ML18025A705

Susquehanna Units 1 and 2 - Amendments to the Petition for Leave to Intervene Filed by the Environmental Coalition on Nuclear Power

ML18025A705
Person / Time
Site:	Susquehanna
Issue date:	01/15/1979
From:	Johnsrud J H Environmental Coalition on Nuclear Power
To:	Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
References
Download: ML18025A705 (13)

Text

ENVIRONMENTALCOALITIONONNUCLEARPOWERI/P4UNITEDSTAT""QFAl&RlCANUCMKREGULATORYCQQCESSION+u6andLicBoard~<r16')CP)DocketNa~O-387BeforetheAtomicSafe~r-Xnthe>htterofPENNSYLVANIAPO'dERANDLIGHTCQHPANXandAILiKiFENXELECTRXCCOOPERATIVE~INC.2)5.88'262lt/EtrecutlveOirectorstGeorgeBoomsma-R.O.rtI,peachBottom.pa.175637175e82836r3udiJohnsrud-433OrlandoAvenue.StoteCollege,pa.168018142373900(SusqaehannaSteamElectricStation,Units1and2)5O-388A?KNDK2ZSTOTHEPETITXONFORLEAVETOINDENEFILEDHXTHEENVIRONMENTALCOALITIONONNUC~+P(MKR.ITheEnvtronmenta1CoalitiononNuclearPower(ECNP)submitsthefallowingsupplementtoitsSeptember581978~PetitionforLeavetoInterveneinthecaptionedproceedingto"addressthreematters-NoticeofAppearanceB.ClarificationofPetnitioners'nterest-andStandingC,StatementofContentionsandTheirBasesNoticeofAearancerDrseChaunceyKepfordaridJudithH,Johnsrud3ZhcecutiveBoardmemberandCo-Director~respectiv~3oftheEnvironmentaalCoalitianonNuclearrower~havtngbeend~authorizedbytheExecutiveBoardofthatorganizationtorepresentmembers'nterestsinany'ndall

<<2>>administrativeandlegalproceedings~her+6.tdentertheirnoticeofi$",~appearanceasrepresentativesofthesePetitionersintheproceedingsrelatedtothemattercaptionedabove,ClarificationofPetitioners'nterestandStandinIntheSeptember5~1978~PetitionforLeavetoXntervene~thePetitioners'ECHP)representative~Dr,Johnsrud~advisedthatanaffidavitsettingforthinterestsofBCHPmembersonthebasisofresidencenearSusquehannaSteamKLectricStation~Units1and,8(Susquehanna)wouldbe'fi1edseparate,SuchanaffidavitwasfiledonSeptember8~1978~byDr~CliverJ.Larmi,R,D,Q~Bloomsburg~1'ennsylvania;Dr,4mB.isamemberoftheExecutiveBoardoftheEnvironmentalCoalitiononNuclearPowerstothebestofmyknowledge.othersignatorsofhisaffidavitarealsomembersofECNPiXnaddition>DrJohnsrudisemployedatLewisburg~Pennsylvania>withinafortymi1eradiusofSusquehanna+StatementofContentionsand.TheirBases1.Petitionerscontendthattheana3gsisoftheeffectsoftheuraniumfuelcycleonhumanhealthfromthebergtotheveryendofthefuelcycle~havebeenseriou~mis-representedandunderestimatediXnparticular,thehealthconsequencesofthelong-livedisotopes(longcompared,Mthplantlifetimes)haveyettobeconsideredforthe"fulldetmcLficationperiod"ofeachandeverylong-livedisotopereleased,orcausedtobere1easedtotheenvironment,bytheoperationofSusquehanna(SeeNHDCvHRC~$47>2d633~639atn,12)~IsotopessuchasTc-99~Se-79~X<<129~Cs-135~and thealpha-particleemittershave~todate~eludedfullenvironmentalan~sisbythoseresponsibleforsuchan~sisi2.Petitionerscontendthatthecost-benefitan~sisperformedb7theStaffandApplicantiswho~falsifiedThiscost-benefitan~sisdoesnotrepresentanan~sis"conductedfu~andingoodfaith~(SeeCalvertCliffs'oordinatingCommitteevUSAZC~D.C'.Cir~1971~slipopinion~pi11)~Instead~theanalysisconductedwasdesignedtoarbitrari+reduceenvironmenta1andhea1thcostswhilesimultaneou~inflatingal1egedbenefits,Inparticular~radiationexposurefromvariousisotopes~bothshort-andlong-lived~iscomparedwithvariousback-groundsourcesofradiationexposureYetnojustificationhasthusfarbeenadvancedforcomparinganycostattributablesole3gtotheoperationofSusquehannawithcostsattributabletobackgroundradiationsourceswhichexistindependen~oftheSusquehanna.reactorsiInaddition~thiscomparisonofradiationattributabletoSusquehannawithbackground,radiationdistortscompletelythecost-benefitan~sisofSusquehannabecausethebenefitsideofthean~sisreceivesnosuchcomparison.NocomparisonoftheenergygeneratedbySusquehannaismade~forexample,withthesolarenergyincidentontheUnitedStates.Further~tnean~sisisfaulty.becauseitneglectscomplet~thehealthcostsduetoallofthelong-livedradioactiveisotopesreleased~orcausedtobereleased~totheenvironmentbytheoperationofSusquehanna.AfteraLL~"TheCommission'sprimeareaofconcerninthelicensingcontext~~~ispublichealthandsafety'P.(VermontYankeevNRDC~US,slipopinion,p28~1978).Petitionersassertthatknownandassuredreservesofuraniumareinsufficienttosupp~thelifetimefuelrequiredforSusqueharuxa1and2inagrowingnuc1eareconomyThe historicgrowthratefornucleargeneratedelectricity'~ameasureofuraniumconsumption,isabout32,oannu~~,forthey'ears1961through1977.Erenifthisgrowthratedropsmorethaninhalfto155~ale.oftheestimatedreservesofuraniumwi11havebeenconsumedpriortotheendofthethirty'earlifeofSusquehanna1and2,Asaresult~muchhigherfuelpriceswLLLresult~andenvironmentaldamagewillincreasegreatly'iththeminingofeverlowergradeores.Theproblemsofdisposalofmilltailings~nowdeem'edtrivialby'ome~will.rapi~mount.Yetnoenvironmentalimpactassessmenthasbeenmadeoftheinterrelatedfuelsupply-milltailingsproblemsasuraniumisconsumed,astheseproblemspertaintotheentireoperationallifetimeofSusquehanna.,hoPetitionerscontendthatthereisnoneedforSusquehanna.TheinformationsuppliedbytheApplicantshowsthat,withverymodestincreasesinelectricalenergyconservationefforts~alloftheneedforSusquehanna1-and2willdisappearcomplete~.Applicant'sQxvironmentalReport(ER,p.1.1-2)givesloadgrowthranges,Table1.1-15oftheERshowsthatatthe~ereLowGrowthratescenario,theentireoutputofSusquehanna1and2willbeavai1ableforsaleoutsidetheserviceareaoftheApplicantastheunitscomeonline,TheconservationprogramssuggestedbytheApplicantarenotdesignedtoencourageeithermeaningfulenergy'onservationorefficientenergyuse.instead,theseprogramsareaimedatencouragingcontinuedelectricalenergy.usage,regardlessofwhetherelectricity'sthemostefficientformofenergyforthegobathandornot,TheApplicanthasnotconsideredthealternativetoSusquehanna,asrequiredbyN-""Z4~ofmorestrictenergyconservationmeasuresForexample~thereisnocomparisonofcostforupgradingthethermalinsulationinexistingresidencesandcommercialbuildingsintheserviceareaoftheAppU.cantwiththecosttocompletetheSusquehannaplant.ThediscussionoftheApplicant'santicipatedloadgrowthisbasedonincreased~eofelectricityforspaceheatinresidencesandcommercialestablishments~togetherwiththecontinuedpracticeof over-useofelectric3.i.ghting,bothforindooruseandforad-vertisinganddisplay.Inaddition~theApplicantpresentsnodiscussionofthe'egativeimpactofincreasedelectrificationofindustrialopera-s0tions(through"modernization,"tobecomemore"efficient")upon:remploymentaThisimpactisreadilyseenbycomparingthenumberofworkersneededtoachieveagiven'.outputofan"inefficientFplantwiththeemploy'eesneededinmodern~efficient,mechanizedplanttoachievethesameoutput,TheApplicantthusgross+,"..\aunderestimatestheunemploymentcreatedbythe"Applicantinitsserviceareaae*,I~)1gl'a~I5.Petitionerscontendthatth'emodelsusedtocalculateindividualandpopulationdosesareinaccurateandobsoleteaThesedeficienciesarecompoundedbythearbitraryselectionofdataforthepurposeofunderestim'atingradiationdosesparticular,themilktransfercoefficientforiodinehasbeenunderestimated(SeeHealthPhZsi~cs35,p.413-16'978)~addition,thesemodelsusefactorswhichconvertalpha-particle.doseinradstoremswhicharefar'toplow(SeeHealthPhtsicsp~4p.353-60>1978)~andwhichunderestimatetheradiationeffect,onaperradbasis~fortheverylowenergybetaandgammaradiations~asfromH-3andC-14(SeeHealth~sics,~h,p433--.8~1978)aFurthermore,theentiresetofradiationstandardsisbased'primar~onthedatafromHiroshimaand1iagasaki~wherethedosesreceivedbysurvivorswereessential>instantaneous.Forradiationeffectsfromtheentireuraniumfuelcycle,aswillbecausedbytheopera-tionofSusquehanna1and2,thedosesreceivedbothbyworkersandbymembersofthepublicvill-belowdosesdaUveredat,ingeneral,lowdoserates.Thebombblastdatahavenodemonstrabletrelevancetothischronic~lowdosesituationSee'Health~s~ics~33a,369A5,1977,andBrdadanJonrnalor~Cancer~7p.44C-51,1978ala .6.,Petitioners,contendthattheanalysisofalternatives~asrequiredby'EPAandtheCommission'srules,iswoeful~inadequateandincomplete~'l'hisanalysisdoesnotconsiderseriouseffortsatenergyconservation~enduseefficiencies~orwhathavecometobeknownas4SecondLawZffi.cienciesi"lnaddition~nodiscussionhasbeenpresentedconcerningthehealthbenefitsofenergyconservationinconjunctionwiththeconservationalternativetoSusquehanna~TherehasalsobeennocomparisonofthehealthcostsattributabletotheoperationofSusquehannawiththaseof'notoperatingSusquehanna~~withthesetypesofcomparisoncanthetruehealthcostofSusquehannabeevaluated.Solarenergy'nanyofitsvariousformsisnotconsideredasanalternativetoSusouehanna.Byignoringthiscommonly'sedalternativeenergysource,theApplicantishopingto'preventhomeuseofsolarheatingandhotwaterapplications.Furtherencouragement'ofrelianceonexpensiveelectrically'peratedmechanicalheatingandcoolingdevices,lanceheatpumps~inthenameofenergyconservation,seemstodefeatnotonlyenergy'onservation~butalsathedevelopmentofsolarener@riThepr1auLrybeneficiary'fthisdefianceofNEPAistheApplicant.7~Petitionerscontend,thatemergencyresponseandevacuationplanningby'heApplicant~theDirectorand.StaffoftheOfficeofRadiologicalHealthofthePenns73vaniaDepartmentofEnviron-mentalResources~theStateandCountyCivilDefenseAgencies,andothersresponsibleforprotectionofthehealthandsafety'fthepublicintheeventofaradiologicalemergency'ffectingthepopulationbeyondthesiteboundaryofSusquehannaisnotcompleteandsufficienttoassurepromptnotificationand,evacuationofa1lareasinwhichpersons.maybeexposedtoradiationdosesinexcessofthosepermittedby'xistingradiationexposurestandardsforthegeneralpublicandProtectiveActionGuides.TherecentPlanningBasisReportoftheMRCandEmvironmenta1ProtectionAgency' (EEEG-0396/EPA520/1-'78-016~December~3.978~p.'5)notesthat'morespecificguidancewithrespecttoaccidentswhoseconsequenceswouldbemoreseversthanthedesignbasisaccidentssxplicit3y'onsideredinthelicensingprocess[isjappropriate"InviewoftheNuclearRegulatoryCommission's'expressedreservationsaboutthereliabilityandvalidity'ftheprobabilityestimatesintheReactorSafety'tudy'~WASH-1/00(See~e,gi~:.!'Mls/CR-0400andNUIUXi-.0396/EPA520/1-78-016~pp,IAthroughI-10~includingnotesatpp'-8andI-9;seealsotranscriptoftheDecember21~1978,andsubseouentNRCCommissioners'eetingsandComvd.ssioners'raftpolicystatements.onMASH-1400)~andinviewofthe,explicitlimitationofthevalidityof'heReactorSafety!Stu+'sanalysesthroughtheyear'980~prior'totneoperationa1lifetimeofSusquehanna1and2~Petitionerscontend:that'noprobabilityana3ysisexiststo)ustifytheAppU.cant'sandStaff'sfailuretoaddressthe,fullconsequencestotheplantand,tothegeneticandsomatichealthandthesafety'fthepublic~andthefulllong-termcostsofpropertydamageofthedesignbasisaccident(includingsensitivityanalyses)andofaccidentsmoreseverethanthedesignbasisaccident.PetitionerscontendthatnooperatinglicenseforSusquehanna1and2shouldissueuntil,theApplicant,Commonwealth,LuzerneCounty,SalemTownshipofficialsandanyotherssharingresponsibilityforpublichealthandsafetyhavepreparedandtested-<<withdrillsthatincludeparticipationIof811ofthepotentially'ffectedpublic->>emergencypreparednessandevacuationplansforthedesignbasisaccidentandforworst-,case(Class9)accidents,.Riskanalysisisincompleteandinadequatetocomp3jrwithiiPAandtheCommission'smandateundertheAtomicEnergy'ctof-1954,asamended,intheabsenceoffullan~sisof.boththeprobabilityandconsequencesofworst-caseaccidents.Thestingstudiesofdisasterresponseareinadequatetodemonstrate~intheabsenceoftestsinvolvtngthosewhowouldbeaffected~thetoravidecapabi3ityofemergencyresponseandevacuationplanstoprovitheprotectionrequiredforthe'publici Twoseriouscontradictionsadditionallyinhibittheeffective1tAperformanceoftheduties,afthetwopartieshavtngmoorresponsi-bilityforemergencynotificationofthepublicandfortheprotectianafthepublichealthintheeventofaradiologicalemergency~First>>theApplicant,throughvariouspublicrelationseffortsandthecovmnmicationsmedia>>hassoughttoconvincethoseresidinginthevicinityofSusquehanna.thattheplantposesnosignificantthreattothepublichealthandsafety'>>buthasofferednoverifiablefoundationforsuchclaimsbeyondthenow-repudiatedReactorSafetyStudyTheApplicantistheinitialsourceofin-formation->>andtheonlysourceofdata-pertainingtotheseverityandscopeaftheradiologicalhazardfollowinganaccidentstSusquehanna.Zntheear~stagesofanaccident>>theApplicantmap'eunableorunwillingtoascertainthatanoffsiteradi:ationhazardexistsorwill~st>>andmay'eexpectedtoavoidadvisingotherresponsibleauthoritiesandthepublicaslongastheutility'fficialsbelievethatemergency'vacuation-detrunentaltotheutility'ompaq('sinterests-isnotabsolut~essential.Further-more>>theApplicant>>havingimpressedupontnepublicthesafetyofitsnuclearreactorsandtheallegedextrem~lowprabab~t7ofacatastrophic.accident>>orotherresponsibleofficialsmay'eunabletoconvinceendangeredresidentsofthenecessity'femergencyactionsandevacuation,Asecondcontradictioninhibitingadequateemergency'esponseliesinstatementsmadeby'heDirectorofthe~ennsylvaniaOfficeofPwdiologicalHealth,HriThomasXI,Geruslgr~Hehasstatedatapublicmeetingthathisstaffwouldnotbeabletorespondatallhourstoanaccidentatanuclearfac93.it7.Hehasalso>>by'ffi-davit>>deniedhavingmadesuchastatement.Purthermore>>theQCficeofRacU.ologicalHealthhasbeenunsuccessfulinobtainingtheamountof'undingrequiredtoprovideadequatequalifiedstaffandequip-menttabeabletaexpanditscapabi3LtytomonitorandtorespondtoaradiationemergencysituationatSusquehannao8iPetitionerscontendthatroutine,oroccasional>>useaf

<<9environmentaLLy'ersistentorinadequat~testedherbicidestomaintainclearanceoftransmissionlinerights-of-wayisasomatic~teratogenic,and,potentially'utagenicthreattothehealthandsafety'fpersonslivingnearortraversingtheseareasi9iThearcheologicalinvestigationoftheApplicant'suplandsitefortheSusquehannaStation~has~chosenfollowingthe1972floodcausedbyHurri.caneAgnes,wasincompleteandinadequatetodeterminethestatusofculturalantiquitiesinadvanceofth'commencementofconstructionCompletionofarcheologicalinvesti>>gationincompliancewithstateandfederallawgoverningprotectionofantiquitiesshouldprecedefurtherconstructionatthesiteiPetitioriersbelievetheBoardshouldrequireanindependentreview-oftheApplicant'sarcheologicalstudiese4IlLO~PetitionersassertthattheNuclearSteamSupply'y'tem(NSSS)ofSusquehanna1and2containsnumerousdesigndeficiencies>someofwhichmayneverberesolvable,andwhich,whenviewedtogether,renderapictureofanunsafenuclearinstallationwhichmap'everbesafeenoughtooperate.Thepressuresuppressioncontainmentstructuremaynotbeconstructedwithsufficientstrengthtowithstandthe.adamicforcesrealizedduringblowdown~ThereactorpressurevesselmaynotsurvivethethermalshockofIcool"CCSwaterafterblowdownwithoutcrackingThecrackingofstainlesssteelpipinginB'~Rcoolantwaterenvironmentsduetostresscorrosionhasyettobepreventedoravoided.B~Rcorespraynozzlesoccasionallycrack,aproblemwhichreducestheireffectiveness.TheabilityofSusquehannatosurviveAnticipatedTransient"lithoutScram(ADVS~seeMSH;1270)remainstobedemonstrated.ForthisAT'JSissue~relianceonprobabilisticnumbers~aslOperyear,isuniCseandunsafe,Orerpressuriza-'ionofthepressurevesselisaserioussafety'problem~especi~inviewoftheunderhandedandwhoZ3ginadequatemethodusedtoensurethattheASIDEstampwastobeappliedtonuclearpressurevesseLsi(SeeProceedingsoftheAnnua1MnterMeeting~AGE, November17-22~197)i~NewYork~N,Y,~paperbyA,J,Ackern~o)Numerousproblemsren~withtheadequacyofelectricalcablepenetrationsofthecontainmentstructure.Thereducedcapability'fSusquehannatoscramattheendofthefuelcycleduetocon-trolrodpoisondepletionaggravatesalloftheaboveproblems~suchthatwhenallofthese~andcertain3gotherssuchascontainmentsteellinexbucklingproblemsthathavenot'beenspecifically'ddressedhere,arecombined,theconclusionofaninadequateandobsoletedesignisobvious(See~forgeneralx'eferencematerials~NURSE-0138,NUR3K-0253~amongothers.)11~Petitionerscontend.thatexcessiverelianceon"singlefailure"events(i.e+,seeFSAR6.3.2.5)leadstoafalsesenseofsecurityandcertainty~especi~whenitisknownthatmultiplefailuresoccur(SeetestimonyofDriDavidOkrent,AORS~beforetheCaliforniaLegislativeCommitteeonMergyandMminishingResources~October29~1975,p.11.SeealsoJointCommitteeonAtomicMerge~U,S~Congress~Hearingsentitled"BrownsFerry'uclearPlantFire,vol.1,September16>1975)~14,Petitionerscontend~,whentakentogetherandfactoredintolifetimemonetax7ful3.costdeterminationsforSusquehanna,thatplantdecommissioningandultimatedismantlingandsitedecon-tamination~interimspentfuelstorageand,subsequentdisposal~radioactivewastemanagementanddisposalatallstagesof'henuclearfuelcycle~andhealthcostsforthefullperiodoftoxicityofradioactivematerial.sattributabletotheoperationofSusquehannawQ3.renderthisnuclearfacilityeconomically'on-competitivewithvtrtuallyanyofthemargralternativesourcesofenergyorwithconservation.Absentnationa1policy'etermina-tions~federallegislation~and.administrativeagency'egulationoftheseissues,Petitionerscontend.thatnooperating1icenseshouldissueforSusquehanna1and2i Foralltheforegoingreasonsstatedinthesecontentions~theEnvironmentalCoalitiononNuclearPowercontendsthatthisAtomicSafety'ndLicensingBoardshouldexanMeD~thepublichealthandsafety'ndenvtronment'alimpacts,costs~burdens~andirreversibledamageswhichwillresult.fromtheoperationofSusquehanna1and.2andshoulddengranoperatinglicensetotheApplicant.ThesePetitionerswishandintendtoconducta.fullcaseofcross-examinationofApplicantandStaffandanyotherwitnesses~aswe11astopresentwitnessesoftheirowninsupportofthesecontentions~inordertoassistthisBoardinreachingagustdeterminationofthematteratissue.BecauseofpriorparticipationinnumerousAECandNRCadministrativeproceedings~however~ECNP~anon-profitpublic-interestorganization~isheavily'urdenedwithdebtsfortheseearlierlegalcases~many'fwhichhavecontributedsubstantiallytothebettermentoffederalregulationofnuclearpowerreactors,asareadingoftherecordswQ.1revea1.Petitionexstherefore,withthisfiling,renewtheirpriorrequestsforfinancialassistancefxomtheNuclearRegulatory'gencyinordertqmazetheagency~sbenefit,.fromourcontributiontothisproceeding.Measkthat~asanimmediateandfirststepinfinancialrelief~theCommissionundertakehereafterthereproductionandmailingtootherpartiesonthelengthyservicelistofsubsequentfilingsby'CNPinthiscase.8'ateiJanuary/51979Respectfu~submitted,s,,~z,'gp&mcWJudithH.JohnsrudCo-DirectorandRepresentative~PCNPJQ3OrlandoAve~StateCoU.ege~Pa~

U.S.NUG.'i..~"l,".;-;(~'(COVS~ISS1ONooc>'".!.':'.'!I~"."(chewPoslfllhl.CopissPe;iivcdAdd'IC-"SPOola",I~;'lfi~'lJs CERTIFICATEOFSERVICEIherebycertify'hatcopiesafAmendmentstothePetitionforLeavetoInterveneFiledtheWvironmentalCoalitionon'Huclear~Po-erdnDocketNos.50-387and50-388~havebeenservedonthefo33.owing,bydepositintheUSHai1~firstclass~postagepaid>thisQ~dayofJanuary~1979.JMmcW~JudithH.JahnsrudCo-DirectorandRepresentative,hCNPSecretary'ftheCommissionU.SHuclearRegulatory'ommissionWashington~DC,20555CharlesBechhoefer,'squireChairman~ASLBPanelU.S,NuclearRegulatoryCommissionWashington~D.C.20555Hr,Glenn0.BrightASLBPanelU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommissionWashington~D,C.a0555Dr.OscarH.ParisASLBPanelU,S,NuclearRegulatoryCommissionMashington,D,C.20555'tomicSafetyandLicensingBoardPanelU.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommissionWashington~D,C,20555AtomicSafetyandLicensingAppealBoardPanelU.S.NuclearRegulatory'ommissi,onWashington~D,C20555JamesM.Cutchin,IV,EsquireOfficeoftheWecutiveLegalDirectorU,S.HuclearRegulatoryCommissionMashington~D,C,20555DocketingandServiceSectionOfficeoftheSecretaryUSNuclearRegulatoryCommissionVashington~D,C20555JaySilberg,EsquireShaw~Wttman,watts~andTrowbridge1800HStreetNWWashington,D,C,20036GeraldSchultz,asquireSusquehannaMvironmentalAdvocates500SouthRiverStreetMilh:es-Barre~Pa.18'(Oc>!rs.IreneLemanowicz~ChairpersanCitizensAgainstNuclearDangerP.O,Box377R.De1Berw9.ck,Pa.186031<s.ColleenMarsh558A~ReD.g4HountainTop@Paean18707HrThomasH.Geruslqr,DirectorBureauofRadiationProtectionDepartmentofEnvironmentalResourcesCommonwealthofPennsylvaniaP0Box2063Harrisburg~Pa,17120CQ/pgCKHEOUSNgt>>~gJP,N(7@79>5Q(f~~>~iceO~~an(5Ol