ML17039B033
| ML17039B033 | |
| Person / Time | |
|---|---|
| Site: | West Valley Demonstration Project |
| Issue date: | 01/30/2017 |
| From: | Bower B C US Dept of Energy, West Valley Demonstration Project |
| To: | Meyer M R NRC/NMSS/DDUWP/MDB |
| A. Snyder NMSS/DUWP/MDB 415-6822 T-8E45 | |
| References | |
| WVDP-575 | |
| Download: ML17039B033 (12) | |
Text
Department ofEnergyWestValleyDemonstration Project10282RockSpringsRoadWestValley,NY14171-9799 January30,2017MatthewR.Meyer,Chief(Acting)Materials Decommissioning BranchDivisionofDecommissioning, UraniumRecovery, andWasteProgramsOfficeofNuclearMaterialSafetyandSafeguards U.S.NuclearRegulatory Commission TwoWhiteflintNorth11545Rockville PikeRockville, MD20852-273 8
SUBJECT:
U.S.Department ofEnergyWestValleyDemonstration Project(DOE-WVDP)
Responses totheU.S.NuclearRegulatory Commission (NRC)CommentsonDOEWVDPVitrification FacilityDecommissioning
&Demolition Plan,WVDP-575, Rev.3,datedJuly6,2016
REFERENCE:
Letter(368973),
M.R.MeyertoB.C.Bower,"U.S.NuclearRegulatory Commission CommentsonU.S.Department ofEnergyWestValleyDemonstration ProjectVitrification facilityDecommissioning
&Demolition Plan,WVDP-575, Rev.3,datedJuly6,2016(DocketNo.POOM-0032),"
datedSeptember 12,2016.
DearMr.Meyer:
TheDOE-WVDPissubmitting responses totheNRCcommentsontheVitrification FacilityDecommissioning
&Demolition Planassubmitted bytheNRCwiththeabovereferenced letter.TheattachedtableliststheNRCcommentsandprovidesresponses withtheinformation andexplanation toaddresseachcomment.PleasecontactMoiraMaloneyofmystaffat(716)942-4255ifyouhaveanyquestions, needadditional information, orifyouwouldliketoscheduleaconference calltodiscusstheattached.
Sincerely, (BC.Bower,DirectorWestValleyDemonstration Project
Enclosure:
CommentandResponseTablefortheU.S.NRCCommentsontheWVDPVitrification facilityDecommissioning
&Demolition Plancc:SeePage2ZZZ:369807
-450.4 Mr.MatthewR.Meyer-2-January30,2017cc:S.W.Chase,CHBWV,WV-1OPLEX, w/enc.T.D.Dogal,CHBWV,WV-1OPLEX, w/enc.D.P.Kienk,CHBWV,WV-YOPLEX, w/enc.R.E.Steiner,CHBWV,WV-PL6,w/enc.M.N.Maloney,DOE-WVDP, AC-DOE,w/enc.Z.Z.Zadins,DOE-WVDP, AC-DOE,w/enc.A.Snyder,NRC,w/enc.,amy.snyder@nrc.gov P.Bembia,NYSERDA,AC-NYS,w/enc.ZZZ:369807-450.4 U.S.NUCLEARREGULATORY COMMISSION COMMENTSONWESTVALLEYDEMONSTRATION PROJECTVITRIFICATION FACILITYDECOMMISSIONING
&DEMOLITION PLAN,WVDP-575, REV.3CommentNRCCommentWVDPResponseI)Section5.3,"Deactivation Activities Remaining":
Providethejustification Thecriteriaforfixingcontamination andleavingcontaminated orrationale explaining whyadditional decontamination isnotreasonable materials/equipment inplaceforremovalduringdemolition isanALARApriortodisassembling/demolishing thestructure.
Also,discusstheevaluation todetermine iffurtherdecontamination effortsarejustified inlieuofcriteriaorrationale forfixingandleavingcontaminated beginning demolition activities withfixatives applied.Additional materiallequipment inplaceforreniovalduringdemolition, decontamination isnotreasonable ifdisassembly/demolition ofthestructure alreadymeetsprescribed limitsforopenairdemolition, usingtheALARAprinciples, including cost-benefit analysisoftheseprograms(10CFR20.1003andNUREG-1530).
ANewSection6.4.1onALARAwillbeaddedtothedocumentduringthenextrevision-see Attachment 1.Removingtheradiological materials withlongreachequipment duringdemolition resultsinlowertotalpersonnel dosethanwouldberealizedifadditional
'handson"deactivation orremovalactivities weretobeperformed.
Airdispersion models,AERMODandCAP-88,alongwithradionuclide sourcetermestimates areusedtoestimatepotential radiological dosetoworkersandthepublic,respectively, duringdemolition.
Thismodelingisthensupported bycontinuous monitoring duringdemolition toensurealllevelsarewithinregulatory limits.Toestimatethedosetothepublic,CAP-88isusedwithairemissions calculated usingthealternative methodology forradionuclide sourcetermcalculations asdescribed intheJanuary25,2016letterfromDOE-WVDPtotheU.S.EPA.Thismethodology isreferredtoasthe'Alternative Calculation" inthesubsequent responses.
2)Section6,1,"GeneralDecommissioning ApproachandTechnologies" Theactionlevelsattheperimeter ofthesitewillbe0.02DACwhichistheandSection6.4,"Radiation Protection andRadiological Controls":
maximumaverageconcentration according totheAERMODcalculation andDescribethestrategyortheguidelines thatwillbefollowedpriortoactivityonthedeposition matsof20dpm/100cm2alphaand1000dpmll00cm2beginning demolition (e.g.,smearable levelsarelessthanX,airbornebeta-gamma.
AERMODmodelingofresidualcontamination obtainedfromcontamination islessthanY,anddirectmeasurement islessthanZ,radiological surveyswillbeusedtodetermine ifcontamination-including theetc.)thatensurethattheradiological controlsforbuildingdemolition demolition approaches usedinaspecificarea(Cut,Shear,Break,Drop),remainappropriate fortheradiological conditions thatareanticipated fixativeapplications, andmistingcontrols-will ensurethatDACobjectives areduringbuildingdemolition, met(0.02DACattheperimeter boundary).
Airsampling, deposition monitoring andotherjobsupportsurveyswillbecompleted durinqdemolition toverifyestimated results.175OCMB1WD:2017:0001 CommentNRCCommentWVDPResponseNumber3)Section6.1,"GeneralDecommissioning ApproachandTechnologies" Specificstepsandsequencing aredetailedintheWorkInstruction PackageandSection6.4,"Radiation Protection andRadiological Controls":
Given(WIP)alongwithdiagramsthatidentifysafetyandradiological considerations, thenatureandprogression ofthework(useofwater/suppressants toprecautions andnotes.Theapproachforwatercollection, including waterusedkeepcontamination down;eventually thecellwillbeopentothefordustsuppression, andmanagement isdescribed inanappendixtotheWIPenvironment, possiblyforacoupleofmonths,andlaydownareaswillbeandissummarized below.opentotheenvironment forfurtherdisassembly andstagingofdebrisandwaste),providemoredetailwithregardtothestrategyonwaterWatercontrolbarriersshallbeinplacepriortoandmaintained duringalluselrunoff.
Howwillwaterusedfordustsuppression bemanagedduringphasesofdemolition.
ThelowerportionoftheVitrification Facility(VF)cellandapplication tosuppressdustandhowwillthevolumeofwaterbeabermsetuparoundthedemolition areawillprovidecontrolandcontainment contmlled toavoidpotential impacttoothersystems(i.e.,gmundwatei fordustsuppression waterandprecipitation.
Thewaterwillbetestedinspreadofcontamination withinworkzoneandoutsideworkzone,etc.)?accordance withsiteprocedures andtransferred fortreatment throughtheWVDPlow-level wastetreatment facility.
Effortswillbemadetominimizethevolumeofwaterbyusingmistingtechniques andasurfactant.
Walerwillbedispositioned fromthecontainment areasmentioned abovebeforetheareasbecomefull.Stormdraininletswithinthebermedareawillbesealedtoavoidpotential impacttoothersystems(i.e.,groundwater, spreadofcontamination withinandoutsidetheworkzone).4)Section6.1"GeneralDecommissioning ApproachandTechnologies" anda)PriortoplacinggroutintheVFcell;anengineering analysiswasperformed Section6.2"Equipment tobeUtilizedandAvailable":
todetermine thethickness ofthe1,200psigroutneededtoavoidfloordamagea)HowdoestheU.S.Department ofEnergy(DOE)supportthefromdroppeddebrisduringdemolition.
Theanalysisdetermined thethickness assumption thatthesurfacesthataregroutedwillnotbeinadvertently ofgroutneededtoprotecttheflooriftheassumedheaviestpieceofdebrisdisturbed duringdemolition?
(steelcranerailsupportbeamweighing2,037Ibs)fellthe32ftfromitssupportabovethefloor.Toprovideanadditional marginofprotection, concretedemolition debriswillbeplacedoverthegroutedfloorsurfacepriortoremovingandloweringthepieceofdebrisusedinthecalculation.
b)Whatportionoftheinventory willbeincludedinthesourcetermb)Thesourcetermcalculations arepartofatransparent processandarecalculations?
willDOEbetransparent inassigning inventories inthedocumented inacalculation record,including materialatrisk(MAR),whichissourcetermcalculations (e.g.,including thetotalinventory presentforstoredintheproject's recordssystem,subjecttoGovernment recordkeeping the"material atrisk"andusingthe"demolition ratio"toaccountfortherequirements.
portionoftheinventory thatwillbeimpactedasaresultofthedemolition activity?)
Note:terms"material atrisk"and"demolition ratio"arefoundin[Itappearsthatwherethecommentrefersto"demolition ratio"thisshouldbeDOE's"Methodology forRadionuclide SourceTermCalculations forAir"damageratio"asusedintheJanuary2016paperontheAlternative Emissions fromDemolition Activities" datedJanuary2016.Calculation.]
Alloftheinventory presentwiltbeassignedtotheMARandthe"DamageRatio"(DR)inthecalculations willbeusedtoaccountforinventory thatisimpacted.
175OCMB2WD:2017:0001 Section6.4,"Radiation Protection andRadiological Controls":
a)Beforeactualbuildingdemolition workbegins,providetheairdispersion modelreportsforreview.Thisshouldincludeadescription oftheassumptions andrationale usedtoperformthemodeling.
b)Itisunclearhowcut,shear,break,anddropdemolition activities listedinSection6.1,(andequipment listedinSection6.2)comparetothelistofactivities described in"Methodology forRadionuclide SourceTermCalculations forAirEmissions fromDemolition Activities",
andifallactivities andallcontrolsthatwillbeemployedarelistedinthemethodology document(e.g..howareemissions fromdropdemolition activities calculated?).
c)Manyfactors(e.g.,damageratio,airbornereleasefraction, leakpathfactor)listedin"Methodology forRadionuclide SourceTermCalculations forAirEmissions fromDemolition Activities" appeartobebasedonprofessional judgement asexperience anddataarelimitedtodetermine parameters touseinthecalculations.
Therefore, itwillbeimportant tobetransparent regarding whatactivities willbeconducted andwhatinformation isavailable tosupportsourcetermcalculations fortheseactivities, andtomanageuncertainty associated withthecalculations (e.g.,throughconservative assumptions whendataisunavailable orverylimited).
d)Whatisthestrategyifasignificant releaseorexposureisdetectedwhiledoingthework?Include,howtheoverallsignificance wouldbedetermined andwhatactionswouldbeexpectedtotakeplaceincluding theactionslevelsthatwouldnecessitate suchaction,andanyadditional plansthatwouldbeinvoked,ifnecessary.
e)Clarifywhetherdatareceivedearlyonand/orthroughout thedemolition processwillbeusedtovalidateparameter assumptions andpreliminary calculations.
Clarifywhetherthereisafeedbackmechanism toupdateworkerandmemberofthepublicriskassessments andtoinformradiation protection measuresforfutureactivities.
a)Calculation packagesforAERMODandtheAlternative Calculation willbetransmitted separately totheNRC.b)Theactivities described inSection6.1ofthedemolition planareintendedtogiveanoveralldescription ofaspectsofthedemolition process.Theprimarymethodusedfordropoperations intheJanuary2016Alternative Calculation paperisfrommechanical shearing.
TheAirborneReleaseFraction(ARF)selectedis1E-03,whichisbasedondroppinganobjectintoapileofpowder.Langer(Seesection4.4.3.3.2 oftheDOEHandbookDOE-HDBK3010-94)droppedlargerocksontovariouspowdersandmeasuredARFsforeachtypeofpowderedmaterial.
ThehighestvaluemeasuredwasIE-03(forA1203),whichisthesameARFusedintheAlternative Calculation.
FortheHydraulic Hammerdemolition method,whichalsomightincludeadropcomponent, theestimated emissions alsouseanARFof1E-03,again,basedontheLangerstudyofdroppinglargerocksintoapileofpowder.Inbothcases,thedropoperation wasconsidered indeveloping thealternative calculation methods.c)Commentnoted.Thesourcetermcalculations arepartofatransparent processandaredocumented inacalculation record,including MAR,whichisstoredintheproject's recordssystemandwillbetransmitted separately totheNRC.MethodsfortheAlternative Calculation arebasedonexperimental dataasdocumented inthereferences.
However,aspartoftheapprovalprocesswithEPA,anemissions studywillbeconducted duringdemolition tovalidatetheAlternative Calculation methods.d)Includedintheworkdocumentisaradiological monitoring planincluding actionlevels.Alertswillbeestablished forContinuous AirMonitors(CAMs)toalerttheworkersbeforeastopworklevelisreached.Atanalert,anevaluation oftheongoingworkwilltakeplacetodetermine iftheincreaseinactivitywasanticipated, andwhatactions,ifany,areneeded.Presetlevelsforalertswillbeprovidedbytheradiological controlsdepartment.
ThefinalWIPwillpresenttheAlerts,andactionstotakeintheeventthatAlertsareexceeded(including intheeventofasignificant release).
e)Theradiological dataisanalyzedeachdayandapprovaltoproceedbytheradiological controlsdepartment isrequiredeachmorningbasedonthedata.(Thisapprovalwillbeidentified inthedailystatuslogbytheRadiological ControlsSupervisor (RCS).)Anyabnormality inthedatawillbeanalyzedandaddressed thenextmorningwiththeworkcrews.5)CommentNRCCommentWVDPResponseNumber175OCMB3WD:2017:0001 1)OnPage33of66ofthePlan,itstates,'Monitoring duringdemolition ofthebuildingincludesairmonitoring inthevicinityofthedemolition actionsforradiotogical releasestoprotectworkerhealthandsafety.Thismonitoring willalsoserveasanindication ofpotential airbornehazardous constituent releases.
Shouldreleasesbedetectedabovepresetlevels,workwillbestoppedandadditional controlswillbeevaluated andimplemented, asnecessary.
Ambientairmonitoring stationslocatedaroundtheperimeter oftheWVDP[WestValleyDemonstration Project]willmonitorforairborneradioactivity andconfirmprotection ofthepublic."Whatamthepresetlevels,andhowamtheycalculated?
g)Onpage36of66ofthePlan,itstates'TheWVDP[WestValleyDemonstration Project]submitted arequestforapprovaltoEPA[Environmental Protection Agency]toutilizealternative methodology forradionuclide source-term calculations forairemissions fromWVDPdemolition activities aspermitted by40CFR[CodeofFederatRegulation]
Part61.g6(b).
Thisrequestwassubmitted inJanuary2016,andfollowing EPAreviewandapproval, calculations willbeperformed toAspartoftheapprovalprocesswithEPA,anemissions studywillbeconducted duringdemolition tovalidatetheAlternative Calculation methodsforestimating dosetothepublic.UThe0.02DACcomesfromfederalregulations (10CFR835)thatwouldtriggermandatory personnel monitoring (100person-mremlyr) andthecontamination levelsarethelevelsforaContamination Areawhichtheintentistoremainbelowintheareaoutsidethe3Dmboundary.
Fortheambientairmonitoring
- stations, compliance withthedosestandard, andtherebyprotection ofthepublic,isdetermined onayearlybasisbycomparing potential (major)isotopicconcentrations tothoselistedintheregulation (4OCFR61AppendixE,Table2).AlthoughattheWVDP,ambientairmeasurement dataareexaminedroutinely atmultipletimes(benchlevel,monthly,quarterly andannually) thetimeliest formalexamination of'exception&'
occursasthesampledataisenteredintotheWVDP'senvironmental database(theEnvironmental Laboratory Information Management System,theELIMS).Forquarterly isotopicdataandmonthlycharcoaldata,warninglimitsarebaseduponaresultexceeding theWVDPcontractrequireddetection limiLAlarmlimitsarebasedonthequarterly resultexceeding 5%oftheNESHAPConcentration LevelforEnvironmental Compliance.
Forbiweeklyalpha/beta data,warningandalarmlimitsarebasedonsamplemeanandstandarddeviation asderivedfromthenetworksamplescollected duringthefirstquarterofoperation.
Forbiweeklysampleflow,upperandlowerwarninglimitsarebasedonpresetlimits:Upperwarning-totalflowexceeding 1.3timesthebiweeklytargetflowLowerwarning-totalflowbelow0.8timesthebiweeklytargetflow.Anyvalueforalpha/beta,
- isotopic, orsampleflowdataenteredthatisoutsideoftheseranges(warningoralarm)iscapturedonaLIMSException Reportthatisgenerated weekly.g)Forthefirstpartofthequestion, pleaseseethefirstparagraph intheresponsetocomment5.fl,abovaThestatement onpage36wasintendedtocommunicate thatmeetingworkerprotection limitswillalsohelpprotectthepublic,whoarelocatedfartherawayfromactivedemolition.
However,thisisnotwhatisreliedupontoassureanddocumentproteclion ofthepublic.CommentNRCCommentWVDPResponseNumber1750CM64WD:2017:0001 areCommentNRCCommentI'W\.'lj1ResponseNumberestimateradiological emissions anddemonstrate compliance withradNESHAP[National Emissions Standards forHazardous AirPollutants]
requirements.
Resultsfromthesecalculations willalsobeusedtoestablish workerprotection limitstomaintainairborneconcentrations belowacceptable criteriaatanestablished perimeter fromtheactivedemolition zone.Maintaining thisworkerprotection limitwillalsobeprotective ofthepublic."Whatworkerprotection limits/constraints arebeingused(e.g.,airconcentrations, doses,etc.)andwhataretheirbases?Howdotheworkerlimits/constraints assurethatthepublicwillbeprotected?
h)Onpage36of66ofthePlan,itstates,"Radiological surveyswillalsobeperformed anddocumented following finalpreparations fordemolition including finalgroutplacement andfixativeapplication towallsandothersurfaces.
Airdispersion modelingusingthesesurveyresultswillbeperformed toconfirmanddocumentthatopenairdemolition oftheyE[Vitrification Facility]
cansafelycommenc&Thesecalculations anddocumentation willundergointernalreviewbyCHBWV[CH2MHillBWXTWestValley,LLC]andalsobyDOE-WVDP[Department ofEnergy-West ValleyDemonstration Project]."
Howwillradiological surveydatabeusedinairdispersion modelingandhowwillthisinformation supplement orreplaceotherpreliminary sourcetermcalculations described in"Methodology forRadionuclide SourceTermCalculations forAirEmissions (mmDemolition Activities"?
TheEPAhasapprovedanalternative methodforestimating emissions fromthedemolition activities asitrelatestocompliance with40CFR61SubpartHThealternative methodwillbeusedtodemonstrate thattheemissions fromdemolition willresultinadosetothemaximally exposedindividual thatwouldnotexceed0.1mremlyr.ThemaximumFederalLimitforanexposedpublicindividual, whichisprotective ofthepublic,aspromulgated in40CFR61SubpartHis10mrem/yr.Therefore, amarginof10,000%hasbeenestablished basedonusingthealternative calculation method,h)Apeerreviewedcalculation (CALC-2016-036 VITDemolition Readiness) identifies the"asis"activityanddemolition readiness.
Thiscalculation hasbeenprovidedtoandreviewedbyDOE-WVDP.
Thesourcetermdeveloped withtheAlternative Calculation isareleasesourceterm(notanairborneconcentration) anddoesnotincludeanyairdispersion.
Alloftheradiological inventory estimated basedonthesurveyswillbeassignedtotheMaterialAtRisk(MAR),andtheDamageRalio(DR)inthecalculations willbeusedtoaccountfortheinventory thatisimpacted.
Tocalculate theairconcentration, airdispersion calculations mustbeperformed.
Twodispersion modelswillbeused.CAP-SBwillbeusedtoestimatedosetothepublic,asrequiredbyEPAandDOEregulations.
EPA'sAERMODsoftwarewillbeusedtoestimateairborneconcentrations whicharethenconverted toDACvaluesforworkerprotection.
AERMODmodelingofresidualcontamination obtainedfromradiological surveyswillbeusedtodetermine ifcontamination thatareencountered-including thedemolition approaches usedinaspecificarea(Cut,Shear,Break,Drop),fixativeapplications, andmistingcontrols-will ensurethatDACobjectives met(0.02DACattheperimeter boundary).
Inaddition, inthecaseoftheVitrification Facilitydemolition, AERMODwillalsobeusedtoestimateairborneconcentrations atanambientsamplerthatwillbesitedattheWVDPforusesolelytoestablish thevalidityofthemethodsintheAlternative Calculation.
1750CM85WD:2017:0001 CommentNRCCommentWVDPResponse6)Generalcomment:HowwillDOEaddressvariability inmeteomlogical Thecalculation todemonstrate demolition readiness fortheVitrification Facilityconditions duringdemolition activities whenevaluating potential wother(CALC-2016-036) includestheAERMODdatawhichuses5yearsofonsiteandmemberofthepublicrisk(andestablishing necessaiy controls) meteorological data.Amonitoring programwillbeinplacetoverifyconditions throughuseofairdispersion modeling?
DOEshouldprovideexamplearewithinexpectedparameters.
airdispersion modelfiles(CAP-Ba[CleanAirActAssessment Package-19881,andAERMOD)andresultsusedinpreliminary calculations.
HowPertheEPAapprovaloftheAlternative Calculation, asamplerwillbesitedatwillDOEuseoffsiteairmonitoring tovalidatemodelsanddemonstrate theWVDPwithasolepurposeofvalidating thealternative calculation compliance withradiological criteria?
methods.Assamplesaretakenfromthissampler,theonsitemeteorological datawillbeprocessed forthetimeperiodthatthesamplerwasoperating duringdemolition.
Thismeteorological data,alongwithanestimateofthesourcetermoverthatperiodduetodemolition, willbeinputintoAERMODandtheresultscomparedagainstthesamplerdata.Adjustments indemolition controlsandwiththeAlternative Calculation methodcanbemadebasedonthisdata.Notethatthissamplerwillbelocatedonsite,nearthedemolition activities andisnotanoff-sitesampler.Itisexpectedthattheoff-sitesamplerswillcontinuetoreadatornearbackground concentrations.
Suchlowvalueswouldnotprovidestatistically meaningful dataasitrelatedtotheAlternative Calculation methodforemissions.
Therefore, therearenoplanstotrytocorrelate theoff-sitesamplerdatawiththeAlternative Calculation methodvalidation.
7)Onpage8of66ofthePlan,itstates:"ThespecificD&DThelessonslearned(LL)fromthespecified projectsarebeingincorporated
[Decommissioning
&Demolitionj approaches, techniques, workintotheWorkInstruction Package(WIP)fordemolition oftheVitrification sequencing andschedulearebasedoncurrently available information Facility.
SomeoftheLLinclude:andplanningandlessonslearnedfromdemolition oftheWVDP01-14*TheWIPfordemolition isamulti-phased workpackagedeveloped toBuilding.
Demolition ofthe01-14Buildingwasconducted asaproofofminimizetheresources neededtodevelopseveralsmallerworkconceptforsafeandcompliant openairdemolition ofaradiological packagestoallowthecrewtobetterunderstand theentireprojectandbuilding."
what'scomingnext.Onpage20of66ofthePlan,itstates:"Lessonslearnedfromthe2013*Specificstepsandsequencing aredetailedintheWIPalongwithdemolition ofthe01-14BuildingattheWVDP,theSeparations Processbuildingdiagramsthatidentifysafetyandradiological considerations, ResearchUnit(SPRU)D&Dactivities atKnollsAtomicPowerLaboratory, precautions andnotes.andotherDOEfacilities willbefactoredintotheplanningfortheVF*Utilization ofrealtimeairmonitorsandreviewsofdailyradiological datademolition, toensureresultsarewithinanticipated limits.Also,theNRCstaffreviewedthesummaryofthe5lessonslearned*Carefulconsideration ofdustsuppression methodsaswellastheratefoundathttps://opexshare.doe.gov/lessoncfm/2014/7/3014406/Open-Air-ofapplication andwindspeedanddirection.
Demolition-of-Radiologicaily-Contaminated-Building-O1-14-at-the-West-
- Emphasizing theuseofstopworkauthority foranyunplanned changeValley-Demonstration-Proiect.
.inconditions.
Itisunclearwhat"lessonslearned'wereappliedandhowtheywereappliedtothePlan.Additional LL,havealsobeenimplemented duringfacilitydeactivation suchas:*Thoroughcharacterization ofthefacility.
- Utilization ofpersonnel familiarwiththefacilityandassociated hazards.*Application offixatives tocontrolthespreadofcontamination.
- Removalofsmaller,contaminated itemsthatwouldbedifficult toremovewithlargerdemolition equipment.
175OCMB6WD:2017:0001 CommentNRCCommentWVDPResponseNumber8)Page7of66inthePlanitstates,In2015,theUS.Environmental Commentnoted.Thecorrectcitationwillbeusedinthenextrevision.
Protection Agency(EPA)approvedtheuseof"ambientenvironmental measurementC pursuantto40CFR61.93(b)(5) forestimating off-sitedosefromairborneemissions andtodemonstrate compliance with10CFR61,Subpartft"Comment:10CFR61shouldbe40CFR61.175OCMB7WD:20l7:0001 ATTACHMENT IALARASECTIONTOBEADDEDTOTHEVITRIFICATION FACILITYDECOMMISSIONING
&DEMOLITION PLAN1750CM8WD:2017:0001 6.4.1ALARAAslowasreasonably achievable (ALARA)isaphilosophy ofstrivingforexcellence inthepracticeofhealthphysicsandisanimportant aspectofradiation-safety regulations.
TheNationalCouncilonRadiation Protection andMeasurements hasstated"ALARAissimplythecontinuation ofgoodradiation-protection programsandpractices whichtraditionally havebeeneffective inkeepingtheaverageandindividual exposures formonitored workerswellbelowthelimits'(NCRP1993).Theapplication ofALARAclearlyincludestheconsideration ofeconomicandsocialfactors,andthuswillinherently bedifferent fordifferent sourcesorfacilities.
From10CFR20.1003:ALAPAmeansmakingeveryreasonable efforttomaintainexposures toradiation asfarbelowthedoselimitsinthispartasispractical consistent withthepurposeforwhichthelicensedactivityisundertaken, takingintoaccountthestateoftechnology, theeconomics ofimprovements inrelationtostateoftechnology, theeconomics ofimprovements inrelationtobenefitstothepublichealthandsafety,andothersocietalandsocioeconomic considerations, andinrelationtoutilization ofnuclearenergyandlicensedmaterials inthepublicinterestThe10CFR20.1103standardforALARAissimilartothatinDOE-STD-1 098-2008:
10CFR835requiresDOEactivities todevelopandimplement plansandmeasurestomaintainoccupational radiation exposures aslowasisreasonably achievable (ALAPA)[see10CFR835.101and835.10011 Asappliedtooccupational radiation
- exposure, theALARAprocessdoesnotrequirethatexposures toradiological hazardsbeminimized withoutfurtherconsideration, butthatsuchexposures beoptimized, takingintoaccountboththebenefitsarisingoutoftheactivityandthedetriments arisingfromtheresultant radiation exposures andthecontrolstobeimplemented.
TheALARAconceptisfoundedontheprofessional judgmentofradiation-safety managersandpersonnel andisnot,therefore, abletobeusedasameasureastowhetherornotaparticular radiation-safety programisadequateincomparison withotherprograms.
Additionally, theALARAconceptdoesnotprovideanumerical limitbelowwhichtheALARAconceptisachieved; ALARAmakeseveryreasonable efforttomaintainexposureasfarbelowregulatory limitsaspossible.
Quantitative ALARAanalysesincludesocietal, technological,
- economic, andpublicpolicyconsiderations.
Inaddition, theseALARAanalysesconsiderNRCandDOEguidanceforperforming thefollowing ALARAassessments:
- Identification ofpossibleradiation protection systems,suchasalternative operating methodsorcontrols, thatisreasonably achievable, Theoptionsrangefromthemostrudimentary (basecase)tothemosttechnologically sophisticated systems.*Quantification ofexposures anddosestoworkersandthepublicinthevicinityoftheworkthroughairmonitoring anddosimetry.
- Quantification oftheeconomicfactors,including thecostsofpurchasing, installing, operating, andmaintaining theradiological equipment, andthepotential healtheffectsassociated withtheexposureofpeopleandanyotherdirectorindirectcostresulting fromexposures toradiation duringinvestigations andlorremediation.
- Identification andestimation ofotherhealthandnon-health detriments andbenefits, suchasequipment lossandaccidents.
- Evaluation ofprocessalternatives usingaquantitative cost-benefit
- analysis, whenpossible(NUREG-1530,10CFR50AppendixI,REGGUIDE8.37).*Implementation oftheALARAprinciples andmonitoring oftheresults.1750CM8WD:2017:0001 Thefollowing specificfactorswereusedinperforming aquantitative ALARAanalysis:
- Dosetoworkers,thepublic,andtheenvironment beforeandduringworkprocesses usingAERMOD*Residualdosetothelocalpopulation (CAP-88Modeling)
- Applicable alternative processes (treatments, operating methods,orcontrols) forsiteinvestigations orremediation
- Costsforeachalternative evaluated comparedtostandards listedinNUREG-1530and/orREGGuide837*Societalandenvironmental (positive andnegative) impactsassociated withalternatives 175OCMBWD:2017:0001