaaa e I e a>>a vataf f At>>tar~a<>0 gluaa C tf I RI>>0 to Iru 310~@la 0$~~r.u'!acta PLANT 2 r~1 of.'I~C Cav Cal I r VA~I I~a~AO 0 I>>r\I vwtKx ,a~0$~aa 2cra 2 I I~0 Ia to V~iR~'0~T~tora a~'31 2~t la>>>>A CII i'~le Ia IA~to av>>>>t La 0 I F r a IIO e e r 4 rt~~:F;..I" Co 0~~sr vtai~aag 0 0 04~0 0 I V t~~el eel Laall ao~2 I I~2~"12~n~.I" 0 era~r AO I I I I r Iaaf a!t 2 0 I (~.o 1 el>>tal 1 to CPO 0 0 llv~~3~Aca'Na~e res r V Cto error~'ta caaat Luo Vcuaart a v AL Ct Iaaoa~I AMO~crtl', I~a I 0 I P I Nato a r I,>>~Itlflv I~1 IL r.~Scarf os V~c 1 Oa~"~err o'a alt~a erasers MMA>>aat D all~Oa st'l Oa eeo~AW~r e r r ,AP~~ta>>toao ot1>>a a aaaaotco ao oa U oaa>>EL ao~oaa lail~ocaroaaf Lao l LI art>>f lalfla ra vo~s lial~lola, lro~e EMERGENCY PlAN ZONE MAP 10 MILt IIADWS i~i SCC~ass~1 s or Yea I 2I I tl II~0 0 0 S1!PFI Y SYSTFS1$f 3c2 3C3 3C3 3CC~Il a woea Figure 1-3 HNP-2 Location Hap

~e 0 300000 272000 o MEAN 244000 21 6000 MIN.188000 160000 Q cD 132000 104000 76000 48000 20000 JAN FEB MARAPR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MONTH Figure 1-4 Columbia River Mean Monthly Flow for 1989 e.C 11 0 2.0 NOTABLE ENVIR NMENTAL OBSERVATIONS

~.~C Any occurrence of an unusual or notable event that indicates or could result in a significant environmental impact causally related to plant operation shall be recorded and reported to the NRC within 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br /> followed by a written report.The following are examples: excessive bird impaction events, onsite plant or animal disease outbreaks, mortality or unusual occurrence of any species protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, fish kills, increase in nuisance organisms or conditions, and a significant, unanticipated or emergency discharge of waste water or chemical substances.

2.2~METHOD Heekly ground surveys were conducted from January 1st through December 31st to document the occurrence of unusual species or events within the property boundary of INP-2 (Figure 2.1).Additional information was supplied by security and environmental personnel'.

3 HQQQQ There were no unusual or notable events which resulted in significant environmental impacts from the operation of HNP-2.Notable avian observations included, sightings of+gila~hr~se~t (Golden Eagle)d M hog (Amer i can Hhi te Pelican).There were no unanticipated or emergency discharges of water or wastewater during the reporting period.2-1 ASHE SUBSTATION ROAD H.J.ASHE SUBSTATION

El OO~OO WNP-2 SANITARY Q4 WASTE FACILITY RANGE ROAD SECURITY FIRING RANGE I I I I I I O~PUMP HOUSE ROAD i PROPER7Y LINE WNP-1 PUMP-HOUSE ROAD WNP-2 RIVER PUMP-HOUS 0 0 O 0 C U)X C m g3 EMERGENCY RESPONSE/PLANT SUPPORT FACILITY WNP-2 ACCESS ROAD Q 0 K O O BENTON SWITCHING STATGN Figure 2-1 llNP-2 Property Boundary 871032.4 FEB 1988 3.0 FI H BI A 3.There were no plant effluent characterization bioassays performed during 1989 (see 1988 Annual Report for a description of this type of test).Completion of the flow-through system, including chiller and temper-ature conditioning unit, was delayed until mid-January 1990 due to problems associated with the manufacturing and delivery of system components.

Preliminary testing was performed in February, with the first bioassay scheduled for late March, 1990.The Washington Depart-ment of Fisheries Permit (granted February 6, 1989)was extended to April 1, 1990 to allow acquisition of chinook smolts from the Ringold Hatchery.Development of a minor problem with WNP-2's condensers (January 1990)forced plant operations to reduce the concentration of the circulating water from 12 cycles (normal operating level)to 5 cycles.In addi-tion, a gradual reduction in power of from approximately 100 percent to near 80 percent was scheduled to be performed prior to the annual maintenance outage (April, 1990).From these events, it was determined that an appropriate assessment of the effect of WNP-2's effluent on Columbia River salmonids could not be performed during the spring'test.The first flow-through bioassay has been rescheduled for Fall, 1990.3-1 4.0 HATER ggALITY The water quality monitoring program documents the chemical character of the Columbia River in the vicinity of the HNP-2 discharge.

The monitoring data is used to assess if chemical changes in the Columbia River result from HNP-2 cooling tower blowdown.The program is per-formed to comply with EFSEC Resolution No.239.Columbia River surface water was sampled monthly January 1989 through December 1989.Samples were collected near River Mile 352 from four stations numbered 1, 7, 11, and 8 (Figure 4-1, 4-2).Station 1 is upstream of the HNP-2 intake and discharge and represents a control.Station 7 is in the center of the mixing zone approximately 45 meters (150 feet)downstream of the discharge and provides a measure of near-field discharge effects.Station ll, at 91 meters (300 feet)down-stream from the discharge, represents the extremity of the mixing zone allowed by HNP-2's National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)permit.Sub-stations 11M and llB sample water from middle and bottom depths, respectively.

Station 8 is approximately 568 meters (1870 feet)downstream from the discharge and represents a location where the discharge is well mixed in the Columbia River.The samples were analyzed for temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity, turbidity, total alkalinity, total hardness, filterable residue (total dissolved solids), nonfilterable residue (total sus-pended solids), ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus, orthophosphorus, sulfate, oil and grease, total residual chlorine, total copper, total iron, total zinc, total nickel, total lead, total cadmium and total chromium.A summary of water quality parameters, stations and sample frequencies is presented in Table 4-1.4-1 Columbia River samples were collected by boat approximately 300 feet from the Benton County shore.Temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and.pH were determined in-situ with portable instruments.

Hater for total metal, conductivity, sulfate, total phosphorus, orthophosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, turbidity, total alkalinity and total hardness analyses was collected in one-liter polypropylene cubitainers and kept on ice until delivered to the Supply System's Environmental Programs Laboratory (EPL).Water for total copper analysis from Stations 11M and llB were collected in 125 ml nalgene bottles with an All-Teflon pump and Tygon tubing.In the" laboratory the metals samples were acidified to 0.5%with concentrated nitric acidDeterminations for filterable residue, non-filterable residue, and total residual chlorine were made on water samples col-lected in 3.8-liter polypropylene cubitainers and kept on ice until delivered to the Supply System's Radiological Services Laboratory (RSL).Hater for oil and grease analysis was skimmed from the surface into solvent rinsed borosilicate glass bottles.After collection, samples were placed on ice and transported to the RSL for analysis..2, n Ma rmng Surface temperature and dissolved oxygen measurements were made using a Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI)Model 57 meter.Temperature was recorded to within O.l C after the probe had been allowed to equili-brate in the river for a minimum of one minute.The field probe was calibrated monthly, against an NBS-traceable thermometer in the laboratory.

The DO meter was air-calibrated prior to each field sample date per manufacturer's instruction.

In addition, Winkler DO measurements were made every month and results were compared to the field probe.4-2 Conductivity measurements were made with an IBM Model EC105-lA meter and YSI model 33 and 34 meters.Prior to each sample date, measure-ments of conductivity standards were performed, pH measurements were made with an IBM Model EC105-2A portable pH meter.Prior to each use the instrument was calibrated using pH standards of 4.0, 7.0, and 10.0.If necessary, the probes were adjusted to within 0.1 unit of the standards.

4.2.3 L~b~~or~e~u~rmen~t Total metals, sulfate, conductivity, phosphorus, orthophosphorus, ammonia-nitrogen, nitrate-nitrogen, turbidity, total alkalinity and total hardness were determined by Supply System Environmental Programs personnel.

The remaining analyses were performed by Supply System's Radiological Services personnel.

Sample holding times followed those recommended by the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA 1983).Analyses were performed per USEPA (1983)and ASTM approved methods (Table 4-2).4.3 g E$U~LT Columbia River temperatures varied seasonally with a minimum tempera-ture of 2.2'C at Stations 1, 7, 11 and 8 on February 23rd and a maximum of 19.5 C at Stations 11M and 11B on July 27 (Table 4-3).River temperatures measured in 1989 are presented graphically in Figure 4-3.4.3.2 Di lv x n D The mean and range of DO measurements for each sample station are presented in Table 4-4.Columbia River DO concentrations ranged from 4-3 9.0 mg/1 at Stations 7, 11 and 8 in October to 13.0 mg/1 at Station 7 in April.The mean DO concentrations ranged from 10.8 mg/1 at Station 8 to 10.9 mg/1 at Stations 1, 7, and ll.The largest interstation difference in DO occurred between Station 1 (12.2 mg/1)and Station 7 (13.0 mg/1)"in April.DO concentrations were inversely related to river temperature as would be expected from solubility laws.DO levels were never below the 8 mg/1 water quality standard for Class A waters (WDOE 1988)indicating good water quality with respect to dissolved oxygen throughout the year.Dissolved oxygen measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-4..3.3~tl 1 Columbia River mean pH values ranged from 7.82 at Station 7 to 7.90 at Station llM (Table 4-5).pH varied with a measured minimum of 7'3 at Station 7 in December to a maximum of 8.60 at Station 1 in April.The variation in pH between sample stations is small.The largest differ-ence of 0.33 standard units occurred between Station 1 (pH 7.88)and Station 7 (pH 7.55)in October.The pH water quality standard for Class A waters is from 6.5 to 8.5 (WDOE 1988).Measurements for all stations during April were slightly outside this range.pH measurements, presented graphically in Figure 4-5, generally agree with historical data for the Columbia River (Silker 1964).The alkalinity of a water is a measure of its capacity to neutralize acids and is generally due to the presence of carbonates, bicarbonates, phosphates, silicates, borates, and hydroxides.

Columbia River alka-linities ranged from 43.0 to 62.5 mg/1 as calcium carbonate (Table 4-6).The greatest interstation differences occurred in December between Station 1 (50.0 mg/1)and Station 8 (59.0 mg/1).The alka-linity measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-6.4 4 Conductivity is a measure of the ionic content of a solution.Columbia River conductivity measurements ranged from 110'uS/cm at 25'C at Station 1 ih June to 176.1 uS/cm at 25'C at Station 11B in February (Table 4-7).Station mean conductivities ranged from 141.5 uS/cm at 25 C at Station 1 to 148.8 uS/cm at 25'C at Stations llN and llB.The conductivity results are very comparable to those reported in earlier studies of the Columbia River (Si lker 1964).The measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-7.Total residual chlorine (TRC)measurements for 1989 were less than the measured detection limit of 50 ug/1 (Table 4-8).TRC measurements were made using the Amperometric Titration Hethod.This method has a detection limit of 50 ug/l.4.3.6 M~talZ ToMiMmg~e Columbia River mean total copper values ranged from 1.3 ug/1 at Station 8 to 1.6 ug/1 at Stations 1 and llM (Table 4-9).Individual copper measurements ranged from 0.8 ug/1 to 2.9 ug/1.The largest interstation difference in copper (2.1 ug/1)occurred between Station llH (2.9 ug/1)and Station 8 (0.8 ug/1)in February.Our copper results show good agreement with earlier studies.In 1962, Silker (1964)analyzed 27 Columbia River samples collected upstream of HNP-2 and reported a mean copper concentration of 4.3 ug/1.Neutron activation analysis of Columbia River water was done in 1968-1969 by 4-5 Cushing and Rancitelli (1972).They reported a mean copper concen-tration of 1.4 ug/1.Florence and Batley (1977)state that total copper concentrations in the range of 0.3-3.0 ug/1 are found in many unpolluted fresh-water rivers throughout the world.The Hanford reach of the Columbia River would generally be in that category.T~l~in Mean total zinc measurements ranged from 6.4 ug/1 at Stations ll and 8 to 6.9 ug/1 at Station 7<Table 4-10).Individual zinc measurements ranged from 2.1 ug/1 at Station 8 to 15.0 ug/1 at Station ll.The greatest interstation difference (2.7 ug/1)occurred between Station 7 (6.7 ug/1)and Station 11 (4.0 ug/1)in September.

Jg~l~Ir Ln, Columbia River mean iron concentrations ranged from 52.6 ug/1 at Station 11 to 59.2 ug/1 at Station 1 (Table 4-11).The greatest interstation difference in concentration of 31 ug/1 occurred between Station 1 (21.0 ug/1)and Station 8 (52.0 ug/1)in October.T 1Ni 1 Mean total nickel concentrations ranged from 0.6 ug/1 to 0.7 ug/1 (Table 4-10).Nickel concentrations showed little variation through time or between sample locations.

T~~le~d Mean total lead concentrations ranged from 1.0 ug/1 at Station 8 to 1.4 ug/1 at Station 1 (Table 4-11).The greatest interstation differ-ence (1.8 ug/1)occurred between Station 8<1.5 ug/1)and Station 1 (3.3 ug/1)in January.4-6 T~~l~d~mi Mean cadmium concentrations were fairly low and ranged from 0.1 ug/1 at Station 7 to 0.2 ug/1 at Stations 1, ll and 8 (Table 4-12).Several individual measurements were below the minimum detection limit of 0.1 ug/1.No significant interstation differences were evident.~Tl h~i Mean chromium concentrations ranged from 0.1 ug/1 at Stations 7, 11, and 8 to 0.2 ug/1 at Station 1.The 1.8 ug/1 reported for Station 1 during July is uncharacteristic and probably represents a contaminated sample rather than an actual Columbia River chromium measurement.

Total copper, total zinc, total iron, and total lead measurements are presented graphically in Figures 4-8, 4-9, 4-10 and 4-11, respectively.

4.3.7~rahu Hardness indicates the quantity of divalent metallic cations present in the system, principally calcium and magnesium ions.Hardness ranged from 51.6 to 87.8 mg/1 as calcium carbonate (Table 4-6).Mean hardness values ranged from 65.9 mg/1 at Station 1 to 68.7 mg/1 at Station 11.The hardness measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-12.'3.8 QLII Oil and grease values were below the detectionlimit of 0.5 mg/1 for all stations and periods.Oil and grease measurements are summarized in Table 4-13.4-7 4.3.9 ggg n-N Ammonia and nitrate are forms of nitrogen commonly found in water systems.Both nitrate and ammonia are assimilated by plants and con-verted to proteins.Common sources of nitrate and ammonia to the aquatic system are breakdown of organic matter in the soil, industrial discharges, fertilizers and septic tank leachate.Ammonia concentrations ranged from<0.01 to 0.07 mg-N/1 (Table 4-13).Nitrate concentrations ranged from<0.01 to 0.30 mg-N/1.The nitrate measurements are summarized in Table 4-14.The nitrate measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-13.4.3.10~Ta~lh~pho~r~nd~r~h~hhoOr,i s Phosphorus is a required nutrient for plant growth and, while found in certain minerals, is commonly added to streams through fertilizers, treated sewage, and septic tank leachate.Measured total phosphorus concentrations ranged from<0.1 to 0.13 mg-P/l.Orthophosphorus concentrations ranged from<0'1 to 0.03 mg-P/1 (Table 4-15).4.3.11 5ggf~Mean sulfate concentrations ranged from 10.9 mg/1 at Station 1 to 11.9 mg/1'at Stations 7 and ll (Table 4-15).Individual sulfate measure-ments ranged from 7.5 to 20.6 mg/1.Generally, sulfate concentrations between stations were similar with the largest difference of 3.1 mg/1 occurring in October between Stations 1 and 7.Sulfuric acid is added at HNP-2 to control circulating water pH and a by-product is sulfate.Based on the river measurements, HNP-2 discharges are not appreciably altering river sulfate concentrations.

Total sulfate measurements are presented graphically in Figure 4-14.4-8 4.3.12 T 1 Di lve o id S s e e i and T r i i Total dissolved solids or total filterable residue, TDS, is defined as that portion of the total residue that passes through a glass fiber filter and r'emains after ignition at 180'C for one hour.Total dissolved solids do not necessarily represent only the dissolved con-stituents but may also include colloidal materials and some small particulates.

The mean TDS measured in the Columbia River varied from~l" 80.5 mg/1 at Station 7 to 83.4 mg/1 at Station 1 (Table 4-16).There were no consistent differences in TDS concentrations between stations or through time.Total suspended solids (TSS)or total nonfilterable residue is the material retained on a standard glass fiber filter after filtration of a well-mixed sample.TSS concentrations were generally low and varied from<0.5 to 9.4 mg/1 (Table 4-16).Mean TSS concentrations ranged from 2.2 mg/1 at Station ll to 3.7 mg/1 at Station l.Turbidity is a measure of the suspended matter that interferes with the passage of light through water.In the Columbia River, measured turbidities were low and ranged from 0.60 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU)to 2.20 NTU (Table 4-8).Total dissolved solids, total suspended solids and turbidity data are presented graphically in Figures 4-15, 4-16, and 4-17.~I~IN The results of the 1989 quarterly drinking well water analyses for pH, alkalinity, nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus and orthophosphorus are presented in Table 4-17'H values ranged from 7.81 to 8.52 which are similar to river pH measurements (Table 4-5).The other parameters are comparable to river measurements and have the following value ranges: alkalinity, 37.1-39.0 mg/1;nitrate-nitrogen, 0.02-0.19 mg/1.Total-phosphorus and orthophosphorus were below detection limits for all periods.4-9 4.4 D On nearly all sampling periods, significant interstation differences could not be detected for any of the measured parameters.

Results for Stations 11M&118 were consistant with surface measure-ments and generally indicate that the discharge plume is well mixed and uniform in its vertical dispersion as it exits the mixing zone.r r Overall, it appears that, with respect to all the measured parameters sampled under the operating conditions prevailing during 1989, HNP-2 cooling water discharge had little effect upon Columbia River water quality.4.5~BIBLl~AJPPY Cushing,'.E., and L.A.Rancitelli.

1972.Trace element analyses of Columbia River water and phytoplankton.

Northwest Science 46(2):115-121.

Florence, T.M.and G.E.Batley.1977.Determination of the chemical forms of trace metals in natural waters with special reference to copper, lead, cadmium and zinc.Talanta 24:151-158.

Silker, W.B.1964.Variations in elemental concentrations in the Columbia River.Limnol.Oceanogr.9:540-545.

Environmental Protection Agency.1983.Methods for chemical analysis of water and wastes'nvironmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH.Washington Department of Ecology.1988.Water Quality Standards for Surface Haters of the State of Washington.

Hater Quality Planning Office of Hater Programs.Olympia, HA.4-10 Washington Public Power Supply System.1987.Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2.Annual Report for 1986.Richland, WA.Washington Public Power Supply System.1988.Operational Ecological Monitoring Program for Nuclear Plant 2.Annual Report for 1987'ichland, WA.4-11 Parameter quantity (flow)Temperature Dissolved Oxygen pH Turbidi ty Total Alkalini ty Filterable Residue (Total Dissolved Solid)Nonfilterable Residue (Suspended Solids)Conductivity Iron (Total)Copper (Total)Nickel (Total)Zinc (Total)Lead (Total)Cadmium (Total)Chromium (Total)Sulfate Ammonia Nitrogen Nitrate Nitrogen Table 4-1.Summary of Water ()uality Parameters, Stations, and Sampling Frequencies, 1989 Wells in Stations Vicinity of 7++ll ill f 118 8 Plant Site+-~'rtho Phosphorus Total Phosphorus Oil and Grease Chlorine, Total Residual Iiardness~o$ym~b~l H=Honthly ()=()uarterly

+Samples wi 11 be collected if wells are being used for drinking water.-Analysis not required"" Samples taken in triplicate

++Samples collected only if the plant is operating.

4-12 Table 4-2.Summary of Water Quality Parameters, EPA and ASTM Method Number P~rmeQr Water Temperature

('C)Turbidity, (NTU)Conductivity (umhos/cm) at 25'C Dissolved Oxygen<mg/1)probe Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)Modified Winkler pH (Standard Unit)EPA Method ASTM Method Ngggqr~ube 1'70.1 180.1 120.1 360.1 360.2 150.1 Total Alkalinity (mg/1 as CaC03)Total Hardness (mg/1 as CaC03)Oil and Grease (mg/1)Nitrogen, Ammonia, Total (mg/1 as N)Nitrate Nitrogen, Total (mg/1 as N)Total Phosphorus (mg/1 as P)Ortho Phosphorus (mg/1 as P)Sulfate (mg/1 as S04)Total Copper (ug/1 as Cu)Total Iron<ug/1 as Fe)Total Nickel<ug/1 as Ni)Total 2inc (ug/1 as 2n)Total Lead (ug/1 as P6)Total Cadmium (ug/1 as Cd)Total Chromium (ug/1 as Cr)Total Residual Chlorine (ug/1)Filterable Residue: Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)Non-Filterable Residue: Total Suspended Solids (mg/1)310.1 130.2, 6010 413.2 350.3 352.1 365.2 365.2 375.4 220.1, 220.2, 200.7 236.1, 236.2, 200.7 249.1, 249.2 289.1, 289.2, 200.7 239.1, 239.2 213.1, 213.2 218.1, 218'330.1 160.1 160.2 D4327-88 D4327-88 D4327-88 4-13 Table 4-3.Summary of Temperature Measurements for 1989.Temperature (Degrees C)Sample Date 11M 118 01/18/89 02/23/89 03/15/89 04/12/89 05/25/89 06/15/89 3.8 3.8 3.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 3.0 3.0 3.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 11.5 15.2 4'2.7 3.3 7.2 4.9 3.8 2.8 2'3.4 3.0 7.2 7.0 07/27/89 19.2 19.0 19.0 19.5 19.5 19.0 08/29/89 19.0 19.0 19.0 09/19/89 17.8 17.8 17.8 19.0 19.0 19.0 17.6 17.9 17.8 10/30/89 11/15/89 12/14/89 7.5 7.7 7.3 7.3 7', 7.5 13.6 13.7 13.7 14.0 13.7 13.7 11.6 11.5 11.7 11.7 11.5 11.6 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 11.0 10.5 10'10.7 10.7 10.5 5.94 6.32 6.34 6.19 6.17 6.33 19.2 19.0 19.0 19.5 19.5 19.0 2.2 2'2.2 2.7 2.8 2.2 4-14 Table 4-4.Summary of Dissolved Oxygen Measurements for 1989.Dissolved Oxygen (mg/1)Sample Date 01/18/89 02/23/89 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.3 12.0 11.9 11.9 11.8 03/15/89 11.6 11.6 11.8 11.6 04/12/89 05/25/89 06/15/89 07/27/89 08/29/89 09/19/89 10/30/89 11/15/89 12/14/89 9.6 9.6 9.1 9.8 9.9 9.8 9.7 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.0 9.0 9.0 10.3 9.8 9.8 10.6 11.0 10'10.6 NA NA NA NA 12.2 13.0 12.6 12.5 11.8 11.1 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 10.9 10.9 10.9 10.9 1.14 1.26 1.27 1.23 12.4 13.0 12.6 12.5 9.1 9,0 9.0 9.0 4-15 Sample Date Table 4-5.Summary of pH Measurements for 1989.pH 11M 118 01/18/89 02/23/89 03/15/89 8.04 7.92 8.01 8.04 8.04 8.04 7.78 7'3 7.81 7.78 7.72 7.84 8.16 8.09 7.99 8.10 8.12 8.12 04/12/89 8.60 8.55 8.58 8.52 8.57 8.52 05/25/89 06/15/89 07/27/89 08/29/89 09/19/89 10/30/89 11/15/89 7~97 7.52 8.09 8.03 8.14 8'6 8.05 8.10 8.02 7.98 8.06 8'1 8.05 8.08 7.58 7.63 7.55 7.68 7.64 7.60 7.88 7.55 7.60 7.78 7.61 7.66 7.57 7.46 7.49 7'2 7.59 7.55 12/14/89 7.35 7.23 7.27 7.26 7.35 7.38 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 7.88 7.82 7.85 7.90 7.87 7.89 0.33 0,36 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 8.60 8.55 8.58 8.52.8.57 8.52 7.35 7.23 7.27 7.26 7.35 7.38 4-16 Table 4-6.Summary of Alkalinity and Hardness Measurements for 1989.Total Alkalinity'mg/1)

Total Hardness (mg/1)Sample Date 7, 11 8 Sample Date 1 7 11 8 01/18/89 60.0 62.5 62.5 62.5 02/23/89 60.0 60.0 62.0 60.0 03/15/89 60.0 62.0 62.0 62'04/12/89 60.0 62.0 61.0 61.0 01/18/89 66.0 65.0 66.0 66.0 02/23/89 77.3 74.7 74.9 74.8 03/15/89 75.3 76.0 77.4 78.7 04/12/89 86.3 87.8 85.6 84.6 05/25/89 53.0 06/15/89 55.0 05/25/89 06/15/89 59.6 51.6 07/27/89 50.0 48.0 45.0 43.0 08/29/89 53.0 56.0 57.0 55.0 09/19/89 55.0 55.0 56.0 55.0 10/30/89 59'59,0 59.0 60.0 11/15/89 56.0 56.0 55.0 56.0 12/14/89 50.0 58.0 58.0 59'07/27/89 53'54.2 55.4 54.4 08/29/89 64.9 66.7 69.5 64'09/19/89 60.5 62.4 62.5 61.9 10/30/89 60.8 66.4 65.8 64.3 11/15/89 63.9 64'63.1 65.1 12/14/89 70.6 67.3 67.2 67.4 Mean SD 55.9 57.9 57.8 57.4 3.71 4.17 4.95 5.45 Mean SD 65.9 68.5 68.7 68'9.62 8.62 8.15 8.35 Maximum 60.0 62.5 62'62.5 Minimum 50.0 48.0 45.0 43.0 Maximum 86.3 87.8 85.6 84.6 Minimum 51.6 54.2'5.4 54.4 4-17 Table 4-7.Summary of Conductivity Measurements for 1989.Conductivity at 25 C (uS/cm)Sample Date 01/18/89 02/23/89 03/15/89 1 7 11 11M 118 8 140.0 142.0 148.0 134.3 136.6 147.0 174.1 171.6 171.5 173.8 176.1 170.7 168.4 169.6 171.2 173.1 174.5 170.1 04/12/89 164.7 165.3 165.6 166.3 164.9 164.2 05/25/89 06/15/89 07I27I89 125.0 110.4 124.3 123.2 125.4 128.8 128.8 125.4 08/29/89 135.4 136.9 136.1 137.0 139.3 135.9 09/19/89 10/30/89 135.6 140.3 136.3 137.6 142.6 137.2 139.6 142.2 146.0 143.0 139.8 135.6 11/15/89 134.1 134.3 134.0 134.0 139.7 133.4 12/14/89 146.7 145.9 148.3 146.4 146.0 146.3 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 141.5 147.1 148.2 147.4 148.8 146.6 18.30 15.78 15.69 16.24 15.86 15.46 174.1 171.6 171.5 173.8 176.1 170.7 110.4 123.2 125.4 128.8 128.8 125.4 4-18 Table 4-8.Summary of Turbidity and Total Residual Chlorine Measurements for 1989.Sample Date Turbidity (NTU)Sample Date Total Residual Chlorine (mg/1)ll 8 01/18/89 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 02/23/89 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.9 03/15/89 1.8 1.4 1.5 1.4 04/12/89 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 01/18/89<0,05<0.05<0.05<0.05 02/23/89<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05 03/15/89<0 F 05<0.05<0.05<0.05 04/12/89<0.05<0.05<0'5<0.05 05/25/89 06/15/89 2.2 1.8 05/25/89<0.05 06/15/89<0.05 07/27/89 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.2 08/29/89 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 09/19/89 0.9 0.9 0.9 0~9 10/30/89 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 11/15/89 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 12/14/89 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 07/27/89<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05 08/29/89<0.05<0'5<0.05<0.05 09/19/89<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05 10/30/89<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05 11/15/89<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05 12/14/89'<0.05<0.05<0.05<0.05 Mean 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.0 Mean SD 0.45 0.24 0'2 0.18 SD Maximum 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.4 Minimum 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 Maximum Mi ni mum 4-19 Table 4-9.Summary of Copper Measurements for 1989.Copper (ug/1)Sample Date 01/18/89 02/23/89 03/15/89 2.2 0.9 1.4 04/12/89 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.4 1.7.ll 11M 118 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.8 1.1 29 13 08 1.6 1~3 1.3 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.3 1.5 05/25/89 2.0 07/27/89 08/29/89 09/19/89 10/30/89 2.0 1~2 1~2 1.7 11/15/89 0.9 06/15/89 1.8 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.8 0.8 1.0 1.6 1.8 0.8 12/14/89 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.0 2.3 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 16 14 14 16 14 13 0.42 0.39 0.42 0.53 0.34 0.48 2.2 1.8 2.3 2.9 2.0 2.3 0.9 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.8 4-20 Table 4-10.Summary of Nickel and Zinc Measurements for 1989.Nickel (ug/1)Sample Date 1 7 ll 8 01/18/89 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.5 Sample Date Zinc (ug/1)1 7 11 8 01/18/89 14.0 14.0 15.0 13.0 02/23/89 03/15/89 04/12/89 05/25/89 06/15/89 07/27/89 08/29/89 09/19/89 10/30/89 11/15/89~12/14/89 0.8 0~9 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.5 0.9 0'0.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.5 0.4 0.2 1.1 0.6 0'0.5 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1<0.1<0.1 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.1<0.1 02/23/89 9.0 9.0 9.0 8.0 04/12/89 05/25/89 06/15/89 07/27/89 8.0 8.0 6'7.0 11.7 6.3 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 08/29/89 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.4 09/19/89 4.9 6.7 4.0 6.0 10/30/89 4.4 4.1 5.2 3.8 11/15/89 3.0 5.2 4.0 4.9 12/14/89 4.7 5.4 5.7 4.3 03/15/89 9.0 10.0 9.0 10.0 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 0.7 0.6 0'0.6 0.34 0.44 0.59 0.72 1.2 1.6 2.1 2.5 0.2 0.1<0.1<0.1 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 6'6.9 6.4 6.4 3.45 3.28 3.52 3.09 14.0 14.0 15.0 13.0 2.7 2.3 2.3 2.1 Samples below detection limit were considered as one-half for calculation of means.4-21 Table 4-11.Summary of Iron and Lead Measurements for 1989.Sample Date Iron (ug/1)1,7 11 8 Sample Date Lead (ug/1)1 7 11 8 0 01/18/89 50.3 52.4 48.3 49.9 02/23/89 34.8 49.4 39.5 35.4 03/15/89 87.4 81.8 80'86.9 04/12/89 67.0 77.0 66.0 76.0 01/18/89 3.3 3.0 1.7 1.5 02/23/89 1.5 2.0 1.7 1.6 03/15/89 1.1 2.2 1.7 1.1 04/12/89 1.5 1.7 1.6 1.1 05/25/89 06/15/89 110.0 110.0 05/25/89 06/15/89 2.6 1.8 07/27/89 40.0 28.0 34.0 28.0 08/29/89 47.0 50.0 53.0 47.0 09/19/89 23.0 27.0 30.0 30.0 10/30/89 21.0 51.0 49.0 52.0 11/15/89 74.0 74.0 74.0 65.0 12/14/89 46.0 54.0 52.0 57.0 12/14/89 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.8~07/27/89 0.8 0.9 1.1 1.0 08/29/89 0.9 0.3 0.5 0.7 09/19/89 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 10/30/89 0.9 0.8.0.7 0.6 11/15/89 0'0.6 0.1 0.2 Mean SD 59.2 54.5 52.6 52.7 29.40 17.76 15'2 18.30 Maximum 110.0 81.8 80.4 86.9 Minimum 21.0 27.0 30.0 28.0 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 0.81 0.84 0.61 0.41 3.3 3.0 1~7 1.6 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.2 4-22 Table 4-12.Summary of Cadmium and Chromium Measurements for 1989.Cadmium (ug/1)Sample Date 1 7 11 8 01/18/89 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 02/23/89<0.1 0.1 0.1<0.1 03/15/89 0.1 0.1 0.2<0.1 04/12/89<0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 Chromium (ug/1)Sample Date 1 7 ll 8 01/18/89 0.1 0.1<0.1<0.1 02/23/89 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.1 03/15/89<0.1<0~1<0.1<0.1 04/12/89 0'<0.1<0.1 05/25/89 06/15/89 0.1 1.2 05/25/89 0.1 06/15/89<0.1 07/27/89 0.2<0.1 0.2 0.1 08/29/89 0.3<0.1 0.5 0.5 09/19/89 0.2 0.3 0.1 0.2 07/27/89 1.8 0.4 0.2<0.1 08/29/89 0.1<0.1<0.1 0.1 09/19/89 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 10/30/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 10/30/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 11/15/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 12/14/89<0.1<0.1<0.1 0.3 11/15/89<0.1<0.1<0~1<0.1 11/15/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 Mean SD 0.2 0.1 0'0.2 0'2 0.13 0.14 0.16 Mean SD 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.51 0.14 0.07 0.07 Maximum 0.'3 0.3 0.5 0.5 Minimum<0.1<O.l<O.l<0.1 Maximum 1.8 0.4 0.2 0.2 Minimum<0.1<0.1<F 1<0.1 Samples below detection limit were considered as one-half for calculation of means.4-23 Table 4-13.Summary of Oil and Grease, and Ammonia Measurements for 1989.Sample Date Oil, 5 Grease (mg/1)7 11 8 Sample Date Ammonia (mg NH3-N/1)1 7 ll 01/18/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 02/23/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 03/15/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 04/12/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 05/25/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 06/15/89<0.5 07/27/89<0.5 08/29/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 09/19/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 10/30/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 11/15/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 12/14/89<0.5<0.5<0.5<0.5 01/18/89<0.01<0 F 01<0.01<0.01 02/23/89 0.02 0'2 0.02 0.02 03/15/89 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 04/12/89 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 05/25/89<0.01 06/15/89<0.01 07/27/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 08/29/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 09/19/89 0.06 0.06 0'6 0.06 10/30/89 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 11/15/89 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 12/14/89 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.0 0 Mean SD Mean SD 0.02 0.03 0.03 0'3 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Maximum Minimum Maximum 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 Minimum<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 Samples below detection limit were considered as one-half for calculation of means.4-24 Table 4-14.Summary of Nitrate and Total Phosphorus Measurements for 1989.Ni trate (mg/1)Sample Date 1 7 11'01/18/89 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.21 02/23/89 0.14 0.14 0.14 0'4 03/15/89 0.13 0.13 0,13 0.13 04/12/89 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 05/25/89 0.05 06/15/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 07/27/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 08/29/89<dl<dl<dl<dl 09/19/89 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 10/30/89 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 11/15/89 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.09~12/14/89 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 Sample Date Total Phosphorus (mg/1)1 7 11 8 09/19/89 na na na na 10/30/89 0.13 0.12<0.1<0.1 11/15/89 0.1 0.11 0.1 0.13 12/14/89<0.1<0.1<0.1 0.13 01/18/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 02/23/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 03/15/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 04/12/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 05/25/89<0.1 06/15/89<0.1 07/27/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 08/29/89<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 Mean 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 Mean SD 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 Maximum 0.30 0.25 0.22 0.21 Minimum<0.01<0.01'<0.01<0.01 SD Maximum 0.13 0.12 0.1 0.13 Minimum<0.1<0.1<0.1<0.1 I Samples below detection limit were considered as one-half for calculation of means.4-25 Table 4-15.Summary for Orthophosphate and Sulfate Measurements for 1989.Orthophosphate (mg/1)Sample Date 1 7 ll 01/18/89 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 02/23/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 03/15/89<0.01<0,01<0.01<0.01 04/12/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 Sample Date Sulfate (mg/1)1 7 11 01/18/89 11.5 11.5 12.0 12.8 02/23/89 13'13.9 14'13.9 03/15/89 12.6 12.7 13.0 12.7 04/12/89 12.5 13.1 13.7 12.6 05/25/89<0 F 01 06/15/89<0.01 05/25/89 06/15/89 8.8 7.5 07/27/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 08/29/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 07 I27I89 8.2 8.3 8.4 08/29/89 8.6 8.5 8.5 8.3 F 1 09/19/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 10/30/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 11/15/89<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 12/14/89<0.01<0.01<0.01.<0.01 09/19/89 19.9 20.2 20.0 20.6 10/30/89 9.4 12.5 10.3 9.8 11/15/89 8.3 8.3 8.5 8.6 12/14/89 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.5~Mean SD Mean SD 10.9 11.9 11.9 11.8 3.35 3.45 3.47 3.51 Maximum 0.03 0.03 0'3 0.03 Minimum<0.01<0.01<0.01<0.01 Minimum.7.5 8.3 8.4 8.3 Maximum 19.9 20.2 20.0 20.6 4-26 Table 4-16.Summary of Total Dissolved and Total Suspended Solids Measurements for 1989.Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1)Sample Date'1 7 11 8 Sample Date Total Suspended Solids (mg/1)1 7 11 8 01/18/89 97.0 85.0 96.0 99.0 02/23/89 86.0 80.0 90.0 76.0 03/15/89 56.0 60.0 59.0 65.0 04/12/89 100.0 104.0 100.0 92.0 01/18/89 1~0 1.2 1.3 1~2 02/23/89 4.6 1.2<0'0.6 03/15/89 2.3 0.8<0.5 0.9 04/12/89 3.5 3.4 3.2 3.9 05/25/89 92.0 06/15/89 109.0 05/25/89 06/15/89 6.8 9.4 07/27/89 67.0 66.0 69.0 68.0 08/29/89 82.0 85.0 85.0 91'09/19/89 75.0 76.0 74.0 78.0 10/30/89 78.0 83.0 82.0 85.0 11/15/89 77.0 81.0 85.0 83.0 12/14/89 82.0 85.0 86.0 82.0 10/30/89 2.4 3.0 2.6 2.7 11/15/89 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.7 12/14/89 0.8 1~4 0.7 1.5 07/27/89 2.5 2.5 2.4 2.6 08/29/89 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.7 09/19/89 3.6 3.8 3.4 3.4 Mean 83.4 80.5 82.6 81.9 SD 14.03 11.27 11.73 10.08 Maximum 109.0 104.0 100.0 99.0 Minimum 56.0 60.0 59.0 65.0 Mean SD Maximum Minimum 3.7 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.35 1.23 1.34 1.28 9.4 4.7 4.6 4.7 0.8 0.8<0.5 0.6 Samples below detection limit were considered as one-half for calculation of means.4-27 Table 4-17 Quarterly Drinking Well Moni toring Measurements January-December 1989 D~i~03/15/89 7.81 38.0 na<0.1 tLlla~linit

• ~Nitr e*T-poe*0 P-IP4*na 06/15/89 8.24 37.1 0.06<0.1 09/19/99 12/14/89 na 8.52 na 39.0 0.19 0.02<0.1<0.1 na*mg/1 4-28 Plow sland Mesquit Island WNP-2 Discharge~7~11 River Mile-352 58 Power Lines Figure 4-1 Location of Sampling Stations in the Columbia River 4-29 Station 1 River Flow WNP-2 Intake Structures 555m (1 822 feet)To Plant WNP-2 Discharge 44m (146 feet)Station 7 P Statton 11, 11M, 118 63m (208 feet)568m (187 feet)461m (1516 feet)(Not to scale)Station 8 890989.1 Oct 1989 Figure 4-2 Sampling Station Locations for Hater Chemistry 4-30 20 18 16 14 CS LxJ 12 10 P-Q STATION Kl EZlKl 11B 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 989 Figure 4-3 Co1umbia River Temperature Measure-ments at Six Stations Ouring 1989 20 18 16 STATION Kl C2~Kl II iz Ch II Cl U7~0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 Figure 4-4 Co1umbia River Dissolved Oxygen Measurements at Four Stations During 1989

~o 9.0 8.5 8,0 7.5 STATION gg, 7 E2 11M W 11S EZ.7.0 6.5 6.0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 989 Figure 4-5 Co1umbia River pH Measurements at Six Stations Ouring 1989

100 STATION 90 80 8 C3 SQ 70 50 30 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 989 Figure 4-6 Columbia River Total Alkalinity Measurements at Four Stations During 1989

~.~o 200 190 180 170 CA~wc&160 LA N IJJ~g 150~CA g a=140 C3 130 8 STATION Kl 7 E3<<11M M>~a E7i].120 110 100 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 Figure 4-7 Columbia River Conductivity Measure-ments at Six Stations During,1989 O.~s 3.0 2.5 2.0 STATlON Kl EB 11M 11B 1.0.5 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 Figure 4-8 CoIumbia River Tota1 Copper Measure-ments at Six Stations During 1989 1 5.0 STATION h 13.5 12.0 10.5 I 9.0 V~K cA~I 75 O O I-CY 6.0 4.5 3.0 1.5 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUI AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 Figure 4-9 Columbia River Total Zinc Measurements at Four Stations During'l989 200 180 160 STATION Kl E3 I 120~Vl 100 P-80 60 20 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 989 Figure 4-10 Columbia River Total Iron Measurements at Four Stations During 1989

~'s 4.0 STATlON 3.5 3.0 2.5 Il'o O V I-~1.5 1.0 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 Figure 4-11 Co1umbia River Tota1 Lead Measurements at Four Stations During 1989

~.~o 90 STATION 85 80 C)CD~~75 QJ Q I 1 70~65 60 50 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 figure 4-12 Columbia River Total Hardness Measure'-ments at Four Stations During 1989-

.36.32.28 STATION Kl E2 LgJ~e24 o~g L-.20 Im.16.12.08.04 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 989 Figure 4-13 Co1umbia River Nitrate-Nitrogen Heasurements at Four Stations During 1989 30 25 STATION Kl E3 20 g I~Pll I 15 10 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 989 Figure 4-14 C01umbia River Tota1 Su1fate Measure-ments at Four Stations During 1989

~.~o 200 180 160 140 STATION E3 E2 120 I~00 N 100 g 80 60 20 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1 989 Figure 4-15 Columbia River Total Dissolved Solids Measurements at Four Stations During'1 989

~.~e STATION JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 Figure 4-16 Co1umbia River Tota1 Suspended So1ids Measurements at Four Stations During 1989 3.00 2.T5 2.50 2.25 2.00 STATION Kl 7 E2 Fig.1.75 1.50 C5 cn 1.25 1.00.T5.50.25 0 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC 1989 Figure 4-17 Columbia River Turbidity Measurements, at Four Stations During 1989 l

5.0 I T W DRIFT T DIE 5.1~INTR DUCTION The cooling tower drift studies were designed to identify any impact of cool-ing tower operation upon the surrounding plant communities,'as well as any edaphic impacts.The program includes the measurement of herbaceous and shrub canopy cover, shrub density, herbaceous phytomass, vegetation chemistry and soil chemistry.

Soil chemical parameters measured include pH, carbonate, bicarbonate, sulfate, chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead, chromium, nickel, cadmium, and conductivity.

Vegetation chemistry includes extractable sulfate, ch'loride and total copper.This study provides post-operational data for comparisons with preoperational data and meets the requirements of Washington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC)Resolutions 193 and 194 dated Hay 26, 1981.In past years, sampling was conducted in Hay at each of nine permanent stations, four grassland Stations GOl-G04, and five shrub Stations S01-S05.In 1989, an additional six stations were added to the sampling progi am, four grassland sites G05, G06, G07 and G08 and 2 shrub Stations S06 and S07.Two of these Stations, S06 and S07 are on the east side of the Columbia River in Franklin County.Figure 5-1 shows the location of each station.The orientation of the various components including transects and productivity plots within each community are depicted in Figure 5-2.Sl<<5.2.1~Hrb cg~~nq~'~vr Fifty microplots (20 cm x 50 cm)were placed at 1-m intervals on alternate sides of the herbaceous transect (Figure 5-2).Canopy cover was estimated for each species occurring within a microplot using Daubenmii e's (1968)cover classes.Data were recorded on standard data sheet.5-1 Quality assurance was accomplished by twice sampling three randomly selected microplots on each herbaceous transect.The entire transect was resampled if cover estimates for any major species (>50 percent frequency) differed by more than one cover class.All vegetation studies including cover, density, productivity, and chemistry were sampled, as in previous years, at the peak of the cheatgrass growth cycle known as the purple stage (Klemmedson and Smith 1964).5.2.2 e b Phytomass sampling was conducted concurrently with cover sampling.Phytomass sampling plots were randomly located within an area adjacent to the permanent transects or plots (Figure 5-2)~At each station, all live herbaceous vege-tation rooted in five randomly located microplots (20 x 50 cm)was clipped to ground level and placed in paper bags.Each bag was stapled shut and labeled with station code, plot number, date and personnel.

Sample bags were transported to the laboratory, opened, and placed in a drying oven at 50'C for 24 hours2.777778e-4 days <br />0.00667 hours <br />3.968254e-5 weeks <br />9.132e-6 months <br />.Following drying, the bags were removed singly~from the oven and their contents immediately weighed to the nearest 0.1 g.Laboratory quality assurance consisted of independently reworking 10 percent of the phytomass samples to assess data validity and reliability.

5.2.3~hr~~n~~vr Five 50-m lines were used to measure shrub canopy cover in each of the five shrub plots (Figure 5-2).Whenever a shrub was crossed by a tape stretched between the end posts, its species and the distance (cm)at which it inter-cepted the line were recorded.For each shrub plot, intercept distances of each species along all five lines were summed to give a total intercept distance.From this, a shrub canopy cover value (percent)was obtained by dividing total intercept distance by total line length.5-2 Quality assurance procedures consisted of twice sampling one major species along a randomly selected shrub transect.Resampling was conducted if intercept lengths differed by more than 10 percent.Individual live shrubs were counted and recorded by species within each of the four strips delineated by shrub intercept transects (Figure 5-2).Number of shrubs per strip were summed to obtain shrub density by species for the entire 1000 m2 plot.Sampling was concurrent with cover sampling.Quality assurance consisted of resampling one randomly selected species within one strip.Resampling was conducted if the count difference exceeded one individual.

5.2.5>~i(hark At each of the fifteen grassland and shrub stations, five soil samples were collected from the top 15 cm of soil with a clean stainless steel trowel.The samples were placed in 250 ml sterile plastic cups with lids, labeled and refrigerated at 4'C.Sixteen parameters were analyzed in each sample includ-ing pH, bicarbonate, carbonate, conductivity, sulfate, chloride, copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium, lead, chromium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium.

Samples were analyzed for pH, bicarbonate, carbonate, sulfate, chloride and conductivity according to f i i (1965).Samples for cadmium and lead were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectro-scopy according to F r h m An 1 i f W er n W (USEPA 1983).The remaining elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICPES)(USEPA 1983).Aliquots of soil for trace metal analyses were digested according to Gilman (1989).Preservation times and conditions, when utilized, were according to USEPA (1983).Laboratory quality control comprised 10%-20%of the sample analysis load.Routine quality assurance analyses included internal laboratory standards, reagent blanks, and prepared EPA or NBS controls.5-3 Samples of~Br~m~~~rm,~P~n~rii,~Ar m~ii~ie~+and Pu~rl~i~r j)~tg were collected at each station.Two species were substituted at some of the stations due to absence of one or more of those listed above.Substi tute species were~Phl~ln i~f1 and~lymi)rium

~li~im.Samples were collected at the same time as soil samples and as close to the soil sampling station as possible.Sufficient quantities of leafy material of each species were collected to yield at least five grams of dry weight.The clipped material was sealed in a plastic bag, labeled and refrigerated at 4 C until analyzed.In the laboratory, the clipped plant tissue was oven dried to a constant weight, ground in a Wiley mill and digested according to Gilman (1989).Sulfate was analyzed by nephalometry and chloride by mercuric chloride titration according to USEPA (1983).Copper was analyzed by ICPES according to USEPA (1983).5.3~ELT~$D DI~C+$+Qg~o During the 1989 season, 58 plant taxa were observed in the study area.These are presented in Table 5-1.Table 5-2 lists by year the species of vascular plants observed during field activities from 1975-1989.

5.3.1 ge~rb g~~i~gvqr Herbaceous cover data for 1989 are summarized in Tables 5-3 and 5-4.Figures 5-3, 5-4, 5-5, and 5-6 provide a comparison with the data of previous years.Total herbaceous cover averaged 73.5%in 1989 which represents a marked increase over 1988 (32.5%).As in previous years, the dominant annual grass was~Byg~+~with 24.1%followed by fegtu~gc~fl<~r with 0.25%.Perennial grasses averaged 32.5%in comparison to 11.63%in 1988.~P y,~~r ii (29.3%)was the dominant perennial grass at most stations followed by~i~a~~(2.1%).5-4 Total annual forb cover averaged 11.3%, up from the 5.0%measured in 1988.~Da~vern was the dominant component with 3.5%followed by H~lt~m~m~l~tj11 (1.9%)and~i~rs~r~i gr~i~l with 1.7%.Perennial forb cover increased 28%over 1988 (5.4%vs.4.2%).The dominant ILt (.6i).CM X~bi (.%%u>d~nor i~i~(0.9%).Species frequency values (%)for each station were similar to previous years and are summarized in Table 5-5~The greatest diversity of species was observed at Station S02 (20)while the smallest was observed at Station S07 (4).Growing season precipitation increased 37%in 1989 over 1988 (14.0 vs 10.2 cm), while mean herbaceous cover increased 126%over 1988 (73.5%vs 32.6%).Mean temperature during the growing season was 4.5'C in 1989 vs.5.7 C in 1988.S.3.2~Hr~!~~h~m Mean production of herbaceous phytomass in 1989 was 85.5 gm/m2.At grassland stations, phytomass production averaged 90.5 g/m2 while at shrub stations it was 79.9 g/m2.Production varied widely among stations from a low of 39.8 g/m2 at Station S04 to a high of 174.3 g/m2 at Station G01.Mean herbaceous phytomass production at grassland stations and at shrub stations for 1989 is shown graphically in Figures 5-8 and 5-9 and is summarized in Table 5-6.Table 5-7 presents mean phytomass values for each station in each year since 1975.Mean herbaceous phytomass and percent herbaceous cover for each sta-tion from 1980 through 1989 are presented graphically in Figures 5-10 through 5-24.

D ns~3 Sh lU~There are four shrub species in the study area:~e~i~~ri~dni~, Py~rh~i olfe."C1~~Eri gonuig giv~~m (a subshrub)and Qgyn~gg~lc~n~h (a cactus)are also present, however, they are not included in the cover data.During a 1984 August range fire, all viable shrubs were completely destroyed at Stations S02 and S04, while the only individuals surviving at Station S01 were isolated clumps of low growing E~rl gggum~n v m.Shrub density and cover data continue to reflect recovery from the 1984 fire.Percent cover measurements taken in 1989 are very similar to those measured in 0 1988 with an overall slight decrease in average cover (1.63%versus 1.75%).Shrub density increased slightly at Stations S03 and S05, remained the same at Stations S01 and S04 and decreased slightly at Station S02.Shrub density data for 1989 is summarized in Table 5-8 while shrub density data at each station from 1980 through 1989 is presented in Figure 5-25.Shrub cover data for 1989 is summarized in Table 5-9 while Figure 5-26 presents mean shrub cover values measured from 1975 through 1989.Shrub cover and density at each station for 1989 are presented graphically in Figure 5-27.The results of the 1989 soil chemical analyses are presented in Table 5-10 and are shown graphically in Figures 5-28 through 5-57.Most metallic element concentrations were within the ranges observed in previous years.Concentrations of nickel, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, sodium and calcium were generally lower than we have observed in past data.Bicarbonate, conductivity, and pH data was similar to that observed in previous years.A decrease in pH at Station G03 was evident for the fifth straight year, although, pH was also lower than ever recorded at the other original grassland monitoring Stations (G01, G02 and G04).Chloride and sulfate concentrations were also generally lower than we have observed in previous years'ata.

5-6 5.3.5~Ye~eta'o~nC~m)atr~

The results of the 1989 vegetation chemical analyses are presented in Table 5-11 and shown graphically in Figures 5-58 through 5-78.Total vegetation copper concentrations were generally lower than we have previously observed in all of the species examined (as was total soil copper).Extractable chloride concentrations were generally within the ranges observed in previous years, while extractable sulfate concentrations were much lower than in previous years except at Station S04.for~P~dber~i.5.4$UM~MA Y AND~9NQJLLI~N A 37%increase in precipitation during the 1988-89 growing season was associated with a 126%increase in mean herbaceous cover over 1988 (Figure 5-7).A corresponding increase in herbaceous phytomass was observed at all Stations.Soil and vegetation copper concentrations were generally lower than has been observed in previous yea'rs as were soil nickel, lead, zinc, chromium, sodium and calcium.Soil and vegetation chloride and sulfate concentrations were also generally lower than we have observed in previous years.The remaining analytes were generally within the ranges previously observed.Changes in vegetation cover and density recorded in 1989 appear to be climatically induced and no signs of adverse impacts from the operation of WNP-2 cooling towers are evident.Shrub cover and density data continue to reflect recovery from the 1984 range fire with little change in cover and density evident at most stations.No adverse trends or impacts upon soil or vegetation chemistry are apparent from the six years of operational data.5-7 This study was implemented in January 1989 and was designed to measure the levels of and determine the rate of airborne salt deposition originating from the NNP-2 cooling tower plume.Information acquired from the initial ten months of this study is currently being evaluated to determine its adequacy with regards to validation of a salt emission and deposition model which used plant operating and meteorological data.This program is performed to comply t with EFSEC Resolution No.239.ILfh~Preliminary sample collection began in January 1989.Two collection vessels were placed at each of 16 sampling locations for a total of 32 samplers.One sample station is located directly adjacent to the NNP-2 cooling towers.Seven stations are located at, approximately half-mile intervals along a northwest transect originating at the cooling towers.Another seven stations lie at half-mile intervals along a south-southeast transect.The remaining location is a control station located at the old Hanford Townsite, approxi-mately eight miles north of HNP-2.An additional pair of cylinders are kept in the laboratory as a building control.A map of the sample locations is provided in Figure 5-79.The collection vessel consists of an open-topped linear polyethylene cylinder with vertical sides and a flat bottom.The cylinder is six inches in diameter and eighteen inches high.A support stand positions the'cylinder such that its bottom is eighteen inches above ground level.A metal bird ring is positioned above the cylinder to help prevent interference from birds.The cylinder is also covered with a screen to prevent sample contamination from bird droppings and insects.Figure 5-80 illustrates a typical sample collector.

5.5.3~Pr n nd Coll ign Sample collection occurs monthly (every 30+2 days).In the laboratory, the cylinders are thoroughly washed and rinsed, and then filled with four liters of deionized water.They are then transported to the field and placed in the support stands.During the summer months, the samplers are to be periodically checked to insure an adequate liquid level is maintained.

An antifreeze, isopropyl alcohol, was initially used during the winter months.This was discontinued, however, due to its general ineffectiveness and also to prevent additional sources of potential contamination.

After approximately 30 days in the field, the cylinders are covered, exchanged with clean samplers, and transported back to the laboratory.

Any evidence of contamination (insects, bird droppings) is noted and recorded.A 500 milliliter aliquot will then be taken for analysis and the remaining sample discarded.

5.5.4 m 1 M n n An 1 i The samples were measured for pH and conductivity.

pH measurements were made with an Orion"Ross" combination electrode.

Conductivity was measured using a YSI Model 34 conductivity meter.Alkalinity was also determined using a titrimetric method.The samples were analyzed for chloride and sulfate using a Dionex 4000i ion chromatograph.

A Perkin-Elmer P-40 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer was utilized for the analysis of sodium, magnesium and calcium.Copper analysis was performed using a Perkin-Elmer 4000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a Perkin-Elmer HGA-400 graphite furnace.mllnG ASTM D1739-70, Standard Method for Collection and Analysis of Dustfal1.Daubenmire, R.1968.Plant communities.

Harper and Row, New York, NY.Droppo, J.G., C.E.Mane and R.K.Noodruff, Atmospheric Effects of Circular Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers at Hashington Public Power Supply System Nuclear Power Plant Number Two, B2311200735, November 1976.5-9 Environmental Protection Agency.1983.Methods for Chemical Analysis of Hater and Hastes.Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, Cincinnati, OH.Gilman, Lee B.1989.Microwave Sample Preparation.

CEM Corporation.

Klemmedson, J.O.and J,G.Smith, 1964.Cheat Grass (~Bromu~to~ru L.)Bot.Rev.30;226-262.NUS Corporation, Annual Report for the PVNGS Salt Deposition Monitoring Program January-December 1986;April 1987.5-10 Table 5-1 Vascular Plants Observed During 1989 Field Work APIACEAE~ipopterus ger~i tg~u (Hook.)T.&G.var.+~rb i n<homin ASTERACEAE

~1~11 y mil~lfq~ii m L.~gnarl dim~~hg, (Nutt.)TKG A~~ejgig fgid~n~a Nutt.Bag Wmgrbjzm~~no Gray~zgthamn~gggpg~us (Pal 1.)Britt~Cur uo~hLmn~~vt)dl~f1~r'(Hook.)

Nutt Q:ay~i~~ruby He 1 1er r!0@Man,hi~re Hook.Lay/a gl.an+l~g (Hook.)H5A JKggn~i Z Scop.~er~<~ni~n (Pursh)BORAGINACEAE

~icing l~Ltgi~Lehm.~rgqnth~~ir urn~i~(H5A)Johnst.C~r~~p~r~r (Torr.)Greene BRASSICACEAE Deg~iyia pinn~a (Wal t.)Bri tt.~Dr~vrrg L./~re.i~up ygpyrui (Nutt.)DC.m~rtg~t~ggg L.CACTACEAE Q~nj.g p~l~~Haw.CARYOPHYLLACEAE Qr~n~ri a fr~/el iyij.Doug 1.var..f~rkj 1~1 ggJ~~gj~f~Zm L.CHENOPODIACEAE

~]~g~li L.Qg~mm n~Nmg Parsley Family Turpentine cymopterus Large-fruit lomatium Aster Family Yarrow Low pussy-toes Big sagebrush Carey's balsamroot Gray rabbitbrush Green rabbitbrush Slender hawksbeard Bur ragweed White daisy tidytips Yellow salsify Hoary Aster Borage Family Tarweed fiddleneck Matted cryptantha Winged cryptantha Mustard Family Western tansymustard Spring draba Prairie rocket Tumblemustard Cactus Family Starvation cactus Pink Family Franklin's sandwort Jagged chickweed Chenopod Family Russian thistle 5-11 Table 5-1.n in e FABACEAE~turk}QX pQESJ3jj Dougl.~r~~l~~r~z Gray P~~~lZ3~Pursh HYDROPHYLLACEAE Ph~el~i bmtaia Doug 1.~~~l!~>>;(Pursh)Holz.LILIACEAE~BCbza 4>g~>i Hats.Gejochartm mcruVZpus, Doug 1.lUUI'h)p LOASACEAE~M~~aUd~&Dougl.MALVACEAE SpJlLLGhlGM alllnl:anna (Dougl.)Spach ONAGRACEAE

~~ZZa>~ll~i Lindl.var.p~l~PLANTAGINACEAE

~P~~go.~Jacq.POACEAE Qgroggrqg~ri~m (L.)Gaertn.gg~~~~t~h~q (Hoak.)Scribn.~Al~pyygg g~gg (Pursh)Scribn.&Smith BmiuS.teC.i.orVJQ L.~F~~~f(~r Hal t.Kg~k~ital Pers.Qrr<<~~i~~~(RKS)Ricker Pea Family Wool y-pod milk-vetch Stalked-pod milk-vetch Lance-leaf scurf-pea Waterleaf Family Hhiteleaf phacelia Threadleaf phacelia Lily Family Douglas'rodiaea Sego lily Chocolate lily Blazing-star Family Hhite-stemmed mentzelia Mallow Family Hhite-stemmed globe-mallow Evening-primrose Family Hhite-stemmed evening-primrose Plantain Family Indian-wheat Grass Family Crested wheatgrass Thick-spiked wheatgrass Bluebunch wheatgrass Cheatgrass Six-weeks fescue Prairie Junegrass Indian ricegrass 5-12

~Table 5-1.Poa g~n(Lb~egii Vasey Qdapiea hV>~r (Nutt.)Smith (~m iZ Trin&Rupr.POLEMONIACEAE 9/1 ig ILnut~lr~Benth.~il i y irra~Doug 1.~Mi r~(s~ri g~il~i (Hook.)Greene var.humiligr (Hook.)Cronq.~1~~n~if~11 POLYGONACEAE Er/gggnVLA D~v m Dougl.~e ver~Pursh RANUNCULACEAE

~D+Ql~iiu~n~ll l n m Prl tz.ex llal pere ROSACEAE Pu~rhl~rid~nt<Purshl DC.SANTALACEAE

~m~d~r umbel 1~(L.)Nutt.SAXIFRAGACEAE

~Ri~r~m Pursh SCROPHULARIACEAE

~i~m n~min Dougl.VALERIANACEAE

~P;Li gQ AU'.i~e~TEG i e mm Nm Sandberg's bluegrass Bottlebrush squirreltail Needle-and-thread Phlox Family Gilia Shy gilia Pink microsteris Long-leaf phlox Buckwheat Family Snow buckwheat Wild begonia Buttercup Family Larkspur Rose Family Antelope bitterbursh Sandalwood Family Bastard toad-flax Golden current Figwort Family Sand-dune penstemon Valerian Family Longhorn plectritis 5-13 Table 5-2 Vascular Plants Observed During 1975-1989 Field Hork Annual Grasses 7~7~77~17~07~1~ll~l l99Q~184~1~16~17 lip llll~Br m~r~X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X'X Perennial Grasses~r~iul~r<~m~Ar~r~d~~hm X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X A<Lrrp~rry

~im~Kl~ri~i~~r~~i h~m~i~P~~ndb~r'i Rm~bmr~l~ini Ln hX~~i~hrb~i X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X.X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Table 5-2.(Cont'd)Annual Forbs~Fr'Lnn,imari

~~i~r)~~min l~~1~i A~min~i~mnz 1 i'~dm~1~~1~17 1997'7~~~~l~1~~4~~1997~l X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X~X X X X C&rP kk~~i~D~~ii pjnn~~0r b~vr~i1 Aim<<AAnni;iniiL<<

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Q~im m~>~r~il i~mi n~fl~il i~in~~1~@~mb l~l~cgg~l~rmo i~im X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X~>>XQmn H~n~i~bali<<;H~i~!~ri gt~il i~rb~h~if<~rni~Ph~i~h~Ph~i colin~i<<z~Ph~i sp.X X X X X X X:X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X~ln~~~n'~~i'~ma~xaza X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Table 5-2.(Cont'd)Q~lp~ni a~r-i~Lm ,'jiimb~ri m~li~im m~T~~~~bi Perennial Forbs~7~7~17~17~7~l~l~~l~14~l~~7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X'X X X X X X X X X X X~~11 naif~li~~An gg~i inmgr~~Ar n~ri~f+QJi var.~fr kl ini i~Ar~n~ni ikkkkkg~~1 1 1 ii X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X.X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 6~21%2 BL~'ibad i~realm~l~r~i~sp.X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X alki>~mrh~i g~r~rd~i~u~ii Lrrf~i k~f1 i i~l~h~m~r~~X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X~mar~mb 1~1 X X X X X X X X X X X X X~i~rb~rb X X X X X X X X X X X X X X~rp~~h~l~>~h X X X X X X Table 5-2.(Cont'd)~1>hi rhyme sp.f.~i~~div r~>>;~<r ill r'i~m~i m~~pgg~maim sp.19'997'~7~17~l~1 l99g~l~l4~~~~l~l X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X~nor~11~i X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X~Pn>>~mn~min~g~Pn<~mn sp.X X X X X X X X X~Phl~ln<~fl~li P<<~rl~~l~g~l~Rm x~vn~X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X g~h>>~rl~~morpho Shrubs, subshrubs, cacti~Ar>Liii~if~~~hr<~h~m~~n~>>g~~ri g~nm~vm Laahufi~a aunts, Q~ni p~~~pr hi g~ri~n~~ib~rm X X X.X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Table 5-3 Herbaceous Cover Stations-1989 f'r Fifteen Sampling Annual Grasses Sronus tectoruw Festuca octoflora'Total Annual Grass Cover Perennial Grasses Agropyron spicatun Oryzopis hynenoides Poa sandbergii Stipa conata'Total Perennial Grass Cover Annual Forbs 22.50 0.00 22.50 0.00 0.00 60.40 0.00 60.40 13.20 0.00 13.20 0.00 0.00 59.60 0.00 59.60 65.85 0.00 6S.SS 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 3.05 0.00 3.05 0.00 0.00 34.55 15.00 49.55 20.80 1.55 22.35 0.00 0.00 36.75 0.00 36.75 34.65 0.45 35.10 0.00 0.00 4.90 11.30 16.20 38.05 0.00 38.05 0.00 0.00 32.05 0.00 32.05 12.05 0.00 12.05 0.00 0.00 47.80 1.15 48.95 21.85 0'.00 21.85 0.00 0.00 8.30 0.00 8.30 12.40 0.10 IZ.SO 11.75 2.50 15.30 0.00 29.55 12.45 0.00 12.45 0.00 0.00 64.00 0.00 64.00 8.65 1.60 10.25 0.00 0.75 12.25 0.00 13.00 32.90 0.00 32.90 1.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 I.ZS 15.00 0.00'IS.OO 0.00 0.00 26.45 3.90 30.35 47.65 0.00 47.65 0.00 0.00 37.50 0.00 37.50 AVERAGE~l-24.07 0.25 24.32 0.87 0.22 29.33 2.09 32.50 AVERAGE~1 26.iS 0.00: 26.15 0.00 0.00 38.65 3.75 42.40 AVERAGE SL2}s 17.65 0.34 17.99 2.60 0.65 19.97 0.00 23.22 AVG.GOI-G04~%LED 21.43 0.19 21.62 1.44.36 28.27 1.67 31.74 Ansinckla lycopsoides Chenopodiun leptophyllun Cryptantha clrcunsclssa Oescurainia pinnata Oraba verna Franseria acanthacarpa Gilia sinuata Hoiosteun unbeilatun Hentzelia albicaulis Hicrosterls gracllis Phacelia linearis Plantago pategonica Salsola kali Slsyebriuo altissieun Tragopogon dubius Total Annual Forb Cover Perennial Forbs 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.10 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 1.85 3.55 2.15 0.40 0.00 12.85 0.35 1.25 0.30 0.30 5.90 0.00'.05 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.60 0.00 0.00 1.15 1.15 0.00 0.00 O.iS 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.40 2.40 0.00 11.50 0.00 10.95 0.05 0.00 2.10 2.65 0.00 42.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.85 0.20 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.05 0.00 0.00 2.85 0.30 0.00 0.35 0.30 2.50 0.10 0.65 1.00 0.00 0.50 0.05 0.00 3.05 0.05 0.00 8.85 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 8.05 0.45 0.00 2.70 0.00 I.60 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.10 0.00 13.55 0.50 1.25 0.00 0.05 3.45 1.00 0.00 1.95 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.00 2.35 1.85 0.00 13.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.05 3.85 0.30 0.05 0.30 0.95 0.00 2.15 1.35 2.iS 0.35 13.95 0.05 0.00 0.20 1.75 2.30 0.70 0.05 0.80 0.05 5.45 0.20 0.00 0.75 0.20 0.00 12.50 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.85 1.20 0.35 0.25 2.05 0.10 0.10 1.35 0.00 0.60 0.00 0.00 6.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.80 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.70 0.00 4.90 0.30 0.30 0.05 13.05 0.00 0.10 0.05 1.35 0.25 0.25 0.00 0.15 0.00 1.40 0.00 0.00 2.40 0.50 0.00 6.45 0.30 0.00 0.05 0.55 5.85 0.10 0.00 2.05 0.05 0.95 0.00 0.60 0.05 0.55 0.00 11.10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.40 0.00 0.40 0.00 5.15 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.67 3.50 0.39 0.07 1.92 0.03 1.70 0.11 0.83 1.13 0.63 0.05 11.28 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.00 4.80 0.66 0.00 3.68 0.00 3.31 0.01 1.11 1.39 0.84 0.07 0.02 0.08 0.90 3.08 0.28 0.06 1.21 0.04 1.72 0.31 1.10 0.82 0.31 15.88 10.00 0.07 0.01 0.05 0.50 3.84 0.45 0.03 2.31 0.02 2.43 0.'18 1.11 1.07 0.54 12.61 Achillea nillefoliun Aster canescens Astragalus sclerocarpus Salsanorhisa careyana Srodiaea douglasii Conandra urbellata Crepis atrabarba Cynopterus terebinthinus Oenothera pallida Phlox longifolia Runex venosus Total Perennial Forb Cover Total Herbaceoud Cover 0.00 1.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.60 0.00 0.35 0.05 3.85 99.60 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.05 0.65 0.00 1.10 79.80 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 108.15 0.30 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.25 1.05 0.00 3.00 58.45 0.00 3.'IS 0.00 2.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.25 0.00 6.45 74.40 0.00 0.60 0.35 0.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.65 0.00 0.45 0.00 10.40 75.25 0.00 11.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.'00'1.60 0.00 12.90 96.05 0.00 2.75 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.'00 0.05 6'5 0.80 0.00 10.60 85.55 0.00 1.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.50 0.05 0.00 4.45 47.10 2.55 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.95 2.95 0.00 0.00 14.50 63.50 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.30 0 F 00 0.00 1.95 0 F 00 0.00 1.95 0.00 4.40 93.90 2.50 0.70 0.75 3.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.15 0.00 8.20 37.90 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 00'.00 0.00 0.55 45.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00'.05 0.00 0.10 46.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 1.57 0.07 0.40 0.00 0.00 0.13 1.29 0.91 0.62 0.00 5.37 90.30 73.47 0.08 0.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.43 0.33 0.51 0.01 2.00 1.01 0.62 0.15 0.74 0.00 0.00 0.39 1.79 1.09 0.63 0.00 6.42 0.59 0.63 0.08 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.22 1.IS 0~75 0.58 0.01 4.46 86.43 57.63 70.43 Table 5-4 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1989 GLASS AQ Af PF ALL AF Pf ALL PG Af Df ALL AF PF ALL 1975 1975 1975 1975 1975 1976 1976 1976 1976'1976 1977 1977 1977 1977 1977 1978 1978 1978 1978 1978 SO I 49.90 0.60 I~.60 4.30 69 F 40 50.70 0.40 5 50 0~00 56~60 1.35 0.35 0.25 0.55 2.50 51.00 3.00 38.00 8.00 100.00$02 35~30 2.00 11.70 0.90 49.90 40.90 10.50 5.30 0.50 57.20 0.65 11.30 0.05 0.60 12.60 67.00 lb.00 10.00 0.00 95.00$03 43.80 4.50 11.70 I.80 61.80 34.30 10.30 7.20 0.20 52.00 I.90 8.28 0.90 12 F 50 51.00 I).00 33.00 5.00)00.00 X 504 505$01 5 506 507 XS 43 F 00 2.37 12.67 2.33 60'7 41.97 7.07 6 00 0.23 5'7 1.30 6'4 0.40 0'6 9'0 56.33 10.67 27.00 4.33 98.33 43.90 3.70 29.50 1.50 78.60 71.20 4,40 11.90 0.00 87.50 5.20 3.25 Z.40 0.05 10.90 68.00 8.00 23.00 2.00 101.00 43.00 5.50 13.00 2.10 63.60 51.60 3.10 8.50 0.20 63.40 1.45 2.90 9.35 6.30 20.00 4Z.00 7.00 25.00 3.00 77.00 X 003 G04 Q01-5 GO 5 G06 G07, XG 43'5 4.60 21~25 1.80 71.10 61.40 3.75 10.20 0.10 75~45 3.33 3.08 5.88 3.18 15.45 5.00 7.50 24 F 00 2.50 89.00 7 XSG 43.18 3~26 16.10 2.12 64.66 49.74 5.74 7.68 0.18 63.34 2.11 5.22 F 59 1.78 11.70 55.80 9.40 25.80 3.60 94.60 AG PQ AF PF ALL~PG PF ALI.AG PG AF Pf ALL AG Ki AF PF ALL AG PQ~AF PF ALL 1979 1979 1979 1979 1979 1980 1980 1980 1980 1980 198'I 1981 1981 1981 1981 I S82 1982 1982 1982 198Z)983 1983 1983 1983 1983 1984 1984 1984 1984 1984 25.00).00 Z~00 11.00 39~00 50.40 1.00 7.60 2 F 20 61~20 74.80 0.10 5.30 0.00 80.20 5 I~50 0.40 4.60 0.20 56 AD)0 53.80 2.15 8.20 0.70 64.85 41.50 1.85'12.35 0.30 56.00 ZS.OO 18.00~.00 0.00 5)F 00$).80 7.20 4.20 2.20 65'0 54.60 4.70 3.50 3.20 66.00 25.80 6.40~.20 4.30 40.70 37.60 7.70 7.85 3.)0 56.25 32.75 8.80 8.10 4.00 53.65 9.00 11.00 10.00 3.00 33.00 24.30 23.30 22.50 4.70 74.80 14,30 18 20 0.70 99.70 36.60 17.90 7.50 0.70 62.70 33.65 14.45 12.55 1.05 61.70 39.35 11.55 11,10 0.75 62.75 56 20 10.90 3,4)4,60 75.10 49.80 5.80 l.20 4.90 6'I~70 32.70 4.30 36.75 6.40 F 45~,4)51.00 36'0 8.55 4.00 6.55 5'0 56.40 4'2 0.10 8.50 14.10 10.36 1.80 3.10 72.40 69 AD)8 76.20 64.38 0.00 4.98'12.50 8.14 0.50 1.86 89.20 79'6 20.00 33.32 0'0 5.96)7.30 7.04 1.00 2.48 39.10 48.80 31.85 38.73 38.73 1.29 6.40 6.40 22.3S 10.88 10.88 1.95 Z.24 2.24 57.44 58.25 58.25 36.50 37.28 37.28 0.40 6.23 6.23 13.40 9.79 9.79 0.65 2.45 2'5 50.95 Se e)5 55 AD)5 49.50 2.10 18.70 0.65 70.95 60.85 1.20 20'.es 0.70 83 F 40 21.00 10.00 5.33 4.67 41~00 47.82 O'.SO 10.36 3.)0 69.78 64'8 4.98 8.14 1.86 79.36 33.32 5.)6 7.04 2.48 39.5$15.75 8.85 0.0$64.20 71.30 4.45 9.70 0.20 ds.'es 31.00 7.00 43.00 0.00 81~00 64.30 Z8.30 7.30 0.40 100.30 77.40)9.60 15.90 0.20)13.10 4R.20 11.20 9'0 0'0 63'0 62.75 0.00 8.65 2.)0 73 F 50 60.85 19.45 1.10 d1.40 10.00 5.00 33.00 7.00$.00 77.80 64.00 5.00 0.00 146.80 84.00 25.90 11.90 0.00 121.80 45~$0 11.60 i.60 0.00 61~70 17.55 25'0 6'5 4.00 53 AD)0 9.60 25.00 7.95 1.25 43.80 73.80 12.30 S7.05 0.10 26.60 29 AD)5 28.70 4.90 11.48 0.00 4.60 1.25 102.60 48.40 99.53 88.40 48.90 74.68 0.00 36.70 20'5 17.50 5.90 12.80 0.00).90 0.53 105.90 93.40 108.55 51.00 22.90 40.40 0.10 31.30 13.55 4.60 4.10 5.75 I~30 3.80 1.35 57.00 62.10 61.05~2.34 10.84 10.7)1.70 65~59 50.65 10.22 14.44 0.81 73.56'20.50 e.do 38.00 3.50 68.00 57.0$29 AD)5)1.48 I.ZS 99'3 74.68 20.55 12.80 0.53 108.55 13.55 5.75 1.35 61.05 Rc.34 10.84 10.71 1.70 65.59 cd~65 10.22 14.44 0.8'I 73.56 20.80 8.40 18.40 4.20 51.80 51.92 17.94 10~86 2.28 83.00 68.96 11.90 10.21 1.27 92.33 36.47 9.33 6.47 1.98 54.24 4).33 8.37 10.81 2.00 61.51 43.22 6'7 11.86 1.72 63'7 AG PG Af Pf ALL AQ AG~Ar ALL AQ PG Af PF ALL PG~AF ALL AG PG AF PF ALL 1985 1985'I 985 1985'I 985 1986 1986 I S86'I 986 1986 1987 1987 1987 1987 1987 1988 1988 1988 1988 1988 1989 1989 1989 1989 1989 2.10 1.05 0.70 0.00 3.85 2.15.4.70 1.35 1.35 9.55 17.45 2.20 25.40 1.15 46.20 28.90 3.60 12.56 5.00 50.06 13.80 1.75 6.08 11.55 33.18 1.95 ldi)5)6.65 5.35 34.70 9.95 2 1.90 8.50 6.00 5.05 8.40 5.25 15.75 34.45 7.20 17.25 38.10 2.30 64.85 7.80~Z.65 10.80 2.00 63.25 8.10 I I.95 3.60 Z.10 25.75 11.45 9.85 10.25 9.15 40.70 19.05 19.55 6.55 10.40 55.55 13.80 9.40 3.10 i.d5 31.15 21.85 8.30 IZ.SO 4.45 47.10 I2.50 29.55 6.95 14.50 63.50 12.45 64.00 13.05 4.40 93.90 10.25 13.00 6'5 8.20 37.90 14.60 4.95 17.85 2.40~9'00 1.IS 3.00 43.00 12.65 27.05 10.17 10.17 1.85 5.57~S.57 4.75 3.70 3.70 0.25 1.)5 1.15 33.90 20 ASS 20'9 13.05 10.22)0,22 1.30 8.27 8.27 16.70 21.42 2).42 I.RS 3.84 3.84 3R~30 43.75 43.75 33.40 19.82 19.82 2.30 18.00 ld.00 11.40 9.96 9'6 1.75 5.03 5.03 48.85 52.81 52 F 81 10.15 10.Id)0.40 3.35 6.97 16.85~.00 4.41 0.00 3.25 7.50 0.10 20'5 29.06 27.35 32.90 17.99 1$.00 1.25 23.22 30.35 11.10 10.01 0.85 0.55 6.42 0.10 45.80 57.64 46.30 8.00 9.20)8.20 0.80 36 F 20 S.40 19.85 27.'es 1.80 58.70 23.85 32.45 10.30 0.90 67.50 12.24 17 F 50 0.35 0 F 00 30.09 4'5 37.50 5.15 0.00 8.)0 17.95 8.)5 0.10 34.30 4.65 38.65 34.15 1.95 79.40 9.45 58.79 11.32).90 8'1.46 10.51 9.89 3.20 5.37 28.96 21.80 26.28 8.01 4.60 60.69 lb.30 0.00 7.55 2.35 28.20 13.25 0.00 25.45 0.05 38.75 51.65 0.05 14.00 0.15 65.85 22.95'I 7.85 6.30 0.20 47.30 22.50 60.40 IR.85 3.85 99.60 7'5)3.90 3.05 0.90 25.10 7.35 26.00 8'0 2.55 44.60 4.65 45.95 3.25 I cs 55.40 10.10 2).70)6.)5 2 F 00 49.95 13.20 59.60 5.90 1.10 79.80 10.41)0.26 9.24 1.04 30.95 8.66 21.13 23.99 I.59 55.36 22.40 34.31 ST 7Z 1.13 67~55 16.75 4.80 13.65 11.95 0.05 30.20 Iles 45 9.50 7.55 1.80 7.95 1.20 0.00 4.40 1.65)5.25 24.3S 41'O 40 AD)0 37 F 90 65'5 3.05 26 F 15 22.35 0 F 05 49.55 42.40 36 AD)5 42.20 2.85)5.95 8.85 0.05 3.00 2.00 6.45 108.)5$8.45 86.50 74.40 19.20 15.85 10.40 12.05 10.4$14.30 1.45 12.35 F 12 8.70 2'5 4.34~).40 4).10 3Z~52 35.10 38.05 12 F 05)6.20 32.05 48.95'13'5 13.05 13~95 10.40)2.90 10.60 75.25 96.05 85'5 10.41 10.26 9.24 1.04 30.95 O.ee 21,)3 23.99 1.59 Sent 36 22.40 34.31 9.72 1.13 6'5 10.28 7'6 6.16 1.10 25~19 9.53 13.98 22.56 2.84 48.91 20.97 25.25 9.85 3.29 59.36 12.32 12.34 5.16 4.79 34.60 24.0$32.54 11.48 5.23 73.31 14.00 I~.SI 6.61 4.34 39.47 26.52 37.94 14.15 6.04 84'6 5" 19 Table 5-5 Mean Frequency Values (%)by Species for Each Sampling Station-1989 SL1 69K HZ H4 6K$5 HZ K5 2L1 KE 29 2L4 KR Kk 2L7 Annual Grasses Bromus tectorum Festuca octoflora 98 96 98 62 88 98 52 8 98 74 98 58 96 76 98 56 98 4 44 Perennial Grasses Agropyron spicatum Oryzopis hymenoides Poa sandbergii Stipa comata Annual Forbs 96 100 2 98 68 14 80 26 68 78 8 32 2 6 2 20 42 98 42 64 92 12 Amsinckia lycopsoides Cryptantha ci rcumscissa Cryptantha pterocarya Oescurainia pinnata Oraba verna Franseria acanthicarpa Gilia sinuata Holosteum umbellatum Layia glandulosa Mentzelia albicaulis Microsteris gracilis Phacelia linearis Plantago pategonica Salsola kali Sisymbrium altissimum Perennial Forbs 84 74 94 2 46 8 66 24 96 2 36 46 94 2 54 14 76 50 28 16 12 56 2 10 14 2 2 12 2 64 80 88 88 4 18 30 12 16 8 30 78 58 20 64 16 2 22 2 38 24 46 2 4 44 36 2 8 4 2 2 12 2 22 58 2 30 24 44 12 94 72 28 96 10 86 28 14 10 4 2 2 10 76 32 32 40 6 82 2 2 4 2 38 88 4 28 46 38 8 44 26 86 24 26 30 14 12 66 2 8 8 2 20 22 Achillea millefolium Aster canescens Astragalus Purshii Astragalus sclerocarpus Balsamorhiza careyana Comandra umbellata Crepis atrabarba Cymopterus terebinthinus Oenothera pallida Phlox longifolia Rumex venosus Total Species Per Site 14 2 2 6 4 2 14 26 2 14 14 11 2 6 20 4 72 4 4 4 2 8 6 16 28 2 8 18 10 2 2 10 2 10 22 2 22 20 40 22 22 12 2 8 34 32 2 30 36 14 19 17 13 16 17 20 13 18 15 9 4 Tabl e 5-6 Mean Terrestrial Phytomas s for 1989 OATE SITE PLOT WT./MT.(g)SQ.HETER OATE SITE PLOT WT./WT.(g)SQ.HETER 05/09 05/09 05/09 05/09 05/09 GO'I Gol G01 G01 G01 6-12 32-14 31-4 1-9 18-9 AVG STO 17.4 16.6 19.9 5.3 27.9 17.4 7.3 173.9 166.0 199.3 52.9 279.2 174.3 72.7 05/08 05/08 05/08 05/08 05/08 SO I 501 501 501 501 17-3 39-2 19-2 33-5 2-11 AVG STO 4.9 2.3 4.3 11.5 4.0 5.4 3.2 48.5 22.9 42.8 115.0 40.2 53.9 31.7 OATE SITE PLOT WT./WT.(g)SQ.HETER BATE SITE PLOT WT./MT.(g)SQ.HETER 05/02 05/02 05/02 05/02 05/02 G02 G02 602 G02 G02 3-9 27-8 26-4 17-6 9-18 AVG STO 3.7 3.6 10.8 5.5 9.2 6.6 2.9 37.2 36.0 108.3 55.2 91.8 65.7 29.3 05/08 05/08 05/08 05/08 05/08 502 502 502 502 502 33-5 17-3 19-2 2-11 39-2 AVG STO 8.8 6.3 3.5 3.7 14.2 7.3 4.0 87.6 62.6 35.1 36.6 142.2 72.8 39.7 BATE SITE PLOT MT./WT.(g)SQ.HETER OATE SITE PLOT MT./WT.(g)SQ.HETER 05/09 05/09 05/09 05/09 05/09 G03 G03, G03 G03 G03 39-2 19-2 2-11 17-3 33-5 AVG STO 13.7 14.5 8.9 14.6 0.8 10.5 5.3 137.4 144.9 89.4 146.0 7.8 105.1 52.9 05/11 05/11 05/11 05/11 05/11 503 503 503 503 503 4-12 27-8 18-7 31-2 3-6 AVG STO 2.8 11.0 8.3 8.7 2.8 6.7 3.3 28.0 109.8 83.0 86.5 27.9 67.0 33.2 WT./OATE SITE PLOT WT.(g)SQ.HETER BATE SITE PLOT WT./WT.(g)SQ.HETER 05/02 05/02 05/02 05/02 05/02 G04 G04 G04 G04 G04 13-3 20-4 43-8 14-11 37-6 AVG STO 5.0 4.4 6.1 3.9 5.3 4.9 0.7 49.9 44.0 60.9 39.4 53.1 49.5 7.4 05/03 05/03 05/03 05/03 05/03 504 504 504 504 504 6-12 18-9 1-9 32-14 31-4 AVG STO 2.7 1.9 5.6 0.6 9.1 4.0 3.0 27.3 18.8 56.2 5.7 90.9 39.8 30.5 BATE SITE PLOT WT./WT.(g)SQ.HETER OATE SITE PLOT Ml'./MT.(g)SQ.HETER 05/10 05/10 05/10 05/10 05/10 GOS GOS GOS GOS GOS 3-6 27-8 18-7 4-12 31-2 AVG STO 6.4 3.8 1.8 3.7 5.9 4.3 1.7 64.4 37.5 18.1 37.3 58.7 43.2 16.7 05/04 05/04 05/04 05/04 05/04 505 505 505 505 505 17-6 3-9 9-18 26-4 27-8 AVG STO 5.0 17.5'10.9 7.5 10.9 10.4 4.2 50.1 175.2 109.1 74.9 109.0 103.7 42.1 DATE SITE PLOT WT./MT.(g)SQ.HETER DATE SITE PLOT Ml'./MT.(g)SQ.HETER 05/09 05/09 05/09 05709 05/09 G06 G06 G06 G06 G06 33-5 19-2 2-11 17-3 39-2 AVG STO 6.6 0.6 7.7 15.3 0.4 6.1 5.5 65.7 C 77.0 153.3 3.6 61.0 55.1 05/04 05/04 05/04 05/04 05/04 506 506 506 506 506 37-7 2-8 17-3 11-6 44-12 AVG STO 2.7 9.3 17.1 7.4 0.0 7'5.9 26.7 92.7 170.6 73.7 0.0 72.7 59.0 WT./BATE SITE PLOT MT.(g)SQ.HETER OA'TE SITE PLOT MT./WT.(g)SQ.HETER 05/12 05/12 05/12 05/12 05/12.G07 G07 G07 G07 G07 3-6 31-2 27-8 18-7 4-12 AVG STO 8.8 10.0 11.4 14.1 12.4 11.3 1.8 88.0 99.6 113.7 140.8 123.5 113.1 18.4 05/11 05/11 05/11 05/11 05/11 507 507 507 507 S07 2-11 39-2 19-2 17-3 33-5 AVG STO 21.1 7.6 16.2 14.4 15.5 14.9 4.4 211.2 75.7 162.1 143.8 154.6 149.5 43.5 BATE 05/10 05/10 05/10 05/10 05/10 SITE G08 G08 GOB GOB G08 PLOT 5-6 19-9 2-8 23-7 3-9 AVG STO 2.7 8.2 21.6 5.1 18.5 11.2 7.5 27.3 81.6 215.9 51.2 185.4 112.3 74.8 WT./WT.(g)SQ.HETER HEAN G01-GOB HEAN 501-507 HEAN 801-805 Phytomass Summary 90.5 Grams/sq.meter 79.9 Grams/sq.meter 80.4 Grams/sq.meter 5-21 Tab1e 5-7 Compar)son of Herbaceous 1975 Through 1989 Mean Ory Meight{g/m)Phytomass for~T~17~17~17 7~17~17~1~ll~l~l 1991 4~l~l ill 7~l~l G01 359 108 G02 302 258 G03 G04 G05 G06 G07 G08 21 166 162 53 261 79 159 62 64 113 82 64 160-200 90 77 37 68 255 60 137 94 116 133 67 70 27 12 37 50 61 32 35 83 77 134 90 34 174.3 14 65.7 16 105.1 61 49.5 43.2 61 113.1 112.3 S0 1 126 137 502 144 98 503 88 177 504 505 506 I S07 4 173 7 128 115 21 28 16 63 43 78 71 115 31 52 81 36 180 39 184 68 136 98 171 24 232 22 104 57 95 93 43 27 61 35'112 25 176 62 144 108 42~145 59 53.9 73 72.8 15 67.0 24 39.8 19 103.7 72.7 149.5 Station Spl Species Artemisia tridentata Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus vi scidi florus Purshia tridentata Table 5-8 I 0 0 2 Total 10 0 0 4 14 2 2 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 1 4 0 0 0~~Summary o b Density for 1989 3 S/Ha 100 0 0 40 140 S/a 40 0 0 16 56 S02 Artemi s i a tri dentata Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus vi scidi florus Purshia tridentata S03 Artemisia tridentata Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus vi scidi florus Purshia tridentata 0 0 0 0 10 4 0 0 I 0 0 0 15 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 18 2 0 0 Total 1 0 0 0 1 Total 49 9 0 0 58 S/Ha 10 0 0 0 10 S/Ha 490 90 0 0 580 S/a 4 0 0 0 4 S/a 196 36 0 0 232 S04 Artemi si a tri dentata Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus vi scidi florus Purshia tridentata I 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 Total 10 0 0 0 10 S/Ha 100 0 0 0 100 S/a 40 0 0 0 40 S05 Artemisia tridentata Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus viscidi florus Purshia tridentata 0 0 0 I 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 4 0 I I 0 Total 0 5 I 6 12 S/Ha 0 50 10 60 120 S/a 0 20 4 24 48 Shrub Cover (1.)Table 5-9 Summary of Shrub Cover (1.)at Five Stations for 1989 Shrubs Artemi si a tri dentata Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Purshia tridentata Total Shrub Cover S01 0.28 0.28 S02 0.00 S03 5.94 1.10 7.04 S04 0.00 S05 0.64 0.21 0.85 X 5.94 0.87 0.21 0.28 7.30 Tabl e 5-10 Summar oil Chemistry for 1989 G01 G02 G03 G04 GOS G06 CO?GOB S01 S02 S03 504 S05 S06 S07 pH (1:2 soil-water

)Conductivi ty (1:2 soil-water) microsiemens/cm Sulfate ug/gm Chloride ug/gm Copper ug/gm Lead ug/gm Cadmium ug/gm Chromium ug/gm Nickel ug/gm Zinc ug/gm Sodium/potassium 5 Calcium/Magnesium/Bicarbonates (meq/HC03/gm) 1.21 0.71 8.15 0.90 0.05 5.77 8.44 38.10 0.010 0.120 0.17 1.01 0.0018 0.75 0.25 8.31 0.94 0.06 6.57 7.54 36.91 0.010 0.220 0.07 0.55 0.0011 2.31 0.62 7.18 1.24 0.13 3.35 6.68 35.37 0.010 0.140 0.06 0.41 0.0012 0.51 0.47 6.51 1.39 0.04 2.66 5.62 31.81 0.010 0.110 0.06 0.34 0.0005 1.15 0.56 7.74 1.38 0.04 4.2 7.14 30.4 0.01 0.15 0.07 0.45 0.0025 0.45 0.26 7.44 1.03 0.03 1.75 6.45 32 0.01 0.12 0.06 0.9 0.0008 0.68 0.42 7.19 1.09 0.04 3.63 6.54 35 0.01 0.35 0.06 0.42 0.0011 0.67 0.32 7.49 0.84 0.03 5.76 8.18 32.8 0.01 0.19 0.06 0.42 0.0032 1.82 0.72 8.66 1.26 0.03 5.65 7.89 39.69 0.010 0.170 0.06 0.44 0.0012 0.99 0.56 6.01 0.65 0.01 4.61 7.23 20.97 0.010 0.080 0.08 0.34 0.0027 1.35 0.78 7.49 0.77 0.03 3.59 7.61 36.00 0.010 0.140 0.06 0.36 0.0014 7.97 1.57 6.96 0.78 0.02 4.52 7.21 29.83 0.010 0.150 0.06 0.36 0.0023 0.58 0.32 6:26 0.83 0.03 2.34 5.83 30.49 0.010 0.120 0.06 0.35 0.0007 0.84 0.41 7.32 1.1 0.03 4.24 7.4 34.1 0.01 0.23 0.08 0.43 0.0020 0.75 1.08 11.6 1.29 0.05 13.04 12.58 43.4 0.01 0.23 0.11 0.66 0.0060 6.60 6.24 6.50 6.27 6.83 6.35 6.54 7.04 6.23 7.17 6.68 6.75 6.55 6.87 7.36 21.2 18.0 19.6 16.2 28.4 12.8 19.2 25.6 24.6 23.4 21.4 52.6 15.8 32.2 43.8 Table 5-11 Summary of Yegetation Chemistry for 1989 SITE POSA BRTE SIAL PHLO PUTR ARTR AGSP CHNA CHVI GRSP Copper (ug/gm)Go 1 G02 603 Gg4 G05 G06 G07 GOB So 1 S02 S03 S04 S05 S06 507 801 802 803 804 805 0.80 0.95 1.00 0.85 0.9 0.9 0.9 1 0.70 0.80 0.65 1~05 1.15 0.85 0.65 0.85 1.05 1.50 0.60 0.95 1.45 1.40 1.20 1.15 1.15 1.1 1 1.10 0.90 1.20 1.25 1 1 1.2 1.05 1.45 0.55 1.05 1.10 1.10 0.95 0.90 3.2 1.10 1.10 1.05 0.9 1 1.25 1.2.8 1.20 0.85 1.15 3.2 2.8 1.95 2 0.9 2.40 1.25 2.25 1.75 1.7 1 1.9 0.8 1.65 1.55 1.15 1.15 1.9 2 1.2 1.25 2.05 1.35 1.4 1.4 Extractable Sulfate Go 1 G02 G03 G04 G05 G06 G07 GOB So 1 S02 S03 S04 S05 S06 S07 801 802 803 804 805 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.003 0.008 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.144 0.003 0.004.004.005.000.009.000 0.006 0.005 O.'OO4 0.003 0.007 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.006 0.009 0.008 0.002 0'06 0.007 0.003 0.141 0.079 0.225 0.079 0.139 0.083 0.129 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.001 0.01 0.009 0.005 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.044 0.008 0 005 0.004 0.008 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.001 0 0.005 0.073 0.12 Extractable Chloride G01 G02 G03 G04 G05 G06 G07 GOB So 1 502 S03 S04 S05 S06 S07 801 802 803 804 805 0.20 0.16 0.09 0.25 0.17 0.26 0.22 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.16 0.11.12.12.12.17.12 0.22 0.06 0.27 0.22 0.15 0.14 0.25 0.17 0.21 0.10 0.12 0.31 0.22 0.11 0.18 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.12 0.06 0.58 0.09 0.34 0.07 0.78 0.26 0.08 0.01 0.09 0.59 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.41 0.09 0.22 0.09 0.47 0.49 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.56 0.06 0.5 0.57 0.36 0.22 0.06 0.6 0.03 0.45 0.61 0.1 0.06 0.79 0.32 0.04 0.39 0.65 1.07 1.34 5-26

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ito'('NATOS QRQSSCW'C>>>>>>>>0>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>LEGEND~PAVED ROAD>>>>t SAPROYED ROAD OR QRAYEL RQAO RATUNAD SQWNARY UNES POTCER TATES+SANPUNQ SRES 900418 (S/90)1 thru 8 GO=Grassland Site 1 thru 7 SO=Shrub Site Figure 5-1 Soil and Vegetation Sampling Location Map 5"27

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Shrub Community 50m Herbaceous transect Shrub interc eo t transect Shrub tnterceot transect Shrub interceot transect Shrub lnterceot transect 20m Shrub interceot transect Phytomass samOt>ng stot Herbaceous Community 50m HerbaCeOuS tranSeCt I tarn Phytomass samoling olot I I Figure 5-2 Layout of Vegetation and Solid Sampling Plots 5"28 0

0 75.0 53.6-)+2.9-CO Na LEGEND Kl AG-G E3 AG-S-PG-G PG-S EiZ AF-G EZ AF-S Kl.;.E2 PF-S 10.7 0'1 975 1976 1977 Y~MRS 1 978 1979 Figure 5-3 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1979

~s LEGEND AG-.G AG-S-PG-G PG-S AP-G EZI AF-S PF-G PF-S 1 980 1981 1982 YEARS 1983 1984 Figure 5-4 Mean Herbaceous Cover for 1980 Through 1984

Ltd I tA Hjh00%NV36 0 0 5-31

140 STATION 126 112 GRASSLAND SHRUB 9B B4 CO CD a@70 BB 0 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1 976 1 978 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 YEAR F)gure 5-6 Mean 0)Herbaceous Cover for 1975 Through 1989

0 20 120 LEGEND 18 110 P RECIP.16~~14 P.CO IQ 1 2 CJ~W 10~Žp l0 6 I 100 90 80 70.0 y 8 m~o 4J 0 50 g>6o o TEMP COVER V/T 4 30 0 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 YEAR 20 Figure 5-7 Mean Herbaceous Cover, Total Precipi-tation, and Mean Temperature From 1982 Through 1989

200 180 160 140~120 I g 100 80 60 40 20 0 G01 G02 G03 G04 G05 S01 GOT G06 G08 STATION S02 S03 S04 S05 S06 S07 Figure 5-8 Hean Herbaceous Phytomass for Hay 1989 400 350 STATION GRASS SHRUB 300 m 250 200 S 150 100 50 0 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983'I 985 1987 1989 1 976 1 978 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 YEAR Figure 5-9 Mean Herbaceous Phytomass at Grassland and Shrub Stations for 1975 Through 1989 0

130 i EGEND 225 200 117 104 91 DRY WT.COVER I 150 C)125 78 CO (g)oZ~o 52 39 26 25 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-10 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G01 for 1980 Through 1989 300 275 250 225 200 170 153 136 119 LEGEND DRY Wi.COVER 102 CO C3 (j)oN ss~o O 125 68 100 75 51 50 17 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-11 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station 602 for 1980 Through 1989 o

300 275 250 225 110 99 88 77 LEGEND DRY WT.COVER g 150 Q 8 125 CD 66 CO (g)oN 55 O~CD CQ 44.100 75 50 22 25 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR Figure 5-12 Hean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G03 for 1980 Through 1989 200 175 1 10 99'EGEND DRY WT.COVER 150-77 125 CA (V)o~g 1OO CD CD 75 LJ 66)CD CD Cn~<'55 CD C5 co 50 22 25 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-13 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G04 for 1980 Through 1989

200 180 160 110 99 88 LEGEND DRY WT.COVER 140 77 Vl I CD g 120-D~100 CD 80 66 55)D C3 (g)oZ D D 1~(CQ C~1 60 33 22 20 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-14 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G05 for 1980 Through 1989 200 180 160 110 99 88 LEGEND DRY WT.Fo covgR 140 77 g 120<cv O~100 80 66 CO CD cn~55 P0g 60 40 22 20 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-15 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station G06 for 1980 Through 1989 4s 200 110 LEGEND 180 160 99 88 DRY WT.COVER 140 77 g 120 100 O 80 66 8 55 gg t'D~60 33 40 22 20 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 98T 1 989 YEAR F/gure 5-16 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Stat/on G07 for 1980 Through 1989

200 i80-$60-110 99 88 LEGEND DRY WT.COVER i@0 77 g 120 Z Q~c ED cD 80 66'LJ CO M oX 88 8+iQ CD~44=33 22 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-17 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station GOS for 1980 Through 1989 0 200 110 LEGEND 1.75 150 99 88 J7 DRY WT.COVER 125-Cl)(O~>~-oo-CQ 75 66 O CD~aZ o~O~50 33 22 25 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR Figure 5-18 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S01 for 1980 Through 1989 1

300 225-200 110 99 88 77 LEGEND DRY Wi.COVER 66~N 55~O~8 is O 44 33 50 22 25 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-19.Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S02 for 1980 Through 1989 200 110 LEGEND 180 160 99 88 DRY WT.COVER 140 77 g 120 g m O 8 100 a 80 66 C)C3 (g)oZ 55 gg CD 44 5 60 33 40 22 20 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-20 Hean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S03 for 1980 Through 1989 200 110 LEGEND 180 160 99 88 DRY WT.COVER 140 77 g 120 CD~100=I~CD 80 66 O~M 55 P)~HQ CD~CD 44 60 40 22 20 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR.0 Figure 5-2l Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S04 for 1980 Through f989 200180 160 110 99 88 LEGEND DRY WT.COVER 140 77 120 O~z: I 100 80 66 O O Cj1 M CD~44 60 33 40 22 20 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-22 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S05 for 1980 Through 1989 o

80 110 LEGEND" 70 60 99 88'77 DRY WT.COVER 50<eu a cn M o 30 L 66 o o~M 55~O~HQ UJ 20 33 22 10 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-23 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S06 for 1980 Through 1989

0 200180 160 110 99'8 LEGEND DRY WT.COVER 140 g 12O D~100 D cn 80 66 D (g)M 88~D HQ 60 33 22 20 0 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 YEAR 0 Figure 5-24 Mean Herbaceous Cover and Phytomass for Station S07 for 1980 Through l989 0

~0 2400 LEGEND 2200 2000 1800 1600~14OO cQ 1200~1OOO 1984 1 985-1986 1 987 EZ 1988 1989 800 600 400 200 0-S01 S02 S03 S04 STATION S05 Figure 5-25 Shrub Density at Five Stations for 1984 Through l989 30 25 20 C).)oW>>10 1 975 1 977 1 979 1 981 1 983 1 985 1 987 1 989 1 976 1 978 1 980 1 982 1 984 1 986 1 988 Y.EAR FIgure 5-26 Mean TotaI Shrub Cover for 1975 Through 1989 O.0 600 500 COVER DENSITY 400 C3 300 CO O o 200 100 S01 S02 S03 S04 S05 S I ATION 0 figure 5-27 Shrub Cover and Density for Five Stations for 1989 O.~o 0 0 9.0 8.5 8.0 LEGEND 1 980 1981 1 982 1 983 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-28 Soil pH for 1980 Through 1983 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1 987 t 988 1989 7.0 6.5 6.0 G01 G03 005 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02.G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-29 Soil pH for 1984 through 1989

~-

200 LEGEND 180 160-1 40 1 980 K~3 1 981 1982 1983 cD 120 gg 100 C5 O O CL So 60 40 20 0'01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATlON Figure 5-30 Soi1 Conductivity for 1980 Through 1983

~.0~e 200 180 160 O 120 hk MI 100 Z D D CL o o 80 LEGEND 1984 1985 1986 1987 EZ 1988 1989 60 20 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-31 SoiI Conductivity for 1984 Through 1989.

200 LEGEND 180 160 140 1 980 F(1981 1982 1983 120 I C/0 100 80 60 40 20 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STATION Figure 5-32 Soil Sulfate for 1980 Through 1983

~.

0 LEGEND~35 30 25 I CA L 20 cn g'D~<5 1 984 1 985 1986 198T EZ 1988 1 989 10 0 Goi G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-33 Soil Sulfate for 1984 Through 1989 20 18 16 I 12 LEGEND 1 980 1981 1 982 1 983 C5 10 K O V IX C3 0 G01 G03 605 G07 S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Fi gure 5-34 Soi1 Ch1ori de for 1980 Through 1983-20 18 16 14 Q 12 gg 10 X O O~O LEGEND 1 984.1985 1986 1 987"I'988 1989 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-35 So)1 Ch1oride for 1984 Through 1989 e.~e 30 25 20 LEGEND 1 980 1981 1 982 1 983.<R 1S K CF UJ 10 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-36 Soi1 Bicarbonate for 1980 Through 1983 t

80 70 60 50 oOR 40~OC CF LLj 30 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1 987 Eel sess l 989 20 10 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-37 Soi 1 B/carboante for 1984 Through 1989.

18.0 LEGEND 1 6.5 1 5.0 1 Z.5 C3~-~CA 1 2.0 V O C3 1 0.5 1980 1981 FZ~es2'983 9.0 7.5 6.0 Goi G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SO/G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-38 Soil Copper for l980 Through l983 1 8.0 LEGEND 8 CD 1 5.0 13.5-12.0-10.5 1 984 1 985 1986 1987 EZ 1988 1 989 7.5 6.0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-39 Soi 1 Copper t'or 1984 Through 1989 e.~o 0 0-7 5~Ch CD LEGEND 1 980 AP 1981 1982 1 983 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 , S06 STATION FIgure 5-40 So>1 Lead f'r 1980 Through 1983 O.~o I 5 pi 4 LEGEND 1 984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1 989 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION F)gure 5-41 So>1 Lead for 1984 Through 1989 26.0 20.8 18.2 I 16.6~CA P I 13.0 1 o.o LEGEND 1 980 1981 EZ 1982 1983 7.8 5.2 2.6 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 Soj'02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-42 Soil Nickel for 1980 Through 1983 28.0 23A 20.8 1 8.2 N 16.6 13.0 CD+O CL 10.+LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1987 1 988 1989 7.8 8.2 2,8 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-43 Soil Nickel for 1984 Through 1989

.80~72.64 I.&8 LEGEND 1 980 1981 1 982 1983 MI.co 9 c9 V O.Z2.16.08 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 Soj'02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-44 Soil Cadmium for 1980 Through 1983

.30.27.24.21 I.15 C/l m I.15 V O LEGEND 1984 1985 1986 1 987 1 988 1 989.09.06.03 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 SOY G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-45 Soil Cadmium for 1984 Through 1989

90 80 70 LEGEND 1 980 1981 1 982 1 983~.0 o~R 50 o 40 30 20 GO1 GO2GO3GO4GO5GO6GO7GO8SO1 SO2SO3SO4SO5SO6SO7 STATION FIgure 5-46 So)1 Zinc for 1980 Through 1983

0 70 LEGEND Q 50 o N 45 o 40 1984 1 985 1 986 1987 1 988 1 989 35 30 25 20 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01-S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-47 Soil Zinc for 1984 Through 1989 22.0 1 9.8 17.6 15.4 LEGEND 1 980:"'8'981 E~Z~ssz 1 983 (~(D~D~D-V~15.2 11.0-G.o 2.2 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STATION Figure 5-48 So)1 ChromIum for 1980 Through 1983 22.0 1 9.8 17.8 15.4 13.2 M 1 1.0 Q~~o O 88 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 198T EZ 1988 1989 8.8 2.2 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATlON Figure 5-49 Soi1 Chromium for 1984 Through 1989 i~

.20 LEGEND.18.16.14 1980 1981 1982 1 983.12 UJ~FJ.10 O t-CD.08.06.04.02 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-50 Soil Sodium for 1980 Through 1983

.20.18.16.14 Za CD D QJ 10 O~C9 Gi.08 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1987 EZ 1988 1 989.06.04.02 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-51 Soi1 Sodium for 1984 Through 1989

.50.45.40 LEGEND 1980 1981 E1Z~9sz R~sac.30 LxJ~V cn~.25 I-O~0.20.15 10.05 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08.S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-52 Soil Potassium for 1980 Through 1983

~o 0.50 LEGEND.35 g.30>o-5.25 0 g.20 1984.1 985 1986 198T EZ~I 1988 1989 15 10.05 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATtON Figure 5-53 Soll Potassium for l984 Through 1989 4o 0.750 LEGEND.675.600.525 1 980 1981 1 982 1 983.450~V PJ.375 CD.300.225 150.075 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08.S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-54 Soil Calcium for 1980 Through l983

4.

.750.675.600.525 g.48 0.375 Q I oX 5.300 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1 986 1 987 EZ 1988 1989 150~075 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 SQ7 G02 Q04 G06 GOS SOR S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-55 Soii CaIcium for 1984 Through 1989 0 o

.80.72.64.56 LEGEND 1 980 1981 1 982 1983 A8 V CA UJ DJ 0 gp V.~~C9.32.16.08 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure S-56 Soi 1 Magnesium for 1980 Through 1983

.80.T2.64.56 A8~UJ CD Cll UJ.<0~l-5~CD~~.32 LEGEND 1984 1985 1 986 1 98T 1 988 1 989.24.16.08 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-57 Soil Magnesium for 1984 Through 1989 20 LEGEND 16 g 12 FJ n~Q CA C)W Q X V O O~Q 8 LaJ)6 1984 1 985 1986 1987 EZ 1 988--*1 989 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-58 Copper Concentration (ug/g)in yyyyyl y 1984 Through 1989

10 7 X g Q Og x 3 O K~CD LEGEND 1 984 1 985 1986 1 987 1988 1 989 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-59 Copper Concentration (vg/g)in Ega~CgrciQ by Station for 1984 Through.1989 0 30 25 2O FJ p CL Ql 15 z<~O I)10 LEGEND a 1984 1 985 1986 1 987 1 988 1 989 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 Soj G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-60 Copper Concentration (ug/g)in ILrt~~dibatata by S tl f 1984 Through 1989

20 18 16 14 I 12 4J~CA'12 g 10 z Q O~O s)LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1987 1 988 1 989 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-62 Copper Concentration (ug/g)in Pll1gx~l II'by gt tt 4 Iggg Tb gb 1989 4.N 4 20 I-CD~UJ~" Cll D 10 op~C9 D'D I 4J LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986.1 987 1988 1 989 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-63 Copper Concentration (vg/g)in~r R~Z'gZgm by Station for 1984 Through'1 989 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 CL~O (g)Og 20 g O C3 O.X 1.5 LEGEND POSA BRTE EiZ slAL PHLO WUTR ARTR 1.0.5 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-64 Tota1 Vegetation Copper for May 1989

0.50 LEGEND.45.40.35 LrJ.30 C)CD Qn CD.20 1984 1985 1986 1987 EiZ 1988 9V-1 989.10.05 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STATION figure 5-65 Chloride Concentration (X)in~~yy yt y'y y yyyy Ty yy 1989 1.20 LEGEND 1.0S.96.S4 N 4J.72 C).60 1984 1985 1986 1987 qggg 1989 O AS.36~24.12 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04S06 STATION Figure 5-66 Chloride Concentration (X)in 3l~tlul altltkbm by 5t tl f 1984 Through 1989

M M CD CK CD 1.50 1.35 1.20 1.05.90.75 LEGEND 1984 1985 1986 1 987 EZ~I l 988 1 989 C'D.60.30.15 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STATION Figure 5-67 Ch1or)de ConcentratIon (L)in ILt by Station for 1984 Through 1989 O.~o LEGEND 1 984 1985 1986 1987 KZ't 988 1989 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04.G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STATlON Figure 5-68 Ch1oride Concentration (X)in Pgz~hi by Station for 1984 Through 1989

~o~I

.60.54.42.36 4J Cl C)CDÃQ~Q3 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 198T E+Z'I 988 1989.18.12.06 0 G01 G03 GOS GOT S01 S03 S05 SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 S05 STATION Figure 5-69 Chloride Concentration (X)in~Br~m~~r m by Station for 1984 Through 1989

~s LEGEND 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 SOT 002 G04.G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STATION Figure 5-70 Ch1oride Concentration V.)in Eb3m Jgg~~by Station for 1984 Through 1989 1.50 1.35 1.20 1.05 hC 4J C5.90 C)CD.75 CD.60 I-LEGEND POSA BRTE SIAL PHLO PUTR ARTR.30 15 0 G01 G03 G05 Goj'01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 , S06 STATION F)gure 5-71 Total Vegetation Chlor/de for Hay 1989

.240 LEGEND.21 6.192.168 M.144.120.096 CD h'OSA BRTE SIAL PHLO'POTR ARTR.072.048.024 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION Figure 5-72 Tota1 Vegetation Su1fate for Hay 1989

.20.18.16.14 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1 987 E~Z 1988 1 989.06.04.02 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 , S06 STATION Figure 5-73 Su1fate Concentrations G,)in~P M~~r Ii by Station for 1984 Through 1989

.350.315.280.245 W10 PnP.175 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1987 EZ 1988 1989.105.070.035 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STATION Figure 5-74 Sulfate Concentration

('L)in ILrrmtm.f~~r by Stationfor 1984 Through 1989

LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1987 1988 1 989 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STATION F)gvre 5-75 Su1fate Concentration (1))n~Ar gmi~f~l by St It, f 198 Tt gh 1989

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.30.27.24.21.18 C cn~~5.15, L EGEND 1 984 1985 1986 198T EZ 1988'1 989.09.06.03 0 G01 G03 G05 GOT S01 S03 SOS SOT G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04-S06 STATION FIgure 5-76 Su1fate ConcentratIon (X)in P~rJiy hg R tl%1984 Tt gt 1989

.220.198.176.132 C Ch~+),i~~110 W cL LEGEND 1984 1 985 0986 1 987 EZ 1988 1989.066.044.022 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07.G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04.S06 STAT!ON Figure 5-77 Su1fate Concentration in Lhhl><by Stationfor 1984 Through 1989 1.20 1.08.96.84 C.60 LEGEND 1984 1 985 1986 1 987 1 988 1989.36.24+12 0 G01 G03 G05 G07 S01 S03 S05 S07 G02 G04 G06 G08 S02 S04 S06 STATION FIgure 5-78 Sulfate Concentrat)ons (4)in m~r~1g~p~by Statton for 1984 Through 1989 o~~o Cap 0 1O Ct 1 IQ 0////0E.II:lg:;:.::g.'.,4,'s'~44"~y4k~:

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%5"(r4 T.15~DOE':ig"-:,'RAVEL PIT@ST.14 0ST.19ST.11 POWER UNE--WYE BARACADE ASHE SUBSTATION rr rr 00 rr 4~rr rr/~/V@4/~O//ACCESS RD.FFTF ST.2 ST.1 Q,~, BURIAL+GROUND rr N 0 r rr III ST.12 rr 55 rr ST.1O.r/ST.9rrA OO+v ST T 0+0,00'T.4~O~~+lrl~V SST.9 R 0 0 SCALE(LSLES) 1 1.5 0.5Figure 5-79 Location Map of Cooling Tower Drift Monitoring Sites 880851 MARCH 1888 5-105

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'Vessejs'"'890317>>Figure 5-80 Cooling Tower Drift Collection Vessel 5-106 7.1~NBQJDJCTI(5 The Asiatic clam (Q~r'l~1m~in)is an introduced species which has caused problems at electrical generating plants throughout the country.Extensive fouling by relic shells have reduced cooling water flow rates in safety-related systems necessitating plant shutdowns in the southeast.

Because of these problems, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission issued Inspection and Enforcement Bulletin 81-03 in April, 1981.This bulletin requires holders of operating licenses to inspect these systems for the presence of the bivalve.7.2 MATERIAL AND METH D Surveys of the tower make-up (TMU)pump pit, the circulating water pumphouse and the main condenser water boxes are conducted at least once a year.A cooling tower was also inspected this year after a cleaning crew reported finding shells.The inspections of the circulating water pumphouse was done by inspecting the screens as they were pulled out for cleaning.The TMU pump pit was inspected by SCUBA divers.73 RE T AND DI I N An extensive inspection of the main condenser water boxes, conducted during the annual refueling outage, revealed one relic shell and no living~r i~.Several relic shells were found on the screens removed from the circulating water pumphouse.

In the TMU pump pit, divers removed a population of clams and modifications are being made to negate the reestablishment of a Qgrt~i~l population there.

')

8.0 E I L PHO 0 PHY P M The aerial photography program began in June of 1988 to mon'itor the vegetation surrounding HNP-2 for impact due to cooling tower operation.

Aerial photo-graphs taken with color infrared (CIR)film, allow large areas to be monitored and to detect signs of possible stress before it becomes visible to the human eye.In addition to examination for stress, the:photographs will be'om-pared with those taken in following years to look for changes in vegetation patterns and evidence of cumulative damage: This program-is performed to comply with llashington State Energy Facility Site Evaluation Council (EFSEC)Resolution No.239 dated September 14, 1987.8.2 N/TEf~~N~ET~HD This program was planned using guidelines published in'UREG/CR-1231'NRC, 1980).This report outlined the basic requirements

'for an aerial'onitoring program and suggested types of film, photograph scales, frequency of photo-graph acquisition and the size of prints.Five flightlines (Figure 8.1)were planned to cover the areas of greatest deposition according to the drift model constructed by Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (PNL, 1976).Two flightlines, approximately 7 miles (11.2 Km)in length, run in a general north-south direction.

These flight-lines run between the two areas of greatest deposition according"to the model.The other three flightlines of approximately

'5'miles (8.1 Km)in'ength, run in an east-west direction and were placed.to cross gradients of deposition.

The five flightlines were flown at an altitude of 1,550 feet (477m)above mean sea level.The flightline coordinates are stored in the long-range navigation (LORAN)system in the contractors airplane.This allows the same lines to be photographed in following years.8-1 The photographs were taken with Kodak Aerochrome 2443 color infrared film in a Hasselblad ELM 70mm camera.A Planar lens with a 80mm focal length was used.with a number.12 Wratteo filter attached.The scale is 1:6,000 in a 70mm x C f7, 70mm format, Tile relatively large scale of 1:6,000 was chosen as being large enough to differentiate the types of shrubs in the areas surrounding WNP-2.The 70mm size was chosen over the larger nine inch by nine inch format for ease of handling and the storage of the nearly 300 photographs.

1~Color infrared (CIR)film was chosen over natural color or black and white film because the, symptoms of stress on vegetation may show in the infrared wavelengths before, it becomes apparent, in the visible wavelengths.

CIR film is eas.ier to interpret than black and white infrared because the shades of color are easier to differenti.ate than the subtler shades of gray in the mono-.chromatic infrared.Healtily;vegetation will show as a dark red or magenta color,.Stres.sed, vegetati,on will show lighter shades of red to white.Inter-*pretation of the photographs is done on a light table and viewed with magni-fying glass or stereo microscope.

A plastic sheet is put over the photographs to protect the film and to allow areas of interest to be marked with a grease pencil.Each photograph is examined and signs of stress are noted by flight-line number and frame number.The photographs are taken with an overlap of 50%to make it possible to view them in stereo if desired.The 501.overlap was maintained during the acquisition by controlling the shutter with an intervelometer.

~fS H The photographs were used.in the placing of the samplers for the cooling tower drift study.The samplers were placed on portions of the two north-south flightlines.

In future overflights, the stations may be used to ground truth the photographs..Markers will be placed next to the samplers to make the stations easier to,find on the photographs.

The ground truthing will consist of a survey of an area or areas on a flightline and examination of the vegetation for other signs of stress.8-2 8.3 ES L AND DIS I The overflight was performed by the contractor, Photography'Plus of Umatilla, Oregon.The photog'raphs were'received at the Environmental Laboratory on Hay 24.The initial examination of the flightlines v'(as to'determine"the quality of the photographs, which was found to be generally good.'second, more detailed examination follow'ed for the purpose of"interpret'ation.

Inspection of the photographs revealed that the ve)etation sur'rounding HNP-2 was general ly heal thy.The large shrubs Ar~m~iig~rid~nt@'and~Pr~hi~rid~n~y were mostly limited to isolated 1'ndiv'idUals or smaIT"clusters because the flightlines cover the area that had burned'in the 1984 range I~S ij~f\.h di!d!.~."d'~!'!'>>'"!,ih'Jl" I"'!~l~1 Lyly i and immature shrubs cannot'be differeo'tiated according'to species as they were too small for the 1:6,000 scale of the ph'otographs.

Many small shrubs were noted on the northern half of flightline'.'n inspection of ,I~several areas along the flightline revealed that these s'hrubs were immature h Wq!j specimens of Ar~m~ii~.I<~g e Grasses were found to grow in greater'density in the low ar'eas between and on ,"~the slopes of the small rolling hills surrounding HNP-2.Density in flat, open areas was low, appearing in the photos as a pinkish hue in areas.No attempt was made at determining species from the photographs.

The growth patterns of the grasses will be compared with'later photogr'hphs to determine~g s ($(~V'4~V if any changes are occurring.

None of the photographs revealed areas of v*egeta'tion in's'tress a'n'd growth patterns remained consistent on all flightlines'.

No adver'se'mpact was evident from the operation of HNP-2.8-3 8.4~BBIJQgjgg@

I)C Shipley', p.L., S.B.Pahwa, M.D.Thompson and R.B.Lantz.1980.NUREG/CR-1231.

Remote sensing for detection and monitoring of sal't-stress on vegetation:

Evaluation and guidelines.

Final report, September 1976-March 1979.Nuclear Regulatory,Cbmmlssion, Washington, D.C;1 Droppo, J.G., C.E.Hane and R.K.Woodruff.1976.Atmospheric effects of circular mechanical draft cooling towers at Washington Public Power Supply.System Nuclear Power Plant Number Two.Battelle Pacific Northwest-*.""-Laboratories, Richland,',WA'.

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